text:
\section{\label{sec:level1}INTRODUCTION }

				There has been an increasing interest in 1/$f$  noise phenomena in the last two decades. The reasons are mainly two-fold. Firstly, study of resistance fluctuations ($1/f$ noise) can be very informative for studying transport mechanisms in complex disordered systems like manganites\cite{Littlewood}, metal-insulator composites\cite{Wei,Aip}, CDW systems \cite{Subho} etc. Secondly, a device performs most satisfactorily if its noise level is within some specified limit thus making noise a sensitive measure of quality and reliability of the device\cite{Jevtic}.

In this article, we focus mainly on two kinds of situations that arise in noise measurements: a) One where resistance changes by a few orders of magnitude in certain materials undergoing phase transitions upon  varying a physical parameter like temperature\cite{uehera} or pressure. Examples include manganites of certain compositions where resistance changes abruptly with temperature; b) Another pertains to bias dependent noise measurement in disordered systems which are  driven into non-Ohmic ( i.e. non-linear ) regimes upon application of a bias of a few hundred mV or less \cite{Fuhrer,Gruner}. In this case, study of noise as a function of bias may be used to correlate the changes in the conduction mechanism or micro structure with the onset of nonlinearity. In addition to that, intriguing characteristics of noise in the non-linear regime is shown by some semiconductor devices like SCLC diode\cite{SCLC}, Schottky barrier diodes\cite{KLEINPENN} etc.

	   In conventional DC 4-probe setup for measuring resistance fluctuations (noise), a constant current, $I_{DC}=V_b /(R_b+r_s)$ from a battery ($V_b$) flows through a large ballast resistor ($R_b$) and the fluctuating sample ($r_s$). The average voltage across the sample, $\langle V \rangle $ = $ I_{DC} \langle   r_s \rangle$ is removed by AC coupling to a preamplifier so that voltage fluctuations $\delta V$ = $I_{DC} \delta R$  may be amplified and measured. Here, $\delta R$ stands for fluctuation in the resistance. The effect of contact fluctuations can be minimized by choosing $R_b/r_s$$\gg$1.
Usually a wire wound or a metal film resistor 10 times the sample resistance with negligible level of flicker noise is used as the ballast. \cite{Scofield}

  However, \emph{bias dependent} noise measurements require currents starting from a few $\mu$A to tens of mAs. Thus, one requires either an enormous number of batteries or huge values of noise free ballast resistors, both of which are unfeasible. Using a solid state current source connected to the mains also does not serve the purpose because of high level of noise introduced in the measurement chain from power line fluctuations. So a low noise constant current source satisfying the above requirements and having at least 15-20 V voltage compliance was needed. Few reported constant current sources in the literature \cite{Linzen,Ross} are for highly specific situations and not exactly applicable for our purpose. For instance, S. Linzen {\it et al.} \cite{Linzen} built a computer-controlled current source for quantum coherence experiments based on low noise operation amplifier OPA 627 which could however source a maximum current of only about 1.5mA and had voltage compliance limit of around 2.5~V. Another constant current supply for atomic CP violation experiments to drive a magnetic coil was constructed by Ross {\it et al.} \cite{Ross}. However, it could source only high value of currents and was optimized for low impedance samples.

		In this article, we describe the design, operation and implementation of a simple low noise constant current source suitable for bias dependent noise measurements. By means of an accurate selection of active (JFET) and passive components (wirewound and metal film resistors) we have been able to design a versatile low noise constant current source with noise levels orders of magnitude lower than available commercial sources. The fabrication of a Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT) coupled ultra low noise preamplifier based on the design given in Analog Devices MAT04 data sheet incorporating some modifications has been described in section II. Measurements using the constant current source and preamplifier is presented in section III.

\section{\label{sec:level2} SYSTEM DESIGN }

\subsection{Low noise constant current source}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{figure1.eps}
\caption{Schematic of the basic module of the low noise constant current source.}
\label{fig.1}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=7cm]{figure2.eps}
\caption{Schematic of modules in different arrangements used for high and low current cases. a) High R module is for supplying low current while b) Low R module is for supplying high current.}
\label{fig.2}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

Figure 3 shows the circuit diagram of the current source. The design has two novel features, making it specially useful for bias dependent noise measurements. First, it has a modular construction where modules can be independently added or removed using switches to supply currents ranging over more than four decades.  Second, an arrangement has been made to keep the load floating above ground or referenced to ground for catering to different experimental situations arising in noise measurements.

\subsubsection{Design, circuit, and working }

In the `pinch off region' of a JFET, the drain current $I_D$ is almost independent of drain-source voltage $V_{\rm DS}$ but controlled by gate-source voltage $V_{\rm GS}$. Thus, JFET can be used as a current limiter (CL) when properly connected in a circuit\cite{Source} and is well documented in literature\cite{Siliconix}. The $I_D$ of the JFET in  Fig. 1 depends on the $V_{\rm GS}$ and the value of the resistor R. An increase in  $V_{\rm GS}$  reduces $I_D$ in the JFET, and any increase or decrease in $I_D$ causes similar changes in effective $V_{\rm GS}$  [$V_{\rm GS}$=$- R$ $I_D$]. This degenerative effect forces  $I_D$  to remain constant for a particular combination of R and $V_{\rm GS}$ . The use of R as self-bias for JFET enhances the JFET output impedance and the JFET behaves as CL. The resistor R can be series combination of a variable resistor $R_P$ and a fixed resistor $R_F$, and the total value ($R_P$ + $R_F$) can be adjusted for a particular requirement of $I_D$. Its value can be determined from the relation
\begin{equation}
R \, = \, \frac {V_{\rm GS}}{I_D} \, = \, \frac {V_{\rm GSOFF}}{I_D} \, \left (1-\sqrt {\frac {I_D}{ I_{\rm DSS}}}\right ).
\end{equation}

where $V_{\rm GSOFF}$ is the pinch off voltage and $I_{\rm DSS}$ is the pinch off current. The low frequency noise characteristics of the scheme described in Fig. 1 depends solely on the equivalent voltage noise source $S_{\rm v_{\rm FET}}$ of the JFET. The Power Spectral Density (PSD) of the current fluctuations in the load is given by\cite{Neri}:
\begin{equation}
	S_{i_{\rm FET}} \, = \, S_{ v_{\rm FET}} \left [\frac {g_{\rm m}}{1+g_{\rm m} R} \right]^2 .
\end{equation}
where $S_{i_{FET}} $ is the PSD of fluctuation of drain current $i_{FET}$ through the JFET and $g_m$ is the transconductance.The voltage compliance of the scheme is limited by the maximum $V_{DS}$ of the JFET, i.e., the breakdown voltage.

\begin{figure*}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=10.5cm]{figure3.eps}
\caption{Schematic of the low noise constant current source  consisting of four identical units as described in fig. 2. For details see text.}
\label{fig.3}
\end{center}
\end{figure*}

However, the scheme shown in Fig. 1 has some serious limitations while operating in low as well as high current regime. Noise measurement in low resistance samples requires high values of $I_D$ causing large power dissipation in the JFET  resulting in an increased temperature fluctuation of the active device. Consequently, the noise characteristics of the device degrade. As the amount of joule heating of the JFET depends on the product of $V_{DS}$ and $I_D$, this effect could be minimized by keeping $V_{DS}$ very low. The decrease in the value of $V_{DS}$ is restricted by the value of $V_{GSOFF}$ which ensures good current regulation. Again, for high resistance samples requiring low supply current, the FET adds significant voltage noise of its own~\cite{Datasheet}.

The problems associated with the basic design scheme of Fig. 1 has been solved using a novel circuit topology shown in Fig. 2. The circuit configuration shown in Fig 2a has been used for supplying low current to the sample. Here, two current limiter modules $CL_1$ and $CL_2$ connected in series, delivering currents $I_{S1}$ and $I_{S2}$ respectively, are used to deliver a low current ($I_{S1}$ - $I_{S2}$) through the sample $R_{load}$. The value of $I_{S1}$ is adjusted to be exactly $I_{load}$ amount more than that of $I_{S2}$ and the current through the $R_{load}$ is ($I_{S1}$ - $I_{S2}$). The $CL_1$ is connected to a positive voltage source (V+) and instead of connecting $CL_2$ to the ground, it is biased to a negative voltage source (V-). This ensures sufficient voltage drop across $CL_2$ which works as a constant current sink, even during a possible low voltage drop across the $R_{load}$.

Fig. 2b describes the circuit configuration for providing high current in few mA to tens of mA range. In this arrangement a high current through the sample $R_{load}$ can be passed using two or more current limiter modules $CL_{3-N}$, delivering currents $I_{S3}$, $I_{S4}$, - - - $I_{SN}$, connected in parallel. The supply voltage V+ can be derived from a battery of cells and the current limiters connected to the sample resistor work as a current source delivering a current of $I_{S3}$ + $I_{S4}$ +- - - + $I_{SN}$.

Each of the CL's has a low noise n-type JFET [2SK170 manufactured by Toshiba] having typical $S_{v} = 0.95~nV / \sqrt {Hz} $  at f=1~KHz. A  variable resistor 10~K$\Omega$ and a 33~$\Omega$  combination has been used for the current control resistor. The variable resistances used are  Bourns-make wire wound resistances having negligible $1/f$ noise and 33~$\Omega$ resistors are excess noise free metal film resistances. The maximum current $I_S$  through each stage is selected to be $I_s\leq I_{dss(max)}/4$ to minimize the joule heating in the JFETs. Typically, the maximum current supplied through each stage is selected to be 5mA which makes the source capable of supplying multiples of 5~mA, depending on the number of CL's used.
A combination of such CL's and filtered power from a battery of cells can be used for resistance fluctuations measurement.

		The complete current source scheme has been described in Fig. 3. It consists of different modules of CL's arranged in the manner described earlier. Each CL has been provided with one switch $S_{W-N}$. The number of CL's to be used can be selected with the right number N of $S_{W-N}$ to be ON. The supply voltage for the combination of CL's is derived from a battery of cells selected by the proper terminal $T_N$ and  low pass filters formed by 100~$\Omega$  resistor and 100~$\mu$F capacitor combination. The selection of supply voltage by $T_N$ depends on the correct $V_{DS}$ required for the combination delivering the selected $I_S$ keeping minimum power dissipated by the JFETs. The voltage drop across $R_S$ can be used to monitor the current delivered to the sample resistor. The placement of the current sensing resistor $R_S$ is critical as it can make the load referenced to ground or floating. In the source described above $R_S$ is placed in such a manner so as to make the load floating. This allows for noise measurement in differential mode which has the advantage of superior DC and AC common mode rejection resulting in increased signal to noise ratio (SNR) than single ended measurements which are susceptible to coupled noise and DC offsets. However, placement of $R_S$ and sample maybe interchanged for measurements with reference to ground, i.e., single ended one in place of differential.

The module $CL_2$ can be connected to the combination of CL's using the  $S_{W1}$ and $S_{W2}$ for subtracting the current from $CL_1$ during low output current requirement. The right bias voltage $V_{-N}$ for $CL_2$ is selected by connecting through $T_{-N}$.

    The current source has been designed with minimum components without using any overall feedback loop. Such a loop would require more active and passive components and might well introduce additional $1/f$ noise. Besides, the drift of $I_S$ over the time of a spectral measurement, typically 5 minutes, is insignificant. The complete circuit, including the battery of cells, switches, etc., is enclosed in an electrically grounded sheet metal box to restrict influence of possible external noise. Thus, use of a number of CL's implemented as described can deliver the required range of current for the study of resistance fluctuations.

\subsection{Preamplifier}

\subsubsection{Motivation}

	  It is customary to use a voltage preamplifier to amplify the voltage fluctuations of the sample before being fed to the spectrum analyzer.  Generally JFET or BJT input preamplifiers are preferred. The FET amplifiers generally work fine for samples having resistances above 10~K$\Omega$ owing to reasonable impedance matching with the high input impedance JFET of the input stage. However, impedance mismatch causes huge amount of noise to be added by the preamplifier leading to a large increase in the background noise\cite{Scofield} for samples having resistances below 10~K$\Omega$. BJT input preamplifiers are used to circumvent this problem of impedance mismatch for these low impedance samples. While excellent commercial FET preamplifiers such as SR560 by Stanford Research Systems or EG$\&$G PAR113 are available, it is not the case for BJT coupled preamplifiers.

     In bias dependent low frequency noise measurements the samples are often biased with large DC voltage. The preamplifier input requires AC-coupling down to very low frequencies ($f$ $\ll$ 1Hz) to reject the otherwise possible saturation of the high gain input stages of the preamplifier by large DC voltages\cite{Net81,Ciofi}. Generally, a coupling capacitor is used to pass through the AC fluctuations from the sample ($\delta$V) to the input of the JFET or BJT while DC bias is blocked. The lowest frequency ($f_c$) that is allowed through a combination of the input resistor R and the coupling capacitor C is given by:
\begin{equation}
	    f_c=1/2\pi RC
\end{equation}
    In JFET input preamplifiers, presence of high input resistance suffices only a small value coupling capacitor to reduce possible attenuation even in mHz range. However, BJT input preamplifiers having low input resistance ($\approx$100~K$\Omega$) require a very high value coupling capacitor for working in the same frequency range. In addition to that, the high value coupling capacitor fails to block the DC voltage when the bias exceeds a few volts. Consequently, the frequency range of commercial BJT input preamplifiers starts from around 1~Hz only. The main cause of the problem is decrease in equivalent parallel resistance of the high value electrolytic capacitor on application of large voltage across it. This problem is solved by selecting a suitable non-electrolytic capacitor, as described below.

   \subsubsection{Design Modification}

     A preamplifier based on the design given in the data sheet of MAT04 \cite{MAT04} has been fabricated to solve the problem discussed. It uses a precision dual matched transistor, the MAT02 and a feedback V-to-I converter, the MAT04. We used low noise operational amplifier OP27 instead of OP17 to act as an overall nulling amplifier to complete the feedback loop. The OP27 was used keeping in mind availability as well as the fact that huge bandwidth is not a requirement for our low frequency noise experiments.  We made a small modification at the input stage by using high value 120~$\mu$F, 250~V Solen \cite{Solen} metalized polyester capacitors instead of an electrolytic capacitor coupled with a 100~K$\Omega$ low tempco metal film resistor to form a RC coupling network. The Solen capacitors have low equivalent series resistance, low inductance, low dissipation factor along with high voltage rating of 250~V resulting in extremely low leakage currents thus providing superior low frequency coupling requirements. The preamplifier's frequency response starts from around as low as 100~mHz as a result of the modification. It also had a gain of 1000 and extremely low corner frequency of 3~Hz and voltage noise density of 2~$nV / \sqrt {Hz}$ at 10~Hz. The values are very close to those given in the data sheet of MAT 04.

\section{\label{sec:level3} RESULTS }

In order to characterize the source its current noise was determined for different values of load current. The current fluctuations at the output for a current $i_0$ passing through a load $R_L$ is given by
\begin{equation}
  \delta i = i_0 \frac {\delta R_{L}}{R_{L}} + \delta i_0^{(source)}
\end{equation}
So the PSD of the current fluctuations $S_A$ is given by
\begin{equation}
\label{eq:cur}
  S_A(f,i_0) = i_0^{2} \frac{S_{R_L}}{R_{L}^2} + S_{i_0}^{(source)}
\end{equation}
where $S_{R_L}$ is the PSD for the resistance fluctuation of the load and  $S_{i_0}^{(source)}$ is the PSD for the current fluctuation of the source. According to Eq. (\ref{eq:cur}), the measured current noise approaches the current noise of the source as the load resistance $R_L$ is increased progressively, provided it has negligible flicker noise\cite{Art}. The noise $S_{i_0}^{(source)}$ of the JFET current source could be analyzed to have three possible noise sources: i) Shot noise \textit{ $2qi_0$}, ii) Johnson noise \textit{4kT/$R_S$ }, where \textit{$R_S$ }is the JFET source current setting resistor  and iii) JFET voltage noise. Fig. 4 shows typical values of $S_A(f,i_0)$ for a fixed load current of $i_o$=100$\mu$A using three different metal film resistors of values 150$\Omega$, 10K$\Omega$, 100K$\Omega$ as load. Still higher values of resistances could not be used as the output dc voltages reaches the compliance limit of the source for higher currents.
The figure shows that measured current noise decreases with increasing load resistance in conformity with Eq. ($\ref{eq:cur}$). It also shows that we have already reached the noise floor for $R_L=100 K\Omega$. The low noise floor $S_{i_0}^{(source)}$$\approx$  $10^{-23} A^2/Hz$ of the source is lower than the shot noise values for the measured currents. The goal of fabricating a current source quieter than the shot noise was thus achieved which is the whole purpose of the JFET circuit. However it is to be noted that noise floor lower than $10^{-23} A^2/Hz$ could not be achieved as it is limited by the Johnson noise of the current setting resistor. Larger value of current setting resistor $R_S$ could be used to achieve low current as well as lower Johnson noise 4kT/$R_S$. However, it leads to an increase in the voltage noise of the JFET by orders of magnitude\cite{Datasheet} and also affects the stability of the load current. Thus for achieving lower currents, the circuit configuration described in fig 2a has been used where the difference of relatively higher currents ($\approx$ 1mA) flowing in opposite directions through two different JFET source modules were used to set the desired low current through the load. The higher currents were set by using  lower $R_S$ (typically $\approx$ 1 K$\Omega$) which resulted in an increase in the noise floor (johnson noise) $10^{-23} A^2/Hz$.

Fig 5 shows $S_A(f,i_0)$ for different $i_0$ for $R_L=150 \Omega$ and 10 K$\Omega$ respectively. A noise floor of $\approx$ $5 \times 10^{-23} A^2/Hz$ for low currents (up to 1mA) and  $\approx$ $3 \times 10^{-21} A^2/Hz$ for current over 10mA can be seen from fig. 5(b) and 5(a) respectively. Moreover, no unusual dependence of current noise with supplied current spanning over three decades has been found as is clear from the inset. The rise of the noise power at very low frequencies is due to the low frequency characteristics of the preamplifier\cite{Scofield} as can be confirmed by their noise figures (NF) for the particular source resistances and frequency.

The $S_A(f,i_0)$ in ($\ref{eq:cur}$)  was calculated from voltage noise across the load $S_V(f,i_0)$. The experimental setup for measurement of $S_V(f,i_0)$ consisted of a suitably impedance matched low noise preamplifier (home made or PAR113) to amplify the voltage fluctuations $\delta$V produced in the sample. This was followed by a low pass anti aliasing filter (SR560) and finally to a dynamic spectrum analyzer (SR785) for evaluation of its spectral components. If $S_{vm}(f,i_0)$ be the measured PSD in spectrum analyzer then
\begin{equation}
 S_{vm}(f,i_{0})/G^2-S_{V}^{(B)}= S_V(f,i_0)
\end{equation}
where G is the gain of the preamplifier and $S_{V}^{(B)}$ is the background noise (amplifier + thermal noise).  Note that the 50Hz and its harmonics seen in fig. 5 and 6 are a result of the presence of the spectrum analyzer and the filter connected to the mains and is well known\cite{Linzen,Drung}.

       A comparison of the rms noise power spectral density of a typical low noise constant current source like Keithley 6430 calculated from its data sheet\cite {Keithley} and present source is given in table I. It can be clearly seen from the table that except for the lowest current range, the noise performance of the described source is few orders of magnitude better than the commercial source Keithley 6430.

\begin{table}[b]
\caption{\label{tab:table1
Comparison of current noise of a commercial source Keithley 6430 (noise calculated from data sheet) and the present source for different ranges of current. }
\begin{ruledtabular}
\begin{tabular}{ccc}

\textrm{Current}&
\textrm{Keithley 6430} &
\textrm{Present Source} \\
\textrm{range(A)} &
\textrm{$( A^2/Hz)$} &
\textrm{$( A^2/Hz)$} \\
\colrule
 10$\mu$A  & $2{\times}10^{-23}$ & $3{\times}10^{-23}$   \\
100$\mu$A  & $2{\times}10^{-21}$ & $5.1{\times}10^{-23}$   \\
1$~$mA  & $1.25{\times}10^{-18}$ & $6.2{\times}10^{-23}$     \\
10$~$mA  & $1.25{\times}10^{-16}$  & $3.5{\times}10^{-21}$     \\
\end{tabular}
\end{ruledtabular}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{figure4.eps}
\caption{Current noise $S_A$ vs. frequency for 3 different metal film resistors as load at one specific current of 100$\mu$A is shown. The trend of noise with load resistance follows eqn. $\ref{eq:cur}$.}
\label{fig.4}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{figure5.eps}
\caption{Current noise $S_A$ vs. frequency for a 150~$\Omega$ and 10 K$\Omega$  metal film resistor for various bias currents are shown. The inset shows noise power (averaged over 9-18~Hz octave) with current. }
\label{fig.5}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{figure6.eps}
\caption{PSD (averaged over 9-18~Hz) of a NSMO thin film with voltage at a temperature of 79~K. $V^2$ dependence of noise with bias is observed. A typical $1/f$ noise spectrum for the film is shown in the inset.}
\label{fig.6}
\end{center}
\end{figure}

In order to test the applicability of the source for noise measurements in homogeneous samples it is essential to verify the Hooge's law\cite {Hooge} which may be described as
\begin{equation}
S_v= 	\frac {\alpha V_{DC}^\beta} {N f^\gamma}
\end{equation}
where $V_{DC}$ is the average DC voltage drop across the sample, \textit{N} is the total number of charge carriers in a homogeneous sample, $\alpha$ is a dimensionless parameter depending upon the material and \textit{f} is the frequency. $\beta$ is the bias exponent generally equal to 2 for homogeneous samples and $\gamma$ is the frequency exponent having values in the range 0.8-1.3. Accordingly, low frequency noise measurements  were performed in a $Nd_{0.67}Sr_{0.33}MnO_3$ (NSMO) thin film\cite{Ramirez} of thickness 50nm deposited using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) from a stoichiometric target onto $SrTiO_{3}$ (STO) single crystal substrates. After the deposition, thick gold layers were sputtered for making low resistance contacts to the sample. The film was then taken to a special SVT-400 Janis LHe cryostat and noise experiment performed at 78~K. The temperature was stabilized to better than $\pm10 mK$ during the measurement. Noise measurements were done using the current source and home made amplifier described earlier and the results shown in Fig. 6. Following Hooge's law a clear $V^2$ dependence of noise with current ranging over two decades in the ohmic regime was found.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=6.2cm]{figure7.eps}
\caption{Noise and Resistance with vs bias in a carbon wax composite. The bias exponent in the linear regime is 1.85. It can be clearly seen that the onset of non-linearity of resistance is accompanied with decrease of normalized noise. }
\end{center}
\end{figure}

		To show the usefulness of the source for bias dependent noise measurements extending up to non-linear regime, low frequency noise experiments were performed on carbon wax-composites. These materials are easily driven into non-linear regime when the voltage across them exceeds a few volts \cite{RKC} only. Using the constant current source and a JFET input PAR113 preamplifier, simultaneous measurement of noise and resistance as function of bias was made in carbon-wax composites and the results are presented in Fig. 7. In the figure it is clearly seen that the decrease of resistance with bias (onset of non-linearity) is picked up by the noise. The noise measurements have been performed over quite a large voltage range spanning over three decades. Bias exponent of noise in the linear range from 20~mV to 1.5~V is found to be around 1.85. This is in accordance with the behavior of bias exponent in disordered systems where  bias exponent of noise $\beta$ might differ\cite{Aip} from 2 even in the ohmic regime. Starting from around 1.5~V when the resistance starts becoming non-linear, the normalized noise magnitude also decreases. This leads to a further decrease of $\beta$ in the non-linear regime as is evident from the figure. The results of Fig. 7 establishes the relevance of bias dependent resistance noise measurement in  providing new insight into the conduction mechanisms of disordered systems extending up to the non linear regime. Using a battery and a ballast resistor as a current source for the above measurement would have required at least 70~V battery source at the highest value of applied voltage across the sample. Measurement of noise in a higher resistance sample would have required huge noise free ballast resistances not commonly available.

 \section{\label{sec:level4} CONCLUSIONS }
In this paper we have addressed the problem of the design of a very low noise constant current source using a very simple and modular circuit configuration capable of supplying currents ranging over a wide range with reasonably high voltage compliance. The flexible design of the source makes it suitable for noise measurements in situations where the resistance varies over a wide range in a single experiment or for bias dependent low frequency noise measurements. The noise performance of the proposed low noise constant current source is much better than those obtained by employing commercial instrumentation. Its greatest advantage lies in it's simple topology, very low cost and extremely low component count.

\begin{acknowledgments}
The authors would like to thank Dwijendra Das for his help in fabricating the prototypes and S. Mukhopadhyaya for providing the NSMO thin film. They would also like to thank the anonymous referees for very useful suggestions.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
ArithmeticOperator add = ^const NSDecimal(NSDecimal op1, NSDecimal op2) {
    NSDecimal result;
    NSDecimalAdd(&result, &op1, &op2, NSRoundPlain);
    return result;
};

ArithmeticOperator subtract = ^const NSDecimal(NSDecimal op1, NSDecimal op2) {
    NSDecimal result;
    NSDecimalSubtract(&result, &op1, &op2, NSRoundPlain);
    return result;
};

ArithmeticOperator multiply = ^const NSDecimal(NSDecimal op1, NSDecimal op2) {
    NSDecimal result;
    NSDecimalMultiply(&result, &op1, &op2, NSRoundPlain);
    return result;
};

ArithmeticOperator divide = ^const NSDecimal(NSDecimal op1, NSDecimal op2) {
    NSDecimal result;
    NSDecimalDivide(&result, &op1, &op2, NSRoundPlain);
    return result;
};

@implementation NSNumber (Arithmetic)

- (NSNumber *)numberByOperator:(ArithmeticOperator)opr rightOperand:(NSNumber *)rightOp {
    if ([[NSDecimalNumber notANumber] isEqualToNumber:rightOp]) return nil;

    @autoreleasepool {
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        return [NSDecimalNumber decimalNumberWithDecimal:roundNum];
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@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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"Our goal has always been to provide the highest quality, comprehensive care in a manner that is respectful, compassionate and based on the latest research and our patients' needs," explains Executive Director Leslie Lascheid.
Open Monday through Friday, the Clinic provides patients one-stop access to general practitioners and specialty clinics for Cardiology, Dermatology, Endocrinology, Otolaryngology (ENT), Hepatology, Lipids, Neurology, Rheumatology, Urology, Hepatitis C, Dental and Gynecology to increase continuity of care while reducing time away from work.
An onsite medication room allows patients to leave appointments with their non-narcotic prescriptions in-hand, increasing adherence and improving health outcomes. Professionals also provide patient education and research projects, including Diabetes Self-Management, Healthy Lifestyles, Breast Health Awareness, Smoking Cessation, Pain Management, Colon Cancer Screening, Social Services, Hepatitis C Treatment and Support.
While patients must fall within specific guidelines to qualify for care, those who do enjoy access to these comprehensive services for a donation of $20 a month, including medication, within the Clinic complex.
Collaborations with Physicians Regional Medical Centers and Physicians Day Surgery, Millennium Physician Group, David Lawrence Mental Health Center and Gastroenterology Group of Naples expand the Clinic's reach even further.
The Neighborhood Health Clinic is a volunteer-driven 501(c)3 not-for-profit organization. For more information on eligibility and services, please call 239.261.6600, or visit www.NeighborhoodHealthClinic.org.


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Harry Roeck-Hansen (né Hansen; 1891–1959) was a Swedish stage and film actor. He was married to the actresses Ester Roeck-Hansen and Ruth Stevens.

Selected filmography
 Thomas Graal's Ward (1922)
 The Counts at Svansta (1924)
 Charles XII (1925)
 Hotel Paradis (1931)
 What Do Men Know? (1933)
 The Marriage Game (1935)
 The Wedding Trip (1936)
 Art for Art's Sake (1938)
 Hanna in Society (1940)
 The Bjorck Family (1940)
 In Paradise (1941)

References

Bibliography
 Klossner, Michael. The Europe of 1500-1815 on Film and Television: A Worldwide Filmography of Over 2550 Works, 1895 Through 2000. McFarland & Company, 2002.

External links

Male actors from Stockholm
1891 births
1959 deaths
Swedish male film actors
Swedish male silent film actors
20th-century Swedish male actors
Swedish male stage actors

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Through The Wall by Anna Bligh (Reviewed by Simone)
As a Queenslander I am very familiar with Anna Bligh, having experienced her reign as Premier of our state for several years. Although not necessarily strongly affiliated with the ALP, I would consider myself a supporter of Anna and was very interested to read her biography.
I was aware that Anna's childhood was not always a happy one and she does not gloss over this fact. However I was very impressed with the balanced way she approached this time of her life - expressing the difficult times she and her mother and siblings experienced with some compassion for her father and his battle with alcoholism. Despite the hardships of her early life Anna also speaks of many happy times and also illustrates how her early love of learning and the determination of her mother that she secure a solid future for herself put her on the path to success.
Like most politicians Anna's rise to the top of her party was not an overnight journey. Starting out in student politics, she worked tirelessly for many years in the lower echelons of the ALP, gradually gaining ground over time. Although her early years were in the 1970s and 1980s, there was still a lot of inequality to deal with and it was inspiring to read about how she dealt with this and continued to soldier on. I learned a lot about the behind the scenes things she did in QLD politics and grew to admire her more knowing these facts.
A fair portion of the book is devoted to the QLD floods of 2011 and Anna details how this massive natural disaster was also a major event in her political and even personal life, being thrust into the world spotlight so firmly. She writes of the personal toll of seeing so much heartache first hand and you can appreciate how under the brave face she put forward was an ordinary and compassionate human being struggling to lead her state through very unchartered territory. She also details the difficult days following the 2012 election defeat and letting go of a political career. It was interesting to learn just how sudden a public life can end but Anna writes of this time in a positive way as she regained the freedom to live the life of a normal citizen again. She does not shy away from her battle with cancer, detailing the disease in all its ugliness but also sharing the mindset she had to adopt to make it through this horrible time.
Although covering some fairly complex subject matter, Through The Wall is written in a very easy to read style. At no time did I feel the story dragged - even through the less interesting political information - and I really don't have much interest in politics at all. It is also not an overly long book, which also helped with the telling of Anna's story.
Overall I thing I most enjoyed getting the know the "real" Anna Bligh and what made this woman tick. As a political leader I think she did great things for women, not just in the political arena but also in the community as well. I would say you do not need to be a Queenslander or even a woman to enjoy this book.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Princess Cruises Starts 2018 Alaska Cruise Season
Modified Date: Mar 12, 2019
Photo By: Princess Cruises
We're in Spring and Summer is almost upon so that means the Alaska cruise season is now starting to increase. Princess Cruises which is the leading cruise line in Alaska has now kicked off the season.
Princess Kicks off Alaska Season
Princess Cruises will have a total of seven ships sailing the region for the Summer and leading the way will be the recently refurbished Golden Princess. The ship has new features and enhancements to proved the best experience while sailing Alaska.
The cruise line os offering guests unique and stunning itineraries, cruise tour options, on-land adventures and a lot more which will enrich Alaska during a Princess Cruise.
Lisa Syme, Princess Cruises vice president, said:
"This year, our guests will be delighted by the newly designed guest experiences highlighting the history of Alaska and its people that adds a unique layer to an already unbelievable cruise vacation."
Alaska Cruise Season Offerings
Let's take a look at what Princess is offering for the ultimate Alaska cruise with good port options and cruise tours.
With 130 departures from Seattle, San Francisco, Los Angeles, Vancouver, B.C. and Whittier featuring unique ports, there are options abound for exploring Alaska in 2018 aboard Princess ships, including:
Voyage of the Glaciers
The most popular Gulf of Alaska sailings between Vancouver, B.C. and Anchorage (Whittier) offered by Princess Cruises features two glacier-viewing experiences on every voyage, with visits to the UNESCO-listed Glacier Bay National Park plus either Hubbard Glacier or College Fjord. These cruises are offered aboard Island Princess, Coral Princess, Star Princess and Golden Princess.
This awe-inspiring part of Alaska, known for its lush scenery and pristine fjords, will be featured on seven-, 10- and 12-day roundtrip voyages from Seattle, San Francisco and for the first time ever, Los Angeles. Ruby and Emerald Princess sail on seven-day cruises roundtrip from Seattle with all Ruby Princess cruises featuring a visit to Glacier Bay National Park. Grand Princess sails out of San Francisco, featuring five departures visiting Glacier Bay. Two 12-day cruises roundtrip from Los Angeles aboard Emerald Princess and Golden Princess will also include Glacier Bay.
Also Read: Princess Cruises to Have Its Largest Alaska Deployment Ever in 2019
Alaska Cruisetours
In addition, cruisetours offer a more immersive experience and the opportunity to visit Denali National Park. Land tours are combined with a seven-day Voyage of the Glaciers cruise and include the company's premier wilderness lodges, exclusive Direct-to-the-Wilderness rail service, plus visits to the top two attractions in Alaska – Glacier Bay National Park and Denali National Park.
Princess offers guests more than 22 cruisetour options in 2018, most featuring multiple nights at Princess-owned and operated wilderness lodges to experience the grandeur of Denali. Guests will once again be able to purchase a pre-paid meal package for the land portion of their vacation in 2018. Options include:
Denali Explorer
The line's most popular cruisetour option, these itineraries feature multiple nights at the Denali Princess Wilderness Lodge and/or Mt. McKinley Princess Wilderness Lodge. Most offer Princess exclusive Direct-to-the-Wilderness rail service between the ship in Whittierand the Denali area all in one day, plus the opportunity to explore Fairbanks and/or Anchorage.
An affordable option for independent-minded travelers, these itineraries offer a flexible way to see the heart of Alaska. Tours follow similar routes as Denali Explorer options, but do not include any pre-planned excursions, giving travelers the opportunity to customize their own experience.
These itineraries are designed to take travelers beyond Denali to sought-after, remote regions of the state such as the Kenai Peninsula and Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve.
The line's highest level of service, these cruisetours provide a truly immersive experience. With a professional tour director, most meals included on land and enhanced sightseeing, guests experience the best of the Great Land.
Also Read: 10 Things You Absolutely Need for Your Alaskan Cruise
Here at Cruise Hive, we hope you have a chance to cruise in Alaska with Princess Cruises. Take a look at the best cruise prices for Alaska and deals.


When it comes to getting behind the wheel of a new FIAT 500L, FIAT 500X or FIAT 124 Spider, Jake Sweeney FIAT is here for you. We carry a wide range of new and pre-owned FIAT vehicles and our expert staff will ensure you drive home in the right one for your needs!
But we're not just about helping you find the right car, we want to ensure it stays running smoothly and safely for years to come. That's why it's important to know some of the fundamentals of engine types, so you can always give your car what it needs. Your most common internal combustion engine combines fuel and oxygen in a combustion chamber in order to apply force, which is eventually converted into the kind of energy that makes the car go.
When it comes to understanding the internal combustion engine, there are a couple vocab words you'll want to know. Engine configurations are created based on the number of cylinders. An inline engine will have the cylinders arranged in a straight line. A v-type engine will have the cylinders arranged in a V dynamic and is more often used for larger cylinder configurations, such as V8, V10 or V12. A cylinder is part of the pump system in which the energy conversion process takes place.
There's a lot of information and expertise that goes into keeping a car running smoothly and safely. But you're not alone! Jake Sweeney FIAT is the local FIAT dealer with a convenient and reliable service and maintenance team here to ensure you and your FIAT vehicle get the care you need. We'll answer all your questions and provide swift, dependable work every time. Don't wait—come on down to visit our inventory and service center in Florence today!


With rates on the rise due to the Federal Reserve's incremental rate increases, consumers appear anxious to borrow while pricing is still favorable and effective deposit management is emerging as a critical component of organizational success. At the upcoming workshops, we'll examine how your institution can respond to these developments to improve performance and position your credit union for long-term success.
Strategies and tactics for cost-effective deposit growth and retention: On the heels of a protracted low-rate environment, consumers will be emphasizing deposit value in their FI decisions for the first time in nearly a decade. We'll discuss how institutions need to be thinking about deposit pricing and products to retain households and grow the organization. We'll also highlight key strategies and tactics for managing a massive wealth transfer that will become increasingly substantial as Baby Boomers age and Millennials become the dominant economic force.
Capitalizing on rising consumer loan demand: For the first time in well over a decade, consumer loan demand has risen significantly. Clearly rising rates are instilling a "fear of missing out" among consumers and improved economic and housing conditions have households in a better position to increase their borrowing. A maturing Millennial generation is also a driving force behind this increased demand as they finally seek to get married, start families and own homes after delaying these life milestones throughout the recovery.
Dealing with continued earnings pressure: While rising rates may portend that net interest margins will improve going forward, the potential for rapid increases in the cost of funds could in fact squeeze margins substantially, at least in the short term. Likewise, traditional sources of non-interest income – such as overdraft and interchange – are no longer growing and operating expenses continue to increase due to technology costs and the changing branch model. At the workshops, we'll talk about strategies for managing the cost of funds, finding new sources of non-interest income and effectively leveraging your investments to improve organizational efficiency.
The key element of this part of the program is the audience discussion. High performers are identified and tactics to improve growth and performance are discussed in an open forum. While discussion is voluntary, these sessions tend to result in a high level of interaction among participants and provide new insights, strategies, and tactics that participants are able to implement at their own financial institutions.


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20 Dec 2018 10:30 AM GMT
US Senate approves "First Step Act"
On December 18, the "First Step Act of 2018" was overwhelmingly approved the US Senate by 87-12 votes. This Act aims at reducing sentences for certain prison inmates, as well as providing for programs to help reduce the risk that prisoners will recidivate upon release from prison and for other purposes. The Bill provides details on the following:•RECIDIVISM REDUCTION - Risk and...
On December 18, the "First Step Act of 2018" was overwhelmingly approved the US Senate by 87-12 votes. This Act aims at reducing sentences for certain prison inmates, as well as providing for programs to help reduce the risk that prisoners will recidivate upon release from prison and for other purposes.
The Bill provides details on the following:
•RECIDIVISM REDUCTION - Risk and needs assessment system, Implementation of system and recommendations by Bureau of Prisons, GAO report, Authorization of appropriations, Rule of construction, Faith-based considerations, Independent Review Committee.
•BUREAU OF PRISONS SECURE FIREARMS STORAGE - Secure firearms storage.
•RESTRAINTS ON PREGNANT PRISONERS PROHIBITED - Use of restraints on prisoners during the period of pregnancy and postpartum recovery prohibited.
•SENTENCING REFORM - Reduce and restrict enhanced sentencing for prior drug felonies, Broadening of existing safety valve, Clarification of section 924(c) of title 18, United States Code, Application of Fair Sentencing Act.
•SECOND CHANCE ACT OF 2007 REAUTHORIZATION - Improvements to existing programs, Audit and accountability of grantees, Federal reentry improvements, Federal interagency reentry coordination, Conference expenditures, Evaluation of the Second Chance Act program, GAO review.
•MISCELLANEOUS CRIMINAL JUSTICE - Placement of prisoners close to families, Home confinement for low-risk prisoners, Federal prisoner reentry initiative reauthorization; modification of imposed term of imprisonment, Identification for returning citizens, Expanding inmate employment through Federal Prison Industries, De-escalation training, Evidence-Based treatment for opioid and heroin abuse, Pilot programs, Ensuring supervision of released sexually dangerous persons, Data collection, Healthcare products, Adult and juvenile collaboration programs, Juvenile solitary confinement.
The Bill also aims to establish programs to head off repeat offenders and protect first-time non-violent offenders from harsh mandatory minimum sentences.
The Bill revises the Controlled Substances Act's harsh drug penalties, including lowering of the "three strikes" rule for drug felons that had sent them to life in prison (now down to 25 years). It also changes the two or more felonies within the rule from any "felony drug offense" to "a serious drug felony or serious violent felony," defined in the text of the bill.
On the Senate Passage of Landmark Criminal Justice Reform Bill, Senator Cory Booker, an original cosponsor of the Bill and a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, said, "Our country's criminal justice system is broken – and it has been broken for decades. You cannot deny justice to any American without it affecting all Americans. That's why the passage of the First Step Act tonight is so meaningful – it begins to right past wrongs that continue to deny justice to millions of Americans."
Sen. Booker added, "This bill is a step forward for our criminal justice system. By no means can it be the only step – it must be the beginning of a long effort to restore justice to our justice system... But for the first time in a long time, with the passage of this bill into law, our country will make a meaningful break from the decades of failed policies that led to mass incarceration, which has cost taxpayers billions of dollars, drained our economy, compromised public safety, hurt our children, and disproportionately harmed communities of color while devaluing the very idea of justice in America."
Also, US President Donald Trump congratulated the Senate on passing the Bill and stated that he looked forward to signing it into law. President Trump said, "This will keep our communities safer, and provide hope and a second chance, to those who earn it. In addition to everything else, billions of dollars will be saved."


Illinois Gov. Bruce Rauner was forced to issue an apology Thursday for contending in an email sent in 2011 that half of Chicago Public Schools teachers "are virtually illiterate" and half of its principals are "incompetent."
Rauner's assertion was revealed Thursday in emails Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel's administration released under a court order.
At the time, Rauner, who was elected in 2014, was a private equity executive and a large donor to the Chicago Public Education Fund, an education reform group. He was discussing future investments by the fund with other billionaire board members, including hedge fund manager Ken Griffin, Ariel investments president Mellody Hobson, businesswoman and current U.S. Commerce Secretary Penny Pritzker, and Helen Zell, whose husband's lucrative real estate dealings funded her family foundation.
In discussing reform in his Dec. 11, 2011, email, Rauner said teacher evaluation is critically important, "but in a massive bureaucracy with a hostile union, where 50% of principals are managerially incompetent and half of teachers are virtually illiterate, a complex multi-dimensional evaluation system with huge subjectivity in it will be attacked, manipulated and marginalized - the status quo will prevail."
Rauner spokesman Lance Trover released a statement Thursday saying the email was sent out of frustration at the pace of change in the public school system.
"The governor regrets writing it and apologizes to CPS educators for making an unfair, untrue comment," the statement said, adding that the email was written "prior to being governor."
Chicago Teachers Union vice president Jesse Sharkey did not immediately return a telephone call seeking comment on the Rauner email.
The Chicago Tribune sought the emails in connection with its reporting about a CPS principal training program at the center of former district Superintendent Barbara Byrd-Bennett's federal fraud conviction last year.
Emanuel previously either redacted some of the messages or withheld them entirely. The Tribune, sued and this week Cook County Circuit Judge Anna Demacopoulos ruled the mayor's office violated Illinois' open records laws and ordered City Hall to turn over the emails.
Rauner, a Republican, has been a frequent public critic of the teachers union and its members since sending the email. During a 2012 teachers strike, Rauner penned an opinion piece for the Tribune saying the strike "provides us all with a clear opportunity to examine the grossly inadequate performances of many public school teachers and highlight and reward the great performances of other teachers."
Rauner said he sat in a CPS math class and watched division being taught incorrectly, and saw standardized test scores of CPS teachers that "indicate many of them aren't even capable of scoring 21 on the ACT."


text:
Q: Is $G=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}:x+y<4\}$ irreflexive?
Let $G=\{(x,y)\in \mathbb{Z}\times\mathbb{Z}:x+y<4\}$
  Is $G$ irreflexive?

I know $<$ is an irreflexive relation. But how to show it?
How do I do this?
The Reflexive and Irreflexive property always gets me.
We might as well look at other properties too.
I can show G is transitive
If $x+y<4$ and $y+z<4$. Then $x+z<4$

A: Since $(1,1) \in G,$ so $G$ is not irreflexive.
Since $(3,3)\notin G,$ so $G$ is not reflexive either.
Since $(1,2),(2,1) \in G$ but $1\neq 2$ so $G$ is not antisymmetric.
$G$ is symmetric because $x+y <4 \implies y+x <4.$
Since $(3,0),(0,3)\in G$ but $(3,3) \notin G,$ so $G$ is not transitive.
You might want to revisit the definitions if you're having trouble in proving these properties.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Most Remote Places On Earth
Are you the one who is drawn towards the exciting and remote locations in the world? If yes, then there are many travelers just like you who love to explore the places which are less crowded, less visited, and are highly remote preserved with beauty.
What a great moment and experience it would be to visit the untouched habitats, lifestyle, and beautiful locations. Doesn't it sound interesting?
Get ready to learn and discover more about these places where most of the fellow travelers haven't visited- the most remote places on earth.
Tristan da Cunha, United Kingdom
It is one of the most remote locations on the earth and is reachable by 7 days boat ride. It has a population of less than 300 and has no restaurants, hotels, or even airports. It is over 2000 miles away from South America and 1700 miles away from South Africa.
Motuo, Tibet
Located in Tibet, it is the hidden gem on earth and is completely lush green. It is not accessible through roads as well and locals are largely dependent on cotton, soybean, and farming paddy.
The only way to reach this location is through a trek for four days.
McMurdo Station, Antarctica
Antarctica is one of the most difficult places to live in the world. With no original inhabitants of its own, it is very tough to survive here. The only visitors in this location are scientists, military members, or artists. McMurdo Station is located at the southern tip of Ross Island and is one of the most remote places on earth.
Ittoqqortoormiit, Greenland
Located in Greenland, this town has approximately 400-450 residents. Naturally, home to seals, walrus, polar bears, and Arctic foxes, it is one of the most remote places on Earth. It was discovered in the year 1925 and offers kayaking experiences to tourists.
Barrow, Alaska
Can you believe, this place stays in dark for over 65 days? Yes, when the sun sets on the Barrow of Alaska, it remains below the horizon almost dark for over two months. Population in this region is less approximately 4,000 and the average high temperature remains below zero. Due to harsh climate and its location, town remains isolated for a long period and is not easily accessible by road.
Palmerston, Cook Islands
It is famously known as the island at the end of the Earth. It is a small, tiny pacific island and is considered one of the most isolated island communities in the world. It has a population of 62 inhabitants and it is not easy to reach here. It takes approximately 9 days to reach via a boat from Tahiti!
Easter Island is part of Chile, but its ancient culture stands apart from any other land. This island is filled with large stones which are carved in shaped of heads. This location is reachable by flights from Santiago, Chile.
These are some of the most mind boggling remote places on our planet earth that they are sometimes easily forgotten by the rest of the world.
Exploring these beautiful locations is a unique and rewarding experience in itself. In our globalized world we are all the time surrounded with big buildings, cities and urban culture that we actually forget how beautiful it is to be surrounded with nature, greenery, waterfalls, rivers and lots more.
Luckily, our planet still has some of the amazing spots in the world that are untouched by human presence and are filled with pristine beauty, calmness and freshness.
Best Places to Eat in Italy
Backpacking through Europe
Reasons why you should visit Manila
©2021 Best Locations Worth Visiting	| Theme: Wordly by SuperbThemes


I will be playing with Krishna Das for his annual Maui Monday "enCHANTing" Evening of Kirtan at the Historic Makawao Union Church.
Affordable Vegetarian Indian Dinner Entrees, Desserts & Chai available beginning @ 5:30pm thru to the end of the Kirtan.
If you buy tickets online you should receive an email confirmation from Eventbrite which you should print out or have ready to show on your mobile device to be scanned as your ticket for entry. NO paper tickets will be mailed.


text:
Draft Rankings
Draft Projections
Jorge Soler
Right Field - Kansas City Royals
Throws: R
Bats: R
Date of Birth: February 25, 1992 (28 years old)
Injury Alert: Oblique. Expected to be out until at least Sep 24
Jorge Soler News
There is no news on Jorge Soler right now.
Rank (All Positions)
Avg Draft Position
Jorge Soler Stats
2014 Season 2015 Season 2016 Season
89 11 26 51 8 1 5 20 6 0 24 1 0 .292 .330 .573 0 0 2
2014 Game Logs
Aug 27 CHC CIN 4 1 2 5 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 .500 .500 1.000 0 0 0
Aug 29 CHC STL 3 2 3 9 0 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 .636 .667 1.000 0 0 0
Sep 1 CHC MIL 4 1 2 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .526 .550 1.000 0 0 0
Sep 5 CHC PIT 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 .400 .424 .867 0 0 1
Sep 8 CHC TOR 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .378 .400 .757 0 0 0
Sep 10 CHC TOR 4 1 1 4 0 0 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 .356 .367 .733 0 0 0
Sep 15 CHC CIN 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .354 .365 .708 0 0 0
Sep 18 CHC LA 4 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 .368 .406 .737 0 0 0
Sep 22 CHC STL 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .338 .373 .676 0 0 0
Sep 26 CHC MIL 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 .321 .360 .630 0 0 0
366 39 96 146 18 1 10 47 32 5 121 3 1 .262 .324 .399 3 0 3
Apr 5 CHC STL 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .000 .000 .000 0 0 0
Apr 10 CHC COL 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 .200 .273 .400 0 0 0
Apr 13 CHC CIN 5 3 3 9 0 0 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 .304 .320 .652 0 0 0
Apr 17 CHC SD 5 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 .294 .359 .529 0 0 0
Apr 20 CHC PIT 5 2 4 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .320 .364 .520 0 0 0
May 1 CHC MIL 4 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .259 .326 .400 0 0 0
May 4 CHC STL 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .266 .333 .404 0 0 0
May 10 CHC MIL 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .280 .331 .432 0 0 0
May 11 CHC NYM 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 .275 .336 .425 0 0 0
May 15 CHC PIT 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 4 2 1 0 0 .272 .344 .404 0 0 0
May 19 CHC SD 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .265 .337 .388 0 0 0
May 22 CHC ARI 6 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .267 .333 .391 0 0 0
May 25 CHC WSH 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 .279 .340 .407 0 0 0
May 29 CHC KC 4 1 1 4 0 0 1 2 0 0 2 0 0 .276 .335 .420 0 0 0
Jun 1 CHC MIA 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 .265 .322 .402 0 0 0
Jul 5 CHC MIA 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .260 .318 .396 0 0 0
Jul 6 CHC STL 3 0 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .267 .322 .405 0 0 0
Jul 10 CHC CWS 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .265 .320 .398 0 0 0
Jul 17 CHC ATL 4 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 .260 .313 .386 0 0 0
Jul 20 CHC CIN 4 0 1 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 .258 .311 .394 0 0 0
Jul 24 CHC PHI 5 1 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .261 .318 .391 0 0 0
Jul 27 CHC COL 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 .258 .313 .383 0 0 0
Jul 30 CHC MIL 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 .257 .311 .382 0 0 0
Aug 1 CHC MIL 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 .262 .316 .384 0 0 0
Aug 4 CHC PIT 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 2 0 2 0 0 .262 .319 .381 0 0 0
Aug 6 CHC SF 4 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 .265 .321 .381 0 0 0
Aug 11 CHC MIL 3 1 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 .271 .330 .386 1 0 0
Aug 15 CHC CWS 5 0 2 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 .270 .327 .379 0 0 0
Aug 18 CHC DET 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .267 .325 .383 0 0 0
Aug 20 CHC ATL 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 .264 .322 .378 0 0 0
Sep 25 CHC PIT 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 .269 .329 .411 0 0 0
Sep 28 CHC KC 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 .264 .323 .401 0 0 0
Oct 3 CHC MIL 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 .262 .324 .399 0 0 0
4 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 .250 .400 .250 0 0 0
Apr 4 CHC LAA 4 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 .250 .400 .250 0 0 0
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Linguist John McWhorter's career combines academics and media, a feat he says requires "two different brains." He is an associate professor in the Department of English and Comparative Language, teaching classes such as "History of the English Language," while also writing regularly for outlets including The New York Times, giving TED Talks about texting, and authoring 19 books on language and race (his most recent was the subject of a lengthy review in the May 15 issue of The New Yorker). McWhorter is also a regular contributor to a biweekly podcast on language and linguistics, "Lexicon Valley," for Slate. He recently spoke to CCT about his love of lists, teaching the Core and the accelerated state of American media.
He joined the College faculty in fall 2008 as an adjunct professor teaching Contemporary Civilization. He had been an associate professor of linguistics at UC Berkeley from 1995 until 2003, then left academia to become a senior fellow at the Manhattan Institute for Policy Research in New York City, writing essays and commentary for the conservative-leaning think tank.
Teaching CC was "something I never thought I would be doing," McWhorter says. He was reading a lot of material for the first time himself, and because the student body was so politicized in 2008 as a result of the Obama phenomenon, it made teaching the course especially interesting. "We learned a lot together," he says.
His latest book, Talking Back, Talking Black: Truths About America's Lingua Franca, a defense and celebration of Black English, generated some controversial reviews. "This is a book that says 'Yes, racism has something to do with why people don't like Black English,' but telling people 'If you don't like Black English you're a racist' doesn't change anybody's mind. It hasn't for the past 50 years," McWhorter says. "The book takes linguistic arguments to say 'Here's why black speech isn't incoherent' and I tried to write it in an accessible way. But for many people the fact that I don't stress the racism is noxious." McWhorter was pleased and surprised to get such an extensive — and positive — review in The New Yorker (writer Vinson Cunningham says "[The author's] intelligent breeziness is the source of the book's considerable charm.").
McWhorter has a sabbatical coming up, but he doesn't have another book in the works. Instead, he plans to concentrate on teaching himself Mandarin. "If you're a language guy in 2017, it's not good enough anymore to talk about Spanish, German and Russian. I need to be able to handle Mandarin," he says. He also wants to listen to more music and watch a lot of movies. Naturally, he has a list.


text:
module Stores {
    export interface KVStore {
        setValue(k: string, v: string): void;
        getValue(k: string): string;
    }
}


text:
Our vast delivery program includes seamless and welded pipes and tubes according to EN, ASTM and API standards, in a wide variety of steel qualities.
Hollow sections
Van Leeuwen holds extensive stocks of hot formed (EN 10210) and cold formed (EN 10219) hollow sections, in various steel grades.
Pipe components
We offer elbows, flanges and fittings like caps, tees, reducers and tailor made components to complete our piping proposition.
Bar steel
We supply round, square, hexagonal and flat barsteel in a broad range of dimensions and steel qualities.
With our assortment of valve products, we specialize in Duplex and Super Duplex qualities for offshore applications.
Our assortment of beams completes our steel proposition to the offshore structurals market.
We supply materials such as cylinder tubes and chrome-plated bars and tubes for hydraulic applications.
Manufacturers of cranes, machines, means of transport and technical equipment use our wide range of products and services.
Our pipe and tube material is used for many steel constructions such as buildings, bridges, sports stadiums and stations.
Pipes, valves, fittings and flanges play a vital role in serving chemical, oil, gas and power companies all over the world.
We are a reliable partner for highly demanding, complex projects in the power generation industry.
We provide customers, from Houston to Dubai to Singapore, with technical advice and high quality materials.
Material treatments
In order to complete our services, we supply a wide range of material treatments.
Testing and inspection
We provide various material tests and inspections.
In order to maintain our competitiveness, we have stocks that meet our customers needs, at strategic locations.
Project Management and MRO
For complex and extensive projects, we compose project dedicated teams.
More and more business is handled digitally or by internet. We are extending our digital services too.
We offer you technical information and documentation about our products, such as norms and steel grades.
Profile and ambitions of the Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group.
Annual report online
The Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group presents its results and milestones annually.
Van Leeuwen publishes press releases on a regular basis.
The Van Leeuwen identity and company values.
Piet van Leeuwen started trading in steel pipes and iron in 1924.
Quality, safety and sustainability.
Management and organization
Members of Supervisory Board, Board and Executive Committee, Staff and Division Management
We offer attractive positions to graduates of intermediate and higher vocational education courses and university graduates.
We offer free to use photographs
A special gift for a valued customer.
Contact details of the Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group Head office.
We have an extensive distribution network worldwide. Here you will find your nearest Van Leeuwen office or warehouse.
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/ Company values
The Van Leeuwen identity
Van Leeuwen is proud of its products and services, its history and the entrepreneurial spirit that has moved the company forward since 1924.
Our company attaches great value to continuity; we look to the long term. In doing so, we constantly focus on our customers and their ambitions; we are customer-oriented. The strength of our worldwide logistics network ensures that we can efficiently deliver our products and services and share and expand our knowledge and experience. This way, we stimulate innovative entrepreneurship. With a single brand name for our company, we want to communicate that we are a strong, global company in the Industry and Energy markets. With our international distribution network with expert people and specialist knowledge we are connected worldwide with our markets, customers and suppliers.
Van Leeuwen Pipe and Tube Group (Zwijndrecht, NL) Van Leeuwen (Zwijndrecht, NL) Van Leeuwen Stainless (Beesd, NL) Van Leeuwen Precision (Deventer, NL) Van Leeuwen (Ulft, NL) Teuling Staal (Zwijndrecht, NL) Van Leeuwen (Vilvoorde, BE) Van Leeuwen (Meyzieu, FR) Van Leeuwen (Le Havre, FR) Van Leeuwen (Paris, FR) Van Leeuwen (Brierley Hill, UK) Van Leeuwen (Middlesbrough, UK) Van Leeuwen (Sheffield, UK) Van Leeuwen (Bury, UK) Van Leeuwen (Tullow, IE) Van Leeuwen (Moers, DE) Van Leeuwen (Buchholz, DE) Van Leeuwen (Vyškov, CZ) Van Leeuwen (Hradec Kralove, CZ) Van Leeuwen (Sosnowiec, PL) Van Leeuwen (Bratislava, SK) Van Leeuwen (NSW, AU) Van Leeuwen (QLD, AU) Van Leeuwen (VIC, AU) Van Leeuwen (WA, AU) Van Leeuwen (SA, AU) Van Leeuwen (Edmonton, CA) Van Leeuwen (Houston, U.S.A.) Van Leeuwen (Singapore, SG) Van Leeuwen (Shanghai, CN) Van Leeuwen (Tianjin, CN) Van Leeuwen (Jakarta, ID) Van Leeuwen (Kuala Lumpur, MY) Van Leeuwen (Kulai, MY) Van Leeuwen (Bangkok, TH) Van Leeuwen (Chonburi, TH) Van Leeuwen (Dubai, UAE) Van Leeuwen (Abu Dhabi, UAE) Van Leeuwen (Doha, QA) United Business Systems Company (UBSCO) Van Leeuwen Pipe & Tube (Muscat, OM) Van Leeuwen Pipe & Tube (Safat, KW) Van Leeuwen (Istanbul, TR) Van Leeuwen GmbH (Essen, DE) Ferrostaal Piping Supply (Zwijndrecht, NL) Wauters S.A. Aciers Speciaux
Phone: +33 4 72 451515
Phone: +33(0)2 35138950
Phone: +44 (0)114 2577577
Phone: +353 (0)59 9181120
Phone: +420(0)491610010
Phone: +420 491 610 081-2
Phone: +61-2-9896 1111
Phone: +1 (0)780469 7410
Phone: +1 281582 3150
Phone: +86 (0)2158311866
Phone: +66 (0)2 655 1022 - 1026
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College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences 
Teaching programs and research sections
Languages, literature and culture
Gender Consortium
College of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences Gender Consortium
 Our research  Our services  Study with us  Our people  Contact us
We are researchers and experts committed to improving gender and development equality.
Our team has a wide range of skills in gender equity policies, gender analysis, gender mainstreaming and gender responsive monitoring and evaluation. The staff and associates of the Gender Consortium have worked on gender and development projects in Australia, Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Mongolia, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Timor-Leste and Vietnam.
We are conducting innovative research to improve gender sensitive policy, planning and project implementation in Australia and the Asia Pacific region. Our research includes:
promoting gender equality in government through gender audits
developing human resource capacity in Vietnam
mainstreaming gender through leadership programs
women and security in the Asia Pacific region
enabling social inclusion through gender and disability good governance
building the capacity of African women leaders.
We offer consultancy services in:
gender analysis and gender mainstreaming capacity development
gender auditing
applied policy research on gender issues
gender-sensitive monitoring and evaluation
gender equitable leadership training.
Contact us 
Real-world impact
The Gender Consortium has had a long partnership with the Vietnam Women's Union and Center of Women and Development. Together we are tackling issues of domestic violence and human trafficking in Vietnam.
Through training workshops, mentoring programs and government aid funding, the Gender Consortium has helped improve the management and delivery of services for women and children.
Graduate Certificate in Gender Mainstreaming and Analysis
The Graduate Certificate in Gender Mainstreaming Policy and Analysis prepares you for careers requiring specialised knowledge in how to integrate gender considerations into policy making and how to design, implement, monitor and evaluate policies, programs and practices.
Students gain an understanding of best practices in gender mainstreaming and analysis enabling them to apply this knowledge in simulated virtual learning environments, the analysis of case studies, research of specific policy focus areas (eg public health, education, economic management, or human resources), or through an action research topic in their workplace.
Skills and knowledge gained from this course are highly valued in public policy environments, including Australian and international governments, and non-government and corporate entities.
Ms Cara Ellickson
Ms Genevieve Chaffey, Administrative Officer.
Email: gm@flinders.edu.au


text:
Home / Shop / Sports / Baseball / Baseballs / Wesley Snipes Signed Baseball Blade – COA JSA
Wesley Snipes Signed Baseball Blade – COA JSA
Total price with Buyers Premium: $90.00
Add Max Bid = 82.5
Add Max Bid = 90.75
SKU: 344104-dis Categories: Entertainment, Autographed, Autographed, Baseball, Baseball, Baseballs, More Collectibles, Sports
Wesley Snipes' prominent film roles include New Jack City (1991), White Men Can't Jump (1992), Passenger 57 (1992), Demolition Man (1993), U.S. Marshals (1998) and the Marvel Comics character Blade in the Blade film trilogy (1998–2004), The Expendables 3 (2014) and for his role on The Player (2015). Snipes was nominated for the Independent Spirit Award for Best Supporting Male for his work in The Waterdance and won the Volpi Cup for Best Actor for his performance in the film One Night Stand.
Presented is an unofficial baseball autographed by Wesley Snipes. He signed it on the sweet spot in black felt tip ("9").
This ball is from one of the largest and most comprehensive collections of autographed baseballs in the world. Altogether they were easily displayable in custom shelf form and alphabetically displayed nonetheless. The choice of medium was visually easy for the encyclopedic collector who put these together. It took several decades to amass these rare autographs of the most prominent entertainers, historical figures, and sports players. It proved quite difficult to acquire autographs of non-ballplayers on such an odd object (a baseball) but diligence proved otherwise and that it's possible. So, now with the collection complete and his shelves empty there's only one thing left to do….bid on this item and start the challenge to see how far you can take it.
Wesley Snipes Signed Baseball Blade
1 review for Wesley Snipes Signed Baseball Blade – COA JSA
Jack McDowell Signed Baseball "'93 AL CY" White Sox – COA MAB
Lili One Sheet Movie Poster
SKU: 298380-fl
President George Bush Signed Photo 8×10 – COA JSA


We serve preschool children ages two through five. We are all year round. Our program provides a balance of child-initiated and teacher directed activities and provide individual, small, and large group learning opportunities. Activities include reading, art, dramatic play, small and gross motor activities, indoor and outdoor play construction, nature exploration, and field trips.
Our teachers focus on several areas to move language development forward for each student. We begin by helping students identify the first sound in a word. As progress is made, we help them identify and name up to 10 letters. It is exciting when students begin to recognize his or her own name and start to write it using letters and shapes that closely resemble letters.
We encourage each student to express a deep curiosity about their surroundings and new objects then encounter. Helping them to stay focused for longer periods of time enhances their executive function. Simple activities are practiced until students can complete the tasks themselves. Continued practice helps them to control impulses with less adult guidence.
Students learn to embrace meaningful interaction with their peers and adults at school. They learn to make friends, express their frustrations appropriately, and share their joy on a daily basis. We promote positive traits and model respect and kindness throughout the day.
My Preschool is unique because we have intentionally set up a room which specializes in physical development. In our physical fitness program, our students embrace healthy living habits. Students learn about their body parts, develop gross motor skills, acquire fine motor, balancing, stretching, and hand-body coordination and meditation in closure and bring the inner peace to the individuals.
Students enrich their vocabulary development through singing, chatting, and oral language. Students are introduced to early literacy skills through read aloud, visual aids and concrete objects. They recognize numbers, colors, and shapes by classifying, sorting and playing games. Technology is also integrated and embed as part of the innovative curriculum to extend their learning.
Students understand and connect cause and effect as they problem solve through play. Students creatively build objects from Legos, blocks, and other toys to help them connect to real life experiences.


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The goal of the BCHS Mentor Program is to provide our students with role models in professional positions who will contribute to their personal development and expand their understanding of the business world and future career opportunities. Our Mentoring Program is honored with over 150 mentors, 23 of which are Alum of BCHS and some have been mentoring our students for over 10 years! The San Antonio and surrounding area large and small corporate community pulls together to reach our future innovative business leaders of BCHS.
The school provides an opportunity for students and mentors to have lunch together on the Business Careers campus approximately once a month from September to May. The student and mentor meet during the student's assigned lunch period. Some months, the school's culinary arts classes prepare the meal; on other months mentors bring lunch for themselves and their mentee.
The BCHS staff will be responsible for pairing students and mentors. Every effort will be made to match students and mentors with similar career or extracurricular interests.
The application process is now open for the 2018-19 school year.
Interested in making a positive impact on our future leaders?
Apply now to be a Mentor! Follow link to complete the application.
All Mentors will need to complete the application as well as the NISD Background check to be accepted.
Would you like to have an opportunity to learn from someone working in the profession which you are interested? Looking to have a professional perspective on what your future career could be like?
If you answered YES, then apply for our 2018-19 Mentor Program.
Mentor Program Student online application and Student/Parent Acknowledgment Form .
You need your NISD account to complete the forms (s#, 4x4).
Return the completed forms to BCHS front office.
All applicants are chosen on a first come first serve basis.
Thank you to all of the many businesses including those listed below, who serve as our Mentors, and represent our supportive community.


text:
Climate change predictions backed by warm past evidence
null | 6 Feb 2015 1:19 PM GMT
According to a new study, records of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere millions of years ago support current predictions on climate change from the...
Washington: According to a new study, records of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere millions of years ago support current predictions on climate change from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
A multinational research team at the University of Southampton has analysed new records showing the CO2 content of the Earth's atmosphere between 2.3 to 3.3 million years ago, over the Pliocene.
During the Pliocene, the Earth was around 2degree C warmer than it is today and atmospheric CO2 levels were around 350-400 parts per million (ppm), similar to the levels reached in recent years.
By studying the relationship between CO2 levels and climate change during a warmer period in Earth's history, the scientists have been able to estimate how the climate will respond to increasing levels of carbon dioxide, a parameter known as climate sensitivity, and also show how it can vary over the long term.
Co-author Gavin Foster said that today the Earth is still adjusting to the recent rapid rise of CO2 caused by human activities, whereas the longer-term Pliocene records document the full response of CO2-related warming.
Foster added that estimates of climate sensitivity lie well within the range of 1.5 to 4.5 degree C increase per CO2 doubling summarised in the latest IPCC report. This suggests that the research community has a sound understanding of what the climate will be like as we move toward a Pliocene-like warmer future caused by human greenhouse gas emissions.
Lead author Miguel Martinez-Boti said that their new records also reveal an important change at around 2.8 million years ago, when levels rapidly dropped to values of about 280 ppm, similar to those seen before the industrial revolution. This caused a dramatic global cooling that initiated the ice-age cycles that have dominated Earth's climate ever since.
Richard Pancost from the University of Bristol Cabot Institute added that when they account for the influence of the ice sheets, they confirm that the Earth's climate changed with a similar sensitivity to overall forcing during both warmer and colder climates.
The findings have been published in Nature.
Current Predictions
Carbon-dioxide


As the days get longer and the temperatures start to rise, people often begin to think about spring cleaning, home improvement projects or even planning their summer vacation. Most of the time, the security of your financial information isn't at the top of your to-do list, but now is a great time to ensure your financial information is secure when making purchases and/or traveling.
Common New Year resolutions include getting healthier or possibly losing weight. In addition to becoming physically and mentally fitter, it is also a good time to focus on becoming stronger financially. This process can begin by taking time to sit down and set some goals to help keep your financial future on track.
Consider these areas to help formulate your financial goals for the year.
By: Greg Taber, Senior Vice President and Area Manager, Consumer Banking, Univest Bank and Trust Co.
Advancements in technology for keyless entry into our cars makes entering and exiting your vehicle much easier. This also brings a false sense of security and a "leave it in the car, it will be fine" mentality. As the holidays are upon us, we often find ourselves loading our car with gifts and other valuables, in addition to, our purse or wallet.
With the holidays fast approaching, your to-do list is probably growing: the food, the decorations, the gifts! While we are all ready for the festive fun the holidays bring, is your money ready as well?
By: Jordan Sowhangar, CFP®, wealth advisor, Univest Investments, Inc.
There are some questions that are asked frequently by clients. If our clients are asking them, it means that others are likely wondering the same thing. Here are the three most common questions asked on a daily basis.
This is the number one universal question. No matter age, income, or financial stability, everyone who steps into the office asks this question. To answer this, we like to suggest the 50/30/20 budgeting rule. What this means is to simply divide your take-home pay into three categories to provide a framework for how that money should be allocated….
The Halloween season is in full swing and there are plenty of ghouls and ghosts out there trying to trick you. Don't let these financial demons sneak up on you!
You build a career and diligently save money in your 401(k) so you can live comfortably in retirement, but do you truly understand what's going on in your retirement investment account? A 2018 survey from the Employee Benefit Research Institute found that three in 10 workers don't know what to do with their retirement savings. Below, are a few common misconceptions to avoid to help get you on the right track when it comes to your retirement efforts.


Satisfy all of your plotter paper needs by buying premium plotter paper from WAB Paper Supply. Our opaque plotter paper is available in 150' and 300' length rolls with multiple width options. This high quality opaque paper features a heavy base and specialized surface treatment offering excellent durability and superior imaging for projects requiring a higher quality plotter print or image. Check out our 24# Opaque Bond 11" x 150' (2" core) Plotter Paper and our 24# Opaque Bond 42" x 300' (2" core) Plotter Paper and everything in between.
Our premium opaque bond plotter paper is also available in plotter paper sheets. Contact WAB Paper Supply today to ask about our plotter paper and plotter printing supplies.


One thing that is important on the farm is transportation – in the form of our farm trucks. From depositing coolers in the proper fields for the next day's harvest to delivering restaurant orders to dumping compost in the compost pile at the end of the harvest day, these vehicles are crucial to maintaining working order on and off the farm. The big white beast you see at the CSA pickups is our market truck. This truck, an old '83 GMC, weighing in at over 23,000 pounds and about 25 feet long, can hold close to 75 of the large white coolers and is responsible for carrying the contents of our CSA shares to our pickups 3 days a week and all the produce to the market on Saturdays. I, being a vintage one year older, but of a much smaller stature, am responsible for driving her to and from the pickups with all the freshly harvested veggies.
Learning to drive such a large old vehicle was a daunting task, but I have grown to like the tri-weekly event. Before each outing, I go through a check list. First, check the headlights and turn signals, among a few other items, to assure all are in working order. Check the oil and fuel level and fill if needed.
Though old and sometimes temperamental, there is a finesse in driving this large truck. Getting her to start may require pulling out the choke, give her two pumps from the gas pedal, but not much more or risk flooding the engine (which I am guilty of on occasion). From inside the cab, when the truck turns over, I think it sounds much larger and meaner than from the outside. As I drive, I am aware of every sound, especially if there is a new one, and I constantly check my periphery in the mirrors. When I shift, I listen to the engine and watch the RPMs to be sure I don't shift too late and push the engine too hard. This year, with a new clutch, shifting is much easier and doesn't require me putting my whole body weight behind my foot.
There is always a little bit of relief when I pull into the pickup sites. The target time to arrive is around 3pm, which gives us about an hour to unload the contents of the truck. Set up of the tents and tables. Weigh the greens, like lettuce, arugula and sorrel and get ready for the 4pm pick up time. We'll see you this week!


Since the release of his second album entitled, 'Mr. Fantastik' in 1997 Sunny Neji name has been a house-hold name in the Nigerian entertainment industry. Born in the mid 60s to a military man and a business woman, Sunny Neji grew up in Lagos and Ogoja his home town in Cross Rivers State.
In an exclusive interview with Taiwo Obatusin of www.nollywoodgists.com Sunny Neji spoke on how he got into music, the brand Sunny Neji and some other issues.
Those days in the village, my father used to be the chief of various traditional dance groups. Basically I grew up in the midst of drumming and dancing and I was a member of the cultural troupe. After my primary school education, I came back to Lagos to live with my elder brother. He was a music collector and music lover. He listened to every good music. Living with him exposed me to contemporary music and I got to know a lot of artistes and their works. This made me interested in music. By the time I was in the secondary school, I started writing my own songs. After my secondary school education I started writing my own songs. After my secondary school education I tried recording on demonstration tapes. By the time I gained admission into Yaba Colloge of Technology to study fashion designing I had started recording on master tapes and going from one recording company to see if I could be signed on. Eventually I was signed on by EMI Nigeria and the recording company released my debut album entiled 'Captain' in 1991.
Sunny Neji has been around for a while. The decision to brand myself was timely. I and my management team, Now Muzik realized there is a need to work with an agency which specializes in branding and its management. Hence we went into agreement with Abstract, a reputable public relations company. We felt Sunny Neji has come of age, paid his dues and it was time for him to be known and branded properly for bigger and greater things. The brand Sunny Neji was unveiled by Governor Donald Duke of Cross Rivers State in August 2006. It is interesting to know that the brand Sunny Neji is the face and icon of Obudu Cattle Ranch in Cross Rivers State where I shot the entire video of my latest album. The brand Sunny Neji has also been the face of some fruit drinks in the country.
One of your popular tracks 'Oruka' has continued to make waves despite the fact that it was released about three years ago. What do you think I responsible for this?
'Oruka' was a track in the album 'Unchained'. The track 'Oruka' has continued to play a significant role in the romantic view of Nigerians and a lot of people love the music to be played on their wedding day. Some people told me that they had to speed up their wedding plans because of 'Oruka'. Hitherto Nigerian women have been complaining that Nigerian men are not romantic. Hence I saw the need to do something about that and encourage the men, hence I wrote and composed 'Oruka'.
What is the reaction of your fans to your latest effort 'Off Da Hook'?
It has been interesting and mixed feelings feed backs. Some people are of the opinion that it is a drastic change from the style of Sunny Neji while some are of the opinion that it is really 'Off Da Hook'.
Basically, I respect everyone's view about the album and we are recording good sales.
I relax when I am making music. I don't see music as work. It helps me to relax my nerves.
My best meal is pounded yam with afang soup.
I like all the colours of the rainbow. My choice of colours really depends on my mood.
I like to thank my fans. They have been very supportive and have contributed immensely to my success. I thank God for their lives.


text:
Home Cryptocurrency
Parth Vig
Iran Challenges US By The Usage Of The Cryptocurrency
Iran has continuously been using the Crypto assets for the legal transaction to evade the barriers.
Hassan Rouhani's wanted to launch its national cryptocurrency and just a month later it was reported that the government has already outlined the guidelines for the National currency.
Iranian Nuclear Deal, the European Union launched Instex for the transaction purpose between Europe and Iran.
What if one of the World's superpowers, the US, is defeated in terms of the economy? Well, this is something which Iran is planning to do in the next few years. The US has imposed certain economic sanctions which have led to the shrinking of the Iranian economy by up to 10% to 20%.
To this, Iran has continuously been using the Crypto assets for the legal transaction to evade the barriers. This cryptocurrency, according to them, would help their economy to attain heights to such an extent that it may even surpass the US economy. The country has always been interested in Crypto assets other than the traditional banking system.
The President of Iran in 2018, Hassan Rouhani's, said that he wanted to launch its national cryptocurrency and just a month later it was reported that the government has already outlined the guidelines for the National currency. Also, it has been made clear that the digital currency would be backed by Rial (the traditional currency of Iran).
At the Digital payments conference last year it was already said that there are numerous blockchain projects which have been under construction for the development of the technology.
Of these, one of the projects has been under the check by the four Iranian Banks. Also, another move of the Iranian govt. It has to promote the usage of the cryptocurrencies at the level of the commons as well.
In a survey of 2019 amongst the 1650 Iranians, almost 25% of the people were making a pretty good income from $500 to $3,000 per month. Iran also has planned to teach more of the mining process and has made it a legal activity in the country, for the economic sector of Iran is seen to flourish.
The country has also seen many others from various industries for the collab via blockchain. People from Sweden, Switzerland, South Africa, France, England, Russia, Austria, Germany, and Bosnia-Herzegovina have come together for the upliftment of the blockchain technology.
Moreover, as per the Iranian Nuclear Deal, the European Union launched Instex for the transaction purpose between Europe and Iran. In the US in 2018, the Treasury Department's Office of Foreign Assets Control added two Iranian Bitcoin accounts in the Specially Designated Nationals List.
Though there had been cases of scams such as the one of the Silk Road Case, the regions of Venezuela and Iran have been the significant crypto usage platforms for the massive regulation sector.
Lastly, when talking about the DeFi projects, they have also benefited the government of Iran for borrowing from the global markets. This would be done at a much cheaper rate than those inside Iran, as of now.
The decentralized exchanges could also help to convert the crypto into the fiat, something which cannot be controlled by outside regulators. Thus Iran sees the cryptocurrencies as a way that can elevate Iran as the next supergiant and which could defeat the US.
Parth Vig is a Management student, and a keen observer of Cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, his interest in writing brings him to thecoinrepublic.com, He believes that he has many ideas that he pens down and he feels it would be a great asset for any kind of creative writing.
Russian Livecoin closes system post hack
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Damian Jones has been engaged to lead a complex international network transformation programme.
Damian Jones is implementing a PCI-DSS compliant telephony solution for RBS.
Damian Jones is working with RBS to consolidate and improve telephony services.
Damian Jones is providing programme and project management to Sky to develop a web application to provide billing, customer insight, and product assurance; deprecating the existing CRM platform in the process.
Damian Jones is leading a project for Sky to upgrade the engineer scheduling platform.
Damian Jones Consulting offers independent consultancy services to multi-national corporates and SME's. With a rapidly changing business landscape, it is necessary for businesses today to establish their brand as the best in the market and at the same time transform their systems to support and launch new services continuously across multiple channels of communication.
Delivering innovative programmes from inception to delivery, and preparing for change; maximising return and minimising risk.
Specialist knowledge of suppliers, system capability and new technologies.
Strategic planning and client support in major business development initiatives, including strategic review, contract negotiations, and technical evaluation.
Experience in technical design, procurement, and solution deployment gives Damian Jones a unique ability to follow through planning advice into successful execution; enabling clients to enhance loyalty and customer satisfaction by transforming customer contact processes and systems.
Damian Jones assists clients in preparing for major organisational change or project implementation; helping maximise returns and minimise risk by using a depth and breadth of experience in Telecoms and IT. We work to understand the business requirements, and tailor the approach to deliver the programme or project.
Damian Jones was engaged by a leading energy supplier within a business transformation programme for residential customers and small businesses. The business operates five customer contact centres and receives up to 18,000 calls in the busy hour.
Red Hot Property.co.uk are a rapidly expanding firm of estate agents who provide a dramatically alternative approach towards marketing and selling a property. Damian Jones provided technical and procurement advice for an infrastructure expansion project.


text:
Ceraspis vestita är en skalbaggsart som beskrevs av Blanchard 1850. Ceraspis vestita ingår i släktet Ceraspis och familjen Melolonthidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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