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demonstrated Collé techniques using Japanese and Chinese paper and rice paste.
The final print of nine parts is assembled in Jenny's studio in San Francisco.
Note: The prints is upside down drying, the chair is a good reference for scale.


text:
#region Copyright
//=======================================================================================
// Microsoft Azure Customer Advisory Team
//
// This sample is supplemental to the technical guidance published on my personal
// blog at http://blogs.msdn.com/b/paolos/.
//
// Author: Paolo Salvatori
//=======================================================================================
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
//
// LICENSED UNDER THE APACHE LICENSE, VERSION 2.0 (THE "LICENSE"); YOU MAY NOT USE THESE
// FILES EXCEPT IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE LICENSE. YOU MAY OBTAIN A COPY OF THE LICENSE AT
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
// UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING, SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTED UNDER THE
// LICENSE IS DISTRIBUTED ON AN "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY
// KIND, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. SEE THE LICENSE FOR THE SPECIFIC LANGUAGE GOVERNING
// PERMISSIONS AND LIMITATIONS UNDER THE LICENSE.
//=======================================================================================
#endregion

#region Using Directives

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Diagnostics.Eventing.Reader;
using System.Globalization;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
#endregion

namespace Microsoft.WindowsAzure.CAT.ServiceBusExplorer
{
    public class MetricInfo
    {
        #region Private Constants
        //***************************
        // Formats
        //***************************
        private const string ExceptionFormat = "Exception: {0}";
        private const string InnerExceptionFormat = "InnerException: {0}";
        private const string RetrievingMetricsFormat = "Retrieving metrics for the [{0}] entity...";
        private const string NoMetricRetrievedFormat = "No metric was retrieved for the [{0}] entity. Check the subscriptionId and certificateThumbprint settings in the configuration file.";
        private const string MetricSuccessfullyRetrievedFormat = "[{0}] metrics successfully retrieved for the [{1}] entity.";
        private const string NoSubscriptionIdOrCertificateThumbprint = "Warning: the subscriptionId or certificateThumbprint settings are not defined in the configuration file.\n\rSpecify your Azure subscription ID and the thumbprint of an Azure management certificate in the local machine or current user store, if you want to use entity metrics.";

        //***************************
        // Entities
        //***************************
        private const string QueueEntity = "Queue";
        private const string TopicEntity = "Topic";
        private const string SubscriptionEntity = "Subscription";
        private const string EventHubEntity = "Event Hub";
        private const string ConsumerGroupEntity = "Consumer Group";
        private const string NotificationHubEntity = "Notification Hub";
        private const string RelayEntity = "Relay";

        //***************************
        // Constants
        //***************************
        private const string QueueEntities = "queues";
        private const string TopicEntities = "topics";
        private const string EventHubEntities = "eventhubs";
        private const string NotificationHubEntities = "notificationhubs";
        private const string RelayEntities = "relays";
        #endregion

        #region Public Instance Properties
        public string DisplayName { get; set; }
        public string Name { get; set; }
        public string Unit { get; set; }
        public string PrimaryAggregation { get; set; }
        public List<Rollup> Rollups { get; set; }
        #endregion

        #region Public Static Constructor
        static MetricInfo()
        {
            EntityMetricDictionary = new Dictionary<string, BindingList<MetricInfo>>();
        }
        #endregion

        #region Private Static Fields

        private static readonly Dictionary<string, string> entityToUrlSegmentMapDictionary = new Dictionary<string, string>
        {
            {QueueEntity, QueueEntities},
            {TopicEntity, TopicEntities},
            {SubscriptionEntity, TopicEntities},
            {EventHubEntity, EventHubEntities},
            {ConsumerGroupEntity, EventHubEntities},
            {NotificationHubEntity, NotificationHubEntities},
            {RelayEntity, RelayEntities}
        };

        private static bool warningShown;
        private static bool retrieveMetrics = true;
        #endregion

        #region Public Static Properties
        public static Dictionary<string, BindingList<MetricInfo>> EntityMetricDictionary { get; private set; }
        #endregion

        #region Public Static Properties

        public async static Task GetMetricInfoListAsync(string ns, string entityType, string entityPath)
        {
            try
            {
                if (!retrieveMetrics)
                {
                    return;
                }
                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ns) ||
                string.IsNullOrEmpty(entityType) ||
                string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entityPath) ||
                !entityToUrlSegmentMapDictionary.ContainsKey(entityType) ||
                EntityMetricDictionary.ContainsKey(entityType))
                {
                    return;
                }
                if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MainForm.SingletonMainForm.SubscriptionId) ||
                    string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(MainForm.SingletonMainForm.CertificateThumbprint))
                {
                    if (!warningShown)
                    {
                        Trace.WriteLine(NoSubscriptionIdOrCertificateThumbprint);
                        warningShown = true;
                    }
                    return;
                }
                Trace.WriteLine(string.Format(RetrievingMetricsFormat, entityType));
                var uri = MetricHelper.BuildUriForDataPointDiscoveryQuery(MainForm.SingletonMainForm.SubscriptionId,
                                                                          ns,
                                                                          entityToUrlSegmentMapDictionary[entityType],
                                                                          entityPath);
                var enumerable = await MetricHelper.GetSupportedMetricsAsync(uri, MainForm.SingletonMainForm.CertificateThumbprint);
                if (enumerable == null)
                {
                    retrieveMetrics = false;
                    Trace.WriteLine(string.Format(NoMetricRetrievedFormat, entityType));
                    return;
                }
                var metricInfoList = enumerable.ToList();
                var count = metricInfoList.Count;
                metricInfoList.Insert(0, new MetricInfo { DisplayName = "All", Name = "all", Unit = "Requests", PrimaryAggregation = "Total" });
                foreach (var item in metricInfoList)
                {
                    item.DisplayName = CultureInfo.CurrentCulture.TextInfo.ToTitleCase(item.DisplayName.Replace('.', ' '));
                }
                if (!metricInfoList.Any())
                {
                    return;
                }
                EntityMetricDictionary[entityType] = new BindingList<MetricInfo>(metricInfoList.ToList())
                {
                    AllowEdit = true,
                    AllowNew = true,
                    AllowRemove = true
                };
                Trace.WriteLine(string.Format(MetricSuccessfullyRetrievedFormat, count, entityType));
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                HandleException(ex);
            }
        }
        #endregion

        #region Private Static Methods
        private static void HandleException(Exception ex)
        {
            if (ex == null || string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ex.Message))
            {
                return;
            }
            Trace.WriteLine(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, ExceptionFormat, ex.Message));
            if (ex.InnerException != null && !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(ex.InnerException.Message))
            {
                Trace.WriteLine(string.Format(CultureInfo.CurrentCulture, InnerExceptionFormat, ex.InnerException.Message));
            }
        }
        #endregion
    }

    public class Rollup
    {
        public TimeSpan TimeGrain { get; set; }
        public TimeSpan Retention { get; set; }
        public ICollection<MetricValue> Values { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


About an hour before cooking, whisk the eggs, flour and five spice together with a wire whisk until the mixture is smooth. Chill in the fridge until it is needed.
Meanwhile, cut the crocodile tail fillet in half widthways and then cut each half into inch wide strips.
Dust each crocodile strip with flour and then dip in the egg mixture.
Deep fry the crocodile strips until they are golden brown.
Drain on kitchen paper, set aside and keep warm.
Take the mango pulp and put it in a blender. Blend until smooth and return to the pan.
Add the cinnamon, honey, soy and ginger and mix well. Simmer gently until the sauce is thick. Taste and adjust seasoning.


text:
The BBC's Launched a New Consultation About Keeping Things on iPlayer for Longer
We hear a lot of talk from the traditional terrestrial channels about trying to compete with the likes of Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, because nobody wants to watch things at a pre-determined time they have to look up in the Radio Times. The BBC, ITV, and Channel 4 have even talked about joining forces for a super streaming service to better compete, though that's not what this story is about.
Now the BBC wants to make some changes to iPlayer, and being the publicly-funded broadcaster that it is it's asking the public what they think. Those of you who resent the TV Licence may be hoping that the BBC will offer a monthly iPlayer subscription, but this is not that. This consultation is about keeping content on iPlayer for 12 months, rather than the usual 30 days. It also wants more archive content, and complete boxsets of "new and returning series", giving you more chances to binge-watch everything to your hearts content.
Who can say no to that? Especially if it's all wrapped up in the same licence fee as before. Still, Ofcom has decided it's "a material change" to the BBC's public services, and therefore has to undertake a Public Interest Test to work out its value and how it might affect the competition. The competition thing might be the clincher, because only a fool would decline the chance to watch stuff on iPlayer beyond the current 30 day limit.
Sadly the consultation isn't an online form for you to fill in, and instead you'll have to download the consultation document and answer some questions by sending your answers to the BBC yourself. You can do that by emailing them to publicinterest.test@bbc.co.uk, or posting them to BBC Corporate Affairs, Room 5045, BBC Broadcasting House, Portland Place, London, W1A 1AA. Just in case you fancy spending money on an envelope and stamp.
The document has lots of information about why the BBC would like to do this, which is 18 pages long and might be worth reading, but we've pasted the important bit below:
Question 1: What do you think about the potential public value of our proposals for enhanced availability of BBC content, including the extent to which our proposals contribute to the BBC's mission to serve all audiences through the provision of high quality and distinctive output and services which informs, educates and entertains?
Question 2: What do you think about the benefit to consumers who will use the service, as well as wider potential social and cultural impacts?
Question 3: What impact (positive or negative) do you think our proposals on enhanced availability might have on fair and effective competition?
Question 4: Are there any steps you think we could take to minimise any potential negative effects on fair and effective competition or to promote potential positive impacts?
The consultation runs from today until 15th February. [Radio Times]
Tom Pritchard

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The DXRacer OH/FH08/NR has gained immense popularity among competitive gamers because of it's comfortable and flexible design. The chair allows a great gaming experience without leaving you with neck and back pain.
In addition, the 3D adjustable armrests can move in 3 directions and provide the support that your arms need at any level you please.
Lastly, the conventional tilt mechanism of the OH/FH08/NR is designed for optimum comfort, allowing you to set the perfect height to align yourself with your monitor.


At the Long Island Aquarium in Riverhead, "Mermaid Mondays" last through Labor Day.
A recent summer day found Nicole Oliva sitting at the edge of her swimming pool in Holbrook, not dangling her feet over the water's edge but wriggling, twisting and willing her legs — slathered in hair conditioner — into a 30-pound silicone mermaid tail.
Step 1: Oliva spreads the tail out on a mat in front of her, positioning it so that she can finesse her way into it.
Step 2: She applies the conditioner to both legs, from her feet to her thighs.
Step 3: Oliva sits poolside and puts one leg at a time into the tail, pushing her feet into the monofin at the end that resembles a flipper.
Step 4: With her pelvis raised off the ground and her elbows planted on the mat, she pulls the mermaid tail up from her knees toward her waist.
Step 5: The shimmying begins, as Oliva adjusts the tail to her contours and pulls at the silicone until it is wrinkle-free.
Oliva said she knows when she's done based on how the tail feels against her skin. What used to require a half hour now takes Oliva a little less than 10 minutes.
For some, the magical world of mermaids means more than an animated Disney character. It's a lifestyle that encourages camaraderie and a sense of belonging. That was so much the case for Oliva that in 2016 she started a Facebook page and created a pod — a group of men and women who perform or practice as mermaids and mermen — that has grown from seven people to about 30 active members on Long Island.
Six years ago, while designing a costume, Oliva set out to create her own mermaid's tail. Her research and Google searches revealed an entire community of mermaids, in pods from North Carolina to Singapore and at mermaid festivals that have sprung up in Michigan, Georgia and North Carolina and include the annual and long-running Mermaid Parade on Coney Island.
Oliva's pod meets every other month for group swims at aquatic facilities, public pools or members' homes. They practice technical swimming and theatrical performance stunts, such as front and back flips, barrel rolls and fluke stands — which involve them standing on the tip of their mermaid tail.
They also work on making underwater bubble rings, bubble hearts and bubble kisses that are part of their shows at the Long Island Aquarium in Riverhead. On "Mermaid Mondays," from July to Labor Day, visitors can pay $39.95 to swim with the mermaids in one of four daily sessions or interact with them on dry land during meet-and-greets.
In the real-life mermaid world, pod members have alternate identities and speak in mermaid jargon. Oliva goes by the name Mermaid Aria, and others are known as Mermaid Marina, Mermaid Caylis and Mermaid Rose. Helpers or assistants are known as mer-tenders, boyfriends are merwranglers, and if you are a member of the mermaid collective, you are merfolk.
Kai Wagner, 27, who identifies as a transgender man, joined the Long Island pod three years ago but has been interested in the mermaid lifestyle for five years. The Lindenhurst resident has gender-specific mermaid personas. As a woman, she is Mermaid Pearl, as a man he is Merman Atlas.
"I love the aesthetics of both lady mermaids and male mermaids," said Wagner, who owns and operates Spoonful of Sugar Entertainment, a staffing agency that provides mermaid and princess personas for private events, birthday parties and the Long Island Aquarium.
His company employs four mermaids, plus Wagner, at the aquarium in Riverhead, all of whom belong to a micro-pod within the larger Long Island pod. Mermaid Mondays began in 2016 and attract visitors from as far away as New Jersey, said Darlene Puntillo, the aquarium's spokeswoman.
"We've also introduced a dry meet-and-greet, which has been very popular among young girls," Puntillo said.
The aquarium mermaids said their relationships extend beyond just being co-workers.
"It brings everyone together," said Daniella Tiranno, 26, of Bayport, who recalled having to lie face down as her co-worker wrestled with the zipper on the back of her mermaid tail.
The first time Tiranno, aka Mermaid Marina, tried on her tail, she said it didn't register that she wouldn't be able to walk, and she quickly fell to the mercy of her mertenders.
"It feels good to swim with people you know and trust," she said.
Though Oliva's pod is relatively new to Long Island, the world is well-familiar with mermaids. Half-man, half-fish legends date to Greek mythology, with characters such as Triton, the fish-tailed sea god. Jules Verne's 1870s novel, "Twenty Thousand Leagues Under the Sea," also featured underwater creatures that resemble men. Modern-day mermaid enthusiasts also take inspiration from the 1950s, when Disneyland employed eight mermaids to launch the new Submarine Voyage attraction in California, and more recently from Hannah Mermaid and Mermaid Kariel, who have been featured in a national advertising campaign for Atlantis Paradise Island, a resort in the Bahamas.
Long Island's pod of mermaids gets together once a month to craft headdresses and shell bikini tops or teach each other tricks. Their "second skin" usually consists of neoprene, silicone and spandex. Tails can weigh up to 60 pounds and range from $100 to $4,000. Some mermaids use monofins, a finlike rubber or plastic accessory that fits inside the fin portion of the mermaid's tail and helps them swim underwater.
Many of the mermaids purchase their tails but create their own shell bikini tops for a more hands-on approach. Crafting is a big part of the mermaid lifestyle and allows merfolk bonding time with one another. The process of making a top begins by applying a thick acrylic paint to the lion's-paw shells. Next, iridescent faux gemstones are affixed with an adhesive. In the final stages, a waterproof sealant is applied and then a decorative strap using fishnets, imitation pearls or flowers to keep the top in place.
Sinead Atkinson, 26, of Hauppauge, is a substitute teacher and a member of the Long Island pod. Her elaborate, 26-pound tail is a silicone and neoprene hybrid with iridescent, multicolored resin scales that she bought used for $950 (it would have cost $1,500 if purchased new). Like many of her fellow mermaids, Atkinson — she was a student at SUNY New Paltz when she discovered a video of someone making a mermaid tail out of spandex — has a background in theater and costume design.
For Hannah Palmer, 31, who last year moved from Aurora, Colorado, to Hicksville, with a stop in Florida, camaraderie and her new pod family are everything. She said she applied dozens of times to be a princess at Disney World in Orlando, Florida, before she "finned-up" last year for her first mermaid swim at a birthday party for a 1-year-old.
"I got in the water and was like, 'Oh, this is where I have always been meant to be,' " said Palmer, who is known as Mermaid Meara.
Members of the pod said relatives, friends and co-workers have been supportive of their mermaid personas.
Breathing techniques are just as important as the athleticism, and the ability to hold your breath is key as a performer. Wagner said he can hold his breath for 90 seconds, enough time for him to swim a lap in an Olympic-size pool or 50 meters.
Aside from the rigors of performance, being a mermaid has helped some in the Long Island pod to overcome life challenges.
Mary Grecco, 26, said she turned to swimming and video games as early as elementary school to cope with being bullied. The combination, along with her childhood fascination with the movies "Splash" and "The Little Mermaid," pulled her into a life a mermaiding, she said.
"My demons tried to drown me, but they did not know I could breathe underwater," said Grecco, who lives in Centereach and credits the mermaid community for helping her feel better about herself.
She goes by the name Mermaid Rose and works with children with disabilities.
The mermaids in Long Island's pod all agree that children are their biggest advocates and fans.
"You believe you are a mermaid, but they convince you," Wagner said.
And for those who remain unconvinced? "I just give them a little splash with my tail," he said.


In each of the project, you will be given a problem statement and data set to try. All the steps of problem solving are included here. Data exploration, data validation and data cleaning. Model building. All the possible models will be built and compared. Model validation and model selection. Each project has been explained in depth. Code is also available for your reference.


Click Here to confirm your eligibility to purchase online.
AIG Australia Mature Age Travel Insurance is available and valid only for travellers aged 70 years and over at the date of departure.
Travellers aged under 70 years of age should refer to our AIG Australia Multi Trip, International and Domestic Travel Insurance Policy.
If you require cover outside of the above conditions, you will need to contact us for an assessment. alert(iia); Please call 1800 008 473 and speak to our Medical Assessments Desk. They will need to know your age, destination and dates of travel. Once the assessment has been completed and an acceptance number provided, you will need to purchase your policy by phone from AIG customer service on 1800 017 682.
If you have any existing health disorders for which you would like to apply for cover, they will take you through the process to determine whether we are able to provide you with cover for the disorder. Please click on the Medical Conditions tab, above, for more information about this process and associated fee.


Footloose at the Theatre Royal, Brighton. Luke Baker as Ren McCormack with the cast in the background.
Ok, so the American accents might have been a bit shaky at times, sometimes sounding like the characters would be more at home in Dublin than West Virginia.
But it was easy to overlook the linguistics thanks to the high-octane, highly entertaining performance of Footloose that was given at the Theatre Royal, Brighton last night.
The first show in a week-long run, the action takes place in a small town where dancing has been banned, much to the irritation of the younger generation.
The overbearing Rev Moore (Nigel Lister) wants to keep the moral compass of the town's youth on the straight and narrow, in the wake of an accident where four teenagers were killed in a car crash.
But the arrival of Ren (Luke Baker) from out-of-town, marks the beginning of a backlash against the reverend's authoritarian reach over all aspects of life, culminating in a bid for a dance party to be staged at the high school.
While there are very few sets employed on stage, the action is ever-changing as the actors play all the music for the songs live on stage.
The multi-talented performers are also all adept dancers, and it's great to see each of them drift on and off the two on-stage keyboards, head over to pick up an oboe, complete a complex dance routine, sing a song, then pick up the trumpet for a show-stopping finale.
Stand-out performances came from Hannah Price, as Ariel, who belted out the show's 80s hits, while Joanna Sawyer was fantastic as the ditsy and endearing Rusty.
The 'big names' in the show are Gareth Gates, who plays nice-but-dim Willard, who makes up for what he lacks in intelligence with savvy life-lessons learned from his 'mama'.
He gives a confident performance, which even sees him stripping down to a pair of denim hotpants and grinding around on the bonnet of a car.
Slightly more subdued is the role of Vi Moore/Principal Clarke, taken on by Maureen Nolan – one of the Irish clan.
Her performance is assured, and it was especially lovely to see her joining in with the finale dance moves so enthusiastically, but I did feel her voice was slightly overshadowed by others when she was a part of duets.
Thanks to the hard work and adept role sharing of the 17 principal cast members, Footloose has the energy of a big-budget West End show with at least double the number of performers.
And with plenty of well-known hits to keep your toes tapping, you can't fail to have a great time.
For tickets, call 0844 871 7650 (booking fees apply).


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Delight your guests this holiday season with this easy Slow Cooker Parmesan Creamed Corn Recipe! Perfect for the Christmas Dinner table and any comfort food meal this season!
How are your Christmas lists going folks? I have to admit I have quite a bit of shopping left to do. Oh, and the kids still want to have a meet and greet with Santa. And those neighbor presents still need to be delivered. It'll get done eventually… Right?
What have I done? Well, I've got my Christmas Eve Menu down pat. Step aside gifts and cards, Santas and stockings. I'm excited about Christmas food! My mom hosts our actual Christmas dinner, but I get to do Christmas Eve and morning for my family at our house and planning for these meals makes me feel all warm and fuzzy on the inside.
Christmas cooking is all about comfort foods and favorites that we don't usually treat ourselves to during the year. Everyone in my family has a holiday "favorite," and I'm happy to indulge. (Within limits, BoBo.) There's roasted brussels sprouts for my husband, Sausage and Egg Casserole for my dad. And, creamed corn for Aunt GiGi and Uncle BoBo.
Creamed corn is the newest addition to our holiday feasts, but one that I've quickly become accustomed to! As it's not a recipe that has been vetted by decades of Christmas dinners, I've been playing around with different recipes and think I've finally settled on a favorite, using the slow cooker, Kraft Philadelphia Cream Cheese and a secret ingredient… a Parmesan cheese rind!
Yup! This Slow Cooker Parmesan Creamed Corn is easy-peasy and sure to wow your guests this holiday season, or any time of year, really!
In a slow cooker, mix corn, milk, sugar, salt and pepper. On top of the mixture add the cheese rind (not the grated cheese!), cream cheese and butter. Place lid on slow cooker and cook on high for 2-3 hours.
Remove Parmesan rind from the mixture and stir thoroughly. Mix in the Parmesan cheese. Return the lid and cook for another 30 minutes on low. Serve immediately.
Click here to save on a variety of Kraft ingredients at Walmart, including a $1.00 off two Philadelphia Cream Cheese.
Will you be using the slow cooker for holiday cooking? What's your favorite Christmas slow cooker recipe?
Yum. I am adding this one to our Christmas Eve menu! Thanks!


text:
You are here: Home / Games / League of Legends for mobile could be in development by Tencent
League of Legends for mobile could be in development by Tencent
The landing of League of Legends, the successful Riot Games MOBA, on mobile phones could be closer than ever, according to new information from Reuters. Its launch, of course, is not expected for this year but it is ahead that, finally, Tencent would have got away with the goal of bringing one of the most profitable video games in history to iOS and Android devices.
And it is that according to Reuter you have been able to know through its sources, the relations between the Asian holding company and the American developer were never very good in terms of how to capitalize on the popularity achieved by the MOMA In fact, they add, Riot Games would have rejected in the past the possibility of adapting the title to smartphone and tablets. For its part, Tencent opted for Honor of Kings -Arena of Valor in the West- in a move that parents of League of Legends did not like very much.
When will it be available? There the different sources of Reuters differ, since one affirms that the mobile version of LOL has been in development for these platforms since last year, while another of the informants considered as unlikely its release in iOS and Android this 2019. p>
Despite the emergence of battle royale such as Fortnite, Apex Legends and PUBG, and other action proposals such as Overwatch and Rainbow Six Siege, League of Legends has remained virtually unchanged as the most popular proposal in PC since its inception. launch a decade ago In fact, it is estimated that only in 2018 the MOBA managed to generate 1,400 million dollars, a figure that was quite low compared to 2017, when it obtained 2,100 million. This could have caused Riot Games, this time, to accept the search for new audiences.
Recommended: Nintendo rules out presenting new hardware at E3 2019.
Filed Under: Games, News Tagged With: 1.4 billion dollars, Android, iOS, League of Legends, PC, Riot Games, Tencent


text:
Q: Invalid login password When I try to login in Ubuntu 16.04 with a valid password an error message is shown an screen saying invalid password, try again.
I try to submit the password with no success, then I click on guest account after that I logged out and when I try to login again the same message is shown but the login was successful.
Can someone explain me how this why occurs and how to solve it?

A: I solved it by resetting /etc/shadow file permissions which were altered by root.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


"Grit" has in recent years captivated the imagination of educators and policymakers, leading many to embrace the idea that schools should seek to cultivate in their students a set of personality traits demonstrated by researchers to be closely tied to academic and personal success.
Increasingly, though, critics are offering a different take, arguing that grit is a racist construct and has harmed low-income students by crowding out a focus on providing children with the supports they deserve and the more-flexible educational approach enjoyed by many of their more affluent counterparts.
That view was on full display Saturday at EduCon 2.7, a progressive education-technology conference being held in Philadelphia.
"We keep [hearing] this narrative that the only way children in poverty are going to succeed is by working harder than their peers who are middle class," said Pamela Moran, the superintendent of the 13,000-student Albemarle County public schools, in Virginia.
"We have to think about our own cultural biases, why grit appeals to us, and why we want to focus on it in our schools," she said.
Moran, who has been recognized for her workbuilding a district culture focused on digital learning, and Ira Socol, the Albemarle district's assistant director for educational technology and innovation, led a discussion at EduCon titled "Grit, Galton, Eugenics, Racism, Calvinism."
In addition to their critique, Moran and Socol argued that technology can be a valuable tool for cultivating a more appropriate type of resiliency in students, by providing them the resources, options, and "slack" they might otherwise lack.
The duo's presentation represented a direct attack on the work of Angela Duckworth, a University of Pennsylvania professor who was recognized with a MacArthur Foundation "genius" award in 2013 for her pioneering research.
Duckworth's findings have been popularized by writers such as Paul Tough, who wrote the hugely popular 2012 book How Children Succeed: Grit, Curiosity, and the Hidden Power of Character. Institutions such as KIPP, the national network of charter schools for at-risk students (formally known as the Knowledge Is Power Program),have incorporated the cultivation of grit into their efforts.
"I'm sorry my work is perceived in that light. It certainly isn't intended as such," Duckworth wrote in an emailed response to a request for comment by Education Week. "I don't believe we've ever written a single word that would suggest we are ignorant of structural problems, including poverty."
Proponents of Duckworth's research say the concept of grit is really just about setting long-term goals and working hard in pursuit of those goals. Nothing in the research of Duckworth and her colleagues precludes recognition of the societal forces that also limit opportunities for some students, they say, and nowhere do the researchers advocate that the cultivation of grit should be focused primarily on low-income students and children of color.
At EduCon, a group of 40 or so educators and students from across the country sought to add nuance to the critique of grit leveled by Moran and Socol.
"It's up to us how we use these tools. There is value in the idea of grit, but not much value in how it is being abused," said David Lenowitz, the executive director of How I Decide, a nonprofit based in Bala Cynwyd, Pa. that focuses on improving youth decision-making.
Some of those in attendance expressed concern that grit, as it is defined in Duckworth's research and enacted in many schools, is solely focused on traditional measures of academic success, such as good grades and regular attendance. Other researchers, for example, have raised questions about whether the personality traits studied by the UPenn researchers support the development of creativity.
Moran also argued that children from difficult circumstances often demonstrate considerable grit in their day-to-day lives, but those students' strengths are often not recognized by educators.
"If you just push the idea of grit, you avoid a conversation about, 'To what end?'" said Larissa Pahomov, an English teacher at Science Leadership Academy, the magnet high school in Philadelphia that hosts the annual conference.
In order to avoid the "terribly racist" consequences of "the grit narrative," said Socol, the Albemarle County administrator, schools and districts should focus on creating an environment of "abundance," especially for students of color and children from circumstances of poverty.
"There's [grit], and then there's the ability to get back up with the help of people around you, which is what the wealthy always do," said Socol in an interview prior to the conference. "The trick is in how you build a community around [students] and help them find the tools that will help them solve their problems."
Socol said examples of such efforts in Albemarle County schools include a 1-to-1 student-computing initiative that focuses on providing students with a variety of apps and digital tools (e.g, text-to-speech and voice-dictation software to help struggling students with reading and writing assignments); a district-led effort to provide broadband access in students' homes and communities; and a mindset that students need flexibility and forgiveness, rather than a "no-excuses" mandate, when it comes to things like homework and class attendance.
"The attitude is that if a child feels [he or she] can't be in class, it's probably for a reason, and we can help them, rather than say, 'The kid has to be miserable and get through it,'" Socol said. "Wealthy people take 'mental-health days' all the time."
Moran dismissed concerns that such a philosophy represents its own type of bigotry, in the form of low expectations for students from difficult circumstances.
"Sure, I want kids who are resilient," she said. "I also want children who feel safe in school, who feel their teachers are looking out for them, and who believe schools are providing them with flexibility and opportunity versus telling them to pull themselves out of poverty by their bootstraps."
This post has been updated with comment from Angela Duckworth.


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Vodacom claims Africa first with Lesotho 5G launch - Mobile World Live
Vodacom claims Africa first with Lesotho 5G launch
Vodacom Group launched Africa's first commercial 5G fixed wireless access (FWA) network, in Lesotho, while announcing the technology was ready for deployment in South Africa when spectrum is assigned.
Its Lesotho 5G network uses 3.5GHz spectrum previously assigned by regulators to deliver "fibre-like speeds": two enterprise customers are already signed-up to use Vodacom's service.
Lesotho is a relatively small market with the UN estimating its population stands at around 2.3 million. However, the 5G FWA network in the country is likely to be seen as a testbed for deployments in its larger operations on the continent.
In a statement, CEO Shameel Joosub (pictured) talked-up the achievement, but warned Vodacom's home market of South Africa could not afford to be left behind as 5G rolls out elsewhere.
Vodacom used a temporary licence in South Africa to showcase the technology, but is still waiting on regulators in the country to begin the process of assigning 3.5GHz spectrum.
"What we've accomplished in Lesotho is an example of what can be achieved in Africa, should the requisite spectrum also be made available," Joosub said. "Vodacom will be able to make 5G services available to its customers in South Africa once requisite spectrum is assigned."
"Global technological advancements are evolving at a rapid pace and South Africa can't afford to be left behind, particularly when we look at some of the potential use cases for 5G to support critical sectors of our society such as healthcare and education."
The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa is yet to confirm a date for its 5G auction. A number of trials have taken place in the country including a collaboration between MTN and Ericsson unveiled in January, and Vodacom's newly announced deployment.
Previous ArticleNokia bags €500M 5G loan
Next ArticleGerman regulator threatens Facebook data crackdown
Chris joined the Mobile World Live team in November 2016 having previously worked at a number of UK media outlets including Trinity Mirror, The Press Association and UK telecoms publication Mobile News. After spending 10 years in journalism, he moved...
BT targets 5G connectivity from the skies
Space agency prepares 5G, 6G hub expansion for lift-off
Spark trials SA 5G with Ericsson, Red Hat
5GLesothoVodacom Group


Every year some hectares of farmland disappear in favor of urban area extension (85% of the French population lives in urban areas. Source: INSEE). In response of this context, five friends founded Clinamen Association in 2012 Saint-Denis. They wanted to reintroduce farmer practices in the urban spaces through transhumance, henhouse, vegetable garden, etc.
In 2014, Clinamen created the cooperative Les Bergers Urbain with the will to become a research and de-velopment center on urban agriculture. Les Bergers Urbain aims to assist the citizens (residents, donors, local businesses) to practice new ways of managing outdoor areas.
– Valentin Charlot and Pauline Maraninchi, landscaper DPLG.
– Julie Lou-Dubreuilh, architect and construction manager.
– Guillaume Leterrier, territorial ESS developer.
– Simone Schriek, osteopath DO-therapist.
If the project initiators do not explicitly refer to design as such, the design thinking approach can be under-lined. The city is perceived as an ecosystem where urban planning is connected to food producing facilities and qualities of public space.


Can you believe it's already mid-January? Everyone is back to a routine and the days continue to fly by with reckless abandon. While you sit and ponder, take a peek at our roundup of hilarious tweets from funny parents.
1. Ah, the good old days.
3. And it's just as high stakes!
Like gamblers in a casino where they lose track of time cause no clocks or windows, but it's me in my toddler's room trying to put her back to sleep in the middle of the night.
4. That's how you know you're a true parent.
It's not a cup of coffee if I haven't reheated it five times.
5. And it totally counts.
6. At least he's honest.
Went shopping and asked my 4 year old if he could please make it an easy trip and he replied "I WILL NEVER MAKE IT EASY!" so I guess his New Year's resolution is to get into resistance training.
7. Definitely worth a try.
I'm going to become a famous YouTuber.
Then my kids will finally listen to any old crap I say and they'll remember it for weeks.
7yo: the tooth fairy didn't bring me anything.
I'm at my best level of hypochondriac three minutes after one of my sick kids sneezes in my mouth.
This morning, one of my tiny humans was enraged because his socks weren't blue (they were blue) and the other was distraught that his banana was not pointy enough.


Added to site: Feb 11 at 10:48p.m.
Unfortunately the plane never arrived here in Lamap today, so could not travel to Port Vila as planned. I am now here in Lamap until the next plane is due on Thursday - I hope!
My flight to Papua New Guinea is leaving from Port Vila on Wednesday. I'm trying to sort this out with Flight Centre travel agent now, but that will happen in the morning.
Then I need to inform the people in Mendi, Papua New Guinea, who are picking me up from Mt Hagan. So annoying!


Apartamento vitoriano de primeiro andar com 2 quartos "cottage" no belo canto de Streets Florestais e Rio no centro de Rutland. Você vai adorar este espaço pitoresco e acolhedor com pisos de madeira original e muita luz natural em todo. O apartamento tem um plano de piso espaçoso e uma bela varanda grande, à sombra, privada e ao ar livre.
Desfrute de uma cozinha totalmente privada e totalmente equipada, banheiro, sala de estar e dois quartos. Muito armazenamento para todos os seus pertences com armários grandes e profundos e toneladas de espaço para armários de cozinha. Muitos estacionamento off-street. Geladeira nova. Colchão de espuma de memória na cama principal! Comcast cabo / wifi. Inclui todas as comodidades.
Chuveiro e banheira. Sabonete, corpo, lavagem, shampoo, escovas de dentes, pasta de dentes, roupa de cama e muitos outros extras incluídos. Secador de cabelo.
We had a very nice stay, even though just overnight.
From the time we walked through the door, it felt like a home away from home. This mini Home had everything we needed for our stay. I would definitely stay here again. Thank you .
Thank you so much! I enjoyed having you here as well!
This place is a gem in Rutland! I was really impressed that it was very clean, cutely decorated and the owners were super thoughtful and left lots of food/drinks we could help ourselves to. So nice to have a delicious chocolate candy bar after the long ride there! This is a great place to stay if you want to visit surrounding areas like Woodstock, Killington etc. We will be back - Thanks!
Thank you so much for your kind words, Casey! I really enjoyed having you here!
Very cozy cottage -- Nicole was a generous & thoughtful host!
The cottage was very cute and clean. We enjoyed our stay and the cottage amenities! Would highly recommend this space.


Scent your home and add style with this elegant reed diffuser.
Classic Reed Diffuser in a glass jar with our signature hand pressed seal. Reed diffusers scent your home gently as the oil travels up the reeds and then fills the air with your favorite Votivo scent. Fragrance description: Red currants with sweet vanilla and raspberry.


As reported in the Athens Banner-Herald, Athens Academy is celebrating its 50th anniversary.
The academy was created because of a small group of parents who saw a need for their children to be challenged more than they were in the public-school system. The committee who helped the school come to fruition included John Wilkins III, John "Buck" Griffin, Dr. Harvey Cabaniss, Tommy Tillman, Harold Beasley and Mary Erwin.
Athens Academy Head of School John Thorsen said that this group formed a school that began with 12 teachers and 147 students.
Having first started out at a farmhouse at Hawthorne Avenue and Jefferson Road, it was not until 1970 when J. Swanton Ivy donated 105 acres off U.S. Highway 441 inside Oconee County that would become the future location for the academy.
The first headmaster was Ronnie Griffeth, and in 1975, the school hired its first football coach, Mike Castronis.
In the 1990s, thanks to the efforts of Robert Chambers and Reinhard Mohn, the school houses the Bertelsmann Media Center, which offers the latest innovations in technology and education.
The school also acquired a new Science & Art Building and the Harrison Center for Arts and Preschool.
And just recently the academy added the Chambers Center, a new administration building named for Robert Chambers, who was the school's headmaster from 1983 until he retired in 2013.
The new administration building is a 14,500-square-foot office space which provides space for receptions, gatherings and meetings.
Throughout the years, many notable graduates had their beginnings at the academy, including Secretary of State Brian Kemp, professional golfer Vicki Goetze, Aaron Rental's CEO John Robinson, Landmark Properties CEO Wes Rogers and actress Mallory Moye.


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Of course, that is a sarcastic question. Do you understand that the Visual Experience is a product of the final processing stage for the Visual System? Do you think you could move around in the World equally as well if there was no Visual Experience?
No I am serious. You obviously have calculated the mushy stuff in our skull is not enough to carry out our activities
Further you have carried out a calculation leading you to determine a brain
QUOTE If your Physical Brain had to do this without the Visual Experience it would certainly need to be as big as a Refrigerator UNQUOTE
So how many blind people have you seen getting around with a refrigerator size brain?
Average adult brain 1,300 to 1,400 gram
Did you estimate or work out mass of one the size of a refrigerator?
Michael 345, May 4, 2021
The statement is supposed to make you think about the Conscious Visual Experience. That's all we can do is speculate and contemplate. There are no answers with regard to Consciousness. Without the Visual Experience, how do you think you would move around in the World without bumping into things, just using Neural Activity? Don't you think there would have to be a lot more Neural Activity, and more Neurons, without the Conscious Experience?
You are the one saying the conscious experience is NOT in the neural activity, yet you offer no proof of this, just your say-so. You are the one saying we would need brains the size of refrigerator. Yet we obviously don't have brains the size of fridges, yet we still have conscious experience. You are the one who is being incoherent.
gmilam, May 4, 2021
exchemist likes this.
origin said: ↑
I am saying consciousness is 100% a function of our brains. You seem to be saying there is something else beside the brain that is involved. Maybe I am misinterpreting what you are saying, but a lot of your posts are incoherent.
I'm saying that you are just Speculating that Consciousness is 100% a function of our Brains. There is no evidence of that in Science. The only things Science can study are the Neural Correlates of Consciousness, and Science has made great progress with that in the last hundred years. But measuring Neural Activity is not the same thing as measuring actual Conscious Activity. This is just a fact of Reality. Show me how something like the Experience of Redness is a function of Brain Activity?
Steve Klinko, May 4, 2021
This is a Thought Experiment. The Refrigerator reference is to help you think, but it looks like it might not be working for you. First, just imagine not having the Visual Experience that you have, even though all the Neurons are still normally firing for Visual Experience. Do you really Believe that the Blind Neural Activity is going to still let you See?
Blind people don't really get around so well do they?
I said if we didn't have Conscious Experiences we would need Refrigerator sized Brains. Since we have Conscious Experiences we don't need Refrigerator sized Brains. This is a Thought Experiment. I always say nobody Knows what Conscious Experience is. I don't Know what it is, and you don't Know what it is. The irrefutable Logic in Speculating that maybe Consciousness is not in the Neurons, but rather that Consciousness Connects with the Neurons, is the fact that Science has not been able to show how Consciousness is in the Neurons even after trying to prove this for a hundred years. Explain to me how something like the Experience of Redness is in the Neural Activity. Redness is a Conscious Experience and only Exists in the Conscious Mind. Redness (plus all other Experiences) is some other kind of Phenomenon than any other Phenomenon Science has discovered. Start from the Conscious Experience itself. What is that Redness that you have always Experienced? It isn't an Illusion. It is a Real Phenomenon that exists in the Manifest Universe that we live in.
C C Consular Corps - "the backbone of diplomacy" Valued Senior Member
You are trying to minimize the importance of Conscious Experience. Let's think about the Visual Experience. The Visual Experience packs vast amounts of information into a single thing that can be analyzed by a Conscious Mind. The kind of analysis that the Conscious Mind can do with the Visual Experience would not even be possible with only the Brain hardware. The Brain would need to be as big as a Refrigerator to do the analysis that the Conscious Mind does with the Visual experience.
CAPTCHAs have to be constantly upgraded as bots become more adept at interpreting them. The "simple" NASA drone that's flying around on Mars is analyzing the data versions of camera images in order to "perceive" its environment. We have robots and autonomous vehicles creating much more sophisticated information maps or "p-zombie" representations allowing them to navigate through obstacle courses.
IOW, you're underestimating what blindsight, "deaf hearing" and "feeling-less tactility" processing in smart machines or p-zombies in general can accomplish, both today and especially in the future.
Even in the brain, there are equivalent dynamic data patterns or NCCs for the experiences we are having that are doing the actual legwork. (At least in the epiphenomenalism-like context that science usually operates under of allowing no immaterial causes.) For investigators, it would be not the experience of "green" or "pain" that causes us to report such and react a certain way, but the NCC configurations as the causal source.
I personally feel that epiphenomenalism is a stretch -- the human body shouldn't be aware of experiences if they have no return effect. And consequently it would be an astonishing coincidence enduring for millions of years that neural data structures causing us to report a fictional, phenomenal character of the world also happen to really have those applicable, impotent manifestations reliably parallel to them. But EP helps emphasize that these neural correlates are sophisticated enough to yield those body behaviors/responses. In theory, little should prevent technological substrates from achieving the same complexity, as well augmenting those machines with "fictional" narrative tendencies if the same parallelism doesn't occur for them (i.e., designing them to pretend to have experiences).
As an alternative to epiphenomenalism, I turn to Russellian monism. Data configurations can potentially have phenomenal character associated with them because that is the intrinsic nature of matter (the latter is converted to artificial, abstract description when stripped of the original outer appearances and quantitative properties of perception and instrument detection, anyway).
Thus, in "Russellian materialism" a neural correlate is extrinsically the "biologically described stuff" and intrinsically the "qualia manifested stuff" -- both can be treated as causal since they're just different sides of the same coin.
Lee Smolin: "The problem of consciousness is an aspect of the question of what the world really is. We don't know what a rock really is, or an atom, or an electron. We can only observe how they interact with other things and thereby describe their relational properties. Perhaps everything has external and internal aspects. The external properties are those that science can capture and describe through interactions, in terms of relationships. The internal aspect is the intrinsic essence; it is the reality that is not expressible in the language of interactions and relations. Consciousness, whatever it is, is an aspect of the intrinsic essence of brains." --Time Reborn
Michael Lockwood (the philosopher, not the other guitarist): "Do we therefore have no genuine knowledge of the intrinsic character of the physical world? So it might seem. But, according to the line of thought I am now pursuing, we do, in a very limited way, have access to content in the material world as opposed merely to abstract casual structure, since there is a corner of the physical world that we know, not merely by inference from the deliverances of our five sense, but because we are that corner. It is the bit within our skulls, which we know by introspection. In being aware, for example, of the qualia that seemed so troublesome for the materialist, we glimpse the intrinsic nature of what, concretely, realizes the formal structure that a correct physics would attribute to the matter of our brains. In awareness, we are, so to speak, getting an insider's look at our own brain activity.
This idea has appealed to me ever since I first encountered it in the writings of Bertrand Russell (1927); I shall therefore refer to it as 'Russellian materialism'. The view antedates Russell, however. Its clearest nineteenth-century exponent was the mathematician William Clifford (1878), who influenced Sir Arthur Eddington (1928), among others." --The Enigma of Sentience
Russellian Monism: . . . physics describes what mass and charge do, e.g., how they dispose objects to move toward or away from each other, but not what mass and charge are. Thus, [Bertrand] Russell writes the following about the events physics describes: "All that physics gives us is certain equations giving abstract properties of their changes. But as to what it is that changes, and what it changes from and to—as to this, physics is silent." (Russell 1959: 18)
To understand the first core thesis, structuralism about physics, consider David J. Chalmers's description of how physical theory characterizes its basic entities:
…physical theory only characterizes its basic entities relationally, in terms of their causal and other relations to other entities. Basic particles, for instance, are largely characterized in terms of their propensity to interact with other particles. Their mass and charge is specified, to be sure, but all that a specification of mass ultimately comes to is a propensity to be accelerated by certain forces, and so on. Each entity is characterized by its relation to other entities, and so on forever. …The picture of the physical world that this yields is that of a giant causal flux, but the picture tells us nothing about what all this causation relates. Reference to the proton is fixed as the thing that causes interactions of a certain kind, that combines in certain ways with other entities, and so on; but what is the thing that is doing the causing and combining? As Russell (1927a) notes, this is a matter about which physical theory is silent. (Chalmers 1996: 153)
As Lockwood stated, this conception was also around in prototype form before Russell articulated it. The following is circa 1892.
Charles Sanders Peirce: "Viewing a thing from the outside, considering its relations of action and reaction with other things, it appears as matter. Viewing it from the inside, looking at its immediate character as feeling, it appears as consciousness". --Man's Glassy Essence
C C, May 4, 2021
C C said: ↑
While I personally feel that epiphenomenalism is a stretch (it would be an astonishing coincidence enduring for millions of years that neural data structures causing us to report a fictional, phenomenal character of the world also happen to really have those applicable, impotent manifestations reliably parallel to them), these are nevertheless neural correlates sophisticated enough to yield those body behaviors/responses. In theory, little should prevent technological substrates from achieving the same complexity, as well augmenting those machines with "fictional" narrative tendencies if the same parallelism doesn't occur for them (i.e., designing them to pretend to have experiences).
All based on the Physical .
The physical core of the Atom is physical .
river, May 4, 2021
river said: ↑
What is your question ?
"????" indicates bafflement as to what you were specifically referring to or what your point was.
EDIT: Never mind. This futile dialogue should not be consuming any more space in the thread.
--- deleted duplicate post---
Carry on .
Explain to me how something like the Experience of Redness is in the Neural Activity.
Explain to me how it's not in the neural activity.
Redness is a Conscious Experience and only Exists in the Conscious Mind. Redness (plus all other Experiences) is some other kind of Phenomenon than any other Phenomenon Science has discovered. Start from the Conscious Experience itself. What is that Redness that you have always Experienced? It isn't an Illusion. It is a Real Phenomenon that exists in the Manifest Universe that we live in.
Red is the name we have given to the frequency/frequencies of light that the rods and cones in our eyes respond to in the 650 nm range. The typical person has three color receptors in their eyes, these correspond to what we call primary colors. There is nothing mysterious about it.
...Consciousness Connects with the Neurons...
Where is this consciousness if not in the brain?
I think this be one of them strange creatures Captain. He thinks people who don't exist, gods, mess with our minds arrrh
We go about our business hauling keel but it ain't us 'cause we are part of the Universe and somefing he call Kosmic brain is telling me to do the hauling Captain
Gives me the creeps Captain. One day Kosmic brain will tell me to toss him overboard to check the keel and sail away forgetting he down there
He can take my Kosmic brain w've 'im
Obviously, not having a refrigerator size brain is to blame
I can see it in the text books now Scientists are building the world's first refrigerator size brain to help blind people
They are working alongside Scientists building a matchbox size nuclear power plant to supply electrical power
Haven't read where he's mentioned gods... but his consciousness argument is very reminiscent of the ever popular "soul" argument.
Yes exactly what I meant Captain. Perhaps he might be a step down from god and into the mystical spiritual we are all one with the Universe and our small puny brain gets its power from the Cosmic brain to which we are all connected
origin Heading towards oblivion Valued Senior Member
I'm saying that you are just Speculating that Consciousness is 100% a function of our Brains.
What else could it be? Other organs?
Show me how something like the Experience of Redness is a function of Brain Activity?
What else could it be a function of? Our brain is our processor, I don't believe our spleen, or our skin is involved in the 'experience of redness', my money is on the brain.
origin, May 5, 2021
Show me how something like the Experience of Redness
Explain to me what a Experience of Redness is


EgyptAir plans to launch service to new North American destinations next year after it takes delivery of its last pair of Boeing 777-300ERs.
The Star Alliance carrier in March took delivery of the first of six new 777-300ERs, which it is temporarily using on its daily Cairo-London Heathrow service. EgyptAir has since added a second 777-300ER and placed the aircraft on its thrice weekly Cairo-Tokyo service.
EgyptAir group chairman and CEO Hussein Massoud says the carrier's next two 777-300ERs are scheduled to be delivered in November and December of this year and will be used on its Cairo-New York JFK service. He adds the last two 777-300ERs from its six-aircraft acquisition will be delivered in 2011 and used on new North American routes.
"We are thinking either Washington, Chicago or Toronto," Massoud told ATI during a Star Alliance event in Sao Paulo.
Washington Dulles and Chicago O'Hare are hubs for Star Alliance member United Airlines while Toronto is a hub for Star member Air Canada. No carrier currently operates non-stop services between Cairo and Washington, Chicago or Toronto, according to schedules in Innovata.
New York JFK is currently EgyptAir's only destination in the Americas. The carrier operates one daily flight on the Cairo-New York JFK route with 777-200s.
While EgyptAir plans to use its last two 777-300ERs to expand its North American network, Massoud says the new 777-300ERs are mainly being acquired to replace the carrier's older 777-200s. EgyptAir owns five 777-200s, and last year hired German bank DVB's aviation asset management division to re-market three of these aircraft.
All six of the new 777-300ERs are being leased. The fist two 777-300ERs have been leased from GECAS.
While EgyptAir's first 777-300ER initially replaced the 777-200 used on its daily Cairo-London Heathrow service, Massoud says the carrier will later this year switch this flight to the Airbus A330-300. He says EgyptAir will take delivery in August of the first of five new A330-300s.
Massoud explains EgyptAir plans to use the 777-300ER that is now on the London route to increase its Tokyo Narita service from three to six weekly flights.
He says EgyptAir, which already operates seven A330-200s, will receive the other four A330-300s from its outstanding order next year. He says these will all be growth aircraft used to open new routes to Africa and the Far East.
EgyptAir already has unveiled plans to expand its network in eastern and western Africa with additional 737-800s. Last year the carrier decided to swap its 2008 order for two 777-300ERs, which would have expanded its 777-300ER fleet to eight aircraft in 2013, for eight additional 737-800s.
Massoud says four of these additional 737-800s will be delivered from September through December of this year. EgyptAir earlier this month unveiled plans to launch thrice weekly service to Copenhagen from 1 October using 737-800s. But Massoud says EgyptAir will mainly use its additional 737-800s to launch services within Africa.
EgyptAir is significantly expanding its African network as part of a project with Star to improve the alliance's connections throughout the continent. EgyptAir, which currently operates eight 737-800s, joined Star in 2008.


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Oxford Research Encyclopedia of African History
Oxford Research Encyclopedias African History
Colonial Conquest and Rule
Early States and State Formation in Africa
East Africa and Indian Ocean
Historical Preservation and Cultural Heritage
Historiography and Methods
Image of Africa
Invention of Tradition
North Africa and the Gulf
Northeastern Africa
Oral Traditions
Religious History
Slavery and Slave Trade
Colonial Conquest and Rule (2)
Early States and State Formation in Africa (2)
Image of Africa (1)
Invention of Tradition (1)
North Africa and the Gulf (7)
Religious History (2)
Women's History (1)
Keywords: North Africa x
North Africa and the Gulf x
Berbers and the Nation-State in North Africa
Bruce Maddy-Weitzman
Throughout history, North Africa's native Berber-speaking populations have been central to the mix of political, social, cultural, and linguistic attributes that rendered the region distinct. At the dawn of the 20th century, Berbers still constituted a substantial majority of sharifian Morocco's population, and a significant minority of French Algeria's Muslim populace; their numbers were smaller in Ottoman Libya and smaller still in France's Tunisian protectorate. Nationalism began to spread in North Africa during the first decades of the 20th century. Each nationalist movement was shaped by a particular combination of factors; all of them, however, foregrounded the Arab and Islamic components of their collective identities, downplaying or ignoring the Berber ones. Berbers actively participated in the struggles for independence in both Algeria and Morocco, often in leadership roles. This pattern would continue during the decades after independence, even as both the Algerian and Moroccan states placed supreme value on the Arabization of the educational system, and of public life in general. The state's overall view of Berber identity was that it should be consigned to the realm of folklore. However, even as the number of Berber speakers continued to decline, there arose a modern Berber (Amazigh) identity movement that demanded a reexamination of the underlying premises of their countries' collective identities, one that would bring the Berber language and culture to center stage. It also demanded genuine amelioration of the dire conditions of poverty that characterized much of the rural Berber world. As ruling regimes struggled to maintain their legitimacy after a half century of independence, the Berber "question" now took on a new salience in North Africa's increasingly contested political space.
Ismaili and Fatimid North Africa
Christine D. Baker
The Fatimid dynasty ruled North Africa from 909 to 1171 CE. The Fatimids identified as Isma'ili Shi'is and they declared a Shi'i countercaliphate in Qayrawan to rival the Sunni 'Abbasids in Baghdad. Their dynasty rose to power from an underground missionary movement, but eventually conquered most of North Africa, the Levant, the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina, and Yemen. Their first capital was in Qayrawan, but they are best known for founding the city of Cairo as their imperial capital in 969. The Fatimids linked North African and Mediterranean trade with the Indian Ocean via the Red Sea, creating an era of unprecedented economic growth. Further, Fatimid sponsorship of Isma'ili Shi'i ritual and scholarship allowed for the development of several Isma'ili movements that have persisted into the modern era. The Fatimid era ended in the 12th century during the rise of Turkic dynasties and the influx of Crusader forces into the eastern Mediterranean region.
North Africa and France: Imperialism, Colonialism, and Women, 1830–1962
Julia Clancy-Smith
The workings of modern empire can better be viewed through the lens of gender because gendered hierarchies illuminate broad, intersecting aspects of the colonial project. Community, kinship, household economies, religion, education, sexuality, social engineering, nationalism, and transnational reform movements were all inflected by imperial patriarchy in various guises. This perspective is especially rich for "French" North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco) from 1830 until 1962 since the region and its peoples were subjected to intense forms of "European" settler colonialism. From the start, the "woman question" assumed particularly fraught and contentious dimensions whose repercussions can be detected even today. Nevertheless, colonial North Africa did not represent a self-enclosed container. Transimperial and global processes shaped the sociopolitical terrain, and in turn. Policies, practices, and resistance in the Maghrib exerted a powerful torque far beyond its limits. Key to understanding women, gender, and settler colonialism is the state of the "archive," the sprawling corpus of records, writings, words, things, and images left in an empire's wake. The voices of women, children, and "ordinary" people, those labeled "the colonized," have until recently been missing in conventional narratives. As Antoinette Burton observed, the archives themselves structure "the conceptual frameworks of women's and gender history." In the imperial historical context, the task of recuperating and restoring lost voices is all the more problematic, yet urgent. One might also add that the fundamental question is "whether 'women' is a category at all."
Interactions between North Africa and Spain: Medieval and Early Modern
Camilo Gómez-Rivas
Arabic-speaking Muslim polities existed in medieval Spain and Portugal where they were superseded by Christian empires that gradually disavowed cultural connections to this past. Hebrew and Arabic were largely expurgated from homes and libraries. Jews and Muslims who refused to convert were expelled. And while an incipient study of that past existed, echoed even in popular literary forms, the need to disavow kinship prevailed, at least publicly and officially. The Maghrib, for its part, separated by a mere fourteen kilometers of sea from the southern tip of Spain, experienced Portuguese and Spanish imperial expansion firsthand, receiving the bulk of the displaced and interacting with fortified settlements and encroachments along the Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts. Later European colonization of North Africa completed the galvanization of a Maghribi culture of resistance to and disavowal of European, Latin, and Christian cultural forms and connections. Spain and North Africa came to be conceived as separate worlds; domains of inimical faiths; divided by culture, language, religion, and a history of mutual hostility. This sense of separateness is deceptive, however, as the Iberian Peninsula and North Africa are bound by deep and extensive commercial, material, and cultural contacts. They share inextricable histories in which alternating movements of commerce, conflict, and migration have played fundamental roles in shaping recognizably Western Mediterranean societies. They should be thought of as areas of a unified region with a common culture, or at the very least, as areas sharing a common region, in which they interact regularly, creating extensive ties and parallel forms of cultural and social organization.
The Making of the Maghrib: 600–1060 CE
Allen Fromherz
The history of North Africa from the coming of Islam to the rise of the Almoravid Empire in the 11th century is a crucial period in the making of the Islamic Maghrib. From 600 ce to 1060 ce Berbers and Arabs interacted in a variety of ways and through a process of acculturation. This interaction created a distinctive cultural and historical zone called the "Maghrib" or the "land of the setting sun," a zone that would be recognized throughout the Islamic world. While many questions remain unanswered or yet to be explored from this period due to issues with sources, the first centuries after the coming of Islam to the Maghrib (7th—11th centuries) set the stage for the rise of the great Berber and Muslim empires: the Almoravid and Almohads. This period is crucial for understanding the development and history of Maghribi Islam.
The Normans and the Italian City-States in North Africa
Matt King
At their closest points, Sicily and Tunisia are separated by less than 100 miles across the Strait of Sicily. Using intermediate islands as guides, it is possible to cross this distance without losing sight of land. The proximity of Sicily and the Italian Peninsula to North Africa facilitated substantial interactions between peoples in these regions across the central Middle Ages—from roughly 1000 until 1300. During this period, Norman Sicily and Italian city-states like Venice, Genoa, and Pisa had substantial interactions with Muslim lords across North Africa. Walled funduqs provided isolated and secure facilities for merchants to conduct business in Muslim ports. Mendicant missionaries tended to these traders and, at times, voluntarily martyred themselves by denouncing Islam and proselytizing in the streets of Muslim cities. These traders and monks operated against a backdrop of intermittent conflict. State-sponsored raiding from both Muslim North Africa and Christian Italy proved a persistent threat to merchants and their wares. On occasion, these raids devolved into more substantial campaigns aimed at conquest, including a handful of papally-sponsored crusades. The longest-lived Christian foray into North Africa during these years resulted in Norman Sicily seizing control over a strip of land in modern-day Tunisia from roughly 1148 to 1160 and forming the Norman "Kingdom of Africa."
Mass Media in North Africa: From Print to Digital
Emilio Spadola
The emergence, spread, and transformation of media technologies in North Africa has attracted much attention over the past decade. Yet the disruptive effects of technological mass media have been a defining feature of North African modernity from the mid-19th century to the present. Classically distinguished from pre-modern oral and scribal transmissions by "technological reproducibility," mass media offer capacities both for simultaneous collective address (i.e., broadcast), and for nearly limitless copying (i.e., reproduction) and re-transmission (i.e., sharing). As such, dramatic expansions in mass media, from print journals, or "the press," to electronic broadcast media of radio and television, small media of audio and video cassettes, and Internet-based and mobile digital media, have sustained modern North African political movements and mass publics, from anticolonial nationalism to postcolonial nation-state building and the 21st-century Arab Spring. Any understanding of contemporary mass media, including digital media, in North Africa must consider how these current media movements reprise and transform earlier forms of political consciousness, community, and protest grounded in a century of new media.
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Within moments, the beast was transformed. A surge of humility washed over Rafael Nadal, and he calmly approached the net. He had inflicted a physical and mental beating upon Roger Federer, and now only one response was appropriate: respect.
This is why a lot of people, including the great Bjorn Borg, believe that Nadal is about to dismantle Federer's mastery of Wimbledon. He's only 22, and quite often as crude as they come, but Nadal gets it. With the start of Wimbledon upon us Monday, Nadal is poised to make a tennis statement for the ages - and he plans to show a bit of maturity in the process.
There was nothing left of Federer at the conclusion of the French Open. The scores were 6-1, 6-3, 6-0 for Nadal, marking Federer's worst-ever loss at a major, but the body language told as much as the scoreboard. By the early stages of the third set, Federer appeared resigned to defeat. It was almost surreal to watch one of tennis' all-time greats - the best, in the eyes of many - so convincingly thrashed.
"I didn't want to celebrate too much," said Nadal, who essentially had no reaction at all to match point. "That day was tough for Roger. I have a very good relationship with him, and I feel I have to be more respectful."
It doesn't take much at Wimbledon to make everyone forget about the French; just a few crisp groundstrokes on the well-manicured grass, and it's an entirely new day. Pete Sampras always felt that way. During his run of four Wimbledon titles (1997-2000), he had been routinely dreadful at the French, never getting past the third round (the closest he ever came was the semifinals in '96). After a few days of mourning, Sampras simply shrugged off his latest clay-court defeat and moved on.
Federer seems to be in that frame of mind, pointing to his record - five straight Wimbledon titles, tying Borg's modern-day record - and saying, "It's so far away, grass and clay, I don't think (the French) has a big effect on me, mentally."
That's what everyone wants to know. Nadal shocked most observers by reaching the 2006 Wimbledon final, in which he was handled with relative ease by Federer. Nadal charged right back into the final last year, throwing a legitimate scare into Federer before falling in five sets. It has reached the point where anything short of a third matchup this year, on the final Sunday, would be a letdown.
"I pick Nadal to win this year, as long as he can get through the first couple of rounds," said Borg, adding that he pegs Novak Djokovic as his No. 2 choice. "It's not going to be like before, when Roger won nearly every match he played, and expected to do so. He knows he will have to play some unbelievable tennis to win."
Djokovic, who defeated a physically subpar Federer in the semifinals of this year's Australian Open, said this week, "Some things are changing. I think Roger is a little bit shaken by (the French) loss, and mentally he has been struggling the last couple of months. New names are coming, fresh and talented players who believe more they can win against him, and I am one of them. Suddenly, he's worried a little bit."
This is such a refreshing development for tennis, because when he's playing well, there's a bit of Tiger Woods in Federer. He'll not only beat you, he'll do it in ways you'll never forget. He has been so utterly dominant at Wimbledon the past five years, it wouldn't surprise anyone if he won this year's tournament without losing a set. He also can pull to one behind Sampras' all-time record for Grand Slam titles (14) with a victory.
The question is whether Nadal, ever on the assault, can continue to chip away at Federer's psychological edge. There was Nadal at the end of the French, just covered in red dirt, having scratched and clawed his way to an awe-inspiring win. Even in full command, he treated every point with a raging desperation. And there was Federer, slump-shouldered and devastated.
Mats Wilander, who won seven Grand Slam singles titles, often has been critical of Federer's demeanor. Wilander was on the attack again at Roland Garros, saying, "The only battle you can win with Nadal is in the mind. His tennis is too good. Show me a little fire, some emotion. Otherwise, I'm just wasting my day. I mean, you have to get emotionally involved."
Former Spanish player Alex Corretja - like Wilander, a television commentator at the French - was equally appalled. "Federer gave up," he said. "It was just ridiculous. My (broadcast) partner said it was bad luck. I said no, it was bad playing."
Equally interesting at the French Open, from the women's side of the draw, was Ana Ivanovic's ascent to the No. 1 ranking. It was all so clear and perfect. Recently retired Justine Henin was there, unable to defend her title but captivated by Ivanovic's play. At the finish, Henin handed over the trophy. Ivanovic, a dominant player throughout the tournament, truly looked the part.
Ivanovic's history had been to fade in the important moments - that was definitely the case in her previous two Grand Slam final appearances - but she was stunningly confident in her performances against Jelena Jankovic and Dinara Safina in the semifinals and final, absolutely crushing her forehand at make-or-break moments and routinely finding the corners.
"She just rips that forehand without thinking now," perennial contender Nadia Petrova said. "Sometimes, I think she has no idea where it's going to go, but compared to other players, it's by far the best forehand out there."
It is commonplace at Wimbledon to see a highly anticipated women's match dissolve into one-sided tedium, but considering the presence of Ivanovic, the Williams sisters, Jankovic and Maria Sharapova, feeling especially motivated after losing to Safina in the fourth round of the French, some fascinating scenarios exist.
None of them, most likely, will approach the notion of Nadal playing Federer in the king's beloved castle.
Of note: Federer has won five straight Wimbledon titles and 12 majors overall. Pete Sampras holds the all-time records for men's Wimbledon singles titles (7) and men's Grand Slam singles titles (14). ... Bjorn Borg shares the record with five straight Wimbledon titles. ... This is Ivanovic's first tournament as the top-ranked women's player after surpassing Maria Sharapova with her French Open title earlier this month. ... Venus Williams, seeded seventh, has won four Wimbledon singles titles. Martina Navratilova holds the record with nine.