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You Wouldn't Want To Be On Shackleton's Polar Expedition!
By Jen Green
Illustrated by David Antram
Published by Salariya Book Company Ltd
Get ready...as a harderned sailor, you're about to join Shackleton in what will prove to be one of the most gruelling adventures of all time as you brave your way across the bitterly cold continent of Antarctica. As you encounter extreme cold, strong icy winds and a worrying lack of food and water, you'll soon see why you really wouldn't want to join Shackleton's polar expedition! This title in the popular You Wouldn't Want to Be series features full-colour illustrations which combine humour and accurate technical detail. This extended edition features brand new extra content including a timeline, fun facts a list of 'top' characters and a map.
You Wouldn't Want To Be Cleopatra!
Shackleton's Journey
Shackleton's Endurance
How Would You Survive as a Polar Bear?
24 Hours in Antarctica
Antarctica : The Melting Continent
North Pole / South Pole From Pole to Pole: a Flip Book
Sky Song
North The Greatest Animal Journey on Earth
Let's Save Antarctica


This competition is now closed for entries, keep an eye out for the next one and in the meantime checkout some events near you.
Intimate gigs all around the world.
1. The Promoter is: Sofar Sounds Ltd (company no. 07561876)] whose registered office is at [2nd Floor, 35-47 Bethnal Green Road].
2. Employees of The Promoter or their family members or anyone else connected in any way with the competition or helping to set up the competition shall not be permitted to enter the competition.
5. Closing date for entry will be November 4, 2018 at 23:59 PM. After this date the no further entries to the competition will be permitted.
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a. Provided that you are eligible (as described below), entering the Prize Draw is free. You'll be sent an email to let you know if you've been entered into our Prize Draw. The Prize Draw is set to take place on November 5, 2018 where winners will be chosen. Winners are chosen at random from all eligible entries received. Odds of winning depend on the number of eligible entries received.
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It goes without saying that the perfect chroma keying starts with a seamless green screen setup. The proper lighting will help you to get an evenly lit background which then will make pulling off the perfect chroma key a piece of cake. If you are not sure how to build your green screen setup properly, there is a decent amount of free online resources on the topic, including a comprehensive article on this blog in which we've already covered the details that you can check out here. Now, without further ado, let's find out how to get the perfect chroma key once you throw your green screen footage right inside Premiere Pro CC 2017.
Before you add the Ultra Key effect to your main green screen clip, it's recommended to create a mask around your main subject and use only this particular section just as shown in the video. To do so, head on to the Opacity tab of your clip and pick the Pen tool. Once you finish your mask, scrub through the entire video and make sure that all the action is taking place inside the mask.
Then navigate to the Effects Library and search for the Ultra Key. Drag the filter directly onto your green screen clip, go to the Effects panel and under Key Color use the color picker to select the green color in the background of your footage. Hence you should instantly get your key. For further adjustments, set the Output of the Ultra Key to Alpha Channel. By enabling this mode, you'll be able to see everything that's being keyed out in your frame in white.
To improve the results and get the perfect key, you should probably play around with the Matte Generation settings of the Ultra Key. For instance, by tweaking the Transparency, Highlight, Shadow, Tolerance, and Pedestal, you'll be able to eliminate the spill and make your mask perfectly white across the board. Other adjustments that will help you in that regard even further are the Matte Cleanup and Spill Suppression settings. The first will allow you to fine-tune the outline of the mask itself, whereas the latter will help you to eliminate any visible spill on your main subject.
Once you're satisfied with your chroma key, it's time to throw the background video into the mix by placing it below your green screen clip and do some final color corrections to your foreground image by utilizing the Lumetri Color panel. Just make sure that the latter is applied after the Ultra Key in the Effects panel.
By utilizing the powerful tools and assets that Premiere Pro CC 2017 provides, you can pull off a decent key on almost any occasion and create shots that are normally impossible or too expensive to execute. And, the best part is that this workflow saves you a ton of time and effort, plus you can play back the footage in real-time and see the final results right off the bat.


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Youssouf Fofana (París, Francia, 10 de enero de 1999) es un futbolista francés que juega como centrocampista en el A. S. Monaco F. C. de la Ligue 1. Es internacional absoluto con .

Vida personal
Fofana nació el 10 de enero de 1999 en París. Es de ascendencia maliense.

Trayectoria

Racing Club de Estrasburgo Alcasia
Fofana comenzó su carrera en varias academias juveniles en París, antes de unirse a la academia juvenil del Estrasburgo el 21 de febrero de 2017. Hizo su debut profesional con el Estrasburgo en una derrota por 2-0 en la Ligue 1 ante el Olympique de Lyon el 24 de agosto de 2018.

Association Sportive de Monaco Football Club
Fofana jugó su último partido con el Estrasburgo el 25 de enero de 2020, en una victoria a domicilio por 3-1 sobre el Monaco. Cuatro días después, fue fichado por el Monaco por 15 millones de euros e hizo su debut el 1 de febrero, jugando 71 minutos de una derrota por 3-1 ante el Niza.

Selección nacional
En septiembre de 2022 recibió su primera convocatoria a la , con la que debutó el 22 del mismo mes en la victoria por 2-0 en la Liga de Naciones de la UEFA ante .

Participaciones en Copas del Mundo

Palmarés

Campeonatos nacionales

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Youssouf Fofana en FFF.
 Youssouf Fofana en Transfermarkt.
 .

Nacidos en París
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-19 de Francia
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-20 de Francia
Futbolistas de la selección de fútbol sub-21 de Francia
Futbolistas de Francia en la Copa Mundial de 2022
Futbolistas del Racing Club de Strasbourg
Futbolistas de la Association Sportive de Monaco Football Club

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home News Culture
Sheikha Mozah's role in clinic that 'treats' homosexuality raises eyebrows at Cornell
Some students at Cornell University's main campus in New York are questioning whether it is appropriate for Qatar's first lady to sit on the board of the school's medical college after learning about Qatar's Alaween Social Rehabilitation Center.
The center, which treats addictions to alcohol, drug and Internet use, as well as deviant and unusual sexual behaviors, was founded by Sheikha Mozah bint Nasser in 2006.
According to the SRC's website, part of its mandate is to counsel those with homosexual tendencies. It cites one example of a psychiatrist counseling a woman in a relationship with another woman to stop "her unhealthy sexual behavior" and separate from her partner.
The Cornell Daily Sun reports:
Members of Cornell's Student Assembly had planned to propose a resolution calling for the University to investigate the matter at its meeting Thursday, but decided on Tuesday to delay the vote…
"I personally don't believe [The Al Aween Center] is a viable option in finding a 'cure' for homosexuality," said (Nate Treffeisen, LGBTQ Liaison at Large for the Student Assembly, who had worked on drafting the resolution).
"I don't think the standards Cornell has here should be different anywhere else in the world. When something like this comes along, you start to question that."
As a member of the Weill Cornell Board of Overseers, the Sheikha is part of a team that makes important managerial decisions related to the medical college. She also helped to bring a branch of Weill Cornell's medical school to Qatar.
Ramzy, Qatar editor of Gay Middle East asks:
How can one of the main players of Weill Cornell in Qatar believe that gays and lesbians not only can be, but SHOULD be rehabilitated, and has set up a social rehabilitation center to do just that? How is this affecting the teaching that is being done at the school?
When it comes to teaching about homosexuality, which is surely a subject that would come up at a medical school, how does Weill Cornell in Qatar deal with this? If the message from the President of Weill Cornell's funding body in Qatar and an overseer of the school as a whole is funding rehabilitation for gays and lesbians, surely the school is restricted in teaching about such an important issue? Or, is their teaching skewed towards the idea that homosexuality is wrong?
Though students have yet to demand the school launch any formal investigation into the matter, the story has been one of the Daily Sun's most popular reads this week.
And as Qatar makes more inroads into education and development, it will surely have to learn how to balance its conservative Islamic values with more liberal Western philosophies.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Samsung Z Edge 2019 with SND 845 chipset, 8GB RAM is coming SOON!
According to our sources, a new Samsung device name Samsung Z Edge 2019 is now in the work with great specs like SND 845 chipset, 8GB RAM! For more information, read on!
Previously, we caught a report about the appearance of one new Samsung series name Samsung Z. In details, the origin of the news came from a popular site Weibo. Furthermore, 3DFuture.net website also brought the handset sketch to life based on the draft. For now, the new device is reportedly having the name Samsung Z Edge 2019. Regarding the design, the new Galaxy Z Edge features a curved top and bottom display, placing the edges in those areas, instead of the sides.
On the other hand, the Samsung handset also has a metal panel. There is also a camera mechanism that integrates the flash and pulse sensor below it and side speakers. On top of that, it comes with an innovative small 0.96-inch top secondary display that reminds the time and messages. Coming to the specification, the main screen features a 6.28-inch Full HD + OLED display. It also includes for the first time the under display fingerprint sensor.
Regarding the hardware, the phone takes power from the Snapdragon 845 processor, paired with 8GB of RAM and 128GB of storage. Photography-wise, Samsung Z Edge 2019 camera consists of a single rear sensor of 24MP (f/1.7, 26mm, 1/2.5″, 1.4µm, dual pixel PDAF), OIS, LED flash, and a 16MP selfie camera on the front. In addition, the 4300mAh battery with fast charging technology should give enough energy for all challenging tasks. Lastly, the Samsung handset is going to come running on Android 9.0 Pie operating system!
According to our source, the Galaxy Z Edge release date is speculated to be at the end of next year. Meanwhile, since this is a flagship device, we expect the Samsung Galaxy Z Edge 2019 price to be in a higher range, approximately around $899 ~ Rs. 65, 518. What do you think about this device? Let us know with a comment!


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Meha Nelson
Her dynamic maps predict the risk of traffic accidents at any given time and place thanks to an AI based on environmental factors
Photo credit: Bola Adegbulu
Predina
About 1.35 million people die each year as a result of traffic accidents according to the World Health Organization. In fact, this is the leading cause of death among young people. To that extent we must add the 20 to 50 million people who suffer non-fatal injuries as well as disabilities resulting from them. To address this problem, Meha Nelson, with a degree in Computer Science from Amity University, India, and a Masters in artificial intelligence from Edinburgh University, UK, co-founded Predina in 2016. The start-up that uses machine learning models to dynamically predict accident risk.
What makes the technology unique is that rather than using driver behavior for its predictions, Nelson analyzes data from the driving context and environment. Together with their co-founder, Bola Adegbulu, they have created Guardian, a dynamic accident risk map built from more than two million traffic accident records in the UK over a ten-year period. With this tool they can predict, given a location and a time of day, the risk of having an accident.
"Predictions can be made from the present and up to 48 hours in the future," explains Nelson. Guardian is also able to anticipate the severity of the accident, if it occurs, and its causes. To build their model, they have included 28 contextual variables that directly or indirectly influence each accident, such as the type of road, weather, traffic, holiday seasons, and the coincidence of sporting events. Their models rely on these large datasets to "draw the scene" of each of the accidents, Nelson explains.
Predina has already tested Guardian in real-world environments with one of the world's largest suppliers of industrial gases, which distributes its products through a large fleet of trucks. After an initial test in which they achieved an accuracy of more than 70% in the prediction of accidents, they connected Guardian through an API to the navigation devices of one of their client's fleets in The United Kingdom. For six months Guardian sent an audible alert each time the truck entered and left a high-risk area. "The result was a 25% reduction in the number of accidents compared to the previous year, while in locations where it was not used, it increased by 41%," explains Nelson.
Despite the good results, getting the approval of end-users was not easy. If truck drivers receive too many risk warnings (false alarms), they lose attention. "You have to give them the right information and not overload them," explains Nelson. To do this, new data and prioritization rules were incorporated into the system. For example, there are areas like London that are always high-risk because there have been a large number of accidents. However, as Nelson points out, "This does not mean that an accident will happen there every hour." For these areas Predina establishes "a general risk baseline" and if they detect a rise above it, they know that they are faced with relevant information. They also take into account the severity factor. They prioritize cases that can lead to truck deaths or rollovers as opposed to others with lower severity rates indicative of bruises or scratches.
Meha hopes that governments will use their system in the future to modify dangerous roads and build safer ones. They are also in conversation with Google to connect their API to the Waze navigation application. As Guardian is based solely on context, it could also work just as well for driverless transportation.
For Barbara IoT's Co-Founder and member of the jury of Innovators Under 35 Europe 2019, Javier Agüera, the Predina system "can have a significant impact on the transportation industry even before new-generation driverless vehicles become common." As a matter of fact, Nelson's effort is part of the goals of the Agenda 2030 for Sustainable Development, which aims to halve the number of deaths and injuries caused by road accidents be reduced to half in the upcoming year.
By Elena Zafra
More in Software
Song Han
Making the software that lets powerful AI programs run more smoothly
Mohamed Labadi
Developed software solutions for modeling and simulation of real world multi-physics and complex engineered systems
Amer Al Jaberi
Developed "E7", the first passport reader that can detect fraud with 99% accuracy
Heba Aly
Research scientist building intelligent systems that help improve our day to day life
See all in Software…


Minimal amount of discharge/ Dry Days: These days are coinciding with the follicular phase of the Menstrual Cycle, when all the resources of the system are aimed at the maturation of the egg.
Sticky and Thick Discharge: This kind of mucous is not suitable for conception.
Profuse Watery Discharge: This happens to occur during the peak of the ovulation and therefore, it is advised to abstain from sexual life.
Whitish Thick discharge is observed until menstruation.
During the course of pregnancy, the egg white discharge tends to stay for a longer period of time than usual. This happens as the level of estrogen remains rather high. After the formation of the mucous plug along the uterine cervix, the mucus tends to thicken. Thus, with the changes of the phases of the pregnancy, these changes are observed.


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Department of Energy: Webinar Invitation on Regional Clean Energy Technology Innovation
September 29, 2016 @ 2:30 pm - 4:00 pm UTC-5
Regional clean energy innovation ecosystems are bringing together U.S. universities, national laboratories, business and industry, and the public sector to advance critical research, development and demonstration (RD&D) strategies to achieve a low-carbon 21st century energy economy. This significant interest reflects the spirit of the announcement of Mission Innovation at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP21) last November 30.
Mission Innovation, a call to double RD&D resources in the energy arena, was announced by President Obama and 20 other world leaders in Paris at the COP21 to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. The participating countries have agreed to double their clean energy RD&D budgets within five years – from USD $15 billion/year to USD $30 billion/year.
Please join us to hear the results of several university forums that have been held since April of this year on this important endeavor.
Dr. Franklin Orr, Under Secretary for Science and Energy, U.S. Department of Energy
University Presenters
Moderator: Joe Hezir, Chief Financial Officer, U.S. Department of Energy
Betsy Cantwell: Vice President for Research Development, Office of Enterprise Development, and Interim Chief Operating Officer, Arizona State University Research Enterprise
Tomás Diaz de la Rubia: Chief Scientist and Executive Director, Discovery Park
Gabriel Lopez: Vice President for Research
University of Tennessee, Knoxville
Taylor Eighmy: Vice Chancellor, Research & Engagement
Dan Schwartz: Director, Clean Energy Institute
Brian Anderson: Director, West Virginia University Energy Institute
Additional University Participants that Hosted Events
Amy Carroll: Director of Research Development, Office of the Vice-President for Research
Myron Hardiman: Executive Director, Advancing Minorities' Interest in Engineering
Casandra Rauser: Director of Sustainable LA Grand Challenge, UCLA Office of the Vice Chancellor for Research
University of Colorado at Boulder
Maury Dobbie: Acting Executive Director, Colorado Energy Research Collaboratory, Colorado State University OR Terri Fiez: Vice Chancellor for Research, University of Colorado at Boulder
Charles Riordan: Vice Provost of Research
David Melanson: Assistant Director for External Affairs and Development, Center for Applied Energy Research
Greg Reed: Professor and Director, Center for Energy, Swanson School of Engineering
Jennifer Lyons-Gardner: Assistant Vice President for Research
Additional U.S. Department of Energy Participants
Office of the Chief Financial Officer
Joseph Hezir, Chief Financial Officer
Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability
Patricia Hoffman, Assistant Secretary
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
David Friedman, Acting Assistant Secretary Principal Deputy
Office of Energy Policy and Systems Analysis
Melanie Kenderdine, Director
Neelesh Nerurkar, Deputy Assistant Secretary, Office of Oil and Natural Gas
Office of Indian Energy Policy and Programs
Chris Deschene, Director
Office of Nuclear Energy
John Kelly, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Nuclear Reactor Technologies
Kevin Knobloch, Chief of Staff
Office of Technology Transitions
Jetta Wong, Director
Office of the Under Secretary for Science and Energy
Franklin M. Orr, Jr., Under Secretary for Science and Energy
Kimberly Rasar, Associate Deputy Under Secretary
To register, click here.
http://energy.gov


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SPNU Goes to School: Workshop at LIEP
December, 8th 2021
Workshop given by the SPNU Goes to School team at the International High School LIEP (Lycée International de l'Est Parisien). By interacting with high school students, the SPNU team rose the students' awareness about the diplomatic world, including the UN and its Sustainable Development Goals.
Diplomatic Breakfast: Joseph Maila
Diplomatic breakfast with Joseph Maila, professor of geopolitics, political sociology and international relations at ESSEC and the Catholic Institute of Paris. Prof. Maila explained his role as a French diplomat, before introducing us to the world of academia and research. We also got the opportunity to discuss the future of world politics and democracy.
Conference COP26
November, 17th 2021
Discussion with (1) Stéphane Crouzat, Ambassador in charge of the negotiations about climate change and former diplomatic advisor of Ségolène Royal, and (2) Yann Aguila, state councilor, lawyer at the Paris Bar, and specialist in environmental law. They reflected upon the COP26 negotiations and the objectives set for the future.
SPMUN
November, 12th – 14th 2021
SPNU sent a delegation of over 20 students to Reims for the Sciences Po Model United Nations conference. Over 250 delegates coming from the 7 Sciences Po campuses gathered to discuss the importance of the fight against climate change under the theme "Code Red for Humanity".
Diplomatic Breakfast: Alvaro de Soto
Diplomatic breakfast with Alvaro de Soto, former Under Secretary General of the UN. We got the chance to know more about Mr de Soto's professional journey, and ask him questions about geopolitical crises he mediated (e.g.: the El Salvador or Cyprus cases).
Visit of the Embassy of Brazil
Discussion with Luís Fernando Serra, the Ambassador of Brazil, and Mr Pedro Fontoura, the head of the educational, scientific and technological cooperation service.
Visit of the Embassy of Mexico
October, 28th 2021
Discussion with the ambassador, S.E. Blanca Jiménez Cisneros, and her political advisor, Ms. Tanya Rebolledo-Branski, about social issues in Mexico, including climate change and the place of women.
Visit of the Embassy of China
October, 22nd 2021
Visit of the Montesquieu hotel and its luxurious salons and gardens, conference given about the Chinese culture and development, and Q&A with young Chinese diplomats.
Blue Diplomacy Cycle: Conference II
October, 21st 2021
Conference with His Excellency Mr Gérard Araud, Permanent Representative of France to the UN (2009-2014) and Ambassador of France to the United States (2014-2019). Mr Araud shared his vision of the challenges in the Indo-Pacific area for France and Europe, including the 2021 submarine crisis.
Visit of the Embassy of Pakistan
Visit of the embassy premises and Q&A with the diplomat "chargé d'affaires". We exchanged about Pakistan's relations with Afghanistan, China and India, as well as Pakistan's progress regarding women's rights and education.
Diplomatic Breakfast: Panama
Discussion with S.E. Issamary Sanchez Ortega, the Ambassador of Panama in France, about the country's position in the current international affairs.
Diplomatic Breakfast: Saudi Arabia
Diplomatic breakfast with H.E. Mr. Fahad Alruwaily, Ambassador of Saudi Arabia in France, in his residence. After being offered a traditional Saudi coffee, students had the opportunity to ask all their questions to the ambassador around a magnificent breakfast buffet.
Blue Diplomacy Cycle: Conference I
Inaugural lecture of the cycle given by His Excellency Mr Olivier Poivre d'arbor, Ambassador in charge of Poles and Maritime Issues. He shared with us an overview of the "maritimisation" of the world in all areas and explained what the role of diplomacy could be.
Visit of the Embassy of Canada
October, 8th 2021
Visit of the Cultural Center of the Embassy and an exhibition about climate change. Mrs Amy Baker, the Deputy Head of Mission, and Mr Vincent Garneau, the Head of the Political Section of the Embassy, answered our questions and asked us what we -as citizens and young people- expected from our representatives and our diplomatic figures.
Visit of the Embassy of Azerbaijan
Visit of the Cultural Center of the Embassy, introduction to the Azerbaijani art, and Q&A with the ambassador of Azerbaijan. We discussed about the country's challenges, as well as the important role France and the youth could play in the building of peace in the region.
Conférence Asie-Afrique (SPNUxRIMUN)
October, 1st 2021
Discussion between (1) Jean-Joseph Boillot, a researcher associated with IRIS, (2) Claude Mbowou, a political scientist, (3) Xavier Aurégan, a doctor in Geography-Geopolitics, and (4) Thierry Pairault, a sinologist and socio-economist. They analysed the extent to which the growing interest of Asia towards Africa will play a decisive role in the future of the African continent.
Visit of the Embassy of Argentina
Visit of the Embassy premises and Q&A with one of their diplomats, the Minister Counsellor, and the Head of the Economic Section. We talked about Argentina's current position in international relations and their life as diplomats.
Diplomatic Breakfast: Bernard Miyet
September, 8th 2021
Diplomatic breakfast with Bernard Miyet, President of the Association Française pour les Nations Unies, Former Ambassador and Deputy Secretary General of the UN in New York (under Kofi Annan). Mr Miyet shared with us valuable advice on how to advance our diplomatic careers.
LIMUN
February 21st – 23rd 2020
Sciences Po delegation to London International Model United Nations
Mini-MUN : Foreign intervention in Yemen, DISEC
CYCLE UNESCO :
Meeting with Véronique Roger-Lacan, the French Ambassador to UNESCO
Diplomatic Drinks
Discussion with Alexander Murugasu, the foreign affairs advisor to the ministry
Discussion led by Tristan Landry, Head of the Political Section of the Embassy of Canada
Visit of the Canadian Cultural Centre
Visit of the Embassy of Bangladesh
Meeting with Mr. Kazi Imtiaz Hossain, ambassador of Bangladesh
Diplomatic breakfast
With Damien Cristofari, Head of the External Relations Service of the European Union to the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs (MEAE)
Discussion with Mr. Rodrigo Pintado, the Counsellor of the Embassy of Mexico in France
With Alessandro Giacone, historian specializing in Franco-Italian diplomatic relations
With Friedrich Von Kirchbach, former UN diplomat and economist
Visit of the Centre for Diplomatic Archives of the Ministry of Europe and Foreign Affairs
Visit for the 'Centre de crise et de Soutien du MEAE
Meeting with the Embassador and Q&A Session
Atelier avec la Délégation aux Fonctionnaires Internationaux
Avec M. Karges, chargé du programme Jeunes Experts Associés au sein de la DFI
With Sophie Jacquin, who has worked for the United Nations at the department of information and as a spokesperson for the MINURSO.
Visit of the Embassy of Kuwait
Discussion with Mr Zeyad ALMASHAN, Minister Plenipotentiary at the embassy
Visit of the Embassy of Singapore
Welcome Speech by Singapore Ambassador to France, Mr. Zainal Mantaha
MiniMUN
Visit of the Canadian Embassy
Guided Tour ; Discussion with Sir Vincent Klassen, Minister Counsellor and Sir Charles Hudon, Second Secretary of the embassy (Political Affairs & Francophonie)
Exhibition "Déplacements" with the artist Dominique Blain
Visit of the Brazilian Embassy
Guided Tour and discussion with Sir Luis Fernandez Serra, ambassador and Sir Rodrigo Wiese Randig, diplomat and head of the education section.
Bernard Miyet
President, Association Française pour les Nations Unies
Former Under-Secretary General for Peacekeeping Operations
Malaysia's foreign policy
H.E. Dato' Dr. Azfar Mohamad Mustafar Ambassador of Malaysia to France
La diplomatie par et pour les femmes
H.E. Sylvie Bergmann
Ambassador of France to Russia
Visit to the Embassy of the United States of America
Nathan Cooper, Special Assistant to the Ambassador
Luke Greicius, Political Officer
Laila Hasan, Political Officer
We would also like our gratitude to the Junior Diplomat Initiative France for partnering and coordinating this event with us.
Phnom Penh 1975: l'ambassade de France au coeur du drame Cambodgien
Eric Lechevallier
Archiviste au ministère des Affaires étrangères
Pablo Ahumada,
Diplomat at the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Can the UN be saved?
Arthur L. Dahl
Joachim Monkelbaan
With Tatjana Saranca and Schams El Ghoneimi
Former European Parliament advisors
Bruno Stagno Ugarte
Deputy Executive Director for Advocacy, Human Rights Watch
Diplomatic breakfast: Brexit
Schams El Ghoneimi
Former Brexit advisor to the European Parliament
La montée des partis nationalistes en Europe
Daniel Kooij
European Affairs Adviser at the Embassy of the Netherlands
Categories Projects
Previous 2019-2020 Team
Next 2021-2022 Team


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Planting requires technical knowledge - and equipment. One of the difficulties faced by professional garden and landscape designers, who work with plans, is that plants can be very choosey. A plant which sulks in one bed can spring to life in another. Gardeners therefore keep moving plants from place to place, for both horticultural and aesthetic reasons.


text:
Review: THE CONTRACTOR- The Chris Pine Led Action-Thriller is a Crackling Black Ops Adrenaline Rush Layered with a Poignant Human Story
What do warriors do when they are no longer able to use the lethal skills that they acquired throughout the years to protect the freedom and sovereignty of this country?
This is the underlying question of Paramount Pictures latest military style action-thriller The Contractor which boasts an eclectic cast including Star Trek's Chris Pine, his Hell or High Water co-star Ben Foster and Jack Bauer himself Kiefer Sutherland. This is more than an action movie as there are intense underlying themes about the treatment of vets as well as how far some will go for patriotism. If you're expecting to see a Michael Bay bombastic affair than look elsewhere as this is more of a slow burn thriller punctuated with violent adrenaline and intense situations.
Pine stars as James Harper, a special forces sergeant who is involuntary discharged from the Army after suffering a detrimental knee injury and also due to the fact that he has become dependent on pain killers. To make matters worse, the powers that be have stripped Harper of his pension which he so rightly deserves forcing him to find alternative means to provide for his wife played by Gillian Jacobs and his young son.
Harper's comrade in arms Mike offers a solution for all his financial woes by joining a private, underground military contractor led by Kiefer Sutherland. At first it looks too good to be true as the money is great but unfortunately Harper's first assignment goes horribly awry. There's more than meets the eye here as the target is not all that he seems.
Now on the run from the very people that he works for, Harper must run a gauntlet of trained and efficient killers in a do or die mission to uncover the truth behind a vast conspiracy. Not knowing who he can trust, Harper relies on all his tactical skills to keep him alive and one step ahead of his assailants as he tries to make his way home to his family and uncover what is really behind this conspiracy.
As the lead in an action film movie, Chris Pine is no stranger as he has starred in a host of films including Jack Ryan: Shadow Recruit, Outlaw King and, of course, the newest reboot of the Star Trek franchise. Pine has a multitude of strengths here as he definitely looks the part of a seasoned war professional but there is also a layer of sympathetic restraint to which Pine plays his role with steadfast steaminess. This is clearly one of the best, if not best, performances from Pine as he injects heart, sympathy and a quiet rage to his performance as the fallen warrior who is trying to find out what how he fits into a world that has forsaken him.
In the quieter moments of the movie, Pine is believable as a man who has nothing to lose, and it is in these moments that Pine rises to the occasion delivering a stoic and emotional portrayal of a warrior looking for a new war to fight. I hear all the time that actors like Pine don't look like action stars, but I ask you what does an action star look like? Do they have to be the comic book caricatures that we got in the 80's? Of course not. If anything, Pine looks more like a special forces soldier than Stallone or Schawzenegger did. These men in real life aren't all 6'5 and 250 pounds. They look like regular men. They look like you and me except for the fact that they have a very deadly skill set and they know how to use it. I should know as I trained many of them during my days as a martial arts instructor. This argument is invalid nowadays and when someone tells me someone doesn't look like an action star, I just roll my eyes.
Pine's supporting cast is top tier as he is surrounded by a legit crew that includes Ben Foster whom he has worked with before on the emotional action-drama Hell or High Water. Foster stars as Mike who served with Harper and the two are tight as they have seen the horrors of what men can do. The two import their great on-screen chemistry from the other film and Foster matches Pine's performance verbatim and his character has more going on then is first introduced. Foster is one of those actors that can act with his eyes and expressions and here is no different.
As the shadowy leader of the clandestine black ops group simply known as Rusty, Kiefer Sutherland is once again one of the best aspects of the proceedings. Unfortunately, Sutherland's screentime is limited but he raises the stakes in every scene that he's in. In hindsight, I would have loved to see his character fleshed out a little more with what was driving him, but we only get the surface of it which is a missed opportunity.
Like I stated earlier, those of you expecting a mindless and violent action film will be disappointed. This film is a crackling adrenaline rush, but it takes its time to amp it up as the audience spends some time with Harper and his family. It really pays off as we are invested in him when things go south, and we really want to see him survive and make it home. There are many themes to the story including the plight of vets after they have served and howe the country treats them after they have essentially sacrificed themselves for the greater good. There are also the rumblings of what war does to the morality of men and how damaging blind patriotism truly is.
I wasn't familiar with Tarik Saleh who helmed the movie, but I applaud him for delivering a smarter action film that is much more than just bullets and explosions. Saleh uses the strengths of his cast and isn't afraid to get to the heart of certain subjects like the ones I mentioned before the chaos ensues. Saleh makes you think a little while you watch, and this definitely gives the action another layer to it.
The plot may seem familiar with our stalwart hero getting involved in a shadowy conspiracy, but the cast and their performances elevate it to another level. Yes, we know that Sutherland's Rusty is probably up to no good, but we still want to see how it all plays out. Pine is the catalyst for the running time, and it is through him that this ride will want to be taken.
When the action does hit, it's visceral and low key with some truly shocking violent moments. There are essentially three set pieces in the film and the action is shot coherent and steady so we can see the consequences of the situations. The chaos is like a punctuation point to the drama and it's done for the sake of the story which is refreshing. Pine and Foster really excel in the noisier moments and look the part as seasoned warriors in the way they move and how they handle their weapons. Even when the bullets aren't flying, the taut, tense feel of the movie will keep you riveted to the screen and the payoff is more than welcome. The firefight in the middle of the film is the definite highlight and the casualties mount so it will surely keep you guessing as to who will survive.
The finale may leave you a little unsatisfied as the inevitable confrontation between Harper and Rusty is over before it gets started but I felt it was a more realistic outcome which matched the rest of the movie. A more drawn-out throwdown would have seemed out of place so in hindsight, it ends the only way it could have.
Overall, The Contractor is a more adult and dramatic affair, with standout performances from the stellar cast. This is an action-thriller with something to say and the action compliments the story, and it is its own character. I wish that Paramount kept the film's original title of Violence of Action as it suits it far better. The Contractor makes it sound like this is just another mindless film but that couldn't be any farther from the truth. Pine delivers his best performance, and the supporting cast are solid as well with Foster complimenting him every step of the way. It is equal parts human drama and black ops adrenaline and the yin yang aesthetic compliments the story which is a change of pace from most action films we get nowadays. Give the movie a chance to simmer at the beginning because the payoff is rewarding and satisfying. The Contractor is one of the most pleasant surprises of the year so far and is a strong contender for making my top 10 best of list for 2022.
VERDICT: 4 Out of 5 Stars
ACTION-FLIX APPROVED
The Contactor is a Legit and Crackling Black Ops Adrenaline Rush Combined with a Poignant and very Human Story.
The Contractor is Available in Theaters and On Demand and Digital April 1st from Paramount Pictures!
March 28, 2022 March 29, 2022 Ben Foster, Chris Pine, Kiefer Sutherland, Paramount Pictures, The Contractor
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Furthermore (sorry, I was still thinking about it, and a new thought occurred to me), "the inability to remain at ease in the presence of another person who is ill at ease" is not at all a necessary ingredient for kindness. Indeed, if you remain at peace while another is anxious, you are not only more easily able to tap into that peace and channel it into kindness, you are also more likely to be helpful. If you became anxious at well, that would not be very calming or helpful; whereas if you remained present with love and peace you would be in a position to be more kind than you could ever be while anxious.
It's an incredible flaw of logic to say that kindness is being uncomfortable, when true kindness could only come from true inner peace, which is unaffected by outer circumstances.
I think the Rabbi has confused kindness with empathy, or maybe even guilt. Kindness isn't about one's discomfort, it's about one's actions. If you're merely uncomfortable when someone else is troubled, it doesn't necessarily mean you're kind. Lots of people are uncomfortable in the presence of another's pain, and act in an unkind manner because of their discomfort. Kindness is an outer thing, an active thing. It may be borne out of those feelings, but it is not those feelings alone. Inarguably, if you never take outward action, those feelings alone cannot be said to constitute kindness.
Many thanks for your thoughtful and thought provoking comment(s)!
Yes!! That is saying a mouthful!


Tickets will cost just £20.
Whilst we would love for tickets to be free to everyone, charing this small amount for tickets is necessary in order to cover some of the costs associated with putting on such a high-profile event.
Attendees will get a proportion of their ticket cost back to spend in our TEDxNorwichED bookshop at the event.


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Mount Assiniboine and the Citadel as viewed from the gorgeous high alpine meadows on the Great Divide. Quartz Ridge, which is a high vantage point out on the meadows, allows this stunning view of both the peak and massif Assiniboine dominates. Standing guard in the mid ground is the stoic Citadel.
The high meadows on the Great Divide are a wonderous section of Rocky Mountain geography.Mt. Assiniboine off in the distance , domiantes the massif it holds sway over.The Citadel, in the mid ground, guards the entrance way via Citael Pass on the route into Assiniboine. The trip out on the meadows is one your memory will hold onto forever. The sight of this section of Rocky Mountain spledour is a breathtaking example of the dazzling Rocky Mountain Landscape.


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De thuiskomst van geallieerde Amerikaanse soldaten resulteerde in een gecombineerd initiatief van verschillende grote architecten (onder wie Richard Neutra, Raphael Soriano, Craig Ellwood, Charles en Ray Eames, Pierre Koenig en Eero Saarinen) genaamd the 'case study house program', opgezet door John Entenza en gesponsord door het tijdschrift Arts & Architecture.

Het doel van Entenza was om de residentiële housing boom, wat het gevolg was van de Tweede Wereldoorlog, tegen te gaan. Het programma bestond uit een catalogus van goedkope en efficiënte woningen, de 'case study houses'. Het programma vond met tussenpozen plaats van 1945 tot 1966.
De eerste zes woningen waren gebouwd voor 1948 en trokken meer dan 350.000 bezoekers. Terwijl niet alle 36 ontwerpen zijn gebouwd zijn de meeste gebouwd in de omgeving van Los Angeles; enkele kunnen teruggevonden worden in de San Francisco Bay Area en één werd gebouwd in Phoenix. Julius Shulman, een architectuurfotograaf, verzorgde voor enkele woningen de fotografie.

Lijst met Case Study Houses

Referenties
 Entenza, John (januari 1945) "Announcement: The Case Study House Program". Arts and Architecture

 McCoy, Esther. "Case Study Houses". 2e editie. 1977, Hennessey & Ingalls

 Travers, David (januari 2007) "About Arts & Architecture". Arts & Architecture-website - 21 april 2009

Externe links
 Arts & Architecture Mag: The Case House Study Program
 Interview met Rodney Walkers zonen
 Ten Case Study Houses now listed in the National Register of Historic Places. Artikel 21 augustus 2013
 Info over CSH en Shulman op KCET

Bouwwerk in Los Angeles
Huis in de Verenigde Staten


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Psychedelic Science Review
Shocking New Results Show Denver's "Magic" Mushroom Measure Passing
Newly-released "Final Unofficial" election results from the City of Denver show a 50.56% lead for "Yes" to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms
May 08, 2019 - By Science Review Team
The City of Denver appears to have voted to decriminalize psilocybin mushrooms
"Final Unofficial Results" recently released by the City of Denver show 50.56% of votes counted were cast in favor of Initiated Ordinance 301 (I-301), the ballot initiative that would de-prioritize the enforcement of psilocybin mushroom possession and consumption offenses in the Colorado city. Numerous outlets (including our own) reported last night that the initiative had failed, with the "No" side leading by about 10% with the majority of votes counted and all precincts reporting. Now, it appears that the vote has passed, at least for the time being.
The official Denver Election Results page on The City and County of Denver website has now been updated to show a slim 1,979 margin of victory for proponents of I-301. The current "Final Unofficial Results" now show that 89,320 votes (50.56%) were cast for Initiated Ordinance 301 and 87,341 votes (49.44%) were cast against. Tallies earlier last night showed 42,703 votes (45%) were cast for I-301 and 51,285 votes (55%) against. Additionally, results now show a whopping 8,410 "under votes", meaning voters did not select either option, far larger than the 1,979 vote difference between "Yes" and "No".
Advocacy group "Decriminalize Denver" and their leader Kevin Matthews had already conceded defeat after last night's results. Matthews was quoted by USA Today as saying, "Tonight. it was win or learn. At the very least, we've demonstrated that we can get psilocybin legislation on the ballot. My mindset is that it's not a loss, it's a lesson." Little did Matthews know, a win could very much still be in the cards. Though, at this point, it would be unsurprising to see a recount.
"What an amazing 22 hours," Kevin Matthews told the Washington Post today in their updated story about the passing of the measure. "We're really looking forward to creating a positive relationship with city officials in Denver and working with and educating Denver residents, and being part of the continuing conversation."
If the vote is finalized, Denver will become the first city in the United States to effectively "decriminalize" psilocybin ("magic") mushrooms. Advocates of progressive drug policy hope that this could ignite a wave of reduced penalties and even legalization of psilocybin mushrooms and other psychedelics, following in the footsteps of cannabis. The state of Colorado passed laws to legalize medicinal use of cannabis in 2000 and recreational use in 2012. Many states have followed suit, and cannabis was legalized federally in Canada last year. Cannabis remains federally illegal in the United States.
It is still unclear how the results of this vote will be practically implemented in the City of Denver. I-301 does not directly address the treatment of psilocybin mushroom extracts, products containing psilocybin mushrooms, psilocybin as a compound itself, or the multitude of other psilocybin derivatives and other currently illegal-to-posses compounds contained within the mushrooms. It is unclear how enforcement of laws pertaining to these substances will change.
Related Timeline Events
Denver Votes to Deprioritize the Enforcement of Psilocybin Mushroom Offenses
What are "Magic Mushrooms?"
Denver Appears to Narrowly Reject "Magic" Mushroom Measure
Everything You Need to Know About Denver's "Magic" Mushroom Vote
More articles about Legal Issues
Denver Mayor Creates Psilocybin Mushroom Policy Review Panel
Usona Follows COMPASS in Receiving Breakthrough Therapy Designation for Psilocybin to Treat Depression
Chicago Follows Oakland, Introduces Resolution to Decriminalize Psychedelic Plants
UK Begins Petition to Decriminalize Possession of Psilocybin Mushrooms
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An indie-rock band from Anacortes, WA that immediately stole my ear's heart with the song, "Anxious Mind." The chemistry between the dual vocalists on this track showcase their abilities to match harmonies as well as get creative in between synths and catchy bass riffs.
I had to learn more about the band and just from their Facebook I came across the tidbit that the main vocalists, (listen to other tracks off the album), Nick and Julianne Thompson, are married which justify my earlier feel of instant chemistry through their soft voices.
This song is the reason I delved further into the band and the live performance of this song is as good, if not better, than the actual studio version. Talented young artists that are worth the listen.


CORBA's 21st Annual Fat Tire Fest and Fundraiser is happening Sunday October 12th at Castaic Lake!
Come join in a fun filled day of mountain biking for the whole family, poker rides for all skill levels, guided rides for beginners and experts by beautiful Castaic Lake. Want to improve your bike handling skills and learn new riding tips? Join 2008 National Champion Jr. Expert Essence Barton who will assist CORBA Skills Instructor Mark Langton in the skills clinic and lead the experts ride.
Compete in MTB games of skill like the Cynergy Hill Climb contest and Bike Warrior's Wheelie contest and demo for the grand prize! Win the log pull contest for the fastest time!
New Events! This year test your balance and agility with the Bike Limbo contest - how low can you go on a bike? Have fun and learn bike safety with the Kids Bike Rodeo for children ten and under.
Catered lunch. Snacks available from Whole Foods.
Raffle ticket holders can win these and other great prizes!!
Women's Rockhopper Comp from Specialized!
Two Simple Seven cruisers from Giant!
Novara System 2.0 mountain bike from REI!
Superlight D XC bike from Santa Cruz!
Raffle Tickets on Sale All Day! Raffle Sessions at Noon, 2 PM and 3 PM.
And more!!! Visit the Fat Tire Fest web site to see all our exhibitors who will be at the event, donors and fantastic prizes you can win! See the latest gear and bikes you can demo from all our exhibitors! Come out and RIDE! Have fun all day at scenic Castaic Lake! Come out to support CORBA's mountain bike trail access and advocacy efforts in Los Angeles and the surrounding area!! Your contributions to CORBA and all our volunteer programs ensure continued trail opportunities for the mountain bike community!


text:
\section{Introduction}

For decades, the phenomenology of the $\Delta$(1232 MeV) resonance, was modelled as a Rarita-Schwinger (RS)
vector spinor field $\Psi_\mu$ with a free Lagrangian

\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{free}  =  \overline{\psi}_\mu(x){\cal K}(\partial,A)^{\mu\nu}\Psi_{\nu}(x)
\label{eq1}
\end{equation}
where

\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal K}(\partial,A)^{\mu\nu} & = & R \left(-{1 \over 2}(1+A)\right)^{\mu\mu'}
                                    \left[ \epsilon_{\mu'\nu'\alpha\beta}\partial^{\alpha}\gamma^{\beta}\gamma_{5} +
                                         im\sigma_{\mu'\nu'}
                                    \right]
                               R \left(-{1 \over 2}(1+A)\right)^{\nu'\nu}
\label{eq2}
\end{eqnarray}
being  $\ensuremath{\sigma_{\mu,\nu}=\frac{i}{2}[\gamma_{\mu},\gamma_{\nu}]=i\gamma_{\mu\nu}},\epsilon_{0123}=1,
\gamma_{5}=i\gamma^{0}\gamma^{1}\gamma^{2}\gamma^{3}$, and
$R_{\mu\nu}(a)=g_{\mu\nu}+a\gamma_{\mu}\gamma_{\nu}$)\footnote{These are Bjorken and Drell conventions.}.
Note that the matrices
$R \left(-{1 \over 2}(1+A)\right)$ appear because by construction the field $\Psi_\mu$ has a spurious spin $1/2$
component  and as a consequence the Lagrangians  ${\cal L}_{free}$  are connected by the contact transformation
$\Psi^\mu \rightarrow R^{\mu \nu} \Psi_\nu,~~A\rightarrow {A-2a\over 1+4a}$($A\neq -\frac{1}{2}$),
which change the proportion of the $1/2$ states while leaving the equations of motion invariant.

Interaction
with nucleon $\psi$ and pion $\phi$ fields have been studied using the chiral invariant term which dominates at small energies \cite{Nathetal}:

\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{I_1} = g_{1} \bar{\psi}\partial_{\mu}\phi^{\dag}\cdot{\bf T} R
                       \left( {1 \over 2}(1+4Z_1)A+Z_1 \right)^{\mu\nu}\Psi_{\nu} + c.c.,
\label{NEK}
\end{equation}
where $I_1$ indicates that we have an interaction with a first derivative, {\it i.e} at order $q_\pi$, and it is also
invariant (at the level of the equations of motion and the amplitudes) under contact transformations.
It is clear that the A-dependence cancels up in any physical amplitude, whose dependence on $Z_1$ persists.
$Z_1$ is thus a free parameter of the interaction \cite{Marianoetal2012}.

But this interaction has been shown to be problematic from the  formal relativistic field theory point of view
since for certain background pion fields the Fock space becomes non-positive definite, \cite{Hagen}.
However, this term can be used to get
low energy amplitudes since it is the most general  first derivative Lagrangian  respecting
covariance and chiral symmetry , and admits a nonproblematic perturbative order by order approach for the amplitude
\cite{WeinbergFolk}. Other concern about Delta interaction amplitudes, the existence
of the so-called ``spin 1/2 background'', has been proved baseless since lowest spin representation contributions are
present in other cases \cite{Benmerroucheetal}.

In order to try solving these shortcommings of the interaction $I_1$, and based on the supposition that
the key for doing so was the decoupling of the spin 1/2 sector from amplitudes,
during  the last decade  a new interaction of second derivative order,{\it i.e} $\sim q_\pi q_\Delta$, \cite{Pascalutsa1998}
has been proposed and extensively used. It
has been conjectured to solves both the signature problem and the concern about the spin 1/2 background. It reads

\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{I2} =
-g_{2}\partial_{\alpha}\bar{{\Psi}}_{\mu}R\left(\frac{1}{2}(1+4Z_2)A+Z_2)\right)_{\,\sigma}^{\mu}\epsilon^{\sigma\nu\alpha\beta}\gamma_{\beta}\gamma_{5}\partial_{\nu}\Phi.
+ c.c.
\label{P}
\end{equation}
It is important to note that this interaction term is the most general second order interaction derivative in the pion
(which is necessary for chiral invariance), provided all free parameters are set such that Lagrange multiplier fields of the
free theory do not aquire dynamics due to the interaction, as explained in the appendix. This criterion, subject to some
controversy \cite{Benmerroucheetal}, is nonetheless the one used to fix $Z_1=1/2$ for $I_1$ in \cite{Nathetal}, and for $I_2$
it leads to $Z_2=-1/2$, which corresponds to the interaction originally proposed by \cite{Pascalutsa1998}.

Nevertheless we have shown recently that this new interaction presents the same signature problems than the conventional
${\cal L}_{I_1}$
\cite{Badagnanietal2017}, it couples  to a spin 1/2 background in radiative amplitudes and renormalization considerations force
the reintroduction of conventional terms \cite{Badagnanietal2015}.

In addition as expected from general considerations from Effective Field Theory in the resonance region,
(EFT) that consider a contribution of the pion momentum to the power counting of $\delta=(m_N-m_\pi)/\Lambda_{\chi PT}$ or
$m_\pi/\Lambda_{\chi PT}~\delta^2$ depending of its value, both interactions are of the same order since momentum coming from
$\partial_\mu \Psi_\nu$ behaves as order $~1$ at threshold \cite{Badagnanietal2015}.
Furthermore, from the phenomenological point of view, the fit to data from
the new interaction is by no means superior to the conventional \cite{Marianoetal2012} in the resonance region.
All these comments suggest that we should consider $I_1$ and $I_2$ togheter. We consider $I_2$ of higher order in consideration
of the dimmension of the coupling constant and the number of derivatives in the term, in line with \cite{WeinbergNuc}.

The newer interaction $I_2$ could  be easily seen to be simply the next
order in derivatives from the conventional coupling \cite{Badagnanietal2015, Badagnanietal2017}.
The addition of each term $I_k$ implies the incorporation of a new parameter to fit (the corresponding coupling
constant). In this paper we will work with both the $I_1$ and the next derivative order $I_2$,
and will  explore the possible phenomenological consequences of considering its coexistence in the case pion-nucleon scattering.
Then we consider the Lagrangian
\begin{equation}
{\cal L}_{\Delta}  =  {\cal L}_{free} + {\cal L}_{I_1} + {\cal L}_{I_2}.
\label{eq3}
\end{equation}

The structure of the paper is as follows. In Section (2) we build the Feynman amplitude for the elastic\footnote{
In spite we use the terminology ``elastic'' we also will try together the charge exchange $\pi^- p \rightarrow \pi^0 n$
channel with the same approach.}
$\pi N$ cross section individualizing the cases $g_1=0, g_2=0, g_1,g_2 \neq 0$ in the Lagrangian \rf{eq3}.
In section (3) we show the numerical results for the $s$ and $u$-channel $\Delta$-exchange contributions to the
total cross section
and compare the results obtained in both cases for the different $\pi^+ p, \pi^- p, \pi^- p \rightarrow \pi^0 n$
channels. In section(4) we summarize our conclusions and in the appendix we show the fixing of the off-shell parameters
$Z_1$ and $Z_2$ and the spin projectors in the RS space.

\section{Elastic pion-nucleon amplitude}

We first calculate the tree level elastic nucleon-pion amplitude from the Lagrangian \rf{eq3}.
Let us first cast the propagator of the RS field in terms of projectors on the different spin sectors. This will allow us
to identify the contributions from each one in the amplitude. First, recall that
$A$ in eq. \rf{eq1} is an arbitrary parameter
while $Z_1$ and $Z_2$ are parameters regulating
the coupling to the off-shell sector $\gamma_\mu \gamma_\nu \Psi^\nu$, as can be seen from the definition of $R(a)$,
and from the fact that on shell we have the constraint $\gamma^\nu \Psi_\nu=0$.
The fixing for $Z_k$ from theoretical arguments, as we mention above, remains controversial (see
\cite{Benmerroucheetal}) but we stick to the usual criterion used in \cite{Nathetal, Badagnanietal2017} and the appendix
in order to compare our results with the literature.

Using the properties of $R$ matrices in ${\cal L}_{free}$ at \rf{eq3} we can write the general propagator in terms of the propagator for $A=-1$ (which renders
the calculations simpler) as

\begin{eqnarray}
G(p,A)^{\mu\nu} & = & R^{-1}\left(-{1 \over 2}(1+A)\right)_{\alpha}^{\mu}G\left(p,-1\right)^{\alpha\beta}
                       R^{-1}\left(-{1 \over 2}(1+A)\right)_{\beta}^{\nu}
\label{eq4}
\end{eqnarray}
where $G\left(p,-1\right)_{\mu\nu}$ can be put in terms of the well known projectors $P^{3/2}$,
$P_{11,22}^{1/2}$, $P^{1/2}_{21}$ and $P^{1/2}_{12}$ (see the appendix) as

\begin{eqnarray}
G\left(p,-1\right)_{\mu\nu} & =-\left[
                                  \frac{\slashed{p}+m}{p^{2}-m^{2}}P_{\mu\nu}^{3/2}
                                  - \frac{2}{3m^{2}}(\slashed{p}+m)(P_{22}^{1/2})_{\mu\nu}
                                  + \frac{1}{\sqrt{3}m}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})_{\mu\nu}\right]. &
\label{eq5}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{Graph11.pdf}
  \vspace{-8.5cm}
  \caption{Elastic  amplitude of pion ($\pi$) nucleon (N) scattering splited in $s$(left) and $u$ or cross (right) contributions
  for $\Delta$ resonance.}
  \end{center}
  \label{Fig1}
\end{figure}

Consider the Lagrangian \rf{eq3} with ${\cal L}_{I_1}$ and ${\cal L}_{I_2}$ given by eqs. \rf{NEK} and \rf{P} respectively,
whith $A=-1,Z_1=1/2$, $Z_2=-1/2$; those values for $Z$ were already adopted in refs.\cite{Nathetal} and \cite{Pascalutsa1998}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}_{\Delta} & = & \overline{\psi}_\mu\left[\epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}\partial_{\alpha}\gamma_{\beta}\gamma_{5}
                         +(im\sigma^{\mu\nu}\equiv mR(-1)^{\mu\nu})\right]\Psi_{\nu}  \nonumber  \\
                  &   & + g_{1}\bar{\psi}\partial_{\mu}\phi^{\dag}\cdot{\bf T}R(-1)^{\mu\nu}
                         \Psi_{\nu}+g_{1}\bar{\Psi}_{\mu}R\left(-1\right)^{\mu\nu}\partial_{\nu}
                         \phi\cdot{\bf T^{\dag}}\psi   \nonumber  \\
                  &   & - g_{2}\,\bar{\psi}\partial_{\mu}\phi^{\dag}\cdot{\bf T}
                          \epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}\partial_{\alpha}\gamma_{\beta}\gamma_{5}\Psi_{\nu}
                          +g_{2}\partial_{\alpha}\overline{\psi}_\mu\epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}\gamma_{\beta}\gamma_{5}
                          \partial_{\nu}\phi\cdot{\bf T^{\dag}}\psi,  \label{eq19}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\bf T}$ are the $N\rightarrow \Delta$ isospin excitation operators. Now from it and the  propagator \rf{eq5} we can
calculate the resonance elastic amplitude contribution($R_{\pi N}$) shown in the fig.\rf{Fig1}.
Omitting the nucleon spinors and isospin factors,
letting the incoming and outgoing pions momentum be noted $k$ and $k'$ respectively  and the $\Delta$ momentum
by $p$ the {\it s}-channel amplitude reads

\begin{eqnarray}
R_{\pi N} & = &   g_{1}^{2}k'_{\mu}R^{\mu\alpha}G_{\alpha\beta}(p)R^{\beta\nu}k_{\nu}
                 +g_{2}^{2}k'_{\mu}(-i)\Gamma^{\mu\alpha}(p)G_{\alpha\beta}(p)(-i)\Gamma^{\beta\nu}(p)k_{\nu} \nonumber  \\
          &   &  -g_{1}g_{2}  k'_{\mu}R^{\mu\alpha}G_{\alpha\beta}(p)(-i)\Gamma^{\beta\nu}(p)k_{\nu}
                          -g_{1}g_{2}k'_{\mu}(-i)\Gamma(p)^{\mu\alpha}G_{\alpha\beta}(p)R^{\beta\nu}k_{\nu} \label{eq20}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Gamma^{\mu\nu} (p) = \epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\beta}\gamma_{\beta}\gamma_{5}p_{\alpha}$, $R\equiv R(-1)$
and where we have used
$\partial_{\mu}\psi,\phi,\Psi_{\nu}\sim-iq_{\mu}\psi,\phi,\Psi_{\nu}$. The {\it u}(cross) channel contribution  is
obtained by simply replacing
$p$ by $p-k-k'$ and $k$ by $k'$ in the former expression. Observe that the first two terms correspond to
the first and second order (in derivatives) contributions to the Lagrangian
respectively while the last two can be construed as interference terms between them. Let us analyze first
the amplitude for the first order  derivative interactions. If $g_2=0$ we get the {\it s}-chanel amplitude

\bigskip

\begin{eqnarray}
R^{g_2=0}_{\pi N}
       &=& -(g_1)^2 \frac{\slashed{p}+m}{p^2-m^2} P^{3/2}_{\mu \nu} k_\mu k'_\nu \nonumber \\
       & & - \frac{(g_1)^2}{m^2}
          \left[
             2(\slashed{p}+m) P^{1/2}_{11 \; \mu \nu} + m\sqrt{3} (P^{1/2}_{12}+P^{1/2}_{21})_{\mu \nu}
          \right] k_\mu k'_\nu,
\label{ampleading}
\end{eqnarray}
where the relations
\begin{eqnarray}
R^{\mu\nu} & = &P_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}-\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu} -2(P_{11}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu},\nonumber \\
(p^{\mu}\gamma^{\nu}-\gamma^{\mu}p^{\nu}) & = & \sqrt{3}\not\!p(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu}=-\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu}\not\!p,\nonumber \\
\left[P^{3/2}_{\mu \nu},\not\!p\right]&=&\gamma^\mu P^{3/2}_{\mu\nu}=P^{3/2}_{\mu\nu}\gamma^{\nu}=0,\label{gamma0}
\label{gamma0}
\end{eqnarray}
were used.
The second term in \rf{ampleading} is the so-called ``spin 1/2 background'', but what is relevant for the asymptotic behavior
of the amplitude is that it represents a non-pole (without a pole)  contribution which grows with $p$, since the projectors
go as $p^0$ (see Appendix). On the other hand, if
$g_1=0$ the second order derivative amplitude can be expressed also as a pole and non-pole  term:
\begin{eqnarray}
R^{g_1=0}_{\pi N}
       &=& -(g_2)^2 m^2 \frac{\slashed{p}+m}{p^2-m^2} P^{3/2}_{\mu \nu} k_\mu k'_\nu \nonumber \\
       & & - (g_2)^2  (\slashed{p}+m) P^{3/2}_{\mu \nu} k_\mu k'_\nu
\label{ampderivative}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have used eqs.\rf{gamma0} and that
\begin{eqnarray}
-i\Gamma(p)^{\mu\nu} & = & -\not\!p R^{\mu\nu}-(p^{\mu}\gamma^{\nu}-\gamma^{\mu}p^{\nu})=-R^{\mu\nu}\not\!p+(p^{\mu}\gamma^{\nu}-\gamma^{\mu}p^{\nu}).\label{gamma1}
\end{eqnarray}
Observe that, except for the dimensions of the coupling constants, the pole terms for both amplitudes are identical in form.
Additionaly there is also a non-pole background term as badly behaved asymptotically as the non-pole  term in
\rf{ampleading}. We well might call it a ``spin 3/2 background''.
Putting now both interactions together the amplitude reads

\begin{eqnarray}
R_{\pi N} & = & \left({g_{1}+mg_{2}\over m}\right)^{2}k'_{\mu}\left\{ -p^{2}\frac{\not\!p+m}{p^{2}-m^{2}}P^{\mu\nu}_{3/2}\right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&+&\left[\left({g_{1}+mg_{2}\over m}\right)^{2}-g_{2}^{2}\right]k'_{\mu}\left\{ (\not\!p+m)R^{\mu\nu}+(p^{\mu}\gamma^{\nu}-\gamma^{\mu}p^{\nu})\right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
 & - & 2g_{1}g_{2}k'_{\mu}R^{\mu\nu}k_\nu,\label{bothint1}\\
 & = & -\left(g_{1}+mg_{2}\right)^{2}k'_{\mu}\left\{ \frac{\not\!p+m}{p^{2}-m^{2}}P^{\mu\nu}_{3/2}\right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\&-&\left({g_{1}+mg_{2}\over m}\right)^{2}k'_{\mu}\left\{2(\not\!p+m)(P_{11}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu})+m\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu} \right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&+&g_{2}^{2}k'_{\mu}\left\{2(\not\!p+m)(P_{11}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu})+m\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu} \right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&-& g_2^2 k'_\mu (\not\!p+m)P_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}k_\nu \nonumber \\
 &-& 2g_1g_2k'_\mu\left(P_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}-2(P_{11}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu}-\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu}  \right)k_\nu.\nonumber \\
&=&  -\left({g_{1}+mg_{2}\over m}\right)^{2}k'_{\mu}\left\{ \frac{\not\!p+m}{p^{2}-m^{2}}P^{\mu\nu}_{3/2}\right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&-&{g_{1}^{2}\over m^2}k'_{\mu}\left\{2(\not\!p+m)(P_{11}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu})+m\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu} \right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&-& g_2^2 k'_\mu (\not\!p+m)P_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}k_\nu\nonumber \\
&-& {2g_1g_2\over m} k'_\mu \left(2\not\!p (P^{1/2}_{11})^{\mu\nu}+mP_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}\right) k_\nu,
\label{bothint2}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have assumed that the projectors are defined for each $p^2$, that is the case for the $s$-channel contribution
for which $p^2>0$ always, while for the $u$-channel one, since $p^2$ could be arbitrary small,
it is preferable to express the amplitude without separating pole from non-pole terms, as in eq.\rf{bothint1}.
As can be seen in eq. \rf{bothint2}, the first term corresponds to the pole contribution both in \rf{ampleading}
with $g_2=0$  and  \rf{ampderivative} with $g_1=0$, but now with a coupling constant $g=(g_1+m g_2)$.
The third and fourth terms are the corresponding backgrounds from \rf{ampleading} and \rf{ampderivative},
the last term being a background contribution coming from the interference of both vertices.
If we use these interactions in the region of the resonance, of
course, it is unimportant the individual values of $g_1$ and $g_2$, only the combination $g=(g_1+m g_2)$ would be observable,
but for higher values the backgrounds become relevant, and we might ask if by a judiciously adjustment of both coupling
constants the bad high
energy behavior (generated by the non-pole background) of the amplitude can be moderated.
Let us write the complete amplitude for the $s$-chanel in terms of $g$ and a parameter
$\kappa$ assuming that $g_1 + m g_2 = g $, in order to keep the old peak adjustment, and $g_2 = \kappa g/m$. In this way

\begin{eqnarray}
g_1     & = & (1-\kappa) g \\
g_2     & = & \kappa{g\over m}
\end{eqnarray}
Observe that for $\kappa=0$ we obtain the amplitude for pure leading first derivative interaction, while in the limit $\kappa =1$
we get pure second derivative interaction. The amplitude reads

\begin{eqnarray}
R_{\pi N}
&=&  - g^2 k'_{\mu}\left\{ \frac{\not\!p+m}{p^{2}-m^{2}}P^{\mu\nu}_{3/2}\right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&-&{(1-\kappa)^2\over m^2}g^2 k'_{\mu}\left\{2(\not\!p+m)(P_{11}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu})+m\sqrt{3}(P_{12}^{1/2}+P_{21}^{1/2})^{\mu\nu} \right\} k_{\nu}\nonumber \\
&-& {\kappa^2\over m^2} g^2 k'_\mu (\not\!p+m)P_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}k_\nu \nonumber \\
&-& {2(1-\kappa)\kappa\over m^2}g^2 \left(2\not\!p P^{1/2}_{11}+mP_{3/2}\right)^{\mu\nu}.
\label{bothint2}
\end{eqnarray}
Observe that we get the same peak contribution (if we assume the same value of $g\equiv {f_{\pi N\Delta}\over m_\pi}$
used when $g_2=0, g_1=g$ but as $\kappa,(1-\kappa) < 1$ the backgrounds are reduced by a smaller factor $\kappa^2,(1-\kappa)^2$,
and with an interference background (last term) coming from the last term in eq.\rf{bothint2} of the same order
but enlarged by a factor 2. Nevertheless, as we will see, the $P^{1/2}_{11},P_{3/2}$ contributions present in this
term are small and also the $1/2$ backgrounds do not interfere with the peak $3/2$ amplitude while the $3/2$ one does.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=10cm]{Graph10.pdf}
  \vspace{-7cm}
  \caption{Background non-resonant contributions to the $\pi N$ amplitude.}
  \label{Fig2}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

\section{Numeric calculations}

Now we are going to calculate the resonance $s$ and $u$-channel contributions shown in fig. \rf{Fig1} to the  $\pi N$
total elastic cross section. In addition, to reproduce experimental data we must include other backgrounds
$(B_{\pi N})$ to the amplitude as shown in fig. \rf{Fig2} (see \cite{Lopez02} for details).
As the denominator of the pole term in eq.\rf{bothint2} is not defined at $p^2=m^2$ for the s amplitude we
should include the unstable character of the $\Delta$. The simplest way to do it is the complex mass scheme (CMS)
where we make the replacement $m\rightarrow m+i\Gamma$ in the {\it full} propagator, being $\Gamma$ the $\Delta$
width \cite{Lopez02}. A more accurate procedure would be the use of the energy dependent $\Delta$ self-energy
taking into account the $\Delta $ mixing with $\pi N$ states at one or higher loop bubbles
to all order\cite{Barbero12}. Nevertheless, since we are interested in the qualitative behavior of the different
components of the $\pi N\Delta$ interaction, we use the simpler CMS scheme.
Within this approach and with the $I_1$ interaction, $m$, $\Gamma$ and $g$  were fitted to describe the $\pi^+p$
total elastic cross section satisfactorily \cite{Lopez02} in the resonance region, giving
$m=1211.2 MeV, \Gamma=88.16 MeV, g=0.316$.
As was shown previously \cite{Marianoetal2012}, results with both interactions separately do not change appreciably
the prediction of the total elastic cross section
in the resonance region, the $I_1$ interaction fitting the experimental data slightly better. For this reason we will fix
$g_1 + m g_2 = g =0.316$ with the $m$ and $\Gamma$ values above reported.
Nevertheless we want to analyze the cross section for energies above the resonance since in experiments the strong $\pi N$
interaction is tipically probed for $\pi N$ invariant masses up to $2 \; GeV$ in pion-photoproduction and weak-production,
using models generalizing the CMS to energy-dependent width but the same $B_{\pi N}$ background \cite{Hernandezetal2007}.
In addition, there are channels for which the $\Delta$ $s$-channel contribution is suppressed by the isospin
factors with respect to the $\Delta$ $u$-channel one, as in $\pi^-p$ scattering and then we want to analyze also
the effect of using an interaction of the form $I_1 + I_2$ for this case.

\begin{figure}\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=12cm]{Graph1.pdf}
  \vspace{-6cm}
  \caption{Elastic $\pi^+N$ cross section within the different approaches described in the text. Data from \cite{GWDC}.}
  \label{Fig3}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

Firstly we fix $\kappa$ in eq. \rf{bothint2} in order to get the closer approach to the $\pi^+ p$ elastic cross
section experimental data, which were used previously for fixing the $\Delta(1232)$  parameters in the resonance  region.
The amplitude  is built with the diagrams in figs. \rf{Fig1} and \rf{Fig2}, {\it i.e} $M_{\pi N} = R_{\pi N} + B_{\pi N}$,
and reach pion kinetic energies ($T_{lab}$) of the order of 900 MeV ($W_{\pi N}\sim 2$ GeV).
We find that for $\kappa=1/2$ the model is closest to the data.
In fig. \rf{Fig3}, we show the results for the total elastic
cross section for this value for $\kappa$ together with the results for $\kappa =0$ (corresponding to $g_2=0$)
and $\kappa=1$ ($g_1=0$)
to appreciate the improvement achieved. Also we show the results within the so called EXCMS approximation
with $g_2=0$, obtained in a previous work by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the $\Delta$ propagator
in presence of a one-loop self energy and replacing at the end the renormalized mass as in the CMS approach
\cite{Barbero15}, but still keeping the tree label approximation for the background
$B_{\pi N}$\footnote{A better description would be got by introducing the rescattering of the background, but this at
the price of introducing form factors to regularize the integrals involved for intermediate pion-nucleon states.}.
As can be observed, by no means within the CMS scheme the $I_2$ interaction gets a better description than the $I_1$ one, and
the use of $I_1+I_2$  improves the individual descriptions maintaining the right behavior in the pole peak.

In order to understand how both interactions cooperate to improve the high energy behavior of the amplitude
we are going to separate the resonance peak and background amplitude contributions, which only makes sense for the
$s$-channel $\Delta$ interchange, since for the $u$-channel the pole $3/2$ term in eq. \rf{bothint2} alone is ill defined
due to the possible vanishing of $p^2$. We begin with the $s$-channel: in fig. \rf{Fig4} we show the pole contribution
from the resonant amplitude $R_{\pi N}(pole)$ (first term in \rf{bothint2}) together with the background
$R_{\pi N}(1/2)$ (second term) contribution when $\kappa=0$ ($g_2=0$) which, as can be seen, is the largest term
at high energies. We show also the $R_{\pi N}(3/2)$ (third term) background contribution when $\kappa=1$ ($g_1=0$),
and finally we separate $2\not\!p P_{11}$ and $m P_{3/2}$ contributions in order to analyze the size of the last term in
\rf{bothint2}. Finally the full background for the $I_1+I_2$ case $R_{\pi N}(1/2+3/2)$ when $\kappa=0.5$
(second + third + fourth terms) is shown.
\begin{figure}\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=14cm]{Graph4.pdf}
  \vspace{-1cm}
  \caption{Contributions to the s-channel from the $R_{\pi N}(pole)$ together with different contributions from background to $R_{\pi N}$ as indicated. We slightly extend the energy range to individualize better each contribution }
  \label{Fig4}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

As can be seen, the second  term in eq. \rf{bothint2} is strongly supressed since its contribution is now
weighted by a factor $1/16$ in the
cross section for $\kappa=1/2$. Nevertheless, since it is larger than other contributions, it still contributes
roughly a  $25\%$ of the $\kappa=1$ $R_{\pi N}(3/2)$ background at $T_{lab}=1100 /; MeV$, which we will use as a reference.
Also the third contribution $R_{\pi N}(3/2)$ is reduced to $6.25\%$ of our reference, making an even
smaller contribution to the
background.
It might be surprising the simmilarity between the backgrounds $R_{\pi N}$ for $g_1=0$ and $\kappa=0.5$, since they
have clearly different origins in spin content. This simmilarity can be understood if we observe that we are
plotting total (i.e. integrated) cross sections, since it can be shown that
$\sum_{spins}\int d\theta |\bar{u}~2 \slashed{p} P_{11}^{\mu\nu}q'_\mu q_\nu u |^2 =
2\sum_{spins}\int d\theta |\bar{u} \slashed{p} P_{3/2}^{\mu\nu}u q'_\mu q_\nu u |^2$.
The effect of the interference between the $R_{\pi N}(pole)$ and $R_{\pi N}(1/2+3/2)$ s-amplitudes to
the total cross section is shown in fig.\rf{Fig5}.
\begin{figure}\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=12cm]{Graph6.pdf}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
  \caption{$R_{\pi N}=R_{\pi N}(pole)+R_{\pi N}(1/2+3/2)$ contribution to the cross section.}
  \label{Fig5}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

The improvement due to the weighting factors in eq. \rf{bothint2}
is clear, but it gets still better when considering the interference between $R_{\pi N}$ and $B_{\pi N}$
as shown in fig. \rf{Fig3}.

It is also important to analyze all the mentioned effects on the $u$-channel (second term in fig.\rf{Fig1}),
which amplitude we call $R_{\pi N}(cross)$ in fig. \rf{Fig6} and where now the different contributions are not separated
in spin content since, as mentioned earlier, that separation leads to ill defined terms.
In fig.\rf{Fig6} we show the $u$-channel contribution to the total cross section in the $\pi^+ p$ scattering together with the
corresponding contributions if $g_2=0$ and if $g_1=0$. We see that for $I_1+I_2$ the contribution lies between them.
Observe that the cross section in the case $g_1=0$ is quite suppressed due to the fact that $p^2<0$ in the resonance region.
This result represents an improvement,
as can be seen when we calculate the elastic $\pi^-p$ cross section where
the $u$-channel contribution is the most important while the $s$-channel one is suppressed by the isospin factors.
In the fig.\rf{Fig7} we compare our calculation with the different interactions to the elastic $\pi^-p$ cross section.
Here can also be seen the improvement when using both interactions together, in spite that in this case for higher energies we
have more excited resonances than the $\Delta$ that is the only included in or model.
This is so because the $\pi^-p$ state has an stronger isospin $1/2$ component, with many $1/2$ isospin resonances
in the region.

\begin{figure}\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=12cm]{Graph8.pdf}
\vspace{-0.5cm}
  \caption{$R_{\pi N}(cross)$ term  contribution to the total elastic cross section.}
  \label{Fig6}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=12cm]{Graph2.pdf}
\vspace{-1cm}
  \caption{Elastic $\pi^- p$ cross section.}
  \label{Fig7}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}\begin{center}
  \includegraphics[width=12cm]{Graph3.pdf}
\vspace{-1cm}
  \caption{$\pi^- p \rightarrow \pi^0 n$ cross section.}
  \label{Fig8}
  \end{center}
\end{figure}

Finally, and for the sake of completeness, we show in fig.\rf{Fig8} the same results for the charge
exchange $\pi^- p \rightarrow \pi^0 n$ channel. Here, the improvement using $I_1+I_2$ is moderate since in this case
the amplitude is built as $\sqrt{2}/3 (s-u)$ contributions, thus the overvaluation at high energies in the $\pi^+p$ channel
(mainly $s$-like) and the undervaluation in the $\pi^-p$ one (mainly $u$-like), leads to a worse behavior for this channel.
In spite of this, using $I_1+I_2$ is represents an improvement.

\section{Conclusions}

To date, publications devoted to the description of pion-production reactions describe the $\pi N\Delta$ vertex by either
using the conventional first derivative pion field Lagrangian eq.\rf{NEK}  or the more recent second order derivative
Lagrangiam in eq.\rf{P}, as if they were mutually excluding possibilities.
As mentioned earlier, both interaction vertexes have problems from the formal point of view, but can be used in a
perturbative approach. We have shown that, within the spirit of Effective Field Theories, and especially what
Weinberg called ``folk theorem'', in order to reproduce low energy amplitudes these interaction terms are the first two
of an infinite series respecting the point invariance $\Psi_\mu \rightarrow \Psi_\mu + \gamma_\mu \gamma^\nu \Psi_\nu$,
which should provide increasing levels of accuracy.
We show here that using both interaction terms together the fit to experimental data above the resonance region
improves in all channels.
Results for the total elastic cross section in the $\pi^+p$ and $\pi^- p$ channels and also for the
$\pi^- p\rightarrow \pi^0n$ inelastic one, are improved when we work in a tree level approach within a complex mass scheme
for the $\Delta$ resonance. This is physically sound, since we expect that, in order to reach higher energies, higher
orders of a $p^2$ expansion of the interaction should be needed.
Of course the description would be additionally improved by solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation for the $\Delta$ propagator
using both interaction vertexes to account for the mixing of the $\Delta$ with $\pi$ and $N$ states, or by including
rescattering of the non-resonance background contributions, but we will analyze this in a future publication.
Without this it make no sense qualify our results trough a $\chi^2$ value.

\section{Appendix}

\subsection{Free parameters in the $I_2$ interaction}

To show the generality of the form of ${\cal L}_{I_2}$ observe that the general covariant form of the coefficients to
contract with pion and a second derivative is,
taking for simplicity $A=-1$ (see section 2), omitting isospin factors and  integrating by parts
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal L}_{I2}(A=-1) = -g_2\bar{{\Psi}}_{\mu}R(-{1 \over 2}-Z_2)^\mu_\sigma{\cal M}^{\sigma\alpha\nu}\partial_\alpha(\partial_{\nu}\Phi\psi)+c.c. ,\label{5b}
\end{eqnarray}
where the most general tensor structure  for ${\cal M}$ is
${\cal M}^{\mu\alpha\nu}= Z_1 \gamma^\mu \gamma^\alpha \gamma^\nu +
Z_2 g^{\mu\alpha}\gamma^\nu+z_2 g^{\mu\nu}\gamma^\alpha+z_3 g^{\alpha\nu}\gamma^\mu$.
Observe that in the free RS lagrangian in \rf{eq1} and \rf{eq2}, there is no term
containing $\dot{\Psi}^0$ for $A=-1$. So, the equation of motion for it is a true constraint, and $\Psi^0$ has no dynamics.
It is necessary then that interactions
do not change that (see ref.\cite{Badagnanietal2017} appendix A). But since ${\cal L}_{I_2}$ contributes a $\dot{\Psi}^0$
in the equation of motion for $\psi$ via $R(-{1 \over 2}-Z_2)^0_\sigma{\cal M}^{\sigma\alpha\nu}$,
the condition for $\dot{\Psi}^0$ not appearing in the equations of motion is that this contribution contains no time
derivative of any of the other fields of the theory.
This can be realized if $R$ is diagonal achieved with  $Z_2=-1/2$, and if ${\cal M}^{0\alpha0}={\cal M}^{00\nu}=0$.
This leads to
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal M}^{\mu\alpha\nu}=Z_1[\gamma^{\mu}\gamma^{\alpha}\gamma^{\nu}+g^{\mu\nu}\gamma^\alpha-g^{\mu\alpha}\gamma^\nu-g^{\alpha\nu}\gamma^\mu]
=i\epsilon^{\mu\nu\alpha\rho}\gamma_\rho\gamma_5,\label{5c}
\end{eqnarray}
where we have used a property of gamma matrices. Finally if we replace eq.\rf{5c} in \rf{5b} we get eq.\rf{P} for $A=-1$.

\subsection{Spin projectors}

We have introduced $P^k_{ij}$  which projects on the $k=3/2$, $1/2$ sector of the representation space,
with $i,j=1,2$ indicating the subsectors of the $1/2$ subspace, and are defined as

\begin{eqnarray} (P^{3/2})_{\mu \nu}&=&g_{\mu \nu}-{ 1 \over 3}\gamma_\mu\gamma_\nu -{1\over 3p^2}\left[\not\!p \gamma_\mu p_\nu + p_\mu \gamma_\nu\not\!p\right],\nonumber\\
(P^{1/2}_{22})_{\mu \nu}&=&{p_\mu p_\nu \over p^2},\nonumber\\
(P^{1/2}_{11})_{\mu \nu}&=& g_{\mu\nu} - P^{3/2}_{\mu \nu}
-(P^{1/2}_{22})_{\mu \nu},\nonumber \\
&=&
(g_{\mu \alpha}-{p_\mu  p_\alpha\over p^2})(1/3\gamma^\alpha \gamma^\beta)(g_{\beta \nu}-{p_\beta p_\nu \over p^2}),\nonumber\\
(P^{1/2}_{12})_{\mu \nu}&=&{1\over \sqrt{3}p^2}(p_\mu p_\nu -\not\!p \gamma_\mu p_\nu),\nonumber\\
(P^{1/2}_{21})_{\mu \nu}&=&{1\over \sqrt{3}p^2}(-p_\mu
p_\nu+\not\!p p_\mu \gamma_\nu ).\label{spinprojectors}
\end{eqnarray}

\
\section{Acknowledgments}
A. Mariano and C. Barbero fellows to CONICET and UNLP. D. Badagnani fellow to UNLP.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Since Taylor's arrest, the Middleton City Council has twice asked him to resign. Taylor, who was elected as mayor in 2011 and survived a recall vote in 2012, is set to hold the office until December.
The City Council first issued a no-confidence vote and a request for his resignation at March 6 meeting that he did not attend. Then, at a City Council meeting March 20, the council unanimously passed a resolution declaring no confidence in Taylor and requesting his immediate resignation.
Taylor has not resigned. He did not return a call to the Idaho Statesman on Tuesday requesting comment.
The next City Council meeting is scheduled for Wednesday evening, and the agenda posted Tuesday does not make note of the prior resolution asking Taylor to resign.
Taylor has been out of jail on bond since March 4, and his next court appearance is scheduled for 1:30 p.m. April 25. His case is being prosecuted by a special prosecutor from the Idaho Attorney General's Office because the Canyon County Prosecutor's Office declared a conflict of interest with the case.


Group A's game, Greece-Spain, will conclude the European preliminaries on March 19. However, six teams have already secured a berth to the brand new Europa Cup Final, to be held in Turin (ITA) from March 29-31, 2019.
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