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The Psychology of Conversational AI
The Psychology of Conversational AI Blog
To design or not to design a character for your conversational ai?
Should we define a character for a digital instance?
Or are we thereby promoting the uncanny valley effect?
Or, in the worst case, does this encourage deception of users, who might then interpret a consciousness into conversational AI?
Only recently, a Google employee again clearly demonstrated to us that people tend to interpret human characteristics into artificial instances – #lamda (Google engineer claims LaMDA AI is sentient | Live Science).
In fact, many find the idea of defining a character for, say, a simple chatbot designed to assist with mundane tasks rather strange. And yes, sometimes character definitions go very far and create a complete backstory for the assistant, including where it grew up and how much it earns… One can indeed find this strange.
However, from a design perspective, it is crucial to think about the character of the assistant.
When we communicate with a digital assistant, whether we want to or not, we interpret a character into what is said or written. This attribution of a human personality or human characteristics to something non-human, such as an animal or an object, is called anthropomorphism.
Anthropomorphism is the ability of humans to attribute human motivations, beliefs, and feelings to nonhuman beings. Researchers have found anthropomorphism to be a normal phenomenon in human-computer interaction (Reeves & Nass, 1996; Cohen et al., 2004; Lee, 2010).
According to the "Computers Are Social Actors" (CASA) research paradigm, despite their knowledge that computers do not warrant social treatment, people nevertheless tend to have the same social expectations of computers and exhibit the same responses to computers as they do to human interaction partners (Lee, 2010).
This means that not thinking about the character of the assistant does not mean that the assistant is then simply perceived neutrally, i.e., that it then has no character.
It is just not necessarily the character that you might have had in mind for it.
In addition, we need a character definition in order to be able to formulate all dialogs and voice outputs according to a consistent logic.
For example, should the assistant be an expert on a certain topic, or can it sometimes not have an answer ready and search a database or forward the question to a human in the form of a ticket? Is it important that the assistant is distant, or should it express a lot of empathy?
That we design the dialogs and voice outputs of the assistant to be coherent is important because people are very sensitive to inconsistencies in conversations. When we communicate with a digital assistant and the dialog logic or voice outputs are not consistently coherent we then have the feeling that we are dealing with a kind of "split personality" in the assistant and find this unpleasant.
So, character is important and should always be defined.
What character traits we should define for an assistant really depends on the particular goal of the assistant, i.e., what kind of task performance it should assist users with and what kind of character would be useful in doing so.
But how far we go with the design and implementation of the character can have a positive or negative effect on the perception of the end users.
If the assistant appears human to a certain extent, for example, if it expresses empathy, uses natural language or humor, then this increases the trust of the users (Smestad, 2018).
At a certain point, however, this tips back into the "uncanny valley" (Mori, 1970) and the effect turns negative (read more about the uncanny valley effect here: Impact of natural and/or human design of conversational AI. – The Psychology of Conversational AI (psyconai.com)).
Furthermore, even if we define essential character traits for the assistant, the assistant must at no time give the impression that it is a human being or a being with consciousness. There are many ways in dialog design to create this important transparency, starting with the first prompt in which the assistant introduces itself. For a more complex assistant, it is also worthwhile to provide factual answers to questions about consciousness and the like.
So, my recommendation would be to design a digital assistant not as human as possible – even if we have to set some character traits. However, the challenge now is to design the interaction with a digital assistant in a "natural" way.
This means, for example, that we should take up as many rules of human communication as possible in the dialog design and formulate them in natural language. Even if we have to avoid the uncanny valley, users also view it negatively when an assistant does not fulfill their expectations of human conversation.
Cohen, M. H., Cohen, M. H., Giangola, J. P., & Balogh, J. (2004). Voice user interface design. Addison-Wesley Professional.
Lee, E. J. (2010). The more humanlike, the better? How speech type and users' cognitive style affect social responses to computers. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(4), 665-672.
Mori, M. (1970). Bukimi no tani [the uncanny valley]. Energy, 7, 33-35.
Reeves, B., & Nass, C. (1996). The media equation: How people treat computers, television, and new media like real people. Cambridge, UK, 10, 236605.
Smestad, T. L. (2018). Personality Matters! Improving The User Experience of Chatbot Interfaces-Personality provides a stable pattern to guide the design and behaviour of conversational agents (Master's thesis, NTNU).
← Voice control – the perfect additional modality or a security risk while driving or in similar safety-critical situations?
→ Can AI be compared to human intelligence – and does it pose a threat to us because it could become "superintelligent"?


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Home>Media>Media releases>Winner of the 2017/18 Richard Seewald Award
The recipient of the 2017/18 Richard Seewald Award is the Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss.
The recipient of the 2017/18 Richard Seewald Award is the Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss (GFCHL). The annual prize by Sonova's Hear the World Foundation honors outstanding projects benefiting people in need with hearing loss around the world. The GFCHL led by Paige Stringer is a Hear the World Foundation project partner since 2011 and helps medical and educational partners in low and middle-income countries to develop early identification services that young children with hearing loss need to reach their full potential.
Children with hearing loss in low to middle-income countries often have little to no access to audiological care and early intervention support thus reducing their opportunities and chances in life. The Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss sees its mission as helping to raise awareness for the potential of children with hearing loss when appropriate support is in place and to help develop sustainable and comprehensive audiological care and early intervention services in the countries where these children live. Since 2011, the GFCHL, with financial, technological and technical support from the Hear the World Foundation, has successfully built capacity in challenging environments such as Vietnam, Mongolia and Ecuador.
Outstanding project work
The Hear the World Foundation honors the professional and highly effective project work of the GFCHL lead by Founder and Executive Director Paige Stringer. "Paige's work is exceptional. She has the great ability to identify locations where there is great need and to organize highly effective projects applying internationally accepted best practice procedures", says Prof. Dr. Richard Seewald, member of the Hear the World Foundation's Advisory Board. "I am grateful to receive this award on behalf of the GFCHL and our professional team and in-country partners who display incredible dedication and willingness to step up to the challenge of extending help to young children in need. It is such an honor to receive this recognition for our collaborative efforts to ensure that babies and young children with hearing loss have every opportunity to reach their full potential -- no matter where in the world they live", says Paige Stringer.
About the Richard Seewald Award
The Hear the World Foundation's prize is named after Professor Dr. Richard Seewald, who is well known for his tireless efforts in pediatric audiology over many decades. He spearheaded the development of an internationally recognized DSL method for fitting hearing systems to children. Prior to his retirement, Seewald held the Canada Research Chair in Childhood Hearing at that country's National Centre for Audiology, which he co-founded. He is a Distinguished University Professor Emeritus in the School of Communication Sciences and Disorders at the University of Western Ontario and a member of the Hear the World advisory board. The annual prize aims at honoring outstanding aid project work.
About The Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss
The Global Foundation For Children With Hearing Loss is an American 501c3 nonprofit organization established in 2009. It is one of the few organizations in the world that offers an integrated model across hearing health care and early intervention to help professionals and families living in low and middle-income countries establish essential early identification, hearing technology, and professional support services for their babies and children with hearing loss. The Global Foundation's team collaborates with in-country partners to identify gaps in their system of support and to develop and implement sustainable programs to address those gaps. The goal is to enable their young children who are deaf or hard of hearing to access local resources in the countries where they live that they need to achieve their full potential and grow up to become contributing members of their society.
www.childrenwithhearingloss.org
The recipient of the 2017/18 Richard Seewald Award: Paige Stringer, GFCHL
OUR ENGAGEMENT AROUND THE WORLD
Developing pediatric care
Everyday life in one of the poorest countries in Latin America has very little in common with the holiday idyll we know. For many Dominicans, accessing medical care is beyond reach of whom almost half live in slums. We want to change this.
Reviving a quiet community
In Appalachia there are many people with hearing loss as a result of noise exposure in the local coal-fired power stations. Hear the World provides a local aid project with hearing aids and funding and sends volunteers.
More capacity for children with hearing loss
In Brazil, the population often has to undertake a long journey to receive audiological care. The Hear the World Foundation changes this circumstances by training experts for more centers providing comprehensive audiological care in the future.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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HMS C9 – brytyjski okręt podwodny typu C. Zbudowany w latach 1906–1907 w Vickers w Barrow-in-Furness. Okręt został wodowany 3 kwietnia 1907 roku i rozpoczął służbę w Royal Navy 18 lipca 1907 roku.

W 1914 roku C10 stacjonował w Humber przydzielony do Szóstej Flotylli Okrętów Podwodnych (6th Submarine Flotilla) pod dowództwem LCdr. Johna R. G. Moncreiffea.

Okręt został sprzedany w lipcu 1922 roku i zezłomowany.

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Linki zewnętrzne
  na stronie internetowej Battlecruisers.co.uk
 HMS C9, Submarines Association, Barrow-in-Furness Branch

Brytyjskie okręty podwodne typu C
Nazwy brytyjskich okrętów
Okręty zbudowane w stoczni Vickers

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


« How Will You Take Advantage Of Clash of clans?
I was looking forward to write a blog post about my wedding in Brittany. I would like to share every detail of my special day with you. In this article, you can read all about my wedding dress, venue and decor.
I really wanted my wedding dress to be unique and special, therefore I decided to make a special order. It took them about 8 months to make my dress but at the end it was perfect! I also had to choose crystals and pearls that they latter attached to my dress. The nicest part of the dress was its 10ft long train.
I had hard time choosing my hairstyle. I have very long hair and I do not think that it looks nice when I have up-do. I opted for a wavy hair and headpiece made of fresh flowers.
My makeup was done by my friend who is makeup artist. She always does my makeup and I think it looks perfect. She knows my style so i didn't have to spend a lot of time explaining her what I want.
I got my bridesmaids dresses in purple colours as it is one of my favourite shades. I purchased a crystal brooch for my maid of honour.
I decided to have second wedding dress so i can change after the ceremony. My main wedding dress was really heavy and I wanted to change later so I could spend all nice dancing.


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package org.elasticsearch.common.settings;

import java.util.List;

import joptsimple.OptionSet;
import joptsimple.OptionSpec;
import org.elasticsearch.cli.EnvironmentAwareCommand;
import org.elasticsearch.cli.ExitCodes;
import org.elasticsearch.cli.Terminal;
import org.elasticsearch.cli.UserException;
import org.elasticsearch.env.Environment;

/**
 * A subcommand for the keystore cli to remove a setting.
 */
class RemoveSettingKeyStoreCommand extends EnvironmentAwareCommand {

    private final OptionSpec<String> arguments;

    RemoveSettingKeyStoreCommand() {
        super("Remove a setting from the keystore");
        arguments = parser.nonOptions("setting names");
    }

    @Override
    protected void execute(Terminal terminal, OptionSet options, Environment env) throws Exception {
        List<String> settings = arguments.values(options);
        if (settings.isEmpty()) {
            throw new UserException(ExitCodes.USAGE, "Must supply at least one setting to remove");
        }

        KeyStoreWrapper keystore = KeyStoreWrapper.load(env.configFile());
        if (keystore == null) {
            throw new UserException(ExitCodes.DATA_ERROR, "Elasticsearch keystore not found. Use 'create' command to create one.");
        }

        keystore.decrypt(new char[0] /* TODO: prompt for password when they are supported */);

        for (String setting : arguments.values(options)) {
            if (keystore.getSettingNames().contains(setting) == false) {
                throw new UserException(ExitCodes.CONFIG, "Setting [" + setting + "] does not exist in the keystore.");
            }
            keystore.remove(setting);
        }
        keystore.save(env.configFile(), new char[0]);
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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B.E. Programs (Full-Time)
IET is presently offering Full Time 4-Year B.E. Programs in following six branches as given below:
B.E. (Computer Engineering)
B.E. (Electronics & Instrumentation Engineering)
B.E. (Information Technology)
B.E. (Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering)
B.E. (Civil Engineering)
B.E. Programs (Part-Time)
IET is presently offering Part-Time 4-Year B.E. Programs in following Five branches as given below:
M.E. Programs (Full-time)
IET is presently offering Full Time 2 Year ME Programmes in the following six branches & specialization as given below:
Computer Engineering with specialization in Software Engineering
Information Technology with specialization in Information Security
Electronics engineering with specialization in Digital Instrumentation
Electronics engineering with specialization in Digital Communication
Mechanical Engineering with specialization in Design & Thermal Engineering
M.E. Programs (Part-time)
IET is also offering Part Time 3 Year ME Programmes in the following six branches & specialization as given below:
M.Sc. Programme:
IET is presently offering Full Time 2 Year MSc Programme in following branch
Applied Mathematics with specialization in Computing & Informatics
Doctoral Program:
PhD programme is also offered in all disciplines of BE/ME Programmes & all relevant areas of interest. Research component of IET is also strong while a number of research scholars from other reputed organizations such as SGSITS, AICTE, RRCAT, NRCS, IIITA, etc. have registered for PhD programme in various departments of IET.
*All these UG/PG/Doctoral programmes come under Faculty of Engineering of DAVV.


The Polling Place is where Voter Impersonation takes place and without Photo ID to prevent it even the former Attorney General Eric Holder can be impersonated.
In the 2016 Primary Elections NH and WI States with Photo ID had the highest Voter Turnout Rates at 52.4% and 49.4% while States like New York and New Jersey without Photo ID had the lowest with 21.4% and 20.4% . There is no evidence that Photo ID restricts voter turnout.
In 2005 a Georgia law requiring Photo ID to vote was challenged in court by left-wing organizations that claimed it disenfranchised the poor and minorities. During the course of two years of litigation, however, the plaintiffs could not find a single eligible voter in Georgia who was disenfranchised by the Georgia law.
Contact GA SOS and just ask them.
The Poll Worker by Election Law must ask the person standing in front of him at the Check-In Station if they are here to vote, if they say 'yes' then the Poll Worker must ask the person for their name and address in a tone of voice the PW can understand and then repeats it back to the Voter. In States like CA this is one of the few voter integrity mechanisms in place.
The Image BELOW is from the 2016 Presidential General Election November 8th Poll Workers Manual and an example of what a Street Index looks like when it is properly maintain. The Street Index is a list of Voters names and addresses it's posted outside as Election Law demands, this list has all of the names and address of voters for that specific Precinct. The List is updated on the hour during Election Day by a Poll Worker when the Polls are open and names are crossed out so Political Parties can see if their people have voted or not, and if they haven't vote some Political Hack can call them to get out to the Polls and vote. The Street Index List can be used by dishonest people or groups of people to see who didn't vote and then just walk up to the Voter Check-In Station, state that name and address and without any Photo ID requirements the Poll Worker will just give them a Ballot then cross that name and address off the list. If the HAVA Voter Database is not cleaned of Dead People, recent person(s) who died will still be on this Voter List. California holds the distinction of being the only state without a HAVA-required central voter registration database.
Common Sense dictates with the possiblity of millions of Dead People still on the Voter Rolls in CA there is bound to be some Voter Fraud but without Photo ID it can go undetected.


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BusinessFinancial MarketsNews
Interbank interest rate steady
By D.Nguyen
By The Ky
Interbank interest rates are steady after hitting a peak last week – PHOTO: VNA
HCMC – The interbank interest rate has stabilized after an upsurge last week, but it remains considerably high compared to earlier this year, data from SSI Securities Corporation showed.
The overnight rate was around 4.5% per year, down by 40 basis points, while one-week and one-month rates inched down by 4.8-5.2% per year.
The State Bank of Vietnam (SBV) revised down the overnight rate on September 19 to 4.26% per year and the one-week rate to 4.39% annually.
Bao Viet Securities Company said the central bank's injections of over VND151.7 trillion via open market operations for three weeks in a row had helped improve liquidity at commercial banks.
SSI said that given the spike of liquidity in the banking system, the central bank issued VND44.6 trillion worth of T-bills, with a seven-day maturity and a coupon jumping to 4%, up by 130 basis points against the previous issue, to withdraw cash from the banking system.
The central bank has been proactively regulating liquidity in the banking system to prevent a money oversupply as seen in 2020-2021, according to SSI.
Interbank interest rate
interbank market
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