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Category Archives: Hajj / Umrah
Allaah has given the Muslims a Qiblah (direction of prayer) which they face when they pray (salaah) and offer supplications (du'aa'), wherever they may be. This qiblah is the Ancient House (the Ka'bah) in Makkah al-Mukarramah:
"so turn your face in the direction of Al-Masjid Al-Haraam (at Makkah). And wheresoever you people are, turn your faces (in prayer) in that direction [al-Baqarah 2:144 – interpretation of the meaning]
Because the Muslims scattered all over the world, and Islam calls people to be united and get to know one another, just as it calls them to co-operate in righteousness and piety, to recommend one another to the truth, to call people to Allaah and to venerate the rituals of Allaah – hence Allaah has made it obligatory for every sane, adult Muslim who has the means, to visit His Ancient House, to circumambulate it and to perform all the rituals of Hajj as explained by Allaah and His Messenger. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka'bah) is a duty that mankind owes to Allaah, those who can afford the expenses (for one's conveyance, provision and residence); and whoever disbelieves [i.e. denies Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah), then he is a disbeliever of Allaah], then Allaah stands not in need of any of the 'Aalameen (mankind, jinn and all that exists)" [Aal Imraan 3:97]
What to do if you are not going for Hajj ?
WHAT TO DO IF YOU ARE NOT GOING FOR HAJJ?
The first ten days of Dhul-Hajj are the most beloved to Allah. The Prophet testified to that.
He said: "There are no days in which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days." (Bukhaari)
WHAT ACTIVITIES IN THESE 10 DAYS WILL BRING THE REWARD OF JANNAH? Obviously, Hajj is one of the best deeds that one can do during these ten days. However for those of us who were not invited to His House this year, there are still many, good deeds that one can do and earn the Pleasure of Allah. Some of these are:
1) Fast all nine days and especially fast the Day of 'Arafah
The Prophet (PBUH) said: "Anyone who fasts for one day for Allah's pleasure, Allah will keep his face away from the (Hell) fire for (a distance covered by a journey of) seventy years." (Bukhari, Muslim)
The Prophet (PBUH) used to fast on the ninth day of Dhu'l-Hajj and he said: "Fasting the Day of 'Arafah (ninth Dhul-hajj) is an expiation for (all the sins of) the previous year and an expiation for (all the sins of) the coming year." (Muslim)
2) Do a LOT of Dhikr and Takbeer
The Prophet (PBUH) said: "There are no days on which good deeds are greater or more beloved to Allah than on these ten days", so recite much Tahleel (saying Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah), Takbeer (saying Allahu akbar) and Tahmeed (saying al-hamdu Lillaah)." (Ahmad -Saheeh)
Ibn 'Umar and Abu Hurayrah used to go out in the marketplace during the first ten days of Dhu'l-Hijjah, reciting Takbeer, and the people would recite Takbeer when they heard them. (Bukhaari)
Takbeer at this time is a Sunnah. So recite it in the masjid, in your home, on the street and every place where it is permitted to remember Allah. Revive the Sunnah that have been virtually forgotten and earn great rewards for doing so.
The Prophet said: "Whoever revives an aspect of my Sunnah that is forgotten after my death, he will have a reward equivalent to that of the people who follow him, without it detracting in the least from their reward." (Tirmidhi- a hasan hadeeth)Men should recite these phrases out loud, and women should recite them quietly.
3) Stand in Night Prayers: (Tahajud, Qiyam al Layl)
Remember the virtues of spending the night in prayer, and its sweetness in Ramadan? Why not revive this beautiful act of worship during these nights as well?
Remember, how in the last third of every night, Allah Almighty calls out to us, His servants: Is there anyone to invoke Me, so that I may respond to his invocation?
Is there anyone to ask Me, so that I may grant him his request? Is there anyone seeking My forgiveness, so that I may forgive him? (Bukhaari, Muslim)
Why do we miss this golden opportunity? So, seize the chance NOW and expose yourself to His Divine Generosity and Mercy, ask Him to forgive you and guide you and set things aright. He will surely listen.
4) Make Sincere Repentance.
One of the most important action during these ten days is to repent sincerely to Allah and to give up all kinds of disobedience and sin right away because we do not know when we will die and thus become unable to repent, and also because one evil deed leads to another.
But what does 'repentance' mean? It means that you come back to Allah and give up all the deeds, open and secret, that He dislikes…. that you regret whatever you did in the past, giving it up immediately and be determined never ever, to return to it, and resolve to adhere firmly to the Truth by doing whatever Allah loves."But as for him who repented, believed and did righteous deeds, then he will be among those who are successful."[Al-Qasas 28:67]
5) Come back to the Qur'aan
It is time now to dust off your copy of the Qur'aan and return to its refuge. Make it a daily habit, using these 10 days the beginning of a strong and beautiful relationship with it. Read it with meaning, reflect on it, understand it, and then implement it in your daily life.
Remember that reading one letter of the Qur'aan earns you ten rewards. In this way, reading Surat Al-Fatihah, which doesn't take more than two minutes, will give you more than one thousand rewards! This is on ordinary days, so what about these magnificent days!
Certainly the reward will be far greater, Insha Allah.
6) Increase ALL the types of good deeds.
If we are unable to go to Hajj this year, we should occupy ourselves in the worship of Allah; pray extra prayers (Nafil) recite the Qur'aan. Make Dhikr of Allah, send Salaams on the Prophet, make dua, give charity, honor our parents, uphold ties of kinship, enjoin what is good and forbid what is evil, and add other good deeds and acts of worship during these days."So whosoever does good equal to the weight of an atom, shall see it; And whosoever does evil equal to the weight of an atom, shall see it." [Al-Zalzalah 99:7-8]
7) Get the reward of Hajj wherever you are:
You may be unable to do Hajj this year, and you may feel sad. However, you can get the reward of it right where you are.The Prophet said: "Whoever prays Fajr Prayer in congregation, and then sits and remembers Allah until the sun rises, then (after a while) prays two rak'as, he will gain a reward equal to that of making perfect Hajj and Umrah." [He repeated the word "perfect" thrice.] (At-Tirmidhi)
8. Slaughter an animal and distribute the meat.
Ibn Umar said: The Prophet lived in Madeenah for 10 years and every year he slaughtered an animal." (Ahmad-Saheeh by al-Albaani)
9) Attend Eid prayers
But remember that Eid prayer is a form of worship and we should avoid unislamic behavior (especially) in dress and in etiquette during these times.
10) Thank Allah. One of the best forms of worshipping Allah Subhaanahu wa Ta'ala is to thank Him, deeply, sincerely and continuously. Alhamdulillah, there is much to be gained in these coming days. Hasten to do good deeds and striving hard in worship .
"And worship your Lord until there comes unto you the certainty (death)." [Al-Hijr 15:99]
Adapted from: Perfect days for perfect Ibaadah
By Asma bint Shameem
Posted in Hajj / Umrah
Tala'a al-badru 'alayna, Popular but Unreliable !
In Madeenah Singing and Drumming Welcomed the Prophet – SalaLlaahu alayhi wa sallam?
Popular but Unreliable Stories Series IV Part I
As children in the Madrasah, we were delighted to be told that scintillating crowds of men and women thronged the streets of Madinah on the event of the arrival of the Prophet, Muhammad (sallallaahualayhiwasallam) to the city, singing "their welcome in a song that even now is sung by Muslims in memory of that happy day" that:
"Tala'a al-badru 'alayna; min Thaniyyatil-Wadaa'/ wajaba ash-shukru 'alaynaa; maada'aa li-llaahidaa'in" [meaning: The full moon has appeared before us; from the departure mountain-pass/ We must give thanks; whenever the supplicant beseeches Allah].
However, this age-long, immensely popular rhyme is a baseless ascription to the event in its chain and text!
According to the great scholar of hadith, HafidhIbnHajar al-Asqalaanee, the song has been related by AbooSa'eed in Sharaf al-Mustapha and al-Khal'ee inal-Fawaaid with a chain of reporters on the authority of 'Ubaydullah bin 'Aa'isha who narrated the story. [Fath al-Baaree 7/326].
Similarly, Imam al-Bayhaqee (rahimahullah) cited it in Dalaail an-Nubuwwah (2/506-7). [See al-Bidayah wan-Nihaayah 2/202, Silsilat ad-Da'eefah 2/63]. But 'Ubaydullah bin 'Aa'isha, on whose authority the story was reported is a 10th category reporter; i.e., those who did not even meet the Tabi'een.
He died 228 years after the Hijrah and was as such, at least 120 yrs away from the event of the Hijrah making absolutely clear, the wide broken link between the narrator and the narration.
a. HafidhIbnHajar (d. 852 AH) ruled that, "It is a Mu'dal, Faulty, chain." [Fath al-Baaree 7/327].
b. His teacher, Hafidh al-'Iraaqee (d. 806AH) also said, "The statement of Ibn 'Aa'isha is Mu'dal, Faulty; it cannot be depended on as evidence." [Al-Mawaahib al-Laduniyyah 1/313].
c. Imam Muhammad Naasiruddeen al-Albaanee [d. 1420] said, "…but it isMu'dal, Faulty; three or more reporters are missing in the chain of report…" [Silsilat ad-Da'eefah 2/63]. See also, TahreemAalaat at-Tarb (pg. 123).
d. Dr. AkramDiyaa al-'Umaree said, "As for those reports which show that he was welcomed with the song: Tala'a al-badru 'alayna; min Thaniyyatil-Wadaa', no authentic chain has transmitted that." [As-Seerat an-Nabawiyyah as-Saheehah 1/219].
e. Dr. Anees bin Ahmad al-Indoneesee after a detailed study of the chains of report that transmitted the rhyme in a separate research work concluded that, "It becomes clear from a detailed analysis of the chains of report that transmit the rhyme that it is not authentic because its chain is unreliable and the text is irregular." [Tala'a al-badru 'alayna: DiraasatunHadeethiyatun li al-Khabar wan-Nasheed pg. 43].
f. Shaykh Muhammad bin Abdullah al-'Ushan included this rhyme in his book:Maashaa'awalamyathbut fee as-Seerat an-Nabawiyyah (Popular But Unreliable Reports Cited in the Prophet's Biography) pg. 87-90.
As regards its text, Shaykh Muhammad bin Muhammad Hasan is among the researching scholars who analyzed the text of the rhyme and concluded that, "the rhyme is flimsy and fragile, it does not befit the style of speech of the period to which it is ascribed; it is perhaps, among the poems of the third century after Hijrah."
He also queried, "How could the people of Madeenah have said:…sharrafta al-Madinah [meaning – you came to honour Madinah] while Madinah was only so named after Allah's Messenger (sallallaahualayhiwasallam) arrived there?!
Its name which they knew amongst them then was Yathrib!" [Tala'a al-badru 'alayna: DiraasatunHadeethiyatun li al-Khabar wan-Nasheed pg. 12-13].
So, even though it is popular, it is not reliable to ascribe this rhyme to the event of the Prophet's Hijrah – peace and blessings be upon him.
How then did the people of Madinah receive the noble Messenger
(sallallaahualayhiwasallam)? Click Here for the Answer.
BY Aboo Naasir – Hafidhahu-Llaah
Uploaded: Rabee'u ath-Thaani 13, 1434, (23rd February, 2013)
Tags: advise
Etiquette of travelling to Hajj and elsewhere
There are many points of etiquette to be followed by the traveller, which the scholars have compiled.
One of those who compiled these rulings well was al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him), in his book al-Majmoo' (4/264-287), where he mentions sixty-two points of etiquette. We will mention some of them in brief, and anyone who wants to know more may consult the writings of al-Nawawi (may Allaah have mercy on him).
Chapter on the etiquette of travelling:
This is an important topic, for which there is a great need.
Our aim here is to refer to this etiquette in brief.
1 – When a person wants to travel,
It is mustahabb for him to consult those whose religious commitment, experience and knowledge he trusts about travelling at that time.
The one who is consulted must be sincere in offering advice and avoid being influenced by whims and desires. Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"and consult them in the affairs" [Aal 'Imraan 3:159]
The saheeh ahaadeeth indicate that the people used to consult the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) with regard to their affairs.
2 – Once he has decided to travel, the Sunnah is to seek Allaah's guidance by praying istikhaarah. So he should pray two rak'ahs of non-obligatory prayer, then recite the du'aa' of istikhaarah.
3 – If he has decided to travel for Hajj or jihad or any other purpose,
he should start by repenting from all sins and makrooh actions, and
he should put right any wrongs
he has done towards people and pay off whatever he can of the debts he owes them;
he should also return anything that has been entrusted to him and seek forgiveness from anyone with whom he has any dealings or friendship.
He should write his will and have it witnessed, and he should appoint someone to pay off the debts that he was not able to pay.
He should also leave with his family and those on whom he is obliged to spend enough funds to cover their needs until he returns.
4 – He should seek to please his parents and those whom he is obliged to honour and obey.
5 – If he is travelling for Hajj or jihad or any other purpose, he should strive to ensure that his funds are halaal and free from any suspicion.
If he goes against this and goes for Hajj or jihad with wealth that has been seized by force, he is a sinner and although his Hajj or jihad may be outwardly valid, it will not be a proper Hajj (Hajj mabroor).
6 – It is mustahabb for the one who is travelling to Hajj or for any other purpose for which provision is carried to take a great deal of provision and money with him, so that he can share them with those who are in need.
His provisions should be good (i.e., halaal), because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"O you who believe! Spend of the good things which you have (legally) earned, and of that which We have produced from the earth for you, and do not aim at that which is bad to spend from it" [al-Baqarah 2:267]
He should give willingly so that it will be more likely to be accepted.
7 – If he wants to travel for Hajj or jihad, he should learn about how they are to be done, for no act of worship is valid if done by one who does not know it properly.
It is mustahabb for the one who wants to do Hajj to take with him a clear book about the rituals which also speaks about their aims, and he should read it constantly and often throughout his journey, so that it will become fixed in his mind.
Hence there is the fear that for some of the common folk, their Hajj will not be valid because they fail to fulfil one of the conditions and so on. And some of them may imitate some of the common folk of Makkah, thinking that they know the rituals properly and thus being deceived by them. That is a serious mistake.
Similarly in the case of one who is going out for jihad etc, it is recommended for him to take a book which speaks of what he needs to know, and the warrior should learn what he needs to know about fighting and the du'aa's to be said at that time, and the prohibitions on treachery, killing women and children, and so on.
The one who is travelling for the purpose of trade should learn what he needs to know about buying and selling, which transactions are valid and which are invalid, what is halaal and what is haraam, and so on.
8 – It is mustahabb for him to seek a companion who desires good and hates evil, so that if he forgets,
he can remind him, if he remembers,
he can help him, and if he happens to be a man of knowledge,
he should stick with him, because he will help him to avoid bad attitudes such as boredom with travel and
he can help him to maintain a noble attitude and encourage him to do so.
He should also be keen to please his companion throughout the journey. Each of them should put up with the other and view his companion with respect, and be patient with whatever he may do at some times.
9 – It is mustahabb for him to bid farewell to his family, neighbours, friends and all his loved ones.
He should bid them farewell and he should say to each of them: "I place your religion, your faithfulness and the ends of your deeds in the trust of Allaah."
The one who is staying behind should say to the traveller: "May Allaah bless you with taqwa and forgive you your sins and make goodness easy for you wherever you are."
10 – It is Sunnah to say the following du'aa' when leaving the house:
Bismillaah, tawakkaltu 'ala Allaah, wa laa hawla wa laa quwwata illa Billaah. Allaahumma inni a'oodhu bika min an adilla aw udalla aw azilla aw uzalla aw azlima aw uzlama aw ajhala aw yujhal 'alayya
(In the name of Allaah, I put my trust in Allaah and there is no power and no strength except with Allaah. O Allaah, I seek refuge with You lest I should stray or be led astray, or slip or be tripped, or do wrong or be wronged, or behave foolishly or be treated foolishly)."
11 – The Sunnah when leaving one's house and wanting to get up on one's mount is to say Bismillah.
Then when he has mounted it he should say:
"Al-hamdu Lillaah illadhi sakhkhara lana hadha wa ma kunna lahu muqrineen wa inna ila rabbina la munqaliboon(In the name of Allaah… All praise be to Allaah Who has placed this (transport) at our service and we ourselves would not have been capable of that, and to our Lord is our final destiny."
Then he should say Al-hamdu Lillaah (praise be to Allaah) three times and Allaahu akbar (Allaah is most Great) three times, then,
"Subhaanaka inni zalamtu nafsi faghfir li innahu la yaghfir ul-dhunooba illa anta (Glory be to You, verily I have wronged myself, so forgive me, for surely no one can forgive sins except You)."
And: "Allaahumma inna nas'aluka fi safarina haadha al-birra wa'l-taqwa wa min al-'aml ma tarda, Allaahumma hawwin 'alayna safarana haadha watwi 'anna bu'dahu. Allaahumma anta al-saahib fi'l-safar wa'l-khaleefah fi'l-ahl. Allaahumma inni a'oodhu bika min wa'tha' al-safar wa ka'aabat al-manzar wa su' al-munqalib fi'l-maali wa'l-ahl
(O Allaah, we ask You for righteousness and piety in this journey of ours, and we ask You for deeds which please You. O Allaah, facilitate our journey and let us cover its distance quickly.
O Allaah, You are the Companion on the journey and the Successor (the One Who guards them in a person's absence) over the family. O Allaah, I seek refuge with You from the difficulties of travel, from having a change of heart and from being in a bad predicament, and I seek refuge with You from an ill-fated outcome with regard to wealth and family)."
When returning the same words are recited with the following addition: "Aayiboona taa'iboona 'aabidoona li rabbina haamidoon (Returning, repenting, worshipping and praising our Lord)."
12 – It is mustahabb to travel with a group of people, because of the hadeeth of 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said:
The Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ) said: "If the people knew what I know about being alone, no one would ever travel alone at night." Narrated by al-Bukhaari.
13 – It is mustahabb for the group to appoint the best and wisest of their number as their leader, and to obey him, because of the hadeeth of Abu Sa'eed and Abu Hurayrah who said:
The Messenger of Allaah (Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam) said: "When three people set out on a journey, let them appoint one of their number as their leader." A hasan hadeeth narrated by Abu Dawood with a hasan isnaad.
14 – It is mustahabb to set out at the end of the night, because of the hadeeth of Anas who said:
The Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ) said: "You should travel at the end of the night (or throughout the night) because it is easier to cover a greater distance at night." This was narrated by Abu Dawood with a hasan hadeeth. It was also narrated by al-Haakim who said: it is saheeh according to the conditions of al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
15 – He should adopt a kind and good attitude, and avoid arguing or pushing and shoving people on the road. He should guard his tongue against insults, backbiting, cursing his mount or any other kind of foul speech.
16 – It is mustahabb for the traveller to say takbeer when going up a rise in the land and to say tasbeeh when going down into valleys and the like.
17 – If he sees a village or town that he wants to enter, it is mustahabb for him to say:
"Allaahumma as'aluka khayraha wa khayra ahliha wa khayra ma fiha wa 'a'oodhu bika min sharriha wa sharri ahliha wa sharri ma fiha
(O Allaah, I ask You for its goodness, the goodness of its people and the goodness of what is in it, and I seek refuge with You from its evil, the evil of its people and the evil of what is in it)."
18 – It is mustahabb for him to make du'aa' most of the time when travelling, because his du'aa' will be answered.
He should try to remain in a state of purity and to pray on time. Allaah has made it easy by allowing tayammum and joining and shortening of prayers.
20 – The Sunnah when stopping in a place is to say what was narrated by Khawlah bint Hakeem, who said: I heard the Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ) say:
"Whoever makes a stop then says: 'A'oodhu bi kalimaat Allaah il-taammati min sharri ma khalaq
(I seek refuge in the perfect words of Allaah from the evil of that which He has created),' nothing will harm him until he moves on from that place." Narrated by Muslim.
21 – It is mustahabb for a travelling group to camp close to one another and not to be scattered or separated needlessly, because of the hadeeth of Abu Tha'labah al-Khushani (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said:
When the people stopped in a place, they would scatter in the mountain passes and valleys. The Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ) said:
"Your scattering in these mountain passes and valleys is something from the Shaytaan." After that, they never stopped in any place without being close together. Narrated by Abu Dawood with a hasan isnaad.
22 – The Sunnah for the traveller is that when he has done what he set out to do, he should hasten to return to his family, because of the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah, according to which the Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ) said:
"Travel is a kind of torment, which keeps one of you from his food and drink. When one of you has finished what he set out to do, let him hasten back to his family." Narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
23 – The Sunnah is to say when returning from a journey that which is narrated in the hadeeth of Ibn 'Umar, according to which the Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ), when he came back from a campaign or from Hajj and 'Umrah, he would say takbeer on every high ground three times, then he would say,
'Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah wahdahu laa shareeka lah, lahu'l-mulk wa lahu'l-hamd wa huwa 'ala kulli shay'in qadeer. Aayiboona taa'iboona 'aabidoona, saajidoona li rabbina haamidoon. Sadaqa Allaahu wa'dah wa nasara 'abdah wa hazama al-ahzaaba wahdah
(There is no god but Allaah alone, with no partner or associate. His is the Dominion, to Him be all praise, and He is Able to do all things. Returning, repenting, worshipping, prostrating to our Lord and praising Him. Allaah fulfilled His promise, granted victory to His slave and defeated the confederates Alone). Narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
It was narrated that Anas said: We came back with the Prophet ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ), and when we reached the outskirts of Madeenah he said:
"Aayiboona taa'iboona 'aabidoona li rabbina haamidoon (Returning, repenting, worshipping and praising our Lord)." And he kept saying that until we came to Madeenah. Narrated by Muslim.
24 – The Sunnah when returning home is to start by going to the mosque that is nearest one's home and praying two rak'ahs with the intention of offering salaat al-qudoom (the prayer of arrival), because of the hadeeth of Ka'b ibn Maalik, according to which the Prophet ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ), when he came back from a journey, would start by going to the mosque where he would pray two rak'ahs and then sit down. Narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
25 – It is mustahabb to make food for the returning traveller, whether it is made by the traveller himself or by someone else for him, as indicated by the hadeeth of Jaabir (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Messenger of Allaah ( Sallallhu alaihi wa sallam ), when he came back to Madeenah from a journey, would slaughter a camel or a cow. Narrated by al-Bukhaari.
26 – It is haraam for a woman to travel without a mahram unnecessarily, whether that is a long or a short distance, because of the hadeeth of Abu Hurayrah (may Allaah be pleased with him) who said:
The Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "It is not permissible for a woman who believes in Allaah and the Last Day to travel for the distance of one day and one night except with a mahram." Narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim.
End quote from al-Nawawi.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) said:
The etiquette of travelling for Hajj is divided into two categories: obligatory and mustahabb. The obligatory etiquette means that the traveller should fulfil all the obligations and pillars (essential parts) of Hajj, and avoid the things that are forbidden in ihraam in particular, and the things that are forbidden in general, whether they are forbidden in ihraam or when not in ihraam, because Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning):
"The Hajj (pilgrimage) is (in) the well-known (lunar year) months (i.e. the 10th month, the 11th month and the first ten days of the 12th month of the Islamic calendar, i.e. two months and ten days). So whosoever intends to perform Hajj therein (by assuming Ihraam), then he should not have sexual relations (with his wife), nor commit sin, nor dispute unjustly during the Hajj"
[al-Baqarah 2:197]
The mustahabb etiquette when travelling for Hajj is for a person to do all the things that he should do, such as being generous to people, serving his brothers, putting up with their annoyance, not retaliating to mistreatment, and being kind to them, whether that is after he puts on the ihraam or before, because this etiquette is sublime and good, and is required of every believer at all times and in all places.
There are also other points of etiquette that has to do with the act of worship, such as doing Hajj in the most perfect manner and striving to do it with the proper etiquette in both word and deed. End quote.
Fataawa Ibn 'Uthaymeen, 21/16.
A woman who does not have a mahram does not have to do Hajj
The scholars of the Standing Committee said:
A woman who does not have a mahram does not have to do Hajj, because in her case a mahram is part of being able to do Hajj, and being able to do it is one of the conditions of Hajj being obligatory.
Allaah says (interpretation of the meaning): "And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka'bah) is a duty that mankind owes to Allaah, those who can afford the expenses (for one's conveyance, provision and residence)" [Aal 'Imraan 3:97] It is not permissible for her to travel for Hajj or for any other purpose unless she is accompanied by her husband or a mahram, because of the report narrated by al-Bukhaari and Muslim from Ibn 'Abbaas (may Allaah be pleased with him), that he heard the Prophet (Sallallahu alaihi wa sallam) say:
"No man should be alone with a woman unless her mahram is present, and no woman should travel unless she has a mahram with her."
A man stood up and said: "O Messenger of Allaah, my wife has gone out for Hajj, and I have enlisted for such and such a campaign." He said: "Go and do Hajj with your wife."
This was also the view of al-Hasan, al-Nakha'i, Ahmad, Ishaaq, Ibn al-Mundhir and ashaab al-ra'i, and it is the correct view, because of the verse quoted, as well as the general meaning of the ahaadeeth which forbid a woman to travel without her husband or a mahram.
Maalik, al-Shaafa'i and al-Awzaa'i held a different opinion and each of them stipulated a condition (allowing her to do that), but with no evidence. Ibn al-Mundhir said: they did not follow the apparent meaning of the hadeeth, and each of them stipulated a condition (allowing her to do that), but with no evidence. Fataawa al-Lajnah al-Daa'imah li'l-Buhooth al-'Ilmiyyah wa'l-Ifta', 11/90, 91
islamqa.info
Is it permissible to look at the Ka'bah during tawaaf?
Is it permissible to deliberately look at the Ka'bah during tawaaf (circumambulation)? As I love to look at the Ka'bah during tawaaf, but if doing this is disliked according to sharee'ah, I shall stop doing it in sha Allah.
Praise be to AllahThere is no saheeh hadith about the virtue of looking at the Ka'bah, and simply looking at it is not an act of worship for which a person will be rewarded.
But if looking at it is accompanied by thinking about the splendour and majesty that Allah has instilled in it, and how people long to come to it from the ends of the earth, then this is something good that is islamically prescribed, and there is nothing wrong with it, whether that is during tawaaf or otherwise.
At-Tirmidhi (2032) narrated, in a report that he classed as hasan, that Naafi' the freed slave of Ibn 'Umar said: One day Ibn 'Umar looked at the House – or at the Ka'bah – and said:
How great you are and how great your sanctity, but the sanctity of the believer is greater before Allah than you. Classed as saheeh by al-Albaani in Saheeh at-Tirmidhi.
Shaykh Ibn 'Uthaymeen (may Allah have mercy on him) said:
Looking at the Ka'bah is not an act of worship.
Rather if, when looking at the Ka'bah, the individual intends to reflect upon this venerated structure to which Allah has commanded His slaves to make pilgrimage, and increases in faith as a result of this reflection, then this is what is required in this regard.
As for merely looking at it, that is not an act of worship.
End quote from Majmoo' Fataawa wa Rasaa'il al-'Uthaymeen (24/18)
See also the answer to question no. 96079
See also http://islamselect.net/mat/71976


Tradiationally, the Flat Victorian Mantelpiece (1837 - 1901), has been carved from White Carrara Marble. This is the Classic Victorian Fireplace with understated lines which, has transcended generations and still looks as good today as it ever has done.
We have show the mantelpiece with the hi-lighted Canterbury arched insert.


text:
HomeUnitsBattalions 600s612th Tank Destroyer Battalion
612th Tank Destroyer Battalion
Unit History: Activated on 25 June 1942 at Camp Swift, Texas, as a towed battalion. Arrived at Greenock, Scotland, on 15 April, 1944. Landed in France beginning 14 June and committed in the vicinity of Cerisy. Fought at Vire during breakout in July and early August. Moved to Brittany and supported siege and capture of Brest in late August and September. Shifted to Belgium in October and supported operations against the Siegfried Line until December. Engaged Germans in Honsfeld, Belgium, area at outbreak of Battle of the Bulge. Converted to self-propelled battalion (M18's) beginning 29 December, 1944. Joined attack through Monschau Forest in February 1945. Crossed Rhine River in March, participated in race through central Germany to Leipzig in April. Attached to: 9th Armored Division; 1st, 2nd, 9th, 99th Infantry divisions. History text from the book The Tank Killers by Harry Yeide. Used by permission.
Combat Equipment: 6/44 - Towed 3" Gun; 1/45 - M18.
Commanding Officers: Lt. Col. Willis A. Hedden (6/25/42); Lt. Col. Joseph M. Deeley (12/4/42); Exec. Maj. James B. Kemp
Code Name/s: Vertex
Campaign Credits: Normandy......................Jun. 6, to Jul. 24, 1944
Northern France...............Jul. 25, to Sept. 14, 1944
Rhineland........................Sept. 15, 1944 to Mar. 21, 1945
Ardennes-Alsace...............Dec. 16, 1944 to Jan 25, 1945
Central Europe..................Mar. 22, to May 11, 1945
Awards: Croix De Guerre (French or Belgium "Cross of War")
Location August 1945: Bonn, Germany
Additional Information/Materials:
1.) 612th Tank Destroyer Battalion website - Very detailed site with a lot of information on the unit and the unit's Association.
2.) History of the 612th Tank Destroyer Battalion - Written by members of the unit and printed by Novy Vsetisk of Pizen, Czechoslovakia in 1945. This version has been re-typed and includes listings of Commendations, Decorations, Wounded, MIA and KIA personnel. Used by permission of the 612th Tank Destroyer Battalion Association.
3.) Camp Kilmer to Victory - Expanded History of the 612th TD Bn. written by Sergeant S. E. Mestrezat. Used by permission of the 612th Tank Destroyer Battalion Association.
4.) Photo Gallery
5.) Roster of Company A - Taken from reports and provides only last names, rank and assignments. Used by permission of the 612th Tank Destroyer Battalion Association.
6.) Operations of 612th TD Bn in the Battle of the Bulge - This Advanced Infantry Officers Course document was written by Maj. James B. Kemp (Exec. Officer) and pulls from his personal experience during the action, which took place from December 16 - 31, 1944, in the vicinity of Elsenborn Corner, Belgium.
7.) After Action Reports - from the Combined Arms Research Library of the Command and General Staff College, Fort Leavenworth, Kansas.
June 14-30, 1944................3 Pages
Jul. 1 - 31, 1944..................1 Page
Aug. 1 - 31, 1944................2 Pages
Sep. 1 - 30, 1944.................2 Pages
Oct. 1 - 31, 1944.................2 Pages
Nov. 1 - 30, 1944................1 Page
Dec. 1 - 31, 1944................2 Pages
Jan. 1-31, 1945..................2 Pages
Feb. 1 - 28, 1945................2 Pages
Mar. 1-31, 1945..................3 Pages
Apr. 1 - 30, 1945................2 Pages
May 1 - 8, 1945..................1 Pages
8.) Unit Journals - from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home, Abilene, Knasas. NOTE: These documents contain information on awards, combat casualties, personnel losses for medical reasons and personnel transfers after the end of combat.
Nov. 1-30, 1944................30 Pages
Dec. 1-31, 1944.................39 Pages
Jan. 1-31, 1945.................36 Pages
Feb. 1-28, 1945.................36 Pages
Mar. 1-31, 1945.................49 Pages
Apr. 1-30, 1945.................41 Pages
May, 1-31, 1945................32 Pages
June 1-30, 1945................30 Pages
9.) Unit Histories - from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home, Abilene, Kansas.
June 25, 1942-Dec. 31, 1944..17 Pages
Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 1944..............21 Pages (Includes awards)
Dec. 1-31, 1944......................4 Pages
Jan. 1-31, 1945......................3 Pages (Includes casualties & promotions)
Feb. 1-28, 1945......................5 Pages (Includes awards, casualties & promotions)
Mar. 1-31, 1945......................7 Pages (Includes awards, casualties & promotions)
Apr. 1-30, 1945......................6 Pages (Includes awards, casualties & promotions)
May 1-31, 1945.......................3 Pages (Includes awards & casualties)
June 1-30, 1945......................2 Pages (Includes awards)
July 1-31, 1945.......................2 Pages (Includes awards)
Aug. 1-31, 1945......................2 Pages (Includes awards)
10.) Miscellaneous Documents - from the Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Library, Museum and Boyhood Home, Abilene, Kansas.
Various Files, 1942, 1944..........................................3 Pages
Various Orders, 1942-45.........................................52 Pages (Includes awards & transfers)
Coat of Arms Correspondence, 1944..........................2 Pages
Commendation Ltr, Co. B, Nov. 15, 1944...................2 Pages
Warburg Narrative, Mar. 31, 1945.............................3 Pages
Distinguished Unit Citation Recommendation, 1945...16 Pages
Medical Detachment Rpt., Sept. 20, 1945..................14 Pages
General Order #89, Deactivation, Oct. 26, 1945..........1 Page
612th Newsletter, 1987...........................................14 Pages
11.) Index to Unit Records - These are the unit files available from the National Archives in College Park, Maryland. If you are interested in purchasing copies, please contact us and we can help you with the process.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Github changing the folders case When I'm cloning a branch from GitHub locally, the folder case is changing.
Let's say on GitHub it's tabsfolder, when I close locally, it becomes Tabsfolder.
I checked git configuration, core.ignorecase= true. This is a major issue because I can't manually change it locally.
Here's what I have installed locally.
MacOS bigSur
git version 2.27.0

Anyone faced this issue before?

A: Git is internally case sensitive.  That's because most Unix machines are case sensitive and correctly case folding Unicode text in a locale-insensitive way is fundamentally impossible.  However, by default, macOS uses a case-insensitive file system, although it can be configured to use a case-sensitive one.
In order to handle this scenario, Git determines whether the system is on a case-sensitive file system when the repository is created, and if it is not, it sets core.ignorecase to true.  This means that it enables certain workarounds for these systems to more gracefully handle this condition.
Ultimately, your Mac doesn't care what the case of the folder is.  All cases of your folder name are equally acceptable to it.  If the case of the folder on disk matters to you, format your Mac's disk in a case-sensitive way so you can properly distinguish differences in case.  The current limitation is a limitation or defect of your operating system, not of Git, which is operating correctly here.
If, however, you need to tell Git to change a file or directory name in case to match a coding style or to make your project work properly on systems that are case sensitive, you can use git mv -f.  A simple git mv is sufficient on a case-sensitive file system.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


As BrightFocus Foundation volunteer, you can honor your loved ones who have been lost due to Alzheimer's or have lost their eye sight due to macular degeneration or glaucoma.
You can make a real difference at BrightFocus by helping others who are still fighting these diseases. Join us and learn how rewarding it is to be a BrightFocus Foundation volunteer.
For more information, call 1-800-437-2423 and ask for the Public Affairs Department.


Chaoyang Hotels Guide give you real tools to know all about any hotel. Save 75%, check pictures, videos, rates, guest ratings, position on Chaoyang map... and book now!
Chaoyang Hotel directory: thereunder we list for you our selected hotels in Chaoyang, very comfortable and with best discount and whole services: in our hotel reservation service generally you can find more cheap or discounted hotel and more hotel with low star rating. Complete information: if you click on the name of hotel you can watch complete information (with prices, description and pictures) of hotel that you chosen. Chaoyang hotel booking: our hotels reservation system is very plain, here you can booking at the better prices and with immediate confirmation. Chaoyang visits: in many hotels listed you can book a guided tours to discover the Chaoyang highlights and to visit the famous tourist lands in the surroundings.
Chaoyang Plaza Hotel - Chaoyang Location & Transportation:Facing the Chaoyang railway station/coach station, Chaoyang Hotel is a multifunction hotel located in the flourishing Zhanqian Square and facing Chaoyang railway and coach station. At the cross of Xinhua Road and Youyi Avenue, the hotel also adjoins to the city's commercial, shopping and recreation centers.


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Russell County ist ein County im Bundesstaat Virginia der Vereinigten Staaten. Im Jahr 2020 hatte das County 25.781 Einwohner und eine Bevölkerungsdichte von 21 Einwohnern pro Quadratkilometer. Der Verwaltungssitz (County Seat) ist Lebanon. Das County gehört zu den Dry Countys, was bedeutet, dass der Verkauf von Alkohol eingeschränkt oder verboten ist.

Geographie
Russell County liegt fast im äußersten Südwesten von Virginia, ist im Nordwesten etwa 35 km von Kentucky, im Süden etwa 20 km von Tennessee entfernt und hat eine Fläche von 1235 Quadratkilometern, wovon fünf Quadratkilometer Wasserfläche sind. Es grenzt im Uhrzeigersinn an folgende Countys: Tazewell County, Smyth County, Washington County, Scott County, Wise County, Dickenson County und Buchanan County.

Geschichte
Gebildet wurde es 1786 aus Teilen des Washington County. Benannt wurde es nach William Russell einem Politiker aus Virginia.

Demografische Daten

Nach der Volkszählung im Jahr 2000 lebten im Russell County 30.308 Menschen. Davon wohnten 1.490 Personen in Sammelunterkünften, die anderen Einwohner lebten in 11.789 Haushalten und 8.818 Familien. Die Bevölkerungsdichte betrug 25 Einwohner pro Quadratkilometer. Ethnisch betrachtet setzte sich die Bevölkerung zusammen aus 96,07 Prozent Weißen, 3,08 Prozent Afroamerikanern, 0,11 Prozent amerikanischen Ureinwohnern, 0,05 Prozent Asiaten und 0,28 Prozent aus anderen ethnischen Gruppen; 0,40 Prozent stammten von zwei oder mehr ethnischen Gruppen ab. 0,78 Prozent der Bevölkerung waren spanischer oder lateinamerikanischer Abstammung.

Von den 11.789 Haushalten hatten 31,0 Prozent Kinder und Jugendliche unter 18 Jahre, die bei ihnen lebten. 60,9 Prozent waren verheiratete, zusammenlebende Paare, 10,1 Prozent waren allein erziehende Mütter, 25,2 Prozent waren keine Familien, 23,1 Prozent waren Singlehaushalte und in 10,0 Prozent lebten Menschen im Alter von 65 Jahren oder darüber. Die Durchschnittshaushaltsgröße betrug 2,44 und die durchschnittliche Familiengröße lag bei 2,87 Personen.

Auf das gesamte County bezogen setzte sich die Bevölkerung zusammen aus 21,2 Prozent Einwohnern unter 18 Jahren, 8,6 Prozent zwischen 18 und 24 Jahren, 30,9 Prozent zwischen 25 und 44 Jahren, 26,0 Prozent zwischen 45 und 64 Jahren und 13,3 Prozent waren 65 Jahre alt oder darüber. Das Durchschnittsalter betrug 39 Jahre. Auf 100 weibliche Personen kamen 102,7 männliche Personen. Auf 100 Frauen im Alter von 18 Jahren oder darüber kamen statistisch 103,3 Männer.

Das jährliche Durchschnittseinkommen eines Haushalts betrug 26.834 USD, das Durchschnittseinkommen der Familien betrug 31.491 USD. Männer hatten ein Durchschnittseinkommen von 26.950 USD, Frauen 20.108 USD. Das Prokopfeinkommen betrug 14.863 USD. 13,0 Prozent der Familien und 16,3 Prozent der Bevölkerung lebten unterhalb der Armutsgrenze. Darunter waren 21,3 Prozent der Kinder und Jugendlichen unter 18 Jahren und 16,9 Prozent der Einwohner im Alter von 65 Jahren oder darüber.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Gegründet 1786

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Lili Reinhart Likens Filming 'Riverdale' Amid COVID-19 to Being a 'Prisoner'
COVID-19 regulations have made the idea of returning to the "Riverdale" set less thrilling for Lili Reinhart. Weeks after getting a call back to resume the production of season 4, the actress portraying Betty Cooper on the CW series got brutally honest about her concerns as she claimed that the filming precautions made her feel like a "prisoner."
The 23-year-old opened up about the challenges of filming amid the coronavirus pandemic in an interview with Nylon. "I genuinely feel like a prisoner, going back to work, because I cannot leave Canada. That doesn't feel good," she explained why she felt conflicted about going back to work after months of production shutdown.
"You can't go home for Thanksgiving, can't visit your family," the starlett went on pointing out in the profile piece published on Wednesday, September 2. "No one can come visit you unless they quarantine for two weeks. It just feels f**ked."
Another of Lili's worries was the fact that she had to get back to her shape before filming stopped back in March. "We stopped during the prom episode, so I have to fit back in that prom dress. While quarantine Five months later, we're all going to be tan, maybe a little bit thicker," she stated. "I certainly am."
The "Hustlers" actress was also anxious about having to go right into the taping of season 5 with no break in between. "I'm very lucky, but it's like, 'I need to keep going. I need to keep going,' " she voiced her frustration.
Elsewhere in the chat, Lili, who has struggled with depression since she was 12, also spoke out about her mental health in the midst of this pandemic. "At the beginning of this pandemic, I felt very lost," she confessed. "I felt very sad and hopeless, because of personal things that were happening in my life."
The ex-girlfriend of Cole Sprouse continued, "Instead of distracting myself, f****ng random people and doing drugs and drinking my problems away, I chose the harder route, which was to not distract myself. I was like, 'I'm not doing that. I'm going to go through the next however many months of s**t, pure s**t, awful, crying every day, but the necessary work.' "
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6ix9ine Compares Himself to Tupac Shakur While Explaining Past Criminal Records
Michael Rapaport and John Boyega Clash on Twitter Over the 'Star Wars' Actor's Complaint for Disney


Time to pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether the outcome of a pregnancy is related to the time required to achieve that pregnancy (TTP). DESIGN: The distribution of the TTP for pregnancies ending in multiple birth, early (before week 12) and late (weeks 12-28) miscarriage, stillbirth, and extrauterine pregnancy was compared to that of pregnancies ending in singleton birth. Furthermore, the distribution of the TTP for preterm singleton births was compared to that of full-term singleton births. SETTING: Sweden. PATIENT(S): Information from three previous studies on reproduction was used: Women chosen for exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants, or exposure as a hairdresser, and their respective controls. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Self-reported pregnancy outcome. RESULT(S): An increased TTP (i.e., decreased fecundability) was associated with pregnancies ending in miscarriage (early as well as late) and extrauterine pregnancies. Pregnancies ending in multiple live birth tended to have shorter TTPs than those ending in single live birth. No association between TTP and stillbirths was found. Among women whose pregnancies ended in singleton birth, a prolonged TTP was associated with preterm delivery. CONCLUSION(S): The TTP of a pregnancy seemed to be associated with the outcome of that pregnancy. The mechanisms behind this phenomenon are, however, unclear.
Next Document: The incidence of Sheehan's syndrome after obstetric hemorrhage.


"Nuen, it is a fae word. It is the beginning…the end…life. It is the world that the fae live in. Each story has a nuen. In time there will be two women that will meet. Their actions will lead us into a nuen. Only time will tell if it is the beginning or the end" Book of Life as told by the profit Mila Nuen. The Fae world is dying. After countless millennia of symbiotic co existence, Mankind's uncontrollable consumption of Mother Earth's resources and the poisoning of her environment have begun to seep into the Fae dimension and the effects threaten their very existence. Knowing they can no longer stand idle, Lilith, Queen of the fae has decreed that mankind must be taken to task for their actions. She commands that her daughter, Roya lead the fae army against man. Weapons forged. Warriors readied. Dragons mounted. The invasion has begun. Their first target will be mankind's only hope for survival, Earths psychic community. "Visions are windows into the future of one possible outcome. How you act upon those visions set your course into the future." The school books of the fae Scotlyn is a smart, totally unassuming, environmentally conscious young woman who runs a local nursery in the Beach City she grew up in. She also has a secret. She's psychic with plenty of knowledge of the fae world. Knowledge that makes her dangerous, that makes her a target. When the fae come knocking, her abilities will be tested and she'll find strength, courage and power she never knew existed, thanks to some unexpected, inter-dimensional allies.


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Carter in charge of sesquicentennial
Local | July 10, 2013
Special to the Nevada Appeal
The Nevada 150 Planning Committee has named Esther Carter executive director of Nevada's Sesquicentennial celebration. The yearlong celebration is set to launch on this year's Nevada Day culminating on Oct. 31, 2014.
Carter has more than 16 years' experience in strategic market planning, advertising, public relations and special event planning, production and execution. During her time spent as executive director of the Las Vegas Centennial, she assisted with planning and implementing the 100th birthday celebration for the City of Las Vegas.
"I am really looking forward to building awareness around Nevada's 150th birthday celebration, and encouraging people to get excited about our state and communities and learn a little history along the way,"Carter said.
Throughout the year, Nevadans and tourists will be encouraged to participate in more than 150 events, share the state's heritage through cultural and arts programs and engage in initiatives and activities that make the state of Nevada unique.
For more information contact Carter at ecarter@nevada150.org or visit http://www.nevada150.org.


Facing the truth is hard to do, especially the truth about ourselves. So Americans have been sorely pressed to come to terms with the fact that after 9/11 our government began to torture people, and did so in defiance of domestic and international law. Most of us haven't come to terms with what that meant, or means today, but we must reckon with torture, the torture done in our name, allegedly for our safety.
It's no secret such cruelty occurred; it's just the truth we'd rather not think about. But Memorial Day is a good time to make the effort. Because if we really want to honor the Americans in uniform who gave their lives fighting for their country, we'll redouble our efforts to make sure we're worthy of their sacrifice; we'll renew our commitment to the rule of law, for the rule of law is essential to any civilization worth dying for.
After 9/11, our government turned to torture, seeking information about the terrorists who committed the atrocity and others who might follow after them. Senior officials ordered the torture of men at military bases and detention facilities in Afghanistan and Iraq, in secret CIA prisons set up across the globe, and in other countries — including Libya and Egypt — where abusive regimes were asked to do Washington's dirty work.
The best known of all the prisons remains Guantanamo on the southeast coast of Cuba. For years, the United States naval base there seemed like an isolated vestige of the Cold War — defying the occasional threat from Fidel Castro to shut it down. But since 9/11, Guantanamo — Gitmo — has been a detention center, an extraterritorial island jail considered outside the jurisdiction of US civilian courts and rules of evidence. Like the notorious Room 101 of George Orwell's 1984, the chamber that contains the thing each victim fears the most to make them confess, Guantanamo's name has become synonymous with torture. Nearly 800 people have been held there. George W. Bush eventually released 500 of them, sometimes after years of confinement and cruelty. Barack Obama has freed 67, but 169 remain, even though the president pledged to close the Guantanamo prison within a year of his inauguration. Now, 46 are so dangerous, our government says, they will be held indefinitely, without trial.
We almost never see the detainees. Were it not for the work of human rights organizations and the forest of lawsuits that have arisen from our actions, the prisoners would be out of sight, out of mind. Five of the Guantanamo prisoners were recently arraigned before a military commission for their role in the attacks. One of them is Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, who says he was the mastermind behind 9/11. He was waterboarded by interrogators 183 times. Pentagon officials predict it will be at least another year before the five go on trial.
He remains in indefinite detention, as does Abu Zubaydah, a Saudi citizen alleged to have run terrorist training camps. He was waterboarded at least 83 times in a single month. Just this week a federal appeals court refused to release information on the interrogation methods the CIA used on Abu Zubaydah and other terrorist suspects.
You may also have seen the flurry of action this month around a section of the new National Defense Authorization Act that allows the military to detain indefinitely not only members of al-Qaida, the Taliban and "associated forces" but anyone who has "substantially supported" them. A federal court struck down that provision in response to journalists and advocates who believe it could be so broadly interpreted it would violate civil liberties. Nonetheless, two days after the court's decision, the House of Representatives reaffirmed the original provision.
The other day, eight members of the Bush Administration — including President Bush, Vice President Cheney and Defense Secretary Rumsfeld — were found guilty of torture and other war crimes by an unofficial tribunal meeting in Malaysia. The story was played widely in parts of the world press, with reports that the judgment could lead the way to proceedings before the International Criminal Court in The Hague. It received almost no mention here in the United States.
This summer, it's believed that the United States Senate's intelligence committee finally will release a report on "enhanced interrogation techniques," that euphemistic phrase for what any reasonable person not employed by the government would call torture. The report has been three years in the making, with investigators examining millions of classified documents. The news service Reuters says the report will conclude that techniques such as waterboarding and sleep deprivation do not yield worthwhile intelligence information.
So here we are, into our 11th year after 9/11, still at war in Afghanistan, still at war with terrorists, still at war with our collective conscience as we grapple with how to protect our country from attack without violating the basic values of civilization — the rule of law, striving to achieve our aims without corrupting them, and restraint in the use of power over others, especially when exercised in secret.
In future days and years, how will we come to cope with the reality of what we have done in the name of security? Many other societies do seem to try harder than we do to come to terms with horrendous behavior commissioned or condoned by a government. Beginning in 1996, in South Africa, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission held hearings at which whites and blacks struggled to confront the cruelty inflicted on human beings during apartheid.


text:
Unit 6 Flashcards Preview
Physics 1 > Unit 6 > Flashcards
Flashcards in Unit 6 Deck (85)
"Standard Model"
What our current understanding of subatomic particles is known as
building block of matter
Material composed of only one kind of atom
How many elements are known?
115. 90 occur naturally.
Every simple, complexing, living, or nonliving substance in the known universe is put together...
from a pantry containing less than 100 elements.
Atoms are so small that there are about...
10^23 atoms in a gram of water.
Atoms in body have been around since...
more than 4.6 billion years ago.
Brownian motion
perpetual jiggling of particles that are just large enough to be seen.
Brownian motion is evidence...
that atoms exist, as it results from the motion of neighboring atoms and molecules. They bump into the larger particles that we can see.
Smallest particle of a substance consisting of two or more atoms that bond together by sharing electrons.
Molecules can be made up of...
atoms of the same element or of different elements.
Substance that is made of atoms of different elements combined in a fixed proportion.
Tells the proportions of each kind of atom for a compound.
Compounds have properties different from those of...
the elements of which they are made.
Where almost all of an atom's mass is packed into a dense central region.
Nucleons
Principal building blocks of the nucleus.
Nucleons in an electrically neutral state
Nucleons in an electrically charged state
Atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons.
When proton is accompanied by a neutron
When two neutrons are in a hydrogen nucleus.
Atomic number
The number of protons in the nucleus.
Atom with a net charge.
Shell model of atom
-electrons are pictured as orbiting in spherical shells around the nucleus.
-there are seven different shells, each has its own capacity for electrons
The arrangement of electrons in the shells around the atomic nucleus dictates...
the atom's chemical properties.
Four phases of matter
Solid, liquid, gaseous, and plasma
Consists of positive ions and free electrons. Phase exists only at high temperatures.
Regular geometric shapes whose component particles are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern.
The shape of a crystal mirrors the...
geometric arrangement of atoms within the crystal.
Measure of how much matter occupies a given space.
density = mass/volume
Decks in Physics 1 Class (6):


"You finally gonna gimme what I been wantin' all dis time?"
Starring: Tony Marconi (AKA Tony Stefano) & Lee Mann, - this scene; Rob Williams, Shane Sheppard, Johnny Shovel, Kris Kelly, Kurt Sun, Mike Gibson, David Ashfield, Greg Wood, and J.T. Denver.


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Wyrdbooks: SF/Fantasy Books
Purchasing and Prices
Corey, James S.A.
The Expanse:
'Humanity has colonized the solar system - Mars, the Moon, the Asteroid Belt and beyond - but the stars are still out of our reach.
Jim Holden is XO of an ice miner making runs from the rings of Saturn to the mining stations of the Belt. When he and his crew stumble upon a derelict ship, the Scopuli, they find themselves in possession of a secret they never wanted. A secret that someone is willing to kill for - and kill on a scale unfathomable to Jim and his crew. War is brewing in the system unless he can find out who left the ship and why.
Detective Miller is looking for a girl. One girl in a system of billions, but her parents have money and money talks. When the trail leads him to the Scopuli and rebel sympathizer Holden, he realizes that this girl may be the key to everything.
Holden and Miller must thread the needle between the Earth government, the Outer Planet revolutionaries, and secretive corporations - and the odds are against them. But out in the Belt, the rules are different, and one small ship can change the fate of the universe.'
To date there are eight novels in 'The Expanse' series by James S. A. Corey (the pen name of Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck). For the hardcover collector 'Leviathan Awakes' was published as a paperback original in 2011 and the first trade hardcover edition was only published in 2019, prior to that there was a SFBC edition and the Subterranean Press signed limited edition. Both Orbit and Subterranean commissioned Daniel Dociu for the artwork of their respective editions, and what a job he's doing!. Note that the Subterranean books have no titles whatsoever, probably not really practical from a browsing perspective for all books, but given the finished product, it certainly works on these.
The Orbit Editions:
The Subterranean Press Editions:
Leviathan Wakes:
Caliban's War:
Abbadon's Gate:
Cibola Burn:
Nemisis Games:
Babylon's Ashes:
Persepolis Rising:
Tiamat's Wrath:
Subterranean Press - Signed Limited Hardcover Editions
B-Formats


Creating collections with focus on feminine tailoring, quality cuts and wearable designs, high street brand Oasis deliver every season. Flattering shapes are brought to life with cute detailing and vibrant prints with key seperates, on- trend and statement accessories featuring prominently.
- Round dial with three hand movement.
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New Tonsillectomy Guideline
Research topic: Clinical Trials
Research topic: News
Research topic: Research
Research topic: Resources
Research topic: The Research Team
New Tonsillectomy Guideline: More Watchful Waiting, Less Codeine and Antibiotics
The American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation significantly revised the pain management recommendations related to tonsillectomy, and made other key guideline recommendations to help reduce complications and enable faster recoveries.
"The 2019 guideline update aims to improve pain management, and outline key changes like recommending tonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea," says Ron Mitchell, M.D., Division Director of Ear, Nose and Throat at Children's Health℠ and Professor at UT Southwestern. Dr. Mitchell chaired the guideline update group.
The guideline has changed in four key areas:
1. Pain Management: Ibuprofen/Acetaminophen Vs. Codeine
The updated guideline recommends prescribing ibuprofen and/or acetaminophen instead of codeine and other opiates.
Some physicians and parents have been hesitant to use ibuprofen because of concerns that it increases postoperative bleeding. But a review of multiple studies found that ibuprofen and acetaminophen effectively control pain and do not increase bleeding risk or the number of bleeding events requiring surgical intervention.
This is in line with the FDA's black box codeine warning due to the risks of overdose and death in children who are ultra-rapid codeine metabolizers. The American Academy of Pediatrics has also recommended against the use of codeine in children under 18.
2. New Emphasis on Pain Counseling
The updated guideline recommends counseling caregivers about the importance of pain assessment management – before and after tonsillectomy.
"Pain after tonsillectomy can lead to dehydration, and dehydration can lead to bleeding," says Dr. Mitchell, whose team performs around 2,500 tonsillectomy procedures a year.
The updated guideline calls for providing preoperative verbal and written information about pain, how to manage it, and what pain medication with dosage to use. The guideline also recommends reinforcing that information after tonsillectomy.
"It's really important to include the children and caregivers in these conversations – especially adolescents," Dr. Mitchell says. "A parent can't really hold an adolescent down and give them pain meds. Having these conversations helps get their buy-in so they're more likely to take pain medication and fluids and recover faster and without complications."
3. More Evidence Against Routine Perioperative Antibiotics
The previous, 2011 tonsillectomy guideline recommended against prescribing routine antibiotics – and the evidence has become even stronger since then. The new guideline cites a Cochrane review of 10 trials that showed antibiotics do not reduce pain, bleeding or the need for pain medication.
"There are certain situations that still warrant antibiotics, like a child with heart disease who may face anesthesia complications," Dr. Mitchell says. "But there's no evidence to support routine use of antibiotics. That explains why the percentage of otolaryngologists who routinely use antibiotics after tonsillectomy has dropped from 80 to 90 percent, to less than 20 percent."
4. Watchful Waiting for Recurrent Throat Infections
Like the 2011 guideline, the 2019 update emphasizes "watchful waiting" for recurrent throat infections that are not frequent or severe. This recommendation has been changed to a strong recommendation.
The guideline recommends watchful waiting if a child does not meet the Paradise criteria: less than seven infections within the year, less than five per year in the past two years, or less than three per year in the past three years.
"Increasingly, the evidence shows that children who don't reach this criteria have a tendency to improve without tonsillectomy within 12 months," Dr. Mitchell says.
Tonsillectomy Helps Kids with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Another key change: the updated guideline recommends tonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea confirmed by sleep study. This reflects evidence from recent studies like the Childhood Adenotonsillectomy Trial (CHAT), which found that tonsillectomy improved obstructive sleep apnea symptoms, behavioral outcomes and quality of life.
"After tonsillectomy, many kids in the study slept better, which led to positive benefits like improved attention span," Dr. Mitchell says. "We recommend tonsillectomy for children with obstructive sleep apnea who have had issues for over three months that have not improved or gotten worse."
Full Guideline and Resources Available Online
Dr. Mitchell and his team often field questions from primary care physicians, otolaryngologists, patients and families about when to perform tonsillectomy. That's one reason he and his colleagues created easy-to-use reference guides and handouts, for patients and families. These are available at ENTnet.org.
"It's not easy to stay up-to-date on all the different recommendations, especially for primary care providers who juggle so many patients," Dr. Mitchell says. "We hope these resources are helpful to them, and my team is always happy to answer questions about particular cases."
To learn more about tonsillectomy or to refer a patient, please call 214-456-9933 or visit childrens.com/ENT.
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Turning Point Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland is the integrated substance misuse service for the city, Leicestershire and Rutland county and Leicester prison. We work with anyone who is affected by drugs or alcohol and wants support to make change. We offer a variety of treatment options and will support you to find the right treatment for you. Regardless of your age, we have a service which will meet your needs. For young people up to 24, the dedicated youth team will work one to one with you in any location that is suitable. The team across Leicester, Leicestershire & Rutland includes doctors, nurses, recovery workers, support workers, peer mentor volunteers, and trainers. There are lots of different people who can offer their support, knowledge and encouragement to help you achieve your recovery.


Episode #26 is coming Tuesday, February 26. Trenton had a birthday and you won't believe what his wife got him!! Check out this clip from the upcoming show and tune-in on Tuesday to hear all about Trenton's big surprise present.


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Fans return to watch live sports in Japan
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NIIGATA, JAPAN - OCTOBER 01: Yuki Koike (2nd L) competes in the Men's 100m heat on day one of the 104th JAAF Athletics Championships at Denka Big Swan in Niigata, Japan. (Photo by Kiyoshi Ota/Getty Images)
Thousands of sporting events around the world are currently being played without spectators in front of empty stadiums - but in Japan, a sense of normalcy is slowly returning to the country.
Thousands of fans have returned to sporting venues across Japan as the country adopts new measures that allow spectators to attend live events.
The J1 League football and NPB (Nippon Professional Baseball) - two of the most popular sports in the country – continue to draw large crowds since the government lifted the cap on major sporting events last month, from having 5,000 spectators in attendance to allowing venues to be at 50 percent capacity.
NPB teams like the Yokohama Baystars have already lifted their cap to allow 16,000 spectators at the Yokohama Stadium, while the Giants have eased restrictions to allow up to 19,000 fans attend games at the Tokyo Dome. Some 14,500 fans are allowed to watch the Yakult Swallows play ball at the Jingu Stadium in Tokyo.
NPB teams are playing 120 games instead of the normal 143 which is set to finish in the first week of November.
#巨人🆚#広島(#東京ドーム)
【試合終了】巨 10-3 広
7番手として #堀岡隼人 投手が登板‼
二死二塁の場面で、守備のミスから1点を失うが、後続を打ち取り、広島との3連戦初戦を制す👍#withfans #ジャイアンツ #giants #巨人戦 #プロ野球 #DRAMATICBASEBALL pic.twitter.com/8hxkIk3JJG
— 読売巨人軍(ジャイアンツ) (@TokyoGiants) September 21, 2020
Japan's B.League also opened its the 2020-21 season last Friday (2 October) with fan attendance capped to half the stadium capacity with the rest of the fans tuning online.
As one of the season's opener, two-time B.League champions Alvark Tokyo battled it out against Kawasaki Brave Thunders, and won 85-79 in front of reduced home crowd.
Missing from Alvark's line up were two of their foreign players, Kevin Jones and newcomer Deshaun Thomas.
"Since we've practiced without some of our players, our fans probably anticipated this would be a tough game for us," ANDO Seiya told Japan Times. "But we've practised with the guys we have and wanted to win the season opener. So it feels great to do that. I think we played to the best we can now."
With newly signed foreign athletes still unable to enter the country, the Japanese Professional Basketball Association have made a provision to allow squads to sign athletes who are already in Japan.
Alex Kirk with 24 pts 10 rebs as Alvark Tokyo held off the Kawasaki Brave Thunders 85-79 in their @B_League season opener #GoLobos
* @kingkirk53: FG 8/11, FT 7/7
* Alvark: 22 assists on 27 FGs
* first bucket of the season:https://t.co/UvnpiJvjwN
— Lobo Hoops History (@LoboHoopHistory) October 2, 2020
The 104th Japan Athletics National Athletics Championships ended last Saturday 3 October after three days of competition with more than 700 athletes taking part.
The meet included sprints, middle distance, hurdles, jumps and javelin events.
At the women's javelin event, SATO Yuka won her first national title against defending champion KITAGUCHI Haruka, who still holds the national record of 66m. Meanwhile, ARAI Ryohei dominated each round and cleared 81.57m in the final attempt to knock DEAN Genki to second place.
For the women's 1500m, TANAKA Nozomi claimed her first national crown after clocking in at 4 minutes 10.21 seconds.
Tanaka Nozomi Tanaka (R) leads the pack as she competes in the Women's 1500m heat on day one of the 104th JAAF Athletics Championships at Denka Big Swan. (Photo by Kiyoshi Ota/Getty Images)
KIRYU Yoshihide won his second 100m national title beating CAMBRIDGE Aska and KOIKE Yuki.
"First of all, I'm glad I won for the first time in six years", the 24-year-old Kiryu said. "I'll have good memories of Niigata now."
Whilst the Rio 2016 silver medallist is happy that sports have returned to Japan after months of being on hold, Kiryu is hoping to perform in front of a packed stadium in the future.
"No matter how many people are watching on TV, the atmosphere is totally different when you have fans. Hopefully the day will come soon when I can run in front of a full house."
To ensure the health and safety of athletes and the spectators, a maximum of 2,000 residents from the Niigata Prefecture were allowed to watch the meet in the 42,000 capacity stadium.
A total of 5,218 spectators living in Niigata attended over the three days.
ありがとう pic.twitter.com/QiW5J1GBf2
— 桐生祥秀(kiryu Yoshihide) (@KiryuYoshihide) October 2, 2020
It is in stark contrast to a few months before when baseball and football resumed in the country behind closed doors - a sign of the growing optimism that life is returning to some form of normalcy after COVID-19 restrictions have been eased around the country.
Both NPB and J1 League have also reaffirmed their commitment to maintain safety precautions whilst allowing more fans to enjoy the matches. J1 League has also started offering live broadcasts on their YouTube channel in selected countries, as part of their strategy to build their audience outside Japan.
The Road to Tokyo: A week in quotes The Road to Tokyo: A week in quotes
Six months to go! Athletes share what half a year represents in numbers: Part 2 Six months to go! Athletes share what half a year represents in numbers: Part 2


Athletics schedules will be posted here as available.
Richmond is a member of the Lassen County Elementary Athletic League (LCEAL). Other members include Herlong/Fort Sage, Westwood, Shaffer, Johnstonville, Susanville, and Janesville. For team sports an effort is made to schedule one home game and one away game during each season. On occasion other teams from the surrounding area are invited for competitions.
One team for grades K – 8 is sponsored. Students practice at Richmond, but Cross Country meets are held at Susan Hills Ranch Park behind Meadow View School.
tournaments are usually scheduled for both boys and girls.
One seventh grade team and one eighth grade team is sponsored for girls. The season generally runs March 15 through May 1. Students generally participate in five home matches and five away matches and one tournament.
An effort is made to attend three track meets during April and May. Students in grades sixth through eight are invited to participate. Some practices may be held at Lassen High School.
Drill Team is a yearlong commitment. Some years the emphasis is on cheerleading and some years the emphasis is on dance. This is dependent on the interest of the girls and the advisor.
They will perform at boys' basketball games. They do not perform during the girls' basketball season. The squad may also perform at the Grizzliette Show and other exhibitions during the year.


text:
Anita Gets Bail
What Are Our Courts Doing? What Should We Do About Them?
By: Arun Shourie
Narrated by: Zia Ahmed
Categories: Education, Law
Life Over Two Beers and Other Stories
By: Sanjeev Sanyal
Narrated by: Suyash Mohan
An entertaining and surprising ride through an India you thought you knew.
India Moving
A History of Migration
By: Chinmay Tumbe
Narrated by: Mathai Abraham
From adventure to indenture, martyrs to merchants, Partition to plantation, from Kashmir to Kerala, Japan to Jamaica and beyond, the many facets of the great migrations of India and the world are mapped in India Moving, the first book of its kind. To understand how millions of people have moved - from, to and within India - the book embarks on a journey laced with evidence, argument, and wit.
The Lost Decade
By: Pooja Mehra
Narrated by: Aditi Thirani
Before the global financial meltdown of 2008, India's economy was thriving and its GDP growth was cruising at an impressive 8.8 percent. The economic boom impacted a large section of Indians, even if unequally. With sustained high growth over an extended period, India could have achieved what economists call a "take-off" (rapid and self-sustained GDP growth). The global financial meltdown disrupted this momentum in 2008.
India's Legal System
By: Fali S. Nariman
Narrated by: Sumit Kaul
India has the second-largest legal profession in the world, but the systemic delays and chronic impediments of its judicial system inspire little confidence in the common person. In India's Legal System, renowned constitutional expert and senior Supreme Court lawyer Fali S. Nariman explores the possible reasons.
Landmark Judgments That Changed India
By: Asok Kumar Ganguly
Narrated by: Shriram Iyer
In Landmark Judgments That Changed India, former Supreme Court judge and eminent jurist Asok Kumar Ganguly analyses certain cases that led to the formation of new laws and changes to the legal system. Discussed in this book are judgments in cases such as Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala that curtailed the power of Parliament to amend the Constitution; and Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India and Others that defined personal liberty.
Hello Bastar
The Untold Story of India's Maoist Movement
By: Rahul Pandita
Narrated by: P. J. Ochlan
With direct access to the top Maoist leadership, Rahul Pandita provides an authoritative account of how a handful of men and women, who believed in the idea of revolution, entered Bastar in Central India in 1980 and created a powerful movement that New Delhi now terms India's biggest internal security threat. It traces the circumstances due to which the Maoist movement entrenched itself in about 10 states of India, carrying out deadly attacks against the Indian establishment in the name of the poor and the marginalised.
The judiciary has been the one sturdy dyke that has saved us from the excesses of rulers. But recent events remind us of the cracks that have formed: the quality of individuals apart, even the institutional arrangements that had been put in place to preserve the purity and independence of the institution the collegium, conventions governing the way cases are to be assigned among judges have frayed. These cracks provide a dangerous opportunity to political rulers to suborn this institution also.
Through actual cases and judgments of subordinate courts, High Courts and the Supreme Court, Arun Shourie enables us to see how frail and vulnerable this last pillar standing has become. A judge who, by a brazen manipulation of facts, lets a prominent politician off... Events and a judgment that let the convicted choose the prosecutor who is to conduct the case against them... Courts that turn a blind eye to life-and-death reforms even as they preoccupy themselves with trivia... Courts that deliver ringing judgments and then do not care to look if their directions are being implemented... Courts that disregard their own judgments on penalizing persons for perjury, for dragging out cases... Courts that do not think through the consequences, even the predictable consequences of their judgments... Judges who prevaricate, who look the other way when some of their own fraternity come under a cloud... A judge who is manifestly unbalanced, judges whose knowledge of the most elementary facts of science is laughable, a judge whose prose even the Supreme Court is unable to comprehend, all of them continue to hand down rulings that affect the fortunes and lives of thousands... Judges who disregard well-settled principles to such an extent that their colleagues are compelled to make their grave misgivings public... And the non-bailable warrants that are issued for the arrest of Anita, Arun Shourie's ailing wife, for evading summons that were never served, summons that were ostensibly issued for their having built a house that was never built, on a plot they did not own...
Through the meticulous examination that is a hallmark of his writing, Arun Shourie leads us through judgments and instances, some hilarious, so many infuriating, and points to things that each of us - judges, lawyers, laypersons like us - can do to retrieve this most vital of institutions.
©2018 Shourie, Arun (P)2018 Audible, Inc.


In 2003, the Los Angeles faculties implemented a new coverage of graduation specifications. The intention was to graduate Los Angeles faculties pupils that were being superior-educated and groomed for college and significant-stage careers. Necessities incorporated graduates to pass one yr of algebra and one of geometry, or equivalent coursework.
Even though the intention was superior and the Los Angeles faculties coverage should really operate in idea, the fact is offering a substantially diverse and extra dismal picture. Los Angeles faculties pupils are unprepared to fulfill the new demands and are failing algebra by the countless numbers. Coursework that made use of to differentiate a college-certain university student from all those organizing to go to specialized faculties or specifically enter the workforce, algebra is now the induce of lots of Los Angeles faculties pupils offering up and dropping out.
According to Los Angeles faculties Superintendent Roy Romer, algebra is now the motive for extra university student dropouts than any other subject matter. The annoyance of continuously failing algebra provides a perception of hopelessness. A lot more and extra pupils are offering up the hope of a significant school diploma from the Los Angeles faculties as futile. Some have even thought of committing suicide — all due to the fact of a mathematics need, and it will get even worse right before it gets superior!
In the fall of 2004, 48,000 Los Angeles faculties pupils in the ninth grade took Beginning Algebra. Of this group, 44 p.c unsuccessful and seven p.c acquired a grade of D, totaling 29,000 Los Angeles faculties pupils both failing or just hardly passing. Of all those pupils who recurring the course in the spring, pretty much 3-fourths unsuccessful once more.
The failures and in close proximity to failures, in particular for pupils who experienced to repeat the course, has remaining lots of Los Angeles faculties pupils discouraged and instructors discouraged.
1 Los Angeles faculties algebra teacher stated that he unsuccessful ninety p.c of his pupils, but seemed to blame the kids for the failure. He noted that lots of pupils ignored their research, almost never researched for tests, and usually skipped his course. My concern is this: Are the pupils lazy and do not care, as depicted by this teacher — or are they getting taught algebra in a fashion they are not able to have an understanding of and have just specified up, perhaps extended right before this teacher was assigned to them?
I know from practical experience that not all mathematics instructors should really be teaching math. I took essential mathematics coursework all as a result of school, and then decided to go to college as an adult. This intended that I experienced to consider a ton of excess mathematics lessons to catch up to the other students' ability stage. In one course, I certainly could not have an understanding of the teacher or the math he was teaching, which extensively confused me. In center school, my math teacher explained to me I should really have been using innovative math, due to the fact it came so uncomplicated to me. Ultimately, I spoke to the college teacher soon after course, asking if he could explain it to me in another way. His response, "If you can't get it in this article, retain the services of a tutor." Afterwards, in my eighth college math training course of Inferential Figures, I explained to my professor, who experienced a Ph.D. in figures, about the incident. He stated that everyone, who are not able to explain mathematics at least 5 diverse methods, should really not be teaching the training course at any academic stage.
Seemingly, Los Angeles Colleges Superintendent Romer agrees with my professor. He thinks the fault is in the cumulative failure of the ability to educate mathematics sufficiently in the community school system.
With the increased mathematics specifications, there is a shortage of credentialed instructors in the Los Angeles faculties at all degrees — indicating that instructors are certified in their subject matter or experienced the subject matter as their big or insignificant in college. Los Angeles faculties significant faculties have twenty p.c of their math instructors who deficiency these credentials. Even the condition has difficulties with forty p.c of all eighth grade instructors teaching exterior of their subject of know-how.
Quite a few Los Angeles faculties pupils are beginning algebra who are not able to add fractions or convert percentages to decimals, and they do not know their multiplication tables. Algebra instructors are not able to offer a overview of essential math, given that the Los Angeles faculties mandate they educate at a swift pace. Also, lots of pupils repeating algebra are assigned to the exact instructors, from whom they earlier did not discover.
Now, the Los Angeles faculties have raised the graduation specifications once more, right before making the prior coverage a success. By 2016, Los Angeles faculties graduates, who are now in the second grade, will be demanded to fulfill the entry specifications for the College of California — no matter if they system to go to college or not. This implies that the 2016 graduates must pass a third yr of innovative mathematics (these kinds of as Algebra II) and four a long time of English.
Figuring out easy algebra implies the big difference between a menial task at in close proximity to-to-minimal wage and a significant-stage vocation. Even blue-collar apprenticeship programs, these kinds of as electricians and plumbers, now need increased math capabilities to estimate essential components. It is clear that the capabilities are essential, so the alternative for the Los Angeles faculties is not a new coverage that is extra stringent than the very first.


Holiday greetings to all our servicemen and women.
Dear friends, this year, I had the privilege of meeting many of you again, including recently in Norway.
You came from all over Europe and across the Atlantic to exercise together, in NATO's biggest exercise since the Cold War.
Every day, you serve under the same NATO flag in Afghanistan.
Your visible presence on the ground, in the air and at sea, from the Baltic Region to the Mediterranean, shows that NATO is ready to defend all Allies, against any threat, at any time.
Next year, NATO will turn 70, and we are in good shape.
Your professionalism, commitment and spirit of solidarity make our Alliance strong.
to preserve peace, and keep our citizens safe.
As we have done for the past seven decades.
So thank you for all the great work you do, wherever you are.
And thanks to your families and loved ones who continue to provide invaluable support, in times of challenge and celebration.
I wish you a happy and peaceful New Year!


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