PDF cannot show up in preview window.
I used free Citavi 6.1 version. Everything went well then suddenly, the pdf cannot show up in the preview, so I couldn't do anything inside the document. Meanwhile the website works.
Regarding the pdf preview window, the pages can be changed while nothing shows up.
I tried uninstalled and installed the app again, but that didn't help.
The problem was related to Duet Display, thank you Wang for pointing it out. I was going to uninstall it, but before doing so I upgraded to the latest version that just came out (1.5.3.3), restarted my pc, and then PDF preview in Citavi magically started working again!
Thank you very much for your message and your screenshots.
We heard from about five other Citavi users about a similar issue with the preview.
This might be related to a Windows update.
Could you please send us a screenshot of your update history in Windows?
Press the "Windows logo key" + "PrtScn". The screen will dim for a moment, and you will see the screenshot appear as a file in a folder entitled "Screenshots", inside your default "Pictures" folder.
Please also let us know the Windows version number (e.g. 1803) you will find under PC infos.
Thank you very much for your timely reply.
I attach my update history, please check it. There are five screenshots in total.
My Windows version is 1803.
Hope you can fix this soon. Citavi is really good and doing research with it is enjoyable!!!
Unfortunately we cannot see anything unusual in the update history, so maybe it has to do with some graphics adapter update.
The screenshot of your preview pane with a PDF loaded into it seems like it is loaded without any errors. That's what we already got from another customer's Citavi log file, which was completely error free.
What happens if you enlarge the PDF view to full screen by clicking on the icon with the 4 arrows (pointing north-east, south-east, north-west and south-west)? Can you "pretend" to select some text on a page with your mouse, right click and choose copy (or CTRL + C). Will you eventually get some text into your clipboard that you can paste into a notepad for instance?
Can you search the PDF for some simple words that should definitely come up with hits in you PDF? Will those hits be displayed and can you navigate to them?
Sometimes it's white, sometimes it's black.
Yes, I can copy the texts and images to my clipboard even though I cannot see them.
I pressed the search bar, however I cannot figure out how to search.
Could please run an additional test? Please open https://www.pdftron.com/webviewer/demo/. Click on "Open file" and choose a (non confidential) PDF-file from your PC. Would you please describe your results?
I just ran the test, as the screenshot shows, it looks normal. I can underline, highlight, zoom, draw or make notes etc.
As one of your screenshots shows, you are working with at least two monitors. The two monitors have different screen resolutions. May I ask you for another test? Does the problem occur if you set the same screen resolution on both monitors (or remove one of the monitors)?
Sorry for my late reply. I set same resolution and remove the monitor, the problem still existed, as the attached screenshots show.
The same problem happens to me!
The root cause lays outside Citavi. We will try to find a solution together with the provider of the PDF control we have licensed for Citavi.
On the Start menu, type "cmd.exe".
Right-click the only search result (cmd.exe) and then click Run as administrator.
SFC checks system files and may reinstall DX.
After DISM has finished (this will take a while), repeat step 1.
Check for missing Windows updates: Press the Windows Key + S and begin typing trouble and click on Troubleshoot. Near the top, under Get up and running, you will see Windows Update. Once you click there, you will see Run the troubleshooter. Windows will attempt to solve the problem by checking for pending updates. Follow the prompts and click on Apply this fix if that appears.
Delete this software Duet display.
I have the same probelm, but it can't be fixed with the solutions above. Are there other known causes for this Problem ?
I am grateful for any hint.
From the Start menu, open the Run dialog box.
Click on the Display tab of the dialog that opens to find graphics card information.
Save the information as text file.
I have the same issue with citavi and I have also tried all steps without success.
No matter what I do, the content of the pdfs is never shown.
Any new solutions for the problem?
We still couldn't figure out what cause this problem. Could you please provide more details for your configuration? Thank you.
I would not make this a problem. Some web sites have so many scripts that they barely deal with this browser. There is nothing to put a problem on CITAVI.


text:
Robert Ardrey: Incidents in the Disappearance of an Unperson
Who was Robert Ardrey? He was the most important, eloquent, and influential opponent of what is now referred to as the Blank Slate orthodoxy. You don't have to take my word for it. The fact is documented in the major newspapers and magazines of the 60's and 70's, the period in which Ardrey published his four major books on the subject. It is also documented in the testimony of his Blank Slate opponents themselves. For example, from an essay by Geoffrey Gorer, a patron of George Orwell and a widely read psychologist of the time, entitled "Ardrey on Human Nature,"
Almost without question, Robert Ardrey is today the most influential writer in English dealing with the innate or instinctive attributes of human nature, and the most skilled populariser of the findings of paleo-anthropologists, ethologists, and biological experimenters… He is a skilled writer, with a lively command of English prose, a pretty turn of wit, and a dramatist's skill in exposition; he is also a good reporter, with the reporter's eye for the significant detail, the striking visual impression. He has taken a look at nearly all the current work in Africa of paleo-anthropologists and ethologists; time and again, a couple of his paragraphs can make vivid a site, such as the Olduvai Gorge, which has been merely a name in a hundred articles.
…he does not distort his authorities beyond what is inevitable in any selection and condensation… even those familiar with most of the literature are likely to find descriptions of research they had hitherto ignored, particularly in The Territorial Imperative, with its bibliography of 245 items.
The above was published in a historically invaluable little collection of essays by prominent Blank Slaters entitled Man and Aggression, edited by Ashley Montagu, and published in 1968. It was aimed primarily at Ardrey, with Nobel laureate Konrad Lorenz thrown in for good measure, and novelist William Golding added for comic relief.
For those unfamiliar with what's been going on in the biological and behavioral sciences during the last hundred years or so, the Blank Slaters believed that there was no such thing as human nature, or, if it existed, its effect on our behavior was insignificant. For example, from Montagu in Man and Aggression,
Mr. Ardrey deplores the rejection of "instinct" in man, and actually goes so far as to suggest that "a party line" has appeared in American science designed to perpetuate the "falsehood" that instincts do not exist in man. Mr. Ardrey needs the concept of "open instincts," of innate factors, to support his theorizing. But that requirement constitutes the fatal flaw in his theory, the rift in the playwright's lute, for man is man because he has no instincts, because everything he is and has become he has learned, acquired, from his culture, from the man-made part of the environment, from other human beings.
In other words, the Blank Slaters were what might be referred to as "cultural determinists." They believed that human behavior was exclusively, or almost exclusively, learned, and determined by culture and experience. Ardrey referred to this as the "romantic fallacy," and his analysis of it and of the reasons for its existence is unsurpassed to this day. In fact, in spite of Montagu's blustering denial, the Blank Slate did represent a prevailing orthodoxy, or "party line." The Blank Slaters managed to enforce this "party line," so absurd that, as Orwell might have put it, it could only be believed by children and intellectuals, over a period of many decades, in psychology, sociology, anthropology, and the rest of the behavioral sciences in the United States, and in large measure in Europe and the rest of the world as well. Few of them were as polite as Gorer. For the most part, their methods consisted of the same combination of vilification and lies used against the great anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon, and documented in Alice Dreger's outstanding essay, "Darkness's Descent on the American Anthropological Association."
Such an impudent and obvious perversion of science couldn't last forever. Ardrey exposed the hoax in a brilliant and widely read series of four books that appeared in the 60's and 70's. In the process, he touched on many topics which have become commonplaces in evolutionary psychology today, such as ingroup/outgroup behavior, which he referred to as the Amity/Enmity complex, altruism, the biological roots of morality, etc. In all of his work, his major theme was that there is such a thing as human nature, and it is important.
One would think that Ardrey has been triumphantly vindicated in our own day. The Blank Slate orthodoxy he fought so long has collapsed, and many of his ideas and theories have become familiar and widely accepted, not only in the scientific literature, but in the popular media as well. If so, however, one would think wrong. As Orwell wrote, "Those who control the present control the past." As it happens, the true historical role of Ardrey is a source of some discomfort to the scientists, academics, and public intellectuals who control the message today. You see, he wasn't one of their tribe. Indeed, he was a "mere playwright." He may have been right, but he committed the sin of daring to think outside of their ingroup, and to shame that ingroup with the simple truth that there is such a thing as human nature at a time when most of its inmates were dead wrong on that score. His whole career was a blatant insult to their amour-propre. He had to be suppressed. He became an unperson. He was dropped down the memory hole.
The way in which history has been rewritten is sufficiently absurd, and has been the subject of some of Fate's more amusing and ironic practical jokes. To make a very long story short, E. O. Wilson was anointed the new "Father of Evolutionary Psychology," for writing the same things as Ardrey more than a decade later. A whole mythology has been invented about the various and sundry "novel theories" set forth in Wilson's Sociobiology and On Human Nature. In reality, the only reason both books were so widely read and achieved such notoriety was their insistence that innate behavior existed, and it applied to humans as well as other animals, themes long familiar in the work of Ardrey. A whole decade has been erased, and today one commonly finds ludicrous assertions about the "first stirrings" of the new science of evolutionary psychology happening in the mid-1970's.
As it happens, to the extent that any justification is ever given for the dismissal of Ardrey at all, it is often based on his embrace of group selection. Indeed, he was impressed by the theories of group selectionist V. C. Wynne-Edwards, whose books were popular at the time, but the idea that group selection was somehow essential to the major theme of innate human nature which was central to all his work is absurd. Nothing daunted, public intellectual Steven Pinker used the group selection red herring to dismiss the entire corpus of Ardrey's work as "totally and utterly wrong" in the revised version of history presented in his The Blank Slate. As I mentioned above, Fate occasionally plays some uncommonly funny practical jokes on the revisers of history. In a perverse show of disdain for the "historical" role of "Father of Evolutionary Psychology" assigned to him by the modern puppet masters, the gallant old man has just defiantly embraced (you guessed it) group selection! So far I haven't been able to determine whether Wilson's faux pas will be allowed to pass in the name of keeping up appearances. If not, then perhaps we will see him, too, disappear down the memory hole, along with the crowning of some new and improved "Father of Evolutionary Psychology."
Well, that should be enough to bring those who have missed some of the earlier episodes of this continuing drama up to speed. With that, let me finally return to the incidents that are the theme of this post. In fact, they are just a couple of data points for those who happen to take an interest in the arcane details of post-Communist techniques of transforming important historical personalities into unpersons. Perhaps they will bring a smile to the shade of Trotsky, wherever he may be.
The first turned up in a recent interview of that courageous and recently vindicated anthropologist, Napoleon Chagnon, by Carol Iannone, that appeared in Academic Questions, the journal of the National Association of Scholars. In a discussion of the now-familiar attacks on his work by the Blank Slaters he remarks,
By 1974 I was attempting to shed additional light on Yanomamö social and political behavior by using Sewall Wright's widely known coefficients of relatedness and inbreeding. As I read more work in what was emerging as "evolutionary biology," I realized that I was trying to do what William D. Hamilton had done in a much more sophisticated way in 1962 in his two classic papers on inclusive fitness, now more widely known as "kin selection" theory. In 1975, E. O. Wilson published his widely acclaimed book, Sociobiology, and touched off a wave of public reactions from individual academics in the social sciences, including the cynical reaction of one of my former professors, Marshall Sahlins, in a book he hastily rushed to press entitled The Use and Abuse of Biology (1976). The distinguished English theoretical biologist, Richard Dawkins, immortalized a central argument in Sahlins book by naming it "the Sahlins Fallacy": that kin selection could not possibly apply to humans because most languages do not have words for the fractions needed to calculate relatedness. That's like saying that rocks cannot fall according to the laws of gravity because rocks cannot calculate their mass.
I – and other social scientists and anthropologists – publically defended E. O. Wilson and the academic freedom to extend the arguments of W. D. Hamilton, G. C. Williams, and other theoretical biologists in explanations of some human social behavior regardless of how antagonistic cultural anthropologists such as Sahlins were to these ideas. And of course, this made me very unpopular among those cultural anthropologists who yet subscribe to the view that all human behavior is learned and "cultural" and none of it is the consequence of our evolutionary past. In short, there is no such thing as "human nature" – there is just a "cultural nature."
Here, Chagnon has embraced what I sometimes refer to as the "Big Bang Theory of Evolutionary Psychology," the notion that, "in the beginning, the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. And the E. O. Wilson said, 'Let there be evolutionary psychology,' and there was evolutionary psychology." It is one of the central bits of scaffolding propping up the revised history of the field. Of course, the contention that, "In 1975, E. O. Wilson published his widely acclaimed book, Sociobiology, and touched off a wave of public reactions from individual academics in the social sciences," is absurd. Just buy yourself a copy of Man and Aggression for a penny, or whatever the current rate is at Amazon, and you'll find it documented that this "wave of public reactions from individual academics in the social sciences" had already been "touched off," at least as early as 1968, and by none other than Robert Ardrey.
I deeply admire the courage and perseverance of Chagnon, not to mention E. O. Wilson's brilliance and defiance of academic fashion. However, here the former is simply parroting the contrived "history" of the Blank Slate approved by his tribe. I won't speculate on whether he has simply never read the work of Ardrey, and, isolated among the Yanomamö, wasn't aware of the very active controversy about human nature during the period from the publication of Ardrey's African Genesis; A Personal Investigation into the Animal Origins and Nature of Man in 1961 to the supposed "invention" of the idea that there is such a thing as human nature by Wilson in 1975, or whether he is simply suffering from some variant of Orwellian doublethink. In any event, his comment demonstrates the extent to which the Wilson fantasy has been transmogrified into "historical fact." I simply set it forth as the first of my two data points touching on the disappearance of Robert Ardrey.
If, to paraphrase Marx, we can look on the first of my two anecdotes as tragedy, the second is better characterized as farce. It turns up in an interview entitled Richard Dawkins: By the Book, that recently appeared in the New York Times. In this ramble through Dawkins' favorite authors, he replies to the question, "Who are your favorite contemporary writers and thinkers?" as follows:
I've already mentioned Dan Dennett. I'll add Steven Pinker, A. C. Grayling, Daniel Kahneman, Jared Diamond, Matt Ridley, Lawrence Krauss, Martin Rees, Jerry Coyne – indeed quite a few of the luminaries that grace the Edge online salon conducted by John Brockman (the Man with the Golden Address Book). All share the same honest commitment to real-world truth, and the belief that discovering it is the business of scientists – and philosophers who take the trouble to learn science. Many of these "Third Culture" thinkers write very well. (Why is the Nobel Prize in Literature almost always given to a novelist, never a scientist? Why should we prefer our literature to be about things that didn't happen? Wouldn't, say, Steven Pinker be a good candidate for the literature prize?)
Yes, that would be rich indeed! A Nobel Prize to reward a man who somehow managed to write a whole book about the Blank Slate that devoted only a single paragraph to the man the Blank Slaters themselves admitted was their most important and influential opponent, and then only to dismiss him, quoting another author, as "totally and utterly wrong." But wait, there's more! Do you know who Pinker used as his authority for the assertion that Ardrey was "totally and utterly wrong?" You guessed it, dear reader! It was none other than Richard Dawkins!
There's nothing to be surprised about in all this. The revision of history is proceeding as planned.
Author: Helian
I am Doug Drake, and I live in Maryland, not far from Washington, DC. I am a graduate of West Point, and I hold a Ph.D. in nuclear engineering from the University of Wisconsin. My blog reflects my enduring fascination with human nature and human morality.	View all posts by Helian
Author HelianPosted on September 18, 2013 Categories Amity-Enmity Complex, Anthropology, Blank Slate, Evolutionary psychology, Group Selection, Human nature, Robert ArdreyTags history, revision
20 thoughts on "Robert Ardrey: Incidents in the Disappearance of an Unperson"
Steve Sailer says:
I read an Ardrey book about 30 years (The Territorial Imperative, I believe). It was quite good.
My assumption is that scientific theories based on math get more respect in the long run than ones based on words. William D. Hamilton's 1964 papers on the arithmetic of kin selection and similar breakthroughs were taken up by two publicists of genius, Edward O. Wilson and Richard Dawkins in readable books in the 1970s.
Helian says:
There are few things if any more important for us to understand than why we behave and think the way we do. Progress towards that understanding was derailed for a period of decades by the episode of the Blank Slate. Ardrey was, by far, the most important player in the whole affair. He gave a brilliant explanation for the reasons behind the Blank Slate orthodoxy years before anyone else had a clue about what was going on. Unless you understand his role, your grasp of the history of the affair is bound to be incomplete. However, Pinker's portrayal of that history is not just incomplete. In fact, in ignoring Ardrey's role other than to say he was "totally and utterly wrong," quoting Dawkins as his authority, he falsified history. I doubt that it was intentional. It was probably merely reckless. It certainly soothed the injured amour propre of Pinker's academic tribe. However, in my opinion the history is too important to be left uncorrected.
As I've mentioned elsewhere, Hamilton was indeed a brilliant mathematician, and another brilliant mathematician, George Price, demonstrated to him that group selection, if not common, was at least possible. E. O. Wilson, who was anointed the "father of evolutionary psychology" for writing the same things as Ardrey 15 years later, recently embraced group selection in his latest book. Dawkins claimed that Ardrey was "totally and utterly wrong" because, while it was hardly a central theme of his work, he had good things to say about group selection. It has to be one of the more amusing ironies in the history of science.
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Thanks for the article,
Ardreys work really helped translate a lot of the questions about almost everything important I needed to know.
This article links up the "unpersoning" I couldn't understand how his name wasn't as common as Darwin's or some other pioneer of knowledge and understanding who's work is one epiphany after another or at least reaches out and puts word to thought.
For a single persons impression, I have learned the most from Ardrey. His books are like field, practical exercises and assignments for psychology, zoology, anthropology. If another species wanted to know how man ticks and what to expect on earth I would refer him to Robert Ardrey's books first up.
David Jones says:
Finding someone who has the experience of life to accept the reality of much of what Ardrey said is such a tremendous relief.
That much of what Ardrey says strikes one as the blinding obvious, yet is denied by even the so called leaders in the fields of evolutionary theory, leaves a sense of either being on the cusp of understanding or so far out on a limb as to worry about the strength of the branch.
Thank you so much for your strident if frustrated sharing of your insights and supporting Ardrey.
I'd say "strident and frustrating" is a pretty good description of my defense of Ardrey. I find the spectacle of one who was the most effective and influential opponent of the Blank Slate in its heyday, and who was right about human nature when all the "men of science" were wrong, being treated as an unperson very frustrating. Today we see the Territorial Imperative, the Hunting Hypothesis and many of the other ideas for which he was denounced as a racist and a fascist in his own day treated as if they were commonplaces that no one had ever doubted, without attribution or mention of Ardrey's role in promoting those ideas. Those who denounced him are celebrated as if they were the heroes. Ironically, even group selection, the very hypothesis Pinker used to rationalize his absurd and cynical dismissal of Ardrey in a book that was supposed to be about the Blank Slate, is now supported by none other than E. O. Wilson. Apparently the academics will have to rewrite the history books again. Yes, it's very frustrating, to say the least.
Thank you for your thoughts. Dawkins intrigues as he was a student of Niko Tinbergen, author of a book titled 'instinct', which I have yet to read. Tinbergen received is Nobel prize wuth Lorenz. That much of what I see in Lorenz is denied, yet illustrated by the actions of the post Christian moralists of the Dawkins types strikes me as rather illustrative of a deeper pattern of behaviour.
Let's face it Dawkins is the child of the 'in group' of his cultural academia. He seems unconscious of his territorial and agressive actions, these being reinforced by rewards within his cultural setting.
Have you read the Tinbergen book, if so would you recommend it. Its very expensive and I'm intrigued if Dawkins faction run his estate? Thanks again
Unfortunately, the only book I've read by Tinbergen was "Curious Naturalists," which I thoroughly enjoyed. I'm sure his "The Study of Instinct" would be well worth reading. I'll have to see if I can find a copy.
Returning to the post that led me to your site, Ardrey.
Just rereading the first part of the territorial imperative. The words directed to Montague were clear, fool.
One of the areas that we find it so hard to analyse is why do we think/believe, Montague argues that we are all cultural, so a man stripped of all culture is a void? Madness, what is man if stripped of all his culture? Where does such a man go, what does a man do, Surely his understanding of himself will give some footing to this.
Man without culture, an interesting thought.
http://www.cosmoetica.com/DSI8.htm
The Dan Schneider Interview 8: Desmond Morris (first posted 2/16/08)
This is a interview with one of Ardreys contemporaries, and one of the very few still alive, Desmond Morris. I was thrilled to see that he dropped an old Ardrey line, but sadly not surprised when the interviewer missed the reference.
Thought you'd like it.
DS: It's been some years since I last read the book, but as I recall you seem to have been insistent that the connections to our simian past are manifest and should be embraced, and that this was the source of controversy. Yet, in recent years, those who favor ignorance seem to have gotten only stronger. Why do you think there is such a visceral objection to evolution, when it is so manifest, even a century and a half after Darwin?
DM: Some people are arrogant enough to think of themselves as a 'special creation' – fallen angels rather than risen apes. But personally I like animals and I am proud to be called one, not insulted.
David Cole says:
As a long time Buddhist and one who studied Ardrey and EO Wilson when they first wrote their classics, seeing how their ideas resonate with the deep theory of karma, I wanted to comment.
The "Blank State" idea directly contradicts the Buddhist idea of the latent causes of behavior of animals and humans, implying past, prenatal (past life, transmigration) causes. Central to the Buddhist theory was the Ten Life States and the "3000 Life States."
The "6 lower life states" refer to the range from hellish life as manifested by all known creatures during their life moments to hunger/desire, to Animality and Anger, then tranquility, to heavenly life moments-transient raptures and their "mutual possession" also on a continuum, with learning, deeper thinking, compassion and Enlightenment.
Buddhism speaks of "voidness", sunyata, which contains all causes and effects. In Japan the advanced theory is called "Ichinen Sanzen" — "3000 life states in a momentary condition of life."
As a point of interest the particular sects of Buddhism, with this theory as explained by Arthur Clarke, in his write-up of the making of the film, 2001 A Space Odyssey, "worship a black rectangular slab." Kubrick was very much influenced by Robert Ardrey.
I've just finished reading the Matt Ridley book, 'The origin of Virtue', and was wondering if you have read it? Much of his analysis seems to point in the same direction re the refutation of the blank slate, (he even mentions it by name in the last couple of chapters), yet there is a curious annoying gap somewhere that I just couldn't put my finger on.
Midway through Ridley gives the line re 'group' selection and states that groups interbreed and as such its not a positive correlation. Now I simply don't get group theory, at some level it makes total sense to me, and Ridleys' explanation got me thinking. I always thought that group selection was logical as man in an individual state, ie alone, would have a real problem. Ridley only compares success between groups, which is like comparing oranges with oranges and then saying they are just like apples as they are the same.
Just rereading your Ardrey article above and how amazingly Alice in Wonderland is the Dawkins quote mentioned by Chagnon.
Yes, I've read Ridley's book. There are some good things in it. I particularly like the following passage:
The conventional wisdom in the social sciences is that human nature is simply an imprint of an individual's background and experience. But our cultures are not random collections of arbitrary habits. They are canalized expressions of our instincts. That is why the same themes crop up in all cultures – themes such as family, ritual, bargain, love, hierarchy, friendship, jealousy, group loyalty and superstition. That is why, for all their superficial differences of language and custom, foreign cultures are still immediately comprehensible at the deeper level of motives, emotions and social habits. Instincts, in a species like the human one, are not immutable genetic programmes; they are predispositions to learn. And to believe that human beings have instincts is no more determinist than to believe they are the products of their upbringings.
The above is not only well and succinctly put, but is really fundamental for anyone who really wants to understand the human condition. As for group selection, Ridley takes a fairly conventional approach, starting with the section about the "selfish herd" in Chapter 9. I personally am more interested in the historical significance of the group selection debate than in the question of whether it really happened to a significant extent or not.
Re Ridley, yes he does have moments of clarity.
Re people's ability to grasp the truth, Ridley quotes Thatcher when she said "There's no such thing as society, there are individual men and women, and there are families". Progressives froth at the mouth over this. However, lets look her statement clearly, its the truth. Society is a construct when it moves beyond the biological/evolutionary unit of family.
One then asks, why was she the Prime Minister within a cultural fiction, if she knew it was a cultural fiction. The answer is advantage, she was gaming the misunderstanding of the weak. For the left, and dare I say, the academic tribes, are weak, they are desperate not to be the adult, they are for ever searching for an authority figure to tell them what to do and to tuck them into bed at night.
For when we ask why is it so hard to tell people the truth, the answer is that they don't want the truth.
Look at Putin and the reintroduction of the role and power of the Russian Orthodox Church, he isn't allow religion to rise because its 'right' he's using it as a tool in the manipulation of the weak, the lesson it teaches is submission and being meek.
So when we had the brief emergence of the great thinkers in this field, Lorenz, Tinbergen and Ardrey with the support cast that your familiar with, what was the response of the academic circles, "Good grief, you can't say that, you can't say that nature is harsh, unforgiving, challenging! You can't say that the natural systems support strength, deal unmercifully with weakness, oh no thats Fascism."
Ridley makes the point at some stage that the tribalism and the ingroup/outgroup behaviour of the academics of the blank slate was like a cartoon of the very thing they were denying.
Lets face the reality that in ever society there are many who know exactly what is going on, they tend to run the show, and as they meander through the religious institutions of the church and the academia of the day the only thing that they check for is that the truth, the brutal harsh truth is not taught. Look at Dawkins and his idiotic rankings around social issues!
Fantasies, fine, submission, fine, reality, Oh hang on, careful, don't tell people the truth. Look at any book shop and there is wall to wall rubbish and maybe the occasional "the art of War', the "Prince', and of course Ardrey and co slowly being lost etc.
So why, well maybe the group is so powerful that the natural system demands that 99% of the family group follow, that submission is the dominant system, a system that can only be broken when the leadership/elders etc are dead or lost. Fascinatingly, if this is anyway near the truth then its not in our individual advantage to tell anyone else, far better to progress with the knowledge, do a Thatcher, game others weakness and succeed.
I'm surprised that Thatcher said something like that. She was right, of course. It's now quite possible for people to imagine that millions or even billions of people belong to their "tribe," a perception that could not have related to more than about 150 or 200 people when the responsible behavioral predispositions evolved. That fact alone is responsible for many of the more absurd morality inversions that we are experiencing today. This is certainly one of the truths people don't want to hear. They become furious at the very suggestion that the evolution of the innate roots of their motivation to be noble and virtuous fighters for the good of "society" occurred for reasons that have nothing to do with the good of "society."
There are many historical examples of people "doing a Thatcher," that is, insisting that some religion/ideology is necessary to keep the proles in line. Whether that's true depends on whether human beings are really capable of ever grasping what it is that motivates all their behavior at an innate, fundamental level, and the implications of the reasons those motivations exist.
I'm currently reading a fascinating book by Lorenz and a guy named Paul Leyhausen. It contains lots of references to now long forgotten papers about innate human and animal behavior going as far back as the 19th century! Leyhausen had some fascinating insights about human morality that were simply ignored. He is now remembered, if at all, as an expert on cats. I discovered Westermarck almost by accident as well. It makes you wonder what a wealth of knowledge is out there in obscure books that will remain buried forever because our ideological gatekeepers find the truths they contain inconvenient.
Well, enjoy the Lorenz Leyhausen book, I found a copy about 5 years ago, I only read the Lorenz essay and what a genius the man is. Having said that I was just rereading 'Behind the Mirror', and whilst I like to think that I understand about one tenth of what he is saying I wonder if it couldn't be more simply put,. I'll read the rest of the combined book and make a longer comment,. Already Leyhausen has mentioned the lock/key concept, and both have mentioned that Taxis and instincts when seen in behaviours must be track backwards to the original stimuli/action/reaction. So they talk is scales of millions of years, idiots like Montagu expect us to understand behaviours with the false lense of culture with a span of what 10,000 lets be generous and say 50,000 years.
It's culture, or its actual reality, which is fascinating me at the moment. What if it is no more/less than a 'false stimuli', like Tinbergens beak?
And then Lorenz makes it as plain as could be. Page 66 of 'Behind the mirror'.
When discussing 'Adative modification of behaviour'.
"There has hardly been a greater error in the history of human thought than the view of the empiricist that prior to every experiences the mind is a blank sheet, a tabula rasa. Equally disasterous is the apparently opposite, but basically identical error made by many non-biologically minded psychologists…… "
With respect to your earlier comment, I think Lorenz was occasionally too addicted to German philosophy-speak. Leyhausen, on the other hand, writes in a very clear style. Some of the stuff he wrote back in the 50's and 60's is amazing. The man was completely uncowed by the Blank Slaters. "Motivation of Human and Animal Behavior has inspired me to go back and look at some of the source material on the "hydraulic theory," Pinker's other excuse, in addition to group selection, for deleting Lorenz and Ardrey from history. I found the Blank Slate playbook in the early 50's was already pretty much the same as the Montagu and company one we're familiar with from the 60's, with some charming Orwellian touches added for good measure. I'll try to write something about it on the blog in the near future.
The more I read of the Lorenz 'Behind the Mirror' and the combined book with Leyhausen, I concur with your comments, they are really tremendous and insightful books.
Re Pinker, I accept some of his work but re the Hydraulic issue, the ability to grasp the role of instincts at an 'unconscious' level is not an academically transmittable concept, it's an experiential, self awareness, imperfect and highly subjective emotional/intuitive realm. Lorenz had life experiences that Pinker cannot imagine.
The language fails but the build up of 'energy/tension' within the competing 'parliament of instincts' was magnificently described by Lorenz.
What I would give to witness a debate between Lorenz and Pinker! What I would give to witness the dressing down of Dawkins by Tinbergen!
Pinker concocted two fairy tales to erase Ardrey and Lorenz from history. One, of course, was the claim that they didn't matter because they were "totally and utterly wrong" about group selection. The second was Pinker's description of Lorenz' hydraulic theory as "archaic." The true story behind that claim is nearly as fascinating. I will have more to say about it in a post in the near future.
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UNINCORPORATED COOK to HOFFMAN ESTATES on Jan. 20, 1962 Municipal Annex
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What's the color of the other side of the reversible fan blades?


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As you are going through the guided set-up process of your TCL Roku TV (either for the first time or after completing a factory reset), and after successfully connecting to the Internet, your device will check for an updated software. It will automatically download and install the latest Roku OS version. During this process, you might encounter an error message "Cannot connect to Roku" or Error Code 011.
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If the software update remains unsuccessful, go to support.roku.com and check to see if there are any alerts indicating any issues related to the software update service.
If your TCL Roku TV indicates that it is no longer connected to the internet, you will see a notification leading you through the process of re-connecting to your home network. If you are having trouble connecting to the Internet, click here to view list of possible error codes you maybe getting and how to resolve them.


Since 2015 Anni decided to drop the four wheels and pick up the two wheels. Her tubeless bike helps her keep fit and be happy.
"I have a positive energy at work which makes happy," says Anni.
26-Year-Old, Anni Kassuk lives in the largest city in Finland. This seaside port city is too large to be a village and too small to me a metropolis. The capital, Helsinki, is a very culturally active place to visit and a good place to ride your bicycle.
Anni was convinced on FatBike Day in 2017 to get herself new wheels. Riding has always been a hobby of hers since she was a little girl. Anni says the city of Helsinki have given her many compliments: "Nice bike", "Look at that bike" & "is it hard to cycle with FatBike?" from bystanders.
She works 9,5km from home & wakes up every morning or a bit later in the day depending on her shift, with a cup of coffee and eats her breakfast like any other young professional. She does not follow any diet plans-she just hops on her bike and enjoys the fresh air.
Having a job that requires her to work shifts did not discourage her from cycling to work 5 days a week. Previously, she was living 1,5km from her work which was a breeze until they relocated her.
Her household owns three bicycles, a Silverback Scoop Single, Silverback Scoop Double and another mountain bike. Having many routes to pick from all depends on what time she starts work.
On some mornings Anni & her Scoop Single would take a short trip on the train to work and cycle home.
When she has time to spare, Anni would take a ride through the forest and mountain bike tracks just for fun, sometimes alternating routes by riding along the railway.
Her Silverback Scoop rides over asphalt and dirt roads for a few miles, "I haven't had any official problems with my Silverback so I never needed to take it for a service," says Anni.
Having a healthy hobby that gets you places was not a hard decision for Anni.
Every Thursday Anni and five other friends would meet up to cycle for fun and shred some tails, however she would still use her FatBike to commute. Who said a FatBike is not good enough to get to work?
Anni loves her bike and needed to customize her wheels to suit her personality, "I changed the Bulldozer tires to tubeless Jumbo Jims, I changed my rim strips to neon pink strips and changed the flat handlebar to 25mm riser bars," said Anni.
Her decision for a FatBike also originated from her taking part in a FatBike tour where she had an E-Bike at the time. She was offered to try out a Silverback FatBike and once she started pedaling she knew immediately what she wanted.
At home she displays her Silverback Scoop Single on a dresser in the living room. She takes good care of her bicycle & even steps in the shower with her Fatty after a muddy ride.
Before the FatBike, Anni used to ride her old mountain bike to work & used her Silverback Scoop for mountain biking only.
Anni's experience, is that her Silverback Scoop Single provides excellent traction on all terrains, this made the bicycle an excellent choice for the different weather conditions Helsinki has to offer.
Fortunately, her work place has showers for her to take a quick splash before her shift starts.
Anni's wish is to see the world encouraging commuting to work on bicycles and hopes that more girly components would be made for bikes in the future.


A young man passing away due to cancer sat in a circle among men in my home; he told us, "We are spirit-beings in a carnal journey." I see that Our Spirit, whether you believe in evolution or creation, is homing. We are all looking for that 'special place' to rest, to believe, to love and to feel accepted. We all long for freedom so we can spread our wings and soar. We all home and nest to rest our weary souls, our tattered bodies in a place full of hate.
When people come to our Mechica TemesCali-Prayer Lodge, I say to them, "Welcome Home!" And, I see, in their faces, a sense of appreciation that increases the value of us all.
What is a guestbook...? I last saw one a week ago at a funeral. I think I remember guestbooks at happier times such as weddings. My granddaughter just finished telling me that she has never seen one at a funeral, but remembers them at birthdays, weddings, baby showers, etc. I needed to say that much about this because on my webpage, guess what pops up; this guest book! I did not want to guess what it is about, so I needed to say that all three of my books, like the three book-mauscripts that my mother left me, are exactly like "guest-books," inviting you in to the deepest part of our humanity.
Sing in Yana, laugh in Pomo and love in Modoc.
Who is threatened by this?
Who would war against our humanity and legislate hate?
Dance with stars, sing with the moon, grow with the flowers and laugh with the sun.
Play in Yani … with the Great-Grandchildren of Ishi.
See in Chumaz, Believe in Ohlone and walk in Mexica.
Who would be threatened by this?
Who ARE warring against our humanity and legislating hate.
To war and steal from other nations?
and make expendable their future?
What drives AmeriCaCa to hurt my children, hate them and divide our Nation?
I want to Dream in Wiyot, sing in Yaqui, Laugh in Taraumara, love and walk in Mexica.
Who is threatened by this, wars against my children and legislates hate?
I ask for strong medicine in this place of pain.
Copyright © 2018 American Holocaust Healing - All Rights Reserved.


text:
In Books, reading & writing· Recorded on Sunday, 3rd November 2013
The Pop Up Festival of Dangerous Ideas: David Simon: Some People Are More Equal Than Others
There are two Americas. In one, bankers get golden parachutes, insider traders return to society as well-paid consultants, and influence is for sale. In the other, opportunity is scarce and forgiveness scarcer, jail awaits those caught possessing recreational drugs, and cries for help are ignored. Society preaches forgiveness for the rich and retribution for the poor. Entrenched inequality and its companion, poverty, are the dark side of the American dream for a citizenry united by name, but not by rules.
Is the divide fair, the result of natural winners and losers, or is it built into the system? We know that inequality is bad for the rich as well as the poor, and that more equal countries are healthier and happier, but this knowledge won't bring change by itself. What can be done when those with the power to change the divide are those that benefit most from it? As long as the more equal won't let go, the less equal will suffer.
From his journalist days on the crime beat through to his work on shows like The Wire and Treme, David Simon has brought the divide between these two Americas to life like no other. Simon looks at the oppressed, the victims of man-made disasters such as the war on drugs and natural disasters such as Hurricane Katrina, and forces us to ask whether the fictional stories he shows us on screen are any less real than the theatre of compassion we see on the news — from the very same people who have the power to treat all citizens equally but choose not to.
David Simon is a journalist, author, and television writer/producer best known as the creator and showrunner of HBO series The Wire and Treme. He spent twelve years on the crime beat for the Baltimore Sun. He also worked on the adaptations of his books Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets and The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood for NBC and HBO respectively.
Brought to you by the Wheeler Centre. Presented by Sydney Opera House and St James Ethics Centre.
David Simon is a journalist, author, and television writer/producer best known as the creator and show runner of HBO series The Wire and Treme. He spent twelve years on the crime beat for the Baltimore Sun. He also worked on the adaptations of his books Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets and The Corner: A Year in the Life of an Inner-City Neighborhood for NBC and HBO respectively.
@mmccwill
Michael Williams is the Director of the Wheeler Centre for Books, Writing and Ideas in Melbourne. He has worked at the Wheeler Centre since inception in 2009, when he was hired as the Head of Programming before being appointed as Director in September 2011.
He has hosted Blueprint for Living (2015–2016), then Talkfest (2017–2019), on ABC RN. He remains a regular guest on ABC Radio and TV. Michael has also worked as a Breakfast presenter for Melbourne's 3RRR, as a member of the Australia Council's Literature Board, in publishing and has written extensively for the Guardian, the Age, Sydney Morning Herald, Australian and elsewhere.
Part of this event
The Pop Up Festival of Dangerous Ideas
David Simon: Some People Are More Equal Than Others / Crime & pulp
With David Simon


China will launch its first space laboratory before 2016, a senior space technology expert said on Thursday.
"With the technological program ready, the lab's research and development are going smoothly," said Qi Faren, former chief designer of Shenzhou (divine –ship) spaceships.
As the second phase of China's manned space program, the lab - likely to be named Tiangong-2 - will gradually be developed into the core module or experiment module, said Qi.
Qi, a member of the 11th National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, was speaking before the annual session of the country's top political advisory body opened yesterday.
China is to launch its first unmanned space module, Tiangong-1 - or Heavenly Palace - in the second half of this year, serving as a platform for spacecraft to rendezvous and dock, allowing for the building of the space station. It will dock with the unmanned Shenzhou VIII spacecraft, which will be launched two months after Tiangong-1.
Both Tiangong-1 and Shenzhou VIII will be launched by a modified Long March II-F carrier rocket, said Liang Xiaohong, a senior executive of the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, at the annual session of the country's top political advisory body.
Researchers have made nearly 170 modifications to the original Long March II-F model, Liang said. He also said China would launch two other spacecraft in the coming two years, Shenzhou IX and Shenzhou X, both of which would dock with Tiangong-1.
Qi predicted that China will have its own space station before 2020.
Meanwhile, Liang said that the world's largest design, production and testing base for rockets is being built in north China's Tianjin City. The first phase of the rocket industrial base in Tianjin's Binhai New Area will be completed this year. Twenty of the 22 plants are already completed.
Liang also said development of China's new generation of carrier rockets, Long March V, are going according to plan and expected to catch up with the US Delta-4H rockets in payload capacity.
These would have a maximum low Earth-orbit payload capacity of 25 tons and high Earth-orbit payload capacity of 14 tons, he said. Liang predicted it could meet China's requirements for up to 50 years.
Looking further ahead, Liang revealed that scientists are studying the feasibility of designing a powerful carrier rocket with a payload of 130 tons for a manned moon landing. He did not provide a timetable for the development.
China launched its first lunar probe in 2007. A second was launched last October. Last year, China conducted 15 space missions.


I know you will be very surprised to read from someone relatively unknown to you before. I must apologize for this unsolicited message to you, I want you to know that the essence of this message is strictly confidential and for mutual benefit between you and I and nothing more.
I am personal representative to Late Mr. Alexander, a national of your country, and the CEO of his own Construction Company here in Benin Republic West Africa. On the 27th of May 2009, my client lost his life as a result of Brain cancer, as confirmed by a medical specialist who treated him for over six months before his death. I have made several inquiries to your embassy to locate any of my clients extended relatives but this has proved Unsuccessful.Before his death the Ministry of public works Benin (MT-PT) is owing him the sum of thirty million Eight Hundred Thousand United States Dollar) US$30.800.000 for a contract he executed for the Ministry before his death.
After these several unsuccessful attempts, I decided to track His last name over the Internet, to locate any member of his Family hence I contacted you. I have contacted you to assist in Repatriating this money from the Ministry (MT-PT )before the money and property he left behind gets confiscated by the Ministry as unclaimed fund. As the attorney to the deceased, I received a letter from the Ministry, they want me to provide his next of kin or have the debt confiscated.


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Der Misericordia (Merci de Dieu, Gnadegott, Gnadengeber) ist ein mittelalterlicher Dolch aus Europa.

Beschreibung
Der Misericordia hat eine schmale, spitze drei- oder vierkantige Klinge. Die Klinge wird vom Heft zum Ort schmaler. Das Heft ist verschieden gearbeitet, hat meist ein scheibenförmiges Parier und einen ebensolchen Knauf. Der Misericordia wurde benutzt, um zwischen Rüstungsfugen zu stechen. Deshalb hatte er keine Schneiden, sondern war eine reine Stichwaffe. Der Name entstand, da die Ritter einem geschlagenen Gegner damit den Todesstoß bzw. einem tödlich Verwundeten den Gnadenstoß versetzten (daher der Name). Im Heiligen Römischen Reich wurde die Bezeichnung Panzerstecher verwendet oder er wurde Gnadgott genannt. Von der Typisierung fällt er unter die Dolche und Panzerstecher.

Einzelnachweise

Literatur
 Meyers Konversations-Lexikon, Leipzig 1908, S. 896. Miséricorde Pierer's Universal-Lexikon, Altenburg 1858, S. 223.
 Calvert Frederick, Spanish Arms and Armour, Being a Historical and Descriptive Account of the Royal Armoury of Madrid, Verlag BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009, ISBN 978-1-110-30831-6
 Auguste Demmin, Die Kriegswaffen in ihrer historischen Entwickelung von der Steinzeit bis zur Erfindung des Zündnadelgewehrs: ein Handbuch der Waffenkunde, Verlag Seemann, 1869
 Friedrich Deters, Die englischen Angriffswaffen zur Zeit der Einführung der Feuerwaffen (1300-1350), Band 38 von Die englischen Angriffswaffen zur Zeit der Einführung der Feuerwaffen Verlag C. Winter, 1913

Siehe auch
 Scheibendolch
 Stilett

Dolch
Waffe (Mittelalter)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Do you remember around the time of ARTPOP with "the truth is in my lipstick" or something. And people were zooming in on her lips in her selfies and changing the contrast and stuff. That was a wild time. Oh and that pic of gaga in the car where they turned the contrast waaay up!
edit: OMG IT IS THE GOOD ONE!!!! " baby i just need one good one" one reason "the reason"
Lady Gaga: Tell me more.
What is the Reason - is the Reason?
Do you want love or you want fame or you want reason?
And I became a slave to what?
What happened to it? Is it still there?
EDIT: Yup, it's still there.
How did someone even notice this lol? Y'all have way too much time on your hands!
I doubt this is anything but a glitch. **** like this has happened in the past.
I mean.. as a theme, she could be going from Million Reasons to just one Reason. Since she seems to love Million Reasons.
A stretch. Who knows. I just want a bop.


At St. Peter's Lutheran Church, we have become a 'church family'. We are connected by faith, by confession, by ministry, by service opportunities, and by relationship. We do however, also offer (and value) formal membership in the congregation. Membership follows instruction in the teachings of the congregation as a congregation of the Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod. Membership provides the opportunity to share in many things beyond the faith and family connection, including Holy Communion and service in the congregation's organization.
The 10 Commandments - This 1st text reveals and proclaims the holy will of God for His people. It is a word of instruction in holy living, but it is even more a reflection of how we cannot be 'holy enough' on our own and need mercy and forgiveness for our sin.
The Apostles' Creed - This 2nd text proclaims who God is and what He does in our lives. The God we worship is Triune, that is He is the God who reveals Himself to be three persons (Father, Son, Holy Spirit) in one Divine being.
The Lord's Prayer - This 3rd text is that which Jesus taught us that contains the method and content of how we pray to our Loving God.
Holy Baptism - This is the 1st and initiatory event in the life of faith. By it we become the people of God and live in the certainty of His mercy, His guidance, and His resurrection.
Confession & Absolution - This 2nd event in the life of faith is the expression of the constancy of Christian living. We seek to be obedient to God's will, and yet we fail to accomplish this desire. We sin. When we sin, we have the joyous reality of forgiveness by God and the ongoing dynamic of forgiveness between Christians.
Holy Communion - This 3rd event in the life of faith is the forgiving and strengthening meal in which Christians come together in humility and receive (both individually and corporately) the powerful presence of Jesus in the sacred meal He instituted for us Christians to eat and to drink.
Classes for Jr. High students are held weekly over two years. Classes for High School students and adults are held as need dictates. For more information on membership, please contact us.


It turns out the kids ARE alright, even if they were born Yesterday.
Kids were shown footage of The Beatles, and their reactions weren't as disappointing as we thought they'd be.
In another instalment of Fine Brothers Entertainment's "reacts" series, children as young as six years old are introduced to the Fab Four, but it turns out they needn't have bothered, because most of them already know and like them.
Proof indeed that The Beatles appeal is timeless... Even if it pains kids to watch them in black and white.


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text:
Kotla Firuz Shah
Erected in 1354 by Emperor Firuz Shah III (Tughluq) on the western banks of the Yamuna River in the fifth city of Delhi, Ferozabad, the Kotla of Firuz Shah became a sixteenth-century prototype of Mughal city palace architecture. Conforming to an irregular rectangle plan of 2,624'-6" (800m) x 1,312'(400 m) its longer side follows the north-south axis. The entire formation is encased in high solidly fortified walls composed of stones. Most of the complex's structures are in a state of ruin offering fragmented evidence of the original design.
The central entrance on the west side is a fortified gate with barbican towers on the approach and is protected by a curtain wall with the guard's quarters and soldier's barracks in the inner courtyard. Inside the gate a huge rectangular courtyard surrounded by a pillared verandah, that was the Mahall-i Bari Amm or Palace of the Public Court, was used for public receptions and was also called the Central Quadrangle. Immediately behind this space is a square pillared hall similar to the Diwan-i-Khass, a private hall for the king to receive his counselors and chief administrators.
The private palaces, harems and mosques along the riverbank to the north and south are divided into various rectangular and square courts. In each there were different activities: 'such as pavilions of differing uses, tree-lined gardens with water, baths, fountains, barracks, armories and the servants' quarters, all arranged so as to be connecting.' Descriptive accounts mention mirrored halls, as well as sandalwood sculptures and figural and landscape murals. None of these expressions survived, having all been destroyed in the civil wars following the death of Firuz Shah and the destruction in 1398 wreaked by Timur.
Historian Shams-i Siraj Afif describes the palaces within Kotla: Mahall-i Sahan-i Gilin (Palace of the Clay Quadrangle), also called the Palace of Grapes. It was reserved for receiving princes, governors, officers and men of letters; and the Mahall-i Chhajja-i Chobin (Palace of the Wooden Gallery) was for staff close to the sovereign. The Kushk-i-Feroze was the palace of Firuz Shah Tughluq. The Kushk-i-Shikar was the Hunting Palace. And the Hawa Mahall, or 'palace of the winds' or 'airy palace', was likely where the king's concubines lived.
Little remains of Kushk-i-Shikar, which contains one of the pillars of Ashoka. The Hawa Mahall still stands in the form of a stepped pyramid with diminishing floors, which are linked with private rooms via a secret corridor in the western wall of the jami masjid, now for the most part in ruins. The Hawa Mahall served as a prototype for sixteenth century Mughal city palaces and the narrow connecting corridor behind the qibla wall became a common feature of mosques built later on in the sultanate. The Hawa Mahall is also known as the Lat (pillar) Pyramid because Firuz Shah mounted one of the pillars (lat) of Ashoka atop the palace. The mosque is famous because it is said that Timur who defeated Muhammad Tughluq and sacked Delhi in 1398 offered his Friday prayers here.
The northern part of the Kotla still has a baoli (a deep well surrounded by underground rooms) where the atmosphere is fresh even on the hottest day of summer. Further north in the direction of the mosque is an open L-shaped building that probably was the assembly hall for holding important debates. There are some funerary buildings to the east.
Alfieri, Bianca Maria. Islamic Architecture of the Indian Subcontinent. London: Laurence King Publishing, 2000. 41- 43.
DK Eyewitness Travel Guides - India. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited, 2002. 87.
"Kotla Feroz Shah." Archaeological Survey of India. http://asi.nic.in/asi_monu_tktd_delhi_kotla.asp. [Accessed July 12, 2013]
McKibben, William Jeffrey. The Architecture of Firuz Shah Tughluq. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 1988. 97-100.
Nath, R. History of Sultanate Architecture. New Delhi: Abhinav Publications, 1978. 61-64.
Feroz Shah Kotla (Variant)
Kotila of Firuz Shah (Variant)
Firuz Shah Citadel (Variant)
Baradari (palace) (Variant)
Firuz Shah Fortress (Variant)
1354/755 AH
Tughluqid
Firuzabad, Delhi, Delhi metropolitan area
Delhi (place)
Firuz Shah III (Tughluq) (r. 1351-88) (client)
Site comprises
Hawa Palace
Masjid-i Jami
landscape, military, palatial
citadel, garden, palace
City, House and Grave: Symbolism in Central and South Asian Architecture.
Attilio Petruccioli, Burchard Brentjes


Current trend, minimalism will predominate in fashion in 2017. That follows from the spring/summer collections for autumn/winter according to the major national fashion week, as you can see in the Fashion Rio and São Paulo Fashion Week, as well as in major international fashion week, like New York.
With a simple and functional fashion, designers sought in minimalism inspired the next collections, which bring pieces marked mainly by the lightness and smoothness, composed by minimalist molds, both in color as in forms. In featured, white color, which States how color trend for the following seasons, and dominated the national and international runways, leaving in evidence the minimalist proposal.
But the minimalism is not only made of muted colors and sometimes dull. To take the style of common sense, designers are betting, now, in a retelling of minimalism, with the goal of bringing greater contemporary trend. Here at PINCKARDDRESS.COM you can get more different models of the fashion.
Thereby, the minimalist aesthetic, with its perfect shapes, elegance and minimal ornamentation, is valued with the add-on of tailoring, combination of proportions, mix of textures, different colors, and prints. As it was very well presented by Osklen brand in the São Paulo Fashion Week-Summer 2017, in a retelling of the minimalist style, scored your collection merging straight shapes of minimalism, with the adoption of patterns and metallic, reptilian in a new minimalism with lots of modernity and attitude.
With that, the minimalism also appears punctuated by touches of color and vivacity, especially for the spring/summer collections in 2017, merging neutral variations, with brushstrokes of vibrant hues, the example of yellows, reds and oranges that blend the blacks, grays and White; where reveal a further trendy minimalism and sophisticated.


text:
COVID-19 present in lawmakers' church before death
by Andrew Graham November 6, 2020
Rep. Roy Edwards (R-Gillette) during the 2020 Legislative session. Edwards died after being hospitalized on Monday in Casper. (Mike Vanata/WyoFile)
UPDATE: This story has been updated to include additional comments sent to WyoFile by Rep. Roy Edwards' son Mitch Edwards, who wrote that the Edwards family had not attended any of the church services or gatherings described in the reporting. —Ed.
Videos and social media posts indicate COVID-19 infections reached the congregation of a church headed by one state lawmaker and attended by Rep. Roy Edwards, who died Monday while hospitalized in Casper.
In a series of online addresses to the Central Baptist Church of Gillette between late October and early November, Rep. Scott Clem (R-Gillette) described COVID-19's increasing presence in the congregation he leads.
"We have so many people in our church who are sick and ill with COVID-19 and so we want to just be very very careful," Clem said in an Oct. 28 video. He also discussed Edwards' hospitalization at that time.
"Many of you know he [Edwards] is in the hospital there in Casper," Clem said later in that video. "He is in stable condition but last I heard wasn't necessarily improving and so he's there in the ICU and so we really want to lift him up and then others in our church as well who have COVID."
Five days later, on Nov. 2, Edwards died. Clem did not respond to multiple requests for comment. Officials and Edwards' family have not disclosed the cause of death.
"I think right now the family is deciding whether or not to release any information regarding Roy's medical illness," Edwards' son Mitch said when reached by phone on Friday. "We will do so on our own time and when we think it's appropriate."
Death certificates, which include a cause of death, are not public record, according to Vital Statistics Services, a branch of the Wyoming Department of Health.
Health measure opponents
Clem and Edwards were close politically, personally and in their faith. "Part of my involvement in state politics was because of Roy," Clem wrote in a Nov. 2 Facebook post. "He was a political mentor I looked up to, and someone who I frequently talked to. I can remember driving to Casper with Roy for the Republican caucus after that first election, still with the buzz of excitement over our election wins. We talked for hours."
Since the pandemic's start, Clem and Edwards have both stridently opposed government measures to quell the virus's spread. Clem has labeled public health orders as government overreach, introduced a failed bill to limit the authority of public health officers and suggested influenza is more deadly than COVID-19. The novel coronavirus has killed far more people in Wyoming than influenza this year.
Rep. Scott Clem (R-Gillette) at the 2020 Legislative session. The conservative politician and pastor has railed against government orders to slow COVID-19's spread. His remarks in videos posted by his church portray how the disease infected his congregation in recent weeks. (Mike Vanata/WyoFile)
In September, Clem was one of a number of lawmakers who questioned Wyoming Public Health Officer Dr. Alexia Harrist at a legislative committee meeting. Edwards was also part of that questioning. Edwards echoed unfounded conservative talking points that the virus's impact was overblown for political reasons and would vanish after the November election.
"It wasn't as significant as we first thought it was," Clem told WyoFile in September. "Not to say that it wasn't significant, not to say it wasn't dangerous."
But, "people take calculated risks every single day," he said. "It's government and the media going a certain direction and the public is looking at it logically and going a different direction."
Campbell County has since become one of the state's virus hotspots.
Sick congregants
By as early as Oct. 18, virus infections were present in Clem's congregation.
In two videos of church services posted online that day, Clem talked about having a number of sick congregants. "There is a lot of sick folks and I'm sure that some of it actually probably is COVID related," he said. He named at least one churchgoer who had tested positive.
Clem also referenced a social gathering the night before in the videos, labeling it a success with a "good turnout."
In an Oct. 21 post from the church's Facebook account, Clem wrote that the congregation had two confirmed cases. "I suspect we have many more," he wrote, and asked people who were sick to stay home.
Clem posted a video of a pre-recorded sermon online that day, since some in his congregation were staying away from the church. "I saw the church chat was just going wild," he said in the video. "A lot of people are sick and just staying at home and taking precautions and I think that is wonderful."
Clem encouraged people to stay home if sick but also said that "colds come and go."
"Honestly folks I'm not worried," he said. "I'm not filled with anxiety or care or anything like that."
The church also posted a video of an in-church service that day. The video does not show how many people attended, but in it Clem tells the congregation he is "pleasantly surprised" by attendance.
"I wasn't sure how many people we were going to have tonight and we have a good little crowd," Clem said.
Screenshot of a Google street view image of the Central Baptist Church in Gillette. (Google)
On Oct. 23, a post appeared on the church account citing confirmed positive cases and cancelling a service and Sunday school classes, but keeping one service scheduled.
"A great number of people in our congregation have fallen ill, including at least 4 people who have tested positive for COVID-19," the post read. "I suspect a great number of those who are currently ill may have this virus."
Edwards was hospitalized the night of Oct. 23, according to a report from the Gillette News Record. The Edwards family had not attended the church services or social gatherings described above, Mitch Edwards wrote to WyoFile.
On Oct. 27, Clem announced he was moving services online for the time being.
On Oct. 28, Clem posted the video where he discussed Edwards' hospitalization. Some of the sick churchgoers "were having a real rough go," Clem said in that video.
In an Oct. 31 email to the other members of the Wyoming Legislature, Clem wrote that Edwards had been airlifted to the Wyoming Medical Center. "As many of you know, Representative Edwards was flown to Casper last week," Clem wrote in the email. "His condition has not improved and this morning it sounds like he is to be intubated."
Intubation is a medical procedure where a tube is inserted through a patient's mouth in order to place him or her on a ventilator. The procedure is often utilized with critically ill COVID-19 patients, as the virus overwhelms the respiratory system.
Edwards' wife hoped for prayers from Edwards' lawmaker colleagues, but also privacy, Clem wrote. "The media has been fishing for information, which she really doesn't want disclosed," he wrote.
On Nov. 1, Clem led the church in praying "for a miracle" for Edwards. "Really we need that," he said in a video that day. "There's a multitude of people in our church who have gotten this disease," Clem said. "We pray for others who are sick in our church, so many people with COVID." He went on to name seven individuals and a family. Others were sick as well, Clem said.
On Monday, Nov. 2, Clem wrote lawmakers to inform them of Edwards' death. "It's with a heavy heart that I tell you Roy Edwards went home to glory. He passed at about 10:30 this morning," Clem wrote.
Gov. Mark Gordon ordered the Wyoming state flag flown at half mast on the Capitol and in Campbell County. "Our thoughts and prayers are with his family," the governor said in a statement.
A number of Wyoming politicians offered condolences online and hailed Edwards' career in public service. "Roy was as rock solid conservative as you could find," Senate Vice President Ogden Driskill (R-Devils Tower) wrote on Facebook. "No need to lobby him one way or the other — Roy stayed true to his values — always. You will be missed."
Rep. Landon Brown (R-Cheyenne) wrote that "I didn't always agree with him politically but I NEVER heard a negative word out of his mouth. I will miss shaking his hand and giving him a hard time."
U.S. Rep. Liz Cheney posted her condolences to Twitter. "Phil and I were deeply saddened by the news of State Representative Roy Edwards' passing," she wrote. "Roy was a friend to all that knew him, and he never knew a stranger." Phil is Philip Perry, Cheney's husband and former general counsel for U.S. Homeland Security.
The Wyoming Republican Party also honored Edwards online. "Roy was a true servant of the people and recognized who he worked for when serving at all levels of government for over thirty years," the party posted to its Facebook page.
Support independent reporting — donate to WyoFile today.
Tagged: campbell county, COVID-19, gillette, Roy Edwards, Scott Clem
Andrew Graham
Andrew Graham is reporting for WyoFile from Laramie. He covers state government, energy and the economy. Reach him at 443-848-8756 or at andrew@wyofile.com, follow him @AndrewGraham88	More by Andrew Graham
Patty Sabon says:
My in-laws go to a evangelical (pro Trump church) They are in their 80s and don't wear masks. This is so upsetting to me. What I would like to say to them is if Jesus Christ himself came and sat down with them at their kitchen table and tried to explain to them that wearing a mask not only protects them but also their church family, would they listen? And doesn't God want us to look out for and care for each other? And God himself created these scientists, doctors and nurses with their extraordinary minds and hearts begging us to make the right decision and wear a mask. But noooooo lets follow the word of someone who lied over 20,000 times during his years in office. Yeah lets worship him.
Joanna Greenshields says:
I'm sorry. I hope your parents stay safe.
Edith Cook says:
Thanks for your excellent reporting, Andy. I have been a supporter of WYOFile for a very long time.
Sally Sarvey says:
I am sorry for the loss to the family and the citizens of Campbell County who placed their faith in him as a legislator. However, his "Do or Die" philosophy failed to recognize the danger he could be spreading. We know that an asymptotic COVID positive individual is capable of infecting any person he comes in close contact with weeks before he falls ill.
D Alexander says:
Once again, we are being told that "churchgoing" is more important that safe practices. Sorry, right wing beliefs and religious observance do no inoculate against a virus that has no politics, no religion, interest in what you want for your life, How many of those good, right wing Baptists wore a mask, stayed 6+ feet away from everyone else and otherwise generally followed the science, not Genesis?
Lyle Joseph Hartman says:
Roy Edwards was a great loss to Christian conservatives across the State. Hopefully they can appoint someone as good to replace him.
David Jones says:
At what point are the citizens of this state going to take this pandemic seriously? This virus does not care about your religious freedoms, the constitution, who you voted for, or anything else. All it wants to do is infect your body and do as much damage as possible. Freedom is a both a right and responsibility. It doesn't entitle you to endanger those around you so that you can exercise your own "freedoms" If we don't start taking this more seriously, more lives will be lost, the hospitals will be forced to make very hard decisions because they are over run, and further economic damage will occur. Wear a mask and make good decisions, it isn't that hard! Its unfortunate what happened to Rep Edwards regardless of whether it was Covid or not. However, if it was a Covid related death, wearing masks would have likely prevented it as it is an airborne illness of which the impacts are proven to be greatly reduced by wearing face coverings.
Harvey Reading says:
I thought this god fella was s'posed to take care of his "children". That was what Southern Baptists were taught when I was a kid and forced to be one…utter nonsense I gave up on before graduating high school. Too much illogical thought and taking things "on faith" for me.
Damon jensen says:
Representative Edwards was a great Wyomingite and served HD 53 and the state well.
Real clear politics measures COVID-19 deaths per 50 states and 10 year seasonal influenza deaths. Wyoming has had 105 COVID-19 deaths and an average of 85 influenza deaths. COVID-19 is deadly serious with a mortality rate of 0.64%.
It is poor journalism to imply a death came from church. A highly contagious disease can be spread during any activity reinforcing our need for face coverings, hand washing, and distancing as possible. It may have came from church or may not. Prohibiting church or constitutional freedoms is a price too high.
I wish Representative Edwards family and the congregation of Central Baptist my condolences.
Chuck Davis says:
I feel for representative Edward's family and wish they didn't have to go through what they are currently going through. My thoughts are with them and everyone who has been impacted by covid.
However, your justification, or attempt of justification, is the problem our country is currently facing. Your defense of religious and "constitutional" freedoms is endangering the rest of the public. Your church will be there once covid is more manageable or hopefully, mitigated.
Please don't be selfish.
Zachary Cook says:
Nobody is banning church here. But for the love of God (pardon the pun) please be smarter and safer about churchgoing. Packing into a crowded room of congregants for hours with no masks and insufficient physical distancing WILL spread this disease to your fellow congregants, some of whom may get seriously ill or die. That is neither godly behavior, nor is it a 'constitutional right'. Show some moral backbone and personal responsibility and take the necessary steps to protect yourself and those around you by attending virtual services if at all possible, and otherwise wearing masks, and avoiding close physical contact with others. I hardly think Jesus wishes for his followers to spread a highly contagious, deadly disease to each other while spreading his love.


text:
Kyle Busch snaps long winless streak to claim second NASCAR Cup championship
Michelle R. Martinelli
HOMESTEAD, Fla. — Kyle Busch hadn't won a NASCAR Cup Series race since June, but the No. 18 Toyota driver took the checkered flag in the race that mattered most.
In his fifth consecutive season advancing through the playoffs and into the Championship 4, Busch won the Ford EcoBoost 400 on Sunday at Homestead-Miami Speedway and his second Cup championship, outlasting Joe Gibbs Racing teammate and runner-up Martin Truex Jr.
"We had a really good car, and I could race around and move around," Busch told NBC Sports after his fifth win of the 2019 season and the 56th of his Cup career, moving him into ninth on the all-time list.
"And that's what's so special about Homestead-Miami Speedway, is the ability to put on a show. I felt like we did that racing those guys. It was a lot of fun to cap off such an amazing year."
Denny Hamlin, Gibbs' third driver fighting for the championship, finished 10th, while Stewart-Haas Racing contender Kevin Harvick was fourth.
"You race against these guys, and it really turns into individual battles," Harvick said when asked if he felt outnumbered. "Those guys were all racing for each other and trying to win a championship."
Despite a 21-race winless streak, Busch and the No. 18 team were so consistent that they were able to rack up enough playoff points throughout the season to survive the 10-race playoffs. They also won the regular-season championship.
Now with his second title, Busch is the second active driver with more than one, joining seven-time champion Jimmie Johnson. It is also Joe Gibbs Racing's fifth series title.
BUSCH:Found the best way to celebrate with his 4-year-old son
Busch's first Cup championship was in 2015, a season in which he missed 11 races after breaking his leg at Daytona International Speedway in the season-opening weekend. Missing nearly a third of the schedule while in recovery, many NASCAR fans questioned the legitimacy of his title.
"There's always your doubters, there's always your haters," Busch said while still on the 1.5-mile oval. "But you know what? This one's for Rowdy Nation because you guys are the best."
BUSCH:Winning five NASCAR Cup championships is 'still attainable'
TO THE BANK:How Busch won around $1,000 off his fellow drivers
The 34-year-old Las Vegas native was able to capitalize as his JGR teammates had issues on pit road. During a pit stop in the second stage, the No. 19 Toyota team accidentally switched the right front and left front tires for a costly error that forced Truex to return to pit road, relinquish his track position and go a lap down.
With the help of a caution, Truex and his team were able to get back on the lead lap and eventually work their way back up to second behind Busch. But with 38 laps left, Truex trailed Busch by more than eight seconds.
"I felt like if I could have been up front and controlled the race, I could have drove away from them," Truex said. "At the end, we were quite a bit quicker, but it was too much of a gap. It's part of the deal. You've got to be perfect, and one mistake probably cost us a shot at it."
Hamlin and the No. 11 team were having an engine issue in the third stage, which required a green-flag pit stop to address, putting his Toyota a lap down.
"I feel like I did all I could," Hamlin said. "I don't think I could have done a better job. I didn't leave anything out there."
RARE AIR: Basketball Hall of Famer Michael Jordan brought some championship star power to Homestead.
Jordan, who owns the NBA's Charlotte Hornets, and Hamlin are good friends – they met seven years ago – so Jordan will be rooting for the Joe Gibbs Racing driver and cheering from his pit box.
"We go way back," Jordan said during an interview with NBC Sports. "He's a season-ticket holder at the Hornets. I spend a lot of time playing golf with him, and obviously I'm a big NASCAR fan, so I came out to support him."
Jordan says he grew up watching NASCAR and sets "my clock every Sunday" to catch races.
Jordan says he has no plans to get more involved in racing.
"I've got a lot on my plate," he said. "I love being a fan. I still understand the sport, but in terms of ownership, nah, I think I'm just going to sit back and watch it and support from afar."
Contributing: The Associated Press
Ford EcoBoost 400 results
Sunday from the 1.5-mile Homestead-Miami Speedway (starting position in parentheses):
1. (4) Kyle Busch, Toyota, 267.
2. (3) Martin Truex Jr., Toyota, 267.
3. (16) Erik Jones, Toyota, 267.
4. (2) Kevin Harvick, Ford, 267.
5. (5) Joey Logano, Ford, 267.
6. (10) Clint Bowyer, Ford, 267.
7. (15) Ryan Newman, Ford, 267.
8. (22) Austin Dillon, Chevrolet, 267.
9. (12) Alex Bowman, Chevrolet, 267.
10. (1) Denny Hamlin, Toyota, 267.
11. (7) Ryan Blaney, Ford, 266.
12. (25) Daniel Hemric, Chevrolet, 266.
13. (18) Jimmie Johnson, Chevrolet, 266.
14. (17) Daniel Suarez, Ford, 266.
15. (11) Chase Elliott, Chevrolet, 266.
16. (20) Chris Buescher, Chevrolet, 266.
17. (19) Paul Menard, Ford, 266.
18. (8) Brad Keselowski, Ford, 265.
19. (23) Ricky Stenhouse Jr., Ford, 265.
20. (21) Matt DiBenedetto, Toyota, 265.
21. (13) Kurt Busch, Chevrolet, 265.
22. (14) Aric Almirola, Ford, 264.
23. (30) John Hunter Nemechek, Ford, 264.
24. (24) Ty Dillon, Chevrolet, 263.
25. (26) Ryan Preece, Chevrolet, 263.
26. (28) Michael McDowell, Ford, 263.
27. (31) David Ragan, Ford, 263.
28. (33) Landon Cassill, Chevrolet, 262.
29. (37) Drew Herring, Toyota, 262.
30. (34) JJ Yeley, Ford, 262.
31. (29) Corey LaJoie, Ford, 261.
32. (39) BJ McLeod, Chevrolet, 256.
33. (40) Timmy Hill, Toyota, 248.
34. (27) Bubba Wallace, Chevrolet, 243.
35. (36) Ross Chastain, Chevrolet, 242.
36. (38) Josh Bilicki, Ford, Brakes, 240.
37. (35) Reed Sorenson, Chevrolet, Brakes, 236.
38. (32) Joe Nemechek, Chevrolet, Steering, 227.
39. (9) William Byron, Chevrolet, Engine, 215.
40. (6) Kyle Larson, Chevrolet, Engine, 209.
Average Speed of Race Winner: 142.654 mph.
Time of Race: 2 Hours, 48 Minutes, 47 Seconds.
Margin of Victory: 4.578 Seconds.
Caution Flags: 3 for 15 laps.
Lead Changes: 14 among 5 drivers.
Lap Leaders: D. Hamlin 0; K. Harvick 1-20; M. Truex Jr. 21-38; R. Stenhouse Jr. 39; M. Truex Jr. 40-86; K. Busch 87; M. Truex Jr. 88-120; K. Busch 121-143; K. Harvick 144-156; K. Busch 157-167; D. Hamlin 168-169; K. Busch 170-209; M. Truex Jr. 210-214; K. Harvick 215-222; K. Busch 223-267.
Leaders Summary (Driver, Times Lead, Laps Led): Kyle Busch 5 times for 120 laps; Martin Truex Jr. 4 times for 103 laps; Kevin Harvick 3 times for 41 laps; Denny Hamlin 1 time for 2 laps; Ricky Stenhouse Jr. 1 time for 1 lap.


invocation written in her book, I now have a much lighter, more effortless relation with my back.
comprehensive. I can't wait to sink my teeth into it.
been dealing with chronic hip pain that chiropractics and physio had not made much difference.
being pain free definitely helps with my physio exercises!
healing abilities to help self or others" thank you!
to the main floor in my body. It felt all the way to my feet! Wow. I felt totally focused and present.


Our procurement processes aim to foster good quality designs which are aesthetically appealing, efficient to build and deliver exceptional value for money.
Good teamwork through effective partnering is essential to our procurement process. We want to work with companies who share our values and produce outstanding work.
early involvement of project partners and stakeholders.
We are delighted to be working closely with these businesses and we look forward to jointly delivering our ambitious development programme between October 2012 and October 2016.


text:
The Mentalist Season 1 Episode 15
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As Jane and the team investigate the poisoning death of the "queen bee" in a country club, they discover that the community is full of secrets, including love affairs and drug abuse
Serie: The Mentalist
Director: Paul Holahan
Guest Star: Andrea Bogart, Brandon Waters, Eamon Hunt, Jolie Jenkins, Lisa Arturo, Marguerite MacIntyre, Mark Weiler, Meera Simhan, Michael Stoyanov, Yancey Arias
Episode Title: Scarlett Fever
Tom Kirkman, a low-level cabinet member is suddenly appointed President of the United States after a catastrophic attack during the State of the Union kills everyone above him in the…
Genre: Drama, War & Politics
After crash-landing on an alien planet, the Robinson family fights against all odds to survive and escape. But they're surrounded by hidden dangers.
When three working class kids enroll in the most exclusive school in Spain, the clash between the wealthy and the poor students leads to tragedy.
Laws of love
The story of two lawyers specializing in family law, Ricardo and Alejandra, that despite coming from two disappointments and being in a world where it seems that love loses strength,…
Genre: Drama, Soap
A heroic group of teens sheltered from the dangers of the post-apocalyptic world leave the safety of the only home they have ever known and embark on a cross-country journey…
After saving the life of the President, two secret service agents – Myka Bering and Pete Lattimer – find themselves assigned to the top secret Warehouse 13. The Warehouse is…
Genre: Action & Adventure, Comedy, Sci-Fi & Fantasy
The lives of the elite Navy Seals as they train, plan and execute the most dangerous, high-stakes missions our country can ask.
Genre: Action & Adventure, Drama, War & Politics
It's 1990-something, and since Lainey still hasn't achieved rock 'n' roll greatness, she returns to William Penn Academy as the new music teacher.
Comedy about the unlikely friendship that develops between two very different young women who meet waitressing at a diner in trendy Williamsburg, Brooklyn, and form a bond over one day…
Puberty Syndrome—a rumored, mysterious syndrome that only affects those in their puberty. For example, a bunny girl suddenly appeared in front of Sakuta Azusagawa. The bunny girl's real identity is…
Genre: Animation, Comedy, Mystery
Common people discover that they have super powers. Their lives intertwine as a devastating event must be prevented.
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Japan is famous for its Cherry Blossom season, that both locals and tourists look forward to this with much fanfare. While next year's Cherry Blossom season forecast is not available yet, a watch brand has already looked into this as a wearable inspiration.
We're talking about The 5TH's Haru watch, which is part of the brand's upcoming Tokyo collection. Made with 316L stainless steel bezel and hardened mineral crystal lens, the Haru comes with a pink grain-textured Italian leather strap. This water-resistant watch also features silver indexing and a silver casing.
At $95, this seems like a practical gift for someone who wants to keep track of their time in style. And apart from its functionality, the Haru is also right on trend, as the fashion industry is now keen on accessories in blush and nudes.


If you are reading this, you want to be a better pool player. Either you are already a champion and just want to win even more, or you know that you have what it takes to make it happen, and you just need to keep getting those little edges to advance your game. Ok so that's why I've made this little checklist for you today to help you make sure you are moving forward.
Here are four things that champions consistently do that allow them to keep winning, or at least win as much as possible…and that help them to keep improving.
Number 2: Champions stay focused on what they want. Instead of allowing their mind to wander into the bad things that could happen, they become good at deciding and then staying focused on their desired outcome.
Number 3: Champions continually put in the work to develop or maintain the skills necessary to tackle all situations. If and if there is something they don't know, they are eager to learn a new technique or shot.
Number 4: If something goes wrong, champions do not dwell on it, instead they get focused back into their goals and into a positive solution to fix the situation from that moment. So if they miss a shot, they might get mad, but they know they better be ready soon to respond with the good stuff in their next opportunity.
Think and act like a champion and guess what… you will become one!