text:
JEAN-JACQUES BURNEL – FREDDIE LAKER
"Freddie Laker"
JEAN-JACQUES BURNEL – "Freddie Laker (Concorde & Eurobus)" / "Ozymandias" (United Artists UP 36500) April 1979
Jean-Jacques Burnel 'Freddie Laker' was a single taken from 'Euroman Cometh', a 1979 debut solo album by the Stranglers' bassist.
Musically, it was an attempt at incorporating electronic sounds into rock. Lyrically, it evolved around the idea of a United States of Europe in the context of the Cold War.
"A Europe riddled with American values and soviet subversion is a diseased sycophantic old whore: a Europe strong, united and independent is a child of the future", states Burnel on the inner sleeve.
Guest musicians were Peter Howells of The Drones (drums on tracks three, five and six), track nine featured Brian James of The Damned (guitar), Lew Lewis (harmonica) and Carey Fortune of Chelsea (drums). All other instruments were played by Burnel.
The album reached number 40 in the UK Albums Chart in April 1979. The track "Freddie Laker" was released as a single on 13 April 1979, backed with the non-album track "Ozymandias".
Smash Hits – April 1979
Jean-Jacques Burnel
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BizLink® SFP+ 10G, 1-channel parallel passive loopback module is for storages, servers, and switches SFP+ port testing. Transmitting Data through TX of host side to RX of device side. They are fully SFF compliant and provide a 2-wire serial communication interface for memory map loading.


text:
American Idol 4
Carrie Underwood is the first female to win the ACM Awards' entertainer of the year twice
April 19, 2010 by Andy Dehnart Leave a Comment
Carrie Underwood was named the entertainer of the year at the Academy of Country Music Awards Sunday night–the show that preempted The Amazing Race–and because she also won that award last year, she "made history … becoming the first woman… continue reading
Paula Abdul hater attacks Constantine Maroulis
August 7, 2009 by Andy Dehnart Leave a Comment
American Idol 4 finalist Constantine Maroulis' love and support of Paula Abdul led a man to attack him early Thursday morning while he was performing at Cipriani on Wall Street. The man, who was wearing a suit, "threw punches, pushed… continue reading
Constantine Maroulis nominated for a Tony
May 5, 2009 by Andy Dehnart
American Idol 4 finalist Constantine Maroulis has been nominated for a Tony Award. He's up for best performance by a leading actor in a musical for his performance as Drew Bowie in Rock of Ages, and now has validation for… continue reading
Carrie Underwood wins ACM entertainer of the year
April 6, 2009 by Andy Dehnart
American Idol 4 winner Carrie Underwood continues to collect awards, as she won entertainer of the year and top female vocalist at the Academy of Country Music Awards last night. "I've had a lot of good moments in the past… continue reading
Lorenzo Lamas approves of Matt Grant; Mikalah Gordon defends Sean Young's sanity
July 9, 2008 by Andy Dehnart
Lorenzo Lamas has a lot to say about his daughter's experience on The Bachelor 12 and subsequent engagement to Matt Grant. So much that he can fit it into 12 words: "Yeah, you know, they're together, and they love each… continue reading
Date with Constantine Maroulis currently being auctioned for $2,000
June 17, 2008 by Andy Dehnart
He may be a self-declared "fucking artist," but American Idol 4 finalist Constantine Maroulis remains very popular with his fans. (A year or so ago, I literally saw a fan pick up one of his discarded beer bottles and keep… continue reading
Vonzell Solomon detained for having a gun at airport security, home sold in foreclosure
Vonzell Solomon's home sold in foreclosure less than a week after she carried a gun through airport security. A year after her home caught fire and her dog died, American Idol 4 third-place finalist Vonzell Solomon's home was sold in… continue reading
Grand Ole Opry will induct Carrie Underwood
March 17, 2008 by Andy Dehnart
Carrie Underwood will join the "Grand Ole Opry after she was invited Saturday to join the long-running country music show," the AP reports. The offer came from Randy Travis Saturday after she performed at the Grand Ole Opry, and the… continue reading
Carrie Underwood wins two more Grammys while four other Idols are shut out
February 11, 2008 by Andy Dehnart
After winning three Grammys last year, American Idol 4 winner Carrie Underwood won two more at last night's Grammys. Her song "Before He Cheats" won both best country song and best female country vocal performance. It was also nominated for… continue reading
Carrie Underwood needs friends, roommate, security to protect her from fans
December 7, 2007 by Andy Dehnart
Carrie Underwood, the winner of American Idol 4, can go to Target in the middle of the day, but is afraid of returning to her alma mater, and says she has a roommate now because she felt unsafe enough to… continue reading
Six American Idol stars, including three winners, receive Grammy nominations
Seven American Idol alumni received Grammy nominations, including three for each fourth season winner Carrie Underwood and fifth season standout Chris Daughtry's band. The others who received nominations are Fantasia Barrino, Kelly Clarkson, Mandisa Hundley, Jennifer Hudson, and Ace Young…. continue reading
Jessica Sierra used racist, anti-gay slurs after arrest and faces 11 years in prison
After American Idol 4 finalist Jessica Sierra's arrest on Saturday, she used racial and anti-gay slurs; vomited repeatedly, including in a police cruiser; and offered to perform sex acts on the arresting officers. During her drive to jail, Jessica said,… continue reading
Jessica Sierra arrested and charged with intoxication, resisting arrest, violating parole
Jessica Sierra, the American Idol 4 finalist who was arrested in April for cocaine possession, has been arrested again. She "was charged Saturday with disorderly intoxication, resisting arrest and violating conditions of her parole on earlier felony battery and possession… continue reading
Chris Daughtry's band wins three American Music Awards, Carrie Underwood wins two
November 19, 2007 by Andy Dehnart
American Idol 5 finalist Chris Daughtry and his group, Daughtry, won three awards at the American Music Awards Sunday night. Justin Timberlake only won two. Their breakthrough artist award was presented by Carrie Underwood, who won it last year. Daughtry… continue reading
Carrie Underwood wins CMA's female vocalist of the year award again
November 7, 2007 by Andy Dehnart
American Idol 4 winner Carrie Underwood has won the Country Music Association's female vocalist of the year award for the second year in a row. She also won her first single of the year award for "Before He Cheats," although… continue reading

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
How to Ditch the Ladder, Discover Opportunity and Design Your Career
Helen Tupper and Sarah Ellis
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4-12 Little Titchfield Street
London, W1W 7BY
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Develop the skills you need for a meaningful and successful career with the help of Amazing If co-founders and hosts of the smash hit Squiggly Career podcast, Helen Tupper and Sarah Ellis.
The world of work has changed. Our careers don't look like ladders any more, with a salary, security, and clear path for advancement. Moving frequently and fluidly between roles, industries, locations, and even careers is the new normal. These 'squiggly careers' can feel stressful and overwhelming, but if you know how to make the most of them, they can be full of opportunity, freedom and purpose.
In this masterclass, the founders of Amazing If, Helen Tupper and Sarah Ellis, will help you build a meaningful 21st century career. With exclusive advice from Adam Grant, Emma Gannon and other highly successful people, they'll teach you the five skills you need to be happy and successful in your job today.
– Play to your super strengths
– Discover your values
– Overcome your confidence gremlins
– Build better support networks
– Explore your future possibilities
Packed with insights about the changing shape of work, exercises to fuel your growth, and tips and inspiration from highly successful people, this masterclass will help you be happier, and ultimately more successful in your career.
Helen Tupper
Helen Tupper has held leadership roles at Microsoft, Virgin and BP and is now CEO of Amazing If. Her love of learning has led her to study at Henley, Cranfield and Cass Business School. Helen is a trustee for the Working Families charity, a Fellow of The RSA and lives in Buckinghamshire with her husband and two children.
Sarah Ellis
Sarah Ellis has led marketing and corporate responsibility teams for Barclays and Sainsbury's, before becoming Managing Director of a creative agency. She is now Chief Learning Officer at Amazing If. Sarah has studied at Warwick University, London and Harvard Business Schools, and is a qualified Mental Health first aider. Sarah is on the Mayor of London's workspace advisory board and lives in London with her partner and son.
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How to Change the World 2020
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How To Academy's flagship conference brings together the inspirational individuals and organisations forging a better future for our planet. From technology to architecture, social innovation to green energy, you'll meet the men and women making the world of tomorrow.
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Many of the world's problems stem from the false belief that we can accurately predict the future. Can we make better decisions by acknowledging radical uncertainty? Mervyn King and John Kay build a powerful case.
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text:
1 Director Mabborang pushes strong support to halal industry in the region
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To achieve a Halal Compliant region, Engr. Mabborang is eyeing on creating a Halal Team with experts capable to accredit SMEs in the certification of their products.
"I would like the region to contribute to the Halal market", he said.
The regional director also mentioned that the activity will be followed by more initiatives to intensify Halal programs in Region 2, "Maybe we can conduct a National Halal Forum", he said.
"Not only in the food sector but in the line of cosmetics, medicine, and other halal non-food products can benefit from such activities", he added.
Participants pose for a picture with the speakers and DOST RD Mabborang during the Halal Forum
Halal in Muslims means lawful, and halal foods are food items and drinks prepared under strict Muslim dietary laws.
Haram (unlawful) items include birds and beasts of prey like hawks and tigers, food that has been offered to idols, the flesh of animals that are already dead before slaughtering, blood and certain animals like monkeys and rats. The common non-Muslim foods which are prohibited to Muslims include pork, lard, and by-products of pork like ham, bacon, and liquor.
Halal (lawful) animals, like chicken, sheep, cattle, must be slaughtered by Muslims because a short prayer is said when they are being slaughtered. Also, these animals are slaughtered with very sharp knives and in such a way as to affect (1) quick death and (2) thorough drainage of blood. Aquatic animals like fish need not be slaughtered because (1) they die quickly when they leave the water and (2) they do not have much blood as birds and land animals.
Food items with animal gelatin and cakes and fruit punch with liquor added are also not permissible.
Islam teaches people to eat to live and not live to eat. As such, what one eats becomes important. Eating moderately and wisely is related to other undertakings of the life of a Muslim, like performing the daily prayers and fasting in Ramadhan. All these are instructions from God. So, if a Muslim eats haram (unlawful) items purposely, it is just the same as to say that he has no confidence in or respect for God's Advice, he is even defiant. Thus, Muslims obey God's Advice and consume only halal food to remain pure in body and soul as far as possible.
Non-Muslims who invite their Muslim friends to their homes for a party, for instance, should assure them that the food is halal with all sincerity, having completely understood the meaning of halal in all circumstances as explained earlier. However, some Muslims may tend to exhibit reservation and a feeling of uneasiness with the crockery or utensils used, fearing that the food, though halal, could have been cooked in utensils and served on crockery previously to cook and serve non-halal items, though these kitchen items could have been thoroughly washed with soap.
The best way to serve food to Muslims is to buy the food from Muslim stalls or caterers and serve them on disposable paper plates and cups.
The point of contention in the subject of halal food is not the non-Muslim person who cooks the food but the food itself, whether it is halal or not, and the cooking environment and kitchen utensils.
Thus, if a non-Muslim cooks in the kitchen of a Muslim home or in a "Muslim" kitchen of a restaurant, using halal ingredients, the food is halal. As an example, Muslims do eat at Hindu vegetarian restaurants. The food, like tosai, fish curry, and rice, though cooked by Hindus, is free from haram (prohibited) items. Their kitchens and utensils are never used for cooking pork. They also do not use lard in their cooking. Nor do the cooks themselves consume haram items, like liquor and by-products of pork, in the kitchens.
As for a medicine which contains haram ingredients, like alcohol, a Muslim will decide whether that medicine is really necessary for the cure of the sickness or disease he has. If it is, then the medicine becomes obligatory for the Muslim to take (in contrast to facing death, which, in this case, might be synonymous with committing suicide, a sin). The logic is that the patient is not taking the medicine because of the 'haram' ingredient in it, like people consuming alcoholic drinks to enjoy it, but here, he is taking the mixture or tablet/capsule as a medicine in the hope of getting a cure for his ailment.
Unknown source


text:
\section{Introduction}
In detail studies of the phenomenological aspects of jet quenching in RHIC and LHC have provided a better understanding of the dynamical processes involved in parton energy loss in recent years \cite{Baier:1994bd,Baier:1996sk,Zakharov:1996fv,Salgado:2003gb,Spousta:2015fca,Mehtar-Tani:2019ygg}. In fact, understanding the universal scaling features of radiative energy loss enables us to study the medium properties and scattering processes occurring at the partonic level. It has been well established that there is a scaling of the gluon spectra with average transport coefficient in an expanding medium as highlighted in \cite{Salgado:2003gb}. Furthermore, the single gluon brehmsstrahlung has been studied in detail for the case of time- dependent plasmas \cite{Arnold:2009mr}. On the other hand, medium modified gluon spectra have been solved analytically as well as numerically for the case of static plasmas \cite{Mehtar-Tani:2019ygg,Mehtar-Tani:2018zba}. Motivated with these results, we investigate the scaling properties for the re- summed gluon spectra in the expanding media through the kinetic rate equation.
 In this paper, we calculate the splitting rates for the formation of gluons inside expanding media from the single gluon emission spectrum. Next, we study the medium evolved spectra from the kinetic rate equation inside the medium  \cite{Mehtar-Tani:2014yea,Blaizot:2013vha,Blaizot:2013hx} . In order to study the multiple scattering processes within the media, we use the "harmonic oscillator" approximation  \cite{Baier:1994bd}.  We aim to quantify the scaling features with respect to different expansion profiles by evaluating the medium induced gluon spectra. Finally, we study the impact of the scaling features on the suppression factor of the jets for the case of expanding media. In this work, we report the differences in the scaling of the suppression from the average and optimal values of the quenching parameter for the expanding profiles. In a contemporary work \cite{Adhya:2019qse}, we have found that there is no universal way of scaling for the spectra over the full kinematical regime for the expanding profiles.

The paper is organized as follows.  In the next section, we highlight the important steps for the calculation of the gluon splitting rates from the single gluon emission spectra. Next, we numerically solve the kinetic rate equation using the gluon splitting rates derived from the spectra for different media as input kernels. Next, we present the quenching factor $Q_{AA}$ for different types of the media and discuss characteristic features seen in the spectra. Finally, we derive a scaling in the quenching parameter and  emphasize the impact of the medium evolution on the quenching factor.
\section{Formalism}
First, let us briefly review the BDMPS-Z formalism for the medium induced gluon radiation from a static medium. This serves as a starting point for the discussion of the formalism which we will  extend to the case of medium induced gluon radiation for expanding media.

\subsection{In medium gluon spectra}
The transport coefficient for the static medium is  constant in time; $\hat q(t) = \hat q_0 $.
In the multiple soft scattering approximation, the single gluon emission spectrum is given by \cite{Baier:1998yf,Salgado:2002cd, Arnold:2008iy},
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{{\mathrm d} I}{{\mathrm d} z}^{static} = \frac{\alpha_s}{\pi} P(z)\, \mathrm{Re} \ln \cos \Omega_0 L \,, \\
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:omega-static}
\Omega_0 L = \sqrt{\frac{-i}{2}\frac{\hat q_0}{p}}\kappa(z) L = \frac{1-i}{2} \kappa(z) \tau \,,
\end{eqnarray} and $\kappa(z) = \sqrt{[1-z(1-z)]\big/[z (1-z)]}$. $L$ is the length of the medium at which the parton emerges into the vacuum.  In terms of the evolution variable $\tau \equiv L \sqrt{\hat{q_0}/p}$, the splitting rate is given by \cite{Adhya:2019qse},
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{K}(z,\tau)^{static}=\frac{dI}{dzd\tau} = \frac{\alpha_s}{2\pi} P(z) \kappa(z)\, \mathrm{Re} \left[(i-1) \tan \big((1-i)\kappa(z) \tau/2 \big) \right]\,.
\label{staticfullrate}
\end{eqnarray}
We have only included the gluon splitting with the relevant Altarelli- Parisi splitting function.

Next, let us model the rapidly expanding medium as an exponentially evolving medium.
In this case, we can write the dynamically evolving transport coefficient as,
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat q(t) = \hat q_0 {\rm e}^{-t/L}
\end{eqnarray}
Using the above definition, the spectrum is given by \cite{Arnold:2008iy},
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{{\mathrm d} I}{{\mathrm d} z} ^{expo}= \frac{\alpha_s}{\pi} P(z)\, \mathrm{Re} \ln  J_0( 2\Omega_0 L ) \,,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\Omega_0$ is defined in Eq.[\ref{eq:omega-static}]. Using the single gluon spectra, we arrive at the expression for the splitting rate in the exponential medium as \cite{Adhya:2019qse},
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{K}(z,\tau)^{expo} = \frac{\alpha_s}{\pi} P(z) \kappa(z) \,\mathrm{Re} \left[ (i-1) \frac{J_1\big((1-i)\kappa(z) \tau \big)}{J_0\big((1-i)\kappa(z) \tau \big)} \right]
\label{exporate}
\end{eqnarray}
Finally, we consider an uniformly expanding homogeneous quark gluon plasma formed in central nucleus nucleus collisions at time    $t=0$. At the formation time, characterised by $t_0$, the highly energetic parton radiates after leaving a hard collision occurring inside the medium at its highest density \cite{Arnold:2008iy,Salgado:2002cd}. Due to longitudinal expansion, the plasma cools down gradually following a Bjorken expansion power law \cite{Bjorken:1982qr}. This expansion enables to write the time dependent transport coefficient as,
\begin{eqnarray}
\hat q(t) = \hat q_0 (t_0/t)^\alpha
\end{eqnarray}
for $t_0 <t < t_0 +L$.
The power $\alpha$, for an ideal fluid, is chosen to be unity to model a simplistic hydro-dynamically expanding medium assuming no additional transverse expansion. On the other hand, setting $\alpha = 0$ gives us back the static case result characterized by a constant quenching.

Using the above expansion profile for the medium, the gluon emission spectrum  is given by \cite{Arnold:2008iy},
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{{\mathrm d} I}{{\mathrm d} z}^{BJ}&=& \frac{2\alpha_s}{\pi} P(z)\mathrm{Re} \ln\left[ \left(\frac{t_0}{L+t_0} \right)^{1/2} \frac{J_{\nu}(z_0)Y_{\nu-1}(z_L)-Y_{\nu}(z_0) J_{\nu-1}(z_L)}{J_\nu(z_L)Y_{\nu-1}(z_L) - Y_{\nu}(z_L) J_{\nu - 1}(z_L)} \right]\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
with $\nu \equiv 1/(2-\alpha)$ and
\begin{eqnarray}
z_0 &\equiv 2\nu \,\frac{1-i}{2} \kappa(z)\sqrt{\frac{\hat q_0}{p}} t_0 = \nu\, (1-i) \kappa(z) \tau_0 \,, \\
z_L &\equiv 2\nu\, \frac{1-i}{2} \kappa(z)\sqrt{\frac{\hat q_0}{p}} \sqrt{t_0 \,(L+t_0)} = \nu\, (1-i) \kappa(z) \sqrt{\tau_0 (\tau + \tau_0)} \,,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\tau_0 = \sqrt{\hat q_0/p} t_0$. For the concrete case of $\alpha = 1$ (and $\nu = 1$) \cite{Adhya:2019qse},
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{{\mathrm d} I}{{\mathrm d} z}^{BJ} = \frac{2\alpha_s}{\pi} P(z) \mathrm{Re} \ln\left[ \left(\frac{t_0}{L+t_0} \right)^{1/2} \frac{J_1(z_0)Y_0(z_L) - Y_1(z_0) J_0(z_L)}{J_1(z_L)Y_0(z_L) - Y_1(z_L) J_0(z_L)} \right]\,
\end{eqnarray}
Using the above equation, we derive the gluon splitting rate for the Bjorken expanding medium as,
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{K}(z,\tau)^{Bjorken} &=& \frac{\alpha_s}{\pi} P(z) \kappa(z)\sqrt{\frac{\tau_0}{\tau + \tau_0}} \mathrm{Re} \nonumber\\
&&\times\left[ (1-i) \frac{J_1(z_L) Y_1(z_0) - J_1(z_0) Y_1(z_L) }{J_1(z_0) Y_0(z_L) - J_0(z_L) Y_1(z_0)} \right]
\label{bjorkenrate}
\end{eqnarray}

Since we have a constant (independent of time) quenching factor for the static medium, we obtain a constant rate for the same. The exponentially expanding medium has a rate that saturates to a constant at a later timescale. It should be noted that at large timescales, the factor containing the Bessel's arguments approaches unity, thereby saturating the rate to a constant value for the exponential profile. However, for the Bjorken expanding medium, although the factor containing the Bessel's arguments approaches unity at large timescales, the prefactor containing $\tau$ decreases the rate substantially at such timescales. The factor $P(z)\kappa(z)$ is a symmetric function in $z$ and remains common to all the profiles.

The parton cascade is implemented by the iteration of the single gluon emission spectra inside the kinetic rate equation which is given by,
  \begin{eqnarray}
  \label{eq:RateEquation-expanding-2}
  \frac{\partial D(x, \tau)}{\partial \tau} &= \int {\mathrm d} z \,\mathcal{K}(z,\tau | p) \left[\sqrt{\frac{z}{x}} D\left(\frac{x}{z},\tau \right) - \frac{z}{\sqrt{x}} D(x,\tau) \right] \,,

  \end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\mathcal{K}(z,\tau|p) \equiv \sqrt{\frac{p}{\hat q_0}} \mathcal{K}(z,L|p) = \sqrt{\frac{p}{\hat q_0}} \frac{{\mathrm d} I}{{\mathrm d} z {\mathrm d} L} \,.
\end{eqnarray}
  The initial value of the $D(x,\tau)$ is a $\delta$-function in $x$ with a maximum for $x=1$ which characterizes the initial single color charge propagating trough the medium.

\begin{figure}[h]
\begin{center}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{1.0\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{plottau0p1a.pdf}\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{plottau0p1b.pdf}
\caption{ }
\end{subfigure}
\begin{subfigure}[b]{1.0\textwidth}
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{plottau0p5a.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{plottau0p5b.pdf}
\caption{ }
\end{subfigure}
\end{center}
\caption{The medium induced gluon spectra $D(x,\tau)$ as a function of the momentum fraction $x$ (with high $x$ region zoomed for figures on the right for both the panels) for $\tau = 0.1$ (panel (a)) and $\tau = 0.5$ (panel (b)) respectively. The static media has been plotted for soft approximation (black) and full kernel (blue) compared with the analytic soft static result (dashed black). The expanding cases have been plotted for exponential (red) and Bjorken (green) media respectively. }
\label{fig:spectrum-allx}
\end{figure}
In fig. \ref{fig:spectrum-allx}, we present the results for the medium evolved gluon spectra for the three kinds of media. In addition, we plot the analytic case of the "soft" part of the static spectra \cite{Mehtar-Tani:2013pia} and find that they agree with the numerical "soft" spectra.
In this figure, for the evolution of the in- medium gluon cascade over $\tau$ (from 0.1 to 0.5), the $1/\sqrt{x}$ behavior of the spectrum occurs due to depletion of the energy flux at large $x \sim 1$ to small $x$ region of the spectra at different rates for different media. This depletes the original peak around $x \sim 1$ for different profiles at different timescales. In addition, the splitting rate for Bjorken profile is smallest for $x \rightarrow 1$ at any particular $\tau$ leading to slower quenching in comparison to all other profiles.
\subsection{Moments of the distribution and the nuclear modification factor}
\label{sec:moments}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{raa1_1120_1.pdf}%
\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{raa2_1120_1.pdf}
\caption{The comparison of the jet suppression factor of the static media ( with full kernel (blue), soft kernel (black) and analytic soft result (dashed black)) with the expanding media (exponential (orange) and Bjorken (red)). The left and right figures corresponds to medium comparison at $\omega_c=60$~GeV and $\omega_c=100$~GeV respectively compared with the ATLAS data \cite{Aaboud:2018twu}.
 }
\label{fig:raa1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{raa4_1126_1.pdf}
\includegraphics[width=0.49\textwidth]{raa5_1126_1.pdf}
\caption{A similar comparison of the different media profiles as that in fig.(\ref{fig:raa1}) at $\omega_c= 100$ $GeV$ with scaled average ($\hat{q}_{0,scaled}$) (left)  and optimal ($\hat{q}_{0,optimal}$) (right) scaling in the quenching parameter $\hat{q}$.
  }
\label{fig:raa2}
\end{figure}
The inclusive jet suppression in medium can be expressed in the form of convolution of the medium evolved gluon spectra $D(x,\tau)$ with the initial gluon spectra as,
  \begin{eqnarray}
\frac{{\mathrm d} \sigma_{AA}}{{\mathrm d} p_{_T}} = \int {\mathrm d} p_{_T}' \int_0^1 \frac{{\mathrm d} x}{x} \,\delta(p_{_T}- x p_{_T}') D\left(x, \tau \equiv L \sqrt{\hat q / p_{_T}'} \right)
\frac{{\mathrm d} \sigma_0}{{\mathrm d} p_{_T}'} \,.
\end{eqnarray}
 The jet suppression factor $R(p_{_T}) = {\mathrm d} \sigma_{\rm AA}/{\mathrm d} p_{_T} \Big/ {\mathrm d} \sigma_0/{\mathrm d} p_{_T}$, is given by,
\begin{eqnarray}
R(p_{_T}) = \int_0^1 {\mathrm d} x \, x^{N-1} D(x, \sqrt{x} \tau) \,
\end{eqnarray}
where we have assumed a power law approximation of the initial parton spectra given by ${\mathrm d} \sigma_0/{\mathrm d} p_{_T} \propto p_{_T}^{-N}$ with $N=5.6$. In our calculations, we limit to gluons as the only parton species. Therefore, $R$ calculated here can be related to; although not equal to $R_{AA}$ as measured in experiments. In the case of the Bjorken model, the distribution has additionally a dependence on the initial evolution parameter $\tau_0$, $D(x,\tau_0,\tau)$, that is also rescaled by the (unknown) initial $p_{_T}$, hence we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
R(p_{_T}) = \int_0^1 {\mathrm d} x \, x^{N-1} D(x,\sqrt{x} \tau_0, \sqrt{x} \tau) \,.
\end{eqnarray}

Fig.\ref{fig:raa1} shows the resulting $Q_{AA}$ distributions for different types of the expansion for two choices of  $\omega_c$; $60$~GeV and $100$~GeV respectively. Here, $\omega_c (=\hat{q}L^2/2)$ is the characteristic gluon frequency for a hard parton traversing the finite medium of length $L$.
 We observe a large difference for different kinds of media. It was shown in Ref.~\cite{Salgado:2003gb}, that the impact of the difference in the type of the medium expansion on the ${\mathrm d} I/ {\mathrm d} z$ can be
scaled out by replacing the $\hat{q}$ parameter by the average, $\langle \hat q \rangle$. Left panel of Fig.\ref{fig:raa2} shows this configuration ($\omega_c \rightarrow \bar{\omega_c}
= \omega_c/\langle \hat q \rangle$) with scaling of the expanding quenching factors to the static one defined by $\hat{q}_{0,scaled}$ (average scaling) and determined to be approximately $0.2$, $0.1$, and $4$ $GeV^3$ for the static, exponential, and Bjorken type of the expansion,
respectively. We observe that the difference among the different medium profiles arises due to the difference of the dependencies of the single gluon emission emission spectra ${\mathrm d} I/ {\mathrm d} z$ on $\tau$. However, medium evolution of the spectra has considerable effects as a consequence of which the average quenching parameter $\langle \hat q \rangle$ cannot account for
the different types of the expansion. Finally, we are able to derive an optimal quenching parameter, $\hat{q}_{0,optimal}$, which minimizes the difference between the
data and theoretical estimation. The result of this minimization is shown in the right panel of fig.(\ref{fig:raa2}) with $\hat{q}_{0,optimal}$ being approximately $0.2$, $0.05$, and $8$ $GeV^3$ for
static, exponential and Bjorken type of the expansion respectively. This large difference among the quenching parameter implies that the appropriate modeling of the medium
expansion is an important component of the effort to understand the jet quenching mechanism.
\section{Conclusions}
\label{sec:conclusions}
In this work, we have studied the effect of the expanding QGP media on the gluon spectra in multiple soft approximation. We have considered models of the static, exponential and Bjorken expanding media. Rates of gluon emission were evaluated from single gluon spectra and medium evolved spectra were calculated by means of numerical solutions of
the evolution equation for the gluon radiation. Further, medium evolved gluon spectra are  used to calculate the quenching factor of jets. We find that the
impact of the medium expansion cannot be scaled out only by the average quenching parameter of $\hat q$. Values of quenching parameter which minimize the difference between the
data and theoretical estimates are derived for different types of medium expansion.
  Large difference between these values implies that use of realistic parameterization (such as inclusion of flavor dependent cascades) of the medium expansion is needed to improve on the precision of modeling of the
jet quenching phenomenon.

\section*{Acknowledgments}

  KT is supported by a Starting Grant from Trond Mohn Foundation (BFS2018REK01) and the University of Bergen.
  CAS is supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaci\'on of Spain under project FPA2017-83814-P; Unidad de Excelencia Mar\'ia de Maetzu under project MDM-2016-0692;
ERC-2018-ADG-835105 YoctoLHC; and Xunta de Galicia (Conseller\'ia de Educaci\'on) and FEDER.
  SPA and MS are supported by Grant Agency of the Czech Republic under grant 18-12859Y, by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic under grant
LTT~17018, and by Charles University grant UNCE/SCI/013.

\section*{References}

\bibliographystyle{unsrt}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The Forefront of Organic Cotton|ORGANIC COTTON|IKEUCHI ORGANIC Inc.
Regular cotton is grown using more agricultural chemicals that any other crop in the world. For years the global demand for cotton was met through this method; however since the 1970s evidence of the adverse impact these chemicals have on workers and the surrounding environment began to emerge. Meanwhile, with the advance in technology to manipulate genes, the use of genetically engineered seeds has seen a sharp growth worldwide as a means of producing big yields of high quality cotton. In India, a major cotton producer, genetically engineered cotton now accounts for more than 90% of the total. However genetic engineering technology cannot be accepted in the organic world. In order to sustain organic cotton, the procurement of non-GE seeds has emerged as a pressing issue.
Global cotton production for 2011-2012 totaled around 27 million tons. Of that, production of organic cotton was a mere 138 thousand tons, not even 1% of the total. Organic cotton is produced in 18 countries including India, Turkey, China, Tanzania and America. Following is a summary of the state of production during this season.
Record droughts in Texas caused the national organic cotton yield to drop 45% from the previous year.
Organic cotton production is expanding rapidly in Africa. Blessed with plentiful rainfall, Tanzania saw a 153% growth in production from the previous year.
Increase in crop land lead to a 64% increase in production for Turkey.
While small in scale, production in Nicaragua increased 190%.
India saw a large drop in production last year due to an increase in genetically modified seeds, however still remains the world leader in organic cotton production at 74% of the global yield.
Syria has been the second largest producer after India, however political turmoil and ensuing conflict has made production and inspection work impossible, leaving no data for this season.
With the release of the annual report, it is apparent how strongly organic cotton production is influenced by weather conditions and political situations. The towels we make at IKEUCHI ORGANIC are directly linked to this ever changing world. Organic cotton reflects the emotions of people in the surrounding world. We take that organic cotton and constantly endeavor to simply make towels with it. At the rapidly changing forefront of organic cotton, we continue to produce premium towels.
Genetically modified seeds may not be used in organic farming. However there has recently been a rapid global increase in use of genetically modified seeds for many major crops including cotton. To continue growing organic cotton under these circumstances, bioRe India is working with a local agricultural university and Swiss Research Institute for Organic Agriculture (FiBL) to grow native varieties of cotton that are suited to local conditions and maintain seed stock. They also implement a strict management system to ensure that genetically modified seeds do not mix with non-genetically modified seeds. The only way to purchase organic cotton seeds is directly from breeders who can ensure they are not genetically modified. Field tests to check for genetically modified cotton involve compressing cotton leaves and stems, mixing the extracted liquid with a test agent and watching for a reaction on a test strip. These tests are conducted regularly by bioRe staff and if results show the presence of genetically modified seed, the cotton from that field must be sold as regular and not organic cotton even if agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers have not been used.
The bioRe project maintains transparent traceability through the whole manufacturing process ensuring genetically modified seeds are not used for growing organic cotton. After eliminating the possibility of genetically engineered seeds, farmers grow the cotton each year and harvest cotton as well as seeds for the next season's crop. This natural process is repeated every season in the fields, spinning together an organic future.


A gruelling attempt to row over 185 miles along the entire length of the Thames in the fastest time ever is to be made by a world class team from Imperial College, aiming to smash an existing 38.43 hour record by several hours.
Setting off at around 5 am on 20 October the Imperial crew will row throughout the day and night along a precisely organised route from the source of the Thames at Lechlade, Gloucestershire to Southend Pier in Essex. Difficult bends, tides, darkness and 44 locks are just some of the obstacles to be faced by the four-strong crew who hold nine Henley medals between them.
"There will be plenty of pain and suffering as the rowers will have to keep the same position for more than 30 hours. The mental and physical suffering will probably break in at around eight hours," said Bill Mason, Imperial's Boathouse manager.
Imperial College Boat Club is consistently one of Britain's top five rowing clubs, designated a centre of excellence by the Amateur Rowing Association. All four Imperial rowers hold several national and international medals and are members of the Queen's Tower Boat Club, the graduate arm of the Imperial College Boat Club (ICBC).
At least 20 people will form three back up teams with several cars, a bus, mobile 'phones and a safety launch which will be on the water at all times. St John's Ambulance medics, a masseur and physiotherapist will also be continually present for en route treatment. "The crew will do nothing but scull. All their thinking will be done for them by support teams," said Bill.
Funds raised will go towards the Imperial Boathouse Appeal, a £1.6 million project to enlarge and develop the existing Boathouse on the historic Putney Embankment which is supported by Steve Redgrave, CBE and four times Olympic gold medallist.
The event sponsor is Satelcom UK Ltd.
The 41 foot boat being used in the Guiness Book of Records attempt was built by Aylings and has been used throughout the season by the Steve Redgrave four.
The original record was set by five members of the Lower Thames Rowing Club, Gravesend, who completed the journey in 38 hours, 43 minutes, 20 seconds on 8 - 9 May, 1993. The fastest time from Folly Bridge, Oxford, to Westminster Bridge, London (180 km 112 miles) is 14 hours, 25 minutes 15 seconds by an eight from Kingston Rowing Club on 1 February 1986. The fastest time by a single scull from the Roundhouse, Lechlade to Gravesend Pier (283.2 km 176 miles) is 60 hours 23 minutes by Peter Goodchild of Vesta Rowing Club from 15 to 17 December, 1996.
Motors to bail out the boat will be installed to minimise the risk of sinking when the boat reaches open water. The same devices have been used in the Oxford vs Cambridge boat race. Each crew member will change kit around 10 times throughout the row and will carry carbohydrate fluids in the boat. Food will be passed to them when possible at locks. Not all of the locks are easy to reach by road; on some occasions back up teams will have to run across land with torches at night to get to the crew. Boat navigation at night will be aided by Halogen lighting, of the sort used by professional racing cyclists.
Jason Botterill, 24, works at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, London. He lives in Sheen, Loen, London and comes from Camberley, Surrey. Two Henley medals: Temple Cup, 1994, and Thames Cup in 1995. Member of Great Britain under 23 international team.
Tom Gale, 22, full-time athlete. He currently lives in Putney, London and comes from Hexham, Northumberland. Winner Thames Cup Henley 1995. Great Britain under 23 team 1995-97. Three times national champion: 1993,1996-97.
Martin Kettle, 25, sales and warehouse manager of a wine wholesaler in Battersea, London. He lives in Wandsworth, London and comes from Stoke-on-Trent. Commonwealth bronze medal, 1994. Sculler's Head winner, 1997. Amateur Championship for Thames, 1997. Wingfields, 1997. Winner of the Temple in 1992, Visitor's 1994 and Grand 1996 at Henley Regatta.
Guy Pooley, 32, chemistry teacher and housemaster at Eton College. He lives in Eton, Berkshire, and comes from Soulbury, Bedfordshire, near Leighton Buzzard. Winner of Visitor's Challenge Cup, 1985, 1987 and Queen Mother Cup at Henley Regatta in 1993. Member of under 23 Great Britain team 1986 and 1987; World Student Games, 1987 and 1989; and Olympic Games in 1992 and 1996. Member of Cambridge Blue Boat, 1988 - 91. Winner of the Sculler's Head, and Wingfield sculls in 1992.


text:
Q: How do I create a seperate user login management from a single user in linux? I work in a company. My team has 15 members. All of share a single server. This is managed by our IT team. All of us have one login id/pw. We can do sudo operations on it.
Since, people use screen/tmux and everyone logs in via the same credentials, we are unable to track what people are doing. This may lead to people deleting logs, other data by people. When people use screen/tmux, then they may modify .bash_history to soil the crime scene.
We want a solution for the following requirements:

*

*One of us (the leader) will have the access to the user id/pw. The
rest will login via token. So as to stop unwanted sudo access.

*We don't want multiple users on the system, as IT team doesn't want
headache.

*We want a software running (like jumphost) on login via
ssh. Whenever one of us 15 login via the user credentials, it will
ask a teamuserid/teamuserpw. I don't know if this is possible via
identifiable tokens.

*This is more like giving everyone who logs in a
screen instance with seperate sh/bash/zsh logs, etc. that the
leader can check.

*Users should be able to read and write only
specific files and directories.

I understand what we seek is a another user-session-login management system that linux provides. But due to some limitations, we want to run a similar thing inside a user.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Social Impact & Volunteering
CITGO Lemont Refinery Helps Local Marines Bring Christmas Joy to Local Kids
Campaign: CITGO Lemont Refinery
LEMONT, Ill. – Feb. 13, 2017 /3BL Media/ – Employees and contractors at the CITGO Lemont Refinery joined forces this past holiday season with the U.S. Marine Corps Reserve's Toys for Tots drive. Collections bins were placed throughout the refinery and over 600 unwrapped toys were collected for needy children in Will and Grundy Counties.
Since 1948, Marines have held Toys for Tots drives across America with the objective of bringing the joy of Christmas to underprivileged children. Often viewed as a way to unite the community, the area Marine Corps Reserve Unit always serves as the collection point for the toys – taking the lead on distribution. This year, members of TeamCITGO, the employee-driven volunteer program at CITGO, assisted local Marines in Joliet by helping to sort the collected toys and prepare them for delivery to the children who would otherwise not receive a gift during the holidays.
"The Toys for Tots initiative is a natural fit for our refinery because it allows our employees and contractors to band together around the simple act of giving – plus it's another way for CITGO to reach out and contribute to the community," said Jim Cristman, vice president and general manager of the CITGO Lemont Refinery.
For over 90 years, the CITGO Lemont Refinery has been an active member of the Lemont community and its surrounding areas. In addition to the Toys for Tots drive, the CITGO Lemont Refinery hosts other annual drives for the community during the year; for example, a supply drive for local victims of domestic violence in the spring and a food drive for area food pantries each fall. Also, each year, more than 2,500 volunteer hours and thousands of dollars are given in support of other community programs such as Muscular Dystrophy Association, United Way and a variety of environmental and preservation programs.
About the CITGO Lemont Refinery
For over 90 years, CITGO Lemont Refinery has employed more than 750 Chicago area residents on a full-time and contract basis in support of the local economy. In addition to producing high quality fuels for a large portion of the network of nearly 5,500 locally-owned CITGO stations across the country, Lemont Refinery employees also make a major positive impact on the community. Each year, more than 2,500 volunteer hours and thousands of dollars are given in support of community programs such as Muscular Dystrophy Association, United Way and a variety of environmental and preservation programs. Operations at the Lemont Refinery began in 1925 with a major expansion, doubling the facility, in 1933. Over the years, new units were added to meet the demand for a better quality of gas for automobiles, aviation fuel for WWII, and the production of asphalt. Petróleos de Venezuela, PDVSA, acquired 100% ownership of the refinery in 1997 and began operations as CITGO Lemont Refinery. For more information, visit www.citgorefining.com/Lemont.
CITGO, based in Houston, is a refiner, transporter and marketer of transportation fuels, lubricants, petrochemicals and other industrial products. The company is owned by CITGO Holding, Inc., an indirect wholly owned subsidiary of Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A., the national oil company of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. For more information, visit www.CITGO.com.


text:
Talking about talking about history
David Wootton has sent me some responses to the accusations made by some of the reviewers of his book The Invention of Science, including me in Nature and Steven Poole in New Statesman, that he somewhat over-eggs the "science wars"/relativism arguments. Some other reviewers have suggested that these polemical sections of the book are referring to an academic turf war that doesn't need to be awarded so much space here. In her review in the Guardian, Lorraine Daston commented that this material is "unlikely to be of interest to readers who are not historians of science over the age of 50." Well, I plead guilty to the second at least, and so perhaps it isn't surprising that those chapters most certainly were of interest to me. I might not agree with all of David's arguments in the book, but I was very happy to see them. It is a discussion that still needs to happen, not least because "histories of science" like that of Steven Weinberg's To Explain the World are still being put out into the public arena.
For that reason too, I'm delighted to post David's responses here. I don't exactly disagree with anything he says; I think the issues are at least partly a matter of interpretation. For example, in my review I commented that Steven Shapin and Simon Schaffer's influential Leviathan and the Air-Pump (1985) doesn't to my eye offer the kind of "hard relativist" perspective that David seems to find in it. In my original draft of the book review, I also said the same about David's comments on Simon Schaffer's article on prisms:
"I see no reason to believe, for example, that Schaffer really questions Newton's compound theory of white light in his 1989 essay on prisms and the experimentum crucis, but just that he doubts the persuasiveness of Newton's own experimental evidence."
David seemed to say that Simon's comments even implied he had doubts about the modern theory of optics and additive mixing; I can't find grounds for reaching that conclusion. In my conversations with Simon, I have never had the slightest impression that he doesn't regard science as a system of thought that offers a progressively more reliable description of the world. If he thinks it is no truer than witchcraft, he hides it extraordinarily well.
As further evidence of S&S's relativism, David quotes from Leviathan and the Air-Pump, which, he says, maintains that the success of experimental science depended on its proponents' "political success ... in insinuating themselves into the activities of other institutions and other interest groups. He who has the most, and the most powerful, allies wins." When I first read this (in preparing my book Curiosity), it never once occurred to me that S&S meant it as some kind of statement to the effect that we only think Boyle's law is correct because Boyle was more politically astute than his opponents. I took it to mean that Boyle was able to gain rapid acceptance of his ideas because he was politically well situated (central to the Royal Society, for example) and canny with his rhetoric. It seemed to me that the reception of scientific ideas when they first appear surely is, both then and now, conditioned by social factors. It surely is the case that some such ideas, though they might indeed now be revealed as superior to the alternatives, were more quickly taken up at the time not just (or even) because they were more convincing or better supported by evidence but because of the way their advocates were able to corner the market or rewrite the discourse in their favour. Lavoisier's "new chemistry" is the obvious example. Indeed, David recognizes that social aspects of scientific debate in his book, which is one of its many strengths. I certainly don't think Simon would argue that scientific ideas might then stay fixed for hundreds of years simply because their initial proponents gained the upper hand in the cut and thrust of debate.
David says that Steven Shapin does betray an affiliation to extreme relativism, however – and he cites as evidence Shapin's comment in his (unsurprisingly damning) review of the Weinberg book:
"Science remains almost unique in that respect. It's modernity's reality-defining enterprise, a pattern of proper knowledge and of right thinking, in the same way that—though Mr. Weinberg will hate the allusion—Christian religion once defined what the world was like and what proper knowledge should be."
This is a complicated claim, and I would like to know more about what Shapin meant by it. Perhaps I will ask him. I can see why David might interpret it as a statement to the effect that the scientific theory of the origin of the universe is no more "true" than the account given in Genesis. And I think he is right to point out that Shapin should be alert to the possibility of that interpretation. But I think one can also interpret the remark as saying that we should be as wary of scientism – the idea that the only knowledge that counts as proper knowledge is scientific – as we should be of the doctrinaire Christianity that once pervaded Western thought, which was once the jury before which all ideas were to be scrutinized. Christian theology was certainly regarded at times as a superior arbiter to pre-scientific rationalism in efforts to understand the universe – for example in the 1277 Condemnation that pitched Aristotelian natural history against the Church). But just as Christianity was finally compelled to stay within the proper limits of its authority (in most parts of the civilized Christian world, if not perhaps Kansas), so should we make sure that science does so: it is the best method we have for understanding the physical world, but not the yardstick for all "proper knowledge". I hope this is what Shapin means, but I confess that I cannot be sure.
The real problem here – and it is one that David rightly complains about – is not so much excessive relativism in the academic study of the history of science, but what he calls a conspiracy of silence within that discipline. It seems to have become taboo to say that scientific knowledge goes through a reliability filter that makes it rather dependable, predictive and amenable to improvement – even if you believe that to be the case. As a historian of science, David must be regularly faced with disapproving frowns and tuts if he wishes to express value judgements about scientific ideas, because this seems to have become bad form and now to be rather rigidly policed in some quarters.
I have experienced this myself, when a publisher's reviewer of my book Invisible evidently felt it his/her duty to scour it for the slightest taint of presentism – and, when he/she decided it had been detected, to reel out what was obviously a pre-prepared little spiel to that effect. For example, I was sternly told that
"Hooke and Leeuwenhoek did not "in fact" see "single-celled organisms called protozoa". They also did not drive modern cars, neither did they long for a new iphone."
This is of course just silly (not to say rather incoherent) academic Gotcha-style point-scoring. What I wrote was "It was Leeuwenhoek's discoveries of invisibly small 'animals' – he was in fact seeing large bacteria and single-celled organisms called protozoa – in 1676…" Outrageous, huh?
Then I got some nonsense about "Great Men" histories because I had the temerity to mention that Pasteur and Koch did some important work on germ theory. The reviewer's terror of making what his/her colleagues would regard as a disciplinary faux pas seems to be preventing him/her from being able to actually tell any history.
The situation in that case became clear enough when the reviewer finally complained that it was hard to judge my argument because what he/she needed was "a clear statement of the author's intent and theoretical position" – followed by "rewriting the whole text in such a way that the author clearly articulates his chosen positions throughout." To which I'm afraid I replied: "What is my "theoretical position"? It's in the text, not in some badge that I choose to display at the outset. The persistent misreading of the text to force it into one camp or another [and the cognitive dissonance evident when it doesn't quite fit] seems to highlight a pretty serious problem with the academic approach, for all that I benefit from it shamelessly."
So perhaps David will understand (I suspect he does already) that I have considerable sympathy with his predicament. I just wonder if his frustration (like mine) leaked out a little too much. I don't know if he is right to say that "The [Oxford] faculty, as a group of professional historians, feels it must ward off anyone interested in studying science as a project that succeeds and makes progress, and at the same time encourage anyone who wants to study science as a purely social enterprise" – and if he is, that doesn't seem terribly healthy. But the job advert he quotes doesn't seem to me to deny the possibility of progress, but simply to point out that the primary job of the historian is not to sift the past for nuggets of the present.
Which of course brings me to Weinberg. He apparently wants to reshape the history of science, although his response to critics in the NYRB makes me more sympathetic to the sincerity, if not to the value, of his programme. I wonder if we might get a little clearer about the issues here by considering how one might wish to, say, write about medieval and early modern witchcraft. I wonder if what David sees as an unconscionable silence from historians on the veracity and validity of witchcraft is more a matter of historians thinking that, in the 21st century, one should not feel obliged to begin a paper or a book with a statement along the lines of
"I must point out that witchcraft is not a very effective way to understand the world, and if you wish to make a flying device, you will be far better advised to use the modern theory of fluid mechanics."
On the other hand, if said author were to be quizzed along the lines of "But does witchcraft make broomsticks fly?", it would be intellectually feeble, indeed derelict, to respond "That's not the issue I am addressing, and I do not propose to comment on it." David implies that this happens; I suspect he is right, though I do not know how often. There doesn't seem to be anything sacrificed by saying instead something like: "Of course, witchcraft will not summon demons and make people fly. Now let me get on with talking about it."
The Weinberg position, on the other hand, seems to be along the lines of "By all means study witchcraft as history, if you like, but as far as science is concerned we should make it absolutely clear that it was just superstitious nonsense that got in the way of true progress." To which, of course, the historian might want to say "But Robert Boyle believed that demons exist and could be summoned!" The Weinbergian (I don't want to put words into his own mouth) might respond, "Well Boyle wasn't perfect and he believed some pretty daft things – like alchemical transmutation."
And at that point I say "You really don't give a toss what Robert Boyle thought, do you? You just want to mark his homework." But I do give a toss, and not just because Boyle was an interesting thinker, or because I don't have any illusion that we are smarter today than people were in the seventeenth century. I want to take seriously what Boyle thought and why, because it is a part of how ideas have developed, and because I don't believe the history of science was a process of gradually shaking off delusions and misapprehensions and refining our rationality. It is much messier than that, now and always. If your starting position in assessing Boyle's belief in demons and alchemy is that he was sometimes a bit gullible and deluded, then you are simply not going to get much of a grasp of what or how he thought. (Boyle was somewhat gullible when it came to alchemical charlatans, but his belief in transmutation wasn't a part of that credulity.)
My own position is more along the lines of "It's interesting that people once believed in witchcraft. I wonder what sustained that belief, and how it interacted with emerging ideas about science?" I am not being disingenuous if I say that I am inevitably a naïve reader of Shapin, Schaffer, Daston, Fara, and indeed David Wootton. But I find this same spirit in all of their books, and that's what I appreciate in them.
Comments from David Wootton
A number of the reviews of The Invention of Science have expressed puzzlement that my book opens and closes with extensive historiographical, methodological, and philosophical discussions. Why not just leave all that stuff out? The charge is that I am refighting the Science Wars of the 1990s when everyone else has moved on. I under- stand why people would think this, but, with respect, I think they are wrong. Let's break down the issues as follows:
1) Are relativists still confident that they speak for the history of science profession? Yes they are. See for example Steven Shapin's breathtaking review of Steven Weinberg in the Wall Street Journal, where Shapin actually presents belief in science as being strictly comparable to belief in Christianity (http://goo.gl/qULelt) [1]. Or see Shapin's and Schaffer's introduction to the anniversary edition of Leviathan and the Air Pump (2011). Or see Peter Dear's "Historiography of Not-So-Recent Science", History of Science 50 (2012), 197-211 ("we are all post- modernists now").
2) Are students still taught from relativist textbooks? Yes they are. The key text- books are Shapin's Scientific Revolution (1996; now translated into seventeen languages); Peter Dear's Revolutionizing the Sciences (2001, revised in 2009); John Henry's The Scientific Revolution (1997, with later revisions). This may change – there is Principe's Very Short Introduction (2011), for example – but it hasn't changed yet.
3) Has the profession moved on? Rather than moving on, it has decided to pretend the Science Wars never happened, and as a consequence it is stuck in a rut, incapable of generating a new account of what was happening in science in the early modern period. To quote Lorraine Daston's 2009 essay on the present state of the discipline (http://goo.gl/rMEAiy), what historians have produced is "a swarm of microhistories ... archivally based and narrated in exquisite detail." These microhistories, as she herself acknowledges, do not enable one to put together a bigger picture. The resulting confusion is embodied, for example, in David Knight's Voyaging in Strange Seas: the Great Revolution in Science (Yale, 2014).
4) Are the relativists more moderate than I maintain? Philip Ball thinks I and the authors of Leviathan and the Air Pump have more in common than I imagine. I doubt Shapin and Schaffer will think so, and I suggest Philip rereads p. 342 of that book, which maintains that the success of experimental science depended on its proponents' "political success ... in insinuating themselves into the activities of other institutions and other interest groups. He who has the most, and the most powerful, allies wins." In this sort of story the evidence counts for nothing – indeed, the strong programme insists that the evidence must count for nothing (and note the introduction of the strong programme's key principle of symmetry on p. 5)[2].
5) Can you separate methodology and historiography from substantive history? It's very difficult to do so, because your methodology and the previous history of your discipline shape the questions you ask and the answers you give. Thus relat- ivist historiography has privileged controversy studies (http://goo.gl/uVfxFF), and simply ignored cases where new scientific claims have been accepted without dispute. Indeed if the Duhem-Quine thesis were right there are always grounds for dispute when new evidence is presented. I don't see how one can discuss the collapse of Ptolemaic astronomy in the years immediately after 1610 without acknowledging that this is an event which has been invisible to previous historians because they have been unwilling to acknowledge that an empirical fact (the phases of Venus) could be decisive in determining the fate of a well- established theory — in a case like this it is not the evidence that is new, but the questions that are being asked of it, and these are inseparable from issues of methodology and historiography [3].
6) The Economist thinks I have a disagreement with a few "callow" relativists. Odd that these insignificant people hold chairs in Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, Edinburgh, Cornell. But there is a much bigger point here: a fundamental claim made by my opponents is that historians are committed, in principle, to treating bad and good knowledge identically. The historical profession tends to agree with them (see for example Gordon Wood's NYRB essay on medicine in the American Revolution, http://goo.gl/ZoFuMu: "The problem is most historians are relativists").
The consequences are apparent in the Cambridge History of Science, vol. 3, ed. Park and Daston (2006), which contains a twenty page chapter on "Coffee Houses and Print Shops" (as part of a two hundred page section on "Personae- and Sites of Natural Knowledge") and others equally long on "Astrology" and "Magic" (Astrology gets twenty pages while Astronomy gets thirty), but, despite being 850 pages long, contains no extended discussion of Digges, Stevin, Gilbert, or Pascal, nothing on magnets, and only two pages on vacuum experiments [4].
It is also apparent in Oxford University's recent (April 2015) advertisement for its Chair in the History of Science which stated: "The professor will share the faculty's vision of the scope of the history of science, which is less focused on the history of scientific truth and more interested in reconstructing the practices of science, and the claims to science-based authority within given societies at given times" [5]. The Oxford Faculty of History does not declare its vision of the scope of the discipline when advertising its chair in, say, military history. But the history of science is different. The faculty, as a group of professional historians, feels it must ward off anyone interested in studying science as a project that succeeds and makes progress, and at the same time encourage anyone who wants to study science as a purely social enterprise. What interests them is not scientific knowledge but the authority claimed by "scientists" — be they alchemists or phrenologists. What's at stake here is not just the history of science, but also the claim, made over and over again by historians, that the past must be studied solely in its own terms — an approach which may lead to understanding, but cannot lead to explanation. So historians of witchcraft report encounters with devils as if the devils were real — and never ask what's really going on.
7) What is science? I was dismayed to discover that students in my own university were being taught (by someone with a new PhD in history of science from a prestigious institution) that there was no such thing as science in the seventeenth century. But this, after all, is what Henry's textbook says, and Dear in his 2012 review essay confidently asserts: "specialist historians seem increasingly agreed that science as we now know it is an endeavour born of the nineteenth century." On her university website one distinguished historian of science is described thus: "Paula Findlen teaches history of science before it was 'science' (which is, after all, a nineteenth-century word)." (http://web.stanford.edu/ dept/HPS/findlen.html, accessed 7 Dec 2015). How have we got to the point where it appears to make sense to claim that "science" is a nineteenth-century word? Because Newton, we are told, was not a scientist (which indeed is a nineteenth-century word) but a philosopher. Even if one charitably rephrases Findlen's statement (or the statement made on her behalf) to read "'science' as we currently use the term is a nineteenth-century concept" it would be wrong unless, by a circular argument, one insists that earlier usages of the word can't possibly have meant by science what we mean by science. The whole point of my book is to show that by the end of the seventeenth century "science" (as Dryden called it) really was science as we understand the term. To unpick the miscon- ception that there was no science in the seventeenth century you have to look at the history of words like "science" and "scientist" (noting, for example, the founding of the French Académie des Sciences in 1666), but also at an historiographical tradition which has insisted that what we think of as science is just a temporary and arbitrary social practice, like metaphysical poetry or Methodism, not an enduring and self-sustaining body of reliable knowledge.
8) What would have happened if I had left out the methodological and historiographical debates? I tried the alternative approach, of writing in layperson's terms for commonsensical people, first. Just look at how my book Bad Medicine was treated by Steven Shapin, in the pages of the London Review of Books: http:/ /goo.gl/aA67fr! The book was a success in that lots of people read it and liked it, many of them doctors (see www.badmedicine.co.uk); but historians of medicine brushed it off. So this time I have felt obliged to address the core arguments which supposedly justify ignoring progress — the arguments that have bamboozled the profession for the last fifty years — in the hope of being taken a little more seriously, not by sensible people (who can't understand why I don't just cut to the chase), but by the professionals who think that the history of science is like cardiac surgery — not something "the laity" (Shapin's peculiar term) can possible participate in, understand, or criticise, but something for the professionals alone. In trying to address this new clerisy I have evidently tried the patience of some of my more sensible, level-headed readers. That's unfortunate and a matter of considerable regret: but if the way in which history of science is taught in the universities is to change, someone must take on the experts on their own ground, and someone must question the notion that the history of science ought not to concern itself with (amongst much else) the history of scientific truth. By all means skip the beginning and concluding chapters if you have no interest in how the history of science (and history more generally) is taught; but please read them carefully if you do.
[1] There is a paywall: to surmount it google "Why Scientists Shouldn't Write History" and click on the first link. For a discussion see http://goo.gl/VYNVhX. I am grateful to Philip Ball for acknowledging that my book is very different in character from Weinberg's, which saves me from having to stress the point.
[2] Patricia Fara thinks that social constructivism is "the idea that what people believe to be true is affected by their cultural context." If that were the case then we would all be social constructivists and I really would be arguing with a straw person. But of course it isn't, as I show over and over again in my book. It is, rather, the claim (made by her Cambridge colleague Andrew Cunningham) that science is "a human activity, wholly a human activity, and nothing but a human activity" — in other words that it is socially constituted, not merely socially influenced (the model for such an argument being, of course, Durkheim on religion). The consequence of this, constructivists rightly hold, is epistemological egalitarianism — any particular belief is to be regarded as being just as good as any other.
[3] Take for example William Donahue's discussion of Galileo and the phases of Venus in Park and Daston, 585: "He argued... that this phenomenon was inconsistent with the Ptolemaic arrangement of the planets..." Galileo and his contemporaries understood perfectly well that Galileo had proved the Ptolemaic arrangements of the planets could not be right — the whole impact of Galileo's discovery is lost by reducing it to a mere argument. Indeed Donahue does not acknowledge that it had any impact while I show the impact is measurable by counting editions of Sacrobosco.
[4] A colleague of mine unkindly calls this the Polo history: Polo Mints, to quote Wikipedia, "are a brand of mints whose defining feature is the hole in the middle."
[5] The text is no longer on the Oxford University website, but can still be found, for example, at http://goo.gl/KOY05f (accessed 7 Dec 2015).
Lovely piece, Phil
I do not have the honour of being the reviewer of Wootton's book at The Economist, but I can say that in his response he misreads that glowing review. Wootton writes: "The Economist thinks I have a disagreement with a few 'callow' relativists. Odd that these insignificant people hold chairs in Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, Edinburgh, Cornell." The review, however, makes clear that Wootton has disagreements with a great many far-from-insignificant people -- "every notable historian of science to have written in the past half-century" -- a number of whom he paints as callow relativists: "He is particularly exercised by what he portrays as historians' dogmatic insistence on a kind of callow relativism". That which Wootton archly points to as an inconsistency is simply a rejection of his characterisation of those he attacks.
mikep said...
The problem with Shapin and Scheffer is that they move between the entirely unexceptional statements as you read them and the strong programme of social constructivism which does imply that Boyle's Law is not a fact true whether or not humans exist. The big question is whether the fact that Boyle's Law is true is a reason why it was accepted.
Online casino said...
Thank you, it's important to know history!
Can science be made to work better?


text:
Rio Reiser
A revolutionary artist and a huge influence in his native Germany, singer/songwriter Rio Reiser was born Ralph Möbius in Berlin and spent most of his childhood traveling thanks to his father's job. As he would say in later interviews, music was an effort to create something like a permanent home. He taught himself guitar, piano, and cello and during his teen years gave himself the stage name Rio Reiser as a reference to Karl Philipp Moritz's mammoth autobiographical work Anton Reiser. After he spent some time with the pop group the Beat Kings, he formed an avant-garde theater group with his brother in Berlin. One bizarre opera later, the theater group dissolved, but Reiser had already moved on and joined the rock group Ton Steine Scherben, who released their self-titled debut in 1970. They built a cult following by writing aggressive anthems that spoke to Germany's leftist youth. After numerous albums and tours, Ton Steine Scherben broke up in 1985, leaving Reiser to launch a solo career. His debut solo album, Rio 1, arrived in 1986. Through the years he would work with more new wave-oriented producers like Gareth Jones and Annette Humpe, and while his lyrics and politics remained radical, his popularity grew. A 1990 move from Germany's Green Party to the Communist Party of Democratic Socialism made news and had more conservative radio stations refusing to play his music. On August 20, 1996, Reiser passed away at his home in Fresenhagen after hepatitis C and internal bleeding led to a cardiovascular collapse. A tribute concert in Berlin featured Einstürzende Neubauten, Marianne Rosenberg, Herbert Grönemeyer, and many others. In 2006 the European music and entertainment trade show Popkomm honored his memory by creating the Rio Reiser Song Prize for excellence in songwriting.
© David Jeffries /TiVo Read more
© David Jeffries /TiVo
Klaus Lage
Kunze, Heinz Rudolf
Marianne Rosenberg
Hannes Wader
Jan Plewka
Funny van Dannen
Gerhard Gundermann
Heinz Rudolf Kunze
Herbert Grönemeyer
Annette Humpe
Gundermann
Marius Müller's Funhouse
9 album(s) • Sorted by Bestseller
Zwischen Null und Zero
Pop/Rock - Released by Sony Music Media on 1 Sep 2003
Pop/Rock - Released by Columbia on 1 Jan 1987
Über Alles
Pop/Rock - Released by Columbia on 16 Aug 1993
DURCH DIE WAND
Pop/Rock - Released by Columbia on 10 Jul 1991
Pop - Released by Columbia on 24 Mar 1995
Rio I.
König von Deutschland - Das Beste von Rio Reiser
Pop/Rock - Released by Columbia on 15 Apr 1994
Junimond - Die Balladen
Pop/Rock - Released by Sony Music Catalog on 22 Nov 1999
Pop/Rock - Released by Columbia on 5 Jul 1996
Sony Music Catalog
Sony Music Media


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Cole Hamels Traded to Texas
It was revealed through numerous sources last night that the Phillies and Texas Rangers have agreed to a trade sending lefty ace Cole Hamels and lefty reliever Jake Diekman from Philly to Texas.
In exchange, the Phils will receive lefty Matt Harrison and a quintet of prospects: catcher Jorge Alfaro, outfielder Nick Williams, and pitchers Jake Thompson, Alec Asher, and Jerad Eickhoff.
It marks the 2nd straight day that the Phillies completed a major trade involving a heavily rumored pitcher, following Tuesday's swap of closer Jonathan Papelbon to the Washington Nationals.
Nobody was more tuned in to this developing deal over the last couple of days than Jim Salisbury. The Comcast SportsNet insider has taken to Twitter a handful of times since the lefty finished off his historic final-start no-hitter on Saturday with revealing information, and he was first on the story yesterday.
For the franchise, another chapter closes in the book which I frequently have come to refer to as the "Glory Era", covering that period of consistently winning Phillies baseball from 2001-2012 which included just a single losing season, and that one at just 80-81 in 2002.
Hamels was the Phillies 1st round selection at the 17th overall pick in the 2002 MLB Amateur Draft out of Rancho Bernardino High School in his native San Diego, California.
In a minor league career that lasted just 39 starts over parts of 4 seasons, Hamels went 14-4, allowing just 117 hits in 201 innings with a strong 276/74 K:BB ratio.
He was first called to the big leagues in May of 2006, making his first start at Great America Ball Park in Cincinnati.
While he did not gain the official Win on that night, he was strong. Over five innings, Hamels allowed just one hit while striking out seven Reds. He did show some first-start jitters, however, walking five batters.
In the starting lineup that day were a half-dozen players with whom Hamels would forge a strong bond, and with whom he would win a ton of baseball games over the ensuing years: Jimmy Rollins, Chase Utley, Pat Burrell, Ryan Howard, Shane Victorino, and Carlos Ruiz.
He gained his first official big league Win on June 6th of 2006 at Chase Field in Arizona, as the Phillies drubbed the DBacks 10-1. Hamels went 5.2 innings that evening, allowing just three hits. Overall he would go 9-8 across 23 starts as a rookie, allowing 117 hits over 132.1 innings with a 145/48 K:BB ratio.
That exciting freshman performance was the beginning of his career, and brought him into the tremendous nucleus that the club was forming.
That nucleus would win the next five consecutive National League East crowns, would win back-to-back NL Pennants in 2008 and 2009, and would most importantly win the 2008 World Series.
In that 2008 World Series run, Hamels was named the Most Valuable Player of both the National League Championship Series and the World Series.
He went 4-0 in that postseason, possibly missing out on a record-tying 5th victory only due to the rain deluge that turned Game 6 of the World Series into a historic four-day long epic saga clincher.
Overall in parts of 10 seasons with the Phillies, Hamels accumulated a 114-90 record with a 3.30 ERA and 1.145 WHIP across 295 games, 294 of those as a member of the starting rotation. In his 1930 innings pitched, Hamels allowed 1717 hits with an 1844/492 K:BB ratio.
In 2011, the final winning season of that "Glory Year" period, Hamels was part of the "Four Aces" rotation along with Roy Halladay, Cliff Lee, and Roy Oswalt. The group was largely responsible for a record-setting 102 regular season Phillies victories.
As his slightly older "Glory Era" teammates aged around him, some were traded off and found success elsewhere, such as Victorino, who won a World Series with Boston, Burrell, who won a World Series with San Francisco, and Jayson Werth, who remains with a contender in Washington.
Most of the others either have retired, such as Halladay, Oswalt, Jamie Moyer, and Brett Myers, or are dealing with the twilight of their careers with declining results or injuries, including Lee and the only three remaining 2008 champions: Howard, Utley, and Ruiz.
In Texas, Hamels joins a team that is just four games out of the 2nd AL Wildcard playoff position, but that would have to jump over a half-dozen other teams to ultimately earn that postseason spot. They trail the first place Houston Astros by eight games in the AL West race.
It is rumored that the Astros were the other finalist for Hamels services, and the Phillies brain trust may have actually preferred the package of prospects that Houston was offering.
However, Houston was also not on Hamels list of nine teams to whom he would accept a trade per his contract, and it is rumored that he turned down a request to go to the Astros.
If the Rangers don't make a run to the postseason this year, they still have what they wanted in Hamels.
Outside of Coors Field in Colorado, Texas is probably the 2nd best hitters park in Major League Baseball. It is extremely hard to lure a big name free agent to the club. Hamels was willing to accept a trade there, and is now under team control for the next 3-4 seasons as well at a fair market value.
Texas has righty ace Yu Darvish currently on the disabled list after he underwent Tommy John surgery back in the spring. The supremely talented Darvish should return sometime around next May or June, giving the Rangers a strong 1-2, lefty-righty combo atop their rotation for the next few years.
This is an emotional moment for Phillies fans, the 2nd one that we have had to deal with in recent months, following the winter trade of iconic shortstop and franchise all-time Hits leader Rollins to Los Angeles. There will be more to come in the months ahead as Howard, Ruiz, and Utley also leave, one way or another.
On Sunday, September 7th of last season, with none of us having any clue that it was taking place, Hamels took the mound in what history reveals was a goodbye of sorts to that "Glory Era" club.
In a 3-2 loss at Nationals Park in Washington, D.C. on that Sunday afternoon, Hamels went 6.1 innings and took the loss. Rollins and Ruiz were in the starting lineup with him. Howard and Utley would make pinch-hitting appearances.
It would be the final time that what has to be considered as the "Core Five" of that club would appear in a game together in a Phillies uniform. As a side note, Werth was in the Nats lineup that day.
Hamels not only has been a tremendous performer on the field, but through his and wife Heidi's charitable efforts with 'The Hamels Foundation', he has been a contributing member of the local and broader community, and a positive example for young fans and other players to emulate.
It's an emotional time for me personally, as it is for most of you reading this piece. I clearly remember the day that Hamels was being called up to make his first career start. It frankly doesn't seem that long ago, and yet it has now been over nine years since that May day in 2006.
He and the group of players that came through the system with him, and those who came to the team during those late-00's seasons, provided so much entertainment, so many joyful memories, so much great baseball to a town that was starved for that kind of sustained performance from our Fightin' Phils.
No doubt, we will have opportunities to cheer them again. Not only in person when some actually return during their playing careers as opponents, but also in future reunions of the great 2008 championship team, and the memorable 2011 record-setting team as well.
I look forward to each of those opportunities to thank and pay tribute to performers who gave us all so many wonderful moments and memories.
Twice in my lifetime, I have been blessed to enjoy such a sustained run by Phillies teams. The other time being as a teen and young man during the mid-70's through early-80's period which also yielded a World Series victory.
I feel blessed to have enjoyed both runs fully. I think we all hope to enjoy another at some point in the not-too-distant future.
This trade has been rumored, discussed, and anticipated for months. No doubt it will be dissected numerous times in the coming days, months, and years. But it is done, and the franchise continues to look towards the future more and more.
Posted by Matthew Veasey at 9:35 AM
Labels: Alec Asher, Cole Hamels, Jake Thompson, Jerad Eickhoff, Jorge Alfaro, Matt Harrison, MLB Trade Deadline, Nick Williams, Philadelphia Phillies
Jonathan Papelgon to D.C.? Now That's Natitude!
MLB Trade Deadline: Who Needs Ryan Howard?
MLB Trade Deadline: Who Needs Ben Revere?
Cole Hamels No-Hit Heaven
MLB Trade Deadline: Who Needs Jonathan Papelbon?
MLB Trade Deadline: Who Needs Cole Hamels?
MLB Trade Deadline: Who Needs Jeff Francoeur?
MLB Trade Deadline Hullabaloo
Aaron Nola Lives Up, Phils Offense Down, to Reputa...
Ben Revere Becoming an Attractive Trade Piece
Aaron Nola to Make His Phillies Debut
Philadelphia's First MLB All-Star Game
Cole Hamels Takes Mound as Trade Deadline Looms


Bill Stern is an improviser currently living and performing in Chicago, whose comedy roots are based in Austin.
In this interview with the charismatic Stern we covered a vast number of topics from Bill's history to the harold. Bill has us do an exercise on air that blew our minds out of our butts.
Then to end this episode we attempt to play a guessing game where Bill has to pick out a fake band name from a list of other real band names…but it doesn't exactly go as planned.


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Dear Patriots:
WE, THE PEOPLE , are called to ACTION to declare our independence from tyranny and to preserve the Constitution of the United States of America.
Operation Paul Revere is our Plan for Action. When you read this newsletter, get your Gadsden flag post cards ready and send them out. Americans, if not now when?.
SEND POSTCARDS to your legislators and Daryl Issa: Impeach Eric Holder
Send Postcards to Congress: Jobs needed not Politics<?xml:namespace prefix = o />
STATE DEPT. WILL REJECT KEYSTONE PIPELINE REROUTE (CHINA )
The State Department will announce the decision on Keystone XL pipeline is "no," as early as Wednesday, an industry source told Fox News, suggesting that the department will say 60 days is inadequate time to do the required environmental impact assessment on the path of the coveted pipeline.
While the State Department for three years has been reviewing the initial proposal to run a pipeline from Canada down to Texas through a sensitive Nebraska aquifer, it retreated early from indications it would approve the plan after environmentalists complained.
Industry workers and Republicans contend the project would create thousands of jobs, and Canada's prime minister has warned if the U.S. can't get on board, the North American nation will look to team with China.
In December, Congress attached to the payroll tax cut a deadline of 60 days for the State Department to determine approval for an alternative route. Read More:
http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/01/18/industry-source-state-department-will-reject-keystone-pipeline-reroute/
Congress rejects Debt Ceiling Raise
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"U. S. House To Stop Federal Takeover of Public Schools" by Donna Garner 1.17.12
I can hardly contain my excitement! Finally Congress has listened to us grassroots citizens who have been agonizing for more than two years about the Obama administration's takeover of the public schools through Common Core Standards and Race to the Top.
On 12.28.11, I wrote an article entitled " Feds To Be Able To Track Your School Children's Personal Information" ( http://educationviews.org/2011/12/28/feds-to-be-able-to-track-your-school-childrens-personal-information/ ) in which I stated:
The Obama administration's federal takeover of the public schools is finally beginning to resonate across this country. The New York Post article dated 12.27.11 and entitled "How the Feds Are Tracking Your Kid" (posted at the bottom of this page) should make every parent in America furious. "As of Jan. 3, 2012, interstate and intergovernmental access to your child's personal information will be practically unlimited. The federal government will have a de facto nationwide database of supposedly confidential student information."
The national database is a part of the Common Core Standards (and Race to the Top). The Common Core Standards initiative includes national standards, national assessments, national curriculum, teachers' salaries tied to students' test scores, teachers teaching to the test each and every day, national indoctrination of public school children, and a national database of intrusive information on all public school students and teachers.
Today, 1.17.12, the House Education and Workforce Committee, chaired by U. S. Congressman John Kline, announced their intent to pass two new draft proposals that will streamline federal bureaucracy and reduce the federal footprint in K-12 education.
These two pieces of legislation are called "The Student Success Act" and the "Encouraging Innovation and Effective Teachers Act." (To read these two draft proposals and the five-part document, please click on the links further on down this page.)
To learn more about the Obama administration's takeover of the public schools, please read "Let's Get Off the National Standards Train" published on 2.24.11 by Henry W. Burke and Donna Garner -- http://alicelinahan.net/2011/05/11/lets-get-off-the-national-standards-train-2/
E-mailed today, 1.17.12, by Congressman John Kline, Chair of the House Education and Workforce Committee:
http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274738
Part 4: Ten Years Later, A Better Way Forward for K-12 Schools
Ending the Education Secretary's Overreach
Late last year, the U.S. Secretary of Education took unprecedented action and announced a plan that would allow the administration to unilaterally dictate federal education policy without Congressional input.
Secretary Arne Duncan's plan to grant waivers for certain requirements under No Child Left Behind in exchange for states adopting the administration's preferred education agenda has been called "the most sweeping use of executive authority to rewrite federal education law since Washington expanded its involvement in education in the 1960s" by the New York Times.
In the Washington Post, George Will likened the plan to "coercive federalism":
George W. Bush's No Child Left Behind (NCLB) legislation was the eighth reauthorization of the [Elementary and Secondary Education Act]. It is due for a ninth, but the Obama administration considers the Republican-controlled House of Representatives icky and the separation of powers tiresome, so it is dispensing with legislation in favor of coercion — what has been called "coercive federalism."
Already, this conditional waivers plan has generated great uncertainty for state and local education officials. States that opt in to the plan will be forced to dedicate time and limited resources to implement a host of new federal regulations. However, the requirements could be easily changed by Congress, Secretary Duncan, or the next administration, potentially rendering a state's investment in changing its education system meaningless.
Montana's State Superintendent of Public Instruction Denise Juneau told Education Week the secretary's waiver proposal fails to fix "the biggest broken pieces of No Child Left Behind," adding, "Taking on additional requirements to get a waiver that isn't really a waiver doesn't seem smart."
Making matters worse, the secretary's waiver plan – similar to his ill-fated Race to the Top program – pressures states to adopt common academic standards and tests in reading and math, creating de facto national standards and national tests. This one-size-fits-all approach usurps the power of local superintendents, school boards, and parents who know more about what kids need to learn than bureaucrats in Washington.
House Education and the Workforce Committee Chairman John Kline (R-MN) has said the secretary's actions are "a temporary band-aid on a problem that must be resolved through legislation – not executive fiat."
House Education and the Workforce Committee Republicans are determined to fix current education law the right way – with smart legislative policies that will have a lasting impact. Toward that effort, Republicans recently released two pieces of draft legislation to overhaul No Child Left Behind. In addition to provisions that support state-developed accountability systems and a smaller federal footprint in education, the legislation includes four provisions that rein in the authority of the Secretary of Education and preserve state and local control. The legislation:
1. Prohibits the secretary from imposing conditions on states and school districts in exchange for a waiver of federal K-12 education law; this includes any condition affecting academic standards and assessments, accountability systems, or teacher and principal evaluations;
2. Prohibits the secretary from demanding changes to state standards or influencing and coercing states into entering partnerships with other states;
3. Removes the secretary's authority to add new, open-ended requirements to federal programs, preventing the secretary from burdening states and districts through the regulatory process; and
4. Sets specific procedures the secretary must follow when issuing federal regulations and conducting peer review processes for grant applications, including publicly releasing the identity of peer reviewers, thereby ensuring greater transparency.
We cannot allow the Obama administration to implement a backdoor education agenda. It's time to advance real change in our nation's education system. The Student Success Act and the Encouraging Innovation and Effective Teachers Act provide states and school districts with a clear path forward that will help get more effective teachers in the classroom, enhance accountability, and raise the bar on student achievement.
Last week, House Education and the Workforce Committee Republicans put out a series of documents outlining how the new proposals benefit children and families, protect schools from overly prescriptive federal mandates, and encourage innovation in the classroom. To see these documents in the series, click here:
Part 1: New Republican Proposals Advance Education Reform -- http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274227
Part 2: Returning Responsibility for Student Achievement to State and Local Leaders -- http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274311
Part 3: Supporting Effective Teachers in Every Classroom -- http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274637
Part 4: Ending the Education Secretary's Overreach -- http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274738
Part 5: Reviewing the Facts -- http://edworkforce.house.gov/News/DocumentSingle.aspx?DocumentID=274871
To read the two draft proposals, please go to
Student Success Act: http://edworkforce.house.gov/UploadedFiles/The_Student_Success_Act.pdf
Encouraging Innovation and Effective Teachers Act: http://edworkforce.house.gov/UploadedFiles/The_Encouraging_Innovation_and_Effective_Teachers_Act.pdf
GOP-- Resolution Exposing United Nations Agenda 21
Thirteen GOP National Committeewomen/men from eleven different states along with the GOP Chairman from Delaware have sponsored a resolution titled, "Resolution Exposing United Nations Agenda 21". There has been much doubt and denial as to the existence of Agenda 21, also titled Sustainable America--Sustainable Development. This resolution will help in allay those doubts along with the fact that ten state and county GOP organizations have included anti-Agenda 21 planks in their party platforms. Agenda 21 is destroying our God given Constitutional Rights and must be exposed and thrown out of America. This resolution gives a comprehesive description of Agenda 21 and what must be done to STOP it. Agenda 21 is not just "a" threat to our freedoms, it is "the" threat and until Americans realize "the" threat nothing will change. Please read this resolution and pass it to everyone, GOP, non-GOP, relatives, friends and foes. Regards, Jim Stack, Florida
Resolution Exposing United Nations Agenda 21--
http://nolathe.files.wordpress.com/2012/01/ncresolutionexposingunitednationsagenda21_1207112final-1.pdf (take note of the sponsors and states)
SEND POSTCARDS to your legislators - American contracts for American jobs. Stop job and wealth redistribution.--- Ethel Cerda, AgEnder
"Any president whose actions so consistently refute his own words must have deep contempt for the intelligence of the American public."
The obama administration told U.S. owned Hawker Beechcraft earlier this week they are being excluded from bidding on the US Air Force contract for a light attack aircraft. That leaves Brazilian owned Embraer as the likely recipient of the lucrative deal. I found this one hard to believe so I did a little research. It was tough because this was completely ignored by the main stream media. The information is out there on several conservative sites. Please see the two articles linked below.
This is a double slap in the face of the United States. At a time when jobs, the economy, and security are the most critical priorities for our country, the Obama administration decides to send a defense contract to a foreign owned company.
If this contract goes to Embraer it will be a huge pay off to another George Soros company.
Hawker-Beechcraft Denied Big Air Force Contract in Favor of Brazilian Company With Soros Connections
Article from A Time For Choosing · Just another WordPress.com
http://www.kansas.com/2011/11/23/2112778/hawker-requests-gao-review-of.html
Socialism Alert, Remember names get changed as soon as the old one becomes negative. New names for Socialism: Collectivism or Communatarianism
Socialism violates private property
Socialism calls for "redistributing the wealth" by taking from the "rich" to give to the poor.
It imposes taxes that punish those who have been able to take greater advantage of their productive talents, capacity to work or thrift.
It uses taxation, grants and subsidies to promote economic and social egalitarianism, a goal that will be fully achieved, according to The Communist Manifesto, with the "abolition of private property."
Capitalism embraces private property, often leveraging private property as collateral for expansion
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There are 5 Radical Islamic Schools in Florida. How many in you state? Texas Education Agency - Donna Garner, AgEnder read more
SEND POSTCARDS to your State Ed Committee legislators and your Governor's office.
Stop using taxpayer money for Gulen Schools. This petition is a must. Petition Opposing Shariah Law in American
Sheriff Mack joins the AgEnders with a training program for Sheriffs. Your sheriff is the key. Join Sheriff Mack at countysheriffproject.org
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The most dangerous communist in America read sorosfiles.com
Your challenge: Find one document in the United Nations that says Freedom
SEND POSTCARDS to your legislators - Get the UN out of the US, get the UN out of the UN
End Political Correctness-Tell the truth, Remember: Not to Speak is to Speak, Not to Act is to Act!
Political Correctness is the death of liberty. Silence is unacceptable, just ask any immigrant.
America is worth saving - SEND POSTCARDS
Can you volunteer to pass out flyers in your neighborhood. Can you hand out 10 a day? If you can't not to worry, the Obama Team will. The won the election that way. Make a flyer from this email. Get it out in your neighborhood.
Send this email out to everyone you know.
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Agenda 21 is the United Nations plan to destroy a free America. All Federal Agencies now answer to the United Nations. Their desire is establish a New World Order with a One World Government controlled by the ELITE from the United Nations.
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