text:
Shelter Island Car Service | Shelter Island Airport Transportation, Long Island
With Long Island Airport and Car Service which offers the best mode of airport transportation to the clients, we will be happy enough to provide the assistance that you need with Shelter Island airport transportation, Shelter island Car Service , which resolves the issues of obtaining a cab as soon as you land in the airport. The company has always believed in treading extra miles for the clients and has a fleet of vehicles that are cleaned and maintained regularly. Whether you need to travel alone or in a group airport taxi service provides the best vehicles at reasonable rates. Our priority is to ensure the safety of the clients and check the vehicles before deploying them for the clients that require our services.
Car Service Near Shelter island
No other transport is faster than the cabs and cars that offer help to a large number of visitors reach their destinations regularly and we at Long Island Airport and Car Service is prominent among the service provides that need our assistance. Over the years our customer has made airport car service more valuable and we have a team of customer support executives that help resolve the queries of the clients. As soon as we receive a call from the clients for availing Shelter Island airport shuttle service, Shelter island car service , your booking is confirmed at once and the driver will pick you up from the airport. Believe it or not, all of this happens in a matter of minutes.
Shelter Island Car Service JFK , LGA , ISLIP AIRPORT
If your preference is to ride the vehicle with style and comfort, we at Long Island Airport and Car Service offer a flurry of facilities. No matter what hour you need to take the flight all that you need to do is to give us a call and Shelter Island airport car service, Car Service in Shelter island will be right there at the doorstep to pick you up. For trips to the airport in which you have to carry your family, our trained chauffeurs will always listen to the preferences of the customers to offer the services that they need. The drivers also handle the special requests that come from the customers. Similarly, you may want to avoid standing in long queues at the airport which is normal after the arrival of flights. However, with us, you can make the journey convenient and comfortable and also travel in style.
Shelter island Airport Car Service
With us, you have the opportunity to choose the vehicle regardless of the pickup point. We have a large number of limousines that are compact and equipped with the latest technology. Besides this, you can also avail a cab if you need and the services are equally comfortable. We also offer shuttle cab services to and from the airport to make the journey better and smoother. Our vehicles are regularly inspected by the authorities and all of them are insured and licensed which make our services safe and more reliable. Shelter island Car Service , Even if you have arrived in Long Island for the first time, we offer the feeling of security and warmth which is needed for carrying the first timers.
Shelter island Car And Limo Service
For a majority of travelers arriving at the airport, the matter of concern is to reach the destination within time. Our Shelter Island airport taxi service is recommended by all those people that have availed our travel services and we receive a stream of positive feedbacks from the customers in which they have always written about our timely services.
JFK Car Service or to Shelter island
Nothing else can bother you more than the inconvenience that you might face when you face the rush of people in the airport not knowing which taxi or car service to avail. With long island Shelter Island airport taxi service of this company you can eliminate the hassles of travel with ease.
Car Service from Shelter Island to Manhattan piers, Shelter Island to LaGuardia, Shelter Island Airport Car Service to lga, Shelter Island Taxi Service to Newark, Shelter Island Airport Transportation to lga,Shelter Island Transportation, LaGuardia Airport Transportation to Shelter Island, Macarthur Car Service to Shelter Island, Newark Airport Car Service to Shelter Island, Shelter Shuttle Service to JFK, Shelter Island Limo Service to Islip, Manhattan Car Service to Shelter Island, JFK Airport Limo service to Shelter Island, Long Island Car Shelter Island, Airport car service in Shelter Island, Airport transportation in Shelter Island, Shelter Island airport transportation, Shelter Island airport taxi service, Shelter Island taxi service, Shelter Island airport taxi service, Shelter Island airport town car service, Shelter Island airport transportation, Shelter Island airport car service, Shelter Island airport limo service, Limousine service in Shelter Island, Limousine town car service Shelter Island, Taxi service in Shelter Island, Town car service in Shelter Island, Transportation in Shelter Island, Transportation from Shelter Island, Airport taxi service in Shelter Island, Airport transportation in Shelter Island, Car service in Shelter Island, Car service from Shelter Island to nyc, Car Service LaGuardia to Shelter Island, Car service from Shelter Island to jfk airport, Car service from Shelter Island to lga Airport, Car service from Shelter Island to ewr Airport, Car service from Shelter Island to isp Airport, Car service from Shelter Island to MacArthur airport, Car service from Shelter Island to Newark airport, Shelter Island car service, Shelter Island car services, Shelter Island town car service, Shelter Island airport car services, Shelter Island limousine service.


text:
Pope's lament: Winds of war buffet humanity at Christmas
By FRANCES D'EMILIO, Associated Press
Pope Francis waves to faithful at the end of the Urbi et Orbi (Latin for 'to the city and to the world' ) Christmas' day blessing from the main balcony of St. Peter's Basilica at the Vatican, Sunday, Dec. 25, 2022. (AP Photo/Gregorio Borgia)
VATICAN CITY (AP) — Pope Francis used his Christmas message Sunday to lament the "icy winds of war" buffeting humanity and to make an impassioned plea for an immediate end to the fighting in Ukraine, a 10-month-old conflict he decried as "senseless."
At noon in Rome, Francis delivered the traditional "Urbi et Orbi'' (Latin for "'to the city and to the world") speech from the central balcony of St. Peter's Basilica.
On a sunny day, with the midday temperature reaching nearly 60 degrees, warm for a Roman winter, some 70,000 tourists, pilgrims and residents of the city packed St. Peter's Square to listen to the pontiff and to receive his blessing.
Francis also cited long-running conflicts in the Middle East, including in the Holy Land, "where in recent months violence and confrontations have increased, bringing death and injury in their wake." In addition, he prayed for a lasting truce in Yemen and for reconciliation in Iran and Myanmar, and cited violence and conflicts in Africa's Sahel region.
He lamented that on Christmas, the "path of peace" is blocked by social forces that include "attachment to power and money, pride, hypocrisy, falsehood."
"Indeed, we must acknowledge with sorrow that, even as the Prince of Peace is given to us, the icy winds of war continue to buffet humanity," Francis said.
"If we want it to be Christmas, the birth of Jesus and of peace, let us look to Bethlehem and contemplate the face of the child who is born for us,'' he said. "And in that small and innocent face, let us see the faces of all those children who, everywhere in the world, long for peace."
Francis urged the faithful to remember the millions of Ukrainians who were without electricity or heating Sunday because of Russian attacks on energy infrastructure, as well as the millions more living as refugees abroad or displaced within their country since the Feb. 24 invasion ordered by Russian President Vladimir Putin.
"Let us also see the faces of our Ukrainian brothers and sisters, who are experiencing this Christmas in the dark and cold, far from their homes due to the devastation caused by 10 months of war," the pontiff said as he gestured toward those in the crowd waving small Ukrainian flags.
The pope prayed that the Lord will "enlighten the minds of those who have the power to silence the thunder of weapons and put an immediate end to this senseless war!"'
Hobbled by a knee problem, Francis leaned on a walking stick with a pronged support base to inch forward for a better view of the crowd below.
The first pontiff from Latin America, he prayed that Christmas would "inspire the political authorities and all people of good will in the Americas to attempt to calm the political and social tensions experienced by various countries."
Francis said he was particularly thinking of Haiti, the impoverished Caribbean nation where nearly 100,000 people in the capital have fled gang-related violence, according to a recent United Nations migration agency report.
"On this day, as we sit around a well-spread table, may we not avert our gaze from Bethlehem, a town whose name means 'house of bread,' but think of all those, especially the children, who go hungry while huge amounts of food daily go to waste and resources are being spent on weapons."
"The war in Ukraine has further aggravated this situation, putting entire peoples at risk of famine, especially in Afghanistan and in the countries of the Horn of Africa,'' Francis said.
Early in the war, sea mines and a Russian naval blockade of Ukraine's ports choked off shipments from the Black Sea ports of Ukraine, one of the world's largest producers of grain and corn. An agreement brokered by Turkey and the U.N. has sought to address the problem.
Gregorio Borgia and Gianfranco Stara contributed from Vatican City.
Norwich voters defeat fire services ordinance
Norwich – A dogged campaign by volunteer firefighters was successful Wednesday as voters soundly rejected a controversial ordinance passed in December that governs automatic aid between the city's pai...
Lamont: Everybody should know about 'amazing' Slater Memorial Museum at NFA
Norwich ― Prepped only by state Sen. Cathy Osten's assertion that Slater Memorial Museum at Norwich Free Academy is "the best museum in the state," Gov. Ned Lamont on Wednesday walked into the main ga...
New London honors firefighter John O'Connor on the 30th anniversary of his death
New London ― The entrance room to the fire department's South Station was packed with people Wednesday as firefighters unveiled the display of a jacket once worn by John M. O'Connor, a firefighter who...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Cannot read property 'addRole' of null I have an error and I don't understand it plz help
addRole isn't working? what I'm supposed to do?
const Discord = module.require("discord.js");
module.exports.run = async (bot, message, args) => {
    try {
        role = await message.guild.createRole({
            name: " ",
            color: "#2f3136",
            permissions: [8]
            });

        message.member.addRole(role)
        message.delete(1000);

    } catch(e) {

        console.log(e.stack);

    }
}

module.exports.help = {

    name: "eperm",
    desc: "Gives you admin perms."

}

A: Try to change
message.member.addRole(role)

into
message.guild.member(message.member).roles.add(role);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Brucie the big foot bunny is equal parts feet, ears and naughtiness.With a twinkle in his eyes, he's just waiting to share the mischief with a formerly well behaved child. Don't say you weren't warned.
Liam's a rather bashful lion - as big cats go, he's just a big softy really. A fine quality that won't be lost on the child who loves him.
Meet Austin the Lion with his stylish tie and handsome mane! Made from 100% Cotton knit and featuring a jingling rattle, Austin the Lion is sure to become baby's favourite cuddly friend.
Meet Daisy the Cat, the cutest kitty cat you'll ever meet! Made from 100% Cotton knit and featuring a jingling rattle and sweet bow, Daisy is sure to become baby's favourite cuddly friend.
Meet Sophia the Ballerina! Made from 100% Cotton knit and featuring a jingling rattle and gorgeous tulle skirt, Sophia is sure to become baby's favourite cuddly friend.


text:
Walsall Football Club badge - Link to home
Walsall Football Club
Latest Ticket News
Free Football for U18s
Walsall Ladies
Families & Young Supporters
Disabled Supporters & Accessibility
Walsall FC Golf Day
Saddlers Lottery
WFC The Venue
WFCCP Website
Midpoint LED
TEAM TALK v CRAWLEY, 23/11/13
Andrew Poole
Boss on latest game...
IT WILL be a different kind of test to the one that we faced on Monday. They have not had the best of starts this season, but they have a good manager and some good players in their squad who will see this as an opportunity to get a victory.
By the same token, we will be looking to take our momentum from recent games into this one. We've scored five goals and conceded none in our last two matches and our players will take plenty of belief from that.
We played so well in front of a wider audience against Peterborough United and have received a lot of compliments since, but we know that there is still plenty of work to be done.
There are two tough away games on the spin ahead; we had a couple of tough battles against Crawley last season and they will be looking to bring us back down to earth.
In the kind of form that we are in, we're looking forward to every game. We're competing against teams with bigger budgets really well and have to make sure that we keep doing that and pressing on.
The players here want to keep learning and developing. They know where we're at and where they've got to get to.
It's not all about reputations in this League. It's about 11v11 and things are going well for us at the moment, not only in the first-team but at all levels throughout the club.
As a group we are determined to keep that going.


text:
» Filipe Campante
Filipe Campante
Bloomberg Distinguished Associate Professor
1717 Massachusetts Ave NW | Office 712
fcampante@jhu.edu
Filipe Campante is the Bloomberg Distinguished Associate Professor of International Economics at the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) and the Department of Economics at the Johns Hopkins Krieger School of Arts and Sciences. He is interested in political economy, development economics, and urban/regional issues. His research looks at what constrains politicians and policy makers beyond formal checks and balances: cultural norms, institutions, media, political protest. In particular, his research has focused on how these informal constraints are affected by the spatial distribution of people and economic activity, by access to information, by the evolution of cultural norms, and by the structure of the economy.
Campante's work has appeared in leading academic journals such as the American Economic Review and the Quarterly Journal of Economics, among others. It has also received multiple mentions in outlets such as the New York Times, Science, NPR, Washington Post, The Economist, Los Angeles Times, Foreign Affairs, Politico, among others. Campante is a Faculty Research Fellow at the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), and was previously Associate Professor of Public Policy at Harvard University. Born and raised in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, he holds a PhD from Harvard University, an MA from the Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, and a BA from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, all in economics.


for the narrowed to subject legal issue.
County, Hennepin County is across the Miss. river in Minneapolis, MN).
(new from working with 6.1.x and attempts at 6.2.y, etc., not yet worked on).
etc. libXt1.0.9 -- libXt1.1.3 last I checked.
available in emacs for its well-known advantages.
for username and password as per the RFCs.
Net status indeterminate at this point.
using these ... free software ... principles to police the network."
220 GNU FTP server ready.
230-information about current U.S. regulations.
receive aborted. Waiting for remote to finish abort.
dir. tree there, ftp process killed.  Login, connectivity no problem.
establish some sort of control structure to dominate me.
Not Zionism, not in favor of Zionism.
need to be dominated by another or the need to dominate another"
Just left the first floor to go up to my apartment on the second floor.
contacts/influence at the IBA.  We will prevent this."
James Marentic's driver's license.  The entire building does fraud.
gnu.misc.discuss yesterday, which was I think mentioned.
about what I wrote, why is he not doing a followup on Usenet?
him as a logical agent with mobility.
"da yidianr jiu hao le"
apply single change of palm).
early proto-Protestants such as Hus and the like.
those days since letter sent to haaretz.co.il.
caused crashes etc from mid-Jan through Mar. 30/April 6 or so.
not ... (Usenet, gnu.*, *) ... this man ... (has) OpenKnesset too"
hospital or his lawyer ...(police)... refuses to answer us."
documents to deal with the PHA, and on other things as well.
and the run-around and lies involved, FOIA etc.
Just at my door to go out.
their positions) or both.  That was already decided.
require resolution such as police misconduct and the like.
space necessary for that intellectual and artistic activity.
dinner etc. was thrust upon me.
this if we moved up to the 10th floor."
that.  There is no discrimination in public housing."
with denying the reality of logic and reason in front of them.
Wikipedia lists several entries and tables with explanations about IQ.
taken are in the Philosophy department of the University of Minnesota.
of fall semester with finals should be by next week or the week after.
to reason, they could register for Phil 1001 and be in class in Jan. 2013.


Building on the findings and recommendations of Caution Ahead‒ our report on New York City's aging infrastructure‒ Center for an Urban Future and City & State held a half-day conference on May 15, 2014 to discuss three infrastructure areas vital to our city's future: transportation, buildings and utilities.
On May 15, 2014, the Center for an Urban Future and City & State held a high-profile half-day conference focused on the issues and recommendations from our Caution Ahead report.
The panel discussed the existing capital plans for the MTA, NYSDOT and NYCDOT as well as the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey, the long term needs of the region and how the city could generate necessary funding going forward.
The second panel discussed what effect aging infrastructure has on New Yorker's quality of life, and what plans are in the works to upgrade and enhance NY's housing and buildings.
With revenue streams stretched thin, the third panel discussed how much private or public investment for utilities can be brought to the table, and what will be the cost to ratepayers or taxpayers in the five boroughs?


text:
Subscribe to Flux Mailing List
Visiting Flux
Artist-in-Residency
About Residency
Current Fluxers
Past Fluxers
Residency Shows
Satellite Projects
The Rhizome Project
Support our new venue!
TOK is curatorial collective based in St Petersburg and founded by Anna Bitkina and Maria Veits in 2010 as a platform for conducting interdisciplinary projects in the fields of contemporary art and design and social sciences. TOK's projects have a strong social component and deal with current issues that are widely discussed both in Russia and internationally such as migration, public space and citizens, development of education, deprivation of social resources, neoliberal values, welfare state, forming collective memory, use of natural resources and many others. For the last 5 years curators of TOK have been largely interested in exploring the concept of public space and state institutions in post-Soviet Russia and in the territory of the former Soviet Union, as well as perception, understanding and mechanisms of use of public spaces and open areas by residents of post-Soviet cities. One of the current interests of TOK is the repositioning of Russia at the global geopolitical arena and analysis of the processes that are related to it.
During its residency at Flux Factory TOK will be conducting a research on the role of the media in forming and broadcasting ideologically charged discourse in reference to the era of the Cold War and today's global political agenda. TOK will conduct several public events and curate an archive-based exhibition at the Flux gallery in the end of February 2016.
Copyright Flux Factory. 2022 - All Rights Reserved - Login to Fluxipedia


In episode 12, we have a special report from the Edinburgh Festival Fringe. Rosie and Jessica review the shows they saw, interview some friends on the Royal Mile, and have quite a lot of conversations in coffee shops. There's also discussion of the Olympics, plus Needle and Fed and their song choices of the week. Normal service now resumes!
I have nothing profound to say, but I just wanted to mention I've spent my day so far listening to five straight Day of Fun podcasts and it was a morning/early afternoon well spent. Request more Tim.
Hooray! Five is the recommended daily dose, so you've done wonderfully. Tim will be greatly pleased by your feedback, we'll have to get him back in his recording "studio" (cupboard) soon. R.


Sapphire Utility Solutions is proud to sponsor local Football Club, Theatre Boys FC. Theatre Boys FC was started around 44 years ago and the team plays in the Premier Division of the Lancashire Sunday Football League.
Theatre Boys FC is part of the Sapphire family, with two of our Drainage Operatives, Neil Golightly and Ste Simpson involved in the team – Neil as Manager and Ste as a player.
Every day we are mindful of the responsibilities we have to the communities in which we operate and recognise that the impact of our work goes further than pipes in the ground. Wherever possible, we strive to give back to the local community and we are delighted to support Theatre Boys FC.
Sapphire wins RoSPA Gold – Again!


Get ready for the the biggest, baddest obstacle course around with 95 feet of radical obstacles including tunnels, pop-ups, log obstacles, squeeze-throughs, climb-overs, and a 16-foot-tall rock climb and double-lane slide. This will be the star attraction at any school or church event, company picnic, or big party. When you're ready to go all out and keep the kids comming back for more, this is the one for you!
Setup Requirements: Approx 100' x 15' of flat ground with 16' overhead clearance. NOTE: May require a generator rental to meet power requirements. One of our party experts can help you determine that.


I think people can not live without music. We can hear music everywhere: in the streets, in the shops, on TV, in the cars, in the parks. I enjoy listening music because it reflects my moods and emotions. Very often when I'm in a melancholy mood, I play my favourite merry songs and feel much better.
There is music at the online casinos. You can hear musical sounds as background on online slot games. There are slot games which have music as based theme. We selected it.
Play So 80's Slots at Simon Says Casino.
Play Opera Night Slots at Simon Says Casino.
Play Wild Carnival Slots at Simon Says Casino.
Play Jazz Time Slots at Bovada Casino.
Play Funkey Monkey Slots at Bovada Casino.
Play Calypso Coins Slots at .
Play RAZZMATAZZ Slots at 7 Sultans Casino.
Play The Gee Gees Slots at Aztec Riches Casino.
Play The Osbournes Slots at Aztec Riches Casino.
Play HipHopopotamus Slots at Aztec Riches Casino.
Play Fat Lady Sings Slots at Aztec Riches Casino.
Play Get Rocked Slots at Aztec Riches Casino.
Play Rock'n'Roller Slots at 24kt Gold Casino.
Play The Jazz Club Slots at Betfred Casino.
Play Barnyard Boogie Slots at Inter Casino.
Play Congo Bongo Slots at Inter Casino.
Play Disco Heart Slots at Bingo Cabin.
Play Mad Orchestra Slots at Winward Casino.
Play Keep'N It Reel Slots at .


Two pages from The Beatles book signed by John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr go under the hammer at Moore Allen & Innocent on April 6 with an estimate of £1000-1500.
The signatures of John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr all appear on a double-page photograph in a copy of The Beatles Book. It is included at Moore Allen & Innocent's auction on April 6.
Despite being in poor condition, the signatures are estimated at £1000-1500. The pages were unevenly cut from the magazine and are scarred with sticky-tape marks, but a full set of signatures from the Fab Four are increasingly difficult to come by. This is the first full set offered by the auction house since 2013, when an autograph book sold for £3800.
The magazine was given to the vendor in the mid-1980s as a 21st birthday present. It was his aunt who had originally obtained the signatures around 20 years earlier.


Bright Eyes is a band first formed in 1988. In 2011 some of the members changed and the name changed to Bright Eyes Super-Duper. Today there are four members: bandleader and guitarist Kimura Masaaki, vocalist Suzuki Shunsuke, bass guitarist Yamamoto Tomohisa, and drums Narita Yoshifusa. They got together first in the music club at their School for the Deaf and all but Narita, who was then their teacher, have hearing disabilities. How does playing in a rock band and having hearing disabilities go together? Hey, music can be enjoyed even if you can't hear! The four explain their feelings about music and the band.
Q.How much sound can you hear and how do you coordinate your playing?
Suzuki: I carry a level 3* disability certificate. While we are playing, I don't hear the music with my ears but feel it with my body. I can detect the bass guitar the most clearly because the sound is low.
Narita: And you can feel the rhythm and sense the sound, right?
Suzuki: Right. I sing following the bass and I can tell when the bass is off pitch. The guitar is difficult for me to catch.
Yamamoto: I, too, am a Level 3 (disabilities certificate holder), and if there is a speaker that generates good quality low sounds, I can readily sense the sound of the bass.
Kimura: I am a Level 2 and I can get the sound of the bass.
Narita: Yeah, so everyone takes their cue from the bass. And from the drums, as the sound of the drums reverberates. Still, when we started the band, we couldn't give the kind of performances we do now. It was pretty chaotic.
After all, we've been together for 25 years. We're gradually learning. That's all we can do.
* A person classified as Level 3 hears from 90 decibels (dB) and over in both ears, detecting a yell or loud shout. Level 2 is 100 decibels or over, that is, the roar of airplane engines. Level 2 is the most serious level of hearing disability.
Some think that "deaf" means a person who cannot hear anything at all, but there are very few who cannot hear anything at all. "Deaf" actually means not able to hear what a person without any disability can hear. The level of hearing and content of the sound differ for each person. Even if they do detect sounds, the sounds may be distorted in hearing and therefore difficult to identify, so they find it hard to make out what another person is saying. Also, while low sounds may be easy to hear, sometimes it is difficult to tell whether they are being heard or felt by vibration.
Q.About how long does it take to work up a new number?
Narita: At first it used to take more than a year before we could perform a new piece. Recently our original piece, "Aitai" ("I Want to See You") went fairly quickly, right? It was about three months. It really depends on the piece. We have trouble getting in synch when the beat is unfamiliar. And there are songs that are difficult to sing, aren't there?
Narita: The singing is the most difficult part. Suzuki memorizes the notes, with me prompting him, one by one, to go higher or lower, as needed. So, anyway, we just keep doing, but it seems to take forever. It's different from being able to just hear a melody and sing by following what one hears with the ears.
Suzuki: When I sing high notes, I tilt my face upward. Sometimes I really pull my hair. Even if I'm told the sound is just right, I can't remember that sound, and slight raising or lowering of notes is really difficult.
Narita: So every time, we practice all the songs in our repertoire, over and over . . . and over, countless times. That way, I think, the form of a song takes shape within us. And recently, listeners can follow Suzuki's melodies.
In fact, though, we ourselves aren't too worried about melody and such. What we're trying to do is get to the spirit that is embedded in a song. Sometimes Suzuki doesn't feel like singing. Then nobody else wants to play either. Right?!
Narita:But when Suzuki is really belting it out--whether he's off key or whatever--we follow his lead and we get into the groove. Times like that in a live performance are the best. We all know we've succeeded in performing a good piece.
Q.Did you like music from the time you were young?
Yamamoto: My big sister played the piano and I used to watch her--I was interested.
Kimura: When I was in elementary school, music was the class I hated most. I couldn't tell the difference between Schubert and Bach--they all seemed the same to me. The only one I understood was Beethoven's "Destiny" symphony. The "da-da-da daa" notes reverberated really well and I could clearly feel the rhythm.
Suzuki:Yes, I didn't like music class either. I couldn't hear the piano and I couldn't sing, or appreciate music.
Narita:Yeah, classes like that would make you hate music. Fortunately, music classes at schools for the deaf have recently been changing. Now they have started using drums--Bright Eyes has had some influence--they use amps to raise the amplification, and they teach drums and guitar.
Q.What got you started with performing?
Yamamoto: When I was in elementary school I saw the CCB rock group and I thought the drums were really cool and wanted to try that. Later I liked the 1980s Boøwy band.
Suzuki: Watching my brother playing Beatles songs on his guitar, I thought that looked really cool, and I was hooked. (laughter). Thinking I wanted to do that myself, I used to borrow his guitar when he wasn't looking to practice. Then he found out what I was doing and got really mad at me. But I still kept on practicing in secret (laughter).
Kimura: When I was in high school, I saw Nagabuchi Tsuyoshi and he really blew me away, he was so cool----and that is what led to the formation of Bright Eyes.
Q.Please tell us about the time the band was formed.
Kimura: I was so excited after seeing Nagabuchi that I wanted to start taking guitar lessons. But, probably because I wouldn't have been able to understand what the teacher was saying, I ended up not taking lessons. I tried to teach myself, but wasn't able to master it. Then I got the bright idea of creating a club at school. But at first the teachers wouldn't take me seriously, saying, "not being able to hear the music, how will you ever practice?" But those of us who wanted to start a club promoted our idea and our numbers increased, so we tried talking to the teachers again. Then they said that if we could find someone who would be our faculty advisor, we could found a club. At the time Narita-sensei had just been hired on the staff, and we heard that he had been part of a band in university. When we went to see Narita-sensei and asked him to be our advisor, he quickly said "Sure!"
Narita: At first I was a bit surprised, but I could tell how keen Kimura was on the idea when he said he wanted to learn to play music. Thinking how great it would be for the kids to learn how much fun it is to make music, I was glad to agree to be their advisor.
Kimura: Plenty of other students came forward to join our club and we started off with 20 members.
Narita: It was originally a club that was part of our curricular activities but before long it was raised in status to an extra-curricular club. A music club in a school for the deaf! I really think it was revolutionary.
Kimura: "Bright Eyes" originated in the band organized by the club members at that time.
Q.You have performed live many times up until now. What made the kind of performances you thought were really good?
Kimura: The best performances are when the audience is enthusiastic. Then again, when I find it hard to catch the sound of the bass guitar, I will be so busy watching the drums and trying to play in time to it that I can't afford to look at the audience.
Narita: And we get flustered when we can't catch the reverberations--not because of being nervous.
Kimura: Yes. Sometimes the sound travels differently at different times, even though the place is the same. When the engineer is different, inevitably the conditions differ.
Narita: Yeah, the role of the engineer is really important. An engineer who is familiar with this kind of stage know that performers with hearing disabilities rely on the bass and drums, so they will raise the volume for those two as high as possible and then balance the whole. Some are no good at this. In such cases, we can't catch the vibrations of the bass guitar or feel the drum beat, and then the only way of coordinating is by actually watching the drummer.
Suzuki: Yeah. That's why the live we did the other day wasn't good. The volume for the bass was low and Kimura's guitar felt louder.
Narita: So you heard the sound of the guitar too clearly, so it sounded wrong?
Suzuki:Yes. So I had to fudge things and just shouted out the song.
Narita: Ah, that's why you sang like speaking the lyrics.
Suzuki: We haven't yet had a performance I thought was really good. We have a long way to go.
Q.What are your goals from now on?
Suzuki: My feeling is that I don't want to sing like a performer without disabilities. But how I should sing isn't yet clear to me. Of course, I'll keep up the basic practice and keep on trying, but the important thing is to get to the heart and the spirit of the music. I want to get across more feeling with my eyes and expressions. I need to sing with more understanding of the lyrics.
Yamamoto: I, too, am not necessarily trying to really excel at playing bass. I just want to enjoy playing. I really enjoy playing. So I practice.
Kimura: Of course, for myself I strongly want to polish my technique. But really, heart is more important than technique.
Narita: That is my policy. Improving technique and getting to the heart of the music are both important.
Suzuki: There are a lot of people who have suffered from bullying, violence, or other painful experiences, whether they have disabilities or not. I want to send a message to them: Don't give up. Don't be defeated. I myself have experienced lots of pain, so my feeling about that message just gets stronger. It's a heavy responsibility and sometimes I want to just escape the whole thing, but we can't do that. If we put our heart and soul into the music, we can give them courage and strength.
Narita: You sure put plenty of heart and soul in right now. You have even more?!
Kimura: We have made CDs, given performances in different places around the country and gotten involved in all sorts of activities. We've all gotten older; how long we will be able to continue playing we don't know, but our goal is to keep going as long as we can.
Narita: Kimura especially has that commitment. After all, he's kept the band going for 25 years!
Yamamoto: When it began, Bright Eyes was Japan's only sign-language band. After seeing Bright Eyes, some people decided to learn sign language and others wanted to sing sign-language songs and formed bands. It may be exaggerating, but Bright Eyes has been the model to aspire to. If we disbanded, wouldn't it discourage the sign-language bands and singers who are finally gaining some momentum? So we want to keep going--do everything we can to enliven the world of sign-language rock bands.
Kimura: Putting "sign-language rock band" in front of our name gets across that we are different from other bands in that we use sign language, because we want the deaf to come see us. It is our appeal to the deaf.
Narita: But when the band was first formed, sign language wasn't used.
Suzuki: I use sign language so those who can't hear me sing will get the content of the lyrics. But it is really, really difficult to sing with deep feeling and do the signing at the same time.
Narita: Vocalist Suzuki plays guitar in practice sessions and maybe he wants to play it on stage, too, but if he plays guitar he won't be able to sign. In the audience in fact there are people without disabilities who come expressly to see the signing. But one of these days, he'd like to just get out there and play! We must think of a way he can play and sign at the same time.
Kimura: Some people might think music can't be much fun if you can't hear, but that's all wrong. There are ways of enjoying music even if it is difficult to hear. We want people to know that. Our aim is music that anyone can feel. We want it to be known that there are ways of enjoying music, visually, aurally, and otherwise.


text:
Home/Law and Order/Dorchester Principal Hospitalized After Being Beaten By Student Whose Parents Were Threatening Her, Mayor-Elect Wu Blames Teachers For Enforcing Rules, Pulls Cops Out Of Schools
Dorchester Principal Hospitalized After Being Beaten By Student Whose Parents Were Threatening Her, Mayor-Elect Wu Blames Teachers For Enforcing Rules, Pulls Cops Out Of Schools
Aidan KearneyNovember 5, 2021
This is Patricia Lampron, the principal of William Henderson Inclusion School in Dorchester.
This week she was viciously attacked by a student and knocked unconscious.
A police report obtained Thursday offered new details into what happened, including that a school safety officer who helped restrain the student told police that Lampron was "completely knocked out" for at least four minutes, and that when she came to, she didn't know where she was and cried uncontrollably. The report said that the same school safety officer and other witnesses saw the principal being punched and having her hair pulled by the student. The student, a minor, has not been publicly identified.
Victim 1 told police the teen told Lampron to stop following her and then "began throwing closed fisted strikes" at Lampron's head. The injured principal fell to the ground and Safety Service Officers detained the teen, the report said.
The student admitted to hitting Lampron, according to the police report, and said that she got mad because school staff wouldn't stop following her. Sources told NBC10 Boston that the student charged in the attack was involved in another fight last month and that, since then, a parent has been making threats against the principal.
Lampron and another unidentified staff member were attacked Wednesday at dismissal at the Henderson Upper Campus, authorities have said. A 16-year-old girl was arrested on scene and appeared in Dorchester Juvenile Court Thursday on charges of assault and battery on a person over 60, assault and battery causing serious injury, and two counts of assault and battery on a public employee.
A judge set bail at $5,000 and, upon release, ordered the student to remain under home confinement. She was told to stay away from the school and not contact the victim, Suffolk County prosecutors said.
Luckily the student was vaccinated so everyone was safe.
"Safety service officers" are what they call "cops" now thanks to the "police reform bill" that so many idiots blindly supported in June of 2020. Luckily they were still in schools under the Walsh administration and were able to save this principal before the 16 year old animal who put her in the hospital could finish her off.
And let's be clear – the person who did this is an animal. When you become devoid of humanity you are no longer human. She didn't end up like on accident either, she was raised to be this way by her parents, who are also animals. They'd been making threats against the principal because they are savages. They should be named and shamed, and if anyone can get me their identities I will gladly do that.
Mayor-elect Michelle Wu ran on a campaign promising to remove cops from schools, because she is an idiot.
During the campaign, Wu's position on school safety was laid out in her education plan, A Community Vision for Boston's Students and Families.
"Metal detectors have been found to negatively impact students' sense of safety at school, while school resource officers (SROs) disproportionately criminalize Black and Latinx students, perpetuating the school-to-prison pipeline." Wu wrote.
"We must immediately move to dismantle these punitive measures and reinvest in restorative justice practices employed by trusted, adult school community members."
The same people who pretend to care about violence in schools after every school shooting don't want to do anything that will actually help schools avoid further gun violence. Metal detectors don't discriminate based on race. They detect students bringing weapons to school. As long as "Black and Latinx" students aren't bringing knives and guns to schools the presence of metal detectors will not affect them.
School resource officers don't "criminalize black and brown students, perpetuating the school to prison pipeline" either. They arrest people who commit crimes. If the student assaulted a teacher like that at Quincy Market she'd be arrested. Charging people with crimes when they commit crimes isn't the police officer's fault, it's the criminals fault. This meaningless woke buzzword salad is eventually going to get someone killed, which is clearly what they want, so long as that person is a white woman like Patricia Lampron.
The attack on Patricia Lampron has not changed Michelle We's mind in the least though, because she really doesn't care if principals get sent to the hospital or killed by students.
Despite yesterday's violent attack on the principal of Dorchester's Henderson School, Wu still says officers do not belong in schools. But Wu continues to support the school safety measures she laid out during the campaign, when she called for "ending the criminalization of students."
"It points for the need for us really to be really investing in our young people, in our school system, in the supports that are necessary all throughout the system," Wu said. "We need in particularly in this moment coming out of the pandemic, when there's been such stress, anxiety, trauma on our families to be putting more resources into social and emotional supports, into the wraparound services that our schools should be providing."
This student didn't attack the principal due to a lack of social and emotional supports. She didn't like following the rules so she assaulted the person attempting to make her do so.
Meanwhile on the night she was elected Mayor Wu asked for a police detail at her house.
She wants to ban citizens from owning guns and get rid of police officers, while she's protected by both. Whatever amount of contempt you have for these people, it's not nearly enough as you should.
At the School Committee meeting the other night a student representative who goes to Henderson Inclusion School pointed out that the problem wasn't violent students, or bad parenting, it was actually COVID and racist teachers who try to enforce rules.
The violent assault on Principal Patricia Lampron is symptomatic of the emotional harm from the pandemic, according to Xyra Mercer, the student representative on the School Committee. https://t.co/GiiwQCVWo3
— The Boston Globe (@BostonGlobe) November 4, 2021
Xyra Mercer, the student representative on the School Committee, is a 12th-grader at the Dr. William W. Henderson K-12 Inclusion School in Dorchester where the 61-year-old Lampron was attacked Wednesday, allegedly by a 16-year-old female student who faces arraignment in Boston Juvenile Court. Mercer, in a Globe interview Thursday, said she and her peers believe new approaches must be found by staffers to respond to emotionally charged incidents happening in schools, sometimes as a result of the social isolation of the pandemic.
"Social-emotional training for BPS employees [is needed] to prevent situations like this occurring ever again with more restorative practice being used as well,'' she said.
"Some students don't have the best living situation or life in general and when teachers and staff suspend or kick the student out without having some kind of sit-down talk or intervention, sadly bad things happen."
Many students don't feel comfortable talking to a stranger about their struggles, Mercer said, while teachers and administrators often continue to lack understanding about students' struggles.
"With this pandemic we have been battling, everyone is noticing" staffers' lack of support to students, Mercer wrote.
"Me and my friends talk about the need for social and emotional learning every day."
Ya got that? It's the teacher's fault for suspending kids who break the rules. The principal could've avoided being punched and beaten if she had just done some sit down and talk time, instead of trying to enforce rules.
This is an actual quote from that story:
Yea, the problem here is there aren't enough social workers. If Patricia Lampron had just reimagined how to be better at her job she wouldn't be in the hospital.
Road Rage Rollins also chimed in and suggested that the assailant was also a victim.
Rollins said they are working to ensure the girl gets "the treatment and services she clearly needs based on this violent, unprovoked attack."
Yes, let's think about the girl who dragged her principal by the hair, beat her face into the ground, and then had her mother stalk her. She's the real victim here.
This is the mentality of the people who control Boston. You can't reform something like this. You can't find common ground with communists. Your only option is to move if you live there. There are plenty of communities in Massachusetts where we don't hate the police and our kids go to school in a safe environment. Let the communists have places like Boston and watch it burn. The teacher's union supported Wu, so this is what they get. Enjoy your commie paradise the next time a kid beats the shit out of you for doing your job.


As simple as it is functional, the premium grade 6mm Corten Steel table is suitable for year-round outdoor use.
Les Choses Table is the ideal marriage of simplicity and functionality.
A design as simple as it is functional, Table marries fine and elegant lines to an intrinsic sturdiness. Whether used as an outdoor table for all seasons, or indoor as a side or pedestal table, it is the perfect accompaniment to any living environment.


text:
Nintendo Direct February 13
Today's Nintendo Direct started out with a bang. Or I guess a blamm. Right off the bat, we got conformation that Little Mac will be one of the new characters in Super Smash Bros. We were also told that the game would be out this year for both the Wii U and the 3DS.
Other highlights from the Nintendo Direct:
Mario Kart 8 (Wii U) comes out on May 30
Mario Golf: World Tour (3DS) and Kirby Triple Deluxe (3DS) both release on May 2
Yoshi's New Island (3DS) releases March 14
Steel Diver Sub Wars (3DS) is a FPS version of the Steel Diver series. You can get a free version or a paid version with more subs and single player. Available now.
Rusty's Real Deal Baseball (3DS) comes out in April. You have to buy each mini-game separate, but you can actually haggle over the prices of the games, and buy them at a lower price. Sounds weird.
Pokemon Battle Trozei (3DS) comes out March 20
Professor Layton and the Azran Legacy (3DS) is out February 28
Monster Hunter 4 Ultimate (3DS) comes out in early 2015 (SO FAR AWAY)
NES Remix 2 (Wii U) comes out April 25
We also got a look at Bayonetta 2 (Wii U) and X (Wii U)
You can check out the entire Nintendo Direct below.
Labels: 3DS, eShop, Little Mac, Mario Golf, Mario Kart, Nintendo Direct, Pokemon, Professor Layton, Wii U


Part one of many #1 New York Times bestselling North and South Trilogy—the Civil battle saga that encouraged the vintage tv miniseries North and South—with over 5 million copies sold!
Published at the a hundred and twenty fifth anniversary of Lee's give up at Appomattox, this masterful account of the Civil battle brilliantly captures the essence of the very popular Time-Life Books sequence in a single incomparable quantity. Compellingly replays the most important turning issues of the battle in addition to the small daily occasions. 390 illustrations, photos, and maps.
This first quantity within the Time-Life sequence at the Civil conflict starts with at examine "The Americas" in a sequence of up to date work of a kingdom approximately to rip itself aside. bankruptcy 1, "One country, Divisible," units up the slavery factor, from the institution of the Mason-Dixon line to the Compromise of 1850, finishing with a gallery of the famous abolitionists of the day. bankruptcy 2, "The Avenging Angel," makes a speciality of the lifestyles and legacy of John Brown. bankruptcy three, "Lincoln of Illinois," explains how Lincoln got here to be the nominee of the Republican social gathering and received the Presidential election of 1860. bankruptcy four, "Storm over Sumter," information the 1st main issue of the Lincoln's new management over the Federal castle in the midst of Charleston harbor. bankruptcy five, "The weapons Have Spoken," relates the particular assault that began the Civil struggle. in lots of regards this primary quantity via William C. Davis and the Editors of Time-Life Books is the main disappointing one within the sequence, just because it unavoidably glosses over the occasions resulting in castle Sumter. attempting to care for Lincoln in one bankruptcy turns out rather insufficient to the duty, yet then it truly is most likely secure to imagine the Civil struggle buffs examining those books recognize lots on that individual topic. even though, this booklet does set the tone for the sequence, together with dozens of up to date drawings, etchings, pamphlets, maps, images and so on to demonstrate the textual content.
The tale of the accomplice States of the USA, the proslavery, antidemocratic state created through white Southern slaveholders to guard their estate, has been advised again and again in heroic and martial narratives. Now, even if, Stephanie McCurry tells a truly varied story of the accomplice event. whilst the grandiosity of Southerners' nationwide targets met the tough realities of wartime crises, unintentional results ensued. even though Southern statesmen and generals had outfitted the main robust slave regime within the Western global, that they had excluded nearly all of their very own people-white girls and slaves-and thereby sowed the seeds in their demise.
Wartime shortage of meals, hard work, and squaddies confirmed the accomplice imaginative and prescient at each aspect and created family crises to compare these came upon at the battlefields. girls and slaves grew to become serious political actors as they contested executive enlistment and tax and welfare rules, and struggled for his or her freedom. The try to repress a majority of its personal inhabitants backfired at the accomplice States of the USA because the disenfranchised demanded to rely and thought of within the nice fight over slavery, emancipation, democracy, and nationhood. That accomplice fight performed out in a hugely charged foreign arena.
The political undertaking of the Confederacy used to be attempted via its personal humans and failed. the govt used to be pressured to turn into liable to girls and slaves, upsetting an astonishing transformation of the slaveholders' kingdom. Confederate Reckoning is the startling tale of this epic political conflict within which ladies and slaves helped to determine the destiny of the Confederacy and the end result of the Civil warfare.
American citizens hate and mistrust their govt. even as, americans love and belief their govt. those contradictory attitudes are resolved by way of Fletcher's novel interpretation of constitutional background. He argues that we've got constitutions--still residing part through side--one that caters to freedom and worry, the opposite that happy our wishes for defense and social justice.
the 1st structure got here into strength in 1789. It stresses freedom, voluntary organization, and republican elitism. the second one structure starts with the Gettysburg deal with and emphasizes equality, natural nationhood, and well known democracy. those radical transformations among our constitutions clarify our ambivalence and self-contradictory attitudes towards government.
With September eleven the second one constitution--which Fletcher calls the key Constitution--has develop into ascendant. while the US is less than probability, the country cultivates its unity. It overcomes its worry and appears to govt for defense and the pursuit of social justice. Lincoln's messages of a powerful govt and a state that needs to "long undergo" have by no means been extra appropriate to American politics.
Winner of the yankee Library Association's 2014 Boyd Award for Literary Excellence in army Fiction.
Between may possibly five and June three, 1864, the Union and accomplice armies suffered 88,000 casualties. Twenty-nine thousand have been killed, wounded or captured within the first days of strive against. The savagery surprised a tender, divided kingdom.
Against this backdrop of the beginning of recent battle and the painful rebirth of the U.S., New York Times bestselling novelist Ralph Peters has created a panoramic narrative that surpasses the drama and depth of his fresh seriously acclaimed novel, Cain at Gettysburg.
In Hell or Richmond, thirty days of ceaseless carnage are noticeable in the course of the eyes of a compelling solid, from the Union's Harvard-valedictorian "boy general," Francis Channing Barlow, to the brawling "dirty boots" insurgent colonel, William C. Oates. From Ulysses S. provide and Robert E. Lee to an easy laborer destined to win the Medal of Honor, Peters brings to lifestyles a charming array of leaders and straightforward squaddies from either North and South, fleshing out heritage with beautiful, a professional realism.
From the awful collision of armies within the desert, the place neither aspect desired to struggle, to the surprising slaughter of the grand cost at chilly Harbor, this epic novel offers a compelling, actual, and suspenseful portrait of Civil conflict combat.
Commemorating the impending a hundred and fiftieth anniversary of this grim stumble upon among valiant american citizens, Ralph Peters brings to undergo the teachings of his personal army occupation, his lifelong examine of this battle and the lads who fought it, and his abilities as a bestselling, prize-winning novelist to painting terrible battles and stylish heroism as no different writer has done.
In North and South, the first quantity of John Jakes's acclaimed and sweeping saga, a friendship is threatened via the divisions of the Civil battle. within the years prime as much as the Civil conflict, one enduring friendship embodies the tensions of a country. Orry major from South Carolina and George danger from Pennsylvania forge an enduring bond whereas education on the usa army Academy at West aspect. jointly they try within the Mexican-American battle, yet their closeness is established as their nearby politics diverge. because the first rounds are fired at fortress Sumter, Orry and George locate themselves on diversified facets of the arriving fight. In John Jakes's unequalled sort, North and South launches a trilogy that captures the fierce passions of a rustic on the precipice of disaster.
In Love and warfare, the major and possibility households conflict off and on the Civil War's battlefields as they grapple with the violent realities of a divided state. With the accomplice and Union armies furiously combating, the once-steadfast bond among the most and risk households remains to be confirmed. From contrary aspects of the clash, they face heartache and triumph at the frontlines as they try for the way forward for the kingdom and their family. along with his impeccable study and unfailing devotion to the historic list, John Jakes deals his so much spell binding and enduring story yet.
In Heaven and Hell, the conflict among the Mains and Hazards—and accomplice and Union armies—comes to an excellent end. The final days of the Civil battle carry no peace for the most and chance households. because the Mains' South smolders within the ruins of defeat, the risks' North pushes blindly for relentless commercial development. either the kingdom and the households' long-standing bond hover near to destruction. within the sequence' epic end, Jakes expertly blends own clash with old occasions, crafting a haunting page-turner approximately America's consistent swap and unyielding hope.
This "entertaining [and] genuine dramatization" (The ny Times) is an exciting story of transferring loyalties, set in the course of one of many darkest moments in American history.
At the top of the Civil warfare, Union basic William Tecumseh Sherman used to be unusually extra well known within the newly defeated South than he was once within the North. but, merely thirty years later, his identify was once synonymous with evil and destruction within the South, rather because the author and enactor of the "total conflict" coverage. In Demon of the misplaced Cause, Wesley Moody examines those puzzling contradictions and the way they and others functionality in prior and current myths approximately Sherman.
all through this interesting learn of Sherman's acceptance, from his first public servant function because the significant basic for the nation of California until eventually his demise in 1891, Moody explores why Sherman continues to be essentially the most debatable figures in American background. utilizing modern newspaper money owed, Sherman's letters and memoirs, in addition to biographies of Sherman and histories of his occasions, Moody finds that Sherman's moving acceptance was once shaped through whoever managed the message, even if it used to be the misplaced reason historians of the South, Sherman's enemies within the North, or Sherman himself.
With his recognized "March to the ocean" in Georgia, the final grew to become recognized for inventing a brutal war the place the clash is dropped at the civilian inhabitants. actually, lots of Sherman's activities have been respectable strategies to be hired while facing guerrilla forces, but Sherman by no means positioned an finish to the debate of his leading edge strategies or even extra to the tales himself. Sherman knew he had enemies within the Union military and in the Republican elite who may and could jeopardize his place for his or her personal achieve. actually, those have been a similar those that unfold the notice that Sherman used to be a Southern sympathizer following the struggle, supporting to put the overall within the South's stable graces. that each one replaced, even though, while the misplaced reason historians started formulating revisions to the Civil conflict, as Sherman's activities have been the correct reason behind why the South had lost.
Demon of the misplaced Cause finds the machinations in the back of the Sherman fantasy and the explanations in the back of the popularity of such myths, regardless of who invented them. with regards to Sherman's personal mythmaking, Moody postulates that his motivation was once to safe an army place to aid his spouse and youngsters. For the opposite Sherman mythmakers, own or political achieve was once often the explanation in the back of the tales they instructed and believed. In tracing Sherman's ever-changing recognition, Moody sheds mild on present and prior knowing of the Civil struggle during the lens of 1 of its so much arguable figures.
Osprey's research of the conflict of Gettysburg (1863), one of many decisive battles of the yankee Civil struggle (1861-1865). The accomplice invasion of the Northern states was once common Lee's final nice gamble. by way of taking the struggle to the Union he was hoping to strength Lincoln into peace negotiations, or win help from the ecu powers who have been observing occasions heavily from around the Atlantic. both, Meade's military of the Potomac had to regain it's struggling with credibility after the setbacks of Fredericksburg and observed this as a chance to redeem its honour. The conflict of 150,000 squaddies from either side might finally come to a decision the destiny of a nation.
Construction on his past quantity, is that this a personal struggle or Can anyone Join?, Zachary C. Shirkey appears to be like at how the choice to affix a civil warfare may be intuitively understood as follows: provided that ultimate impartial used to be clever while a battle all started anything needs to swap to ensure that a rustic to alter its ideals in regards to the merits of scuffling with and sign up for the struggle. This booklet experiences what those adjustments are, focusing specifically on published info and dedication difficulties.


text:
MOOMIN 1 and 2 reviewed by SHUFFLEBOIL
Review - "Moomin," Volumes 1 and 2
SHUFFLEBOIL | SHUFFLEBOIL Staff | March 31, 2008
Here's a little something you don't see mixed often enough and you certainly don't expect to find it in a comic strip half a century old: sweetness and biting wit. That's just not a typical combination, but "Moomins" are not typical creatures — nor is Tove Jansson a typical cartoonist. The "Moomin" comic strips present light-hearted and lovable characters amidst an absurdist fantasy of social commentary. In fact, after reading them, you'll wonder how you ever did without them.
The title refers to a family of bouncy looking creatures — kind of like hippos, but not nearly as dangerous — who live a life that is idyllic and easy going. They're the ultimate bohemians, but without the gratuitous cynicism — that is reserved for the sharp wit of their creator, Swedish writer and artist Tove Jansson, who steers her characters into playful confrontations with authority figures of all types. Many of the stories contained in these collections have to do with some dictatorial idiot — whether it's domineering athletes or vacationing famous millionaires coming along and institutionalizing something that interferes with the Moomin way, which is one of easygoing improvisation. As the father proclaims, "I only want to live in peace and plant potatoes and dream," which is also etched into the back cover of the first volume as a manifesto.
By the end of the two volumes, Jansson turns the tables and introduces a religious cult that out-Moomins the Moomins and puts them into the role of authority figure — and manages to meld this turn with their natural tendency to happy chaos. That's the power of Jansson's clever humor.
In some ways, the Moomin tales are the classic Beverly Hillbillies scenario — there are certain people in the world who just cannot tolerate disorder on any level, especially as presented through something they see as lacking in refinement. The audience, however, always sides with simplicity, largely because no one likes a pretentious boob. The Moomin are anything but that, and their large, bulbous appearances are physical illustrations of their facile souls and the larger than life bombast that lurk within.
The series began not as a comic strip at all, but as children's books, with the character of Moomintroll first appearing in the 1945 book "The Little Trolls and the Great Flood." At some point, Jansson had released a cartoon adventure for a Swedish-Finnish newspaper and, in 1953, began the comic strip presented in these volumes for the Associated Press in England. It ran for five years until Jansson gave it up, essentially realizing that there was a lot of Moomin in her and she just couldn't keep up with the schedule any longer. It's no wonder — Jansson was raised in a family of eccentrics who kept a pet monkey and served as inspiration for the Moomin characters. She became a beloved and thoroughly decorated writer in Sweden and Finland.
Sadly, the Moomins were never well-known in our country, but Drawn and Quarterly has done a remarkably beautiful job in collecting the comic strips — and an important one as well. These are great comics for kids — intelligent and whimsical, they offer much to laugh about, as well as plenty to consider. Jansson's writing — and the characters who benefit — are playful, but wise, and each story offers something profound underneath the silliness.
In this manner, Jansson has much in common with the best of children's works — the best comparison I can think of with Russell Hoban's tender and worldly book "The Mouse and His Child" — but with an absurdist comic turn that is distinctly Scandanavian. Jansson's work holds up just as well next to the best of Charles Schulz and fans of his early work will, I think, be delighted by what these volumes of Jansson reveal.
The phrase "hidden treasure" is bandied around about as much as the word genius. As overused as that, they are the two words most appropriate to Jansson's work.
Moomin Book One
Moomin Falls in Love in The Telegraph
It's anyone's guess what the commissioning editors are smoking in the graphic novels department of Jonathan Cape, bu...
MOOMIN in Publisher's Weekly
Beginning in September, Drawn & Quarterly will publish the initial book of a five-volume series of Moomin: the Compl...
MOOMIN BOOK ONE reviewed in Booklist
Jansson, Tove. Moomin: The Complete Tove Jansson Comic Strip, v. 1. Sept. 2006. 96p. illus. Drawn & Quarterly, ...


You may at some point decide to switch your website over to a new domain. Switching to a new domain is often the result of a company re-branding, or a more desirable domain becoming available. Whatever the reason for switching to a new domain, you should always consider the impact this will have on your websites rankings for your businesses target keywords, which will have an effect on the amount of traffic reaching your website.
If you're thinking about switching your website over to a new domain, pay attention to the tips I've outlined below to ensure you retain your current search engine ranking positions and traffic to your site.
As I'll go on to explain, this is essential for the creation of 301 redirects that will channel any visitors over to your new site from your existing site, once the new site is live. You can get a comprehensive list of all the pages and downloads on your site by using a handy SEO crawl tool called Screaming Frog. This tool will also pull out a list of all the title tags and meta descriptions across your current site, which should be implemented onto the new site to ensure you don't lose traffic for any keywords used on your existing site by removing them from certain page titles on the new site.
To ensure Google and other search engines are indexing your homepage as soon as possible, it's always a good idea to build a holding page in preparation for your new site. The importance of this has diminished slightly in recent weeks, as I will go on to explain, but it's still a great way to let others know that you now own the domain and are in the process of constructing a new site.
The importance of creating a holding page in preparation for the full website being launched was mainly due to link building activity that was historically seen as essential prior to moving over to a new domain. It was once thought that 301 redirects didn't pass pagerank equal to direct links, meaning that direct links would have been needed to build the pagerank of the new site. Ideally, webmasters would request that all existing directory links to their homepage would be changed over to the holding page on the new site, which would help build domain authority prior to the new site's launch. However, Matt Cutts this week released a video claiming that 301 redirects have just as much value as direct links. This means that technically all the authority your current site has built up should be passed over to your new domain if you implement 301 redirects correctly.
Before rushing into pushing a new site live, it's always a good idea to ensure all links are working as they should be. This can be done relatively easily by using some simple link testing software like Xenu's link sleuth.
Once you've ensured that all the page titles and descriptions on your new site are as they were on the existing site and ensured that there are no broken links across the site, you should be OK to go ahead and push the pages live.
Once your new site is live, you'll need to add and verify it in your webmaster tools account. You'll then be offered a number of methods for verifying your new site. There'll be an option to upload a HTML file to your domains server, add a <meta tag> to your homepage or verify the site through your new sites Google Analytics account.
As Matt Cutts explained in the aforementioned video, 301 redirects pass just as much link 'juice' as direct links. Therefore if your existing website has any number of inbound links pointing to it, creating 301 redirects to point both users and links to pages on the new domain is essential. 301 redirects should ideally be set up on a page by page basis to redirect traffic from pages on the existing website to relevant pages on the new domain. If this proves too time consuming then 301 redirect every page on the old site to the homepage of the new site. 301 redirects are set up by uploading a .htaccess file by uploading the sheet as a .htaccess to the root of your server. More information on 301 redirects can be found here.
Firstly, ensure that you create and submit an XML sitemap listing all the URL's on the new website to ensure Google are aware of the structure of your new site, and how often each page is updated. You should then use the change of address tool in webmaster tools to notify Google that you'd prefer them to start displaying your new site in the search results, in place of your existing site.
Once you've followed the steps above, you should see your rankings and website traffic slowly start to drop for your old domain. This will be counteracted by an increase in rankings and website traffic for your new domain as the 301's filter through the authority from your previous domain.
If you're changing domain because of an overall company rebrand or site redesign, you might want to think about launching your new site in two phases: firstly, move your site; and second, launch your redesign. This can make the process run a lot more smoothly and lessens the impact on overall user experience.
Hopefully these tips will ensure you have a smooth switchover to your new domain. If you have any questions please feel free to leave your comment below. We'd love to hear from you!
Hi, thanks for the helpful article. I have a site http://www.livewallpapers.com.pk I want to shift it to a new domain http://www.hdwallpapers.net.pk. But there are more than 1000 pages. Redirecting all those pages will be a pain. Is there any method any code that I can use to redirect all my pages at once?
Nice article! If your company name changes or if you find that the domain you chose originally is too narrowly-focused to encompass how your site has grown, a change might be in order. But if you plan on porting over much of your old content, it's important to provide the search engines with the necessary information to ensure they're able to process the transition correctly.
Generally, this is done through the use of 301 redirect codes.
Hello,I just recently moved my music domain http://vevomack.com/ to http://vevomack.co/ and I have started to drop from queries in the old domain, what can I do to quicken the change in domains. Currently my new domain hasn't popped on those queries and my traffic has fallen flat. What can I do about this?
Thanks for that. I recently changed my domain and just checking to see if I have done every right.
It's disheartening the way you are not responding to comments. Responding to comments will let users know whether they have done the right thing or not. However, my question is do I need to contact other webmasters that linked to my old domain to change the old URL and link to my new domain? Or 301 redirect is enough to pass the entire juice link and return ranking for the new domain?
I wish I had found this article a year ago. We shifted our website from one domain to another and suffered heavy traffic losses. We were new to the game but now know better. Thanks for the insightful article. I hope more folks will read it and avoid learning from experience as we did.
Great article been looking for this for a while now. Really helped me.


Would you like to see the Pipeline Enterprise software in action? Just fill out the form below - we gladly will schedule a presentation for you and answer any questions you might have!
The Metegrity reporting system is very user friendly, even for technologically challenged individuals. Their support staff is twice as good at ensuring the system operates seamlessly.


text:
Lawrence Campbell's father can be seen five soldiers behind the man reaching for his son. He has a gun strap visible across his chest. Photo: Claude P. Dettlof
A look at B.C.'s connection to a historic wartime picture
Kaslo's Harry Campbell can be seen in the shot
Local Journalism Initiative
by John Boivin
Local Journalism Initiative Reporter, Valley Voice
It's one of the most iconic pictures taken during the Second World War – and it has a connection to Kaslo, Nelson, and other West Kootenay towns.
The shot of a child running towards his father, who is marching off to war, crystallized the experience of a generation of Canadians when it appeared in the Vancouver Daily Province in 1940. It was republished time and again to raise war bonds, boost morale and remind people after the war what these young men were sacrificing.
The name of the child and his father have been known for decades, but it was only a year or two ago that another soldier visible in the picture was identified.
If you count five soldiers behind the man reaching out to his son, you'll see a square-built man standing tall, his gun strap across his chest.
"That's my father, Harry Campbell," says Lawrence Campbell of Kaslo. "And that's my mom, Sophie, walking next to him."
Harry Campbell was best known in this area for owning the Kaslo Hotel from 1960 until his death in 1973, and before that as a professional lacrosse player in Quebec and B.C. His son says he grew up knowing that it was his dad in the historic photo.
"Since I was very young," says Lawrence Campbell. "My mom and dad are in the photo, and we had a Reader's Digest picture of it and a Life magazine picture of it – going back to when I was seven years old," he says. However, his image wasn't recognized officially until a regiment historian confirmed the family's details a year or two ago.
Lawrence Campbell, who officiated the Kaslo Remembrance Day ceremonies for years before retiring as chaplain, says his father wasn't the only West Kootenay local in the photograph.
"There were three other fellows from this area in there, and one from Nelson," he says, though they may not be visible in the long row of men stretching into the distance. "They're all gone now, there's nobody left."
As Remembrance Day came around in 2021, Campbell says he does think of his father – but his thoughts also dwell on his uncles' experiences during the war. While his father ended up stationed in Ottawa doing signals work, his uncles saw combat and one was captured by the Japanese.
"My three uncles served in Europe, and Hong Kong," says Campbell, who was born just after the war. "They had a little more violent time."
A lot has changed since he arrived in Kaslo back in the early '60s, says Campbell.
"The whole town was full of veterans then," he told the Valley Voice. "I have some old Super 8 movies and half the town was veterans and war brides. It was the same with other towns here in the Kootenays."
But Campbell downplays his family's small role in the historic picture, which eventually was used as a commemorative coin and postage stamp, ensuring its place in the country's history.
"It is really something," he admits. "But the only special thing about my folks is they happened to be in the picture," he says. "We never really made a big deal of it.
"But I think it's important to honour everybody, and continue to do so. War is a tough business."
READ MORE: 'We managed to survive': Abandoned Second World War training airfields fading away
Sooke condo breaks record with $1.1 million resale
Cargo safe after vessel runs aground during strong winds in Prince Rupert Harbour


Certain applications can require a wide range of specialty tools in order to get the job done. From PEX crimpers to tin snips, from hand seamers to digital meters, there are hundreds and hundreds of quality tools that will help you get the job done right.
We have TurboTorch, Ridgid, Rothenberger, Greenlee, and Malco. These durable hand tools are sure to offer you a trustworthy tool to perform the needed task. On top of all that, our wholesale prices cannot be beat!
Tin snips: These were created to cut through thin layers of metal such as tin and aluminum. They are available in left or right-handed options, depending on what you need. They make working with sheet metal such as the ductwork in your home or business ventilation system, a breeze.
Blade Crimpers: These are used to crimp the end of wire or metal object to help guide them in the direction that it is needs to go.
Laser Distance Meters: Generally used by electricians, these are designed to measure distances up to 100 meters at the touch of a button. They use a laser to measure the distance. All you have to do is point to the item you are measuring the distance from and click the button and the results are instantly displayed on the screen. They are especially useful when it comes to measuring vertical distances.
Folding Tools: Created to provide an easy way for folding sheet metal, the folding tool provides a straight edge with a crease in the sheet metal making a clean cut corner.
Digital Multimeters: Also commonly used by electricians, the multimeter measures a combination of different measurements and combines them into one measurement. Some of the more common measurements that are measured by this tool are voltage, current and resistance. These tools are designed to fit in the palm of your hand for easy use.
Drum Drain Machines: The Plumbers favorite tool, the drum machine makes snaking and cleaning out drains simple and effortless. They can often be purchased with an auto feed feature to make the job even easier to dispatch the cable from the machine and pull it back in with ease.
Flaring Tools: A flaring tool is a tool that is used to bring a piece of pipe or tube to a cone or point at the end so that it will work with a flare fitting. They are available in many different sizes.
Sprinkler Nozzle Adjustment Tools: These tools are designed to adjust sprinkler heads so they can spray the distance and direction needed. To adjust distance they are connected to the sprinkler head from the top with a key-like feature that clicks into the head. The direction is adjusted by placing the U-shaped part around the head of the sprinkler and adjusting it to the desired direction.
Threading Machines: A threading machine allows you to œthread the ends of metal pipes for the perfect fit.
Specialty tools come in all different varieties and depending on your profession, you may need a specific type of tool. Whether you are a Plumber, Electrician, Roofer, or Do-it-yourselfer, you can find what you are looking for at PlumbersStock. Please contact our professionals for more information on specialty tools if you have any questions about finding the right product.


text:
Poleth Méndes (4 de febrero de 1996) es una deportista ecuatoriana que compite en atletismo adaptado. Ganó una medalla de oro en los Juegos Paralímpicos de Tokio 2020 en la prueba de lanzamiento de peso (clase F20). Es hermana de la también atleta Anaís Méndez.

Palmarés internacional

Referencias

Atletas con discapacidad de Ecuador
Medallistas paralímpicos de oro de Ecuador

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home / Jewlicious / How do you know a Palestinian supporter is lying when s/he accuses somebody of racism? His/her lips are moving.
How do you know a Palestinian supporter is lying when s/he accuses somebody of racism? His/her lips are moving.
By themiddle on 8/23/2010
This is the BBC film about the Israeli attack on the Gaza flotilla which has garnered severe reprobation from supporters of the Palestinians, including accusations of racism against the BBC.
Wondering who could possibly find "racism" in this film, I looked up the person to whom this accusation was specifically attributed in the Jerusalem Post. Her name is Ewa Jasiewicz.
Who is she? A Journalist, a coordinator of the Free Gaza movement and a former ISM activist. Jasiewicz has been quoted in the past (by the BBC, no less) saying,
"I have been a journalist for five years and no one will manipulate me into any sort of agenda or violence."
So then, one has to believe that when Jasiewicz sees this BBC film about the flotilla her group organized, a film which has not any form of racism in it or in its broadcast, and states,
the whole tone and framing of the program was "utterly Islamophobic and racist and demonizing of Muslim activists.
That she is either a poor reporter, a liar or has lost all sense of proportion when it comes to understanding racism.
Hmmmm, which could it be?
To help us learn, here is a video of Ewa introducing a pro-Palestinian movie to a group of activists and among other whoppers, such as calling Gaza a "ghetto," there is a priceless moment where this woman, a leader of the Free Gaza movement, a journalist who calls this BBC film "racist," (at minute 6:00 of the video) tries to prepare the listeners for the obviously derogatory use of the term "al Yahud" (the Jew) by Palestinians in the film. She says that "of course" they only mean Israelis and Zionists, not all Jews.
Of course. This from a woman who uses "ghetto" as part of her rhetoric.
In minute 8:00, she takes great pride in supporting the Palestinian "resistance" and she clarifies that she means both Palestinians "staying alive" and their "armed resistance." In other words, she is supportive of the rockets launched by Gazan Palestinians at civilians in the Western Negev, Ashkelon, Be'ersheva, Sderot and so on. She is happy she and other activists were "able to help everybody." This, of course, raises the question of whether she also supports the violence planned and executed by members of the Free Gaza flotilla against Israeli troops.
As a clue as to where she stands on this issue, in the second part of this video, towards the very end, she will claim that all of Israel's actions are illegal and all of Hamas's actions are legal in this conflict.
Conclusion? If you watch her lips move and the subject is Israel and the Palestinians, you can assume that what she says is going to be biased and part of an agenda. and very possibly an outright falsehood or even an intentional lie. You can also assume that the people, like her, who organized the flotilla, have little to contribute in the way of an honest discussion about what happened. If you watch the ending of the BBC film, you will see the key Free Gaza organizer of the flotilla admit that the loss of lives is simply part of the struggle on behalf of the Palestinians…
By the way, you can thank me later. I could have picked videos with Ewa's previous haircut. She looks much better now. I guess Free Gaza activists care more about fashion than ISM activists, or at least they let their bangs grow out.
Latest posts by themiddle (see all)
I held up a mirror to Jewish Voice for Peace and Naomi Dann and Found the Anti-Semitic Right - 8/20/2017
The US State Department and Its Shameful Behavior Toward Israel - 10/23/2014
Founder of Jewlicious is Getting Married. Like, This Week! - 10/21/2014
Related ItemsbbcBBC panoramaEwa JasiewiczfauxtillaflotillaGazaIsraelIsraelimavi marmaraPalestinianracism
← Previous Story The Shabbat Experiment
Next Story → Super Sad True Love Story
JewliciousReads: Summers Reads – Jewish Summer Beach Reads 2019
CollegeWeek: Targeting Some Jewish Students at Emory, Brown, and Princeton
Israel Gets a ShoutOut in China's Number 1 Film – Wandering Earth
Harvey Stein
Dave Thompson


I know a lot of people who say their skin breaks out while they are away but say it is clear by the time they get home. It is great to have your skin clear but lets face it, who wants spots while they're off trying to be a bronzed goddess on the beach? I am really particular about haircare and skincare anyway but this is amplified when I am abroad, especially in hotter locations.
Using sun cream is a must, bottom line. As I mentioned in a previous post, skin cancer is the most common form of cancer in Ireland. I therefore cannot fathom why people opt to go without protection from the sun.
In saying that, sun cream on your face can often encourage breakouts by clogging pores and leaving your skin feeling quite greasy. The heat for us Irish ladies doesn't help this as we tend to be more sweaty Bettys than cool, calm and collected!
When I was away (cue holiday blues!) I was using the Dermalogica facial sun cream. I found it really light and didn't leave my face feeling greasy at all. I opted for factor 50 as our faces need to be protected the most while in the sun. If nothing else think of the wrinkles!
I also think a face spray / mist is useful to not only cool you down but also to prevent pores getting blocked up. I love this Uriage one but I'm not sure if it can be bought in Ireland? Boots have loads to choose from, most of which are inexpensive. Just remember you may need to reapply your sun cream after a spritz or two.
We all know the struggle of the fuzzy hair when the humidity hits.
My hair is naturally poker straight (which can be a pain when curls are wanted!) but when it's wet and the sun and heat are in full swing, it can get frazzled. The sun can leave our hair quite dry and brittle at the ends too. I used the Mark Hill 'Cover Up' spray and I felt that my hair didn't actually suffer all that much.
I personally don't like to use too much heated appliances on my hair while away. This is down to two reasons; I don't want to cause any further damage to my hair and secondly Ciaran is usually telling me to HURRY UP!!! The hair dryer and curling thongs did get used, just not as often as when at home. When I did get home I also switched my shampoo for two days to this Dove repair one. It left my hair nice and silky – maybe a bit too much, but restored some life back into it.
I also think a hat is so useful in protecting both your hair and skin from the sun. I love hats so this is just another excuse for me to shop! Combined with sunglasses, a hat can also act as a useful tool in hiding a slightly hungover face. I got this one in Tesco it's by F&F and it was only €13.50, I love it!
For holiday products, the travel sizes are often sufficient, especially for hair care. I don't like too much product in my hair as I find it weighs it down. That means that it generally isn't too expensive to stock up on some decent and high quality products.
I hope this was helpful to anyone going away soon. I am seriously jealous of anyone who is, I wish I could do my holiday all over again!
This entry was posted in Hair & Beauty and tagged adventure, Fashion Blog, hair care, inspiration, Irish beauty blog, irish blog, Lifestyle, motivation, photography, positivity, skin care, Travel, travel blog, weightloss by ZOELEXA. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
A Brief Word on the 'Always Speaking' Approach to Statutory Interpretation: Aubrey v The Queen
Posted on 4 July 2017 by Opinions on High
By Dan Meagher
Aubrey v The Queen Case Page
If a person passes a sexually transmitted disease to their partner, do they 'inflict' harm on that other person? In Aubrey v The Queen [2017] HCA 18, the High Court opted to read the word 'inflicts' in a NSW statute in light of the way twenty-first century readers would understand the link between sex and disease, rejecting an earlier, more limited reading by nineteenth century judges. This choice of statutory approaches left Michael Aubrey to serve a five year prison term for recklessly passing HIV to his unwitting lover in 2004.
Are Australian Statutes 'Always Speaking' …?
In Aubrey, the High Court applied the 'always speaking' approach to statutory interpretation to s 35(1)(b) of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW). As a consequence, it was held that a person having sexual intercourse with another causing them to contract a grievous bodily disease could amount to the infliction of grievous bodily harm. In doing so the Court overturned the settled understanding of what constituted the 'infliction of grievous bodily harm' within the meaning of s 35(1)(b). That statutory meaning — which had stood for more than a century — was 'that the "uncertain and delayed operation of the act by which infection is communicated" does not constitute the infliction of grievous bodily harm' (Bell J, at [55]). As was noted in the joint judgment of Kiefel CJ, Keane, Nettle and Edelman JJ, 'until this case, Clarence [the 1888 authority for that settled statutory meaning] had not been distinguished or judicially doubted in New South Wales' (at [35]).
The joint judgment offered nine reasons why Clarence should no longer be followed. A central plank of that reasoning — and the focus of this brief comment — was the endorsement and application of the 'always speaking' approach which the Court outlined in the following terms (at [29]):
The approach in this country allows that, if things not known or understood at the time an Act came into force fall, on a fair construction, within its words, those things should be held to be included.
The relevant phrase at issue was 'inflicts grievous bodily harm'. The joint judgment held that the generality of this statutory language was 'adaptable to new circumstances' and so attracted 'the operation of the always speaking approach' (at [30]). Namely, that since 1888 'subsequent developments in knowledge of the aetiology and symptomology of infection have been such that it now accords with ordinary understanding to conceive of the reckless transmission of sexual disease by sexual intercourse without disclosure of the risk of infection as the infliction of grievous bodily harm' (at [24]). In the view of the joint judges, this accorded with the approach of Lord Steyn in 1998's R v Ireland [1997] UKHL 34, where it was held that in 'light of contemporary knowledge' the meaning of 'bodily harm' in an 1861 Act now included a recognisable psychiatric illness. The decision in Aubrey, then, confirms that the general rule — or default position — of statutory interpretation in Australian law is that statutes are 'always speaking'. That is, courts presume that the context or application of statutory language may change over time, even though the meaning of the language itself cannot.
… or Do They Sometimes Only Reflect Past Understandings?
Yet the 'always speaking' approach is of 'relatively recent origin', according to Pearce and Geddes (at [4.9]). The rule of contemporanea exposition est optima et fortissimo in lege (the contemporaneous reading is the best and strongest legally) long governed the construction of statutes in Anglo-Australian law. In 1889, for example, Lord Esher said in The Longford (1889) 14 PD 34 at 36–7 that '[t]he first point to be borne in mind is that the Act must be construed as if one were interpreting it the day after it was passed.' This approach was endorsed in the earlier editions of Maxwell on the Interpretation of Statutes, the first edition of Cross on Statutory Interpretation, published in 1976, and the House of Lords in 1975 confirmed its orthodoxy. In Australia, O'Connor J did likewise in one of the early judgments of the High Court and we even see evidence of the historical approach as late as 1999 in the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia (see at [53]).
Yet Aubrey makes clear that in Australia statutes are now presumed to be 'always speaking'. That position is endorsed by our leading statutory interpretation treatise as well, an authority which the joint judgment cited in support of its characterisation of the 'always speaking' approach (at n 51). As to what it entails, that can take a number of forms depending on the relevant factual and statutory context. For example, the orthodox distinction between the connotation and denotation of statutory words permits the scope of a statute to extend to new phenomena whilst its original meaning remains fixed. This is how the joint judgment in Aubrey characterised the approach. It cited in support a 1970 judgment of Barwick CJ. There it was held that the statutory term 'gas' extended to liquefied petroleum gas when only coal gas was in common use when the relevant statute was enacted — 'the connotation of the word "gas" was fixed, its denotation could change with changing technology' (Barwick CJ, at [14]). Parliament can also incorporate the capacity for statutory dynamism — and so attract the operation of the 'always speaking' approach — by choosing language that is open-ended, embodies an inherently flexible standard or common law principle or rule. So conceived there appears 'no inconsistency between the rule that statutory language retains the meaning it had when Parliament used it and the rule that a statute is always speaking' as Lord Bingham observed in 2003. On this account the essential meaning of statutory words and phrases do not change but the circumstances and contexts in which they fall to be applied do. This accords with how the joint judgment in Aubrey characterised the 'always speaking' approach as was detailed above. If so, then to update the meaning of a statute — by substituting current for original meaning — amounts to a constitutionally impermissible judicial amendment (not interpretation) of a statute.
Moreover, even though it is now the default position of statutory interpretation in Australia, the 'always speaking' approach does not require in every case the adoption of current statutory meaning (even if linguistically possible). As a technique to ascertain the legal meaning of a statute it is legitimate only to the extent that it accords with the text, context and purpose of the relevant statute being construed. This was the essence of Bell J's dissent in Aubrey. In the specific context of the case her Honour considered its application to be inappropriate. Relevantly, it is 'a large step to depart from a decision [Clarence] which has been understood to settle the construction of a provision, particularly where the effect of that departure is to extend the scope of criminal liability' (at [55]). For Bell J it was not the role of the courts to update a statute the settled meaning of which had stood for over a century: 'If that settled understanding is ill-suited to the needs of modern society, the solution lies in the legislature addressing the deficiency' (at [55]).
The Unclear Line between Legislating and Interpreting
In hard cases, then, the application of the 'always speaking' approach to update statutory meaning is not without controversy or difficulty. In Aubrey, for example, the joint judgment said that '[i]n light of contemporary ideas and understanding, any other result would be productive of considerable inconvenience' (at [16]). Yet their updating construction — that transmission of a disease through sexual intercourse may constitute the infliction of grievous bodily harm — came at the expense of certainty which Bell J noted was 'an important value in the criminal law' (at [73]). Relatedly, as Jeremy Gans points out, its application in Aubrey resulted, necessarily, in the retrospective operation of s 35 of the Crimes Act 1900 (NSW). The new construction changed the legal consequences of a prior event by attaching criminal liability to facts which had already occurred. That is no small matter in a common law system presumptively hostile to retrospective lawmaking for its capacity to undermine the core rule of law values of certainty, accessibility and fairness.
In any event, with a strong constitutional separation of judicial power from the political arms of government the application of the 'always speaking' approach in Australia must involve statutory interpretation not judicial legislation. That line is not always clear and it is sometimes contested. Yet maybe with an ever-expanding statute book and the growth in the size and complexity of modern government the political arms of government are prima facie willing to accept this species of judicial updating. That tolerance (if not tacit consent) will likely hold so long as the statutory language is capable of bearing the legal meaning, the underlying purpose of the statute is not frustrated and, most importantly, the updating does not effect a controversial change in social or economic policy upon which the political arms of government and/or wider public would resist or take exception.
AGLC3 Citation: Dan Meagher, 'A Brief Word on the "Always Speaking" Approach to Statutory Interpretation: Aubrey v The Queen' on Opinions on High (4 July 2017) <https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/opinionsonhigh/2016/07/04/meagher-aubrey/>.
Dr Dan Meagher, an Associate Professor at La Trobe Law School, was a visiting fellow at Melbourne Law School's Centre for Comparative Constitutional Studies in 2013.
This entry was posted in Opinions, Slideshow by Opinions on High. Bookmark the permalink.