Dismissing her appeal "with reluctance", the Supreme Court says that Tini Owens, who has not lived with her husband for three years, must in the absence of consent by him remain married until 2020, when they will have been separated for five years.
Observing that defended suits are exceedingly rare, Lord Wilson JSC (for the majority) said that in his judgment [on the earlier appeal to the Court of Appeal] the President had noted that, in relation to the 114,000 petitions for divorce which were filed in England and Wales in 2016, fewer than 800 answers were filed; and he estimated that the number of suits which proceeded to a final, contested hearing was 0.015% of the petitions filed, which amounts to about 17 in that whole year.
The degree of conflict between the parties which is evident in a fully defended suit will of itself suggest to the family court that in all likelihood their marriage has broken down. While it recognises that, unless and until repealed by Parliament, section 1 of the 1973 Act must conscientiously be applied, the family court takes no satisfaction when obliged to rule that a marriage which has broken down must nevertheless continue in being.
I used a phrase which I regret: for I referred to the "unreasonableness of the behaviour". "Unreasonable behaviour" has always been the family lawyer's shorthand description for the content of the subsection. But it is wrong. The subsection requires not that the behaviour should have been unreasonable but that the expectation of continued life together should be unreasonable.
Expectations of whether it is reasonable to expect one spouse to continue to live with the other, in the light of the way the latter has behaved and its effect upon the former, have indeed changed over the 47 years since the Divorce Reform Act 1969 came into force. As Lord Wilson observes at para 34, the social norm which has changed most obviously over that time is the recognition that marriage is a partnership of equals. Indeed, the equality of the sexes is now also a legal norm, reflected in developments not only in family law but also in equality and anti-discrimination law.
The marriage has to have broken down irretrievably. One of the five "facts" prescribed in section 1(2)(a) to (e) of the 1973 Act has to be proved. But the Act does not require that there be a causal connection between them. It is, for example, most unlikely that the fact that a couple have been living apart for five years (fact (e)) is the cause of the breakdown of their marriage: it will have broken down for other reasons – often attributable to the petitioner – and long ago.
The majority concluded by suggesting that Parliament may wish to consider whether to replace a law which denies to Mrs Owens any present entitlement to a divorce in the circumstances of this case.


Abstract. The objective of this paper is to use laboratory experiments to test the dynamic theory of free riding among the target shareholders during a takeover attempt. We construct our experiments to reflect the dynamics of unconditional bidding suggested by Harrington and Prokop (1993) and the dynamics of conditional bidding analyzed by Prokop (2003). The experimental results show that the observed tendering probabilities are higher than the theoretically predicted values in the case of unconditional bidding. Thus the actual behavior of shareholders is characterized by much less free riding than predicted by the theory of unconditional tender offers. In the case of conditional offers, the theoretical predictions for the tendering probabilities are confirmed by the laboratory behavior of shareholders in the case of multiple bidding. As suggested by the theory, the tendering probabilities are lower under multiple conditional bids than under unconditional offers.


text:
by David Barlow
It can be overwhelming trying to master all the single-diagnosis techniques out there for the treatment of anxiety and related emotional disorders. Renowned researcher and clinician Dr. David Barlow pulls them all together into a Unified Protocol, and teaches you through live clinical demonstration how to make your therapy more efficient and effective.
Solo Practitioner
OCD, GAD, PTSD, SAD, MDD! It would take a professional lifetime to learn let alone become proficient in the treatments for all these anxiety and related mood disorders. And it is so easy to get lost chasing down the myriad and often overlapping symptoms of these typically comorbid conditions. Well, you may finally breathe easy because Dr. David Barlow has dedicated his entire career to developing the Unified Protocol--a straightforward, step-by-step approach to understanding and treating anxiety and related emotional disorders. By watching powerful clinical demonstrations with Dr. Barlow and his team, you will learn to better help clients connect with and resolve painful emotions, disturbing thoughts, and destructive behaviors. In turn, your clients will gain a deeper understanding of their problems and develop skills to resolve them.
Compassionate, concise and clinically astute, Dr. Barlow has a gift for translating theoretical complexity into simple, engaging discussion, and the morass of decades of often confusing and conflicting treatment literature into clear clinical guidelines. Watch and learn as he and his talented team go to work with real-life clients besieged by anxiety and related symptoms.
Struggling with panic disorder which undermines the quality of her life, Cheryl learns about the nature of her emotions so she may once again reconnect with life…and concerts.
Disturbed by ruminations about killing her husband, Sarah works hard to understand the ABC's of her impulses so she may make healthy life choices.
Finding it impossible to tolerate the anxiety that comes with uncertainty, Tara seeks relief through exposure treatment that just may free her to live in the world.
Still reeling from a near-drowning scuba-diving experience, Liz willingly dons the snorkel mask in treatment so she can once again swim freely through her life.
Deathly afraid of speaking in public, Steve subjects himself to a mock lecture so that he may overcome the harsh critics of his imaginary audience.
What therapists are saying…
"In this video, viewers are granted the unprecedented opportunity to see Unified Protocol techniques in action. After highlighting the holistic similarities at the root of many emotional disorders, Dr. Barlow and his colleagues skillfully engage clients using a range of experiential techniques to illustrate the importance of recognizing connections between thoughts, emotions, and behaviors, and the role that fully experiencing emotions plays in achieving treatment success. This video represents an invaluable resource for practitioners, counselor educators, and students desiring to learn more about and practice exposure-driven CBT techniques!"
--Brittany L. Pollard, PhD, Coordinator, Graduate Counseling Programs, Indiana University of Pennsylvania
"I have found this video to be an excellent resource. I have referred back to the demonstrations and explanations countless times and each time I learn something new."
--Susan Longley, PhD, Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychology, Roosevelt University
"This video was extremely helpful. It helped make the theory more relatable and easier to understand, especially for those who were new to the UP and CBT in general. I particularly liked how the DVD involved practical role plays making the theory come alive for the students and me."
--Tyrone Edgar, Clinical Psychologist, South Africa
By its nature, the sheer pervasiveness of anxiety and related mood disorders leaves clients feeling uncertain, fragmented and distressed, with clinicians similarly trying to keep up in a game of therapeutic whack-a-mole. Masterful at organizing and simplifying complex theory and techniques, Dr. Barlow has identified and will teach you the five core skills for helping clients reduce their distress; mindful emotional awareness, challenging automatic thoughts, overcoming avoidance tactics, increasing distress tolerance, and safe emotional exposure. And he does so by walking you step-by-step through eight scientifically-grounded modules of treatment which include setting goals, understanding emotions, cognitive flexibility, emotional exposure and recognizing accomplishment.
Honed over decades of tested clinical research with thousands of patients, the beauty of the Unified Protocol is its simplicity, both in theory and practice. It is ready right out of the box to help you work efficiently and effectively with your clients struggling with anxiety and related emotional disorders.
By watching this interview, you will be able to:
Describe the core features of the anxiety disorders
Utilize the therapeutic principles of the Unified Protocol in your treatment
Organize your treatment techniques into a coherent and effective system of treatment
Length of video: 2:25:41
English subtitles available on: Stream, DVD
This DVD plays in All Regions
Group ISBN-10 #: 1-60124-556-4
Group ISBN-13 #: 978-1-60124-556-4
Dr. Barlow received his PhD from the University of Vermont in 1969 and has published over 500 articles and chapters and over 60 books and clinical manuals, mostly in the areas of anxiety and related emotional disorders, sexual problems, and clinical research methodology. He is formerly Professor of Psychiatry at the University of Mississippi Medical Center and Professor of Psychiatry and Psychology at Brown University, and founded clinical psychology internships in both settings.He was also Distinguished Professor in the Department of Psychology at the University at Albany, State University of New York and Director of the Phobia and Anxiety Disorders Clinic at the University at Albany, SUNY.
He joined Boston University in 1996 where he currently teaches.
He is Past-President of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association, Past-President of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies and was Chair of the American Psychological Association Task Force on Psychological Intervention Guidelines, as well as a member of the DSM-IV Task Force of the American Psychiatric Association.
CE credits: 2.25
Bibliography available upon request
This course is offered for ASWB ACE credit for social workers. See complete list of CE approvals here
Multimodal Therapy
Arnold Lazarus: Live Case Consultation
Arnold Lazarus on Multimodal Therapy

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.languagetool.rules.br;

import org.languagetool.AnalyzedSentence;
import org.languagetool.AnalyzedTokenReadings;
import org.languagetool.JLanguageTool;
import org.languagetool.language.Breton;
import org.languagetool.rules.*;
import org.languagetool.tokenizers.Tokenizer;
import org.languagetool.tools.StringTools;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;

/**
 * A rule that matches place names in French which should be
 * translated in Breton.
 *
 * Loads the list of words from rules/br/topo.txt.
 * This class is mostly copied from ro/SimpleReplaceRules.java.
 *
 * @author Dominique Pellé
 */
public class TopoReplaceRule extends Rule {

  public static final String BRETON_TOPO = "BR_TOPO";

  private static final String FILE_NAME = "/br/topo.txt";
  private static final String FILE_ENCODING = "utf-8";
  // locale used on case-conversion
  private static final Locale BR_LOCALE = new Locale("br");

  // list of maps containing error-corrections pairs.
  // the n-th map contains key strings of (n+1) words
  private static final List<Map<String, String>> wrongWords = loadWords(JLanguageTool.getDataBroker().getFromRulesDirAsStream(FILE_NAME));

  public TopoReplaceRule(ResourceBundle messages) {
    super(messages);
    super.setCategory(Categories.MISC.getCategory(messages));
  }

  @Override
  public final String getId() {
    return BRETON_TOPO;
  }

  @Override
  public String getDescription() {
    return "anvioù-lec'h e brezhoneg";
  }

  public String getShort() {
    return "anvioù lec'h";
  }

  public String getSuggestion() {
    return " zo un anv lec'h gallek. Ha fellout a rae deoc'h skrivañ ";
  }

  /**
   * @return the word used to separate multiple suggestions; used only before last suggestion, the rest are comma-separated.
   */
  public String getSuggestionsSeparator() {
    return " pe ";
  }

  public boolean isCaseSensitive() {
    return true;
  }

  /**
   * locale used on case-conversion
   */
  public Locale getLocale() {
    return BR_LOCALE;
  }

  /**
   * @return the list of wrong words for which this rule can suggest correction. The list cannot be modified.
   */
  public List<Map<String, String>> getWrongWords() {
    return wrongWords;
  }

  /**
   * Load the list of words. Same as {@link AbstractSimpleReplaceRule#loadFromPath} but allows multiple words.
   * @param stream the stream to load.
   * @return the list of maps containing the error-corrections pairs. The n-th map contains key strings of (n+1) words.
   */
  private static List<Map<String, String>> loadWords(InputStream stream) {
    List<Map<String, String>> list = new ArrayList<>();
    try (
      InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(stream, FILE_ENCODING);
      BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
    ) {
      String line;

      Tokenizer wordTokenizer = new Breton().getWordTokenizer();
      while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
        line = line.trim();
        if (line.isEmpty() || line.charAt(0) == '#') { // ignore comments
          continue;
        }
        String[] parts = line.split("=");
        if (parts.length != 2) {
          throw new IOException("Format error in file "
                  + JLanguageTool.getDataBroker().getFromRulesDirAsUrl(FILE_NAME)
                  + ", line: " + line);
        }
        String[] wrongForms = parts[0].split("\\|"); // multiple incorrect forms
        for (String wrongForm : wrongForms) {
          int wordCount = 0;
          List<String> tokens = wordTokenizer.tokenize(wrongForm);
          for (String token : tokens) {
            if (!StringTools.isWhitespace(token)) {
              wordCount++;
            }
          }
          // grow if necessary
          for (int i = list.size(); i < wordCount; i++) {
            list.add(new HashMap<>());
          }
          list.get(wordCount - 1).put(wrongForm, parts[1]);
        }
      }
    } catch (IOException e) {
      throw new RuntimeException(e);
    }
    // seal the result (prevent modification from outside this class)
    List<Map<String,String>> result = new ArrayList<>();
    for (Map<String, String> map : list) {
      result.add(Collections.unmodifiableMap(map));
    }
    return Collections.unmodifiableList(result);
  }

  private void addToQueue(AnalyzedTokenReadings token,
                          Queue<AnalyzedTokenReadings> prevTokens) {
    boolean inserted = prevTokens.offer(token);
    if (!inserted) {
      prevTokens.poll();
      prevTokens.offer(token);
    }
  }

  @Override
  public RuleMatch[] match(AnalyzedSentence sentence) {
    List<RuleMatch> ruleMatches = new ArrayList<>();
    AnalyzedTokenReadings[] tokens = sentence.getTokensWithoutWhitespace();

    Queue<AnalyzedTokenReadings> prevTokens = new ArrayBlockingQueue<>(wrongWords.size());

    for (int i = 1; i < tokens.length; i++) {
      addToQueue(tokens[i], prevTokens);
      StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
      List<String> variants = new ArrayList<>();
      List<AnalyzedTokenReadings> prevTokensList = new ArrayList<>(prevTokens);
      for (int j = prevTokensList.size() - 1; j >= 0; j--) {
        if (j != prevTokensList.size() - 1 && prevTokensList.get(j + 1).isWhitespaceBefore()) {
          sb.insert(0, " ");
        }
        sb.insert(0, prevTokensList.get(j).getToken());
        variants.add(0, sb.toString());
      }
      int len = variants.size(); // prevTokensList and variants have now the same length
      for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {  // longest words first
        int crtWordCount = len - j;
        if (prevTokensList.get(len - crtWordCount).isImmunized()) {
          continue;
        }
        String crt = variants.get(j);
        String crtMatch = isCaseSensitive()
                              ? wrongWords.get(crtWordCount - 1).get(crt)
                              : wrongWords.get(crtWordCount- 1).get(crt.toLowerCase(getLocale()));
        if (crtMatch != null) {
          List<String> replacements = Arrays.asList(crtMatch.split("\\|"));
          String msg = crt + getSuggestion();
          for (int k = 0; k < replacements.size(); k++) {
            if (k > 0) {
              msg = msg + (k == replacements.size() - 1 ? getSuggestionsSeparator(): ", ");
            }
            msg += "<suggestion>" + replacements.get(k) + "</suggestion>";
          }
          msg += "?";
          int startPos = prevTokensList.get(len - crtWordCount).getStartPos();
          int endPos = prevTokensList.get(len - 1).getEndPos();
          RuleMatch potentialRuleMatch = new RuleMatch(this, sentence, startPos, endPos, msg, getShort());

          if (!isCaseSensitive() && StringTools.startsWithUppercase(crt)) {
            for (int k = 0; k < replacements.size(); k++) {
              replacements.set(k, StringTools.uppercaseFirstChar(replacements.get(k)));
            }
          }
          potentialRuleMatch.setSuggestedReplacements(replacements);
          ruleMatches.add(potentialRuleMatch);
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    return toRuleMatchArray(ruleMatches);
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Publish Date November 22, 2014
Three surprising facts about the rabies vaccine
Jillian Knowles, MMS, PA-C
FLORASTOR KIDS
Three surprising facts for clinicians about the rabies vaccine
Whenever a patient presents with an animal bite, it is always a time when you are desperately hoping that the animal: has a known vaccination history, or can be quarantined for 10 days to determine whether or not it begins to show signs and symptoms of rabies.1
Rabies vaccines can be painful and the immunoglobulin administration can involve a lot of needles at one time for the patient. The patient also has to come back at specific times to abide by the vaccination schedule, which can become quite expensive and inconvenient. But unfortunately, during those dreaded times when the animal is unknown and the attack is unprovoked, rabies shots are in order.
So, when my hospital informed me a couple of months ago that they were no longer requiring the fifth post-exposure vaccination, I was surprised and wanted to know what had changed in the protocol. I decided to check CDC guidelines on the matter, and I learned a few other things along the way.
Fact 1: The change in guidelines from five vaccinations to four vaccinations occurred in 2009
It was determined that four vaccines provided as safe coverage as the five vaccine schedule, and therefore the fifth was not necessary.
Although it is still recommended that patients get vaccinated on days 0, 3, 7, and 14, day 28 is only recommended for immunocompromised patients.2 I do not know why my hospital decided to make the switch when it did, but my guess is that it was to ensure proper coverage of any patient that would have an unknown compromised immune system.
Fact 2: Small rodents are almost never found to transmit rabies to humans
"Small rodents (like squirrels, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, chipmunks, rats, and mice) and lagomorphs including rabbits and hares are almost never found to be infected with rabies and have not been known to transmit rabies to humans," per the CDC website.
Racoons, skunks, foxes, coyotes, and bats continue to be the reservoir for rabies, serving to infect other mammals and humans as well.3 I was very surprised by this, as I have had several patients come in for rabies concern after being bitten by rats.
Keep in mind that although rabies is not a concern for the above listed animals, you do need to ensure proper prophylactic antibiotic coverage to prevent infection, as animal saliva is laden with bacteria. (I will also go on to mention that I have gotten a trivia question right after learning what a lagomorph was from this research.)
Fact 3: Side effects from the vaccine are common
I have had several people come back to the ED, because they were experiencing side effects that they attributed to the animal bite or the onset of rabies, when in actuality it was an adverse drug reaction to the vaccine.
Per the CDC, a localized reaction to the injection site is experienced in as many as 30% to 74% of people that receive the vaccine, and as many as 5% to 40% of patients can experience flu-like symptoms such as headache, myalgias, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
In rare instances, patients can experience fever, joint pain, and hives.1 I always make sure to give my patients proper counseling on what to expect when they get the vaccine, and I always give them literature about the vaccine to read at home.
While administering the rabies vaccines still remains low on my list of favorite things to do in the ED, becoming more educated about when the vaccine is warranted and what to expect from it has helped make the ordeal a little easier for both staff and patients alike.
Jillian Knowles, MMS, PA-C, is an emergency medicine physician assistant in the Philadelphia area.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "Domestic Animals." 15 Nov 2011. Available here: http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/exposure/animals/domestic.html
Danes RF. "Health advisory: Revised rabies postexposure prophylaxis protocol – fifth dose of vaccine no longer necessary for most persons. New York State Dept. of Health, 28 July 2009. Available here: https://www.health.ny.gov/diseases/communicable/zoonoses/rabies/2009-07-28_rpep_change_advisory_for_providers.htm
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. "How is rabies transmitted?" 22 April 2011. Available here: http://www.cdc.gov/rabies/transmission/index.html.
All electronic documents accessed Nov. 24, 2014.
Emergency Medicine Vaccines
Ugly battle in the California Academy of Physician Assistants needs mediation
Close more info about Three surprising facts about the rabies vaccine


Dawn M. Lurie advises corporations on a variety of compliance-related issues, particularly I-9 employment verification matters and the minimization of exposure and liabilities. Dawn performs I-9, H-1B and H-2B compliance inspections during routine internal reviews, while performing due diligence (in the context of a merger, acquisition or sale) or while defending a company against a government investigation. In fact, Dawn has defended a number of businesses in high profile, high stakes government investigations involving both criminal and civil liability. She is considered a leading expert on monitoring and compliance issues concerning the government's E-Verify program and also has experience in Office of Special Counsel immigration-related matters and is often brought in to serve as co-counsel for strategic planning purposes in these types of matters. Dawn publishes and frequently lectures on I-9 issues including penalties for failure to act in accordance with government regulations, anti-discrimination laws and employers' responsibilities upon receiving social security "no-match" letters.
Kevin Lashus focuses his practice on corporate employment verification compliance and inbound business immigration. Kevin has experience in providing uniquely tailored advice to assist clients in developing comprehensive employment authorization and immigration-related compliance systems--including full-scale or localized E-Verify implementation protocols. Given his public-sector background and court-room experience, Kevin is able to prepare clients to minimize exposure during even the most complex regulatory, administrative, and civil litigation.


Invulnerablog » Invulnerable Hallowe'en Sale!
It's time for DriveThruRPG.com's annual 33% off Hallowe'en sale. But because we love this spooky holiday so much, we marked Invulnerable RPG: Vigilante Edition down by 50%!
This time of year is all about putting on a silly costume, pretending to be someone you're not, and eating entirely too much junk that's bad for you. More than a little overlap there with playing super hero games … and with being a super hero. Now's your chance!
Friday, October 24th, 2014 at 8:53 PM.


Emily holds her Series 7 and 66 securities registrations through LPL Financial and is a Financial Paraplanner Qualified ProfessionalTM (FPQPTM). This is a designation that includes all aspects of general financial planning concepts, terminology, and product categories to better assist clients. She graduated from Florida Atlantic University with a Bachelor of Science in Business Economics and a minor in Finance. Emily has worked in the financial industry since 2010 and been with the firm since 2011.
Emily is originally from Camden, South Carolina and now resides in Florence with her husband, Matt. She is a member of the Young Professionals of Florence, and since 2010 has been an active volunteer and team captain for the American Heart Association's Heart Walk due to her personal connection to the cause.
Emily has traveled extensively throughout the world and is always looking to add more stamps to her passport. In her free time, she enjoys working out, horseback riding, traveling, spending time with family and friends, and going to the beach.
First Career: Professional dressage rider in Wellington, Florida, which is the mecca for international horseback riding in the United States, and still remains active in the sport today.
A few places she has traveled to include Brazil, Greece, Italy, Germany, Indonesia, and St. Lucia.
Favorite TV Show: Grey's Anatomy.


text:
Q: pipenv not consistant from local to server Im using pipenv to manage my dependencies,
I have the following command working fine on my local machine:
pipenv install --dev
but when I run it on the server I get the following error:
n error occurred while installing pyparsing==2.4.1 --hash=sha256:530d8bf8cc93a34019d08142593cf4d78a05c890da8cf87ffa3120af53772238 --hash=sha256:f78e99616b6f1a4745c0580e170251ef1bbafc0d0513e270c4bd281bf29d2800 --hash=sha256:530d8bf8cc93a34019d08142593cf4d78a05c890da8cf87ffa3120af53772238 --hash=sha256:f78e99616b6f1a4745c0580e170251ef1bbafc0d0513e270c4bd281bf29d2800! Will try again.
     ▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉▉ 237/237 — 00:00:30
Installing initially failed dependencies…
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 1874, in do_install
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       keep_outdated=keep_outdated
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 1253, in do_init
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       pypi_mirror=pypi_mirror,
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 859, in do_install_dependencies
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       retry_list, procs, failed_deps_queue, requirements_dir, **install_kwargs
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 763, in batch_install
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       _cleanup_procs(procs, not blocking, failed_deps_queue, retry=retry)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:   File "/home/ubuntu/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pipenv/core.py", line 681, in _cleanup_procs
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]:       raise exceptions.InstallError(c.dep.name, extra=err_lines)
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ['Collecting pyparsing==2.4.1 (from -r /tmp/pipenv-nfz65sbh-requirements/pipenv-11553m_x-requirement.txt (line 1))']
[pipenv.exceptions.InstallError]: ['ERROR: Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pyparsing==2.4.1 (from -r /tmp/pipenv-nfz65sbh-requirements/pipenv-11553m_x-requirement.txt (line 1)) (from versions: 1.4.6, 1.4.7, 1.4.8, 1.4.11, 1.5.0, 1.5.1, 1.5.2, 1.5.3, 1.5.4, 1.5.5, 1.5.6, 1.5.7, 2.0.0, 2.0.1, 2.0.2, 2.0.3, 2.0.4, 2.0.5, 2.0.6, 2.0.7, 2.1.0, 2.1.1, 2.1.2, 2.1.3, 2.1.4, 2.1.5, 2.1.6, 2.1.7, 2.1.8, 2.1.9, 2.1.10, 2.2.0, 2.2.1, 2.2.2, 2.3.0, 2.3.1, 2.4.0, 2.4.1.1, 2.4.2a1)', 'ERROR: No matching distribution found for pyparsing==2.4.1 (from -r /tmp/pipenv-nfz65sbh-requirements/pipenv-11553m_x-requirement.txt (line 1))']

I have handled pipenv errors before and most were pretty reasonable (clashes between dependency and sub-dependecies), but this one makes less sense to me as I did not specifically installed this package, but rather pipenv added it to the pipfile.lock and it doesnt find that version all together while locally that version is available for some reason.
I dont know which dependency is asking for that specific version either.
Pipfile.lock section:
"pyparsing": {
            "hashes": [
                "sha256:530d8bf8cc93a34019d08142593cf4d78a05c890da8cf87ffa3120af53772238",
                "sha256:f78e99616b6f1a4745c0580e170251ef1bbafc0d0513e270c4bd281bf29d2800"
            ],
            "version": "==2.4.1"
        },

Any ideas?
EDIT:
you can see in the releases for pyparsing that this version does exist. See it here

A: Turns out that pyparsing have deleted a version, which is really weird.
I ended up updating a package (scipy) and it update pyparsing to 2.4.1.1, now works fine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Development of Economy and Politics in Western Europe and Russia: 1450-1750
# 12/13: Compare and contrast the political economic developments in Russia and Western Europe between 1450 and 1750 Between the years 1450-1750 CE Western Europe and Russia have gone through several political and economic changes, though they have existed in different districts of Europe. Both Western European and Russian cultural patterns have been influenced by their enlightenment periods, bringing an era of revolution and economic/ intellectual advancement.
However, though they shared this in common, Western Europe went through the Renaissance, a time of new styles and inventions in secular arts and sciences that challenged popular religion, while Russian was becoming a major European power through Westernization forces brought on by tsars, like Peter the Great. Many of Western Europe's innovations in finance and government started developing during the 14th and 15th centuries in Italy, starting with its first major cultural movement, the Renaissance. The Renaissance was an era of artistic and scientific blossoming in Western civilizations, as a new emphasize was placed on secular subjects and humanism were promoted in these areas. Italy's already urban, commercial environment developed with the cultural movement, as Renaissance merchants improved banking techniques and, unlike their previous medieval counterparts, directly searched for profits. As the focus of the Renaissance drifted from Italy Northward, toward countries like France, England, and Germany, Western Europe developed a fusion of secular interests and religious devotion which brought on a series of other great changes. The conflict between religion and commercialization became more defined in 1517 as German monk, Martin Luther, nailed a series of 95 theses on a Wittenberg church, protesting for the ban of indulgences and challenging the authority of the Pope.
These radical ideas later on became more popularized and Protestant and Catholic reformations commenced. With this came political unrest, as common citizens developed religious intolerance between the different faiths, and began a series of religious wars through the 16-17th centuries, bringing the end of Christian unity in the West. While this was occurring, Western Europe was also experiencing a commercial revolution, which led to inflation and new colonial opportunities which led to greater trading companies, with connections to Spain, England, the Netherlands, and France. Although there were benefits, there were also detriments as well, as the commercialization created a new proletariat, or people without access to wealth producing property. The population and inflated prices of food, forced the lower classes to sell their small portions of land and fall into poverty.
As the population remained in deficiency, many resented the new influences that affected their government and developed a hostile response, similar to Russia's reaction with Westernization. While remaining on another sector of Europe, Russia also experienced new pioneering changes in politics and economics through Westernization and interaction/expansion with foreign territories, such as Central Asia. One of the many similarities between Western Europe and Russia exist in its expansionist politics under their political leaders, Russia's leaders being Tsars. Initially, Russia's tsar, Ivan the Great, had seen Russia's low literacy level and poor economic system dependent on peasant labor and began the revival of his mother country through expansion and reform. Unlike Western empires, Russia's expansion had limited commercial expansion, though it did establish territorial and trading policies in central Asia. This expansion was caused by the movement of Russian peasants and landlords, adding new diversities to the country, making it a multicultural empire, like the Ottoman Empire.
This expansion period reached a dramatic change with Russian Westernization led by one its chief reformist tsars, Peter the Great. Inspired by his travels, Peter the Great brought back many inventions of Western science and technology to shift Russia westward and created his capital, St. Petersburg. Russia's enlightenment period consisted of changes of a more defined military hierarchy, building up metallurgical and mining industries, and reformation of its economy while continuing to use serf labor. One paradigm of Westernization was seen in Peter the Great's order for all men of nobility to cut their beards off, symbolizing the shaving of "old Russia" and growing into a time of advanced education and new cultural styles, reflecting the Renaissance. Furthermore, Peter's ministers created law codes extending throughout Russia and revising the tax system, imposing larger taxes on Russian peasants.
These changes along with the general shift to a more westernized Russia impacted the political tone of its common citizens, a contrast of those in favor of new western influences and those in favor of an original imperial Russia. This trait of the time period reflected Western Europe's religious conflict between the Protestant and Catholic reformations, causing hostility and violence in its society. Despite this period of protest, there was a clearly shown advancement in Russia, as the changes allowed Russia to support an expanding state and empire, a surge in population, social/political development, and Russia's materialization as a great world power. Through the mid 14th century to 1750 CE Western Europe and Russia have both experienced a series of social changes with religious reformation, international interaction, development of commerce and science, and social protest. These changes though occurring in different districts of Europe, illustrate a number of differences and similarities in their economies and politics.
One of the similarities shown is in its transformation of culture as Western Europe's Renaissance adopted modern ideas that progressed technology and arts equivalent to Russia's Westernization. Amid this procession, came commercial revolutions as both areas level of trade rose as it developed new contacts with foreign countries and adapted new products into their product, only Russia's business limited to central Asia. As this alternation in finance, there proved to be benefits as well as victims beginning protest in the middle and lower classes. The difference between Western Europe's and Russia's protests, being that in the West people rebelled against its poverty and difficulty in owning estates while many Russians resented Western influence as its original culture was ignored. However, these countries' economic systems remained unique, for Western Europe's economy expanded through commercialization and introduction of new exotic products through its colonies, while Russia's economy remained dependent on serfs and trade within itself and Asia. In this time period with the rise of Western Europe and Russia with advances in its trade and political/social system through patterns of expansion, social unrest, trading contacts, and the launch of new intellectual values and styles.
Terrorism in Western Europe
JSA: A Club about Debate, Politics, and the Economy
Changes and Continuities In Western European Economy: 1250-1450CE
Religion in Russia vs
Continuities and Changes in Latin American Societies: 1350-1750 2nd Draft
Changes and Continuities in Latin American Societies: 1350-1750 First Draft
A Basic History of Russia


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Tennis: Murray back in Davis Cup frame
FILE PHOTO: Tennis – China Open – Men's Singles – Quarterfinals – National Tennis Center, Beijing, China – October 4, 2019. Britain's Andy Murray reacts after the match against Dominic Thiem of Austria. REUTERS/Thomas Peter/File Photo
(Reuters) – Former world number one Andy Murray has been named in Britain's team for next month's revamped Davis Cup tournament as he continues his encouraging comeback from career-saving hip surgery.
The 32-year-old Scot, who won the European Open on Sunday for his first title in over two years, joins his doubles playing brother Jamie, along with Dan Evans and Neal Skupski in the Leon Smith-captained team.
A fifth member will be confirmed later.
Britain have been pitted in Group E with Kazakhstan and Netherlands for the inaugural 18-team finals in Madrid from November 18-24.
The teams compete in six round-robin groups of three with the six group winners and the two second-placed teams with the best record based on sets and games won advancing to the quarter-finals.
World number one Novak Djokovic will represent Serbia in Group A against France and Japan, while world number two Rafa Nadal is in Spain's team in Group B against Croatia and Russia.
Reporting by Ian Ransom in Melbourne; Editing by Muralikumar Anantharaman


McPherson and Jacobson, LLC is a national firm that specializes in recruitment and placement of school superintendents across the country. The firm has worked in 38 states and has 110 consultants.
Can you define ethics and tell us what it means to you?
"Being an educator, I'm going to quote Warren Bennis, "Managers are people who do things right and leaders are people who do the right thing." Alternatively, good businesses do things right, whereas exceptional businesses do the right thing. I think that ethics is a state of mind and is a belief system. It is who you are and what you believe in.
Do you think there is a difference between ethics and morals?
Is there a formal ethics program within your firm?
Have you ever had employees for whom it was difficult to buy into your culture?
Talk about the ethical culture you mentioned earlier. What is tolerated and what isn't? Any examples?
Have you always done business in Omaha?
If something is not tolerated what happens to the consultants?
The Ethical Omaha Project of the Business Ethics Alliance has identified the Omaha business core values to be the following: Accountability, Community Responsibility, Financial Vitality, Integrity, Moral Courage. Can you elaborate on how any of the above fit your organization and what do they mean to you?
How do you keep all these core values accountable and uphold these values?
Describe an ethical situation in business that was relatively easy to handle.
Why did you call the previous situations ethical? Why not just call it business?
What do you have to say to the people who believe business is money? Is it all about making money?
How did you know this is what you want to do? How did you know you want to be a business owner?
How do you judge the ethical background and character of superintendents?
How do you talk about ethical quandaries in the firm? Is ethics talked about or is it assumed?
Do you have to be a teacher first before becoming a superintendent?
That is interesting. You would think that for a specific field like education, a board would want someone with educational background.
Have you had any ethical mentors and where do you derive most of your ethics? Is it from your parents?
What role does your upbringing play within your company? Do you think it gives you a competitive advantage?
Have you ever placed a superintendent that you regretted or were not happy with?
Now having the BBB Integrity Award, Why is that significant for you?
What is the biggest ethical challenge that faces the younger business professionals today?
Are there any ethical dilemmas, such as a client recommending their friend?
What do you do in the situation where you have an ethical candidate but it ends up being the board that is unethical?


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FOX43 and Members 1st Game Day Charity Challenge 2020 - Week 9
Every Thursday from here on out, Todd and Mike will pick the winners of the NFL games shown on FOX this week. The winner will have money donated to charity.
Published: 8:48 AM EST December 3, 2020
Updated: 8:48 AM EST December 3, 2020
It's Week 9 of the FOX43 and Members 1st Game Day Charity Challenge!
Every Thursday from here on out, FOX43 Sports Director Todd Sadowski and Members 1st Chief Marketing Officer Mike Wilson will select the winner of each NFL Thursday Night Football game as well as every game shown on FOX43.
The win-loss record for both Todd and Mike will be updated each week. You can catch it on FOX43 News at 5 every Thursday evening.
At the end of the promotion, the individual with the best record will have $5,000 donated to his respective charity:
FOX43 - The Salvation Army of York
Members 1st - York County Food Bank


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The Gospel reading yesterday, Sunday, the 22nd Sunday in Ordinary Time, returned us to Mark's Gospel. This, the third Gospel in canonical sequence, but probably the first of the four to be written, is the one most regularly used in the Sunday Lectionary during Year B of the Cycle.
Mark has a keen sense for the ministry of Jesus in freeing people from oppression, both that which comes from within and from without.


Talaiver, M., Malyn-Smith, J. & Serim, F. (2013). Perspectives on Common Core Standards and Workforce Readiness. In R. McBride & M. Searson (Eds.), Proceedings of SITE 2013--Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (pp. 84-89). New Orleans, Louisiana, United States: Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). Retrieved April 24, 2019 from https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/48074/.


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Nerds On Site Investment in Adam Networks Delivering Results
Nerds On Site Inc.
Internet Security Venture demonstrates 10X Growth in Technology Applications
TORONTO, May 8, 2019 /CNW/ - Nerds On Site Inc. ("NERDS" or the "Company") (CSE: NERD) (FSE: 3NS.F) (QTCQB: NOSUF), a mobile IT solutions company servicing the SME marketplace, is pleased to provide an update on its investment in Adam Networks ("ADAMNet") headed by David Redekop, a co-founder of Nerds On Site.
ADAMnet has developed and launched a novel internet security application. ADAMnet's complete solution is a military grade security service that runs on dedicated hardware with maximum flexibility to provide role-specific policies to devices, tracking them throughout one's network without requiring any endpoint software installation.
ADAMnet Highlights:
50,000 endpoints to more than 500,000 protected in the last 12 months
Proprietary (patent pending) endpoint security protocol
All client NERDcare contract implementations incorporate this protocol
"There is not a single publicized Internet security threat over the last 30 years that would have been able to succeed if adam:ONE, our total solution, was deployed on the targeted network, said David Redekop, ADAMnet Founder. "This includes Stuxnet, Wannacry, NotPetya, the Ethereum attack, Equifax Breach etc."
NERDS provided $1 million CAD (approx.), in the form of debt over the last 4 years. The Company postponed interest payments as the technology was under development in exchange for 20% royalty payable to NERDS. ADAMnet's business has advanced to the point where it has begun debt repayments with interest of 8.0% annually. ADAMnet leadership is active in both the USA and Canada in the effort to execute its aggressive growth strategy.
About Adam Networks:
ADAMnet created a ZEROTRUST internet traffic filtering application, that once installed allows the client, even without any substantial IT knowledge to take control of the traffic that comes in and out of the home, small or medium office. ADAMnet has recently begun offering a managed solution available to managed service providers (MSPs) and managed security service providers (MSSPs) with a service level agreement (SLA) to ensure high uptime along with the security offering. Team members now include PhD level system engineers, cloud architects, support, sales & marketing teams.
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Neither the Canadian Securities Exchange nor its Regulation Services Provider (as that term is defined in the policies of the Canadian Securities Exchange) accepts responsibility for the adequacy or accuracy of this release.
Forward Looking Statements - Certain information set forth in this material may contain forward-looking statements that involve substantial known and unknown risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements, including, without limitation, statements regarding future financial position, business strategy, use of proceeds, corporate vision, proposed acquisitions, partnerships, joint-ventures and strategic alliances and co-operations, budgets, cost and plans and objectives of or involving the Company. Such forward-looking information reflects management's current beliefs and is based on information currently available to management. Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "plans", "expects", "is expected", "budget", "scheduled", "estimates", "forecasts", "predicts", "intends", "targets", "aims", "anticipates" or "believes" or variations (including negative variations) of such words and phrases or may be identified by statements to the effect that certain actions "may", "could", "should", "would", "might" or "will" be taken, occur or be achieved. A number of known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors may cause the actual results or performance to materially differ from any future results or performance expressed or implied by the forward-looking information. These forward-looking statements are subject to numerous risks and uncertainties, certain of which are beyond the control of the Company including, but not limited to, the impact of general economic conditions, industry conditions and dependence upon regulatory approvals. Readers are cautioned that the assumptions used in the preparation of such information, although considered reasonable at the time of preparation, may prove to be imprecise and, as such, undue reliance should not be placed on forward-looking statements. The Company does not assume any obligation to update or revise its forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise, except as required by securities laws.
SOURCE Nerds On Site Inc.
For further information: Mr. Charles Regan, CEO of Nerds on Site, Please visit www.investors.nerdsonsite.com, Call 1-877-778-2335, or email IR@nerdsonsite.com.
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text:
namespace CampBg.Data.Models
{
    using System;
    using System.Collections.Generic;
    using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;

    using CampBg.Data.Contracts;

    public class Manufacturer : IDeletable
    {
        public int Id { get; set; }

        [Required(AllowEmptyStrings = false)]
        public string Name { get; set; }

        public string Logo { get; set; }

        public DateTime? DeletedOn { get; set; }

        public bool IsDeleted { get; set; }

        public ICollection<Product> Products { get; set; }

        public bool IsInTopMenu { get; set; }
    }
}


text:
Are we missing non-motor seizures in Parkinson's disease? Two case reports
Andre Y. Son1,
Alberto Cucca1,
Shashank Agarwal1,
Anli Liu2,
Alessandro Di Rocco1 &
Milton C. Biagioni1,3
Journal of Clinical Movement Disorders volume 4, Article number: 14 (2017) Cite this article
11k Accesses
Parkinson's disease (PD) is predominantly recognized for its motor symptoms, but patients struggle from a morbid and heterogeneous collection of non-motor symptoms (NMS-PD) that can affect their quality of life even more. NMS-PD is a rather generalized term and the heterogeneity and non-specific nature of many symptoms poses a clinical challenge when a PD patient presents with non-motor complaints that may not be NMS-PD.
We report two patients with idiopathic PD who presented with acute episodes of cognitive changes. Structural brain images, cardiovascular and laboratory assessment were unremarkable. Both patients experienced a considerable delay before receiving an epilepsy-evaluation, at which point electroencephalogram abnormalities supported the diagnosis of focal non-motor seizures with alteration of awareness. Antiepileptic therapy was implemented and was effective in both cases.
Diagnosing non-motor seizures can be challenging. However, PD patients pose an even greater challenge given their eclectic non-motor clinical manifestations and other disease-related complications that could confound and mislead adequate clinical interpretation. Our two cases provide examples of non-motor seizures that may mimic non-motor symptoms of PD. Treating physicians should always consider other possible causes of non-motor symptoms that may coexist in PD patients. Epilepsy work-up should be contemplated in the differential of acute changes in cognition, behavior, or alertness.
There is a growing recognition and interest of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (NMS-PD). In fact, NMS-PD have been shown to affect patients' quality of life even more than the motor symptoms [1, 2]. A broad and heterogeneous collection of NMS-PD has been observed and groups have described various phenotypes using patterns of NMS-PD [3, 4]. Many NMS-PD are non-specific, can precede motor symptoms, and become more prominent in advanced PD. As such, it can be a challenge to determine if a non-motor feature is actually a part of the NMS-PD or due to another underlying condition. Moreover, some NMS-PD can present acutely and resolve in a recurrent episodic fashion. We report two patients with PD who developed recurrent focal non-motor features that were ultimately diagnosed with non-motor seizures to raise awareness of this particular challenge.
This retrospective chart review was exempt for consent from the local institutional review board. Both patients had a confirmed diagnosis of idiopathic PD established by a Movement Disorders specialist. Neither patient had a personal or family history of epilepsy. Neither patient had a history of deep brain stimulation, traumatic brain injury, stroke, or other brain structural abnormality.
A 64-year-old left-handed woman developed right-leg shuffling and right-hand tremor. She was then diagnosed with idiopathic PD and treated in our movement disorder clinic. At age 70, she started experiencing episodes of protracted confusion characterized mostly by mild forgetfulness and disorientation episodes that lasted few hours along with frequent nocturnal events (violent jerks and screaming). At age 72, after waking up one morning, she was discovered confused, staring, not oriented to place or time, unable to recall large periods of the previous day. This time she was taken to the emergency room. After ruling out metabolic disorders, infections, orthostatic hypotension, and an unremarkable brain MRI, she was discharged with the diagnosis of transient global amnesia (TGA). At age 73, she had an episode of protracted confusion preceded by visual perception of "grid patterns" in bilateral visual fields and an olfactory hallucination though she had been anosmic for many years. She was taken to the emergency room and admitted for further workup. She did not have headache or any focal neurological symptom or focal deficit. Head CT and brain MRI were unremarkable and orthostatic hypotension workup was negative. Two different electroencephalograms (EEGs) were obtained in the following year. One showed independent bilateral temporal spikes and, the second one, left temporal slowing and left anterior epileptiform sharp waves. After the first EEG, she was diagnosed with focal onset epilepsy. Her epileptologist prescribed lamotrigine and a few months later added levetiracetam. The confusional episodes, as well as the nocturnal events, completely resolved. However, despite adequate seizure control, her PD progressed quite rapidly with severe motor deterioration, balance impairment with falls, troublesome dyskinesias and dystonia episodes. She also developed psychiatric manifestations (delusions, hallucinations), sleep disorder and cognitive fluctuations. By her last visit (at age 79), she was seizure free but entirely dependent for her activities of daily living (ADLs) and had moderate dementia.
A 76-year-old right-handed woman initially presented with asymmetric tremor of hands, bradykinesia and limb rigidity. She was diagnosed with idiopathic PD and was treated in our movement disorder clinic. She had no cognitive, sleep, or psychiatric impairments at the time and was independent with her ADLs. At age 82, she began experiencing episodes of protracted confusion and unresponsiveness without recollection of her actions. The episodes lasted anywhere from minutes to hours and she had no focal neurological symptoms or deficits. Over the course of a year, after several office visits and ruling out common causes of acute-onset cognitive changes, such as metabolic abnormalities, stroke, orthostatic hypotension, infections etc., she was evaluated for possible seizures. A video-EEG demonstrated left temporal sharp wave and focal left temporal slowing (Fig. 1a and b). She was diagnosed with focal non-motor seizures with altered awareness and was treated with levetiracetam. Repeat EEG 1 year following initiation of antiepileptic therapy is shown in Fig. 2. The seizure frequency was reduced to one a year for the next 3 years. At her last visit at age 86, she was seizure-free for 1 year, had mild gradual cognitive decline, but remained independent with her ADLs and without any significant PD motor or non-motor complications.
Electroencephalogram of Case 2 prior to antiepileptic therapy. a Left temporal sharp wave; b Left temporal slowing
Electroencephalogram of Case 2. One year post-antiepileptic therapy; right and left temporal slowing
Discussion and conclusions
Here we presented two cases of acute onset, recurrent episodes of confusion due to focal non-motor seizures with alteration of awareness. Despite continuous medical follow-up, both cases experienced a considerable delay to diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy. Case 1 had a delay of 3 years and experienced a faster decline of PD motor and non-motor symptoms with severe disability and dementia while Case 2 had a delay of 1 year.
In the elderly, non-motor seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus are common and their clinical suspicion and diagnosis has always been challenging [5]. A high level of clinical suspicion and supportive electroencephalographic evidence are required to confirm the diagnosis and help to differentiate presentations from other conditions (e.g. transient global amnesia, acute confusional state or delirium).
It is not uncommon for PD patients to have NMS-PD such as cognitive impairment, vivid or violent dreams, paresthesias, visual hallucinations, orthostatic hypotension and syncope, which generate an extra layer of complexity to the clinical interpretations and the differential diagnosis of these acute recurrent episodes (Table 1). To add to the challenge, acute fluctuations of cognition and/or alertness could be the result of diffuse Lewy Body disease [6], a complication of PD characterized by these recurrent episodes. Moreover, other etiologies such as infections, metabolic abnormalities, pharmacological side effects, or vascular events, could elicit an acute confusional state in this vulnerable elderly population [7]. All these factors could confound clinical interpretation and further workup, ultimately delaying or entirely missing an epilepsy diagnosis. While the diagnosis of comorbid epilepsy was made, the etiology of epilepsy in our cases is presently unknown; therefore, our two cases should be considered epilepsy of unknown cause.
Table 1 Clinical phenomenology of Cases 1 and 2 Vs common PD-related non-motor symptoms
In conclusion, when evaluating PD patients with acute cognitive/behavioral complaints, particularly episodes of confusion, we suggest that clinicians consider non-motor seizures and non-convulsive status epilepticus earlier in the differential diagnosis. Electroencephalography work-up should be promptly conducted to aid clinical interpretation. A prompt diagnosis and adequate treatment may influence PD progression and avoid potentially dangerous complications of delaying or missing diagnosis.
ADL:
EEG:
NMS-PD:
Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease
TGA:
Transient global amnesia
Video-EEG:
Video-electroencephalogram
Barone P, Antonini A, Colosimo C, Marconi R, Morgante L, Avarello TP, et al. The PRIAMO study: a multicenter assessment of nonmotor symptoms and their impact on quality of life in Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord Off J Mov Disord Soc. 2009;24:1641–9.
Martinez-Martin P, Rodriguez-Blazquez C, Kurtis MM, Chaudhuri KR, on Behalf of the NMSS Validation Group. The impact of non-motor symptoms on health-related quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord. 2011;26:399–406.
Chaudhuri KR, Odin P, Antonini A, Martinez-Martin P. Parkinson's disease: the non-motor issues. Parkinsonism Relat Disord. 2011;17:717–23.
Pont-Sunyer C, Hotter A, Gaig C, Seppi K, Compta Y, Katzenschlager R, et al. The onset of Nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (the ONSET PDStudy). Mov Disord. 2015;30:229–37.
Brodie MJ, Elder AT, Kwan P. Epilepsy in later life. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8:1019–30.
Varanese S, Perfetti B, Monaco D, Thomas A, Bonanni L, Tiraboschi P, et al. Fluctuating cognition and different cognitive and behavioural profiles in Parkinson's disease with dementia: comparison of dementia with Lewy bodies and Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol. 2010;257:1004–11.
Lubomski M, Rushworth RL, Tisch S. Hospitalisation and comorbidities in Parkinson's disease: a large Australian retrospective study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2015;86:324–30.
AYS's time was partially supported by the NYU CTSA grant 1UL1TR001445 from the National Center for the Advancement of Translational Science (NCATS), NIH. All authors didn't receive any funding or monies for the preparation of the manuscript.
The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU Langone Medical Center – New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Andre Y. Son, Alberto Cucca, Shashank Agarwal, Alessandro Di Rocco & Milton C. Biagioni
NYU Comprehensive Epilepsy Center, NYU Langone Medical Center – New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
Anli Liu
The Marlene and Paolo Fresco Institute for Parkinson's & Movement Disorders, NYU Langone Medical Center, 240 East 38th Street, 20th Floor, New York, NY, 10016, USA
Milton C. Biagioni
Andre Y. Son
Alberto Cucca
Shashank Agarwal
Alessandro Di Rocco
All authors read and approved the final manuscript. AYS provided the design, analysis, drafting and revision of the manuscript. AC performed the drafting and the revision of the manuscript. SA performed the drafting and the revision of the manuscript. AL performed the drafting and the revision of the manuscript. ADR provided a critical revision of the manuscript. MCB provided the design, analysis, critical revision of the manuscript and the final approval.
Correspondence to Milton C. Biagioni.
Need for approval was waived by the local institutional review board.
Son, A.Y., Cucca, A., Agarwal, S. et al. Are we missing non-motor seizures in Parkinson's disease? Two case reports. J Clin Mov Disord 4, 14 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40734-017-0061-3
Non-motor symptoms
Non-motor seizures
Cognitive changes


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Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards is a graphic adventure game, developed by Sierra On-Line and published in 1987. It was developed for the PC DOS and the Apple II and later ported to other platforms such as the Amiga, Atari ST, Apple IIGS, Macintosh, and the Tandy Color Computer 3. It utilizes the Adventure Game Interpreter (AGI) engine. In 1991, Sierra released a remake version titled Leisure Suit Larry 1: In the Land of the Lounge Lizards that used the Sierra's Creative Interpreter (SCI) engine with 256 colors and a point-and-click, icon-driven (as opposed to the original's text-based) user interface, released for the PC DOS, Apple Macintosh, and Amiga.

The game's story follows its player character of a middle-aged male virgin named Larry Laffer as he desperately tries to "get lucky" in the fictional American city of Lost Wages. Land of the Lounge Lizards establishes several elements which recur in the later Leisure Suit Larry games, including Larry's campy attire, perpetual bad luck with women, and penchant for double-entendres. The game's overall plot and basic structure follow that of Softporn Adventure, Sierra's own 1981 Apple II text adventure that did not feature Larry.

Despite a lack of advertising, the game was a sleeper hit and a commercial and critical success. It was followed by a long series of sequels and spin-offs over decades, beginning with Leisure Suit Larry Goes Looking for Love (in Several Wrong Places) in 1988. A second, high-definition remake, titled Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded, was developed by N-Fusion Interactive working with the Larry series' creator Al Lowe and published by Replay Games in 2013.

Plot
The protagonist, Larry Laffer, is a 38-year-old (40-year-old in the 1991 remake) "loser" who lives in his mother's basement and has not yet lost his virginity. Having grown weary of his lonely existence, he decides to visit the resort city of Lost Wages (a parody of "Las Vegas") hoping to experience what he has not lived before and to finally find the woman of his dreams. Larry starts with nothing but an out-of-style 1970s disco-era leisure suit and $94 in his pocket. His quest involves four possible women: a nameless, seedy-looking sex worker; Fawn, a club-goer of low moral fiber; Faith, a receptionist who (true to her name) is faithful to her boyfriend; and Eve, a bathing beauty and Larry's ultimate goal.

Gameplay
Players control Larry's movements with the directional keys and by inputting commands into a text parser (e.g. "talk to man", "open window", etc.). If Larry is too far away from a person or object to comply, or if the command is invalid, a caution message appears with hints on what to do.

The game begins outside a bar in Lost Wages. The city consists of five areas: Lefty's Bar, a hotel-casino, a 24-hour wedding chapel, a disco, and a convenience store. The player can walk between areas that are next to each other, but other areas can only be accessed by hailing a taxi, which costs the player money; failure to do so results in Larry's being mugged or hit by oncoming traffic. During the early stages of the game, Larry can survive most premature deaths. In the original release, a compartment opens beneath Larry's body and takes him to a laboratory where heroes from Sierra's computer games—such as King's Quest—are re-assembled; in the remake, Larry's remains are instead thrown inside a blender and reformed.

Larry's interactions with key women are accompanied by a detailed image of whomever he is speaking with, unlike other non-player characters. With the exception of the prostitute, each of the women shuns Larry at first but responds favorably to gifts of varying sorts. Although it is not possible to woo all of the women, giving gifts is needed to advance to the game's final area, the hotel penthouse. To this end, money is essential to advance through the game. The only available method of augmenting Larry's funds is to gamble in the casino, playing blackjack and slots.

Players are given seven real-time hours (eight in the 1991 remake) to complete the game, at which point a despairing Larry commits suicide, resulting in game over. A prostitute is available as soon as the game starts. Should Larry have unprotected intercourse with her, he will contract a sexually transmitted disease and die shortly thereafter. This fate may be avoided by buying a condom at the convenience store. Larry questions the validity of losing his virginity to a prostitute, but the game resumes without a time limit.

Development and release
Al Lowe, a former high school teacher, had carved a niche for himself at Sierra with his work on such Disney-licensed edutainment titles as Donald Duck's Playground, Winnie the Pooh in the Hundred Acre Wood, and The Black Cauldron, which he wrote, designed and programmed. In 1982, Sierra had released a text-only game on the Apple II titled Softporn Adventure (it was the only text adventure that was released by a company which had established its name on providing a graphical alternative to such games). In 1986, after Sierra lost a Disney license, Al Lowe suggested that Sierra should remake Softporn Adventure with the improved tools now at their disposal, and Ken Williams agreed.

Lowe, who considered the original Softporn Adventure "a primitive, early effort", borrowed its basic structure and added a graphic game engine (Sierra's Adventure Game Interpreter made famous by 1984's King's Quest: Quest for the Crown), improvised humor, and an on-screen protagonist, Larry Laffer. Chuck Benton, creator of Softporn Adventure, is included in the Leisure Suit Larry's end credits, as the game's layout and puzzles are identical to those found in the earlier title. However, Lowe said that in Softporn Adventure "there were no characters in the game. There was no central character at all. There were almost no characters to the women. And so it was a real role-over. I think there's one line of dialogue that I kept of the original game and all the rest was fresh." The game was co-designed and illustrated by Mark Crowe, creator of the Space Quest series, and co-programmed by Ken Williams. An accomplished jazz musician (The Lounge Lizards being a jazz band's name), Lowe also wrote the main theme music (called "For Your Thighs Only"), and some of his compositions appear in later entries of the series. The theme, inspired by Irving Berlin's 1929 song "Alexander's Ragtime Band", was composed within 20 minutes. Lowe said it "sounded so unusual, so different, so fresh compared to most computer game music, that I decided to write something with the same pep, simplicity, humor, and out-of-sync attitude."

Unsure of how the 1987 game would be received, Sierra's management chose to release it with no publicity or advertising budget. Due to its adult nature, the game includes an age verification system consisting of trivia questions that Al Lowe assumed children would not know the answers to. As many of the questions are U.S.-centric, they risked frustrating non-American players. If played today, the questions also include out-of-date cultural references. (One question begins "OJ Simpson is..." and one wrong answer is "under indictment.") In the original AGI version, the age verification screen may be skipped by pressing Alt-X (in the 1991 remake, it is done by pressing Ctrl-Alt-X).

A version of the game with VGA graphics and sound card audio appeared in 1991. Re-titled Leisure Suit Larry 1: In the Land of the Lounge Lizards and using the new game engine Sierra's Creative Interpreter, it was released in 1991 for the Amiga, DOS, and Macintosh platforms. For the first remake, Al Lowe served as director and designer, also helping to program the game, and Ken Williams became executive producer. Other key people included Stuart Moulder (producer), William R. Davis Sr. (creative director), William D. Skirvin (art designer), Mark Seibert (music director), Oliver Brelsford (lead programmer), and the music other than the theme song was composed by Chris Braymen. The suggested standard retail price of the 1991 version was $59.95, but Sierra offered owners of the original game an upgrade to the new game for $25.

Reception

Larrys sales were very poor at first, with only 4,000 copies sold upon its release. Many stores refused to stock the game because of its adult content, which was subject to controversy. Some resellers refused to handle the game, while others refused to advertise it, and one refused to list the game on its list of best sellers. In effect, its first-month sales were lower than any new Sierra product launch in years. A Sierra employee quit and a potential employee refused to work on Larry. Lowe stated, "My initial reaction was that I had wasted six months of my life." Word-of-mouth spread quickly, however, and by the year's end, the game became a commercial success, selling over 250,000 copies. It sold over 300,000 units in total. A significant number of the game's players were female.

According to Sierra's marketing director John Williams, "Obviously lots of retailers were selling lots of Leisure Suit Larry, but no one wanted to admit it." It also became widely pirated, including in the Soviet Union. According to Lowe, a film adaptation was considered and he was flown to Hollywood to demonstrate the game in person. Footage from the game was used in the 1990 music video for Sailor's song "The Secretary". Sierra received what Williams described as a "deluge" of mail opposing its release of Larry after he wrote a series of articles for Computer Gaming World discussing his company and the industry's views on adult software. Leisure Suit Larrys success resulted in a line of sequels and spin-off titles. Combined sales of the Larry series surpassed 1.4 million units by March 1996.

Macworld reviewed the Macintosh version of Land of the Lounge Lizards in 1987, stating that "At its best, Leisure Suit Larry surprises you with clever animations that make you laugh ... And at its worst, the game is offensive ... Larry's idea of an ideal mate is shallow even for a parody ... There are many examples of a fifties mentality that are meant to be satirical but just seem lame." Macworld criticises Leisure Suit Larry's portrayal of women further, stating that it "contributes nothing to enlightened male attitudes towards women." Macworld compares Leisure Suit Larry to Leather Goddesses of Phobos, expressing that Leather Goddesses is "raunchy and humorous" without Leisure Suit Larry's "retrograde" portrayal of women.

Computer Gaming Worlds reviewer Roy Wagner ("a wholesome family man") stated that Larry "is a lot of fun to play and is very humorous ... with good graphics, good design, and good fun provided, who needs 'good taste'?" According to the review by Rob Steele of The Games Machine, the Atari ST version was entertaining and very enjoyable, even if "wholeheartedly sexist". Jason Simmons from Amiga Action opined that the 1991 remake's "advanced graphics and new control system have improved the game by a huge degree", but "without a hard drive it is slow and almost a chore to play" and those who played the original "will probably find the new edition a waste of time and little more than an exercise in pretty pictures." In 2004, Adventure Gamers' Rob Michaud wrote: "Despite its weaknesses, it's a bona fide gaming classic, a must-play for adventure history buffs as well as those who just like risqué humor."

In 1988, Leisure Suit Larry in the Land of the Lounge Lizards was given an award for the Best Adventure, or Fantasy/Role-Playing Program of 1987 by the Software Publishers Association. In 1991, PC Format placed the first three Leisure Suit Larry titles on its list of the 50 best computer games of all time. The editors wrote, "The three Larry games so far plumb new depths in computer entertainment — they're crude, suggestive, full of innuendo and double entendres and designed to appeal to the worst aspects of human nature — you'll love 'em." In 1996, Computer Gaming World ranked it as the 69th best game of all time, also ranking it as the fifth most funny computer game, and stating: "Base, sexist, sometimes scatological humor, with no concessions made to taste or sensibilities, this was the best of a funny series." FHM included it on its 2011 list of six games "that shamelessly used sex to sell" but adding that it was actually "funny, well-crafted, and well-written" and "has become kind of like a cult classic among gaming fans." In 2012, Time named it one of the 100 greatest video games of all time, commenting: "A humor-filled adventure game that wasn't bashful about showing some skin? The world hadn't seen anything like it."

Leisure Suit Larry: Reloaded

Developer N-Fusion Interactive and publisher Replay Games created a modern point-and-click remake of the original game with updated HD graphics, fully vocalized audio, and various enhancements to the original like new puzzles and new characters. The game was developed for Microsoft Windows, Mac OS X, iOS, Android, and Linux, and released on June 27, 2013.

References

External links

1980s interactive fiction
1987 video games
1991 video games
Adventure games
Amiga games
Apple II games
Apple IIGS games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Leisure Suit Larry games
Point-and-click adventure games
ScummVM-supported games
Sierra Entertainment games
TRS-80 Color Computer games
Video game remakes
Video games scored by Al Lowe
Video games set in 1987
Video games set in the Las Vegas Valley
Video games developed in the United States
Single-player video games

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