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Home » Retro Computing » Incorrect DOS version: How to fix it
Incorrect DOS version: How to fix it
If you mess around with DOS long enough, you'll eventually try to run a program and get an error message that says Incorrect DOS version. This means you're trying to run a program designed for a version of DOS other than the one you're running.
The best solution is to run programs under the same version of DOS they were designed to run under. But when you can't do that, as long as you are running DOS 5.0 or newer, you can use the SETVER command to lie to the program and bypass the error check. The program will run, though there is a risk it may not be fully compatible.
Why programs report an incorrect DOS version
If you try to run a program under a version of DOS that's too old or too new, you may get the error message Incorrect DOS version.
As DOS grew and evolved, it gained capabilities that earlier versions didn't have. Some programs would check what DOS version you were running to make sure you were running something new enough. If you were running DOS 2.0 and tried to run a program designed to take advantage of DOS 3.3, the program would give an error message.
The problem was that some programs gave an error message if your DOS was newer than it expected, not just older. In theory, DOS 4.0 and newer should all be backward compatible with DOS 3.3. And in practice it pretty much was. But not all publishers were willing to take that chance.
With DOS 5.0, Microsoft included a utility called SETVER to make DOS 5.0 lie to older software so it would run under the new version. This almost always worked well. So Microsoft continued supplying SETVER with DOS 6, and with the versions of DOS included in Windows 95, 98, 98SE, and ME.
Why standard DOS commands report an incorrect DOS version
But sometimes you get the incorrect DOS version error when you're running a standard DOS utility. Why's that? Most of Microsoft's own DOS commands check to make sure they match the DOS version they originally came with. Some of them, like the EMM386 memory manager and SMARTDRV disk cache, don't, but disk utilities like CHKDSK and the COMMAND.COM command interpreter will. This way, if Microsoft made any changes to DOS, the commands wouldn't get into trouble. It ensured if you made a DOS boot disk with an older DOS version and then tried to run commands from your hard drive containing a newer version of DOS, nothing bad would happen.
The way to prevent these problems is to not mix and match DOS versions. If you want to run DOS 6.22, install a fresh copy of DOS 6.22 from DOS disks and don't copy files from a Windows 95 machine. And if you want a DOS boot disk, build the DOS boot disk from a machine running the specific version of DOS you want.
If you're really careful about what you mix, you can mix and match certain programs to build a chimera DOS with certain attributes you want, but be prepared for lots of trial and error to get it working the way you want.
Using SETVER to lie to DOS programs
If you need to get certain programs to run under a version of DOS they don't want to, you can use SETVER to force it. Add the following line to CONFIG.SYS:
device=c:\dos\setver.exe
Then, add appropriate lines to AUTOEXEC.BAT. Here's one possible example:
setver c:\123\123.exe 3.3
This lies to 123.exe that it's running DOS 3.3. You can either specify the full path, or just an individual filename. Add entries for any program that needs one. After you reboot, these programs will think they're running under a different version of DOS, which may be desirable.
Using the FreeDOS VERSION command
If you use FreeDOS, it doesn't include the SETVER command. But you can issue the VERSION command in config.sys to make FreeDOS report certain version numbers. Simply add the following line to config.sys:
version=6.22
Unlike MS-DOS or PC DOS, in FreeDOS, this command is global. Use a setting of 6.22 to imitate DOS 6.2, 5.0 to imitate DOS 5.0, or 7.1 to imitate Windows 98 in DOS mode. This will allow you to run programs that expect those versions, including utilities copied from that particular Microsoft version of DOS. That's helpful if you like FreeDOS but prefer specific functionality from one of Microsoft's DOS tools.
Those three versions are probably the most useful, but you can use any version you want.
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Satin-look curtain, silky to touch. Ethnic patterns in orange are woven in to give a look which is both contemporary and subtle. Also available with eyelet heading. Several widths available. Length adjustable: iron-on curtain hemming tape supplied. Easy-care.


Apply Cleaner, Let Soak Fifteen Minutes, Rinse – is not what this photo was about, but since it is such a cleverly posed image we could not resist using the title. The picture was in a post-war French magazine which told of the price controls, first imposed in the US by the Office of Price Administration just before World War-II. The action was used to place price ceilings on most products and commodities, and also ration scarce supplies of gasoline, tires, and other items before, during and after the war. The controls would stay in in place until May 29, 1947.
The photo is courtesy of Jerry-Lee who resides in France via the H.A.M.B.
The photo caption with it roughly translates as follows: "Automobile constructors after the war were forced to adopt maximum figures for the sale prices of their standard models. But added improvements justify a higher price: On this Buick built by General Motors the waterproofed motor offers a selling novelty for the manufacturer whose models have hardly changed since 1941″.
The two young women are sitting on the roof of a 1941 Buick trying to drown its engine with a fire hose, and it is not a postwar model as the caption leads one to believe. We have the feeling that this may have been a promotional photo that originated from the automaker and served as a dramatic way to demonstrate a new waterproof ignition system. Since this image presents a good opportunity to explore them, some of the differences between the 1941, 1942 and 1946 Models are covered below.
The 1941 through 1946 Buicks shown here are the end of the prewar turnaround by the Flint, Michigan automaker, which had suffered a large scale setback during the Great Depression. This effort was first started in 1934 by Harlow H. Curtice, who began by making improvements to the straight-eight engine, increased its horsepower, and put performance under the hood of the Buick. The high point of these changes was reached when the Fireball Straight-Eight with twin carburetors was introduced in 1941.
Curtice's next move involving saving Buick was to challenge Harley Earl to "Design me a Buick you would like to own." Earl's Art and Colour Department in turn produced the popular new styling for the 1936 model which resulted in a production run of close to 175,000 units; this was an increase of over 125,000 cars from 1935. We recently took a look at the 1937 Buick that followed it and featured even more popular styling which was held over through the 1938 model run with some minor changes.
The restyled 1942 Buick with the "Fireball Straight-Eight".
The advertising illustrations here show the redesign that was implemented first with the 1942 Buick, just before the outbreak of the war. The new offering styled by Harley Earl's Art and Colour Department introduced an entirely new look featuring fresh front end styling, wider and lower bodies and a few new mechanical changes. Only 16,600 of the new 1942 models were produced before the production line was shut down on February 2, 1942.
At the start of the war Buick's production lines were quickly converted to build Red Cross ambulances, Hellcat Tank Destroyers, Pratt and Whitney aircraft engines and other products for the war effort. At the end of the hostilities, Buick like most automakers, dusted off its prewar tooling, made a few small trim changes and introduced the 1946 model. It in turn served as the basis of the 1947 and 1948 models that followed.
The advertising illustrations are courtesy of Alden Jewell. You can learn more about the history of the automaker at the Buick Heritage Alliance.
Minor changes on the postwar 1946 Buick Special.
This entry was posted in Auto photos 1921 - 1942, Auto photos 1946 - 1965, Uncategorized and tagged 1941 Buick, 1942 Buick, 1946 Buick, 1947 Buick, 1949 Buick, Art and Colour Department, Buick Fireball Straight Eight, Harley Earl, Office of Price Administration, WW II Rationing.
They'll be lucky if that Buick ever runs again! I remember that Ford V-8 85s of that vintage, with the distributor right behind the fan would conk out if you went through a puddle! Given the nature of those distributors, it could take forever to dry it out!
Donald, It appears that "the waterproofed motor" in the caption of the photo may refer to a Buick innovation with a system that did away with this problem. Perhaps a Buick enthusiast of this period may know more?
The title "Warm engine, Apply cleaner, Let soak fifteen minutes, Rinse" refers to a product that was popular in the fifties for cleaning auto engines and or other machinery that became coated with an oily grime. It worked pretty well but you had to protect the ignition and carburetor.
Which is what we patterned our title after.
This photo begs for a caption contest. Maybe, "The girls had a zero-tolerance policy for engine spiders." Or, "They'd heard that if you run out of gas, prime the carburetor – FAIL!" Next caption anybody??
If I recall correctly Buick had a metal cover that ran the length of the head that covered the spark plugs. The plug wires entered the cover at the center bottom of the cover. While being 'splash proof" it was by no means "water proof" Just my opinion.
Wayne is correct. The cover did a good job, but was not foolproof. Early in my driving days, I had a '48 Super, and changed the spark plugs. I developed a minor miss, which was finally solved when I realized one plug wire was pinched by that cover instead of feeding through the small center flareout on the bottom side of the cover. So, you see, I was the fool who proved it!
I don't see Buick using that image for an advert. They wouldn't have selected a vehicle with a dented right front wing, with a replacement spear. Looks more like a leftover that survived the Big Dub.
It is by all means possible, but on such a low quality photo it is hard to say for sure that is actually a dent with certainty.


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Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC): Mixed Growth amid Heightened Uncertainty
SINGAPORE APEC STUDY CENTRE SEMINAR
The seminar will discuss findings from the latest APEC Regional Trends Analysis (ARTA)—the flagship publication of the APEC Policy Support Unit. It will begin with economic and trade trends in the APEC region during the first half of 2018: this period was marked by continuing economic growth amid a backdrop of heightened uncertainty due to escalating trade tensions and a new normal of higher global interest rates. The region is expected to maintain robust growth in 2018, but growth is projected to moderate in 2019‒2020. The balance of risks has tilted to the downside due to prolonged and heightened policy uncertainty and trade tensions as well as higher inflation, greater-than-expected China slowdown, and episodes of financial market volatility. On the upside, growth potential could come from a continued pick-up in global economic activity translating to sustained strength in domestic consumption.
It will then discuss the ARTA theme chapter on Digital Productivity Paradox. Digital technology has improved by leaps and bounds, making productive tasks easier and more efficient. But despite these advances, economists have observed a downward trend in labour productivity growth in the past two decades. The discussion explores why improvements in digital technology are not translating to labour productivity growth, finding that industrial-era institutions and policies may need to be adjusted for a digital economy. It points to the importance of structural reforms, infrastructure development, and reskilling to adapt to the digital age.
Mr Emmanuel A. San Andres
APEC Policy Support Unit, Singapore
Emmanuel A. San Andres is an Analyst of APEC Policy Support Unit (PSU). His research focus is in the areas of economic development and inclusive growth, human capital development, and labour and employment. He has also done studies on urbanisation, remote area development, and tourism.
Prior to joining PSU, Mr San Andres was an Economics Officer at the Economics and Research Department of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) in Manila mainly working on poverty, inequality, food security, and social sector issues such as health, education, and employment. He also worked as a consultant for ADB, World Bank, and various non-government organisations. He has conducted research on migration and remittances, economic development, taxation, and public policy. He holds a Master of Arts in Economics and a Bachelor's degree in Economics from the University of the Philippines School of Economics.
Ms Rhea C. Hernando
Rhea C. Hernando is a Researcher of APEC Policy Support Unit (PSU). Her research focus is in the areas of macroeconomics, trade and investment, financial markets and monetary policy, and women's economic participation.
Prior to joining PSU, Ms Hernando was a Bank Officer at the Department of Economic Research of the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), working on financial markets and monetary policy. She also worked as a policy evaluation officer and researcher at various academic, international, and government institutions. She holds a Master of Arts in Economics and a Bachelor's degree in Business Economics at the University of the Philippines School of Economics.
For registration, please fill in this form and email to iseasevents3@iseas.edu.sg by 8 February 2019.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Mecalux News >
Jokey grows with the addition of a high throughput automated warehouse in France
Mecalux will build an automated warehouse for pallets for the international plastic packaging manufacturer Jokey. The warehouse, which will have a storage capacity of more than 7,400 pallets and will stand 22 m high, will be linked to the production plant via conveyors. Operations will be run by the Easy WMS warehouse management system of Mecalux.
The automated warehouse will consist of three 79 m long storage aisles with double-depth racks on both sides and ten load levels. A single-mast stacker crane with telescopic forks will circulate in each aisle to gain access to the second pallet in all the storage locations.
Goods flowing from production will be transferred to the automated warehouse crossing a raised overpass containing conveyors that will free up space on the ground floor. Lifts will be installed on both ends of the overpass to take pallets to the corresponding level so that they flow onto the conveyors again.
A transfer car will be set up in the preloading area. Its job will be to deposit pallets ready to be shipped out on one of the 20 live conveyor lines, capable of sorting up to 12 pallets according to their destination or route. All of this is managed by the Easy WMS warehouse management software implemented by Mecalux.
Founded in 1968, Jokey Group is one of the primary plastic packaging manufacturers for food and non-food related products internationally. With a team of more than 1,900 employees, the company owns and operates 15 production centres around the world and serves customers in more than 80 countries, offering high-quality and 100% recycled packaging. Its professionalism has been recognised by the EU Commission, on more than six occasions, as one of the 500 fastest growing European businesses.
Contact us so we can help you find the most adequate solution.
Ornua Ingredientes will be renovating its logistics facilities in Spain
Groupe Mousset will manage two warehouses in France with Mecalux Easy WMS
Vector Motor Control Ibérica will optimise its warehouse with Mecalux software
The logistics operator for technology companies will install Pallet Shuttle
It is a solution that optimises the storage space at Almenara Mall


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The Volvo I-Shift is an automated manual transmission developed by Volvo subsidiary Volvo Powertrain AB for Volvo Trucks and Volvo Buses, with 12 forward gears and 4 reverse gears. It became available for trucks in 2001 and later buses in 2004.

Design
Technically the I-Shift is an unsynchronised parallel-shaft gearbox, with an electronic control unit, responsible for operating the pneumatic system that handles the clutch and shifts. It constantly receives information about vehicle speed, acceleration, weight, road grade, torque demand and more, and can adjust revs and engine brake effect. The I-Shift uses different software for different type of application.

The I-Shift has no clutch pedal. It is controlled either by a gearstick mounted on the driver's seat or by buttons on the dashboard, just like a standard automatic gearbox. With the gearstick, the driver can use buttons to manually select gear, although this feature is disabled on some vehicles (where the gearstick has no buttons).

The different versions of the I-Shift are named AT (Automatic Transmission) or ATO, where the O stands for overdrive. The standard versions have a gear ratio of 1:1, while the overdrive has a ratio of 0.78:1, suitable for long-distance use. The numbers show maximum torque in hundreds of newton metres, plus 12 for the number of gears. The last part of the name is a letter showing its generation, with C for Euro III and IV, D for Euro V and EEV, and E and F for the Euro VI version.

Known versions
 AT2412C, AT2512C, AT2812C, ATO2512C, ATO3112C
 AT2412D, AT2612D, AT2812D, ATO2612D, ATO3112D, ATO3512D
 AT2412E, AT2612E, AT2812E, ATO2612E, ATO3112E, ATO3512E

I-Shift Dual Clutch
In June 2014, Volvo Trucks presented a new dual-clutch version of the I-Shift, known as SPO2812, with overdrive and a maximum torque of 2800 N·m. The dual-clutch version is only available for trucks up to 540 hp.

The I-Shift Dual Clutch has two input shafts which are alternatively connected to the engine through two clutches. When driving, the first gear is engaged by one input shaft while the other one pre-selects the next gear. At the actual gear change, the previously engaged clutch is disengaged as the idling clutch is engaged at the same time. This results in a Powershift and seamless transfer of power.

I-Shift with Crawler Gears

In 2016, Volvo launched a new member of the I-Shift family, the I-Shift with Crawler Gears. The new gears, which are added to the automated transmission, provides exceptional startability for trucks carrying heavy loads and can start from standstill for up to 325 tonnes of GVW.

The I-Shift with Crawler Gears adds 1 or 2 Crawler Gears as optional, the first one has a low crawler gear with a 19.38 to 1 ratio and the second one has an ultra low crawler gear with a 32.04 to 1 ratio, they also enable to drive as slowly as 0.5 km/h.

References

I-Shift
I-Shift
Automatic transmission tradenames

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Dunalley (20.9km)
26%Dunalley (20.9km)
0mm (0mm Last Hour)Dunalley (20.9km)
Wind NW
24.1km/h (31.5km/h Gusts) Dunalley (20.9km)
4 °C Dunalley (20.9km)
1004 hPa Dunalley (20.9km)
10.3 °C Dunalley (20.9km)
0 Hobart Airport (24.1km)
Updated 6 mins ago (20.9km away)
Wettest (Last Hour) 7.8mm
Coconut Island, QLD
Maatsuyker Island, TAS
Lowest Pressure 985.1hPa
Flinders University, SA 5042
Nyora, VIC 3987
-3 Adelaide, SA 5000
Bunbury, WA 6230
Mackay, QLD 4740
Mount Eliza, VIC 3930
Gorokan, NSW 2263
Umina Beach, NSW 2257
Nugent Weather Forecast
Today 30 Jan East Coast
Hot to very hot, and sunny. Winds west to northwesterly 35 to 50 km/h shifting east to southeasterly 15 to 20 km/h in the evening. Overnight temperatures falling to between 13 and 18 with daytime temperatures reaching 30 to 35.
Fri 31 Jan East Coast
Very hot. Mostly sunny day. Slight (30%) chance of a shower at night. Winds northwest to northeasterly 15 to 25 km/h tending north to northwesterly 25 to 35 km/h in the middle of the day then tending northwesterly in the evening. Overnight temperatures falling to around 14 with daytime temperatures reaching the low to high 30s.
Sat 1 Feb East Coast
Cloudy. Very high (90%) chance of rain. The chance of a thunderstorm in the morning and afternoon. Winds northwesterly 25 to 40 km/h tending northwest to southwesterly 15 to 25 km/h during the day then tending northeast to southeasterly 15 to 20 km/h during the evening. Overnight temperatures falling to between 19 and 22 with daytime temperatures reaching 24 to 29.
Sun 2 Feb East Coast
Partly cloudy. Slight (30%) chance of a shower in the morning. Winds west to southwesterly 15 to 20 km/h tending west to northwesterly 15 to 25 km/h during the morning then becoming westerly 25 to 35 km/h during the day. Overnight temperatures falling to between 8 and 13 with daytime temperatures reaching between 17 and 23.
Nugent weather forecast issued today at 2:07 am. Next forecast at approx. 3:07 am. 1-Day3-Day5-Day
Hobart (Mt Koonya) Radar
Nugent Temperature Statistics View More
ORFORD (AUBIN COURT) (20km)
Lowest 1 January, 2020
Highest 4 January, 2020


Rhett is an old friend of mine from Dallas.
My band Radish, and his band, The Old 97's, used to stomp around the streets and stages of Deep Ellum in the late '90's. This album features the pedal steel wonders of Rich Hinman. The album opens with a song me and Rhett wrote, called "Lost Without You". She's a goooood'n!


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Q: How do I reorder nodes in an UltraTree? I've got a class that looks like this:
public class GeneralStatusInfo
{
    public List<string> List_BLNumber { get; set; }
    public List<POInfo> List_PONumbers { get; set; }
    public List<string> List_Pickup { get; set; }
    public List<string> List_Origin { get; set; }
    public List<string> List_Destination { get; set; }
    public List<string> List_NotifyName { get; set; }
    public List<AppmntInformation> List_Appointments { get; set; }
}

When I bind the data like this:
List<GeneralStatusInfo> statusBind = new List<GeneralStatusInfo>();
statusBind.Add(status);
utGeneralStatusInfo.DataSource = statusBind;

SetupTree(status);

It puts my parent nodes in a different order:
 Appointment
 P/O Number
 B/L Number
 Origin
 Pickup
 Notify
 Payment
 Destination

How do I reorder the nodes so they appear in the same order that I have them in my class?

A: You have to make your own IComparer. Something like this:
public class  GeneralStatusInfoMemberOrderComparer: IComparer
{
    public  GeneralStatusInfoMemberOrderComparer()
    {
        memberOrdermemberOrder.Add("B/L Number",0);
        memberOrdermemberOrder.Add("P/O Number",1);
        ///
        /// add more items
        ///
    }

    private bool sortAlphabetically=false;
    private Dictionary<string,int> memberOrder  = new Dictionary<string,int>();

    public bool SortAlphabetically
    {
        get{return sortAlphabetically;}
        set{sortAlphabetically = value;}
    }

    int IComparer.Compare(object x, object y)
    {
        string propertyX = x as string;
        string propertyY = y as string;

        if (sortAlphabetically)
        {
            return propertyX.CompareTo(propertyY);
        }
        else
        {
            int orderX= memberOrder.ContainsKey(propertyX) ? memberOrder[propertyX] : -1;
            int orderY= memberOrder.ContainsKey(propertyY) ? memberOrder[propertyY] : -1;
            return orderX.CompareTo(orderY);
        }
    }
}

And then just set SortComparer property of your UltraTree instance:
ultraTree1.SortComparer = new GeneralStatusInfoMemberOrderComparer();

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Attacked Bangladeshi humanist blogger Bonya Ahmed delivers 2015 Voltaire Lecture
Bonya Ahmed has delivered the 2015 Voltaire Lecture, hosted by the British Humanist Association, in London tonight to a packed audience of fellow humanists and free speech advocates. Bonya is a Bangladeshi blogger and writer who alongside her husband Avijit Roy was attacked by Islamists with machetes in Dhaka in February. Avijit was murdered and Bonya suffered serious wounds. A number of other bloggers, including Washiqur Rahman and Ananta Bijoy Das, have also been killed in similar attacks.
Bonya gave a moving speech in which she outlined her life with Avijit, who set up Mukto-Mona ('Freethinker'), the first online humanist community in Bangladesh; the attack on her and her husband which took his life; and the grave situation that the humanist community in Bangladesh faces, as Islamists work their way through a list of bloggers, murdering them on the streets one by one.
In her lecture, Bonya repeatedly asked, 'How did it come to this? How did we end up with murders in the streets, and what is the wider context for this series of assassinations of humanist intellectuals, writers and bloggers?' She took the audience through the history of Bangladesh, the laws used to persecute the humanist bloggers, the repeated caving in of the Government to the demands of Islamists, and the need for bravery in the face of attack. She quoted one of Avijit's blogs, where he wrote 'Those who think victory will be realized without any bloodshed are merely living in a fool's paradise. We risk our lives the moment we started wielding our pens against religious bigotry and fundamentalism…'
Closing the speech, Bonya said:
'Sometimes, especially in the past few months, I have thought about my own feelings — my own loss and outrage, so real and important to me — and how these feelings contrast with the careless, indifferent, value-less universe in which we live. This contrast between human value, and the careless universe, is of course one of the great challenges of, and to, Humanism. How can we cope with this paradox in our own minds?
'In two ways, I believe! First, is to realize that this weightlessness, this valuelessness of "the view from nowhere", of the careless universe, is a nothing! A zero! And therefore, it is nothing to worry about! What we are left with is us, ourselves: my thoughts and feelings, my losses as well as my triumphs, the meaning in my life, these are all important, because they are all that counts.
'And it makes no sense until we extend this realization as far as it will go in the human family. It is not just ourselves, but each other, every trafficked slave, every murdered writer, every lost and lonely mind, that are important and have value. We know this in theory, but we must, right now, in this world on the brink of so many extraordinary outrages, reach out across international borders, extend our personal circles of care and empathy to include everyone — every human being — fully and confidently as a person of moral worth. In Bangladesh they are fighting machetes with pens and this is the only way we can celebrate Avijit's, Ananta's life. This is one of the twenty-first century challenges of Humanism.'
The speech was followed by a discussion with the Chair, BHA President Jim Al-Khalili, and questions from the audience.
Reacting to the speech, BHA Chief Executive Andrew Copson commented, 'Freedom of thought, speech and expression is one of the most fundamental human rights that we enjoy and yet it is also one that is most consistently under attack all around the globe. Bonya's powerful and moving testimony speaks to the bravery that is needed in many parts of the world to be able to speak out as a humanist in a way that we take for granted here in the UK. We will continue to support individuals like Bonya, Asif Mohiuddin and their fellow bloggers, and work with our international partners to end blasphemy laws worldwide.'
For further comment or information contact BHA Director of Public Affairs and Campaigns Pavan Dhaliwal at pavan@humanists.uk or on 0773 843 5059.
Support the End Blasphemy Laws campaign: http://end-blasphemy-laws.org/
This year's lecture was recorded and will be uploaded to youtube.com/britishhumanists soon. A full transcript of Bonya's lecture has also been made available.
The Voltaire Lectures Fund was established by the legacy of Theodore Besterman, biographer of Voltaire, for lectures on 'any aspect of scientific or philosophical thought or human activity as affected by or with particular reference to humanism.' The British Humanist Association now oversees the fund. Previous Voltaire lecturers have included: Professor Sir David King, Professor Anthony Grayling, Professor Steven Pinker, Professor Brian Cox, Professor Richard Dawkins, Baroness Wootton, Professor Robert Hinde, Kenan Malik, Natalie Haynes, Lord Taverne, and Sir Ludovic Kennedy. It is always chaired by the President of the BHA.
The British Humanist Association is the national charity working on behalf of non-religious people who seek to live ethical and fulfilling lives on the basis of reason and humanity. It promotes a secular state and equal treatment in law and policy of everyone, regardless of religion or belief.


Hello! Today, I have an amazing interview to share with you that will show you how to work from home selling on Amazon FBA. I recently had the chance to interview Jessica Larrew of The Selling Family, who explains how this may be a possibility for you. She is a friend of mine and I am blown away by her success!
The first year that Jessica's family ran their Amazon FBA business together, working less than 20 hours a week total, they made over 6 figures profit!
Check out the interview below for more information on how to work from home selling on Amazon FBA.
Jessica also has a FREE 3 part video series that will help people understand all of the basics of this business. I recommend signing up for it now!
Please give us a little background on yourself, how you started selling on Amazon FBA, and how it's going for you right now.
My journey to becoming an online entrepreneur was one that had been a dream of mine for a few years, I just wasn't seriously pursuing it when it really took off. At one point I had a blog about saving money as a twenty-something and I talked about couponing. The couponing actually led to me having a small side income selling on eBay. At that time, I was newly married and in my early twenties. So I was selling simply as a hobby. I liked to coupon and I liked to go to yard sales, so having an outlet for the stuff, that also made money, was a huge bonus. I actually got really good at finding stuff for eBay.
So, when I was let go from my job in 2008 (at 23) I decided to pursue selling online full-time. I had heard of others making a full time income on eBay, so why couldn't I? That weekend I took my last paycheck and went to yard sales to buy inventory for eBay. I was able to replace my previous income within just a couple of months.
After about a year selling yard sales / thrift store finds on eBay, I really wanted to scale up this business, but the more money I tried to make, the more time I had to spend on the business. Everything I listed had to be done from scratch and I had to ship each and every order myself. I was in a few Facebook groups with other eBay sellers and started to hear talk of people making money on Amazon and not having to do a lot of the work that comes with eBay.
I tried my hand at selling books on Amazon in the summer of 2010 and quickly realized it wasn't for me. But later on in the year, I tried "retail arbitrage" (which I will cover in the section) on Amazon and was HOOKED! I was selling stuff that I bought from a regular store and Amazon was doing all of the individual order processing. It was fabulous.
From that point, I knew that selling on Amazon was what I would be doing for a long time, and could make good money at. So I made it my mission to make enough to replace my husband Cliff's income so he could be at home with me and our brand new baby! It was almost exactly 1 year to the point that he was able to quit his job (that he hated). When he left his job, I had replaced the almost $5,000/month that he was making working 40+ hours a week. And I was only working at night and weekends when he was able to be home with our son.
Our first full year of selling together full time, we brought in almost $300,000 in sales. Netting us close to $100,000 in profit. What a life changing year that was for us. We were living the dream (and still are) of working from home, and spending quality time with our son.
It has now been over 5 years for me being full time as an online entrepreneur and I love it more every day. Our Amazon business has definitely transformed over the years as we get into new niches and find new ways to get inventory. But the basis of it all is still pretty much the same. Buying stuff on discount, and reselling it for a profit. Our goal has never been to be the biggest Amazon sellers out there, so we like to maintain the income of a few thousand dollars a month and then we really go into hustle mode for the fourth quarter where we can usually make $25,000+ in just a couple of months. This really holds us over the rest of the year so we don't have to spend too much time on the business.
What exactly is an Amazon FBA business? Can you explain this more for those who have no idea?
Basically, you have an online store, that is ran by Amazon. You are in charge of finding your own products to sell. That is what differentiates you from other sellers.
Once you have inventory to sell. That is sent to an Amazon fulfillment warehouse, where they will store it for you until it sells. Once the product has sold on the Amazon website, the warehouse employees pack that item into a shipping box and send it off to the customer. If the customer needs help with their order, they ask Amazon.
If you are a buyer on Amazon, you may or may not have even noticed that there are multiple sellers on the items you are looking at purchasing. Anytime that an item says sold by anyone other than Amazon, it is a 3rd party seller like me. That's why there are often multiple prices for each item. The ones that say "sold by xyz and shipped by Amazon" are sellers who are using the FBA (Fulfillment By Amazon) system. If a seller is using the FBA program, all of our items become available for prime shipping. Meaning anyone with a Prime account gets free 2 day shipping. This is a huge advantage as a seller!
The reason that it is so appealing to sell on the Amazon site, rather than starting your own ecommerce site is you get to use the credibility and advertising that Amazon already has. They spend a lot of money to bring customers to their platform and once buyers buy, they become very loyal!
People with start selling on Amazon FBA can grow a business without having to have employees or warehouses or anything like that, because Amazon does the heavy lifting!
The way we run our FBA business is by doing something called "retail arbitrage". We buy products from retail stores and then resell them on Amazon. Filling in the gap of products that Amazon does not have in stock, but people want. There are other ways to source inventory, but that is our focus and what we teach as the best way to get started.
What stores do you typically go to?
During the main part of the year, we source (find inventory) in a couple of different ways. The main one is that we buy from local "liquidation stores". These are discount retailers where we buy products the manufacturers no longer want to sell. So we get them at a discount. So, Big Lots or Grocery Outlet would be examples. The products are discounted and we are able to resell them at or above the old "retail" price, while still making a profit.
We also do some sourcing from retail stores. With retail stores we focus on items on clearance. We love to shop at Drug Stores and buy off of the clearance rack. If we can buy something for 75% off and then sell it for the retail price, we end up making about 2x our investment in profit. My favorite drug stores are Walgreens and Rite Aid.
We use a scanning app on our phones (need to have an Amazon seller account to use them, but Amazon Seller is one). We scan the barcodes on products that are discounted. The app will then tell us how much it is selling for on Amazon, what the best sellers rank is, how many people are selling it and some other things. This will let us know if that product is profitable because it will show how much we would receive as a "payout" if the product sold. We can add the cost of our item and it will calculate it including our cost, so we can see the profit on the item as well.
Once we know if a product is profitable, we are able to make a choice if it is something we want to sell or not. There are times when something is profitable, but Amazon is selling it. We don't like to compete with them, so we may pass. Or, an item may be profitable, but have a really high rank, so we don't get it. There are a lot of little things that go into the decision making process, but those are the basics.
Since most of the products that we sell are already being sold on Amazon by other people, we try to price competitively with them so we will get sales as well. Amazon has what is called a buy box, which is the seller being featured at the time you look at the item. The seller will rotate with other sellers so that everyone in a price range will be featured and get sales. So, we don't want to price so high that we get moved out of the rotation. We also don't want to come in too low, and price others out of the rotation. If we do, they would have to lower their price and then it just starts a downward price spiral. Good for the customer, bad for the sellers.
The pricing decision really happens when we make the initial purchase. We know from the app that we can make a profit at the current price. If not, we don't buy. If we can, then we price at that same price.
How much can a new Amazon FBA business owner expect to make? How much can a person expect to make around one year after they start?
This question is a little tricky, because it isn't like a job where you can set an hourly wage, work a certain amount of hours and then get paid that amount.
With selling on Amazon FBA, the amount of money that you make is going to depend mostly on how many items you are selling. In order to sell items, you have to purchase them with "out of pocket" money. So, a seller who comes to Amazon and starts investing thousands of dollars right away into inventory will be making more money than someone who only has hundreds of dollars to invest.
One way to estimate how much you will make is to take your starting investment amount. If you don't take a profit out of the business in the first 3 months, and keep reinvesting the money after products sell, you should start to consistently make that much in profit and be able to take it out of the business after the third month. You would reinvest money from sold items, and have profit. If you need to pull profits out right away, it gets trickier and takes a lot more time because you are pulling out money and waiting for things to sell.
What do you like about selling on Amazon FBA?
My absolute favorite thing about selling on Amazon FBA is that it gives me the freedom to choose when I want to work, and how much money I want to make. If I want to spend a lot of hours and money buying more and more inventory, I can do that. Then I will make more money. If I want to work fewer hours, and only buy certain amounts of inventory. I get more time with my family, or to do other things I enjoy.
We really hustle in the 4th quarter so that we can take a lot of time off in the rest of the year. So we choose when and how we want to grow the business.
There is no one telling me what I have to do or when. As long as I am following the rules Amazon has in place, I am good to go. No boss, or time clock to punch.
This is also something that our whole family can do together. My husband and I source for products together. Our son helps us label them (when he feels like it). I work the computer, and Cliff does the packing. Sometimes even my mom helps us out when we have a lot to do.
How can a person start their Amazon FBA business?
This is probably one of the easiest businesses to start. In terms of money needed and supplies. We have a 3 part video series that is free that will help people understand all of the basics of this business. Help them find some items in their house that could possibly be resold on Amazon and then getting set up with a seller's account.
The three main aspects of getting started are setting up your seller account. Finding inventory to sell on Amazon. And getting those products listed and shipped to Amazon.
If someone wants to test out how it works, they can grab some new in box items from their house and type them into the Amazon website to see what they are selling for on Amazon. It's always surprising how much new stuff most people have in their homes. It can often be sold for the regular price paid and sometimes even more.
Then you would set up an Amazon seller account and send those products to the warehouse.
If you want to try the process out in a store, you would need to set up a seller account on Amazon and then download the Amazon Seller app. Check out items in the clearance aisles and see what they are selling for on Amazon by scanning the barcodes into the app.
How much does it cost to start this type of business and how much on a monthly basis to maintain it?
Inventory – you spend as much as you want. What you invest will determine how much you make. The types of products you get and their ROI (return on investment) will affect the speed at which you are seeing profits.
Shipping Supplies – There are bare necessities like boxes, packing tape, product labels and shipping labels that you have to have in order to send products to Amazon. The recurring need once you had the basics, could be less than $10/month for supplies like this.
There are other services that can be used in the business that are subscription based, but they are not necessities and you can run the business without them. I love using tools to make life easier, so as people start to make more profits I recommend adding in tools to help increase productivity.
Lastly, are there any other tips that you have for someone who wants to try selling on Amazon FBA?
Amazon is talked about in a way that makes it sound like it could be too good to be true. Even I said here that it is one of the easiest businesses to start. But the thing is, it takes a lot of dedication to make this business be profitable. You don't need a lot to get started, that's the easy part.
We get emails from people who decide after just a few days that this is too much work. It's really important to see this as an actual business. It's not a make money online type business where you put up a site and are done. Inventory has to be sent to Amazon all the time, in order to be selling all the time.
You can get to the point where you have systems down and don't have to put in as much effort as you do in the beginning. But it takes time to get there. The outcome is totally up to the seller. If you want to make a few hundred dollars a month, you can do that with just a few shopping trips and sending things in once a week or so. If you want to make thousands of dollars, it's going to take more hours.
So, just go into this knowing that it is a real WORK from home business!
Also, I mentioned above that there are many ways to run an FBA business and that can often be overwhelming to people as they get started. If you find yourself spending more time researching different ways to do things, and no time actually doing them, just pick the way that sounds the most appealing to you. If that doesn't work after a decent amount of time THEN try another way. But, don't try them all at once.
The reason we teach retail arbitrage is because it has the lowest barrier to entry. It's how we grew our business and a main way we source today.
Now, I know you offer products to help others create successful Amazon FBA businesses. What can a person learn from your products? Can you tell us about some of the people who have successfully purchased one of your products?
We have one main course that is for people who want the quickest way to start an Amazon business, without any of the guesswork. That is our Amazon Boot Camp. We take you from point A – the idea of having an Amazon business. To point B – having sales on Amazon. We even take you past that point and cover things that come up after your first sales. The goal of the course is to make sure you have a solid understanding of the way things work and have a great foundation to build on. Sellers come to us sometimes after having just tried to figure it all out on their own, and are surprised at the things they just didn't know. You don't know what you need to know right?
We cover everything from account set up. Using scanning apps and knowing how to read the information. Finding products to sell using 4 different methods. Sending your products to Amazon. Account management of your seller account. And more.
We have had people from all different backgrounds and skill levels coming in to our course. One lady we met in person started selling on Amazon simply to be able to buy a new car and pay the payment and the insurance. She met that goal quickly and is actually making a few thousand dollars a month now.
Another mom wanted to pay her daughter's college tuition, and didn't know another way. So she started selling on Amazon FBA and was able to pay that almost $1,000 a month payment just with her Amazon earnings. Then she stopped when her daughter graduated.
We also have students who have been with us over a year now and are making well over $100,000 a year by selling on Amazon FBA.
Now that our course has been around for a couple of years, it is cool to see that people have replaced their old incomes and quit their past jobs. And some of our students make way more than we ever have on Amazon.
Once someone is established and making money on Amazon, we have courses that will help them expand into many different niches and ways of doing business.
Click here to check out these courses for more information on selling on Amazon FBA.
I hope all of you enjoyed this interview! At over 3,500 words, it is a long and informative one. Are you interested in learning how to work from home selling on Amazon FBA?
Join the Sell Like Hotcakes course!


text:
The Downtrodden Sex
In 1920, the year women were given the right to vote, this column argued it was unfair that women now had equal voting rights as men without the same potential military draft obligations.
In this the newly enfranchised female citizen enjoyed a distinct advantage over the male. The latter must with his citizenship assume military and other burdens, while his sister is called upon to assume no unpleasant and dangerous duties as compensation to the State for the advantages that citizenship undoubtedly confers. To that extent citizenship to women is all gain and no loss.
Whether men were then — or are now — "the downtrodden sex" (to use the 1920 column's title) can be debated. But those aforementioned facts remain the same. All U.S. men, but not women, are required to register for the Selective Service upon turning 18. I remember doing so myself, my senior year of high school. The stated rationale was always that men could serve in combat roles while women were legally barred, but in 2015 the Defense Department opened all combat roles to women. Yet the military draft rules remained unchanged.
A federal district court struck down the male-only draft as unconstitutional in February 2019, but the policy hasn't actually ceased because the Selective Service says it can't change absent congressional legislation. In March 2020, the National Commission on Military, National, and Public Service — a bipartisan advisory group created by Congress in 2016 to advise the legislative branch on military matters — officially recommended that Congress add women to the draft. The commission's recommendation was put on the backburner, though, as the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown occurred the very next week.
The real news this month about a national military draft law comes not from the U.S., but South Korea. The country requires 20 months of military conscription for all men between ages 18 and 28, but 28-year-old Jin from the boy band BTS was granted a two-year extension until age 30. Nice work if you can get it.
Other laws cited by the 1920 article as more burdensome to men have since ended. For example, the column mentioned that many states only allowed men to be called for jury duty. By 1968, all states allowed women to be called for jury duty as well, when Mississippi became the last state to do so.
Published: Sunday, December 12, 1920
Jesse Rifkin
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