text:
Longeveron Receives Prestigious NIH Small Business Innovation Research Grant
Bernie Siegel's WORLD STEM CELL SUMMIT BLOG, News and Press Releases
Grant will be applied to Longeveron's Aging Frailty stem cell research
MIAMI, Oct. 18, 2018 – Longeveron LLC, a biopharmaceutical company that develops stem cell therapies for aging-related diseases, announced that the company has been awarded a $3.8 million Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) for its research to develop stem cell therapies for Aging Frailty. The NIH SBIR program funds early-stage health and life science companies creating innovative biomedical technologies.
Aging Frailty is a geriatric syndrome of multisystem physiological decline distinct from normal aging that heightens vulnerability to adverse and serious health conditions in older people. It affects 10% of those 65 and older and there is currently no FDA-approved treatment.
"We are very excited to receive this recognition from the NIH and to apply the grant to the clinical research of our Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as treatment for Aging Frailty. There is growing awareness in the geriatric community to diagnose and treat this condition, as it is not an inevitable consequence of aging. We believe a biologically-driven cell-based therapy could have a major beneficial impact," said Joshua Hare, M.D., Longeveron Co-Founder and Chief Science Officer.
"With the aging of the United States population, Aging Frailty is a growing clinical and public health problem, requiring novel ways to avert this condition. Treatment with MSCs is a potentially highly promising approach," said Marco Pahor, M.D., director of the University of Florida Institute on Aging, and site Principal Investigator at the University of Florida for Longeveron's Phase 2B Aging Frailty trial.
"Frailty is highly prevalent among older veterans. Research has shown that this condition is associated with significant disability, healthcare utilization, morbidity, and mortality in older adults. Stem cell therapies represent a significant advance in reducing the burden of frailty in our veteran population," said Jorge G. Ruiz, M.D., F.A.C.P., Associate Director for Clinical Affairs, Geriatric Research, Miami Veteran's Administration Medical Center, which is also a Phase 2B Aging Frailty trial site.
Longeveron's MSC product is derived from the bone marrow of young, healthy adult donors. In 2017, Longeveron published positive Phase I and Phase 2 clinical studies in the Journals of Gerontology that evaluated the safety and efficacy of its Mesenchymal Stem Cells in patients with Aging Frailty. The company is now recruiting for an expanded Phase 2b Aging Frailty study.
Longeveron is also recruiting for a Phase 1 Alzheimer's trial, and Phase 1 and 2 trials to evaluate the safety and efficacy of its stem cells for improving flu vaccine immune response in Aging Frailty patients.
"The pathophysiology of Aging Frailty includes increased inflammation that can promote systemic tissue damage. Mesenchymal stem cells have potent anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative properties, and have the potential to meet a great unmet medical need by directly addressing the biology of aging," Dr. Hare said.
About Longeveron
Longeveron (www.longeveron.com) is a regenerative medicine therapy company founded in 2014. Longeveron's goal is to provide the first of its kind biological solution for aging-related diseases, and is dedicated to developing safe cell-based therapeutics to revolutionize the aging process and improve quality of life. The company's research focus areas Aging Frailty, the Metabolic Syndrome and Alzheimer's Disease and gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the National Institutes of Health, the Alzheimer's Association and Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund. Longeveron is also conducting a Phase 1 trial to study Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, a rare indication that affects infants, supported through a grant from the Maryland Stem Cell Research Fund.
For more information about the clinical trials Longeveron is sponsoring, visit ClinicalTrials.gov or Longeveron's website www.longeveron.com


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Thinking About Starting a Private PT Practice? Read This First
It can be tough, but luckily there's a better option.
Thinking about starting your own private PT practice? With the right resources, support and mindset, it is possible. Of course, like any business endeavor, starting your own PT practice comes with its own unique set of hurdles. What's one of the best ways to prepare yourself for what lies ahead? Learn from those who have already decided to pursue a similar path.
Here's one inspiring story about a mom of three who went from working full time in a clinic to becoming her own physical therapy business owner.
Meet Jennifer: PT and Supermom
After working in an outpatient orthopedic clinic for eight years, Jennifer Warner decided to start a family with her husband in San Jose. While she was out on maternity leave, one of her PT patients reached out with a request. He wanted to know if she would be willing to do some PT work with him in his home. From there, the word got out—one patient grew to two, and two grew to three. Before she knew it, Jennifer had started her own private PT practice.
"It all sort of happened organically through word of mouth," said Jennifer. "The orthopedic clinic I'd been working at before was out of network, and people were mostly paying cash. It was definitely serving a higher income bracket patient population, which helped when I first started out. I knew that if I was going to make it on my own, I didn't want to deal with the headache of insurance companies or authorizations. So, I made my business strictly cash-based."
Jennifer continued to provide care in this way, keeping her business small and serving a narrow patient population. Her business brought in a little extra spending money for her and her family, and she appreciated the opportunity to get out of the house for patient appointments. She wasn't terribly busy, but this was mostly by design.
"I had three kids and was constantly juggling babies," said Jennifer. "Also, I was never super career driven. I've always been more family driven."
Trouble in Paradise: Filling the Patient Pipeline
Seven years later, Jennifer's life circumstances had changed. Her kids were getting older and were in school for the majority of the day. She had an opportunity to get out of the house a bit more and was ready to work more hours. The problem? She was struggling to attract new patients.
Jennifer had done her due diligence in the marketing department. She created a website to communicate her services to potential patients, attended a few health and fitness fairs in town, and even hosted a free foam rolling workshop at her local fitness studio. But she had trouble keeping her patient pipeline filled.
"If we're doing our job well as PTs, we should be churning patients out every six to eight weeks," said Jennifer. "You can't just fill up your client roster once and cross your fingers for a sustainable business. To survive, you need to keep generating new patient referrals, and going out to sell myself to doctors or other referral sources was never a strength of mine."
Enter Luna: A New Way to Be a PT Business Owner
Seven years into private PT practice ownership, Jennifer came across an ad on Facebook for Luna, a company reimagining the physical therapy experience. She liked the idea of having the support of a team to generate patients. She decided to reach out and learn more.
"It was instantly intriguing to me," said Jennifer. "I was excited about the idea of being apart of a new way of doing physical therapy. I'd worked in home health PT before, but it always involved a ton of paperwork—I did not become a PT to do paperwork."
Now, Jennifer works with Luna to fill her patient pipeline. As a Luna physical therapist, Jennifer no longer needs to worry about patient marketing or booking, time-consuming documentation or billing. She uses her PT knowledge to treat a diverse patient population and sets her own schedule.
"I could never go work at a clinic again and get tied down to those hours. I also couldn't go back to being entirely on my own," said Jennifer. "I love the autonomy that Luna provides me. I set my own schedule and base my hours around when my kids have activities. I can also take off a day or two when I need to without having to worry about my business falling apart."
Are you thinking about starting your own private PT practice? You don't have to do it alone. With Luna's dedicated team by your side, you can spend more time doing the things you love and less time stressing over the things you don't.
Learn more about finding independence and control as a Luna physical therapist.
Get to Know Our Therapists: Jenn Gutierrez, MSPT
Win a Weekend Getaway to Napa Valley or Venice Beach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


I just started a week-long vacation from both of my jobs. The moment I stopped working on Friday afternoon, I noticed my brain immediately thinking of several work-related things, causing me some anxiety.
I've noticed this same pattern over the past four years where I would take a vacation but my mind would still be at work.
So I've started thinking about what we could do to stop thinking about work on vacation and actually take a vacation that is restful and rejuvenating. The five points below are what I came up with.
The first thing I think we have to start with is getting really super curious about what's going on in our minds. What exactly are you thinking about when you're on vacation? We have to start with getting curious about our minds because we cannot change anything without fully understanding it first. Getting curious means being willing to take a look at what's going on in that brain.
One of the ways we can find out what's going on in our brain is to ask ourselves a question, such as "what am I thinking right now?" and writing down everything that comes up. Don't try to only write down the thoughts you like. Write it all down. No one will be grading this. It's only for you. If you want, burn it afterward. The point is to take everything out of your brain and put it onto paper where you can see it clearly outside of your own head. From there, you can gain more awareness over it and begin to become more familiar with it. This is especially useful when you feel anxious and you're not sure why or it feels as if you're being bombarded by thoughts against your will.
Once you've emptied out your brain, look at each sentence and ask yourself if it's a thought or a fact. Facts will be completely neutral and they won't contain adjectives. Facts can be verifiable by other people. Could someone else witness it? Then it might be a fact.
Thoughts contain adjectives, judgments, interpretations, and stories about those facts. It's what we're making the facts mean.
For example, a fact might be "meeting with a client next Tuesday." It's completely neutral. A thought about it might be "I need to prepare for that." Can you see how they're different? Meeting with a client next Tuesday is a completely neutral circumstance. What I think about it is that I need to prepare for it.
Once you've gotten all of the thoughts onto paper, go through and highlight all of the facts. Then, go through again, looking at just the thoughts you've identified, and ask yourself how you feel when you think that thought. I like to write it down next to the thought. Then start asking yourself what kinds of actions you take when you feel that way and what results do you get when you take those actions?
This may seem like a long drawn out process, but set a timer for five or ten minutes and try it out. The point is to find out what you're thinking about when you can't stop thinking about work on vacation.
When we start to find out what we're thinking about, we may be kind of horrified by what we uncover. It's okay. Nothing's gone wrong. It's just a thought. Remember gaining awareness is the first step in changing our minds, and that means we may uncover some things we don't really like. It might be tempting to avoid it when we don't like what we find. But I encourage you to stay curious about it. You're not a bad person for thinking anything. It's all just thoughts.
Next, we can set some boundaries around our own minds. This might look like committing to a schedule for when you will check work email or when you will allow yourself to think about what's coming up when you return from vacation.
With those boundaries in place, we need a solid commitment to them. What's a boundary without committing to it? The point of the boundary is to free your mind up by assuring it that you'll get to it later.
Lastly, have compassion for yourself. Even with the boundaries, the curiosity, the writing and an increased awareness, we may still find our minds gravitating towards thinking about work on vacation. It's okay. The brain is just doing its thing. It's used to thinking about it. It's really efficient at it. Nothing's gone wrong. It's just thoughts. Again, get curious about it and notice it. "That's interesting I'm thinking about work again." And let it be there.
The points in this article aren't a magic bullet. It's like a workout for your brain, something that takes time and effort. The practices listed above have drastically increased the quality of my life and my mental health overall, so I encourage you to try it, whether the problem is thinking about work while on vacation or any other problem you might be experiencing.
If you're like to learn more about these topics, check out the resources. And if you'd like to talk about this, please get in touch! I would truly be honored.
Web designer & developer learning to redesign my mind through self-coaching, meditation, and writing. Passionate about seeking truth, healing, and understanding.


Trevi series glazed porcelain tile is a beautiful addition to our Builder's Collection floor tile. Stylish, yet affordable, Trevi boasts an attractive cross cut travertine appearance with the durability and low maintenance of porcelain tile. Trevi is available in 3 earth tones and 3 sizes - 13x13, 12x24, 18x18 - and coordinating 2x2 mosaics.


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AuthorBrentlinger, William Brock (1)Crecelius, Samuel A. (1)Geer, William Carter (1)Oehler, Kelly (1)Perry, Lowell G. (1)Silverman, Sidney M. (1)Tade, George Thomas (1)Till, Gwendolyn R (1)Williams, Lloyd L. (1)Wiseman, Ira Gordon (1)SubjectBarriers to Medical School (1)Career Choices (1)Communication in education. (1)Computer-Mediated Communication (1)Ear--Diseases--Diagnosis. (1)First-generation college students--United States. (1)Hearing aids. (1)Human information processing. (1)Income. (1)Indiana University at Indianapolis. (1)View MoreDate Issued2015 (1)2014 (1)2013 (6)2012 (2)
The Department of Communication is one of the largest academic departments in the College of Arts and Sciences, with nearly 400 undergraduate majors and a moderately-sized master's degree program. The department offers programs of study in Public Relations, Journalism, Electronic Media, and Human Communication. The MA program offers advanced studies in these areas. With seven tenured or tenure-track faculty members and nearly twice as many lecturers and adjunct faculty, the department boasts a broad range of training, talent, and teaching experience.
Prescription for Doctors: An Interpretive Analysis of Messages Portrayed By Websites Targeting Potential Medical Students
Oehler, Kelly (2015-01-07)
This study examined communication about medical professional career decisions as depicted by 10 popular websites. Qualitative research methods, phenomenology and hermeneutics, were used to investigate these messages. Findings revealed a differencebetween medical community authors and layperson authors. Authors associated with the medical field shared overall positive messaging while authors not associated with the medical field leaned toward a negative presentation of information. The divide was most prominent when the role of advising was introduced. Topics discussed in the research included making the choice to enter the medical profession, level of intelligence of medical students, personality traits, financial incentive, continued education,and life after graduation. The results of this study provide implications for future research for examining a possible connection between messages portrayed by popular search results and America"s physician shortage. A detailed discussion of findings and suggestions for further research is presented. The author"s own experience is incorporated into the analysis.
The Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Student Perceptions of Instructional Communication Behaviors
Crecelius, Samuel A. (2014-03-12)
In spite of desegregation and efforts to provide equitable education for all students, minorities and students living in poverty continue to underperform their peers. Education theorists have attributed this achievement gap to a cultural mismatch between students and their teachers and schools. At the same time, instructional communication research has found that cultural differences may influence student perceptions of teacher communication behaviors and that these behaviors have an effect on learning outcomes. Interestingly, while race has received extensive study in the instructional communication literature, little research has examined the role of socioeconomic status on students' perceptions of instructor communication behaviors. The current study attempted to bridge this gap by examining the extent to which a student's family income and first generation college student status affect perceptions of teacher nonverbal immediacy, clarity, and credibility. Data were derived from surveys completed by students enrolled in an entry level communication course and analyzed using multivariate methods. No significant effects were observed; however, a review of effect sizes suggests that family income may influence students' perceptions of their instructor's communication behaviors. While nonsignificant, these findings contribute to existing instructional communication research and provide some empirical evidence for the conceptual framework on which the study was based. Further research is recommended to establish a greater understanding of these phenomena.
An Introduction to and survey of the field of foreign missionary radio broadcasting
Brentlinger, William Brock (2013-04-09)
The boyhood influences reflected in Ernie Pyle's life and writing
Silverman, Sidney M. (2013-04-09)
A survey of the radio units of colleges and universities throughout the United States
Wiseman, Ira Gordon (2013-02-28)
An evaluation of commercially available equipment used in speech correction and hearing therapy
Geer, William Carter (2013-02-11)
The establishment and the organization of a radio department for a small liberal arts college
Perry, Lowell G. (2013-01-17)
Planning the community radio station for Livingston, Tennessee
Tade, George Thomas (2013-01-11)
The place of educational broadcasting in the commercial radio stations throughout the United States
Williams, Lloyd L. (2012-08-17)
The relationship between receiver apprehension and listening styles in students at Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis.
Till, Gwendolyn R (2012-04-24)
The purpose of this research was to determine the relationship between receiver apprehension(RA),an anxiety-related construct associated with inadequate information processing capability,and listening style in the context of the college classroom.Two of the four hypotheses tested indicate no relationship exists between the varibales.One hypothesis indicated a negative relationship between the varibales,and one hypothesis could not be tested due to insufficient data.Additional research needs to be conducted to determine if relationships do exist between these varibales.


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require_relative 'baseItem'

class RPG::Enemy < RPG::BaseItem
  def initialize
    super
    @battler_name = ''
    @battler_hue = 0
    @params = [100,0,10,10,10,10,10,10]
    @exp = 0
    @gold = 0
    @drop_items = Array.new(3) { RPG::Enemy::DropItem.new }
    @actions = [RPG::Enemy::Action.new]
    @features.push(RPG::BaseItem::Feature.new(22, 0, 0.95))
    @features.push(RPG::BaseItem::Feature.new(22, 1, 0.05))
    @features.push(RPG::BaseItem::Feature.new(31, 1, 0))
  end

	def getDiff(obj)
		diffs = super
		diffs << "Battler Name changed" if @battler_name != obj.battler_name
		diffs << "Battler Hue changed" if @battler_hue != obj.battler_hue
		@params.each_with_index { | p, idx | diffs << "Parameter [#{idx}] changed" if p != obj.params[idx] }
		diffs << "EXP changed" if @exp != obj.exp
		diffs << "Gold changed" if @gold != obj.gold
		@drop_items.each_with_index { | i, idx | diffs += i.getDiff(obj.drop_items[idx], idx) }
		@actions.each_with_index { | a, idx | diffs += a.getDiff(obj.actions[idx], idx) }
		return diffs
	end

  attr_accessor :battler_name
  attr_accessor :battler_hue
  attr_accessor :params
  attr_accessor :exp
  attr_accessor :gold
  attr_accessor :drop_items
  attr_accessor :actions
end

class RPG::Enemy::DropItem
  def initialize
    @kind = 0
    @data_id = 1
    @denominator = 1
  end

	def getDiff(obj, idx)
		diffs = []

		unless(obj)
			diffs << "DropItem [#{idx}]: New entry"
			return diffs
		end

		diffs << "DropItem [#{idx}]: Kind changed" if @kind != obj.kind
		diffs << "DropItem [#{idx}]: Data ID changed" if @data_id != obj.data_id
		diffs << "DropItem [#{idx}]: Amount changed" if @denominator != obj.denominator
		return diffs
	end

  attr_accessor :kind
  attr_accessor :data_id
  attr_accessor :denominator
end

class RPG::Enemy::Action
  def initialize
    @skill_id = 1
    @condition_type = 0
    @condition_param1 = 0
    @condition_param2 = 0
    @rating = 5
  end

	def getDiff(obj, idx)
		diffs = []

		unless(obj)
			diffs << "Action [#{idx}]: New entry"
			return diffs
		end

		diffs << "Action [#{idx}]: Skill ID changed" if @skill_id != obj.skill_id
		diffs << "Action [#{idx}]: Condition Type changed" if @condition_type != obj.condition_type
		diffs << "Action [#{idx}]: Condition Param 1 changed" if @condition_param1 != obj.condition_param1
		diffs << "Action [#{idx}]: Condition Param 2 changed" if @condition_param2 != obj.condition_param2
		diffs << "Action [#{idx}]: Rating changed" if @rating != obj.rating

		diffs.unshift("changed") unless diffs.empty?
		return diffs
	end

  attr_accessor :skill_id
  attr_accessor :condition_type
  attr_accessor :condition_param1
  attr_accessor :condition_param2
  attr_accessor :rating
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


She can't act, can't sing and can't get away with trying to associate herself with real music. The society that hates black people doesn't get to lay claim to our music. Our music is NOT community property, it is ours. These other people need to STAY IN THEIR LANE!


text:
Un distributore di gomme da masticare è un distributore automatico che eroga gomme da masticare a pagamento.

Storia
Sebbene nel 1888 fossero già stati costruiti dei distributori automatici che erogavano gomme da masticare sotto forma di bastoncini o blocchetti, i primi moderni distributori di gomme risalgono probabilmente al 1907, anno in cui furono ideati dalla Adams Gum Co. (oggi Cadbury) e distribuiti inizialmente negli USA. Nel 1923, la Norris Manufacturing Company lanciò la sua linea "Master" di erogatori cromati di gomme da masticare che furono venduti anche lungo gli anni trenta dello stesso secolo. Questi distributori potevano accettare centesimi o nichelini. La Ford Gum and Machine Company, un'azienda del villaggio di Akron (New York) fondata nel 1934, è un'altra fra le prime industrie specializzate nella fabbricazione di macchinette di gomme da masticare negli Stati Uniti e i suoi esemplari avevano un caratteristico colore lucido e cromato. I distributori di gomme della Ford Gum furono acquistati da organizzazioni come Lions Club e Kiwanis International. La Northwestern Corporation, che vendeva inizialmente dei fiammiferi, iniziò a vendere dei distributori di gomme da masticare "Northwestern" nel 1933. In seguito, la stessa attività venderà altri esemplari conosciuti come Model 60 e Model 80.

Descrizione
Di solito, un distributore di gomme da masticare è costituito da un recipiente trasparente (in plastica o vetro) che si trova sopra una base metallica. Sull'estremità del contenitore vi è un tappo metallico con una serratura che può essere rimosso al fine di mettere le gomme da masticare nella macchinetta. Ogniqualvolta viene inserita una moneta nell'apposito scomparto e viene ruotata una levetta di 360 gradi, il distributore rilascerà una gomma da masticare attraverso una piccola apertura. Molte macchine di gomme da masticare seguono un meccanismo semplice e che non può essere visto. Tuttavia, alcuni esemplari hanno meccaniche più elaborate che possono sfruttare l'energia potenziale oppure l'elettricità per far rotolare la gomma attraverso rampe e percorsi visibili dall'esterno fino all'uscita.

Note

Bibliografia

Voci correlate
 Distributore automatico
 Gomma da masticare

Altri progetti

Gomme da masticare
Macchine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
US 7th Cir.
TONYAN v. DUNHAM ATHLEISURE CORPORATION
United States Court of Appeals, Seventh Circuit.
Angela TONYAN, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. DUNHAM'S ATHLEISURE CORPORATION, Defendant-Appellee.
Decided: July 20, 2020
Before Easterbrook, Brennan, and St. Eve, Circuit Judges. Peter M. Reinhardt, Attorney, Carol N. Skinner, Attorney, Bakke Norman, Menomonie, WI, for Plaintiff-Appellant Thomas John Davis, Attorney, Eric J. Pelton, Attorney, Kienbaum Hardy Viviano Pelton & Forrest, PLC, Birmingham, MI, for Defendant - Appellee
Angela Tonyan worked as a store manager at Dunham's Athleisure Corporation (Dunham's) when she suffered a series of injuries, requiring multiple surgeries and temporary restrictions to her shoulder, arm, and hand movement. After her doctor imposed permanent restrictions, including one preventing her from lifting more than two pounds with her right arm, Dunham's fired her.
Dunham's asserts, because of its lean staffing model, that store managers must perform various forms of physical labor, such as unloading and shelving merchandise, as essential functions of their job duties. Tonyan, on the other hand, argues that physical tasks were not essential functions of her job and that, in any event, she was able to perform her job's essential functions.
We conclude that physical tasks were essential functions of Tonyan's job. As a result, in light of the severe restrictions on her movement, no reasonable factfinder could determine that Tonyan was capable of performing the essential functions of her position. We therefore affirm.
I. Background
A. Dunham's
Dunham's, a discount sporting goods retailer, employs a business model designed to cut costs. Dunham's purchases or leases minimal space and stores merchandise in a way that maximizes its use. To do so, it places some merchandise—such as canoes and kayaks—on shelves ranging from five to twelve feet high or hangs them from the ceiling. Roughly half of the inventory sits at or above shoulder height for the average employee, who uses garment hooks to remove merchandise placed beyond shoulder reach.
Similarly, Dunham's toils to keep labor costs low. Each store has a budget for both hourly and salaried employees based on the particular store's sales volume. Dunham's contends that "[p]roviding stores with sufficient staff hours—with management regularly engaged in principal tasks—is necessary to ensure customers are assisted and inventory is unloaded, handled, and displayed in a timely manner." When a manager cannot perform the requisite physical tasks on a regular basis, Dunham's allocates additional hours to the store for other employees to handle those tasks, which, Tonyan concedes, impacts the efficiency of the staffing model. In particular, the store in Menomonie, Wisconsin, where Tonyan worked at the time of her dismissal, relies on students as a source of hourly labor. Students, though, typically have limited availability and positions sometimes remain empty. As Tonyan admits, a resulting labor shortage can delay merchandise inventorying and an employee's ability to respond to customers.
B. Job Duties
Corporate management agreed physical labor was a significant part of Tonyan's job duties, although they varied when describing specifics. District Manager Jeremy Gilson, Tonyan's direct supervisor, estimated Tonyan may have spent up to twenty percent of her day performing manual labor, and up to thirty percent on days when trucks delivered merchandise. Executive Vice President for Human Resources Daniel Cieslak gave a higher estimate: he claimed Dunham's expected Tonyan to spend seventy to eighty percent of her time performing physical labor. Employees have several tools at their disposal to assist with physical tasks, including hooks, pallet jacks, dollies, stools, ladders of varying sizes, and four-way wheeled carts.
The record contains two job descriptions for "Store Management," one from August 2011 and one from September of that same year.1 They vary only slightly. Both identify similar areas of responsibility, such as customer service, sales volume, scheduling, merchandising, human resources, training, and general maintenance. The August 2011 version, which Tonyan signed, lists these "essential functions" as:
Constantly: Stand, Walk, Reach Outward, Handling/Fingering.
Frequently: Reach Above Shoulders, Squat or Kneel, Lift/Carry up to 50 lbs., Push/Pull up to 50 lbs.
Occasionally: Sit, Climb, Crawl, Lift/Carry 51—100 lbs. with assistance.
Not Applicable: Lift/Carry over 100 lbs. without assistance. 2
The September 2011 version, which contains no signature, differs in only one substantial way: it requires that a manager frequently "Lift/Carry" forty pounds instead of fifty. Neither job description instructs managers how to complete the required tasks, as Dunham's allows and expects store managers to delegate some duties. The Human Resources ("HR") Department created the 2011 job descriptions by modifying a version from 2008 using field research, store observation, and interviews with store managers.
These job descriptions applied not only to Tonyan, but also to Reed Lein, Tonyan's assistant store manager, and Elizabeth Sand, the department manager for apparel. Lein performed physically demanding duties sixty to seventy percent of the time, including placing and pulling merchandise on and off shelves and organizing boxes. Lein is over six feet tall and at least fifty percent of the store merchandise sat above his shoulder. Likewise, Sand reported often engaging in physically demanding tasks, including taking kayaks and treadmills to customers' cars. The store managers preceding Tonyan—Jane Campbell and Lucas Henning—also performed physical tasks. Importantly, Tonyan does not dispute any of these characterizations.
Tonyan, though, says her role involved much less physical labor than Dunham's suggests. She contends she had five areas of responsibility: customer service, sales, controlling expenses, controlling shrink, and store maintenance. In her view, only ten percent of her duties were physically demanding, though she admits this contradicts the expectations of corporate management. She frequently delegated physical tasks, especially those involving heavy lifting.
C. Tonyan's Injuries and Physical Limitations
Dunham's hired Tonyan as an assistant store manager at its Rice Lake, Wisconsin store in 2007. She injured her left arm in 2009, resulting in left rotator cuff surgery in 2010. Dunham's accommodated temporary restrictions on her left arm after her injury and surgery. In 2011, Dunham's promoted Tonyan to manager of its Menomonie location while these initial temporary restrictions were in place. In January 2012, Tonyan's physician—Dr. Floren—placed permanent restrictions on her left shoulder: lifting limited to fifteen pounds overhead and sixty pounds to her waist, and reaching above the shoulder limited to only occasionally.
Tonyan's injuries plagued not only her left side; they eventually impacted her right as well. At some point in 2013 or 2014, she injured her right shoulder while using a fabric pole to hang jackets. Her condition deteriorated to the point where she could no longer lift her right arm. In June 2014, she had right shoulder surgery and began leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act, 29 U.S.C. § 2601–2654 ("FMLA"). Tonyan returned to work in September, with restrictions including a one-pound lifting limit and a prohibition on reaching forward or above her shoulder with her right arm, among others.
Before long Tonyan aggravated her right shoulder again—this time while pushing a computer terminal away from a wall. As a result, in January 2015, she endured a second right shoulder surgery and started another round of FMLA leave. Tonyan's doctor cleared her for returning to work with several restrictions on her right arm, including a mandate to wear a sling for several hours a day and a lifting limit of five pounds. Dunham's, however, did not allow Tonyan to return to work, citing that she could not lift even a ream of paper.
In May 2015, Tonyan's doctor imposed new temporary restrictions, including a four-hour daily work limit, a one-pound lifting limit, and a bar on reaching above the shoulder. Dunham's again determined that these restrictions were too severe for accommodation and allowed Tonyan to take time off for additional recovery despite her having exhausted her FMLA leave.
Tonyan finally returned to work in August 2015, after her doctor removed her hours restrictions and cleared her to lift fifteen pounds overhead with both hands and reach above the shoulder with her right arm. Upon returning, though, Tonyan complained of "excruciating" pain. Lein performed many of her job duties during this time, such as lifting, loading, and unloading larger items. Tonyan was visibly in pain while performing physical tasks and would sometimes make audible noises like "ouch, ouch, ouch." Gilson requested and received an allocation of additional hours to the store because Tonyan was unable to perform physical tasks. On one occasion, her store hired someone to take on additional hours.
In September 2015, Tonyan injured her right shoulder while pushing a "light cart" with shirts on it. Later that month, Tonyan told her physical therapist she struggled pulling stuffing out of shoes and taking plastic off clothing, and the therapist noted that Tonyan was unable to lift one pound overhead without pain. Over the next few weeks, Tonyan reported several additional complaints to her physical therapist: she struggled to control the steering wheel of her car, lift one pound overhead, wash her hair, hold a blow dryer for more than two minutes, sweep, vacuum, and carry a bag.
Dr. Thomas O'Brien examined Tonyan for the purpose of a worker's compensation claim in October 2015. He concluded that none of Tonyan's job duties "are of sufficient magnitude or duration to cause any type of rotator cuff injury," and that Tonyan therefore did not require activity restrictions. He also noted that her "work requirements as a full-time store manager do not place the shoulder in a position, nor do they require right shoulder activities, that would cause an 'injury' to the rotator cuff."
In December 2015, Tonyan's physician issued permanent restrictions on her right arm. These restrictions prevented her from using her right arm to lift more than two pounds, from repetitively grasping, and from reaching forward or more than five percent above the shoulder, even without bearing weight. With these permanent restrictions in place, Dunham's fired her. They sent her a letter, explaining:
We received and reviewed the latest medical report from Dr. Floran [sic] dated December 21, 2015. Due to the restrictions stated by your doctor the decision has been made to terminate your employment effective today's date. Should you have additional information you feel we should consider please feel free to forward it to us in writing so it can be reviewed.
Tonyan filed a charge of discrimination with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission and Wisconsin's Equal Rights Division, which issued a right-to-sue letter. Then, on May 24, 2018, Tonyan filed a civil action against Dunham's alleging disparate treatment and failure to accommodate her disability, in violation of 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a) and 42 U.S.C. § 12112(b)(1)–(7). Dunham's moved for summary judgment. In opposition to this motion, Tonyan submitted an expert report by Dr. Joseph Hebl, an occupational medicine physician who examined her in 2018. Dr. Hebl opined that Tonyan could perform physical labor but only with restrictions, including no more than occasional reaching above the shoulder. The district court granted the summary judgment motion in its entirety, concluding that Tonyan had failed to meet her burden of proving that she could perform the essential functions of her position with or without accommodations. Tonyan now appeals.
II. Discussion
We review a district court's summary judgment ruling de novo, considering the evidence and drawing all reasonable inferences in the light most favorable to the non-moving party. Bilinsky v. Am. Airlines, Inc., 928 F.3d 565, 569 (7th Cir. 2019). Summary judgment is proper if the moving party "shows that there is no genuine dispute as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law." Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(a).
The Americans with Disabilities Act ("ADA") prohibits a covered employer from "discriminat[ing] against a qualified individual on the basis of disability." 42 U.S.C. § 12112(a). A "qualified individual" is one "who, with or without reasonable accommodation, can perform the essential functions of the employment position." Id. § 12111(8). There are two types of discrimination claims under the ADA. Curtis v. Costco Wholesale Corp., 807 F.3d 215, 224 (7th Cir. 2015). "First is a disparate treatment claim, where the plaintiff alleges the employer treated him or her differently because of the plaintiff's disability." Id. (citing Sieberns v. Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., 125 F.3d 1019, 1021–22 (7th Cir. 1997)). "The second is the employer's failure to provide a reasonable accommodation." Id. Although Tonyan brought both types of claims before the district court, on appeal she challenges only the district court's ruling regarding her disparate treatment claim.
To prevail on this claim, Tonyan "must identify a genuine issue of material fact as to whether (1) she is disabled; (2) she is able to perform the essential functions of the job either with or without reasonable accommodation; and (3) she suffered an adverse employment action because of her disability." Majors v. Gen. Elec. Co., 714 F.3d 527, 533 (7th Cir. 2013). The parties do not dispute that Tonyan satisfies the first prong (her shoulder disability) and the third prong (her firing). Rather, this case hinges on the second prong—her ability to perform the essential functions of her job with or without reasonable accommodation. Tonyan disputes the district court's determinations that physical tasks were essential functions of her job as a store manager and that, in any event, she was unable to perform these functions.
A. Essential Functions
Whether a function is essential is a question of fact, not law. Brown v. Smith, 827 F.3d 609, 613 (7th Cir. 2016). When resolving this question, we consider the employer's judgment, including written job descriptions, as evidence. 42 U.S.C. § 12111(8); Rooney v. Koch Air, LLC, 410 F.3d 376, 382 (7th Cir. 2005). We usually do not "second-guess the employer's judgment in describing the essential requirements for the job." DePaoli v. Abbott Labs., 140 F.3d 668, 674 (7th Cir. 1998). But this deference is not unqualified. We also look to the reality on the ground: the consequences of not requiring the employee to perform the function, the amount of time an employee actually spends performing the function, and the experience of those who previously or currently hold the position. Miller v. Ill. Dep't of Transp., 643 F.3d 190, 197–98 (7th Cir. 2011) (citing 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(n)(3)).
Every consideration points to physical tasks as essential functions of Tonyan's job. Both job descriptions in the record—including one that Tonyan signed—list physically demanding tasks as essential functions. Tonyan does not dispute that HR developed these versions of the job descriptions through a detailed process involving consultation with several sources, including field research, store observation, and manager interviews, indicating that the descriptions reflect the lived experience of managers in Dunham's stores. Even considering the testimony of corporate management in the light most favorable to Tonyan, Dunham's expected Tonyan to spend twenty to thirty percent of her time engaged in physical labor. This is a sufficient amount: a function "need not encompass the majority of an employee's time, or even a significant quantity of time, to be essential." Basith v. Cook Cty., 241 F.3d 919, 929 (7th Cir. 2001). In Basith, we concluded that a duty taking only forty-five minutes to an hour of an eight-hour-day is essential. Id. Tonyan's own assessment—that ten percent of her duties involved physical labor—still meets this threshold.
Moreover, the evidence Dunham's put in the record shows that managers' performance of physical labor is essential to its business model, as Dunham's incurs extra costs or a diminished quality of customer service if a manager cannot complete physical tasks. To save costs on retail space, Dunham's stores merchandise on elevated shelves and ceilings, which requires employees to reach and lift large items up and down from high locations. Tonyan's inability to perform these tasks required Dunham's to expand its budget to account for additional labor, which was in short supply, to avoid affecting the quality of customer service. Rather than dispute these facts, Tonyan argues that Dunham's incurred an expense for extra hours only once on her behalf, suggesting that Dunham's exaggerates the problem. But the fact that the expense did occur shows it was, at least in one instance, necessary. And even so, Tonyan has not refuted that extra hours were allocated even if not filled.
The experiences of four employees in store management—Lein, Sand, Campbell, and Henning—confirm that physical labor was a significant part of management positions. Tonyan, meanwhile, has not identified any store manager who did not perform physical labor. Indeed, Tonyan's own experience supports that the job was physically demanding. Despite having restrictions in place for much of the period from 2013 onward, Tonyan repeatedly injured herself on the job and was noticeably in pain while performing routine tasks at work.3
Tonyan relies heavily on the fact that she delegated tasks and that corporate management encouraged her to do so. The ability to delegate a task, however, does not necessarily render that task non-essential. "[T]ask reassignments within a job can be unreasonable in situations where the reassigned task is an essential function of the job. In those situations, reassignment or delegation of the task would equate, essentially, to reassignment or delegation of the job itself." Miller, 643 F.3d at 199; see also Peters v. City of Mauston, 311 F.3d 835, 845 (7th Cir. 2002) (a request to have someone else perform a duty was unreasonable because it "requires another person to perform an essential function" of the job); Jones v. Walgreen Co., 679 F.3d 9, 17 (1st Cir. 2012) ("[T]he fact that at any given time certain tasks ascribed to the role of Store Manager may be delegated or reassigned to other store personnel may inform our inquiry into the job's essential functions but by no means ends it."). This is particularly so here where delegation can result in allocating additional hours that Dunham's often cannot even fill, impacting its business model and, sometimes, customer service.
Tonyan also argues that physical tasks are not an "essential function" of her job pursuant to 29 C.F.R. § 1630.2(n)(2) because the tasks do not satisfy any of the three enumerated reasons in that section. But the provision explicitly states that its list of reasons is non-exhaustive. Id. And even if it were a complete list, one of the three enumerated reasons is that "[t]he function may be essential because of the limited number of employees available among whom the performance of that job function can be distributed." Id. at § 1630.2(n)(2)(ii). Again, Tonyan does not dispute that, if a manager cannot perform physical tasks, Dunham's must allocate hours for additional labor to perform them.
Lastly, Tonyan argues that physical labor is not an essential function of her position because she is classified as "exempt" under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 29 U.S.C. §§ 201–219 ("FLSA"). Tonyan does not provide any legal authority explaining why the FLSA "primary duty" test for overtime exemption is relevant here. Moreover, an exempt employee may spend more than fifty percent of his or her time performing non-exempt work, such as manual labor. 29 C.F.R. § 541.700(b). The fact of her FLSA classification therefore does not automatically exclude physical labor as an essential function of her position.
B. Ability to Perform Essential Functions
Having determined that physical tasks are essential functions of Tonyan's job, we turn to whether Tonyan could, in fact, perform them. Tonyan "bears the burden of establishing that she could perform the essential functions of the position with or without reasonable accommodation." Majors, 714 F.3d at 534. She failed to meet that burden here.
Even looking at the job description in the record most favorable to Tonyan, the essential functions of her job included constant outward reaching and handling, frequent reaching above the shoulder, and frequent lifting of up to forty pounds. The permanent restrictions Tonyan's doctor imposed on December 21, 2015—prohibiting her from using her right arm to lift more than two pounds, reaching forward and above her shoulder more than rarely, and grasping repetitively—would have clearly impeded her ability to perform many essential functions of her position. Dunham's may rely on Tonyan's doctor's assessment of her capabilities when deciding whether she could perform the essential functions of her job. See Koshinski v. Decatur Foundry, Inc., 177 F.3d 599, 603 (7th Cir. 1999).
In response, Tonyan highlights evidence of tools available at Dunham's to assist her with reaching and lifting. But tools were available throughout Tonyan's employment at Dunham's, and they did not permit Tonyan to perform her duties. Indeed, the record shows she delegated them to Lein. Even with tools, a person restricted to lifting no more than two pounds with one of her arms could not lift canoes, for instance, to their proper storage space.
Tonyan also points to the opinions of two medical experts—Dr. O'Brien and Dr. Hebl—but they do not aid her case. To begin, Dr. O'Brien's evaluation took place before Tonyan's doctor assigned her permanent restrictions, which ultimately led to her dismissal. "The relevant inquiry is whether [Tonyan] could perform the essential functions of [her] job at the time [she] was fired." Stern v. St. Anthony's Health Ctr., 788 F.3d 276, 287 (7th Cir. 2015); see also Basden v. Prof'l Transp., Inc., 714 F.3d 1034, 1037 (7th Cir. 2013) ("[A plaintiff's] ability to come to work, or to otherwise perform the essential functions of her job, is examined as of the time of the adverse employment decision at issue."). Dunham's properly relied on the most recently available information about Tonyan's capabilities. Furthermore, Dr. O'Brien's report does not explicitly address whether Tonyan could lift forty pounds, grasp, or perform any of the tasks her own physician specifically prohibited. And Dr. Hebl would have imposed restrictions on reaching outward and above the shoulder—restrictions incompatible with the essential functions of her job. Dr. Hebl's examination also took place two years after Tonyan's dismissal and thus has little bearing on her past capabilities.
III. Conclusion
For these reasons, we Affirm the judgment of the district court.
1. In her appellate briefing, Tonyan discusses a job description that does not appear in the district court record. The version she recounts differs slightly from those that do appear. For example, Tonyan's preferred job description uses the language "minimum qualifications" instead of "essential functions," whereas the two versions in the district court record invoke the "essential functions" label. After the conclusion of appellate briefing, Tonyan apparently noticed her omission and attempted to supplement the record. We denied her motion, as the district court did not consider this document in the first instance. We note, however, that, even if we had granted Tonyan's motion, she does not explain how "minimum qualifications" differ from "essential functions."
2. Cieslak quantified "constantly" as almost one hundred percent of the time, "frequently" as fifty percent or more of the time, and "occasionally" as less than fifty percent of the time.
3. Tonyan cursorily contends in her reply brief that the argument Dunham's makes about her prior injuries is "a poorly disguised direct defense and argument," pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 12113(b), and that Dunham's did not raise this defense in its answer. But Dunham's does not suggest that they fired Tonyan out of concern that she would injure herself; rather, Dunham's argues that Tonyan's repeated injuries demonstrate her duties were, in fact, physical.
St. Eve, Circuit Judge.


text:
Utah Lacrosse Report
UHSAA RPI Released, Westminster Upsets Belmont Abbey, Livia Sargent - Girls Player of the Week
www.utahlaxreport.com
Issue 86 - The rest of the Top 5 Best High School Players from Utah continued...
Tim Haslam
McKenzie Christiansen
Brad Lavoie
Good morning lacrosse fans! Thank you for taking time out of your day for the Utah Lax Report. If you're reading this while on Spring Break, thank you. Have fun wherever you're at and be sure to hit the wall!
As a reminder, the fine folks at Tribal West are offering 10% off your online order using the code TRIBAL2022 on tribalwest.com. You can order online and pick it up in-store!
The dates for the Tribal West Camp were announced over the weekend so mark your calendars for July 26 - 29. Registration will open soon so be sure to keep an eye on the Tribal West social media when the link goes live.
As always, please visit our title sponsors Tribal West Lacrosse (website) & MinersTown Strength and Condition (website).
Armchair Lacrosse Coach: Top 5 Players to Ever Play HS Lacrosse in Utah (Continued)
Editors Note: If you missed No. 1 and No. 2, read this first.
Remember, this is a Top 5 players ever to come out of Utah (born and bred) taking into account the collegiate body of work.
After receiving several strongly worded letters and many middle-of-the-night hangups from blocked numbers I think it's safe to say that this TOP FIVE LIST has struck a nerve. People need to remember that I am just some knucklehead (knucklehead = armchair lacrosse coach) playing fast and loose with many of my own ill-conceived opinions. In other words, I'm giving you lacrosse zealots what you want, high-quality thoughts wrapped in low-quality writing. I blame public school. However, I will not be intimidated by you thugs. I plan to finish this list below no matter how short-sighted and unpopular it is.
No. 3 Ted Ferrin / Elliot Grow
These two are widely considered to be two of the best to ever play in the MCLA with multiple National Championships between them. In my opinion, these two epitomize the free-flowing and powerful nature of BYU lacrosse across the last 20 years. It is safe to say that both Ted (Olympus) and Elliot (Highland) had the skill and athleticism to play at any of the various initials and numbers associated with collegiate lacrosse but they made the conscious choice to stay local and likely had a lot to do with raising the level of play and national profile of virtual varsity lacrosse in the eyes of the blue blood establishment types. If I were better at this I would have researched and listed the many accolades that both of them accumulated over the years but that would be very un-armchair of me. So I will leave you with two final opinions: (1) Ted Ferrin is likely on the Top 5 players in MCLA history list and (2) Elliot Grow could have played in the MLL if he chose to pursue it.
No. 4 Case Rose / Garrett Bullet / Garrett Michaeli / Zack Franckowiak
Look, this list of players above includes Top 20 D-I Captains, starters, academic and athletic Big 10 all-conference selections. Almost all of these guys could be considered "underrecruited" out of Corner Canyon and went on to prove they belonged on the biggest stages and multi-time No. 1 ranked Rutgers teams. Rosey scored huge goals as a first-line midfielder in some big-time moments on ESPN and captained a team. Go back and watch Bullet go head-to-head with Michael Sowers in 2020 with the C on his jersey - enough said. Michaeli was drafted by the Bayhawks and was productive as a pro, let alone a productive LSM and Close D guy in the Big 10 for years. Francko is still playing as a member of one of the more iconic rope units (NASCAR) in lacrosse and D'ing up top midfielders week in and week out. Plus, Casey Rose getting his haircut by Carc was great but this feature by BTN was tremendous. They are all pioneers.
No. 5 Bernhardt "Beau" Pederson
Currently, the No. 1 short-stick defensive midfielder on the No. 6 ranked team in the nation (Princeton) while competing in the strongest conference. Like Zack Frackowiak and Bubba Fairman noted above, he plays what is very likely the toughest position in our sport. Getting dodged on every possession of every game then responsible for clearing the ball, starting and making great decisions in transition and being a monster on ground balls. At this point as a Junior if you flip on a game (all of which are televised) you will see that #23 hardly leaves the field leading people to forget that the 6'3" 215+ pound athlete played attack all through high school at Park City. People need to understand what it takes to make that jump athletically, needless to say, it's huge and to do it well is an even bigger deal. Lastly, people forget that in 2020 when the season got shut down, Princeton was ranked No. 3 and looked a lot like a final four team and he was playing a lot then too. The story is far from over for BP.
Josh Stout, Lone Peak HS, University of Utah
Brandon Dodd, Logan HS, Air Force Academy
Ryan Baker, Juan Diego Catholic HS, Bryant University
Collin Madsen, Olympus HS, Dominican (NY), Westminster College (UT)
Josh Holland, Riverton HS, Seton Hill University, Westminster College (UT)
Dallas McLellan, Juan Diego Catholic HS, Westminster College (UT)
Boys High School
Last week, Dane Stewart and I recorded a show talking about lacrosse for KSL Sports. You can watch it via the tweet below.
KSL Sports @kslsports
High School Boys Lacrosse is underway and @GNLRewind has a full recap of the Week 3 action. #GameNightLive #KSLGameNight
kslsports.comGame Night Live Rewind: Boys Lacrosse Week 3 Recap - KSL SportsThe high school boys lacrosse season is in full swing and the Game Night Live Rewind crew has a full recap of Week 3 action.
11:17 PM ∙ Apr 1, 2022
4Likes3Retweets
As always, our polls are brought to you by Salty Lacrosse.
No. 1 Corner Canyon - The Chargers took care of business against Pleasant Grove (23-2) and Westlake (16-3) last week and will head to Southern California for its toughest test yet. Corner Canyon takes on Mater Dei on Tuesday and Corona Del Mar on Wednesday. USA Lacrosse Magazine has Mater Dei as No. 1 in the West and Corona Del Mar as No. 2 in the West. Mater Dei beat Corona Del Mar, 14-8, on Saturday. The magazine also has Corner Canyon at No. 5. Once again, it will be time for us to put aside our pride and cheer for the Chargers to continue to put Utah on the map. After this trip, Region 4 play awaits the Chargers.
No. 2 Olympus - The Titans had a showdown with No. 4 Mountain Ridge on Tuesday that ended up being rescheduled after the first 10 minutes of play. On Thursday, Olympus beat Spanish Fork, 19-3. The Titans will have no games this week due to Spring Break.
No. 3 American Fork - American Fork edged No. 7 Lone Peak on Tuesday, 8-6, then beat Pleasant Grove, 13-4. The Cavemen will have no games this week due to Spring Break.
No. 4 Mountain Ridge - After the game with No. 2 Olympus was rescheduled, Mountain Ridge beat Bingham, 13-11, on Thursday. The Sentinels will play Herriman on Tuesday and host No. 5 Park City on Friday.
No. 5 Park City - It was a busy week for the Miners who beat Green Canyon, 13-3, on Wednesday then headed to Colorado to take on Valor Christian and Cherry Creek. The other side of the Rockies was unkind to the Miners who lost to Valor Christian, 11-7, and Cherry Creek, 12-6. Surely the Miners are one of the most battle-tested teams in the state which should pay dividends down the road. Park City will travel to Wasatch on Wednesday and No. 4 Mountain Ridge on Friday.
No. 6 Alta - Alta beat Lehi on Tuesday, 19-2, and Orem on Thursday, 18-7. The Hawks will have no games this week due to Spring Break. The lone test on the schedule for Alta will be on April 22 as it hosts No. 5 Park City.
No. 7 Lone Peak - Lone Peak lost to No. 2 American Fork on Tuesday then beat Skyridge, 16-5, on Thursday. The Knights will have no games this week due to Spring Break.
No. 8 Davis - The Darts beat Clearfield, 17-2, on Tuesday then beat Syracuse, 21-9, on Thursday. Davis will have no games this week due to Spring Break.
No. 9 Fremont - Fremont beat Syracuse, 17-7, on Tuesday and Roy, 19-5, on Thursday. The Silverwolves are scoring goals in droves with their lowest offensive output being 15 in the first two games of the season.
No. 10 Bountiful - The Redhawks are the newest team in the coaches poll and enter with a 4-1 record. The lone loss was to No. 5 Park City in a game that Bountiful led by one goal at halftime. Bountiful beat Brighton on Tuesday, 8-6, and Highland on Friday, 21-3. The Redhawks will have no games this week due to Spring Break.
Region 3 and a handful of other teams are in action this week. Riverton takes on Copper Hills on Tuesday. Brighton also heads to Southern California to take on Cathedral Catholic and La Jolla.
I'm just going to leave this tweet from Rob Pannell here. Do what you want with it.
Rob Pannell @RobPannell3
Never understood players taking sidearm shots down the alley on the run. There is literally one spot you can put the ball and players miss a majority of the time. Overhand…change planes.
12:39 AM ∙ Apr 4, 2022
UHSAA RPI Released
The UHSAA RPI was released on Friday. For those not familiar, the UHSAA RPI is the official metric to seed postseason play. Also, if you're just joining us, this year will feature playoff brackets based on school classification, not 1-16, 17-32, 33+ like the past year and most of the non-sanctioned years. I'm keeping track of the RPI movement each day and will publish the link next week. Of course, the RPI was released with a little bit of skepticism. For example, in 6A, if you look at the Top 6, there are some interesting tidbits. It's no surprise Corner Canyon is No. 1. They were No. 1 all last year too except for one day in April. No. 2 is Mountain Ridge which no one will argue with except for American Fork which is also undefeated but sits at No. 5. Here's where it gets interesting. No. 3 is Weber at 6-1. Their lone loss is to No. 4 Fremont whose lone loss is to No. 6 Davis. A little bit backward! Anyway, you can see the RPIs here: https://www.uhsaa.org/rpi/boyslacrosse/2022/ - It's updated as each game goes final and a score is put into MaxPreps (hence the importance of putting scores into MaxPreps). Also, it will definitely change as the season goes on and the games are played. I suspect we'll see some teams move as many as 7-8 spots as the season goes on.
There are a couple of unfortunate consequences of doing the playoffs this way. First, we won't see Corner Canyon play Olympus. Since the Chargers are 6A and the Titans are 5A, and a regular-season matchup isn't on the docket, we won't see the best two teams in the state square off. The second problem I have with this system (and the 1-58 system) is that there isn't a reward for region champs outside of a trophy and some bragging rights. In the old days of UHSAA sports, region champs were given home games and played the No. 4 seed from another region. Now, in 6A, it's likely the region champ will be given a home game and a great seed, but if we look at 5A, it's possible a region champ won't even be in the Top 10. Right now, the highest team from Region 9 is Maple Mountain at No. 10. Now, if the season ended today, they would have a first-round game at home, but other region champs will have a first-round bye. In 5A, what if the Top 8 were seeded from the first and second teams in each region based on RPI? Then seed team 9 - 27 using their spot in the RPI. Could be fun and it rewards doing well in region play. Maybe all we need is a trophy and bragging rights though?
Girls High School
Girls Player of the Week - Livia Sargent, Senior at Riverton High School
"Livia has been one to watch, having made the Utah Girls U17 Nationals team last year, she is a strong midfielder and let Riverton in many successful games this season. She is a leader on Riverton as a Senior who is always inclusive and nice to everyone. She is very receptive to feedback and always has a good attitude on and off the field. Liv is a force to reckon with this year!' - Coach Dorton
Not a lot of movement as many teams are on Spring Break this past week and upcoming week. We do welcome Alta to the Top 10!
No. 1 Park City played Friday night against Wasatch. The Miners took home the win, 17-4. Next up for Park City is hosting Highland on Tuesday.
No. 2 Skyridge beat Westlake on Tuesday, 20-5. On Thursday night, Skyridge dominated No. 6 Lone Peak, 17-9. The star of the show for Skyridge was Rivanna Buecher with 14 ground balls, 9 caused turnovers, 7 goals and 9 assists. Next up for Skyridge is American Fork on April 12.
No. 3 Brighton got a big win Tuesday night over Viewmont, 20-2. Brighton stayed consistent by taking a win over Lehi on Thursday, 20-2. Zoe Heffernan ripped up the field this week with 11 goals, 3 assists and 9 ground balls. Next up for Brighton is a game versus Jordan on April 14.
No. 4 Olympus did not have any games. Their next game is at Juan Diego on April 13.
No. 5 Mountain Ridge dominated Juan Diego on Tuesday night, 20-4. Mountain Ridge beat Bingham, 22-4, on Thursday night. Emery Clark wrecked the field with 10 goals, 6 assists, 9 ground balls and 1 caused turnover. Next for Mountain Ridge is a home game against No. 1 Park City this Thursday.
No. 6 Lone Peak had a striking win over American Fork, 14-4. Lauren Siri had a great week with 3 goals, 1 assist and 4 ground balls. Lone Peak fell short to No. 2 Skyridge, 17-9. Next is hosting No. 7 Corner Canyon on Tuesday.
No. 7 Corner Canyon played and won against Pleasant Grove on Tuesday night, 19-6. Friday night they went up against Westlake and took the win by 14 goals, 20-6. Simone Parker dominated the field this week with 14 goals, 1 assist, 15 ground balls and 5 caused turnovers. The next game for Corner Canyon is played at No. 6 Lone Peak on Tuesday.
No. 8 Davis had a hard game against Clearfield where they walked away with a 1 goal win. Brinlee Wilding scored 3 goals. Kaydence Johnson had 6 ground balls and 2 caused turnovers. Next up for Davis is an April 12 showdown against Roy.
No. 9 Bear River challenged Bingham Friday night and won, 17-11. The stand-out players for this game are Marley Kierstead with 6 goals and Bentley Lorimer with 15 ground balls. Next up for Bear River is Thursday at East.
No. 10 Alta had a great win Tuesday night over Lehi, 13-2. Jessica Law shined bright with 7 points in her game versus Lehi. The Hawks then beat Orem, 25-1. Eva Becerra and Mylie Johnson were the leading players with 7 points each in their game against Orem. The next game is April 12 against East.
3/29 Corner Canyon vs Pleasant Grove
Corner Canyon beat Pleasant Grove, 19-6, on Tuesday night. Corner Canyon had a very solid defense and a balanced offense. 7 girls on Corner Canyon were able to score goals. Corner Canyon stands proud of their few calls and that the team played clean with lots of trust. "We came out strong and played well against a solid team," said Corner Canyon head coach Matt Kenning. Corner Canyon nominated Lizzy Boyle as their player of the game. Lizzy set the tone early on offense with 2 first-half goals and 2 assists. She never dropped or made a bad pass. On the defending side of Corner Canyon is Pleasant Grove, defense had amazing fast-break stops and marked up fast throughout the whole game. The team learned how crucial catching and passing are to the game of lacrosse. Corner Canyon was a great example of ball movement. Pleasant Grove nominates Eliza Berg as their player of the game. "Eliza is our fastest runner and works hard in midfield. She had great endurance and had great skills shown tonight. Also had 2 goals," said Coach Wright.
3/29 Provo vs Orem
Provo dominated with a 23 point lead over Orem, 24-1. Provo excelled in shutting down their offense in the midfield through double-teaming and forcing turnovers. In this game, they were able to really learn the importance of settling the ball on offense and looking for assists. Provo nominated Lauren Bauer as their player of the game. "She placed her shots strategically so that they were hard to defend, and ended up with 100% shot accuracy," said Coach Coyne. "This team put a lot of hard work in to get the results they wanted. I'm very proud of how they played." Turning the table to Orem, their transitions have improved game to game. The team is working on their defense and assisting the goalie in crashes. Orem nominates Ginger Johnson as their player of the game. "She was all over the place on defense making good blocks and interceptions," said Coach Adams.
The UHSAA RPI was released on Friday. You can view it here: https://www.uhsaa.org/rpi/girlslacrosse/2022/ - As a reminder, this is the system that will be used to seed the playoff brackets when the postseason starts. This will surely change as time goes on and more games are played.
Captain Checkin
I turned the table a bit and asked the top three teams in 6A to have their captains give us team insight. It is amazing how much heart, passion and trust these girls have with their team.
Skyridge 6A No.1 - Captains Brooklyn Gibson and Allie Vaughn: "We love seeing everyone's improvement throughout the season/year it's always exciting; plus having everyone come together - whether it's at a game or a team dinner always makes you feel proud knowing you're trying your best to create experiences people are going to remember for the rest of their lives and hopefully have some great memories of pushing ourselves to the next level and enjoying everything else along the way. Our team has so much talent from every single player and we've mastered working hard while also having the time of our lives. We are also extremely lucky to have coaches putting so much time and thought into our team. They're our biggest supporters and want us to succeed in every aspect of our lives. Skyridge started out our season with a challenging loss against the great Park City but ever since then we've been pushing ourselves, playing other tough teams, and are now 4-1. As for the rest of the season, we'll be working hard and enjoying the ride; playing the best we can, supporting each other and looking to make a deep run in the 6A state tournament.
Davis 6A No.2 - Captain Ava Bair: "I love to lead the team and help the girls find love for the same sport as I do. I love guiding the girls and helping them outside of practice when they ask. I think it's amazing that everyone is able to play well together to create a team that works really well and everyone can pull their own weight. Though we are undefeated, we've had a few kinks we've needed to work out. However, we worked things out at the practice before Spring Break and I think we're going to come back stronger than ever. I think we have some recovery to make up for the rest of the season. Our game against Skyridge will be difficult, however, I know that we have the skillset to beat them. So if each player is willing to work hard and to the best of our potential, we will be having a pretty long season." Captain Macie Wood: "My team is so fun to lead! I love helping the girls improve and seeing them get more confident in themselves while playing! We all get along and we have so much fun. We are hardworking and never give up. Since we lost some of our best players last year, we have had a rough start getting back into the competition. However, we pull through and work hard. That has gotten us to be undefeated so far. This past week, we have been working so hard to improve all our skills. Because of this, the rest of our season will be very successful. I see a lot of wins in our future!" Captain Morgan Bunch: "I definitely think we have a lot to work on and I know there is talent in each member of our team, I think we just need to gain the confidence. We also need to respect ourselves and not get down on our team or ourselves individually. I think if we pick up our confidence and hold our heads high we will be able to conquer more than we think. Again, I think if we work on our confidence not only in ourselves but in our team we will be able to win state and take that championship."
Syracuse 6A No.3 - Captain Brooklyn Suttemyer: Brooklyn loves to lead her team and "build friendship; Lacrosse is the game that lets us have fun together." Captain Emma Hamblin: "Something special about my team is that we are all friends on and off the field. My team has improved so much from where we first started. We have worked hard to win games and we always have a positive attitude on the field." Captain Gabby Fessle: "I'm super proud of all of us and how much work we have put in. It's awesome that we started with a lot of new girls again and have still done so well. We are better than last season and we are going to surprise a lot of people."
Men's College
It was a great week of college lacrosse in the state. On Wednesday, BYU beat cross-town rival Utah Valley, 15-8. Alton Taylor (American Fork) led the Cougars in goals with 3 while Seth Garff (Sam Ramon Valley, CA) had 4 points for BYU with 1 goal and 3 assists.
On Friday, Westminster kicked off the day at No. 18 Belmont Abbey. The game was close throughout but a 6 goal run in the second and third quarters helped propel the Griffins to take the lead in a game that went to overtime. Joseph Celentano (Saint Ignatius College Prep, CA) scored the game-winning goal for the Griffins, his first of the season. The Griffins then attended the Duke v. North Carolina game on Saturday.
Also on Friday, BYU hosted Texas A&M and won, 16-6. Southern Utah traveled to Logan to face Utah State and was sent home with a 25-2 defeat at the hands of the Aggies in what will surely be the first of many games between these two squads.
On Saturday, Utah took on Air Force and beat the Falcons, 10-8, which marked the first ASUN victory for the Utes. Eight players had one goal for Utah while Koa Todd (St. Margaret's Episcopal, CA) had two for the Utes. Cache Valley native Brandon Dodd (Logan) had 3 goals for Air Force.
Also on Saturday, UVU beat Texas A&M, 14-8.
On Sunday, Westminster lost to Mount Olive, 8-6. Also on Sunday, Utah State lost to the College of Idao, 16-8.
Pole Goal of the Week goes to High Point pole Trey Smith.
USA Lacrosse Magazine @USALacrosseMag
Trey Smith dropping the first #PoleGoal of this weekend. @HPUMensLax leads @JAX_MLAX early.
4:26 PM ∙ Apr 2, 2022
4/7 - Wyoming @ Utah State - 6 pm
4/8 - UVU @ Boise State - 3 pm
4/8 - BYU @ Liberty
4/8 - Wyoming @ Utah Club - 7 pm
4/9 - Utah @ Cleveland State - 10 am
4/9 - Wyoming v. SUU @ Utah Club - 12:30 pm
4/9 - UVU v. Washington @ Boise State - 1 pm
4/9 - SUU @ Utah Club - 2:30 pm
4/9 - BYU @ NC State - 3 pm
4/9 - Utah State @ Air Force Club - 4 pm
4/10 - Utah State @ Colorado School of Mines - 12:30 pm
4/10 - Adams State @ Westminster - 2 pm
4/11 - BYU @ Virginia Tech - 2 pm
4/14 - Texas @ UVU - 5:30 pm
4/15 - Utah Club @ Colorado School of Mines - 7 pm
4/15 - SUU @ Fort Lewis - 7 pm
4/16 - Utah Club @ Air Force Club - 11 am
4/16 - SUU @ Western Colorado - Noon
4/16 - Texas @ BYU - 1 pm
4/16 - Robert Morris @ Utah - 1 pm
Women's College
It was a big weekend for our local college teams with BYU and Utah State heading to Colorado while UVU headed to Idaho.
BYU: 2-1
Friday's game against the University of North Carolina: BYU had a great gave Friday ending with a win, 13-5.
Saturday's game against the University of Michigan: BYU had an excitingly close win 12-10.
Saturday's game against Boston College: BYU fell 8 goals short of a win, falling by the score of 17-9.
Utah State: 1-2
Friday's game vs Northeastern University: USU fell 3 points short of a win, 17-20.
Saturday's game vs Colorado State: USU had a Victorious win, 20-5. This game led to the Aggies earning a place at regionals.
Saturday's game vs Texas: USU had a tough battle against Texas in Colorado but ultimately fell short, ending the game, 18-7.
Tayvia Yocom is No. 6 in Draw Control
The team excelled at many different things during their games including transitions on offense and defense, our rides and our defensive zone positioning. "This week we are focusing on shot placement and fakes. I think every girl contributed tremendously to our games but we always love giving shout-outs to our goals," said Team President Rachel Jenson.
Utah Valley: 2-0
Saturday's game against Montana State: UVU ripped up the field with a 32-1 win over Montana State.
Saturday's game versus NNU: UVU strikes again with a 29-0 win over NNU
UVU women's lacrosse team played back-to-back games on Saturday which is never easy. They connected as a team. UVU is looking forward to the regional championship tournament on April 15-16. UVU has 5 different players ranked in the top 10 in the nation.
Kennedy Richards is No. 2 for Points, Goals and No. 7 Assists.
Eliza Jorgensen is No. 2 in Assists and No. 3 in Points.
Maya Lightfoot is No. 2 in Draw Control and No. 10 in Points.
Shea Munger is No. 1 in Ground Balls, No.1 in Draw Control and No. 4 in Take-Aways.
Lauren Ackerman is No. 5 in Ground Balls.
"All of the UVU players have set their goals and are willing to put in the time and effort to help make this team better each week," said Coach Jorgy.
That's it for this week, stay safe out there and see you on the sidelines!
— Tim Haslam (Intro/Mens/Boys), Kenzie Christiansen (Womens/Girls) & Brad Lavoie (Armchair Lacrosse Coach)
JBrz
Apr 5, 2022Liked by Tim Haslam
Would love to see another Brad Top 5 list ... Best players past and/or present he has ever seen play in Utah HS history ... Ill even take one by position ... A/M, D/LSM, G, and FOS
Jeremy Trout
Love the pannell tweet!! Something I was taught from a young age, these kids need that knowledge. Angles are everything.
3 more comments…
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U.S. Route 410 (US 410) was a U.S. Highway in Washington and Idaho that existed from 1926 to 1967. It ran  from US 101 in Aberdeen, Washington, to US 95 in Lewiston, Idaho, passing through the cities of Olympia, Tacoma, Yakima, the Tri-Cities, and Walla Walla.

The highway had concurrencies with SR 8, US 99, and US 395. Even though the number indicates that US 410 was a spur of US 10, US 410 never connected with US 10, which is the same case with US 830 and US 30, although like the latter pair, they ran parallel in close proximity. When US 12 was extended into Washington in 1967, US 410 was decommissioned.

Route description
US 410 was a spur of US 10 that traveled between Aberdeen, Washington and Lewiston, Idaho.  Much of the route was renumbered to U.S. Route 12.

Washington
US 410 started at an intersection with US 101 in Aberdeen, Washington, the current western terminus of US 12. Then, US 410 went east to Olympia, where it formed a short concurrency with US 101 into Downtown Olympia. Then, US 410 followed US 99 out of Olympia and into Tacoma. In Tacoma, US 410 turned southeast and went to Sumner, through Enumclaw, and then across Chinook Pass. After going across Chinook Pass, US 410 turned east towards Pasco. In Pasco, US 410 became concurrent with US 395 and then continued east to Walla Walla. After passing Walla Walla, US 410 went into Clarkston where it crossed over the Snake River (via the Lewiston–Clarkston Bridge) into Idaho.

Idaho
After US 410 crossed the Lewiston–Clarkston Bridge over the Snake River into Idaho, the road went east and northeast to US 95, where it ended. The successor highway ("US 12") continued east to Lolo Pass and through Montana.

History

US 410 was an original U.S. Highway. It was established in 1926 and decommissioned in 1967 when US 12 was extended into Washington.

US 410 is now separated into six different highways including the concurrences with US 101 and US 99. From US 101 to Elma, Washington, US 410 became part of US 12. From Elma, Washington, to US 101 near Olympia, Washington, US 410 became SR 8. The concurrency with US 101 stayed as part of US 101 for the full length from SR 8 to US 99 (now I-5). From US 101's end to Tacoma, Washington, US 410 became part of US 99, which was replaced by I-5. From Tacoma, Washington, to Sumner, Washington, US 410 became part of SR 167. From Sumner, Washington, to Naches, Washington, US 410 retained its original number, as SR 410. From Naches, Washington, to Lewiston, Idaho, US 410 became US 12.

In 1957, the Washington State Highway Commission applied for an expansion of the Interstate Highway System to cover the entire US 410 corridor, but were rejected. A second attempt, using a tunneled route under Naches Pass, was made in 1959 and also rejected.

Major intersections

See also

References

External links

 Endpoints of U.S. Highway 410

10-4
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SIZE 55,27 GB
Country: China | HongKong | USA
Producer: Justin Lin
Cast: Anita Brown | Anton Yelchin | Chris Pine | Deep Roy | Doug Jung... | Idris Elba | Joe Taslim | John Cho | Karl Urban | Lydia Wilson | Melissa Roxburgh | Simon Pegg | Sofia Boutella | Zachary Quinto | Zoe Saldana
The intrepid Starfleet cruiser crew of the Enterprise explores the unknown depths of space. During this total danger of traveling, the heroes face a mysterious force that threatens not only their mission and the stability of the Federation, but the entire world order.
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Startrek or something familiar from childhood
As long as I can remember, the theme of a start-up or star wars has always bothered me around the male half. For me, very far from wars, all the more stellar, all the talk about the battles sounded at least not clear, and the only thing I knew about the start-up was that one of the heroes-Spock and he was unusually pushing his fingers in his arms ( And that, I learned this knowledge from Sheldon from the theory of the big bang). With such absolute ignorance, I went to this film. I honestly expected that it would be boring, incomprehensible and stupid, and that after a hard day's work, I would quietly snooze in my armchair. But after the first minutes of watching the movie, I realized that it would be something.
Firstly, the film is shot very cool. Constant dynamics completely immerses in the atmosphere of the star ship. The graphics are gorgeous. Special effects at altitude. The cast is very harmonious. Although the only one who bothered me a little was Captain Chris Pine, who is very cute for such a role, in my opinion. Throughout the whole movie, she only expected that he would either eroticly undress, or suffer cute on the camera. In general, let the fans forgive me, as for me, he is too "sweet" for such a character, there was not enough brutality.
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Democracy minus freedom equals tyranny
Violent protests and a rising death toll across Egypt this week are tragic reminders that free and fair elections are no guarantee of a free and fair society.
Only one year ago, Mohammad Morsi won Egypt's first free presidential election – giving him and his supporters an historic opportunity to move Egypt toward a truly democratic society.
Instead, Morsi moved to consolidate power in the hands of the Muslim Brotherhood, the organization he represents, alienating opposition parties and alarming religious minorities.
Of course, Egypt's deepening economic crisis helped swell the ranks of protesters calling for an end to the Morsi regime.
But anger over Morsi's increasingly authoritarian rule had been growing for months until it finally exploded in the streets, providing the military with the opportunity to remove Morsi from power on July 3.
One on the key lessons of the current crisis in Egypt is one familiar to students of past revolutions:
Democracy without safeguards for individual rights is a recipe for tyranny of the majority.
Lest we forget, opposition to the proposed American Constitution in 1787 was, in large measure, fueled by the absence of a bill of rights guaranteeing fundamental freedoms for every person.
Many Baptists and other minority Christian groups, for example, were fearful that the draft Constitution would not guard against government interference with the practice of their faith.
As religious dissenters from the formerly established church, they worried that without an explicit prohibition of state establishment of religion, a majority faith would one day impose itself on the country through the engine of government (a form of oppression many had experienced in Europe and some of the colonies).
Only by promising to add a bill of rights – including strong protections for religious freedom – were the Federalists able to win ratification of the Constitution in 1788.
By sharp contrast, Morsi and the Muslim Brotherhood drafted and pushed through a new Egyptian constitution as though a democratic election had empowered the majority to do whatever the majority desires – with little obligation to hear minority voices or protect minority rights.
From the outset, the Morsi government ensured that the Muslim Brotherhood would dominate the constitutional drafting assembly, ignoring the protests of other parties. So flawed and hasty was the drafting that non-Islamist members of the assembly withdrew from the process, calling into question the legitimacy of the new constitution.
As a result, religious freedom, free speech and other basic rights are either ignored or given lip service in the Egyptian Constitution ratified earlier this year.
"Islam is the religion of the state," declares the Constitution, and Islamic law is the "principle source of legislation." Although certain religions (Jews and Christians) are given limited freedom to practice their faith, other religions are afforded no real protection.
The Muslim Brotherhood may have won the vote. But for democracy to work in the best interests of all citizens, fundamental human rights must be protected from majority rule.
First among those rights is liberty of conscience, the freedom to practice one's faith in a society where the government is prohibited from taking sides in religion.
A "democracy" where the government – including a popularly elected government – is empowered to violate religious liberty, freedom of expression and other basic rights, is a form of tyranny.
Despite the disturbing failures of the Morsi government to protect human rights, the cure for flawed or distorted democracy is more democracy – not a military coup.
Acting in the name of "the people" to deny minority rights and to impose religion is wrong and unjust. But overturning an elected government by military force in the name of "the people" is equally wrong and unjust.
If and when Egypt tries democracy again, the first step must be for all sides to agree on a strong bill of rights that limits the power of government to violate the inalienable rights that are the birthright of every human being.
As Thomas Jefferson famously wrote to James Madison:
"A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth… and what no government should refuse."
Charles C. Haynes is director of the Religious Freedom Education Project at the Newseum, 555 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W., Washington, D.C., 20001. Web: www.religiousfreedomeducation.org E-mail :chaynes@newseum.org.