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Home Connecting with Society Research Stories Story
The link between social connectedness and healthy aging
Photos and stories from immigrant Muslim women show what's needed to age gracefully in a new country
Date published: 2022-07-06 12:00:00 PM
"This is a picture of my village in Lebanon…this land was all my parents'…many memories stay with you from your childhood in the village, where we grew up." [participant in Women-CONNECT Study project]
Photo: Women-CONNECT Study
To age well, people need to stay socially connected. But that can be difficult for some people, such as older Muslim women who have immigrated to Canada. Jordana Salma, assistant professor in the Faculty of Nursing at the University of Alberta, is exploring the challenges Muslim women face and also the strengths they draw on to stay connected and healthy as they grow older in a place far away from home.
How a strong social life improves well-being
Salma grew up in West Africa and Lebanon, surrounded by many strong Muslim women. Yet when she moved to Canada, she saw Muslim women often portrayed as victims. She sensed this might be due to a lack of social connections—an issue that became increasingly clear when she worked as a registered nurse, helping Muslim women recover from strokes. While Salma initially focused on adherence to medication routines, through conversations with her patients, she soon realized that's just one factor to staying healthy.
"Good food and good connections are important—we have been doing girls get-togethers for 20-30 years." [participant in Women-CONNECT Study project]
"They spoke about being connected and being included, and what it meant for their health to not be included," says Salma. "Women who were less socially connected were not as able to cope with their medical situations, while those with stronger connections had better health outcomes."
Giving older Muslim women a voice
To further explore this issue, Salma is using a SSHRC Insight Grant to conduct a "photovoice" project, asking older Muslim women in Edmonton to participate in interviews and share as many as 20 images that speak to the social connections in their lives. (Her co-applicant, Karen Kobayashi, sadly passed away in May as the project was unfolding; her mentorship and guidance will be greatly missed.)
For some women, social connections are focused on the present: many shared pictures of children and grandchildren, or family vacations. For others, it's about maintaining connections to the past: Salma has seen photos of parents and grandparents, and special places in participants' homelands.
Although the project is ongoing, two findings have emerged. First is the importance of digital literacy, which is crucial to helping older Muslim women in Canada use tools such as WhatsApp to stay connected to friends and relatives in other parts of the world. Second is the importance of seeking new connections as personal situations change. For example, one woman who lost her husband began volunteering at her mosque—and said the social connections she made there greatly improved her physical and mental health.
Al Rashid Mosque was dedicated in 1938, in Edmonton, and was Canada's first mosque and one of the first in North America. Since then, the mosque has been a place of cultural connections for the Lebanese Muslim community in Edmonton.
Salma had interviewed about 35 women by mid-2022 and hopes to get 50 participants in total. She is supported by an advisory group of 12 Muslim women from diverse backgrounds, as well as six Muslim women undergraduate students who help with research and data analysis.
"When Muslim communities see people they can identify with doing research, it enhances credibility and trust that they will be represented in a just way and not be re-stereotyped," she says.
Many of the early interviews were conducted online, but with the pandemic easing, Salma is now holding in-person group sessions that give participants a chance to share stories with each other and make new connections.
Sharing stories with the world
The stories shared through the project will eventually be encapsulated in an online exhibit and possibly a physical exhibit that could travel to mosques or universities, allowing Muslim communities to see their narratives on aging reflected in public spaces. With Muslim women underrepresented in media, many of the participants have told Salma they are eager to share their photos with the world, without having their faces blurred or details anonymized.
Salma hopes the project will highlight the need to develop policies on aging with immigrants in mind, as most are designed to help people born in Canada age gracefully in the place they've called home their entire lives.
"Low- and middle-income countries have the fastest aging populations in the world, so we need more research that includes diverse perspectives on what it means to grow old," she says. "This research allows us to explore those perspectives and better answer how we can support the aging process for all Canadians."
To learn more about Jordana Salma's work, visit the Council of Muslims on Aging Gracefully website.


The classic Mini, for instance. Or pint-sized action hero Tom Cruise. And now we can add another item to our list; Love Life Supplements Refuel.
During my Love Life Supplements Refuel review, I'll be breaking down each of the ingredients and explaining why each item has been included, and where the product comes up short.
No product has ever earned 5 stars, and it's going to take something monumental to do that.
As always, I incorporated this Refuel into my own training routine prior to this review, so what you'll see here is not only a scientific review, but also first-hand experience of Refuel in action.
There's a considerable number of good points with Refuel.
The macronutrient breakdown of the formula is excellent. Each serving provides 22 grams of protein, 43 grams of carbohydrates, and 0.8 grams of fat.
As far as post-workout recovery shakes go, this covers all the bases perfectly.
The primary form of protein here is whey protein isolate (grass fed, no less), too.
Refuel also packs an impressive 4 grams of leucine into each serving.
Leucine is the powerhouse of the BCAAs, responsible for interacting with mTOR and switching on the muscle building process.
If we've killed the weights in the gym and leucine levels are massively declined from training, the body signals mTOR that there is a lack of dietary protein to build new lean muscle with, and we switch off mTOR. The moment we consume leucine, however, mTOR is activated once more and we switch the process back on.
It's literally the key to building muscle.
Leucine becomes even more important as we grow older, too.
This is all great news for Refuel, as it comes with a whopping 4 grams per shake. An average whey protein supplement will provide us with about 1 gram, maybe 2 grams, so I'm sure regular readers of my website are going to love this info.
Now we actually get to the best part of the formula; the carbohydrates.
When you review as many supplements as me, you expect post-workout tubs to rely heavily on poorly constructed carbohydrate formulas designed to keep production costs very low.
This usually ends up in a product which bangs in 75 grams of sugary carbs per shake, and requires a Pic N' Mix scoop to measure out.
That's not the case with Refuel.
As mentioned above, Love Life Supplements do not skimp on formulas. They source only the finest quality ingredients, and this has become their "thing" over the last couple of years.
It's damn refreshing, because there are too many poor supplements on the market.
Refuel comes with 43 grams of carbohydrates per shake, arriving via gluten free waxy maize starch and oat flour.
If you're a fan of fitness buzzwords, things certainly don't come "cleaner" than that, my friend.
That 43 gram serving is perfect.
See back in the days when mass gainers were all the rage, we believed we needed an avalanche of carbohydrates after each workout to create as much MPS (muscle protein synthesis) as possible.
Guys would have post-workout meals of 80, 90, even 100 grams – enough to make us leave the gym feeling like a bloated rhinoceros!
But science has since proved this to be incorrect.
The inclusion of digestive enzymes (DigeZyme) is a nice touch to Refuel, as this will help the body to digest more of the nutrition on offer here.
The Refuel formula also comes with a large serving of essential amino acids.
EAAs are deemed essential because the body does not know how to produce them, they must be consumed through diet, and they offer a host of benefits ranging from improved joint support, to immune system function, to reducing inflammation, to even better hair and skin.
People often focus only on BCAAs (branch chain amino acids) because they're the amino acids linked more closely to building muscle.
I'm a big fan of EAAs, and I believe that anyone currently using a BCAA supplement should replace that with an EAA supplement immediately. You see, while the big three BCAAs may have a greater impact on muscle growth, if your diet is deficient in any of the amino acids no lean muscle will be built at all.
Most people are unaware of this, and I put that down to the fact there is still a lot of silly advice out there regarding BCAAs in general.
Like this article from Myprotein, which suggests that you can consume amino acids during intermittent fasting without breaking your fast (not true). The reason BCAA and EAA products state they have zero calories is because current food industry regulations prevent the manufacturers from listing the calorie content of free-form amino acids, so the products do actually contain calories and will break your fasting period.
If there was an award for logo re-branding of the decade, Love Life Supplements would have it nailed down.
The name Love Life Supplements does sum up the company's approach to great ingredients and simple nutrition, but it's quite a mouthful. The first time I saw the new logo, and realized they've managed to craft the letters "LLS" into a heart symbol, it blew my damn mind.
So much so, in fact, they popped me a t-shirt.
That's possibly the longest section of good points I've ever written, so Refuel is off to a fantastic start in this review, but no supplement is perfect.
There is no creatine included in the product.
I mean, creatine is very cheap to pick up on its own, and I believe everyone should own a standalone tub of creatine monohydrate, but it could have been included for convenience if I want to nitpick (and I do).
But as far as bad points go, and the way I usually tear products to shreds in this section, I'd say Refuel has come through mostly unscathed.
Does Refuel continue the line of fine releases from Love Life Supplements? Or is it their first product to miss the mark completely?
As you have probably already guessed, I loved Refuel.
It belongs up there with the best post-workout supplements the industry has to offer, and contains a far superior science-based formula than many so-called industry big dogs.
With this product, LLS have built upon their steadily growing reputation as a premium supplement brand renowned for using only the absolute best ingredients in their products.
That high quality is reflected in the price, of course, and it should be.
This is a supplement company that I encourage readers to keep a close eye on in future, because they're doing wonderful things in a fitness industry over-saturated with bulls**t products.
That being said, let's whack four stars on it!
If you want to try Refuel, it is here.
← Does Fasted Cardio Burn More Fat?


A delightfully secluded town cottage with a large enclosed garden with views of the River Teifi and St Mary's Church. It is ideally placed in the historic town of Cardigan, providing a peaceful location and within walking distance of all the town amenities including shops, cafes, The Welsh Wildlife Centre, a haven for bird watching and Theatr Mwldan offering live shows and a cinema.
Nearby beaches include Poppit Sands, Mwnt, Tresaith, Newport and Llangrannog.
There is an 18 hole golf course at Gwbert within a short drive. Boat mooring and slipway within a few yards of the cottage.
Kitchen/diner overlooks the enclosed garden, fully equipped with dining table and chairs, gas hob and oven, washing machine, microwave, toaster and fridge/freezer.
Ground floor bathroom with bath (please bring your own towels), electric shower, wash basin and wc. Upstairs cloakroom with toilet and wash basin.
WiFi. Full gas central heating. Children welcome. Free car parking. Sorry no pets.


Economic 10-pack of CBDium THC free ACUTE – a complex 100% natural hemp product that contains a wide spectrum of cannabinoids and terpenes. Each drop of CBDium THC free ACUTE contains approx. 4.00 mg or 10% of CBD.


"Larry is great at making his couples look and feel comfortable while he's shooting them. His photos are always natural and personal."
"Larry and his assistant are constant professionals. He has a calming presence which made us and our guests feel very comfortable."
"Larry is easy-going, has an extensive background, showed us beautiful photos and albums, provided an inclusive package within our budget, and was willing to modify the package to accommodate our needs."


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WRAL Online Ranks Among Favorite Destinations of Triangle Web Surfers
WRAL OnLine is a top destination for Triangle Internet users, according to a new survey. New York-based Media Metrix ranks WRAL OnLine as the 13th most popular Internet site among computer users in the Raleigh-Durham market. The only other local web domains making the Media Metrix top 25 list were unc.edu and state.nc.us, which are collections of university and state government Internet sites.
"We're obviously pleased with the Media Metrix survey," said John Conway, WRAL-TV5's director of new media. "We knew from our average weekly page views that we were one of the most popular destinations of Triangle Internet surfers, and now Media Metrix has confirmed our market-leading position among local news and information providers."
Media Metrix is an Internet audience measurement firm similar to Nielsen. Media Metrix uses software on users' computers to track web browsing habits in real time. Media Metrix meters a selected panel of users in 38 local markets to gauge traffic to local web sites. The Triangle Business Journal printed the top 25 list and says WRAL OnLine is "the top local web site in terms of clickstream data."
WRAL OnLine's No. 13 ranking places it ahead of popular national sites such as MSNBC and Amazon.com, and ahead of search engine sites such as Alta Vista and HotBot. WRAL OnLine, which launched in January 1996, now averages more than 1 million page views a week, more than six million ad impressions a month, and more than 200,000 unique visitors each month.
Congratulations again for a job well done.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Dates and locations for the 2019 OSU Wheat Field Tours have been announced by OSU Extension. A total of 32 Tours have been announced- running from April 23rd to May 28th across the wheat belt.
Click on the PDF link at the bottom of this story to see the complete list with contact numbers to obtain more details.


No matter what kind of equipment you're using, the space they are in determines sound performance more than anything else. The size and shape, levels of absorption and reflection, even the materials used in construction all affect the way sound waves move through a space.
This science of sound is a dense subject, but a few fundamentals can help you understand how sound waves behave, and what parts of your space are helping – and hurting – what you hear.
Sound is measured in frequencies (Hz), which travels in the form of waves. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch! Higher pitches (or higher frequencies) have a much shorter wavelength than lower frequencies/pitches. This affects how the sound waves travel, and one of the reasons you can hear lower pitches (bass) at a further distance from the sound source.
It's important to keep these things in mind when you're doing acoustic treatment, or just when listening to how a particular room sounds. The larger wave forms of lower pitches cover more distance with each cycle, so the bass in the back of a room may be drastically different than right near a subwoofer or amplifier (for just one example).
When sound waves hit a surface, they behave in a variety of ways. When they "bounce," it is typically with either reflection or diffusion. Sound waves reflect when they strike a flat surface and bounce back in the same direction. Because a tiny fraction of the energy is lost, the reflected frequency is quite identical – this leads to overtones and distortion within the nearly identical sound waves, and is the primary reason that large, flat surfaced rooms sound harsh to the ear.
Alternatively, when sound waves strike rounded or uneven surfaces, they are diffused – meaning the are "bounced" in multiple directions. Since they don't reflect exactly back on themselves, there isn't interference among the waveforms. This is why you see acoustic treatment with textured surfaces, or why rooms with many angles and objects tend to sound "warmer" or less harsh.
Sound waves are also absorbed by the objects they hit. Different materials offer different levels of absorption, and frequencies ranges behave in their own unique waves. Higher frequencies are more easily absorbed, while lower frequencies can pass through objects. This means that lower frequencies often far more difficult to control. Absorbent materials, like foam, sound absorbing panels, etc. certainly help, but those large waves have to go so somewhere!
There are sophisticated devices and calculations for determining materials absorb what frequencies, and all of these come into play when designing a room with acoustics in mind – or simply adding treatments to a space to improve acoustic properties.
In fact, the science of sound is far more than high and low pitches, or what direction your speakers are pointing. It's math and physics, vibrations in the air moving at incredible speeds and behaving in fascinating, complex ways. For many audio engineers, getting a handle on the basics of acoustics – especially within rooms – is important to mastering their equipment. For architectural acoustic designers, it's an entire world of study… And for physicists, it's even deeper!
For questions about your space – and how to improve its acoustics, contact Sound Connections Group today!


There appears to be no doubt that the Urhobo nation is one that is in motion, both within itself and in relation to the larger Nigerian society and the world at large. Although you might doubt this dynamics from the tone of the following discourse, it takes nothing away from the fact that we are a dynamic people in very dynamic times. In effect the Urhobo nation cannot be oblivious of the times we live in and the social, cultural economic clime besetting all of us. The task to reposition the Urhobo nation intellectually is great, the challenge is daunting and the journey will be arduous. The course and sense of this dynamics is what this paper intends to espouse in general and in particular emphasize the need for a renewed technological push towards achieving a developmental and societal paradigm shift towards becoming more of a knowledge driven producing people. This production here is one that is spawned out of a rich, flourishing, and deliberately entrenched intellectual culture: an intellectual culture that should be at par with and even leading anything found the world over. We must begin to prepare and stock up on the intellectual capital needed to thrive within a knowledge-based economy not depending solely on the natural resources obtainable from the earth underneath our feet.
To put the last statement in perspective, I want to draw our attention to some of the obvious happenings around us and point out the manner of influence these events have had on us. With the larger global economic meltdown affecting all nations to varying degrees worldwide, we cannot remove ourselves from the impact this crisis is having on a people who are predominantly traders and derive their economic livelihoods almost in direct proportion to the health of the larger world economy. This is natural also, considering the use of the dollar (American green back) as the monetary standard for trade amongst nations. It therefore follows that as the dollar or the country that owns that currency (in this case united states of America) falters economically, all other economies depending on this currency and deriving their trade from the US mainly, are exposed to the same economic vicissitudes. The fact need not be overstated that with Nigeria being chiefly a consuming nation and deriving most of her imports from the US, we are bound to experience a large amount of the shocks that must naturally flow out of our dependence on US made goods and services. We must also place this within the narrower context of having for the first time a black man as the president of the united states and the hopes it raises for nations like ours which might falsely be lured into thinking this presents potential for a better trade balance between both nations, however misplaced it is to think that this solves all of the problems we face.
On the need to be more involved in the sources of our economic sustenance, it is not too early to ask ourselves where the next major source of revenue will come from after our oil is gone. This is definitely not a panic question; if we choose to see ourselves now as the goose that lays the golden egg, we must be asking the question what happens when the oil goes out of production, because the Urhobo people will not be migrating out of their lands when this happens and we will also not be given the kind of attention being given the Niger delta now with all the carrots and palliative incentives being offered. Also we definitely will not be having our youths put up under any guise the banner of confrontation towards a central government that may begin to see itself as less obligated to respond to the wishes of the Niger Delta. In a nut shell, I am trying to describe the on-you- own mentality that will ensue from our oil drying up. And if history has lessons to teach us, we must know that when outward aggression ceases, internal unrest rears its head. Do we see all the aggression being channeled towards the central government being reproduced nearer to home because we failed to plan and cater for the future developmental needs of our people? If the question is asked what should be done, a currently applicable example will be the events taking place in the Arabian Gulf country of UAE which shares similarity with Nigeria and the Niger Delta in being a major oil producing region with its oil resources dwindling. Having said that, it is the measures these countries are taking to ensure sustenance that is important with massive investment in their human capital and developmental projects that will ensure continuity of revenue generation without oil.
Coming home to the regional or national level, we are a people faced with very daunting and seemingly insurmountable challenges. From the underrepresentation which is obvious at the national level to the muting of the Urhobo voice at other levels of government. There is indeed a dearth of involvement by Urhobo and also a great time of opportunity to reverse our ill fortunes if we only strive conscientiously, constructively and purposefully to bring the Urhobo to the forefront of everything influential and involving. Events in our immediate geopolitical space of the Niger delta must be made mention of as it speaks volumes about where we are coming from and where we are headed. The menace of militancy and the attendant eroding of our value systems (cultural and economic), makes for poignant mentioning at this time. Since this paper isn't much about discussing the nature of militancy in the Niger Delta and its attendant effect on the lives of Urhobo sons or daughters, we will not deny the effect militancy has had on us mentally and psychologically. This being said, I have to say it has in no small way made us a weaker and more unstable people. This is so because the gains it brings are transient and vacillating. Also the truth must be told that the intent of the struggle was hijacked (if there ever was a sound basis for starting off in the first place) and corrupted. Any endeavor founded upon the shaky sands of greed and avarice is bound to leave out the majority of those it will naturally purport to help and thereby make a mockery of the intended goals.
In a world driven by economics, the man who holds the tools for production being king, the most important tool of today's globalised world is the intellectual capital and knowledge base obtainable within any society. This I propose should be the direction of thrust for the Urhobo nation in its planning for tomorrow. If we are not going to be considered losers at the demise of the oil era, we must learn to indigenously grow into a nation with skills and education to match. The intellectual content of the average Urhobo should be able to compete with the best anywhere. And a culture of production should be aimed at so as not to waste all this human capital on the pages of books, journals and within the walls of classrooms.
Nothing stops Nigeria's development from being tied to the development of the Urhobo nation with the Urhobo son and daughter being at the very heart of this development. Our level of development should be a measure of the advancement of whatever society we find ourselves participating in. Considering the times of globalization we live in and the shifting of standards, we must make sure we are at the forefront of whatever competition is going on around the world. By this competition I am referring to intellectual competition. This is the competition that differentiates and thrives on the trade of ideas and the stacking up on intellectual currency. The Urhobo nation must see the imperative in building up an intellectually self sustaining society with the power house of that society being the engendering and engineering of skill, professionalism and pursuit of knowledge for short, medium and long term strategic planning. The aim of this exercise should be to make sure that Urhobos are found at the forefront of every cutting edge decision and policy that is made. We should truly show ourselves to be the big heart of this nation and a true measure of the pulse and health of Nigeria.
Drifting a little bit from the core message which has been more of a hypothetical exercise, a more practical firsthand account of ways in which the Urhobo nation seems to display its aloofness with important matters bedeviling it is in the area of Nigeria's space industry. The strategic nature of the Nigerian space industry is going to be my talking point for now and the important role to be played by the intellectual input and output going into this establishment is one I will emphasize in no small measure.
The Nigerian space industry is one that started off in 1999 and has the mandate of launching Nigeria into being a player in the space industry and into becoming one of those few countries with the capacity to manage and coordinate events outside of our immediate atmosphere and environment. The means and technological knowhow to get objects into orbit and control same is an engineering and scientific feat; mastery of which leapfrogs a nation many miles ahead technologically: from the manufacture of new and novel materials to the creation of entire industries that support large portions of the host communities through gainful employment; to the ability to hold a strong military presence by possessing the wherewithal for weapons technology that encourages deterrence and offence from a distance. Also the ability to monitor from space any point on earth you wish to monitor in a non invasive manner makes the pursuit of this technology imperative. We can pretend to feign ignorance and relegate the importance of this venture. We might say it is not for us to be interested in such things as I frequently hear the Urhobo man say he is more interested in what happens on his soil to the utter exclusion of all that happens outside his immediate domain..It must be said that our domain has blurred and we no longer have that luxury of claiming an isolated existence but that just doesn't exist any longer. We must vie and compete for all that there is to compete for as an ethnic nationality within the wider national space so as to make our voice strong powerful and most especially relevant in our times. This outlook must change for we can't leave others to manage what lies within us, more so when it has to do with the products of our minds.
The need to grow a strong and self sustaining science program for the students of Urhobo extraction is imperative for the challenges of tomorrow if we must have a sound intellectual societal engine to drive the change we so desperately need. Though not foreseeing any separate existence for the Urhobo nation, we must not rely on the expertise of others to bring the consciousness and necessity of being proficient in any scientific and cultural endeavor to the Urhobo nation. We must have our own experts in every possible field of human endeavor as can be authoritatively said of some other ethnic groups who seem to be ever more increasingly aware of the need to acquire and remain at the cutting edge of knowledge acquisition and the task of getting intellectuals properly dispersed in every field of scientific endeavor. When this happens and experts are needed to occupy positions, the heritage factor comes into play and statistically those with the highest number of experts will more readily be available for filling these positions and dictating the policy and also bringing more of their ilk into the frame of things. Now why do we not consider pursuing similar academic outlook and push for a quiet albeit accelerated drive to get persons of Urhobo extraction into all of the cutting edge areas of science and engineering to drive this technological effort?
One way to achieve this will be to inquire into the nature of education our students get and see how relevant this is to achieving the goals stated here. If it can't be done as a consistent Urhobo agenda due to the mixed ethnic composition of our schools, we can develop schemes of identifying and grooming potential talents all through their academic career and harnessing their efforts into the larger Urhobo plan of technological growth. This scheme can be used to sponsor and track the intellectual flow within the Urhobo nation and even archive the names and expertise of these professionals so as to have a data bank for reference purposes. These experts must also be made to recognize the collective effort put into his or her training, so that they understand the need to give back and perpetuate whatever knowledge they have acquired. It goes without saying therefore that we have to live and learn from our mistakes, correcting them whenever we discover them and moving ahead to greater pursuits.


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Mos Def, Jurassic 5 To Play Benefit For Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin
Dilated Peoples also on bill to assist former Black Panther.
archive-Teri-vanHorn 04/06/2001
LOS ANGELES — An upcoming benefit show featuring Mos Def, Jurassic 5 and Dilated Peoples will raise money to help cover the legal fees of Muslim cleric and former Black Panther Jamil Abdullah Al-Amin, who is accused of shooting a police officer.
Rapper Planet Asia and hip-hop/dance group Zion I will also perform at the "Hip Hop for Consciousness" benefit on May 12 at the Watts Labor Community Action Committee Center.
Al-Amin, formerly known as H. Rap Brown, is awaiting trial in Georgia's Fulton County Jail for a March 2000 shootout that left one sheriff's deputy dead and another wounded. Al-Amin's supporters say he was framed.
As H. Rap Brown in the 1960's, Al-Amin was Chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee and Minister of Justice for the Black Panther Party. He converted to Islam during the '70s while in prison for robbery and assault. He moved to Atlanta following his release and founded a mosque in the West End district, where he worked to clear the community of drugs and broker harmony among rival gangs.
Jurassic 5
Planet Asia


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Region to implement new law on fuel sulphur emissions in 2015
The new law, which comes into effect in January 2015, will require all EAC states to use fuel with low sulphur content of 50 parts per million (ppm) for diesel and 150 parts per million (ppm) for petrol.
Unep argues that it is important for EAC countries to adopt low sulphur fuel because particulate matter is believed to cause an estimated 3.2 million premature deaths annually.
By JEFF OTIENO The EastAfrican


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Понура () — річка в Україні, у Дубенському районі Рівненської області. Ліва притока Замишівки, (басейн Прип'яті).

Опис
Довжина річки приблизно 6,26 км, найкоротша відстань між витоком і гирлом — 3,56,49  км, коефіцієнт звивистості річки — 1,76 . Повністю каналізована.

Розташування
Бере початок на північно-західній стороні від села Зелений Дуб. Спочатку тече на північний захід, на північно-східній стороні від села Майдан річка тече переважно на північний схід і неподалік від урочища Гурби впадає у річку Замишівку, праву притоку Тартачки.

Примітки

Малі річки України
Річки Рівненської області
Річки Дубенського району
Статті про річки Рівненської області без зображення в картці

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What Causes Lump At Back Of Neck?
Lump at back of neck can have various causes, ranging in severity from 'serious' to 'generally fatal'. Finding the true cause means ruling out or confirming each possibility – in other words, diagnosis.
BACK OF NECK: Do you have any swollen or tender lymph nodes here?


THE Upper Hunter Conservatorium of Music is now operating out of freshly-renovated Campbell's Corner.
DENMAN is set to undergo a multi-million dollar facelift. Muswellbrook Shire Council released a draft Concept Master Plan for the town centre to locals.
There will be something for everyone at the Muswellbrook Show.


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Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict
Alan McCully, Brendan Hartop, Keith Barton
Between 9-13 September, 2002 the UNESCO Centre ran an international seminar on the theme of 'Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict'. The seminar offered participants from several countries the opportunity to outline the context of their present situation and the response of history teaching to internal conflict and the move toward more democratic structures. The outcomes of the seminar sought to identify the difficulties faced in each case, to ascertain whether or not there are common factors applying in such situations and, if so, are there benefits from adopting common approaches.The seminar was organised by Alan McCully and Brendan Hartop of the UNESCO Centre. More than twenty people from ten countries were represented. These included curriculum developers, teacher educators and history teachers. Delegates from seven countries placed their experience of history teaching under the spotlight – those from Russia, Estonia, Latvia, South Africa, Cyprus, Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland. In addition there were important contributions from University of Ulster academics Professor Alan Smith, Professor Keith Jeffrey, Dr. Elizabeth Crooke and Dr. Roger Austin. Professor Wolfgang Hoepken of the Georg Echert Institut for Textbook Research in Braunsweig, Germany spoke of the role of textbooks in developing curricula for social change. Dr. Keith Barton of the University of Cincinnati, a visiting scholar to the UNESCO Centre acted as summarizer and Rapporteur for the week.Several interesting themes emerged from the week; for example, the importance of academic historians in embracing a multi-perspective approach to history as a pre-condition for change in school history and the particular challenges involved in handling those aspects of the past relating to once dominant groups whose position has recently been eroded. A full report of the seminar's outcomes is to be published by the UNESCO Centre.
McCully, A., Hartop, B., & Barton, K. (2003). Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict.
McCully, Alan ; Hartop, Brendan ; Barton, Keith. / Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict. 2003. 19 p.
@book{f9797f1f5b584513aa1d28616396e472,
title = "Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict",
abstract = "Between 9-13 September, 2002 the UNESCO Centre ran an international seminar on the theme of 'Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict'. The seminar offered participants from several countries the opportunity to outline the context of their present situation and the response of history teaching to internal conflict and the move toward more democratic structures. The outcomes of the seminar sought to identify the difficulties faced in each case, to ascertain whether or not there are common factors applying in such situations and, if so, are there benefits from adopting common approaches.The seminar was organised by Alan McCully and Brendan Hartop of the UNESCO Centre. More than twenty people from ten countries were represented. These included curriculum developers, teacher educators and history teachers. Delegates from seven countries placed their experience of history teaching under the spotlight – those from Russia, Estonia, Latvia, South Africa, Cyprus, Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland. In addition there were important contributions from University of Ulster academics Professor Alan Smith, Professor Keith Jeffrey, Dr. Elizabeth Crooke and Dr. Roger Austin. Professor Wolfgang Hoepken of the Georg Echert Institut for Textbook Research in Braunsweig, Germany spoke of the role of textbooks in developing curricula for social change. Dr. Keith Barton of the University of Cincinnati, a visiting scholar to the UNESCO Centre acted as summarizer and Rapporteur for the week.Several interesting themes emerged from the week; for example, the importance of academic historians in embracing a multi-perspective approach to history as a pre-condition for change in school history and the particular challenges involved in handling those aspects of the past relating to once dominant groups whose position has recently been eroded. A full report of the seminar's outcomes is to be published by the UNESCO Centre.",
author = "Alan McCully and Brendan Hartop and Keith Barton",
note = "Reference text: Barton K.C. and McCully A.W. (2002) 'History and Identity among Secondary Students in Northern Ireland.' Paper presented to the American Educational Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans. Kincheloe J. and Steinberg S. (1996) Changing Multiculturalism, Open University: Milton Keynes Giroux H. (1992) Border Crossings, New York: Routledge. McCully, A. (1997) 'The Northern Ireland History Curriculum and National Identity', Pendry A. and O'Neill C. ed., Principles and Practice: Analytical Perspectives on Curriculum Reform and Changing Pedagogy from History Teacher Educators, Lancaster: SCHTE, pp.30-37. McCully A. (1998) The teaching of history in a divided community, Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Phillips R., Goalen P., McCully A. and Wood S. (1999) 'Four Histories, One Nation? History teaching, nationhood and a British identity', Compare , 29, (2), pp.153-169 Smith A. and Robinson A. (1996) Education for Mutual Understanding: the initial statutory years, Centre for the Study of Conflict, University of Ulster: Coleraine Smith A. and Vaux T. (2003) Education, Conflict and International Development, Department of International Development (UK): London.",
McCully, A, Hartop, B & Barton, K 2003, Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict.
Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict. / McCully, Alan; Hartop, Brendan; Barton, Keith.
T1 - Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict
AU - Hartop, Brendan
AU - Barton, Keith
N1 - Reference text: Barton K.C. and McCully A.W. (2002) 'History and Identity among Secondary Students in Northern Ireland.' Paper presented to the American Educational Association Annual Meeting, New Orleans. Kincheloe J. and Steinberg S. (1996) Changing Multiculturalism, Open University: Milton Keynes Giroux H. (1992) Border Crossings, New York: Routledge. McCully, A. (1997) 'The Northern Ireland History Curriculum and National Identity', Pendry A. and O'Neill C. ed., Principles and Practice: Analytical Perspectives on Curriculum Reform and Changing Pedagogy from History Teacher Educators, Lancaster: SCHTE, pp.30-37. McCully A. (1998) The teaching of history in a divided community, Strasbourg: Council of Europe. Phillips R., Goalen P., McCully A. and Wood S. (1999) 'Four Histories, One Nation? History teaching, nationhood and a British identity', Compare , 29, (2), pp.153-169 Smith A. and Robinson A. (1996) Education for Mutual Understanding: the initial statutory years, Centre for the Study of Conflict, University of Ulster: Coleraine Smith A. and Vaux T. (2003) Education, Conflict and International Development, Department of International Development (UK): London.
N2 - Between 9-13 September, 2002 the UNESCO Centre ran an international seminar on the theme of 'Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict'. The seminar offered participants from several countries the opportunity to outline the context of their present situation and the response of history teaching to internal conflict and the move toward more democratic structures. The outcomes of the seminar sought to identify the difficulties faced in each case, to ascertain whether or not there are common factors applying in such situations and, if so, are there benefits from adopting common approaches.The seminar was organised by Alan McCully and Brendan Hartop of the UNESCO Centre. More than twenty people from ten countries were represented. These included curriculum developers, teacher educators and history teachers. Delegates from seven countries placed their experience of history teaching under the spotlight – those from Russia, Estonia, Latvia, South Africa, Cyprus, Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland. In addition there were important contributions from University of Ulster academics Professor Alan Smith, Professor Keith Jeffrey, Dr. Elizabeth Crooke and Dr. Roger Austin. Professor Wolfgang Hoepken of the Georg Echert Institut for Textbook Research in Braunsweig, Germany spoke of the role of textbooks in developing curricula for social change. Dr. Keith Barton of the University of Cincinnati, a visiting scholar to the UNESCO Centre acted as summarizer and Rapporteur for the week.Several interesting themes emerged from the week; for example, the importance of academic historians in embracing a multi-perspective approach to history as a pre-condition for change in school history and the particular challenges involved in handling those aspects of the past relating to once dominant groups whose position has recently been eroded. A full report of the seminar's outcomes is to be published by the UNESCO Centre.
AB - Between 9-13 September, 2002 the UNESCO Centre ran an international seminar on the theme of 'Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict'. The seminar offered participants from several countries the opportunity to outline the context of their present situation and the response of history teaching to internal conflict and the move toward more democratic structures. The outcomes of the seminar sought to identify the difficulties faced in each case, to ascertain whether or not there are common factors applying in such situations and, if so, are there benefits from adopting common approaches.The seminar was organised by Alan McCully and Brendan Hartop of the UNESCO Centre. More than twenty people from ten countries were represented. These included curriculum developers, teacher educators and history teachers. Delegates from seven countries placed their experience of history teaching under the spotlight – those from Russia, Estonia, Latvia, South Africa, Cyprus, Sri Lanka and Northern Ireland. In addition there were important contributions from University of Ulster academics Professor Alan Smith, Professor Keith Jeffrey, Dr. Elizabeth Crooke and Dr. Roger Austin. Professor Wolfgang Hoepken of the Georg Echert Institut for Textbook Research in Braunsweig, Germany spoke of the role of textbooks in developing curricula for social change. Dr. Keith Barton of the University of Cincinnati, a visiting scholar to the UNESCO Centre acted as summarizer and Rapporteur for the week.Several interesting themes emerged from the week; for example, the importance of academic historians in embracing a multi-perspective approach to history as a pre-condition for change in school history and the particular challenges involved in handling those aspects of the past relating to once dominant groups whose position has recently been eroded. A full report of the seminar's outcomes is to be published by the UNESCO Centre.
M3 - Commissioned report
BT - Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict
McCully A, Hartop B, Barton K. Teaching History in Societies Emerging from Conflict. 2003. 19 p.
Contested history reportFinal published version, 108 KB


I can still vividly recall when my very last boss—think snarky, entitled despot—decided to pitch a screaming hissy fit.
I swore I'd never again be at the mercy of a tyrant (or for that matter, a boss).
It was the perfect lesson at the perfect time: we each own the power to choose how we want our life to go.
The trick is to use it.
If you're reading this, chances are you've built your business up to six figures—using your brains, hard-won experience, no small amount of sweat and concentrated focus.
But once you've created some success for yourself (the kind where you can actually exhale now and then), it's tempting to search for outside validation beyond your core tribe.
Maybe you're hoping Malcolm Gladwell will blurb your book, Oprah will bless your idea or your dream media outlet will declare you this year's bomb.
Would it feel uh-mazing to have a big-time celebrity seal of approval?
Betting your emotional marbles on being "anointed" is passive.
And you've gotten used to holding the reigns.
To deciding who gets to play in your sandbox.
To setting the rules vs. dancing to someone else's tune.
So absolutely go after your idols—after all, your job as an authority is to spread your big idea.
But resist the temptation to invest your psychic energy in seeking to be anointed.
Because the power to choose is actually YOURS.
The perfect additions to your circle may be others just ahead or coming up right behind you.
It just might be your turn to do the anointing.


text:
Q: CSS background for entire half of '.row' inside '.col-md-6' I am trying to set a background for half of a row as shown in the image  with the grey representing the background image.
But when I set the background of the second .col-md-6, It only sets the background for that and leaves out the padding. I understand that is how it is meant to be. But I was hoping for suggestions on how to go about this while achieving the layout I want ( shown in the image). I am using Bootstrap 4.
So far my code structure is:

         TITLE AND CONTENT LEFT

         TITLE AND CONTENT LEFT

My CSS is:
#right{
 background-size:cover;
 background-image: imageUrl;
}

//For overlay over image
#right:before{
 content:"";
 position: absolute;
 left:0; right: 0;
 top: 0; bottom: 0;
 background: rgba(195,68,86,0.2);
}

A: I assume you are using Bootstrap. The .row class has margins related to its parent. And since the .col-md-6 is inside the .row element, it has to respect its boundaries (thats how HTML and CSS works), except if you make the position of the .col-md-6 class "absolute", but that's not the default behavior with out-of-the-box bootstrap.
You could consider using .row-fluid, it changes the margins, but if you want to keep that padding, you will need to make some custom css to make the padding inside the .col-md-6 classes.
And remember:
margin > border > padding
The background is applied only inside the borders.

A: Use class container-fluid and following css.

CSS
.row {
  border: 5px solid black;
}

.col-6 {
  padding: 0 0 0 30px;
}

.row div.col-6:last-child {
  background: #aaa;
  padding: 0 30px 0 0;
}

.container {
  padding: 0 30px 0 0;
  border: 1px solid grey;
}

Sample: https://jsfiddle.net/aq9Laaew/47448/

A: The easiesst way:

section{position: relative;min-height: 200px;}
section:before{content:"";position: absolute;left:50%; right: 0; top: 0; bottom: 0;background: rgba(195,68,86,0.2);}
<link href="https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/4.1.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"/>

         LEFT

         RIGHT

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
- ImFifa News -
iMfifa Share Forbes Star Income List
Imfifa is a professional Fifa Coins selling site. The advantage is lowest price and fastest delivery. You can make a comparison with other sites. Here comes the topic.
The debate that C Ronaldo and Lionel Messi who is better has continued, but Forbes has revealed who earns the most. In its published list of income, C Ronaldo ranked first for two consecutive years, to become the highest paid footballer.
30-year-old Portuguese star played for Real Madrid, whose income last year in salary, bonuses and endorsement is $ 79 million. C Ronaldo not only won the Golden Globe Award for two consecutive years. He also has many fans on social media, 102 million Facebook fans, 35 million Twitter fans, are both ranked first. He earned a total of $ 27 million for his commercial endorsements on Nike and CR7 brand sponsorship.
As for Messi, the Argentine star income is $ 70.5 million last year, ranking second. Last May, Barcelona offers its 7th contracts to Messi, more $ 9 million a year income. In athletics, Messi staged a total of 32 times hat-tricks, setting a club record in Spain. And he scored most goals of the players. In addition, Messi income in Adidas commercial sponsor is $ 10 million.
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text:
Q: VBScript DateDiff month I am having a problem about getting the month datedifference between two dates.
Here is a sample:
DateDiff("m","2014-10-17","2014-10-30")

The above code returns 0 months since it is less than a month. But,
DateDiff("m","2014-10-17","2014-11-01")

returns 1 which should not be since it is still 15 days.
My problem is I want to see if these two dates already exceed a month but it seems that it calculates 1 month only when the month part of the date is changed.

A: DateDiff calculates the span between two timestamps with the precision defined in the first parameter. From what you described in your question and comments you rather seem to be looking for something like this:
ds1 = "2014-10-17"
ds2 = "2014-10-30"

d1 = CDate(ds1)
d2 = CDate(ds2)

diff = DateDiff("m", d1, d2)
If diff > 0 And Day(d2) < Day(d1) Then diff = diff - 1

WScript.Echo diff & " full months have passed between " & ds1 & " and " & ds2 & "."

A: You can calculate day difference between two dates using 'DateDiff("d",date1,date2)'.
Then calculate number of full-month by dividing 30 days.
Following is an example.
monthDiff = int(DateDiff("d","2014-10-17","2014-11-01") / 30)

As you know, days of months differs by month. For example, November has 30 days and December has 31 days.
If you wish to use 30 days a month when first day is on November, and to use 31 days a month whe first day is on December, the code need a table of days of months and routine to handle month information.


The High-Flying variable mobile suit Arios from Gundam 00's second season is a sharply detailed and fun to build 1/144 scale High Grade. The Arios Gundam comes with all of the weapons seen in the show including the GN Sub Machine Guns located under the wrists, the GN Twin Beam Rifle, GN Beam Shields that can turn into the GN Claw and even a pair of GN Beam Sabers. The Arios can transform into mobile armor mode as well and even comes with a stand to simulate it in flight mode!


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Solution: By thoroughly researching the basis for specific language in the regulations, a more thorough understanding can be reached, allowing for an increase in potential lot density.
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text:
Switch to unified communications brings major e-discovery headache
02 Jun Switch to unified communications brings major e-discovery headache
Madison, Wis. – To its advocates, unified communications is considered the answer to a number of business communication issues. The integration of all communications, including voice and data, over the Internet is gaining wider adoption as organizations pursue it for cost savings, businesses process transformation, enhanced collaboration, and even "green" benefits.
In business, IP telephony has reached about 25 percent of the global market, and many organizations are considering wider deployment, according to Technology Futures, Inc. However, an e-discovery concern that still is somewhat under the radar could slow adoption as companies learn that the move away from traditional phone service includes the conversion of voice mails into e-mail in the form of wave (audio) files.
In the event of litigation, they are discoverable in either case, but in electronic form these audio files must be converted to text, and the enabling voice-recognition technologies, while improving, may or may not meet varying court standards for accuracy. Due to technological limitations, it's not an easy issue to address, but the growing complexity of e-discovery has left most companies unprepared and vulnerable in terms of e-storage.
"I sense they [businesses] are probably sloppy in this area," said attorney Erik Phelps, a partner in the law firm Michael Best and Friedrich.
In this look at unified communications and its impact on e-discovery, WTN examines the business case for new technology, and the importance of making sure wave files are part of a business process for the proper handling of documents.
Business casing
Wave files are difficult to search because they are audio files, so there is no actual text information to pull out the document during a search. The challenge is not simply to convert the audio file to text, but to recognize the voice on the file in a highly accurate way.
Traditional voice recognition has the limitation of being very poor in what is called the voice-independent scenario, meaning it cannot identify the caller, explained Paul Hager, co-owner of VoVision, a Madison-based voice transcription service. "There are lots of different ways to try to improve that process, the most common of which is just trying to identify the caller and handle it in a voice-dependent manner," he said, "but again, that can't be done with just voice mail, so we get these sub par accuracy rates that are frustrating."
According to said Chris Jurkiewicz, vice president of electronic discovery technology for ONSITE3, an Arlington, Va.-based litigation support company, there are three known methods of converting audio into text:
Phonetic search – One method involves a simple phonetic search, a technology that is used by telecommunications companies. It basically analyzes the wave patterns of voice, attempts to match them to known libraries of information, and pulls out words that are, phonetically speaking, close to those wave patterns. The main downside of this method is that users get a lot of "false hits" when conducting a search. Another problem is that users don't get to see text – it doesn't actually show them any kind of text information that can be fed into another program that reads text – like another search engine or index. "It's also a developing technology and still in a refinement phase where vendors are constantly tweaking it to meet customer needs and demands," Jurkiewicz said.
Manual transcription – Another method is to transcribe the audio file word-for-word through outsourcing or offshoring. Under this model, voice mails are sent to another company or overseas to be transcribed into text, and the text information of each voice mail is returned via e-mail. In addition to the security concerns associated with transmitting e-mails with sensitive information, the negatives include the cost of transcription for what could amount to hundreds or thousands of files. "You're dealing with labor at that point," Jurkiewicz noted.
Automated transcription – A third method is offered by vendors who have been working to improve on the accuracy rates of voice recognition technology. ONSITE3 has developed voice-recognition software acts similarly to phonetic search, where it tries to convert sound into text. It uses the known libraries that exist, but it also tailors additional libraries to different industries. In the pharmaceutical area, for example, there are a lot of uncommon drug names and different ingredients that go into drugs that have to be spoken many times into the system. The spoken word and the typed word are entered into the system so that the software can recognize it.
VoVision tries to build on the accuracy of voice recognition from another angle – the users. As part of its voice-independent model, it uses a shared training database in which users, who train themselves within the network, can correct anything the system gets wrong. Like an anti-virus that occurs overnight, those corrections are shared among all users, increasing its accuracy each time. According to Hager, VoVision is able to see accuracy push into the 80 to 90 percent range, which he called "the Holy Grail" of voice recognition.
"There is a challenge because people call from all over the place with varying voice inflections, with varying call quality, from varying devices, and so we feel the only way to approach that properly is this Wikipedia of voice recognition type of approach, where everybody submits their corrections when they can through a web interface or through their e-mail program, and the voice model adapts over time."
The downside here, too, is that automated technologies still are developing. In ONSITE's case, the accuracy often depends on the clarity of the recording. For recordings of broadcast quality, it ranges from 85 percent to the high 90s, Jurkiewicz said. If it involves the conversion of an actual voice mail recording, the accuracy drops significantly – to between 40 and 60 percent.
With VoVision, potential clients have been reluctant to use a third-party service, so the company is looking to partner with a large telecommunications firm that would incorporate its technology into, ironically, a unified communications platform.
Part of the business case for addressing this issue is increased compliance, especially in regulated industries like insurance and finance, but the benefits extend beyond that. The touted business benefits start with the potential cost savings of narrowing the scope of the messages that law offices must listen to. In the case of e-discovery, cost savings also include cost avoidance now that courts are imposing tough sanctions – fines and disadvantageous instructions to the jury, or both – for companies that don't fully comply with an e-discovery request or that don't produce files in a text format.
"The savings, I know, are pretty easy to figure out," Jurkiewicz said. "In the past, clients would have to listen to every single wave file that was in their document set. Nowadays, with unified messaging, your going to have your e-mail riddled with these wave documents anytime a voice mail message is left. So you're going to have tons of attorney hours there listening to messages."
Best practices, best protection
Failing a completely accurate technology option, the best protection is a sound business process for the handling of voice mails in any form. Attorneys and vendors alike recommend making the handling of voice mails on wave files part of your document retention (and deletion) policy.
Like any document, voice mails can provide the smoking gun that determines the outcome of a lawsuit, so it's important to store, handle, and delete them in the proper way.
Since traditional voice mail already is discoverable, Phelps doesn't believe there is an increased legal risk by going to unified communications; in fact, organizations are storing more voice mail as a result of the conversion to unified communications. He noted that converting voice mail to electronic form makes files more accessible to more people, and makes them easier to store and move around, if not search. With increased accessibility comes the need for training on the proper employee handling in accordance with document retention policies and legal obligations.
The decision on what files to store and what and when to delete should boil down to the business value of the information contained in them, Phelps said, but businesses do have to establish legally sound policies. Some wave files are of the simple "return-my-call" variety and can be deleted as soon as a call is returned, but employees also must be trained as to what is potentially discoverable.
"They have to think broadly about e-storage," Phelps stated, "and make sure policies and procedures for producing electronic information run that broadly."
Since voice recognition technology is relatively new and immature, and because there are a limited number of vendors in this space, there has not been a large number of production requests to convert electronic audio files to text. That means there still is time for companies to prepare.
"It's still not heavily asked about in a lot of cases," Jurkiewicz said, "but there have been a few that have we've worked on."
• CDW: Falling technology confidence spreads to mid-sized companies
• Technology drives advances in home health monitoring
• Technology Futures identifies its top 19 technology trends for 2008
• Gartner's Top 10: Wisconsin companies progress to hot strategic technologies
• DHC 2007: Controlling health IT costs the key to capturing value


Mark Your Calendars – Run to the Lights is Coming Soon!
Time is drawing near for one of the most festive events of the year, benefiting Single Moms.
Elite Automotive's 9th Annual Run to the Lights 5k Race is November 7, 2014 at Silver Dollar City.
Head over to the Facebook event page to RSVP.
It's the perfect way to get in the Christmas spirit, and burn a few calories along the way. Participate in of the most popular 5k runs in the Ozarks.
This is just a teaser.. There's more great information to come, along with a brand new website, so stay tuned!


text:
define([
    'underscore', 'react', 'jquery', 'kendo', 'wingspan-forms',
    './util',
    './FacetDataStore',
    'json!../textassets/types/Contact.json'
], function (_, React, $, kendo, Forms, util, FacetDataStore, ContactModel) {
    'use strict';

    ContactModel = ContactModel.data;

    var App = React.createClass({

        getInitialState: function () {
            this.emptyFilters = _.object(_.map(_.keys(ContactModel.properties), function (field) { return [field, []]; }));
            return {
                filters: this.emptyFilters,
                facets: {}
            };
        },

        componentWillMount: function () {
            this.columns = [
                { title: ContactModel.properties['firstName'].label, width: '20%', template: '#: firstName #' },
                { title: ContactModel.properties['lastName'].label, width: '20%', template: '#: lastName #' },
                { title: ContactModel.properties['contactGroup'].label, width: '15%', template: '#: contactGroup #' },
                //{ template: '#: phoneNumber #' },
                { title: ContactModel.properties['email'].label, template: '#: email #' }
            ];
            this.dataSource = new FacetDataStore();
            this.dataSource._facetFilters = this.state.filters;
            this.dataSource.read().then(this.updateFacets).done();
        },

        componentWillUpdate: function (nextProps, nextState) {
            // if our filter state changed, we need to query for the facets
            if (!_.isEqual(this.state.filters, nextState.filters)) {
                this.dataSource._facetFilters = nextState.filters; // how to plumb this nicely?
                this.dataSource.read().then(this.updateFacets).done();
            }
        },

        updateFacets: function () {
            this.setState({ facets: this.dataSource.facets });
        },

        onFilterToggle: function (facet/*contactGroup*/, value/*work*/, isActive/*true*/) {
            var currentFiltersForField = this.state.filters[facet];
            var nextFiltersForField = (isActive ? _.union :_.difference)(currentFiltersForField, [value]);
            this.onChange(facet, nextFiltersForField);
        },

        onClearFilters: function () {
            this.setState({ filters: this.emptyFilters });
        },

        onClearFilter: function (facet, filter) {
            this.onChange(facet, _.difference(this.state.filters[facet], [filter]));
        },

        onChange: function (facet, value) {
            var newFilters = _.clone(this.state.filters);
            newFilters[facet] = value;

            this.setState({ filters: newFilters });
        },

        render: function () {

            var facetControls = _.map(this.state.facets, function (countsByVal/*work:6*/, facet/*contactGroup*/) {
                var nonZeroCountsByVal = util.filterMap(countsByVal, function (pair) {
                    return pair[1] !== 0;
                });
                var checkboxes = _.map(nonZeroCountsByVal, function (count, val) {
                    var controlId = `${facet}-${val}`; //str.sprintf('%s-%s', facet, val);
                    return (

                            <Forms.CheckBox label={val} id={controlId} value={_.contains(this.state.filters[facet], val)}
                                onChange={_.partial(this.onFilterToggle, facet, val)}/>
                            {count}

                    );
                }.bind(this));
                return (
                    <Forms.FormField key={facet} fieldInfo={_.object([['label', ContactModel.properties[facet].label]])}>
                        {checkboxes}
                    </Forms.FormField>
                );
            }.bind(this));

            var filterControls = _.map(this.state.filters, function (filters, facet) {
                return _.map(filters, function (filter) {
                    var key = `${facet}-${filter}`;//str.sprintf('%s-%s', facet, filter);
                    return ({filter});
                }.bind(this));
            }.bind(this));

            filterControls = _.flatten(filterControls);
            filterControls = (filterControls.length > 0
                ? ({_.flatten(filterControls)})
                : (Use filters on the left to narrow results.));

            return (

                                        {filterControls}

{facetControls}

                                    <Forms.KendoGrid
                                        className="KendoGrid"
                                        dataSource={this.dataSource}
                                        columns={this.columns}
                                        height="400" />

{JSON.stringify(this.state, undefined, 2)}

            );
        }
    });

    function entrypoint(rootElement) {
        React.render(<App />, rootElement);
    }

    return {
        entrypoint: entrypoint
    };
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The Failla Wines have been farmed organically since the beginning, adding compost and oyster-shell lime, hand-hoeing the weeds, and planting nitrogen-fixing cover-crops in the fall. The vines are also dry farmed; our property has the pleasure of being off the power grid and blessed with natural springs. This means the vineyard's water is muscled hundreds of vertical feet uphill by solar power and metered out miserly. We picked our first fruit from this vineyard in 2001, and have steadily increased production in the years since.
While the history of Failla (pronounced FAY-LA) is short, it is not without its complexities. Our first vintage release was as Failla-Jordan in 1998; the label taking its name from husband-and-wife team of winemaker Ehren Jordan and fellow debtor Anne-Marie Failla. That year, Failla's first release of Alban Vineyard Viognier (Edna Valley) and Que Syrah Syrah (Sonoma Coast) coincided with planting the first blocks at our Estate Vineyard in Cazadero. The Estate Property boasts a whopping 14 acres of planted vineyards on a 90 acre parcel several miles east of the Pacific Ocean.


text:
Les faits de Kaldor consistent en six énoncés sur la croissance économique, proposés par Nicholas Kaldor dans un article de 1961. Il les décrits comme une vue stylisée des faits ce qui conduira à l'expression fait stylisé. Ce sont des vérifications empiriques.

Contexte
Nicholas Kaldor se range, pendant une majeure partie de sa vie académique, au sein de l'école néoclassique. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, il évolue vers le keynésianisme puis vers le post-keynésianisme. Il rejette les modèles de croissance proposés par les néoclassiques, comme le modèle de Solow (qui est un modèle de croissance exogène), ou les modèles ultérieurs de croissance exogène. Considérant qu', il cherche à identifier empiriquement des constantes historiques qui permettent de comprendre les ressorts de la croissance.

Faits stylisés
Nicholas Kaldor résume les propriétés statistiques d'une croissance économique de long terme dans un article de 1957 intitulé . Il insiste sur les six remarquables constantes historiques mise en lumière par les investigations empiriques :
 Les parts du revenu national revenant au capital et au travail sont constants sur de longues périodes ;
 Le taux de croissance du capital par travailleur est constant sur une longue période ;
 Le taux de croissance de la production par travailleur est constant sur une longue période ;
 Le ratio capital/production est constant sur une longue période ;
 Le taux de retour sur investissement est constant sur une longue période ;
 Il existe des variations notables (de 2 à 5 pour cent) du taux de croissance de la productivité du travail et de la production totale entre les pays.

Kaldor ne dit pas que ces quantités sont tout le temps constantes. En effet, les taux de croissance et la part du revenu fluctuent fortement durant le cycle économique. Il s'agit pour Kaldor d'une constante en moyenne de longues périodes.

Postérité
Si les faits de Kaldor dérivent de données américaines et anglaises, ils se sont par la suite avérés dans de nombreux pays et ont fini par être connus comme des faits stylisés.

Certains faits sont toutefois plus discutés. Les faits 3 et 5, selon Patrick Artus, Agnès Bénassy-Quéré et Laurent Braquet, illustrent .

Dans Le Pouvoir de la destruction créatrice, Philippe Aghion, Céline Antonin et Simon Bunel montrent que le premier fait de Kaldor est empiriquement juste : la part du revenu national revenant au capital et au travail n'a quasiment pas évolué en France et au Royaume-Uni depuis le XIXe siècle, validant le fait 1. Aussi, le ratio capital/production est constant aux Etats-Unis depuis 1945 (évoluant entre 32% et 39% du PIB), à l'exception d'une hausse notable dans les années 2000 (fait 4). Aussi, le taux de retour sur investissement est également constant, ayant peu varié entre 1770 et 2010 dans ces deux pays, à l'exception de phases d'accélération après les guerres mondiales (fait 5).

Notes et références

Sources

Bibliographie

Voir aussi
 Croissance économique
 Fait stylisé
 Fonction technique du progrès

Croissance économique
1957 en économie


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As a mom of 2 myself I know how important it is to capture your baby's first year of milestones and beyond that. Those first smiles, the chubby baby rolls, learning to crawl or stand, it all goes by way too fast. And as those sweet little babies grow into toddlers capturing their personalities grow is just as important.
Baby Milestone or Toddler sessions investment is $325. This includes up to an hour in studio session, 2-3 set/outfit changes, and 20-30 final images with print release.
I love to capture toddlers in their element, when they are able to play with the set they open up and that's when we get those genuine smiles. From blowing glitter, to throwing leaves, or pushing toy cars across the studio room, we encourage silly playfulness! Some toddlers take longer to warm up than others, and that's okay! Planning a session that includes your child's interests can help encourage cooperation. What does your child love to play?


Allmed Waverley Plaza has Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Allmed Waverley Plaza changes or if it ceases to exist please call 061 515 9564 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Clicks Pharmacy & Clinic Brooklyn Mall changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Crossline Womens Clinic changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Cure Day Clinic Erasmuskloof changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-Chem Brooklyn Mall changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-Chem Glenfair changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-chem Hillcrest Boulevard changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
This is a Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-Chem Mams Mall changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
Dis-Chem Pharmacy Centurion Lake Mall has Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-Chem Pharmacy Centurion Lake Mall changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
Dis-Chem Pharmacy Hatfield has Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-Chem Pharmacy Hatfield changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.
Dis-Chem Pharmacy Hazeldean has Free Listing with the goVeza online local directory. Free Listings allow for a telephone number only. Majority of the landline numbers as supplied by Telkom directories and other open sources. In case that the number of Dis-Chem Pharmacy Hazeldean changes or if it ceases to exist please call 072 282 2219 during office hours for assistance.


Yesterday I turned 65. Bill and I had a really great day together, including a birthday dinner at the house. But there was no big ritual about it. I signed up for Medicare the month before. The day before I got my senior pass for the T, which allows me unlimited rides for $28 a month. But I did give a lot of thought to generations.
Over the last several years Bill and I have lost all the family members of the generation ahead of us except for one of my uncles. We've also lost our mentors and people who inspired us as they walked the path ahead. I understand far better now Marian Wright Edelman's need to write the book Lanterns: A Memoir of Mentors to honor the people who mentored and shed light on the way for her.
Just a month ago, we lost someone who started inspiring us in college and continued to do so up until his death. John Dunne was a prolific writer who taught at the University of Notre Dame for over 50 years. He was a great lover of God who saw life as a journey with God through time – a great adventure of which death was, perhaps, the most adventuresome part.
Much as I've reflected on how grateful I am for people like John who have inspired me, what is grabbing me now is the realization that I have moved into that generation. And I'm not entirely sure I'm up to it. I don't feel as wise or accomplished as they seemed to me. I also have to confess to feeling a little bereft at the loss of them.
Living in a community with an age range from 21 to 65 brings my reflections about generations into sharper focus. I am aware that I have a certain small wisdom to offer my younger housemates as well as our children and grandchildren. But what is abundantly clear and comforting is that they also have wisdom for me. Bill and I find ourselves in the shoes of learners as often as not at BHFH. And as Bill noted last month, sometimes even teachers need someone to shine a light.
Lately I find myself so moved and inspired by simple things: housemates who work so hard to be accepting and nonjudgmental of everyone, grown children who are passionate about their callings, grandchildren discovering their gifts, the newest grandbaby's delight in the present moment and the people around her.
When I was younger, I had the feeling of following wisdom figures who were holding a lantern to help light my way. It was so important then to be drawn by the light and inspired forward. Now, I see younger people holding the light as they follow in turn. As it shines forward and gives hope for the future, it also lets me see the shadows more clearly. I'm grateful for that.
So my hope is that I held a lantern for those ahead of me, just as my younger housemates do for me. And I hope I'm able to shine some light for generations after me with gratefulness and humility.
Who has inspired you? What inspiration do you hope to leave behind?
This entry was posted in Aging, Community and tagged Beacon Hill Friends House, Posted by Carol Mitchell. Bookmark the permalink.
Beautiful to read and so serendipitous it gave me goosebumps. Having just found this journal about an hour ago, I was thinking of what a profound role you played in my childhood. Bill, too. You showed me that a marriage could be built on love and respect. You made me feel seen. You introduced me to Janice Joplin at what? The age of 7, 8? and explained the line 'Freedom's just another word for nothin left to lose' (!) and more importantly introduced me to that musical masterpiece 'Free to Be You and Me'. You made me feel I was just fine as I was, and you made me feel accepted. Loved.
And through you I saw happiness in an adult. Joy! Laughter!
You gave me hope that misery wasn't the only thing that merited respect. That it was possible to talk about hard or scary things without being judged. You are the first person I put on my 'hero board' – people who have taught me that life is, indeed, beautiful. Your light was so beautiful and magical it have a kid her first glimpse of hope. I hope I can share a fraction of that warm glow of life with some of the babies who come to me broken and scared in the middle of the night by a caseworker (stranger) to some goofy ol' hippie chick (another stranger) (foster mom). I hope I can show them some of the authentic love you showed me, and maybe didn't even know back then in '74 or whenever. Your lantern is an important part of this human's story. And I suspect it's glow may have saved me more than you know. How many people do we lend hope to, or wound, without even knowing? Something I hope to remain aware of when a scAred kid is torn from the only love she knows and poured like a goldfish into a new tank, without the water having time to reach room temperature.
Xoxo. I feel blessed to have found you in cyberspace.
Caroline, thanks so much for this. I guess I've gotten to an age when I often wonder if I've done what I was meant to do in this life. Your comments reminded me that the connections we have with other people outweigh everything else. I feel so blessed that you have been part of our lives. Those babies are SO lucky to have you in their lives! I hope you come see us in Boston at some point.


A former student of Othon Friesz, he was co-founder of the group «L'Echelle» in 1943. He appears in many exhibitions of the group until 1948. At that time, his paintings proceed from a speculation on optical rhythms. The illusion created by objects situated in a geometrical spaceor by characters shaped in slices of bright colours, give rise to what he calls «static rhythms».
After going through a neo-cubist period, influenced by Juan Gris, aorund 1954, he creates paintings tending to abstraction. His work is divided up into several series : a first series called «Hommage to Claude Nicolas Ledoux», around 1958-1960, (Hommage à Claude Nicolas Ledoux,1960, Museum of Grenoble), a combination of curved shapes and rights, replying to one another according to a binaryrhythm, which prefigure the lay out of planes into space, a characteristic feature of theVillage series. In 1963, with the series Suite Nervalienne, he develops a hard and rugged formal kind of vocabulary.
The theme of the Gisantes, which he illustrates in 1964, enables him to assert his links with the logic of abstract expressionim, through the display of supple and anthropomorphic shapes. Hisworks created in the 1980s testify to his interest in the line as well as in the unit (Ecritures Forestières N°15, studio of the artist). He has taken part in many exhibitions, both national and International : the Fair of young artists under, 30 in 1943 ; the Fair of Young Painters in 1955, in Rome, Brussel, Paris ; Today's Painters in 1959, in Grenoble. Jointly, he leads a careeras a teacher (School of Fine Arts of Nancy, Ranson Academy, School of Fine Arts of Marseilles, Institute of Art and Archaeology in La Sorbonne).In 1975, he is editor of the third edition of theBénézit Dictionary, while working as a teacher at the Fine Arts School of Dijon (1974-1988). Vice-president of Realités Nouvelles in 1980, he became its president from 1981 to 1991.


text:
package org.uberfire.provisioning.openshift.runtime.provider;

import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ContainerState;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ContainerStateRunning;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ContainerStateTerminated;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ContainerStateWaiting;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ContainerStatus;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.DoneableReplicationController;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.DoneableService;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.Pod;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.PodList;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ReplicationController;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.Service;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ServicePort;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ServiceSpec;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.api.model.ServiceStatus;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.Watch;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.Watcher;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.ClientResource;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.ClientRollableScallableResource;
import io.fabric8.kubernetes.client.dsl.FilterWatchListDeletable;
import io.fabric8.openshift.api.model.Route;
import io.fabric8.openshift.api.model.RouteList;
import io.fabric8.openshift.api.model.RouteSpec;
import io.fabric8.openshift.client.OpenShiftClient;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.uberfire.provisioning.runtime.Runtime;
import org.uberfire.provisioning.runtime.RuntimeService;
import org.uberfire.provisioning.runtime.base.BaseRuntimeEndpoint;
import org.uberfire.provisioning.runtime.providers.ProviderService;

public class OpenshiftRuntimeService implements RuntimeService {

    protected ProviderService providerService;
    protected org.uberfire.provisioning.runtime.Runtime runtime;

    public OpenshiftRuntimeService( ProviderService providerService, Runtime runtime ) {
        this.providerService = providerService;
        this.runtime = runtime;
        if ( !( providerService instanceof OpenshiftProviderService ) ) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Wrong provider service! set: " + providerService.getClass() + " expected: KubernetesProvider" );
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void start() {
        System.out.println( "Doing nothing for now ..." );
    }

    @Override
    public void stop() {
        String replicationControllerName = runtime.getConfig().getProperties().get( "replicationController" );
        ClientRollableScallableResource<ReplicationController, DoneableReplicationController> resource
                = ( ( OpenshiftProviderService ) providerService ).getKubernetesClient().replicationControllers().inNamespace( "default" )
                .withName( replicationControllerName );
        resource.scale( 0 );
    }

    @Override
    public void restart() {
        System.out.println( "Doing nothing for now ..." );
    }

    @Override
    public void refresh() {
        String serviceName = runtime.getConfig().getProperties().get( "serviceName" );
        String namespace = runtime.getConfig().getProperties().get( "namespace" );

        ClientResource<Service, DoneableService> serviceResource =
                ( ( OpenshiftProviderService ) providerService ).getKubernetesClient().services()
                                    .inNamespace( namespace ).withName( serviceName );

        try {
            if ( serviceResource != null ) {
                Service service = serviceResource.get();
                if ( service != null ) {
                    ServiceStatus status = service.getStatus();
                    Map<String, Object> additionalProperties = status.getAdditionalProperties();
                    System.out.println( ">>> Additional Properties: " );
                    for ( String key : additionalProperties.keySet() ) {
                        System.out.println( "Key: " + key );
                        System.out.println( "Value: " + additionalProperties.get( key ) );
                    }
                    ServiceSpec spec = service.getSpec();
                    String clusterIP = spec.getClusterIP();
                    System.out.println( "Cluster IP: " + clusterIP );
                    List<String> externalIPs = spec.getExternalIPs();
                    for ( String ip : externalIPs ) {
                        System.out.println( "External IP: " + ip );
                    }

                    List<ServicePort> ports = spec.getPorts();
                    for ( ServicePort p : ports ) {
                        System.out.println( "Service Port: (" + p.getName() + ") " + p.getPort() );
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch ( Exception ex ) {
        }

        runtime.setInfo( new OpenshiftRuntimeInfo( runtime.getId(), runtime.getId(), runtime.getConfig() ));

        String selector = runtime.getConfig().getProperties().get( "label" );
        FilterWatchListDeletable<Pod, PodList, Boolean, Watch, Watcher<Pod>> podResource =
                    ( ( OpenshiftProviderService ) providerService ).getKubernetesClient().pods().withLabel( "app", selector );
        PodList list = podResource.list();
        boolean empty = list.getItems().isEmpty();
        if ( empty ) {
            System.out.println( ">>> No PODS to show! " );
            runtime.setState( new OpenshiftRuntimeState( "not running", "NA" ) );
        }

        for ( Pod pod : list.getItems() ) {
            System.out.println( ">>>>  POD: " + pod.toString() );
            String startTime = pod.getStatus().getStartTime();
            System.out.println( "Start Time Pod: " + startTime );
            List<ContainerStatus> containerStatuses = pod.getStatus().getContainerStatuses();
            String state = "";
            for ( ContainerStatus cs : containerStatuses ) {
                Boolean ready = cs.getReady();
                System.out.println( "Is CS ready : " + ready );
                ContainerState lastState = cs.getState();
                System.out.println( "Container State state: " + lastState );
                ContainerStateRunning running = lastState.getRunning();
                System.out.println( "Is Running? " + running );
                if ( running != null ) {
                    String startedAt = running.getStartedAt();
                    System.out.println( "Last state Running?? started at " + startedAt );
                }
                ContainerStateTerminated terminated = lastState.getTerminated();
                System.out.println( "Is Terminated? " + terminated );
                if ( terminated != null ) {
                    String reason = terminated.getReason();

                    String finishedAt = terminated.getFinishedAt();
                    Integer exitCode = terminated.getExitCode();
                    System.out.println( "Last state Terminated?? reason  " + reason + " - finishedAt: " + finishedAt + " - exit code: " + exitCode );
                }
                ContainerStateWaiting waiting = lastState.getWaiting();
                System.out.println( "Is Waiting? " + waiting );
                if ( waiting != null ) {
                    String messageWaiting = waiting.getMessage();
                    String reason1 = waiting.getReason();
                    System.out.println( "Last state Waiting?? message  " + messageWaiting + " - reason: " + reason1 );
                }

            }
            runtime.setState( new OpenshiftRuntimeState( state, startTime ) );

        }

        serviceName = runtime.getConfig().getProperties().get( "serviceName" );
        OpenShiftClient osClient = ( ( OpenshiftProviderService ) providerService ).getKubernetesClient().adapt( OpenShiftClient.class );
        FilterWatchListDeletable<Route, RouteList, Boolean, Watch, Watcher<Route>> routeResources =
                                                    osClient.routes().withLabel("name", serviceName );
        List<Route> items = routeResources.list().getItems();
        RouteSpec spec = items.get( 0 ).getSpec();
        String host = spec.getHost();

        Integer port = 80;
        if(spec.getPort() != null){
            port = spec.getPort().getTargetPort().getIntVal();
        }

        String context = runtime.getConfig().getProperties().get( "context" );
        runtime.setEndpoint( new BaseRuntimeEndpoint( host, port, context ));

    }

    @Override
    public ProviderService getProviderService() {
        return providerService;
    }

    @Override
    public void setProviderService( ProviderService providerService ) {
        this.providerService = providerService;
    }

    @Override
    public Runtime getRuntime() {
        return runtime;
    }

    @Override
    public void setRuntime( Runtime runtime ) {
        this.runtime = runtime;
    }

}