text:
Alder Family Crest, Coat of Arms and Name History
Notes: None. Blazon: Gules three crescents ermine and bordure engrailed argent. Crest—A griffin's head gules.
Origin, Meaning, Family History and Alder Coat of Arms and Family Crest
Alder Origin:
Origins of Alder:
The origin of this unusual surname originally evolved from Anglo-Saxon and had two specific possible origins. The first origin of the surname may derive from two Olde English pre 7th Century personal names, Ealdhere or Aethelhere, a combination of the components "eald," which means old, ancient or "aethel," which means noble, gentle, with the word "here," which means army. The old name appears in Aldersey, Cheshire, and is listed as "Aldrisey" in 1284, and converted as "the river estate (Olde English, e.g.,") of Ealdhere." The regions are named as Alderton in Gloucestershire, Northamptonshire, and Wiltshire, introduced ultimately as "Aldritone, Aldritone" and "Aldrintone" in the Domesday Book of the year 1086 for the above divisions. Also, they have "Ealdhere" as their basic component, and "ing," which means people of, and "tun," which means arrangement or residence. The second origin may be that Alder is of a geographical origin from an apartment by alder trees, acquiring from the Olde English "alor," alder(s). Geographical Surnames were previously developed, in both original style as easily identifiable names in the small areas of the Middle Ages. Previous examples of the surname consist of John atte Alre in Somerset in 1327, and Alexander Aldre(s), in Warwickshire in 1332. Richard Alder, a first traveler to the New World, recorded on a poll of those inhabitants in Virginia in February in the year 1623.
More common variations are: Allder, Yalder, Aldera, Alderi, Aulder, Aldeir, Aldero, Aldery, Ahlder, Aldere.
The origins of the surname Alder found in Edinburghshire, an old division, now part of the Midlothian council region where people held a family seat from early times. Some say better before the success of Normans and the entrance of Duke William at Hastings1066 A.D.
The very first recording spelling of the family was shown to be that of Ralph de Alre, dated about 1221, in the "Curia Regis Rolls of Berkshire." It was during the time of King Henry III who was known to be the "The Frenchman," dated 1216 - 1272. The origin of surnames during this period became a necessity with the introduction of personal taxation. It came to be known as Poll Tax in England. Surnames all over the country began to develop, with unique and shocking spelling varietions of the original one.
Many of the people with name Alder had moved to Ireland during the 17th century.
Individuals with the surname Alder settled in the United States in three different centuries respectively in the 17th, 18th, and 19th. Some of the people with the name Alder who settled in the United States in the 17th century included Richard Alder arrived in Jamestown, Va in 1624. Henry, James, William and Mar Alder, all landed in Maryland respectively in the years 1653, 1657, 1663 and 1671.
Some of the people with the surname Alder who settled in the United States in the 18th century included Johannes Alder and Fred Alder; both arrived in Pennsylvania respectively in the years 1749 and 1765.
The following century saw much more Alder surnames come. Some of the people with the surname Alder who settled in the United States in the 19th century included P Alder settled in Boston, Massachusetts in 1847. A Alder landed in San Francisco, California in 1851.
Some of the people with the surname Alder who settled in Australia in the 19th century included Thomas Alder arrived in Adelaide, Australia aboard the ship "Isabella Watson" in 1846.
Some of the people with the surname Alder who settled in New Zealand in the 19th century included Samuel Alder arrived in Nelson, New-Zealand in 1840. Samuel Alder and Cecilia Alder, both arrived in Nelson aboard the same ship "Sir Charles Forbes" in the same year in 1842. George Alder landed in Wellington, New-Zealand aboard the ship "Adelaide" in 1858.
Here is the population distribution of the last name Alder: United States 4,452; England 3,458; Australia 947; Canada 542; South Africa 566; Germany 1,009; New-Zealand 192; Paraguay 397; Switzerland 1,206; Brazil 270.
Esther Alder (born 1958), was a Swiss leader.
Fred Alder (1889–1960), was an Australian rules football player.
Henry Alder (1874–1949), was an Australian rules football player.
John C. Alder (born 1944), was an English singer famous as "Twink."
Jonathan Alder (1773–1849), was an American leader.
Joshua Alder (1792–1867), was a British biologist.
Kurt Alder (1902–58), was a German expert in chemistry.
Alder Coat of Arms Meaning
The main device (symbol) in the Alder blazon is the crescent. The three main tinctures (colors) are ermine, gules and argent .
Ermine is a very ancient pattern, and distinctive to observe. It was borne alone by John de Monfort, the Earl of Richmond and Duke of Brittany in the late 14th century 1 It has a long association with royalty and the nobility in general and hence represents "Dignity" wherever it is found 2. The ermine pattern is white with, typically, a three dots and a dart grouping representing the tail of the furred creature.3. The ermine spot is sometimes found alone as a special charge on the shield.
For easy recognition of the items on a coat of arms, and hence the quick identification of the owner, bold simple shapes are best. Hence, simple geometric shapes are often used for this purpose 9xz`, and the crescent Is a typical example of this, and can appear in any of the main heraldic tinctures. Some common is this device that there are special names for its appearance in various orientations – whilst it lies normally with points upward, the decrescent points to the sinister side, and the increscent to the dexter 10. The allusion, obviously is to the shape of the moon in the sky (indeed, the French have a version "figuré" which includes a face!) and has been said to signify both "honour by the sovereign" and "hope of greater glory" 11.
10 A Glossary of Terms used in British Heraldry, J.H. Parker, Oxford, 1894, Entry:Moon


Recently when a close friend of mine was relating to me how her ex was keeping a close tab on her. I was hardly surprised.
That's what most ex'es do.
Orkut was a wonderful thing. Sneaking a peek at the photo albums to see who's been dating who and hoping that they are having a miserable time, even if you are secretly envious about the good time they are really having. Browsing through the scraps to find out who he/she has been writing to and hearing from.
Then came Facebook. Darn those privacy levels. Now, he/she can't see those photo albums and or read those wall posts. So, now you have a stalker who is despicable enough to be rummaging through information (mostly pictures of you) on the internet. However, despite all the privacy online, and with the kind of footprint that we leave online, it is only a matter of time, that you can find some information. Even if it is as mundane as a note about a doctor's visit. "Finally, some new information!"
Statistics reveal cyber stalking is prevalent in developing countries like India, where there isn't strict enforcement of rules that protect privacy of an individual online. I know a person who left a malicious yet anonymous comment on google maps against me in the hope that I would toe his line. But being anonymous online is misnomer. A little digging yielded his computer's IP Address, name and postal address. But this is the cost we pay for freedom and free speech.
The first times are always so beautiful. The first date, the first look, the first shy smile, the first kiss and even the first fight (aka lover's spat). All immortalized. Or until you break up, whichever comes first.
Breakups are a tight rope walk. Long after you unceremoniously dumped him/her, you burn with the innate desire to still be a part of that one person you should have never hurt and cheated upon.
It could be infidelity or simply boredom. Love turns sour faster than you can say 'Sufferin' succotash'. And it's all downhill after this. If you are married, you're headed towards many painful months of counseling (if you are lucky) or a divorce (if you are unlucky). If you are just a couple, you'd still go through all the pangs of a 'divorce'. Mutual friends stop being that. Gifts get returned/donated/burned. The memories of all the places where the both of you went to and 'did' it and all the things you did together suddenly begin to trap you in a vicious cycle of denial, hate, depression and anger. For the lucky few, the transition is nice and easy and the wounds heal.


text:
Justice Department Pressed to Intervene When Police Arrest Grassroots Journalists
Commentary by Shahid Buttar
Across the country, civilian journalists have documented government violence using cell phones to record police activities, forcing a much-needed national discourse. But in case after case after case after case, the people who face penalties in the wake of police violence are the courageous and quick-witted residents who use technology to enable transparency.
Earlier this month, the International Documentary Association launched an online petition to the Department of Justice asking the federal government to intervene when local police arrest or otherwise harass civilians who document and record police violence. EFF was proud to sign the petition, since this is an issue on which we have been increasingly active.
While the First Amendment protects grassroots journalists in addition to their professional counterparts, those protections have often been disregarded by police officers.
Led by film makers Laura Poitras and David Felix Sutcliffe, the petition also calls for an official investigation exploring "the larger pattern of abuse that has emerged on a federal, state, and local level, and the threat it poses to free speech and a free press." Finally, the petition urges "our peers in the journalistic community to investigate and report on these abuses."
Poitras' film Citizenfour, documenting the Edward Snowden revelations, won the 2015 Oscar award for Best Documentary. Sutcliffe directed (T)error, which is the first film ever to document an FBI sting operation as it unfolds (and in the interest of full disclosure, briefly features the author of this post).
While the First Amendment protects freedom of the press, and applies to grassroots journalists in addition to their professional counterparts, those protections have often been disregarded by police officers unable to accept civilian oversight and the public exposure of their violence.
Meanwhile, despite well-settled jurisprudence establishing the right to observe and record police activities, even the federal judiciary has occasionally failed to vindicate these principles.
Arrests of grassroots journalists who record police activities implicate not only the 1st and 14th Amendments to the U.S. Constitution, but also the very legitimacy of our legal system, which grounds its claim to power in impartiality. Yet, around the country, the law has subjected to penalties people pursuing constitutionally protected activities that enhance transparency, while turning a blind eye to the violence prompting residents to place themselves at risk.
At issue is not merely a fundamental constitutional right, nor the transparency on which democracy rests, but the ability for community residents to use technology to document violence endured by their neighbors.
The monitoring of public servants who have pledged to "protect and serve" should not represent a risk in a free society. That's why EFF is proud to sign and support the International Documentary Association's petition.
Bloggers' Rights
Deeplinks Blog by Camille Fischer | July 12, 2019
President Trump Loses — Government Can't Block Critics on Social Media
In a long-awaited ruling, the Second Circuit has found that the replies section on President Trump's Twitter @realDonaldTrump is a public forum and that the President cannot block his critics from reading his tweets or participating in the forum merely because he dislikes the views they express. This ruling...
PETA v. Texas A&M
EFF is representing People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, challenging on First Amendment grounds the practice of Texas A&M University of automatically and manually blocking PETA and its supporters from posting comments on the university's official Facebook page, a forum that is otherwise open for public comments. In response...
Deeplinks Blog by Katharine Trendacosta | July 3, 2019
EFF and OTI Respond to the UK Government's Online Harms White Paper
Earlier this year, the UK government produced the "Online Harms White Paper," creating a plan for a "system of accountability and oversight for tech companies." The draft scheme put forth by the government is flawed, and these flaws prompted EFF and OTI to respond to the questions asked...
Deeplinks Blog by Jillian C. York | June 25, 2019
During Pride Month and Always, Companies Must Consider the Impact of Their Policies on LGBTQ+ Users
This month, in many parts of the world, the LGBTQ+ community is celebrating Pride and, both online and off, the tech industry has paid lip service to supporting the community. Many social media companies participate in Pride parades or offer photo filters or other digital swag for users to show...
Deeplinks Blog by Hayley Tsukayama, India McKinney, Jamie Williams | June 24, 2019
Congress Should Not Rush to Regulate Deepfakes
The House Intelligence Committee held a hearing earlier this month examining the issue of "deepfakes," a term coined to describe images or videos created with a machine learning algorithm that allows people to make false footage that appears real. There is real potential for fake or manipulated images...
Deeplinks Blog by Elliot Harmon | June 20, 2019
Sen. Hawley's "Bias" Bill Would Let the Government Decide Who Speaks
Despite its name, Sen. Josh Hawley's Ending Support for Internet Censorship Act (PDF) would make the Internet less safe for free expression, not more. It would violate the First Amendment by allowing a government agency to strip platforms of legal protection based on their decisions to host or remove...
Social Media Platforms Increase Transparency About Content Removal Requests, But Many Keep Users in the Dark When Their Speech Is Censored, EFF Report Shows
San Francisco and Tunis, Tunisia—While social media platforms are increasingly giving users the opportunity to appeal decisions to censor their posts, very few platforms comprehensively commit to notifying users that their content has been removed in the first place, raising questions about their accountability and transparency, the Electronic...
Deeplinks Blog by rainey Reitman | June 10, 2019
EFF and Open Rights Group Defend the Right to Publish Open Source Software to the UK Government
EFF and Open Rights Group today submitted formal comments to the British Treasury, urging restraint in applying anti-money-laundering regulations to the publication of open-source software. The UK government sought public feedback on proposals to update its financial regulations pertaining to money laundering and terrorism in alignment with a larger European...
Press Release | June 3, 2019
Caught in the Net: The Impact of 'Extremist' Speech Regulations on Human Rights Content
San Francisco – Social media companies have long struggled with what to do about extremist content that advocates for or celebrates terrorism and violence. But the dominant current approach, which features overbroad and vague policies and practices for removing content, is already decimating human rights content online, according to a...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Grants promote pollinator habitat	Van den Ende: What are the problems with branches?
Research indicates container-grown nursery trees may outperform those grown in liner beds.
Apple growers are always looking for ways to get earlier crops from their young trees, and a new study from Michigan State University hints that container planting may be a step in the right direction.
The 2018 study compared container-grown trees to those grown in traditional liner beds and showed that in the first year after planting in the orchard, the container-produced trees far outperformed the liner-grown trees in fine root production and shoot growth.
"It was really night and day. You could walk through the field and easily see which trees were container-produced and which weren't," reported study leaders Todd Einhorn, MSU associate professor of horticulture, and Mokhles Elsysy, MSU postdoctoral research fellow.
Einhorn started experimenting with nursery containers that promise to promote more healthy root systems while at Oregon State University, and he planted trials with pears in the Northwest, as well.
Although encouraged by the results so far, he is trying to rein in his enthusiasm until he and his collaborators follow the trees for a few more years and gather more information about potential grower costs associated with the container plants.
The study used 1,200 bench-grafted trees, including 400 each of Fuji, Honeycrisp and Gala, all of which were grown on Nic.29 rootstocks. The trees were evenly split between the Michigan State University Horticulture Teaching and Research Center ("Hort Farm") and the Sierra Gold Nursery in California.
Both sites grew the trees during the 2017 season, either in typical nursery-style liner beds in field soil or in specialized containers which were filled with a peat mix.
They used Ellepots (ellepot.com), which are made by a Dutch company and have a biodegradable paper membrane housed in a plastic container that provides air space for natural root pruning.
Most of the roots remain inside the pot, but they can also grow through the paper, Einhorn explained. That not only prevents the spiraling and girdling that can occur in typical plastic nursery pots, but the escaping roots soon die in the open air, resulting in "air pruning," which spurs the development of fine roots inside the pot.
These fine roots likely aid in water and nutrient acquisition. He likened air pruning to a heading cut on a canopy that generates a new flush of growth.
In the spring of 2018, Einhorn's group planted both the Hort Farm and the Sierra Gold trees at the MSU Clarksville Research Center using a high-density, spindle-style architecture. They planted the container trees in the Ellepot paper membrane and the liner-grown trees in the ground, bare-root.
Every couple of weeks afterward, the researchers pulled out a few trees from each replicate and, by scanning the roots, they determined root length and density, root size and diameter, and total dry root matter. They also measured the tree for shoot length, number of branches and trunk size.
"The goal was to see if we generated more fine root production in the Ellepot, and whether that necessarily meant that we had more growth or earlier canopy development in the field," Einhorn said.
The Ellepot-grown trees far exceeded the liner-grown, bare-root trees.
"In the containers, generally speaking, there were 40 percent more fine roots than in the bare-root trees, and in some cases, it was 100 percent more, so we doubled the fine root production in the containers. It was tremendous. Just really amazing," Einhorn said.
However, he noted, total root dry matter content was similar between the systems, due to greater nonfine root production of the liner-produced trees.
Shoot growth of container trees was also superior.
"For the MSU plants, for instance, we had an astronomical increase for Fuji and Gala — practically two times the amount of growth in Ellepot trees over the bare-root trees," Einhorn said.
The researchers also found 50 percent more in Honeycrisp compared to the bare-root trees.
"It made sense that intact root systems would undergo less transplant shock, and lead to more growth than bare-root trees, and we were able to measure that all the way through the season," he said.
The big question now is whether the improved root and shoot growth will carry into 2019 and beyond.
"The container trees certainly have a jump, and if stresses don't develop, you would expect, fitness-wise, that they're ahead of the game all the way," Einhorn said.
At the same time, the bare-root trees will presumably head into 2019 with plenty of reserves, so they may catch up. "That's why this is a multiyear study," he said.
In addition to following the trees at least through the first crop, Einhorn's group continues to study the root architecture of the container trees and will be investigating how well the roots expand out of the Ellepots.
Concurrently, the researchers will follow container trees planted in a commercial orchard in the Grand Rapids fruit region of Michigan, and trees planted in sandy soils at the Northwest Michigan Horticulture Research Center to see how they fare over the next few years, as well.
Einhorn also wants to quantify the cost differences between the two systems, such as the potential added expense of container trees and early returns, by eventually assessing flowering and first yields in the two systems. "Earlier canopy development should lead to higher early yields and greater profitability," Einhorn said.
He is also seeking funding to look into different growing options for container trees, including fall versus spring planting, the effect of removing the paper pot before planting and the use of different rootstocks.
"At this point, it looks like these trees could potentially produce a more uniform orchard that fills its space better," he said. "And that is part of the objective: if we get more growth in the nursery from these trees, what does that mean after one year in the orchard, or two years, or three years?
Correction: An earlier version of this story incorrectly identified Todd Einhorn in a photo caption. Good Fruit Grower regrets the error.


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HomeAt Zayed 2019UAE ads to ditch woman-as-homemaker theme
Zayed University, United Arab Emirates
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The PALs Program is proud to announce the re-launching of its virtual support program (VPALs)
UAE ads to ditch woman-as-homemaker theme
The three research studies CCMS had conducted for Advertising Business Group (ABG) on gender stereotyping in ads in the region has contributed to the creation of 10 guidelines for the UAE advertising industry. While one study by Gaelle Duthler had examined gender role portrayals in brand Instagram posts in the UAE, another study by Ali Khalil and Ganga Dhanesh had examined gender portrayals in TV ads in the Gulf. Gaelle Duthler and Claire Sherman had done the third study on Emirati perceptions of gender portrayals in ads and their acceptance of progressive portrayals of men and women in advertising. With ABG members accounting for more than 75 percent of the region's advertising spend, the potential impact of this research on the future of the industry in the country is fairly high. Here is the Gulf News report on the issuing of the guidelines.
Guidelines are to be issued next year to help UAE advertisers move away from from using "gender stereotypes" in their campaigns and TV commercials.
These are to be issued by the Advertising Business Group, an entity that represents both advertisers/marketers as well as advertising agency representatives.
What this means is that advertisers will think twice before featuring women in their ads as typical stay-at-home types, typically using images where they are taking care of the children and cooking dishes or washing clothes with a perpetual smile on their face.
Not just in TV commercials or print, these stereotypes are there on digital ads as well. This image of the woman as only a homemaker has been around since the dawn of advertising. But now, countries and their advertising associations are having to move away from perpetuating such images.
"The UK has issued such guidelines and it's high time advertisers in this region too followed the new normal," said Alex Malouf, member of the board at Advertising Business Group. "We need such guidelines to "un-stereotype" advertising for the region."
False impressions
Why are such guidelines important? Because they tend to portray something that's totally out of tune with the times, when women make up such a sizeable part of the workforce in most markets. Given this reality, to put up images of women limited to being homemakers and waiting on their husband's every need is starting to grate with audiences.
Advertisers need to realise as much. ABG had commissioned Zayed University to do research on gender stereotypes in the UAE/Gulf. The results were issued on Tuesday.
"Our ambition in 2020 is for ABG to work with the region's advertising and marketing industry to educate brands on the role they play in ensuring that advertising has a positive," said Sanjiv Kakkar, Chairman, the Advertising Business Group. "(That) rather than a negative impact in terms of representing and promoting gender equality in society.
"We want advertising to be progressive, to be relatable, and impactful. We can do this best by eradicating harmful gender-based stereotypes in all media and advertising content."
Another stereotype
The findings show that stereotyping shows up even when women are represented as having jobs. In the UAE, most ads featuring women (59 per cent) show them as employees, whereas only 2 per cent of ads have them in an executive role. In comparison, the split is more or less equal when representing a working man.
But the dominant ad sterotype is of the woman at home. This is more the case in Arabic language campaigns. The research found that of 111 advertisements in Arabic that aired in one week on MBC, the women "were more likely than males to be depicted in advertisements related to home and food products. Men were also more likely to appear in occupational settings, in office or work sites, while women were more likely to be depicted at home".
According to Zayed University's Associate Professor Ganga Dhanesh: "Advertisers in the region have to be mindful of changing aspirations of a younger demographic of men and women in the region. By sticking to current stereotypes, they could be out of sync and considered as representing the past than the future. This has implications on brand relevance going forward."
Break the image
But can consumer brands, especially in the food or daily staples space, turn their backs on using "women at home" images in their campaigns?
Malouf has no doubt that it can be done - "The very best creatives break down stereotypes and give us a different perspective. Think of "Always Like A Girl", Dove's "Natural Beauty", or Coca-Cola's "Remove Labels".
"These ads aren't just different: they're effective. We've got to do more of this work, and break free of stereotypes that don't inspire or even engage consumers."
Advertisers must change
According to the ABG commissioned study, 85 per cent said it was the brand's responsibility to portray women and men "positively because it is important for younger generations to see". And 86 percent said brands should be responsible for using advertising to promote positive messages to girls and boys.
Source: Gulfnews.com
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text:
\section{The phase diagram}

We have shown in the last two sections that the set of polarization
constants ${\{ y \} } = {y_1\ y_2 \ldots \ y_K}$ which corresponds to the maximal
eigenvalue (the maximal set) must have the period divisible by 4:
$T = 4n$. For the simplest case $T=4$ the maximal set is (\ref{T=4})
and the transfer-matrix eigenvalue is given by Eq.(\ref{4period}),
with the substitution $y_1 = y_3 = y_5 = \eta; \ \ y_2 = y_4 = y_K = \xi$
$$ {\bf \Lambda}^{2/K} = {\Lambda}_\eta (2 h \xi) {\Lambda}_\xi (- 2 h \eta)$$
We can always choose $\xi$ and $\eta$ positive. Therefore we only
have to maximize the eigenvalue (\ref{gev}) within the two-parameter
space
$$\xi = { 2 n - N \over N}; \ \ \ \eta = { 2 m - N \over N}; \ \ \
n,m = 0,1 \ldots {N \over 2}
$$
By means of the Newton-Ralphson method we are able to solve BA equations
directly and find the block with largest eigen-value for system size
up to $N = 32$.

It turns out however that the maximal eigen-value for all values of
parameters $a,b,c$ and $h$ belongs either to the block
$n = m = N/2$
(in that case $h$ vanishes from all equations (\ref{ev},\ref{ba}),
yielding the known results
for 6-vertex model), or to the block with at least one of $n, m$,
say $m$ equal to zero: $m = 0$. Finally
the Bethe Ansatz (\ref{ev},\ref{ba}) rewritten
\def\tau_j{\tau_j}
\def\displaystyle{\displaystyle}
\begin{eqnarray}
& {\bf \Lambda}^{2/K} = {\Lambda}_{m=0}(2 h \xi) {\Lambda}_\xi (2h) =
\Lambda_1 \Lambda_2 \nonumber \\
& \def{2h(2n-N)}{{2h(2n-N)}}
\Lambda_1 = a^N e^{{2h(2n-N)}} + b^N e^{-{2h(2n-N)}} \nonumber \\
& \displaystyle{
 \Lambda_2 =
a^N e^{2hN} \prod_{j=1}^{n}
{a \tau_j - b( 2 \Delta \tau_j - 1) \over a - b \tau_j}
+ b^N e^{-2hN} \prod_{j=1}^{n}
{b - a( 2 \Delta  - \tau_j ) \over -a + b \tau_j}
}
\nonumber \\
& \displaystyle{
 e^{4hN} ({\tau_j})^N = (-1)^{n+1} \ \prod_{l=1}^{n}
{\tau_j \tau_l - 2 \Delta \tau_j + 1 \over \tau_j \tau_l - 2\Delta \tau_l + 1}
}
\nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the eigen-value is invariant under the transformation:
$$ a \rightarrow b, \  b \rightarrow a, \ h \rightarrow -h $$.

Figures \ref{Fig3a}-\ref{Fig3d} show
the phase diagram of the model in the space of
Boltzmann weights ratios $a/c,\ b/c$, for the different values of
interplane constant $h$. Fig.3 (decoupled planes, $h$=0) repeats
well-known results for usual 6-vertex model: the three distinct phases
exist separated by the lines $\Delta = \pm 1$.
These phases are (for details see \cite{liebwu}):

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \PSbox{Popkov03a.eps   %

 voffset=0 hoffset=0
angle=0 hscale=60 vscale=60}{11.5cm}{4.5cm}
  \end{center}
\caption{Phase diagram of the $2D$ 6-vertex model
(corresponds to decoupled planes limit $h$ = 0)}
\label{Fig3a}
\end{figure}

I. Antiferroelectric phase. C-Vertexes (type 5 and 6) are dominant;
In sufficiently low temperatures vertex plane configuration is filled
with arrows alternating in both directions with step 1.

II. Disordered phase $-1 < \Delta < 1$. All types of vertexes are present;
there are no types of vertexes which are dominant. Here lies the high
temperature limit so one should expect disorder.

III. Ferroelectric phase $\Delta > 1$. Phase III occupies two
separated regions, the left upper and the right bottom in the phase
diagram. In the left upper region, $b/c \ > \ a/c + 1$, each plane
is occupied by either exclusively type 3, or exclusively type 4
vertexes. It is convenient to consider the arrow resulting from
vector summation of all arrows in the plane:

 for the type 3 configuration, all arrows on the
plane are pointing up and to the left, resulting is upleft arrow $\nwarrow\ $,
whereas for the type 4 configuration, the resulting is downright arrow
$\searrow\ $, see Fig.2.  Polarization vector (\ref{yk}) modulus
reaches its maximum $|y| = 1$, namely, $y = 1$ for the
type 3 configuration and $y=-1$ for the type 4 configuration.

If we associate with the each plane $k$ the corresponding arrow
--- $\nwarrow\ $ for  type 3, $\searrow\ $ for type 4 configuration,
then the state of the multiplane model in phase III,
left upper region, is characterized by the
random sequence
\begin{equation}
\ldots \nwarrow\  \searrow\  \searrow\  \nwarrow\  \searrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\    \ldots
\label{III}
\end{equation}
consisting of these arrows randomly placed. Of course switching on
some vanishing external field favouring type 3 configuration will
lift up this degeneracy, giving the homogenious sequence:
$$ \ldots \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nwarrow\  \ldots$$
The state of the model in the right bottom region, phase III,
$a/c \ > \ b/c + 1$
will be analogously characterized by the type 1, type 2 vertexes
configurations, or upright, downleft $\nearrow\  , \ \  \swarrow\ $ arrows.
 $$ \ldots \nearrow\  \nearrow\  \nearrow\  \swarrow\  \nearrow\  \swarrow\  \swarrow\  \nearrow\  \ldots$$

In Fig.\ref{Fig3b}- \ref{Fig3d} the phase diagrams for the systems with a fixed
$h$ in increasing order are given. The phases I - III are exactly
the same as in uncoupled planes  limit in Fig.\ref{Fig3a}.
For nonzero coupling $h$ the regions occupied by the phase III are
given by the formula $ \Delta = \cosh{4h} $, and
two new phases arise.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \PSbox{Popkov03b.eps   %

 voffset=0 hoffset=0
angle=0 hscale=60 vscale=60}{11.5cm}{4.5cm}
  \end{center}
\caption{Phase diagrams of the 3D-extended 6-vertex model on cubic
lattice in the $a/c,\ b/c$ plane, $h$ = 0.15.
The phase transitions between the phases II/IV, II/V, V/III are
 of the first order. The phase transitions between the phases IV/V are
 of the second order, Pokrovsky-Talapov type.
Transition I/II is the Kosterlitz - Thouless type transition. Curves
separating phases III/V , V/IV) are given by: $\Delta = \cosh {4h}$
$\ \  (b/c = (a/c) \  \exp{4h} -1$, respectively.}

\label{Fig3b}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \PSbox{Popkov03c.eps   %

 voffset=0 hoffset=0
angle=0 hscale=60 vscale=60}{11.5cm}{6.5cm}
  \end{center}
\caption{Phase diagram of the 3D-extended 6-vertex model on cubic
lattice in the $a/c,\ b/c$ plane, $h$ = 0.3}
\label{Fig3c}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \PSbox{Popkov03d.eps   %

 voffset=0 hoffset=0
angle=0 hscale=60 vscale=60}{11.5cm}{6.5cm}
  \end{center}
\caption{Phase diagram of the 3D-extended 6-vertex model on cubic
lattice in the $a/c,\ b/c$ plane, $h$ = 0.5}
\label{Fig3d}
\end{figure}

V. Layered antiferroelectric phase.
This phase is exactly the one described  as the strong interplane
coupling limit in section 2. Each plane is in ferroelectric phase,
but plane $k+1$ configuration strictly follows from one in $k$-th
plane by $\pi /2$ clockwise rotation. So, the planes-layers in
increasing order are formed by the unique, up to shifting,
sequence of vertexes, or resulting arrows:
$$ \ldots  \nearrow\  \searrow\  \swarrow\  \nwarrow\  \nearrow\  \searrow\  \swarrow\  \nwarrow\  \ldots  $$
(compare with the sequence (\ref{III})).

In that phase polarization
vector (\ref{yk})
alternates each other plane  $y_{k +2} = - y_{k}$:
\begin{equation}
\ldots y_k, y_{k+1}, \ldots =
 \ldots  1;-1;-1;1;1;-1;-1;1 \   \ldots
 \label{0110}
\end{equation}
forming the layered antiferroelectric structure (in each separate plane the
structure is ferroelectric)
Polarization vector modulus in each plane reaches its maximal value
$| y_k| = 1$, any $k$.

V. Phase V is an intermediate phase
which can be described as follows:
 system splits into two
subsystems, each contains two planes $k$-th and $(k+2)$-th, e.g.
(the first and the third) and (the second and the fourth). In one of
the subsystems the planes are in ferroelectric phase, with alternating
polarization vector $ y_k = 1,\ \  y_{k+2} = -1$. Another subsystem
is partially disordered $y_{k+1} =  2 x - 1  = - y_{k+3} $.
Again as the previous one, this structure has period 4.
Within the phase 4,
$x$ varies (see Fig. 4a,b);
on transition line between phases IV/V $x$ goes to zero
continuously, forming the strong interplane coupling structure in phase 4.
For the free fermions limit,
$\Delta = 0$, or $a^2 + b^2 = c^2$, value of $x$ is known
exactly (see \cite{our})
\begin{equation}
\cos \pi x = {a \over b} \sinh 4h,\ \  for\  a<b \nonumber
\end{equation}

Outside the free fermions curve, the branches with equal polarizations
are arranged quite  regular, as is seen from Fig.\ref{Fig4a},\ref{Fig4b}.
However we cannot present the exact formula for the moment.

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \PSbox{Popkov04a.eps   %

 voffset=0 hoffset=0
angle=0 hscale=60 vscale=60}{11.5cm}{4.5cm}
  \end{center}
\caption{ Distribution of polarizations in the intermediate phase V. $h$=0.15.
This phase is characterized by the periodically repeated set of
polarizations (in planes) (\ref{A=2}) $\{ 1 \ {-\xi} \ {-1} \ \xi \ldots \} $,
$\xi = (2n-N)/N$, $n$ being the number of upward pointing arrows in a row
in the corresponding plane. The results of
numerical calculations of $\xi$ for the system size $N=32$ are shown.
The area is divided into 8 sectors, sector number
$k$ corresponds to $2k-1 \leq n \leq 2k$. Thus, polarization
monotonically increases from $\xi = -1$ on the second order phase
transitions line to $\xi =0$ near the point (0,1). On the 'free
fermions' circle $\Delta = 0$ inside the intermediate phase,
exact value of $\xi$ is given by $sin(\pi \xi/2) = -(a/b) sinh (4h)$.}
\label{Fig4a}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
  \begin{center}
    \PSbox{Popkov04b.eps   %

 voffset=0 hoffset=0
angle=0 hscale=60 vscale=60}{11.5cm}{6.5cm}
  \end{center}
\caption{ Distribution of polarizations in the intermediate phase V. $h$=0.3.}

\label{Fig4b}
\end{figure}

The analytical and numerical calculations show that there are no other
phases at the phase diagram.

The second order phase transition between the phases V/IV can be found
considering the equality
\begin{equation} {\bf \Lambda} (n/N \rightarrow 0) = 1 \label{oneparticle} \end{equation}.
Proceeding analogously as in \cite{liebwu} we get
$$ \tau_j = e^{-4h}$$.
For $a e^{4h} >b, b>a$ we have
$$ \prod {a \tau_j - b( 2 \Delta \tau_j - 1) \over a - b \tau_j} e^{-4h} =
 \prod {a  -  2 b \Delta  + b e^{4h} \over a e^{4h} - b }e^{-4h} = 1
$$
and ${a \over b} \sinh{4h} = 1 - \Delta e^{-4h}$, or using (\ref{delta}),
\begin{equation}
b/c = (a/c) \  \exp{(4h)} -1
\label{second1}
\end{equation}
 All phase curves are symmetrical with respect to $a = b$ line.

Proceeding with the same equality (\ref{oneparticle}) and taking
$b>a e^{4h}$, we obtain:
\begin{equation}
\Delta = \cosh{4h}
\label{ch4h}
\end{equation}
But now
this line marks only right margin for the phase transition III/V, and
not necessarily the exact point. We have found however with all numerical
accuracy that line (\ref{ch4h}) is exact transition point indeed.
With increasing $h$, the phases IV and V expand in space, and the others
diminish. When $h$ reaches $h_1 = 0.458134 \ldots$ and higher,
 phase II disappears completely
 as is shown in Fig.\ref{Fig3d}. The fraction of space occupying by the phases
II,III, diminishes exponentially with $h$, as is seen from (\ref{second1},
\ref{ch4h}).

Finally, the transition line between the phases  II/IV (II/V) or I/IV (I/V)
in Fig.\ref{Fig3b}-\ref{Fig3d} is obtained
numerically. The line ends in points (0,1) and
(1,0) which agrees with the limiting  'Ising chain' case. Phase transition
 II/IV (II/V) or I/IV (I/V) is of first order. Indeed in phases II or I
the partition sum does not depend on $h$ at all; (all $n_k \equiv N/2$ and
polarization vector $y_k$ for all $k$ is zero.  The values of
 $y_k$-set jump when crossing the critical curve and dependence
on $h$ shows up. So the partition sum will have a cusp as a function
of $h$.

The transition IV/V is of the second order. On this line,
the order parameters --- polarization vectors $y_k$ (\ref{yk})
change continuously when approaching the critical point. The
second derivative for free energy over $h$ diverges as inverse
square root $\sim 1 / {\sqrt{h - h^*}}$ in the critical
point (Pokrovsky-Talapov type transition \cite{pokrovsky} ).

We have described the phase diagram of the $3D$-extended model with
the homogenious set of constants. The phase diagrams for the models
with arbitrary sets of $'h'$ and $'-h'$ constants
are the
same, with redefinition of phases (see Eqs.(\ref{equiv1}-\ref{equiv3})).
Note that for the model with alternating constants,
$	\{\ldots h,\ -h,\ h, \ -h, \ldots  \}  $,
the period is always 2 (in planes).

\bigskip
\section* { Conclusion}
\bigskip

We have obtained the phase diagram for 3D solvable
multilayered 6-vertex model, in full 3-parameter space.
 The model enjoys locality of interactions
and positivity of Boltzmann weights. The applicability
of the method  to other solvable vertex models
with ice rule (\ref{ccc}) is shown in \cite{my}.
in view of possible applications, note
that the strength of layer-
layer interaction $h$ can vary from plane to plane, as well as
anysotropy parameter within each layer.
Another possibility is to include more distant than nearest neighbour,
interactions along 3-rd axis. The resulting solvable models
are ones with competing interactions \cite{nnn}.

Another interesting question is the universality class of the model we have
considered. The finite size scaling analysis (see e.g.\cite{Kim}) of new
(due to plane-plane coupling) critical
phase, named V in the phase diagram, shows that it is described
by $2D$ conformal field theory with central charge $c = 1$. Thus it
belongs to the same  universality class as the ''source'' 6-vertex model.

\section*{ Acknowledgements}

One of the authors (VP) thanks colleagues from the Institute for
Theoretical Physics, University of Amsterdam, where this work was
mainly done, for the hospitality, and Prof. Doochul Kim
for nice introduction to finite size scaling.
  This work was supported
 in part by the INTAS grants 93 -- 1324, 93 -- 0633,
Soros grant K5Z100 and by the Erwin  Shr\"odinger Institute, Vienna.
This work was supported in part by the Korea Science and Engineering
Foundation through the SRC program. We thank referees for good comments.

\def{\Lambda}{{\Lambda}}
\def{\bf \Lambda}{{\bf \Lambda}}
\def{ \{ h \} }{{ \{ h \} }}
\def{\{ y \} }{{\{ y \} }}
\def{h_1\ h_2 \ldots \ h_K}{{h_1\ h_2 \ldots \ h_K}}
\def{y_1\ y_2 \ldots \ y_K}{{y_1\ y_2 \ldots \ y_K}}

\section*{Appendix }

The partition function for the system with open boundaries is given by
$$ {\bf Z} = {\cal T}^M $$
where  ${\cal T}$ is the global monodromy matrix. In our case
(see Eqs. (\ref{lbw}-- \ref{mlbw})) ${\cal T}$
factorizes into product
\begin{equation}
{\cal T} = \prod_{k=1}^K {\cal T}_k
\label{tau}
\end{equation}
where the 'local monodromy matrix' for the $k$-th plane
$$
{\cal T}_k = \prod_{n=1}^N
e^{-h_k \sigma^{(k)} \tau_n^{(k+1)} } L_n^{(k)}
e^{h_{k-1} \sigma^{(k)} \tau_n^{(k-1)}}
$$
$L_n$ being the matrix of Boltzmann weights for the 6-vertex model,
upper index $(k)$ corresponds to the $k$-th plane, matrices
$\sigma$ and $\tau$ are defined by (\ref{sigmatau}).
Omitting the index $k$ in the right-hand side of the last formula
for convenience and denoting
$$ \sigma^{(k)} \rightarrow \sigma;\ \ \tau_n^{(k+1)}, \tau_n^{(k-1)}
\rightarrow \tau_n',\ \tau_n'', \ h_k \rightarrow h,
\ h_{k-1} \rightarrow g,
$$
we have:
\def\ele #1{{ e^{-h \sigma \tau_#1'} \ L_#1 \  e^{ g \sigma \tau_#1'' } }}
\begin{eqnarray}
{\cal T}_k (h,g) = \prod_{n=1}^N \ele n =   \nonumber \\
\ele {1} \ \ele {2} \ldots \ele N
\label{tauk}
\end{eqnarray}
The exponential factors in this expression commute with each other
because they are diagonal matrices (see (\ref{sigmatau})). The commutation
with $L_n$ is given by

$$
\lbrack \exp{( h {(\sigma+\tau_n)\tau_p'' )} )}, L_n \rbrack =
\lbrack \exp{( h {(\sigma+\tau_n)\tau_p' )} )}, L_n \rbrack = 0;
$$
which is equivalent \cite{our,my} to the charge conservation property
of the ''source'' 6-vertex model (\ref{6vlm}):
\begin{equation} {L_{6v}}_{\alpha'\beta'}^{\alpha \beta} = 0,\;\; unless\;\;
 \alpha'+\beta' = \alpha + \beta
\label{ccc}
\end{equation}
Using these commutation rules, we move all exponents in (\ref{tauk})
outside to the left and to the right. For instance, to move the term
\def{e^{-h \sigma \tau_2'}   }{{e^{-h \sigma \tau_2'}   }}
${e^{-h \sigma \tau_2'}   } $ to the left, one inputs unity
$${e^{-h \sigma \tau_2'}   } e^{\pm h \tau_1 \tau_2'} = \  e^{-h (\sigma +\tau_1) \tau_2'} \
 e^{h \tau_1 \tau_2'} $$
The first factor in this expression commutes with $L_1$ and goes to the
left while the second one commutes with all $L_1,\ L_2, \ldots L_N$
(because they act in the different subspaces) and goes to the right.
Repeating the similar procedure for all exponents, and taking
into account ${\displaystyle \sum_{m=2}^N \sum_{n=1}^{m-1}  =
\sum_{n=1}^{N-1} \sum_{m=n+1}^{N} }$,
we obtain
\begin{equation}
\def\esum #1 #2{ e^{#1 \sigma \ \sum_{n=1}^N \tau_n{#2} } }
{\cal T}_k (h,g) = A_k \
\esum {-h} {'} \ {\cal T}_k (0,0) \  \esum {g} {''} \ A_k^{-1}
\label{mm}
\end{equation}
$$A_k = exp
\left\{
\sum_{m=2}^N \sum_{n=1}^{m-1} ( -h \tau_m' \tau_n - g \tau_m \tau_n'')
\right\}
$$

Then, due to the charge conservation (\ref{ccc}) ,
${\displaystyle \sum_{n=1}^{N} \tau_n^{(k)}   }$ is a constant. For the 6-vertex
model this property is known also as the ice rule (see e.g. \cite{baxter,
liebwu}):
$$ {1 \over N} \ \sum_{n=1}^{N} \tau_n^{(k)} = y_k $$ --- the so-called
polarization vector. $y_k$ may take values $-1 \leq \ y_k \ \leq 1$.

Restoring the index $k$, $A_k$ can be written as
$$ A_k = C_{k+1,k} C_{k,k-1}; \  \ \
C_{k+1,k} = exp \left\{
\sum_{m=2}^N \sum_{n=1}^{m-1} (-h_k \tau_m^{(k+1)} \tau_n^{(k)} )
\right\}
$$
\def\tau_j #1{{ {\cal T}_{#1} }}
\def{ {\cal T} }{{ {\cal T} }}
Multiplying $\tau_j 1 \tau_j 2 \ldots \tau_j K$ and using $A_k^{-1} \ A_{k+1} =
C_{k,k-1}^{-1} \ C_{k+2,k+1}$, we get for the global monodromy
matrix (\ref{gmm}):
\def\grob #1 #2 #3 {{
 \ e^{#3 \sigma^{(#1)} Y_{#2}} \
}}
\begin{eqnarray*}
{ {\cal T} } = C_{1,0} C_{2,1} \grob 1 2 {-h_1} \tau_j 1 (0,0) \grob 1 0 {h_0}
C_{1,0}^{-1} C_{3,2} \ldots \\
C_{K-1,K-2}^{-1} \ C_{K+1,K} \grob K {K+1} {-h_K}  \tau_j K (0,0)
\grob K {K-1} {h_{K-1}}
C_{K+1,K}^{-1} \ C_{K,K-1}^{-1}
\end{eqnarray*}
Here $ Y_k = N \ y_k$.

Moving $C$-factors ($C^{-1}$-factors) to the left (to the right), one obtains
\begin{equation}
{ {\cal T} }  = B \left(
\prod_{k=1}^K  \grob k {k+1} {-h_k} \tau_j k (0,0) \grob k {k-1} {h_{k-1}}
\right) B^{-1}
\label{final}
\end{equation}
$$B = \prod_{k=1}^K C_{k,k-1}$$

$B$ depends only on $\tau_n^{(k)}$, and therefore it is  a
gauge transformation. In the other hand, one can consider the transfer-matrix
for the 6-vertex model in a horizontal field of strength $H$
$$
\defe^{- {H \over 2 }  \sigma} {e^{- {H \over 2 }  \sigma} }
\tau_j {6v} (H) = \prod_{n=1}^N e^{- {H \over 2 }  \sigma}  L_n e^{- {H \over 2 }  \sigma}
$$
Doing the same procedure, we arrive to formula (\ref{mm}) with substitution
$h = -g = H/2; \ \ \tau_n',\tau_n'' \rightarrow 1$:
$$
\defe^{- {N H \over 2 }  \sigma} {e^{- {N H \over 2 }  \sigma} }
\tau_j {6v} (H) = A \ e^{- {N H \over 2 }  \sigma}  \tau_j {6v} (0) e^{- {N H \over 2 }  \sigma}   \ A^{-1}
$$
in which $A$ again is a gauge transformation.
Comparing the last relation with (\ref{final}), we see that partition function
of our model and the set 6-vertex planes, $k$-th plane in a field
$$H_k = h_k y_{k+1} - h_{k-1} y_{k-1}$$
(both systems with open boundaries) are gauge-equivalent.  Hence,
their transfer-matrices are equal
$$
{\bf T}_{our \ model} = \prod_{k=1}^K T_{6v} (h_k y_{k+1} - h_{k-1} y_{k-1})
$$
\newpage

\bigskip

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Ok this will be a totally random, mixed bag of stuff that will have little to do with my hair so keep reading if you would like lol.
First, my inner nerd has come on out because of t-shirts. I very rarely buy shirts that aren't related to work or my sorority but I totally had to indulge in these. I am totally in love with Harleen Quinzel who is Harley Quinn's alter ego before she's in love with the Joker and off her proverbial rocker. And Puddin' is her term of endearment for the psychotic object of her affection so the shirt made me crack up. The other two shirts combined other random things I like (Minions, Doctor Who, and the Grinch lol). I have enjoyed watching people trying to piece the connections together when I'm wearing the Minion and Tardis shirt. I am all kinds of geeky and I know it.
I also finally made my salmon and OH MY GOD the wild sockeye salmon was flipping amazing. Like it makes the farm raised salmon taste like a knock off version of your favorite Little Debbie treat. It's not bad but it's not nearly as good. The only downside is it's dramatically more expensive than the farm raised offering. I will have to look for it when it's on sale and also look for another salmon that I saw when I bought these two. Still have enough for lunch tomorrow or dinner maybe.
And in probably the best news for me I am steadily drinking at least 72 ounces of water a day, often more like 96 or a bit over 100. As someone who really sees, still, no purpose in plain water this is a major accomplishment. I'm sure it will help me lose weight, nourish all my cells and help my hair and skin out in the long run but woo if it wasn't for Mio or Minute Maid drops it wouldn't happen. Crystal Light doesn't have tubes for larger bottles of water. I could use two of the tubes meant for 16 ounces of water but that made the water odd after a while with a weird after taste. And I'd run through a box in two days when I was really on my water intake. Three squeezes of either makes the absolute right amount and when I ran out tonight instead of foregoing more water I ran to the store with my coupons and grabbed way more than I need. And when I got there it was on sale and one had been permanently marked down woo winning.
And thanks to Phoenix for nominating me for a Sunshine Blogger Award. I will answer that post either tonight or tomorrow.


Mobile users will not be charged extra for using their phones abroad while travelling within the EU from June 2017.
The European Parliament yesterday gave final approval to a new law which bans roaming fees for making calls, sending text messages and using data abroad in the EU.
From 30 April 2016, roaming charges will be capped at €0.05 per minute for outgoing voice calls, €0.02 for texts and €0.05 per MB of data.
A cap on charges for incoming voice calls will be determined later this year but is expected to be considerably lower than for outgoing calls.
The fees will be banned altogether from 15 June 2017.
The move follows a deal between the European Commission, European Council and European Parliament, with the final green light given yesterday.
The commission has previously said the restrictions will make roaming 75% cheaper than current roaming caps for calls and data.
The new telecoms package agreed by MEPs also includes rules on the right to internet access and broadband performance speed.
"Thanks to this agreement, Europe will also become the only region in world which legally guarantees open internet and net neutrality," added Ms del Castillo.
The agreement on net neutrality means internet service providers must treat all internet traffic equally – although there are exceptions.
ISPs will still be able to prioritise 'specialised services' such as internet TV on the condition that it does not have an impact on general internet quality.
Critics, including the Web Foundation founded by Tim Berners-Lee, say the loophole will allow companies to pay for preferential treatment from ISPs.
As well as dealing with access to the internet, the European telecoms package also looked at the speeds consumers can expect to get.
Fixed and mobile broadband providers will now have to give new customers a clear explanation of what download and upload speeds they can usually expect.
Customers who do not get these speeds may be able to terminate their contract or be eligible for compensation.
Earlier this year, Cable.co.uk reported that a survey by Worldsim found that more than half of Britons don't use their phone or tablet outside the UK because of fears of roaming charges.


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text:
Edwin Michael
COPH at a Glance
Who is Public Health?
Adjunct/Affiliate/Emeritus/Joint Faculty
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Edwin Michael, PhD
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Voice Mail: (813) 974-9310 or (813) 974-0825(lab)
Email: emichael443@usf.edu
Education and History
Came to USF
MSc, Madras University, 1984
PhD, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, 1990
Epidemiology, Population Biology, and Computational Disease Dynamics
Epidemiology and population ecology of disease transmission
Dr. Edwin Michael is an epidemiologist who studies the spread and control of global infectious diseases. The overriding objective of Dr. Michael's research is to address questions regarding the population ecology, epidemiology, dynamics, and control of tropical vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, including lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, Chagas disease, dengue and malaria, enteric diseases, and more recently epidemic diseases, such as SARS-Cov-2/Covid-19. A common theme running across these research programs is a primary focus on the development and implementation of novel analytical and computational approaches for providing a deeper understanding of the determinants, pathways and dynamics of disease transmission in endemic communities and using the insights gained for identifying and analyzing sustainable approaches to disease control. Insights are based on the integrated application of emerging tools and approaches particularly in the fields of system dynamics modeling, computational science, community ecology, socio-ecology, spatio-temporal analysis, molecular biology, parasite population genetics, information technology, biostatistics, and health policy. In his laboratory, Dr. Michael also studies the influence of global climate change on vector- and environmentally-mediated infectious disease transmission, as well as the increasingly important public health topic of the epidemiology of chronic and infectious disease co-occurrence and morbidity in developing populations, focusing in particular on the implications of the growing incidence of diabetes mellitus in these communities for the transmission and control of infectious diseases such as TB, HIV and melioidosis. Currently, he leads the development of the SEIRcast covid-19 modelling portal for supporting population-level response and hospital surge planning to contain the pandemic at the county level.


Allah (SWT) describing the Sahabah Karam Radi'Allahu Anhum Ajma'in in such a manner only presents additional evidence to illuminate their true status and level in the eyes of Allah (SWT).
In addition, our beloved Rasulullah صلي الله عليه واله وسلم was reported to have said, "Each and every one of my Ashab is like the stars in the sky. Adapting yourself to any one of them will guide you to love of Allahu ta'ala" (Mir'ât-i-kâinât p.326).
The Sahabah Radi'Allahu Anhum Ajma'in were the best of people, so we wanted to dedicate this issue of TMN to their greatness so that we can increase our love for them. And just like our beloved Rasulullah صلي الله عليه واله وسلم said in his narration above, we wish to become more like the Sahabah and learn from them so that we can ultimately bring ourselves closer to our Lord, our Creator, our Allah (SWT).
Any mistakes are from myself, I ask you to remember the authors in your du'as, and forgive us for all our shortcomings.


I have known Chris for several years and in that time he has shown me how much he cares for animals and people from all walks of life. 10 out of 10 Chris is a responsible and loving dog caregiver.
I work from home full time. My wife and I have had dogs our whole life and know how to take care of pets well. We also have experience taking care of cats. We recently fostered a blue-heeler/australian shepherd mix for a friend who left overseas in the military for 2 years. Now that he is back with his owner, we would love to fill our "doggie void" with pet sitting. My wife and I live in a campground in a large 34 foot 5th-Wheel. We have a large field behind our lot and there also is a dog park at the campground. We are big outdoors people, and we love to take pets with us in our adventures. Whatever your pet loves to do, we will make time for it. We would love to take care of your fur baby!


Does anyone of you have problems with Xhorse BE key pro improved version??
The problem is: sometimes the key isn't recognize by EIS. Then need to remove end put again..
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I in that case you need to write the key to another position.


No End In Sight (Director: Charles Ferguson, USA, 2007): First-time director Charles Ferguson decided to make this film at a time when a number of books were being published about the Bush administration's disastrous handling of the Iraq war. In fact, Ferguson has known George Packer, author of probably the definitive work (so far) on the war, The Assassins' Gate: America in Iraq, for fifteen years. This helped to explain why there was a familiarity about many of the people I saw on the screen. What Ferguson has made is essentially an even more hard-hitting version of Packer's book.
Ignoring the question of whether the war itself was justified was a wise choice. By focussing strictly on how the war and occupation were planned (or perhaps more accurately, not planned), Ferguson's film appeals to both the doves and the hawks, all of whom must agree after seeing the film that the Iraq war is now a full-blown debacle. In interviews about the film, Ferguson has gravely but confidently stated that he believes the US will have a significant military presence in Iraq for the next 20 to 30 years. His film quietly and soberly puts all the pieces together, building emotional power as it goes. He speaks with the people who were first on the ground in Iraq after the invasion, and we hear how ill-prepared they were. Then the hasty establishment of the Coalition Provisional Authority turned the country into, for all intents and purposes, a new dictatorship with L. Paul Bremer wielding incredible power and changing policy decisions with little consultation. The three most damning policies he pursued were the failure to proceed quickly with an Iraqi-led government, the de-Baathification of the civil service, and the dissolution of the Iraqi Army. Along with the failure of American troops to stop looting and establish law and order quickly after the invasion, Ferguson and his group of interviewees feel these bad decisions at the beginning of the war were significant in leading to the current chaos.
This is a sobering and necessary film. And yet it would have been great to hear even a few suggestions for how to make things right. How can we learn from these mistakes and lessen the damage that's already been done? Unfortunately, that film has yet to be made.
The film is in limited release right now in the US, expanding over the next few weeks. There is no release date yet for Toronto.
This entry was posted in Documentaries, Theatrical Release and tagged Documentaries, iraq, Theatrical Release. Bookmark the permalink.


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text:
a_christmas_carol [2013/12/20 06:52]
bittzy78
- ==A Christmas Carol by Charles Dickens==
- The following excerpt was taken from Save 1(chapter one) of the public domain book A Christmas Carol. The book was published on December 19th, 1843.
- ==A Christmas Carol Stave 1==
- Marley was dead: to begin with. There is no doubt whatever about that. The register of his burial was signed by the clergyman, the clerk, the undertaker, and the chief mourner. Scrooge signed it. And Scrooge's name was good upon 'Change, for anything he chose to put his hand to.
- Old Marley was as dead as a door-nail.
- Mind! I don't mean to say that I know, of my own knowledge, what there is particularly dead about a door-nail. I might have been inclined, myself, to regard a coffin-nail as the deadest piece of ironmongery in the trade. But the wisdom of our ancestors is in the simile; and my unhallowed hands shall not disturb it, or the Country's done for. You will therefore permit me to repeat, emphatically, that Marley was as dead as a door-nail.
- Scrooge knew he was dead? Of course he did. How could it be otherwise? Scrooge and he were partners for I don't know how many years. Scrooge was his sole executor, his sole administrator, his sole assign, his sole residuary legatee, his sole friend, and sole mourner. And even Scrooge was not so dreadfully cut up by the sad event, but that he was an excellent man of business on the very day of the funeral, and solemnised it with an undoubted bargain. The mention of Marley's funeral brings me back to the point I started from. There is no doubt that Marley was dead. This must be distinctly understood, or nothing wonderful can come of the story I am going to relate. If we were not perfectly convinced that Hamlet's Father died before the play began, there would be nothing more remarkable in his taking a stroll at night, in an easterly wind, upon his own ramparts, than there would be in any other middle-aged gentleman rashly turning out after dark in a breezy spot -- say Saint Paul's Churchyard for instance -- literally to astonish his son's weak mind.
- Scrooge never painted out Old Marley's name. There it stood, years afterwards, above the warehouse door: Scrooge and Marley. The firm was known as Scrooge and Marley. Sometimes people new to the business called Scrooge Scrooge, and sometimes Marley, but he answered to both names. It was all the same to him.
- Oh! But he was a tight-fisted hand at the grind- stone, Scrooge! a squeezing, wrenching, grasping, scraping, clutching, covetous, old sinner! Hard and sharp as flint, from which no steel had ever struck out generous fire; secret, and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster. The cold within him froze his old features, nipped his pointed nose, shrivelled his cheek, stiffened his gait; made his eyes red, his thin lips blue; and spoke out shrewdly in his grating voice. A frosty rime was on his head, and on his eyebrows, and his wiry chin. He carried his own low temperature always about with him; he iced his office in the dogdays; and didn't thaw it one degree at Christmas.
- =A timeless message of being kind to one and all=
- Is there any other book out there that defines the entire holiday season for both the Christian and Secular worlds alike? It would be very difficult to find one that does. This book so clearly defines what we have come to view as acceptable attitude towards our fellow man during the timeframe each year from Thanksgiving to New Years that it would be difficult to imagine the holiday season without it.
- A Christmas Carol has stood the test of time in terms popularity because of its simple message of being kind to your neighbors, sharing what you have and basically never allowing yourself to become too "worldly."  It is good to practice these points-to-live-by during the holiday season, but it is even better to practice them all year long.
- ==Public domain definition==
- According to the dictionary public domain is defined as the status of a literary work or an invention whose copyright or patent has expired or that never had such protection.
- In the case of books, it is those published before 1923 as per United States  law.
- [[Category:Arts]] | [[Category:Fiction]] | [[Category:Book Review]]
a_christmas_carol.txt · Last modified: 2018/07/29 01:22 (external edit)