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Chapter Title: CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES
Article Title: GENERAL PROVISIONS
Tax Type: Kansas Retailers' Sales Tax; Corporate Income Tax; Individual Income Tax; Privilege
Brief Description: Countywide and city retailers' sales taxes; procedure for
imposition; election required; rate; use of revenue; validation of certain
elections; continuation in effect of certain taxes; authority for imposition;
12-187. Countywide and city retailers' sales taxes; procedure for imposition; election required; rate; use of revenue; validation of certain elections; continuation in effect of certain taxes; authority for imposition; statement of purpose. (a) No city shall impose a retailers' sales tax under the provisions of this act without the governing body of such city having first submitted such proposition to and having received the approval of a majority of the electors of the city voting thereon at an election called and held therefor. The governing body of any city may submit the question of imposing a retailers' sales tax and the governing body shall be required to submit the question upon submission of a petition signed by electors of such city equal in number to not less than 10% of the electors of such city.
(b) (1) The board of county commissioners of any county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax to the electors at an election called and held thereon, and any such board shall be required to submit the question upon submission of a petition signed by electors of such county equal in number to not less than 10% of the electors of such county who voted at the last preceding general election for the office of secretary of state, or upon receiving resolutions requesting such an election passed by not less than 2/3 of the membership of the governing body of each of one or more cities within such county which contains a population of not less than 25% of the entire population of the county, or upon receiving resolutions requesting such an election passed by 2/3 of the membership of the governing body of each of one or more taxing subdivisions within such county which levy not less than 25% of the property taxes levied by all taxing subdivisions within the county.
(2) The board of county commissioners of Anderson, Atchison, Barton, Brown, Butler, Chase, Cowley, Cherokee, Crawford, Ford, Franklin, Jefferson, Linn, Lyon, Marion, Miami, Montgomery, Neosho, Osage, Ottawa, Reno, Riley, Saline, Seward, Sumner, Thomas, Wabaunsee, Wilson and Wyandotte counties may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the construction or remodeling of a courthouse, jail, law enforcement center facility or other county administrative facility, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire when sales tax sufficient to pay all of the costs incurred in the financing of such facility has been collected by retailers as determined by the secretary of revenue. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to allow the rate of tax imposed by Butler, Chase, Cowley, Lyon, Montgomery, Neosho, Riley, Sumner or Wilson county pursuant to this paragraph to exceed or be imposed at any rate other than the rates prescribed in K.S.A. 12-189, and amendments thereto.
(3) (A) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the result of the election held on November 8, 1988, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Jackson county for the purpose of increasing its countywide retailers' sales tax by 1% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received therefrom by the county shall be expended solely for the purpose of financing the Banner Creek reservoir project. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall take effect on the effective date of this act and shall expire not later than five years after such date.
(B) The result of the election held on November 8, 1994, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Ottawa county for the purpose of increasing its countywide retailers' sales tax by 1% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received therefrom by the county shall be expended solely for the purpose of financing the erection, construction and furnishing of a law enforcement center and jail facility.
(C) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the result of the election held on November 2, 2004, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Sedgwick county for the purpose of increasing its countywide retailers' sales tax by 1% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received therefrom by the county shall be used only to pay the costs of: (i) Acquisition of a site and constructing and equipping thereon a new regional events center, associated parking and infrastructure improvements and related appurtenances thereto, to be located in the downtown area of the city of Wichita, Kansas, (the "downtown arena"); (ii) design for the Kansas coliseum complex and construction of improvements to the pavilions; and (iii) establishing an operating and maintenance reserve for the downtown arena and the Kansas coliseum complex. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall commence on July 1, 2005, and shall terminate not later than 30 months after the commencement thereof.
(D) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the result of the election held on August 5, 2008, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Lyon county for the purpose of increasing its countywide retailers' sales tax by 1% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received therefrom by the county shall be expended for the purposes of ad valorem tax reduction and capital outlay. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall terminate not later than five years after the commencement thereof.
(E) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, the result of the election held on August 5, 2008, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Rawlins county for the purpose of increasing its countywide retailers' sales tax by 0.75% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received therefrom by the county shall be expended for the purposes of financing the costs of a swimming pool. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall terminate not later than 15 years after the commencement thereof or upon payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such project.
(F) The result of the election held on December 1, 2009, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Chautauqua county for the purpose of increasing its countywide retailers' sales tax by 1% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received from such tax by the county shall be expended for the purposes of financing the costs of constructing, furnishing and equipping a county jail and law enforcement center and necessary improvements appurtenant to such jail and law enforcement center. Any tax imposed pursuant to authority granted in this paragraph shall terminate upon payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph incurred in the financing of the project described in this paragraph.
(G) The result of the election held on April 7, 2015, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Bourbon county for the purpose of increasing its retailers' sales tax by 0.4% is hereby declared valid, and the revenue received therefrom by the county shall be expended solely for the purpose of financing the costs of constructing, furnishing and operating a courthouse, law enforcement center or jail facility improvements. Any tax imposed pursuant to authority granted in this paragraph shall terminate upon payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph incurred in the financing of the project described in this paragraph.
(4) The board of county commissioners of Finney and Ford counties may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing all or any portion of the cost to be paid by Finney or Ford county for construction of highway projects identified as system enhancements under the provisions of K.S.A. 68-2314(b)(5), and amendments thereto, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. Such election shall be called and held in the manner provided by the general bond law. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon the payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such highway projects. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to allow the rate of tax imposed by Finney or Ford county pursuant to this paragraph to exceed the maximum rate prescribed in K.S.A. 12-189, and amendments thereto. If any funds remain upon the payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such highway projects in Finney county, the state treasurer shall remit such funds to the treasurer of Finney county and upon receipt of such moneys shall be deposited to the credit of the county road and bridge fund. If any funds remain upon the payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such highway projects in Ford county, the state treasurer shall remit such funds to the treasurer of Ford county and upon receipt of such moneys shall be deposited to the credit of the county road and bridge fund.
(5) The board of county commissioners of any county may submit the question of imposing a retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% or 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the provision of health care services, as enumerated in the question, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. Whenever any county imposes a tax pursuant to this paragraph, any tax imposed pursuant to subsection (a)(2) by any city located in such county shall expire upon the effective date of the imposition of the countywide tax, and thereafter the state treasurer shall remit to each such city that portion of the countywide tax revenue collected by retailers within such city as certified by the director of taxation. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall be deemed to be in addition to the rate limitations prescribed in K.S.A. 12-189, and amendments thereto. As used in this paragraph, health care services shall include, but not be limited to, the following: Local health departments, city or county hospitals, city or county nursing homes, preventive health care services including immunizations, prenatal care and the postponement of entry into nursing homes by home care services, mental health services, indigent health care, physician or health care worker recruitment, health education, emergency medical services, rural health clinics, integration of health care services, home health services and rural health networks.
(6) The board of county commissioners of Allen county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of operation and construction of a solid waste disposal area or the modification of an existing landfill to comply with federal regulations to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon the payment of all costs incurred in the financing of the project undertaken. Nothing in this paragraph shall be construed to allow the rate of tax imposed by Allen county pursuant to this paragraph to exceed or be imposed at any rate other than the rates prescribed in K.S.A. 12-189, and amendments thereto.
(7) The board of county commissioners of Clay, Dickinson and Miami county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.50% in the case of Clay and Dickinson county and at a rate of up to 1% in the case of Miami county, and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of roadway construction and improvement to the electors at an election called and held thereon. Except as otherwise provided, the tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after five years from the date such tax is first collected. The result of the election held on November 2, 2004, on the question submitted by the board of county commissioners of Miami county for the purpose of extending for an additional five-year period the countywide retailers' sales tax imposed pursuant to this subsection in Miami county is hereby declared valid. The countywide retailers' sales tax imposed pursuant to this subsection in Clay and Miami county may be extended or reenacted for additional five-year periods upon the board of county commissioners of Clay and Miami county submitting such question to the electors at an election called and held thereon for each additional five-year period as provided by law.
(8) The board of county commissioners of Sherman county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of street and roadway improvements to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such project.
(9) The board of county commissioners of Cowley, Crawford, Russell and Woodson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% in the case of Crawford, Russell and Woodson county and at a rate of up to 0.25%, in the case of Cowley county and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing economic development initiatives or public infrastructure projects. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after five years from the date such tax is first collected.
(10) The board of county commissioners of Franklin county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing recreational facilities. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized in financing such facilities.
(11) The board of county commissioners of Douglas county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purposes of conservation, access and management of open space; preservation of cultural heritage; and economic development projects and activities.
(12) The board of county commissioners of Shawnee county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom to the city of Topeka for the purpose of financing the costs of rebuilding the Topeka boulevard bridge and other public infrastructure improvements associated with such project to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized in financing such project.
(13) The board of county commissioners of Jackson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at a rate of 0.4% and pledging the revenue received therefrom as follows: 50% of such revenues for the purpose of financing for economic development initiatives; and 50% of such revenues for the purpose of financing public infrastructure projects to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after seven years from the date such tax is first collected. The board of county commissioners of Jackson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at a rate of 0.4% which such tax shall take effect after the expiration of the tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph prior to the effective date of this act, and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing public infrastructure projects to the electors at an election called and held thereon. Such tax shall expire after seven years from the date such tax is first collected.
(14) The board of county commissioners of Neosho county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of roadway construction and improvement to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such project.
(15) The board of county commissioners of Saline county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of up to 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of construction and operation of an expo center to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after five years from the date such tax is first collected.
(16) The board of county commissioners of Harvey county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 1.0% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of property tax relief, economic development initiatives and public infrastructure improvements to the electors at an election called and held thereon.
(17) The board of county commissioners of Atchison county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of construction and maintenance of sports and recreational facilities to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized in financing such facilities.
(18) The board of county commissioners of Wabaunsee county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of bridge and roadway construction and improvement to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after 15 years from the date such tax is first collected.
(19) The board of county commissioners of Jefferson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of roadway construction and improvement to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after six years from the date such tax is first collected. The countywide retailers' sales tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph may be extended or reenacted for additional six-year periods upon the board of county commissioners of Jefferson county submitting such question to the electors at an election called and held thereon for each additional six-year period as provided by law.
(20) The board of county commissioners of Riley county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of up to 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of bridge and roadway construction and improvement to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after five years from the date such tax is first collected.
(21) The board of county commissioners of Johnson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the construction and operation costs of public safety projects, including, but not limited to, a jail, detention center, sheriff's resource center, crime lab or other county administrative or operational facility dedicated to public safety, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after 10 years from the date such tax is first collected. The countywide retailers' sales tax imposed pursuant to this subsection may be extended or reenacted for additional periods not exceeding 10 years upon the board of county commissioners of Johnson county submitting such question to the electors at an election called and held thereon for each additional ten-year period as provided by law.
(22) The board of county commissioners of Wilson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of up to 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of roadway construction and improvements to federal highways, the development of a new industrial park and other public infrastructure improvements to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized pursuant to this paragraph in the financing of such project or projects.
(23) The board of county commissioners of Butler county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of either 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% or 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of public safety capital projects or bridge and roadway construction projects, or both, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized in financing such projects.
(24) The board of county commissioners of Barton county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of up to 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of roadway and bridge construction and improvement and infrastructure development and improvement to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire after 10 years from the date such tax is first collected.
(25) The board of county commissioners of Jefferson county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of the county's obligation as participating employer to make employer contributions and other required contributions to the Kansas public employees retirement system for eligible employees of the county who are members of the Kansas police and firemen's retirement system, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized in financing such purpose.
(26) The board of county commissioners of Pottawatomie county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of up to 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of construction or remodeling of a courthouse, jail, law enforcement center facility or other county administrative facility, or public infrastructure improvements, or both, to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon payment of all costs authorized in financing such project or projects.
(27) The board of county commissioners of Kingman county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.25%, 0.5%, 0.75% or 1% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of constructing and furnishing a law enforcement center and jail facility and the costs of roadway and bridge improvements to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire not later than 20 years from the date such tax is first collected.
(28) The board of county commissioners of Edwards county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.375% and pledging the revenue therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of economic development initiatives to the electors at an election called and held thereon.
(29) The board of county commissioners of Rooks county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% and pledging the revenue therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of constructing or remodeling and furnishing a jail facility to the electors at an election called and held thereon. The tax imposed pursuant to this paragraph shall expire upon the payment of all costs authorized in financing such project or projects.
(30) The board of county commissioners of Douglas county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the construction or remodeling of a courthouse, jail, law enforcement center facility, detention facility or other county administrative facility, specifically including mental health and for the operation thereof.
(31) The board of county commissioners of Bourbon county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of up to 1%, in increments of 0.05%, and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of constructing, furnishing and operating a courthouse, law enforcement center or jail facility improvements to the electors at an election called and held thereon.
(32) The board of county commissioners of Marion county may submit the question of imposing a countywide retailers' sales tax at the rate of 0.5% and pledging the revenue received therefrom for the purpose of financing the costs of property tax relief, economic development initiatives and the construction of public infrastructure improvements, including buildings, to the electors at an election called and held thereon.
(c) The boards of county commissioners of any two or more contiguous counties, upon adoption of a joint resolution by such boards, may submit the question of imposing a retailers' sales tax within such counties to the electors of such counties at an election called and held thereon and such boards of any two or more contiguous counties shall be required to submit such question upon submission of a petition in each of such counties, signed by a number of electors of each of such counties where submitted equal in number to not less than 10% of the electors of each of such counties who voted at the last preceding general election for the office of secretary of state, or upon receiving resolutions requesting such an election passed by not less than 2/3 of the membership of the governing body of each of one or more cities within each of such counties which contains a population of not less than 25% of the entire population of each of such counties, or upon receiving resolutions requesting such an election passed by 2/3 of the membership of the governing body of each of one or more taxing subdivisions within each of such counties which levy not less than 25% of the property taxes levied by all taxing subdivisions within each of such counties.
(d) Any city retailers' sales tax being levied by a city prior to July 1, 2006, shall continue in effect until repealed in the manner provided herein for the adoption and approval of such tax or until repealed by the adoption of an ordinance for such repeal. Any countywide retailers' sales tax in the amount of 0.5% or 1% in effect on July 1, 1990, shall continue in effect until repealed in the manner provided herein for the adoption and approval of such tax.
(e) Any city or county proposing to adopt a retailers' sales tax shall give notice of its intention to submit such proposition for approval by the electors in the manner required by K.S.A. 10-120, and amendments thereto. The notices shall state the time of the election and the rate and effective date of the proposed tax. If a majority of the electors voting thereon at such election fail to approve the proposition, such proposition may be resubmitted under the conditions and in the manner provided in this act for submission of the proposition. If a majority of the electors voting thereon at such election shall approve the levying of such tax, the governing body of any such city or county shall provide by ordinance or resolution, as the case may be, for the levy of the tax. Any repeal of such tax or any reduction or increase in the rate thereof, within the limits prescribed by K.S.A. 12-189, and amendments thereto, shall be accomplished in the manner provided herein for the adoption and approval of such tax except that the repeal of any such city retailers' sales tax may be accomplished by the adoption of an ordinance so providing.
(f) The sufficiency of the number of signers of any petition filed under this section shall be determined by the county election officer. Every election held under this act shall be conducted by the county election officer.
(g) The governing body of the city or county proposing to levy any retailers' sales tax shall specify the purpose or purposes for which the revenue would be used, and a statement generally describing such purpose or purposes shall be included as a part of the ballot proposition.
History: L. 1978, ch. 56, § 1; L. 1982, ch. 64, § 2; L. 1983, ch. 57, § 1; L. 1987, ch. 63, § 1; L. 1988, ch. 73, § 1; L. 1989, ch. 57, § 1; L. 1990, ch. 68, § 3; L. 1990, ch. 69, § 1; L. 1992, ch. 198, § 5; L. 1992, ch. 279, § 1; L. 1992, ch. 251, § 1; L. 1993, ch. 240, § 1; L. 1994, ch. 354, § 1; L. 1995, ch. 12, § 1; L. 1995, ch. 246, § 1; L. 1998, ch. 11, § 1; L. 1998, ch. 188, § 1; L. 1999, ch. 1, § 2; L. 2000, ch. 140, § 1; L. 2002, ch. 185, § 34; L. 2003, ch. 147, § 32; L. 2004, ch. 173, § 3; L. 2005, ch. 47, § 1; L. 2005, ch. 186, § 2; L. 2006, ch. 9, § 1; L. 2006, ch. 191, § 1; L. 2007, ch. 158, § 6; L. 2007, ch. 195, § 52; L. 2008, ch. 100, § 3; L. 2009, ch. 1, § 1; L. 2010, ch. 3, § 1; L. 2010, ch. 83, § 1; L. 2011, ch. 88, § 1; L. 2014, ch. 132, § 1; L. 2015, ch. 99, § 13; L. 2017, ch. 99, § 2; July 1.


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Home / Cosmic Rays / Muon Telescope
December 21, 2019	Cosmic Rays, English Posts 169 Views
Cosmic rays have already been the subject of numerous posts. In PhysicsOpenLab we have built numerous detectors based on Geiger tubes, on PMT coupled with scintillators, on the Cerenkov effect and also on the use of solid state sensors such as SiPM. In this post we want to resume the topic to illustrate the construction of a cosmic ray telescope based on plastic scintillators and SiPM. The aim is to create an instrument sufficiently accurate to allow the measurement of the flux of cosmic rays according to the angle of inclination of the instrument and give evidence of the West – East effect.
The cosmic ray sensor is based on the SiPM device (Silicon Photomultiplier). It is a solid state photomultiplier. These components consist of an array of avalanche photodiodes, called pixels, operating in Geiger mode and connected in parallel on a common Silicon substrate. These components have been the subject of numerous projects carried out by PhysicsOpenLab: Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM), SiPM Preamplifier, SiPM & Plastic Scintillator. The image below shows the sensitive part of the component that we used, a 4x4mm SiPM, photographed through the plastic scintillator.
The SiPM is placed on one side of the plastic scintillator. To fix the component, simply use adhesive tape. To improve the optical coupling between the SiPM and the scintillator, it is advisable to use optical grease between the SiPM surface and the plastic block surface. Of course the side on which the SiPM is placed must be of optical quality. The image below shows the scintillator together with the SiPM.
Our block of plastic scintillator is made of BC412 material and has dimensions of 5.7×5.7 cm with a thickness of 1cm, the sensitive area is 32.5 cm2 .
The scintillator must be wrapped with white Teflon tape in order to reflect and diffuse inside the light radiation produced by the interaction with the particles, in this way the efficiency of the detector is maximized. As an alternative to Teflon, aluminum foil can also be used.
The Teflon-wrapped scintillator is in turn wrapped with dark adhesive tape to prevent ambient light from reaching the SiPM sensor. The scintillator is now placed in an appropriately sized aluminum box equipped with an SMA connector, as shown in the image below.
Two detectors were built and placed on an adjustable and inclinable support in order to realize what is known as a cosmic ray telescope. The two detectors are aligned, one above the other, and spaced 5 cm apart in the first setup and spaced 10 cm apart in the second setup, where the detector are more distant from each other. The two detectors work with the coincidence technique, ie the particles that pass through both detectors are detected and therefore give rise to an impulse on both detectors at the same time. From geometric considerations it turns out that the theoretical angle covered by our telescope is, in the first setup, about 100° which correspond to about 2.24 sr, while in the second setup, where detectors are more distant, the angle is 80° – 1.47 sr. The useful solid angle covered by our instrument, however, is certainly less since it depends on the efficiency of the detectors which is high for the particles that pass near the SiPM and instead is low for the particles that pass further away.
The signals that come from the SiPMs are acquired with a Trans-Impedance Amplifier. The image below shows the circuitry with the power section at the top and two TIA amplifiers for SiPM at the bottom. All inserted in a metal box to reduce electromagnetic disturbances.
The TIA amplifier produces a positive pulse, amplified compared to the original pulse, lasting over 200ns. The oscilloscope trace shown below shows the original SiPM pulse in blue and the amplified pulse in yellow.
The Counter
The pulses produced by the two detectors, after amplification, are sent to a pulse counter. The used "pulse counter" is derived from the counter already presented in the PSoC based Pulse Counter. The original project has been modified to introduce a second input and to also count the coincidence pulses (technique already described in the post PSoC Coincidence Detector – I).
The main part of the counter is described in the diagram below : The two analog inputs convey the pulses to a couple of threshold comparators with hysteresis which produces a variable duration pulse at the outputs. The threshold is set with an external potentiometer, in our application the threshold has been set at 100mV (this value allows to exclude part of the pulses due to environmental radioactivity).
It is important that the duration of the input pulse is not less than the minimum detectable pulse (which is related to the clock frequency). In our case the impulse produced by the amplifier lasts over 200ns and this is sufficient to be detected with a processor running with a 50MHz clock.
The output circuit with D Flip-Flop and RC circuit is used to produce pulses with a constant duration of 1μsec, to be sent to the digital meters of the PSoC.
The images below show, as an example, the information shown on the display during counting :
Counter Functioning State : ON / OFF
Threshold value (Th) : set at 100mV
For detectors A and B and for coincidences C – Value of counting in CPM with Delta
For detectors A and B and for coincidences C- Pulses counted and Counting time
The data of the measured coincidences must also take into account the evaluation of random coincidences not due to the passage of a cosmic ray. We know that the duration of the impulse produced by our circuit is 1μsec, the counting rate of the two detectors, expressed in CPM, is approximately 45 CPM. The random coincidence rate therefore holds :
R = 2 * Ra *Rb * τ = 2 * 45 * 45 * 10-6 = 0.00405 CPM
The measurements we made were mainly the evaluation of the flux of cosmic rays as a function of the inclination of the telescope and the attempt to measure the east – west effect.
Cosmic Ray Flux vs Inclination
The secondary cosmic rays that reach the ground (also arriving in our detector), as we know, are generated by the interaction of the primary rays with the nuclei of the atmosphere. This interaction occurs in the upper layers of the atmosphere, the secondary products of the interaction in turn interact with the gases and gradually lose energy until they are absorbed. If the primary energy exceeds a certain threshold, the secondary rays reach the ground and can be revealed. The number of rays that reach the detector therefore depends on the thickness of the atmosphere they had to go through : it therefore seems obvious that the maximum intensity is obtained by pointing the telescope towards the zenith and the flow is gradually decreasing increasing the inclination towards the vertical, up to to reach the minimum for horizontal orientation.
The figure below shows the different path of secondary muons through the atmosphere.
From geometric considerations the length of the path in the atmosphere varies according to a law proportional to the cos2 of inclination angle; we therefore expect that the flow of cosmic rays will also follow a similar pattern.
With our telescope we made the flow measurements at various angles of inclination and we obtained the graph shown below, in which the measurements are compared with the data calculated according to the law of cos2. As you can see, the agreement is more than good.
Inclination ° CPM Sigma
90° 4.761 0.057
0° 0.313 0.021
East – West Effect
The east-west effect is the enhancement, especially at low geomagnetic latitudes, of primary cosmic rays incident on the atmosphere from the west as compared to those from the east. This is a consequence of the fact that the cosmic rays are postively charged nuclei which are bent systematically in one sense in the geomagnetic field. This interaction leads to some admitted and other "forbidden" trajectories with the net result of having more particles coming from the west than from the east.
The primary cosmic rays arrive near the earth in isotropic directions, having been "randomized" by the interstellar magnetic field. Actually, however, the cosmic rays of low energy from the east are reduced compared to those from the west. This happens because the geomagnetic field acts effectively "suppressing" certain trajectories which therefore turn out to be "prohibited". See the image below.
This "primary asymmetry" is also reflected in the intensity of the fluxes of secondary particles that are generated in the showers of the primary particles and have a direction correlated with the primary one.
By orienting our telescope in the East – West direction, and placing the detectors in the position of greatest distance, we also made a series of measurements in order to highlight this asymmetry.
The measurement results are entered in the table below :
Direction Inclination Counts Time (s) CPM Sigma
West – Est 45° 5615 138921 2.425 0.032
Est – West 45° 3204 87784 2.190 0.039
The values obtained are interesting because they show a "surplus" of counts between the two directions equal to about 10%, a significant value, also taking into account the low value of the statistical error, obtained by prolonging the measurement for many hours.
The same measurements were also made by placing the detectors in the nearest position, which subtends a greater angle, which is about 100°. In this case we expect to get less different values, since the angular resolution is much lower.
Direction Inclinazione Counts Time (s) CPM Sigma
West – Est 45° 22418 205418 6.548 0.044
Est – West 45° 23389 222068 6.319 0.041
As you can see from the data, the difference is less and in percentage is about 3.6%.
These results confirm that the East – West effect on the cosmic rays flux can be measured even in our latitudes, however taking care to prolong the measurement time a lot in order to collect a lot of data, thus reducing the statistical error, and so put in evidence even small counting differences.
Other Coincidence Detector Configurations
The positioning of the two detectors can also be different from the "standard" one inside the telescope described above. The images below describe some configurations that allow to vary considerably the solid acceptance angle.
There is also the possibility of working with detectors side by side, at variable distance, in this case the coincidence events will signal the passage of secondary cosmic rays that originated from the same primary cosmic ray : the so-called "Air Shower". The image below shows the configuration for detecting coincidences due to cosmic shower.
In a configuration similar to the one shown above, we measured 203 coincidence events in 79615 seconds, corresponding to a rate of 0.153 CPM, significantly higher than the rate due to simple random coincidences, which is 0.00405 CPM.
Cosmic Ray Muon	2019-12-21
Tags Cosmic Ray Muon
Previous il Sisma in Albania
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Introduzione Un po' di tempo fa nel nostro laboratorio abbiamo realizzato un detector per raggi …

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: Removing all domains from Network Manager DNS Search List I'm trying to remove all values from the domain search list that's generated by the network manager.  However I cannot get it to provide a blank list.  I have tried using "ignore-auto-dns but the domain is still present.  Are there any other commands that I can issue to remove all domains from the list?
I have also tried the following:
nmcli con mod "System eth0" ipv4.dns-search "" and
nmcli con mod "System eth0" ipv4.dns-search ".", but neither would remove search c.project.internal from /etc/resolv.conf
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ nmcli con mod "System eth0" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns no
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ nmcli con down "System eth0" && nmcli con up "System eth0"
Connection 'System eth0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/1)
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ nmcli device show eth0
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         eth0
GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR:                         42:01:0A:F8:06:9A
GENERAL.MTU:                            1460
GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     System eth0
GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         10.248.6.154/32
IP4.GATEWAY:                            10.248.0.1
IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 10.248.0.1/32, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 10.248.0.1, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[3]:                           dst = 10.248.6.154/32, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.248.253.253
IP4.DNS[2]:                             10.248.254.254
IP4.DNS[3]:                             169.254.169.254
IP4.DOMAIN[1]:                          c.project.internal
IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::4001:aff:fef8:69a/64
IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
IP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search c.project.internal google.internal
nameserver 10.248.253.253
nameserver 10.248.254.254
nameserver 169.254.169.254
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ nmcli con mod "System eth0" ipv4.ignore-auto-dns yes
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ nmcli con down "System eth0" && nmcli con up "System eth0"
Connection 'System eth0' successfully deactivated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/2)
Connection successfully activated (D-Bus active path: /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3)
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ nmcli device show eth0
GENERAL.DEVICE:                         eth0
GENERAL.TYPE:                           ethernet
GENERAL.HWADDR:                         42:01:0A:F8:06:9A
GENERAL.MTU:                            1460
GENERAL.STATE:                          100 (connected)
GENERAL.CONNECTION:                     System eth0
GENERAL.CON-PATH:                       /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/ActiveConnection/3
WIRED-PROPERTIES.CARRIER:               on
IP4.ADDRESS[1]:                         10.248.6.154/32
IP4.GATEWAY:                            10.248.0.1
IP4.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = 10.248.0.1/32, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = 0.0.0.0/0, nh = 10.248.0.1, mt = 100
IP4.ROUTE[3]:                           dst = 10.248.6.154/32, nh = 0.0.0.0, mt = 100
IP4.DNS[1]:                             10.248.253.253
IP4.DNS[2]:                             10.248.254.254
IP6.ADDRESS[1]:                         fe80::4001:aff:fef8:69a/64
IP6.GATEWAY:                            --
IP6.ROUTE[1]:                           dst = fe80::/64, nh = ::, mt = 100
IP6.ROUTE[2]:                           dst = ff00::/8, nh = ::, mt = 256, table=255
[root@instance-1.c:/home] $ cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
search c.project.internal
nameserver 10.248.253.253
nameserver 10.248.254.254

The above example shows that ignore-auto-dns is in fact ignoring the domain passd from DHCP, but the network manager is still getting a domain from somewhere.

A: I assume that you want to "remove all values from the domain search list" from /etc/resolv.conf.
Have a look at the documentation Advanced VPC concepts:

DNS server
Each instance's metadata server acts as a DNS server. It stores the
DNS entries for all VPC network IP addresses in the local VPC network
and calls Google's public DNS server for entries outside the VPC
network. You cannot configure this DNS server. The DHCP client on each
instance is configured to manage the instance's /etc/resolv.conf file.
You can add your own search domain or nameservers to the instance's
/etc/resolv.conf by modifying the DHCP policy. Many Linux
distributions allow these modifications to persist via
/etc/dhcp/dhclient.conf. See the Internal DNS documentation for more
information.

Also, have a look at the documentation Internal DNS section Internal DNS and resolv.conf:

By default, most Linux distributions store DHCP information in resolv.conf. Compute Engine instances are configured to renew DHCP
leases every 24 hours. For instances that are enabled for zonal DNS,
the DHCP lease expires every hour. DHCP renewal overwrites this
file, undoing any changes that you might have made. Instances using
zonal DNS have both zonal and global entries in the resolv.conf file.

and at the section Accessing VMs by internal DNS:

Important: Compute Engine instances receive internal DNS resolution information as part of their DHCP leases. By default,
resolution of internal DNS names is handled by the instance's metadata
server (169.254.169.254). If you change the name server
configuration for your instance, you might not be able to use internal
DNS names. Any replacement name server software must support the
Local Subnet Routes feature of RFC 3442.

In addition, have a look at the documentation VPC firewall rules overview section VPC Documentation:

Google runs a local metadata server alongside each instance at
169.254.169.254. This server is essential to the operation of the instance, so the instance can access it regardless of any firewall
rules you configure.

So, if you really want to change values in resolv.conf it's safer to modify the DHCP policy.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The Imogene + Wille "Imogene Slim" has a hip to accommodate a woman's curves, and larger, wide-set pockets for a flattering backside. The leg opening is wide enough to fit over a slim boot, but slim enough to fit into a taller boot if needed. 92% cotton, 6% polyester, 2% spandex. Please wash according to our washed denim care tips, seen here.


When a live database connection is initiated by Tableau, the connection remains open, which can cause database performance issues.
To prevent later issues with connection over-utilization use one or both of the following approaches.
Reduce the maximum size of the connection pool using protocolcachesize.
Reduce the lifetime of connections in the pool using protocolcachelifetime_in_minutes.
Tableau uses the term "protocol" for database connections or sessions to distinguish from other uses of the term connection. Protocol cache is the connection pool.
On the computer running Tableau Server, open a command prompt as an administrator.
If receiving a warning regarding unknown configuration keys from tsm, append --force-keys flag.
Tableau Server keeps connections open in order to speed workbook load.
The connection hasn't been used in protocolcachelifetime_in_minutes.
The size of the pool has reached protocolcachesize.
On Tableau Server 10.5 and older versions, we clear the pool only when the pool is accessed. Because of this, connections can linger on an idle server. Tableau Server 2018.2 and newer versions regularly clear the pool.


Repetto - ballet every day!
I grew up dancing. As a girl, I was basically in a jazz, tap, or ballet class every day. So, when Repetto reached out while I was in Paris I was ecstatic to collaborate!
Refresher or T.I.L.: In case you weren't a total dance nerd like me. Repetto makes amazing ballet shoes. They invented this specific process and type of stitch called the stitch-and-return that makes for the perfect ballet fit.
After years of perfecting their ballet slippers, they moved on to perfect the daily shoe and beyond. While visiting their store, I fell in love with a pair of black high heels that is a stiletto inspired by a ballet pointe shoe. You can see why the little dancer inside me is so #OBSESSED.
Here's a fun little shoot I got to do in their store in Paris, which was so dreamy. I've also included links for a few of my favorite shoes and corresponding outfits in the shopping guide below. Enjoy!
My next (pregnancy friendly) Vici Dolls looks is this super comfortably and breathable cotton printed jumpsuit.
I paired this with my ultra-comfortable grey heels that I've been living in throughout my pregnancy as well as a classic denim jacket. Prosciutto, of course, is the ultimate accessory. That is, until baby arrives!
First trimester pregnancy dressing is difficult.
The bump is definitely growing, but not noticeable to everyone quite yet. I can't really show it off yet don't really feel comfortable in my crop tops and matching sets anymore. That's why I've been living in oversized tops and sweaters worn with leg lengthening jeans. These amazing flared jeans are so long they require sky high heels but I don't mind the extra height. This look is all Vici Dolls, one of my favorite places to shop right now.
Want to recreate this look? Check out my shopping guide below for some of my top picks for graphic tees and jeans.
now you don't. That's the way I feel about my growing baby bump.
This striped jumpsuit from Swirl Boutique hides my growing baby bump surprisingly well. I had never considered jumpsuits as maternity wear but I am realizing quite quickly that I value comfort AND style while pregnant. But mainly I just want to be comfortable because when pregnancy fatigue hits, it hits hard. This little number is perfect for running errands around town and relaxing on the couch.
Want to recreate this look? Check out my shopping guide below for some of my top picks for red striped jumpsuits.
This printed mini dress from Swirl Boutique was a great choice for a hot summer day. I love the simply, delicate print of the cotton which felt flirty and feminine as well as the flattering waistline. I accessorized this look with my personalized necklace from GLDN and my favorite weekend morning accessory... a Philz Coffee iced mint mojito. If you haven't had one of these babies you really need to head down to your nearest Philz and order one pronto. You may even catch a glimpse of me and Prosciutto waiting in line.
Want to recreate this look? Check out my shopping guide below for some of my favorite cotton sundresses.
I can't get enough of these colorful walls, how picture perfect is Capitola? This embroidered white dress has such beautiful detailing that it truly speaks for itself. Delicate jewelry and a statement bag from Salar Milano gave my look the edginess it needed. Don't forget to check out my shopping guide below for similar styles.
It's so fun meeting you all. While shooting photos someone yelled "Chantelle" and I looked around to see an unfamiliar face. After introducing myself I met the cutest girls!!! They were on vacation in Capitola with their family. It's seriously way too fun meeting you guys, please keep saying, "Hi."
at it's finest in capitola, CA.
There are just some days that I want to dress unabashedly girlie. This outfit has it all: pink, ruffles, floral prints, heels. All of the feminine details that make me really "feel like a woman." Summertime in Capitola really did bring it out in me. How amazing is this off-the-shoulder top by Misa? The oversized ruffle is such a statement that I kept everything else fairly simple and let the neckline do the talking. It paired perfectly with a pair of printed high-waisted shorts by Rails. Once again, my all time favorite booties by Bedstu make an appearance because they genuinely are the most versatile and comfortable in my closet.
I wore this outfit on a day date in the cute little beach town of Capitola, CA. It's nice to spend a little time south of the city where the weather feels a lot more like summer. That's why I brought out some of the things I don't get to wear in San Francisco's June gloom... like shorts, for example. Love this look? I've included a shopping guide below so you can put together something similar. Enjoy!
Sunny and bright in Santa Cruz, CA.
These last few months, I've been a lot more time in Santa Cruz with my fiancé. Although the drive out of the city can be a bit long, it does give me the opportunity to get an early start on summer dressing. It's nice to get away from the San Francisco wind to a bit warmer weather. This dress and jacket combination from N12H was perfect for the sunny streets of Santa Cruz. Did you notice that the bell sleeves on the jacket compliment the peplum hem of the skirt? If you have been staring at that necklace I'm wearing then note it's from my design collaboration with Motif jewelry that launched on April 9th. You can see the full collection over at Motif now.
...I feel pretty and witty and....."
But really! I'm obsessed with these Silk Laundry dresses. The way they hit your body and how they are loose at exactly the right places, leaving a little left to the imagination but hinting at all the right curves. In the first look, I chose to dress down silk fabric with a denim jacket and sandals whereas in the second look I glammed it up a bit with a studded tote and heels. These dresses are versatile and comfy, no wonder I got two of them!
So which dress is your favorite? I'll be honest, I've worn this floral number at least three times since I've gotten it and find it slightly easier to rock than the red. But, the red dress is the perfect bold choice for an event that you really want to make a statement. Want to get one for yourself? Head over to Silk Laundry or check my alternative options in the shopping guide below.


text:
Kim Holden
Kim Holden books in order
Kim Holden is an American author of Romance and Young Adult novels.
Although Kim always intended to write a book two decades ago, she instead waited and waited rather than simply writing.
She however doesn't do regrets, and you shouldn't too.
So if you have something that you dream about, just make however little progress you can every time.
There are not many feelings in the world that can match achieving something you've dreamt about for several years. Make your dreams reality.
That is Kim's message to you.
More about Kim Holden
Genres: Romance, Young Adult
Website: http://www.kimholdenbooks.com
All of It
Bright Side
So Much More (2000)
All of It (2013)
The Other Side (2019)
Bright Side Series
Bright Side (2014)
Gus (2016)
Franco (2016)
Love is just as real as Santa Claus or Vegas.
It's all glittery and fine, until you take a closer look.
Only a fool would believe in love. And I'm no fool.
Love is a queer and illogical feeling, and the passion that comes with it can fuel love…and hate.
I was blinded when I feel in love with Miranda.
I always thought that I wanted her, or rather needed her.
Reality is a savage bitch capable of shattering your dreams, but so is Miranda.
I'm a fool who believes in dreams, and people…and love.
Author: Kim Holden
Publisher: Do Epic LLC
A devoted family, a groovy car named Jezebel, with a well constructed plan of going to college: seventeen-year-old Veronica Smith has it all.
On the first day of senior year, she crosses paths with a peculiar transfer student named Dimitri Glenn.
Dimitri is determined to steal her heart whereas Veronica can't help but wonder what lies behind the gray eyes and naughty smile.
It doesn't take long before Veronica finds herself in a romantic relationship that seems too good to be true.
When a string of tragic events makes her question everything, Veronica is forced to think less with her heart and more with her mind.
Every story has two sides: the side that the world knows and the real one which matters the most.
Seventeen-year-old Toby Page is a self-pronounced jerk.
He is alone, with no friends and family.
Toby battles demons that only he can see on a daily basis, contemplating about giving up ever so often—even though he knows he can't.
When Alice Eliot moves in downstairs, she becomes the source of illumination in his otherwise dark world.
Thanks to her, Toby shows a side of him that nobody else has ever seen.
But will it be enough to save him?
Everybody has secrets. Some are big while others are small. And when those secrets are revealed, some will heal you while others will completely destroy you.
Kate Sedgwick has had it rough, having endured hardship and tragedy growing up.
Nonetheless, she always remained jovial and confident that things would someday change. It's certainly no surprise that her best friend Gus calls her Bright Side.
Although sharp and talented musically, love has no room in Kate's life. So when she leaves San Diego to attend college in the tiny town of Grant, Minnesota, the last thing she expects is to fall head over heels for one Keller Banks.
"How could I ever function without her? She wasn't just my best friend but was like my better half: the other half of my brain, my conscience, my creativity, my sense of humor, and my heart. How do you return to doing what you used to when the other half of you is gone forever?"
This is the tale of a guy named Gus. It's a story about how he lost himself, found himself and received healing in the process.
This second installment of the Bright Side Series is recommended for mature audiences due to strong language and sexual content.
From the sexy tattoos to the incredible talent and a smile to die for, Franco Genovese—drummer for American rock band, Rook—has got it all.
He prefers to keep things simple, until a chance encounter one night at an unassuming L.A. bar changes everything.
Gemma Hendricks is a young accomplished architect from Northern England with a cute smile and a warm heart.
When the two cross paths, the chemistry is instant, albeit temporary given that both of them are heading to their respective homes thousands of miles apart.
But when things escalate, will their friendship turn into love or will it mark their end?


Surging home prices have led to a bubble ... in Internet searches on the topic.
Web searches for the terms "real estate bubble" and "housing bubble" reached a 12-month high at the end of May, according to New York-based website tracker Hitwise.
The number of times people typed in the term "real estate bubble" into such search engines as Google, Yahoo and MSN surged fourfold from the previous week, Hitwise said Thursday.
Searches for "housing bubble" more than doubled, said Bill Tancer, Hitwise's vice president of research.
To be sure, these terms represent a tiny fraction -- less than 0.007% -- of all Internet explorations done on a weekly basis, Tancer explained. But there has been an undeniable increase in their usage, he said.
"Looking at search-term data measures what's on the consumer's mind," Tancer said. "The fact is they are interested in real estate."
Visits to real estate sites have also been growing, an average of 3% each week since Jan. 1, Tancer said, adding that the rate of increase has accelerated in recent weeks.
He isn't sure what prompted the recent run-up in online "bubble" searches.
"It may have coincided with all the media attention surrounding the issue," Tancer speculated.
A bubble in media coverage of the bubble?
Maybe so, considering what sites are getting the most bubble-related traffic.
According to Hitwise, they are: housing-bubble.com, Thehousingbubble.blogspot.com, investor information site capitalmultiplier.com and stock- market-crash.net, a site devoted to all manner of market crashes, financial crises and business calamities -- including history's most notorious real estate market busts.


As an individual, you feel the necessity to make communications with other people and socialize with those around you. However, there are people who find it difficult to make such communications. According to statistics, there are around 15 million people in the US who suffers from the so-called social anxiety. You, being urged to read this article does not mean that you have a social anxiety but that you can be helped if ever you get into too much worry when you are invited to events and you fear that you're not going to be talking to anyone there. Here are some tips provided, so you can learn how to kindle the fire of conversation.
If you are not that good in socializing with people, you will really feel awkward when somebody tries to talk to you. So the secret there is to make an eye contact with that person. Eye contact is actually a means of asking permission from another person to say something. If you can see that the other person is maintaining eye contact, then try to smile. If you are given a smile in return, then that's really awesome. This move can also be used in order to determine if the other person is up to something else and is not willing to talk to you. If a person is using the phone, then that person may not be ready for some talks. The same with people who are reading books or wearing headphones.
Compliments are not to be taken for granted. If there is one person with whom you want to begin a conversation, you should not try to be so serious. You can potentially break the pressure by uttering some lines of compliments. Keep in mind that as long as your compliments are from the heart, they can pull off the job.
Starting a conversation is a very challenging thing to some people. But with the aid of some tips and hints, you have the chance of learning how to converse with other people without experiencing a lot of difficulty. Do keep in mind that eye contact, compliments and jokes are great aids if you have challenge in starting talks.


text:
Home Lounge Staff Spotlight Artist of the Day – Jason Aldean
Spotlight Artist of the Day – Jason Aldean
GLR Employee
Jason Aldean's "Tattoos on This Town" Video Puts New Twist on the Song
CLICK HERE to listen to Jason talk about his latest single "Tattoo's on This Town"
Jason Aldean's video for "Tattoos on This Town" starts out showing a young couple falling in love and having fun in a small town. Jason says, "Then from there it just kind of takes you on a different path I think than people that listen to the song probably think it's going to." The guy in the relationship enlists in the military, and the video's ending is sure to tug on the heartstrings.
As for his performance part of the video, Jason and his band are seen playing the song in an airplane hangar next to a World War II-era plane. "Tattoos on This Town" is the fourth single from Jason's double platinum album, My Kinda Party.
Lafayette Collision
Have Trusted Professionals Repair Your Vehicle – LaFayette Collision Center
The $7,200 Living Room of Your Dreams Giveaway from Interiors by Design Goes to Sara Mueller from Grand Haven
Northern Lights Show Expected for Labor Day Weekend All Across the Midwest
"That's Life": Willie Nelson unveils the title track for his new Frank Sinatra tribute project


This page covers reviews of products and services, reviewed by 256 Kilobytes. These links may contain affiliate links, similar to the ones listed on the affiliate deals page. You can find more information about 256 Kilobytes through the about page.
View, compare, and read reviews of various graphics cards.


text:
Q: How to avoid screen flickering when showing form with user drawn controls? So the transparent background problem is solved.  Now, every time I show the form (or have to have it repainted), I get a lot of flickering.  Is there any way I can not update the screen until the paint event is complete, or any other way to stop the 1/2 second of flickering and flashing while all the objects are being painted?
ANSWER: Double buffering is the way to go.  I was already double buffering on the control, but it has to be set on the form.  I though double buffering only worked when you were subclassing OnPaint yourself.

A: Double Buffering might help, another thing you might want to try is:
SuspendLayout();
dostuffhere...
ResumeLayout();

A: Set the DoubleBuffered Property on the form.

A: Did you try setting the DoubleBuffered property for the form?


Laxatone Soft Chews - Hairball Formula - 60 ct.
Shed Control & Hairball Shampoo for Cats 10 oz.
GregRobert Pet Supplies is proud to carry popular brands of Cat Hairball Remedy and Prevention including Laxa-stat, Laxatone, Kittymalt, Miracle Malt, Grass Gel, Petromalt and others.
Hairballs are formed when the cat swallows too much hair from its fur. While self-grooming, cats often come upon dead hair. Because cats' tongues are rough one-way surfaces, they are unable to dislodge the hair from their mouths and spit it out - they have no choice but to swallow it.
Many cats like the taste of hairball prevention products and they will often lick it directly off your finger. You can also get the cat to ingest it by putting a dab of the laxative on the top of the cat's paw or on its nose and let it lick the stuff off while grooming.
Because cats are always grooming themselves, many owners do not realize that their cat will readily accept and appreciate brushing to remove loose hair. Brushing is the fastest and easiest way to reduce hair ingestion, and it also helps keep it off your furniture.
GregRobert Pet Supplies offers low prices on many brands of Cat Hairball Remedy and Prevention including:, Excel, Four Paws, Nutri-vet, Perfect Coat, Pet Naturals Of Vermont, Sergeants Pet Products, Tomlyn, Vets Best, and other selections.


text:
Posted on September 16, 2022 by morrowcountysentinel
Fair awards presented
By Evelyn Long - For the Sentinel
MORROW COUNTY- A government entity and a long time supporter of the Morrow County Fair were recognized for their contributions during a ceremony held Tuesday, August 30, in the Junior Fair Building.
Amanda Bush, a member of the Morrow County Senior Fair Board, announced the recognition of the Morrow County Commissioners and of Bill Hershner.
Some of the support from the commissioners include the paving of the drive race track and key drive areas by a local (Mid Ohio Paving ) company, removal of two buildings in poor condition and painting of the county engineer's building. Grant applications have been submitted to remove the old dining hall and the old dog shelter. With the already completed improvements plus the two buildings to be demolished by next fair, these improvements include more than a $100,000 investment into the Morrow County Fairgrounds by the Morrow County Commissioners.
Commissioners are Tim Abraham, Tim Siegfried and Tom Whiston.
Hershner has been involved with the Morrow County Fair for 80 years. His service began in 1940 when he served on the Junior Fair board and later the Senior Fair Board as an advisor and exhibitor. He was the first president of the Johnsville Jolly Farmers and Farmerettes in 1947 and then served as an advisor, "currently surviving his 63rd year."
He is a military veteran and returned to resume his 4-H advisory work. During his career he has mentored approximately 675 young people through 4-H. He is also a founding member of the building fund committee.
An engraved plaque was awarded to each of the recipients. Commissioner Tom Whiston was unable to be present.
Assisting Bush was Senior Fair Board member Dale Huvler.
https://www.morrowcountysentinel.com/wp-content/uploads/sites/29/2022/09/web1_Amanda-Bush-with-fair-recipients-1-.jpg
By Evelyn Long
For the Sentinel
Hi! A visitor to our site felt the following article might be of interest to you: Fair awards presented. Here is a link to that story: https://www.morrowcountysentinel.com/news/45674/fair-awards-presented


A good show of quality stock with firm trade remaining in all sections.
FAT COWS: Sold to a top of £1,358 for 950kg Shorthorn beef £143.
Leading prices: Newtownards producer Shorthorn beeg 950kg, £143, £1,358, Simmental 650kg, £183, £1,189, Shorthorn beef 800kg, £144, £1,152, Simmental 720kg, £148, £1,065, Shorthorn beef 760kg, £139, £1,056, Simmental 700kg, £144, £1,008, Donaghadee producer Belgian Blue 670kg, £180, £1,206, Belgian Blue 640kg, £178, £1,139, Belgian Blue 640kg, £170, £1,088, Ballykinlar producer Aberdeen Angus 740kg, £150, £1,110, Limousin 640kg, £146, £934, Killinchy producer Aberdeen Angus 570kg, £189, £1,077, Millisle producer Friesian 820kg, £116, £951, Clough producer Simmental 610kg, £150, £915, Hillsborough producer Charolais 720kg, £126, £907, Comber producer Friesian 740kg, £112, £828, Holstein 590kg, £114, £672, Ballygowan producer Shorthorn 630kg, £127, £800, Killinchy producer Frieisan 640kg £125, £800, Belfast producer Limousin 580kg £123, £713.
BEEF BULLOCKS: Sold to a top of £975 for 650kg Limousin £150.
HEIFERS: Sold to a top of £1,340 for 580kg Charolais.
Leading prices: Crossgar producers Charolais and Limousin 580kg, £1,340, 610kg, £1,320, 590kg, £1,300, 500kg, £1,050, Blonde d'Aquitaine 480kg, £880, Saintfield producer Charolais 450kg, £975, 510kg, £970, 510kg, £940, 500kg, £900, 440kg, £850, 430kg, £840, 520kg, £825, 410kg, £820, Ballygowan producer Limousin 430kg, £770, Limousin 370kg, £670, Seaforde producer Limousin 360kg, £750, Belgian Blue 380kg, £735, Limousin 410kg, £730, 400kg, £730, 310kg, £670, Belgian Blue 380kg, £600, Limousin 290kg, £600, Limousin 270kg, £515, Limousin 290kg, £500. Saintfield producer Hereford 400kg, £705, Belfast producer Limousin 330kg, £630, Newtownards producer Simmental 310kg, £615.
BULLOCKS Sold to a top of £1,550 for 660kg Aberdeen Angus.
Leading prices: Lisburn producer Aberdeen Angus 660kg, £1,550, Charolais 600kg, £1,340, Limousin 460kg, £980, Limousin 430kg, £955, Crossgar producer Charolais 580kg, £1,380, Dromara producer Charolais and Limousin 600kg, £1,300, 660kg, £1,300, 610kg, £1,280, Aberdeen Angus 580kg, £1,260, Aberdeen Angus 560kg, £1,220, Limousin 550kg, £1,175, Charolais 530kg, £1,170, Belgian Blue 590kg, £1,140, Limousins 540kg, £1,135, 540kg, £1,130, 550kg, £1,110, 500kg, £1,090, Charolais 530kg, £1,070, Simmental 590kg, £1,070, Newtownbreda producer Charolais 590kg, £1,160, Charolais 500kg, £980, Charolais 440kg, £980, Dromore producer Limousin 560kg, £1,140, Limousin 470kg, £1,035, Limousin 430kg, £1,000, Charolais 480kg, £990, Simmental 440kg, £960, Limousin 440kg, £930, Ballygowan producer Charolais 470kg, £1,065, Limousin 500kg, £1,020, Charolais 460kg, £985, Charolais 440kg, £980, Limousin 430kg, £920, Crossgar producer Shorthorn beef 460kg, £970, Charolais 450kg, £935, Limousin 400kg, £920, Limousin 460kg, £900.
DROPPED CALVES: Sold to a top £510 for Belgian Blue bull calf. More calves needed to meet demand.
Please ensure all calves have BVD negative results before bringing to market to comply with new DAERA regulations.


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text:
Q: Regex match closest  tags with a group of words in between I have been trying to figure this out to no avail. I have looked at many resources online and some get close but not exact. Let's say I have the following code:

Message 1

Here is Message 2

Here is Message 2 (again)

What I want to do is return all the Message 2's and the text between the closest break tags. The following regex is close:

[\s\S]*?Message 2[\s\S]*?

However, it returns the following two blocks. Block 1:

Message 1

Here is Message 2

Block 2:

Here is Message 2 (again)

However, I need block 1 to return:

Here is Message 2

The messages I receive are always presented in this manner so I don't really think I need an HTML parser.

A: Try this regex pattern:

((?!
)[\s\S])*Message 2((?!
)[\s\S])*

Demo
The trick I use here is to temper the .* with a negative lookahead which asserts that what follows is not a marker
 tag.  In other words, ((?!
).)* will consume everything up to an excluding the next
 tag.
As a disclaimer, in general we should not use regex to parse HTML data.  Sometimes, we are force to do this, e.g. if we are using an editor like Notepad++ which doesn't have an HTML parser.


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After your DUI arrest in Utah, you probably have a lot of questions. Below are answers to the legal questions our DUI attorneys get asked the most. Feel free to contact us with any additional questions you have about your case, or your arrest.
If your license has not already been administratively suspended by the DMV a plea to impaired driving will prevent a driver license suspension.
The Police didn't read me my rights.
and that if the suspect cannot afford an attorney, an attorney will be provided to them.
The misunderstanding stems from the fact that Miranda Warnings are not applicable until a person is questioned while in custody.
the length and form of the interrogation.
(See, Salt Lake City v. Carner, 664 P.2d 1168 (Utah 1983); State v. Levin, 144 P.3d 1096 (Utah 2006)).
When the peace officer questions you prior to administering a preliminary breath test.
Did the Police lawfully stop my vehicle?
In Utah, A peace officer may stop any person in a public place when he has reasonable suspicion to believe he has committed or is in the act of committing or is attempting to commit a public offense and may demand his name, address and an explanation of his actions.
(See Utah Code Ann. §77-7-15).
When reviewing the lawfulness of a stop, Utah Courts must determine whether the facts producing the officer's suspicions were objectively reasonable at the time of the encounter, taking into account all the circumstances of the encounter.
The suspicion must be reasonable to a judge looking at the encounter in hindsight, not suspicion that was subjectively reasonable to the peace officer at the time. In determining whether the suspicion was reasonable the judge will consider the following: The facts known by the peace officer; the observations of the peace officer; and the peace officer's experience. When taken together these elements must come together and point to a conclusion that some form of illegal activity may be underway. Stated another way, what is, or is not reasonable suspicion requires a balancing, weighing and meshing of a variety of factors, taking into account the particular factual setting with which the peace officer was confronted. A mere intuition or instinctive feeling, standing alone, will not justify the stop.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTSA) sponsored research leading to the development of a Driving While Impaired Detection Guide. The Guide describes a set of behaviors that are used by peace officers to justify stopping suspected impaired drivers.
The driving behaviors are broken up into four categories. They are: Problems in maintaining proper lane position; Speed and braking problems; Vigilance problems; and Judgment problems.
Most importantly to the accused is that if the peace officer did not have reasonable suspicion that criminal activity was underway, everything that happened afterwards will be of no consequence. Any evidence that may have been used against the accused will be suppressed.
Did the Police lawfully detain me after stopping my vehicle?
When reviewing the lawfulness of a detention after a lawful stop, Utah Courts will ask, whether the detention was reasonably related in scope to the circumstances which justified the interference in the first place. Moreover, the scope of the stop is addressed as follows: (i) the length of the detention, and (ii) the methods employed during the stop.
The length of the detention is well settled "once a traffic stop is made, the detention must be temporary and last no longer than is necessary to effectuate the purpose of the stop." (See, State v. Lafond, 68 P.3d 1043 (2003)) Moreover, the scope of the search must be "strictly tied to and justified by the circumstances which rendered its initiation permissible." Investigative detentions that detain the driver past a license and registration check must be supported by reasonable suspicion of more serious criminal activity.
The methods employed during the stop must be tailored to serve the purpose of confirming or alleviating the officer's suspicions. The nature of the questioning and level of force employed during the detention must be similarly limited.
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHSTSA) sponsored research leading to the development of a Driving While Impaired Detection Guide. The Guide describes a set of behaviors that are used by peace officers to justify detaining a suspect after a lawful stop.
Most importantly to the accused is that even if the peace officer was justified in the initial stop, if the detention exceeds the scope authorized by its justification, i.e., "reasonable suspicion of criminal activity," it will be deemed an illegal stop, and any incriminating evidence found thereafter will not be admissible in court.
Did the Police have probable cause to arrest me?
In Utah , when determining whether there is probable cause to arrest, an officer will consider the following: Initial observations of vehicle in operation; observations of the stopping sequence; Face-to-Face observation and interview of driver; Observations of the exit and walk; Results of the psychophysical (field) sobriety testing; and Result of the preliminary breath test.
What are the Field Sobriety Tests (FSTs)?
Field sobriety tests (FSTs) are a battery of tests administered by peace officers to determine impairment. The tests are; Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus, Walk and Turn, and One-Leg Stand, administered and evaluated in a standardized manner to obtain validated indicators of impairment based on National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) research.
Horizontal gaze nystagmus (HGN), refers to an involuntary jerking of the eyes that occurs as the eyes gaze toward the side. In addition to being involuntary the person experiencing the nystagmus is unaware that the jerking is happening.
Involuntary jerking of the eyes becomes readily noticeable when a person is impaired. As a person's blood alcohol concentration increases, the eyes will begin to jerk sooner as they move to the side.
When administering the HGN test the peace officer is looking for three clues. The clues are: lack of smooth pursuit; distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation; and onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees.
Lack of smooth pursuit is when the eyes can be observed to jerk or bounce as they follow a smoothly moving stimulus, such as a pencil or penlight. The eyes of an unimpaired person will follow smoothly, i.e., a marble rolling across a smooth pane of glass, or windshield wipers moving across a wet windshield.
Distinct and sustained nystagmus at maximum deviation will be evident when the eye is held at maximum deviation for a minimum of four seconds. People exhibit slight jerking of the eye at maximum deviation, even when unimpaired, but this will not be evident or sustained for more than a few seconds. When impaired by alcohol, the jerking will be larger, more pronounced, sustained for more that four seconds, and easily observable.
Onset of nystagmus prior to 45 degrees is the point at which the eye is first seen jerking. If the jerking begins prior to 45 degrees it is evident that the person has a BAC above .08, as shown by research. Note, the higher the degree of impairment, the sooner the nystagmus will be observable.
The peace officer should be looking for three clues of nystagmus in each eye. Based on research, if the peace officer observes four or more clues it is likely that the suspect's breath/blood alcohol level is above .10. Using this criteria the peace officer will be able to classify about 77% of DUI suspects correctly.
Walk-and-Turn is a test that has been validated through research sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). It is a divided attention test consisting of two stages: instructions stage; and walking stage.
In the instruction stage, the suspect must stand with their feet in a heel-to-toe position, keeping their arms at their sides, and listening to the peace officer's instructions. The instructions stage divides the suspect's attention between a balancing task (standing while maintaining the heel-to-toe position) and an information processing task (listening to and remembering instructions).
In the walking stage the suspect takes nine heel-to-toe steps, turns in a prescribed manner, and take nine heel-to-toe steps back, while counting the steps out loud, while watching their feet. During the turn, the suspect keeps their front foot on the line, while turning in a prescribed manner, and using their other foot to take several small steps to complete the turn. The walking stage divides the suspect's attention among a balancing task (walking heel-to-toe and turning); a small muscle control task (counting out loud); and a short-term memory task (recalling the number of steps and the turning instructions).
Two tasks are required at the beginning of this test. The suspect must balance heel-to-toe on the line, and at the same time, listen carefully to the instructions. Typically, the suspect who is impaired can do only one of these things. The suspect may listen to the instructions, but not keep their balance. The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect does not maintain the heel-to-toe position throughout the instructions.
An impaired suspect may keep their balance, but not listen to the instructions. Since the peace officer specifically instructed the suspect not to start walking, "until I tell you to begin," the peace officer will record this clue if the suspect does not wait until told to begin the test.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect stops walking for several seconds.
The suspect does not touch heel-to-toe.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect steps so that one foot is entirely off the line.
The suspect uses their arms to balance.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect raises one or both arms more than 6 inches from their sides.
The suspect does an improper turn.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect removes the front foot from the line while turning. The peace officer will also record this clue if the suspect spins or pivots.
The suspect does the incorrect number of steps.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect takes more or less than the required nine steps in either direction.
Based on research, if the peace officer observes two or more clues it is likely that the suspect's breath/blood alcohol level is above .10. Using this criteria, the officer will be able to accurately classify 68% of the suspects.
The One-Leg Stand is a test that has been validated through research sponsored by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). It is a divided attention test consisting of two stages: instructions stage; and walking stage.
In the balance and counting stage, the suspect must raise one leg, either leg, with their foot approximately six inches off the ground and their foot parallel to the ground. While the suspect looks at their elevated foot, thy count out loud until told to stop by the peace officer. This divides the suspect's attention between balancing (standing on one foot) and small muscle control (counting out loud).
The suspect sways while balancing.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect sways either side-to-side or back-and-forth while maintaining the one-leg stand position.
The suspect uses their arms for balance.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect moves their arms six or more inches from the side of their body while maintaining the one-leg stand position.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect hops to maintain balance during the one-leg stand position.
The suspect puts foot down.
The peace officer will record this clue if the suspect puts their foot down one or more times during the 30 second count.
Based on research, if the peace officer observes two or more clues it is likely that the suspect's breath/blood alcohol level is above .10. Using this criteria, the officer will be able to accurately classify 65% of the suspects.


text:
/*
	$Id: ObservableHashSet.cs 331 2014-01-14 16:05:48Z catwalkagogo@gmail.com $
*/
using System;
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.ObjectModel;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Collections.Specialized;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Text;
using System.Runtime.Serialization;
using System.Linq;

namespace CW.Collections {
	public class ObservableHashSet<T> : ISet<T>, IObservableCollection<T>{
		private readonly HashSet<T> _Items;

		public ObservableHashSet(){
			this._Items = new HashSet<T>();
		}
		public ObservableHashSet(IEnumerable<T> list){
			this._Items = new HashSet<T>(list);
		}
		public ObservableHashSet(IEqualityComparer<T> comparer) {
			this._Items = new HashSet<T>(comparer);
		}
		public ObservableHashSet(IEnumerable<T> list, IEqualityComparer<T> comparer) {
			this._Items = new HashSet<T>(list, comparer);
		}

		#region Reentrancy

		private SimpleMonitor monitor = new SimpleMonitor();

		protected IDisposable BlockReentrancy(){
			this.monitor.Enter();
			return this.monitor;
		}

		protected void CheckReentrancy(){
			if((this.monitor.IsBusy && (this.CollectionChanged != null)) && (this.CollectionChanged.GetInvocationList().Length > 1)){
				throw new InvalidOperationException();
			}
		}

		#endregion

		#region ISet<T> Members

		public bool Add(T item){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			if(this._Items.Add(item)){
				this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add, item));
				this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
				this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
				return true;
			}else{
				return false;
			}
		}

		public void ExceptWith(IEnumerable<T> other){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			this._Items.ExceptWith(other);
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
			this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
		}

		public void IntersectWith(IEnumerable<T> other){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			this._Items.IntersectWith(other);
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
			this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
		}

		public bool IsProperSubsetOf(IEnumerable<T> other){
			return this._Items.IsProperSubsetOf(other);
		}

		public bool IsProperSupersetOf(IEnumerable<T> other){
			return this._Items.IsProperSupersetOf(other);
		}

		public bool IsSubsetOf(IEnumerable<T> other){
			return this._Items.IsSubsetOf(other);
		}

		public bool IsSupersetOf(IEnumerable<T> other){
			return this._Items.IsSupersetOf(other);
		}

		public bool Overlaps(IEnumerable<T> other){
			return this._Items.Overlaps(other);
		}

		public bool SetEquals(IEnumerable<T> other){
			return this._Items.SetEquals(other);
		}

		public void SymmetricExceptWith(IEnumerable<T> other){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			this._Items.SymmetricExceptWith(other);
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
			this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
		}

		public void UnionWith(IEnumerable<T> other){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			this._Items.UnionWith(other);
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
			this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Reset));
		}

		#endregion

		#region ICollection<T> Members

		void ICollection<T>.Add(T item){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			this._Items.Add(item);
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
			this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Add, item));
		}

		public void Clear(){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			var items = this._Items.ToArray();
			this._Items.Clear();
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
			this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
			this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove, items));
		}

		public bool Contains(T item){
			return this._Items.Contains(item);
		}

		public void CopyTo(T[] array, int arrayIndex){
			this._Items.CopyTo(array, arrayIndex);
		}

		public int Count{
			get{
				return this._Items.Count;
			}
		}

		public bool IsReadOnly{
			get{
				return false;
			}
		}

		public bool Remove(T item){
			this.CheckReentrancy();
			if(this._Items.Remove(item)){
				this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Item[]"));
				this.OnPropertyChanged(new PropertyChangedEventArgs("Count"));
				this.OnCollectionChanged(new NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs(NotifyCollectionChangedAction.Remove, item));
				return true;
			}else{
				return false;
			}
		}

		#endregion

		#region IEnumerable<T> Members

		public IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator(){
			return this._Items.GetEnumerator();
		}

		#endregion

		#region IEnumerable Members

		IEnumerator IEnumerable.GetEnumerator(){
			return ((IEnumerable)this._Items).GetEnumerator();
		}

		#endregion

		#region INotifyCollectionChanged Members

		public event NotifyCollectionChangedEventHandler CollectionChanged;

		protected virtual void OnCollectionChanged(NotifyCollectionChangedEventArgs e){
			var eh = this.CollectionChanged;
			if(eh != null){
				using(this.BlockReentrancy()){
					eh(this, e);
				}
			}
		}

		#endregion

		#region INotifyPropertyChanged Members

		public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

		protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged(PropertyChangedEventArgs e){
			var eh = this.PropertyChanged;
			if(eh != null){
				using(this.BlockReentrancy()){
					eh(this, e);
				}
			}
		}

		#endregion

		#region ICollection Members

		public void CopyTo(Array array, int index) {
			this.ToArray().CopyTo(array, index);
		}

		public bool IsSynchronized {
			get {
				return false;
			}
		}

		public object SyncRoot {
			get {
				return null;
			}
		}

		#endregion
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home National Nigerian doctor in the UK is struck off from medical register for...
Nigerian doctor in the UK is struck off from medical register for having 'sexual relations' with two patients he traced through hospital records
A Nigerian accident and emergency doctor in the UK who used hospital records to trace two female patients, and had sexual relations with them, has been struck off the UK medical register.
A Medical Practitioners Tribunal was told that Dr.Christopher Uzodike, who worked at the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital collected the phone numbers of two patients from the hospital records after they had visited the A&E department in 2016.
The Tribunal also heard that Dr. Uzodike had sexual relations with the women.
In a report, the Medical Practitioners Tribunal found many of the allegations made against Dr. Uzodike were proved and concluded his actions were "sexually motivated" and "planned, repeated and sustained".
A report of the tribunal said: "The tribunal has found proved that Dr Uzodike had sexual intercourse with both Patient A and Patient B therefore it determined that his actions in taking their numbers from the medical records was sexually motivated."
Dr. Uzodike reportedly met patient A when she attended A&E in June 2016 and contacted her via WhatsApp later that evening. The tribunal found he engaged in an 'emotional and sexual relationship with patient A until April 2018.'
In September 2016, patient B attended A&E and he sent her a text message, telling her he could not let her "curves walk past." He later met her for a drink and had sex with her.
The panel noted he was of previous good character and had attended a 'maintaining professional boundaries course'. But Ms. Kathryn Johnson, counsel for the General Medical Council, said she felt there remained a risk of repetition
In a statement to the tribunal dated July 6, 2020, Dr Uzodike said: "Life is all about choices and regrettably, these were the bad choices that I made. I feel ashamed of my behaviour and how I let this happen.
"I have let so many people down, I let the patients down, I lost the confidence of the public in the profession, I let my hardworking colleagues down.
"I deeply regret what I did, and I am extremely remorseful. I cannot turn the hand of time, but I have taken steps and will continue to do so to make sure that the risk of a future occurrence is eliminated."
His counsel, Lee Gledhill said the erasure would be 'inappropriate and have a disproportionate impact on the doctor and his family financially'.
But the panel ruled: 'A lesser sanction than erasure would not sufficiently protect the public, maintain public confidence in the profession and uphold proper professional standards for members of the profession.
'The Tribunal took the view that both patients' motives were similar in that they both wanted to make sure that Dr Uzodike was prevented from acting in the future in the same way that had been alleged.
'The Tribunal also took into account Patient B's evidence about her now working in the NHS and the importance of protecting patients.'
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