text:
1985 Jan 5 Sa
Archive (Reagan Library)
Cold War: Reagan letter to Thatcher (& others) (resuming Geneva arms talks) [declassified 2000]
Declassified documents
Document kind:
Reagan Library: Executive Secretariat NSC Head of State File
Journalist:
Editorial comments:
Despatched 0531 GMT 5 Jan 1985; declassified 30 Jun 2000.
Importance ranking:
Defence (general), Defence (arms control), Foreign policy (USA), Foreign policy (Western Europe - non-EU)
Declassified S98-001#151
By SMF, NARA, Date 6/30/00
[Annotated by the President:]
"RR 1/7/85"
1. Secret entire text.
2. Embassies should deliver letter from President to Allied leaders (below) as early as possible January 5. US NATO should give copy to Carrington. There will be no signed original. For salutation and signature lines, use names reflected in most recent correspondence with respective heads of state/government. [end p1]
3. Begin text.
Dear-------:
As we approach the completion of our preparations for Secretary Shultz's Geneva meeting with Soviet Foreign Minister Gromyko, I want to express my appreciation for the wise counsel and warm support we have received from Allied Governments. I know you share my hope that this meeting will open the way to renewed nuclear arms control negotiations between the United States and the Soviet Union and establish a productive basis for progress in these talks.
- During the next ten years, the US objective is a radical reduction in the power of existing and planned offensive nuclear arms, as well as the stabilization of the relationship between offensive and defensive nuclear arms, whether in earth or in space. We are even now looking forward to a period of transition to a more stable world with greatly reduced levels of nuclear arms and an enhanced ability to deter war based upon the increasing contribution of non-nuclear defenses against offensive nuclear arms. This period of transition could lead to the eventual elimination of all nuclear arms, both offensive and defensive. A world free of nuclear arms, is an ultimate objective to which we, the Soviet Union, and all other nations can agree.
- We have, as you know, been giving close consideration in recent weeks to the approach we should adopt in Geneva, and I want to share with you the tentative conclusions we have now reached.
- We feel that our foremost objective should be the early resumption of negotiations on offensive nuclear [end p2] arms reductions. Soviet spokesmen, for their part, have identified anti-satellite weapons, the Strategic Defense Initiative and the general area of space as matters of high concern to the Soviet Union, and we are accordingly prepared to address these issues as well.
- One question which will need to be dealt with in Geneva is that of the negotiating fora to be established. The United States, supported by its allies, has reiterated throughout the past year our readiness and desire to resume the START and INF negotiations which were interrupted by the Soviet Union in 1983. We continue to believe that these two fora represent a straightforward and effective means of organising our negotiating efforts on offensive nuclear arms reductions. We are also ready, however, to examine other possibilities which would permit both offensive and defensive systems to be addressed, including those raised by the Soviet Union. I intend to instruct Secretary Shultz to seek to work out with Foreign Minister Gromyko mutually agreeable arrangements which will permit the convening of early follow-on negotiations.
- The forthcoming meeting in Geneva is not likely to provide time for detailed exchanges regarding the two sides' approaches to nuclear arms control. I do believe, however, that some general exchange on substance can be helpful.
- For our part, I plan to authorize Secretary Shultz who will be joined by Paul Nitze and Bud McFarlane, to indicate that the US is prepared to begin negotiations on the full range of nuclear arms, both offensive and defensive, and to address Soviet concerns on space-related issues as they apply in the context of [end p3] negotiations on offensive nuclear forces and defensive nuclear forces.
- With respect to negotiations on offensive strategic nuclear arms, the United States will be prepared to explore trade-offs that would address asymmetries in the two sides' force structures, provided the Soviets are prepared to approach the problem in an equally constructive manner. He would note that US negotiators will have extensive flexibility as to the structure and content of the trade-offs.
- Secretary Shultz will stress the high priority we attach to achieving equitable and verifiable limitations on intermediate-range nuclear forces. He will remind Gromyko of the position which the United States, based upon Alliance consultations, put forward to the Soviets in September 1983, and indicate that the United States will be prepared, in negotiations, to explore how the development of the various elements of this position could provide the basis for overcoming existing differences in the two sides' approaches. (For NATO countries: we will continue to consult closely with you as our exchanges with the Soviets on this point progress.) At the same time, we will, of course, reject any proposals for a moratorium on INF deployments as a precondition of negotiations, reject the inclusion of third-country systems, and reaffirm that the NATO deployment program decided upon in 1979 can be altered only as a result of a concrete arms control agreement.
- Secretary Shultz will also be prepared to address in a constructive manner the other areas of apparent Soviet concern. He would thus be authorized to agree to negotiations that address space-related issues as elements of the broad range of offensive and defensive [end p4] arms. With respect to anti-satellite systems, he will make clear that, in follow-on negotiations, the United States will be ready to consider areas of mutual restraint. Secretary Shultz will also indicate our willingness – indeed, our desire – to discuss the relationship between present and future defensive and offensive capabilities of both sides.
As you know, the Soviet Union has sought with increasing intensity over recent weeks to identify the US program of research on strategic defenses as an obstacle to progress in arms control. In Geneva Secretary Shultz will respond to any such approach by noting that it is the Soviet Union that has undermined the assumptions on which the ABM Treaty is based. He will reaffirm that the US Strategic Defense Initiative is a research program that is permitted and being carried out in full conformity with the ABM Treaty, and note that any decisions as to testing or deployment of systems not permitted by the Treaty would be a matter for negotiation. He will also point out the activities of the Soviet Union that we believe are not consistent with the Treaty.
- Noting that the Soviet program of research on new forms of ballistic missile defenses parallels and, in some areas, surpasses our own, Secretary Shultz will note the impracticality of seeking to limit research activity, but he will also stress the desirability of initiating a dialogue regarding the longer-term implications of new defensive technologies for arms control and deterrence.
- In my view, new forms of defense against the threat of ballistic missile attack may, in the long run, offer a means of enhancing deterrence and reducing the importance of [end p5] nuclear ballistic missiles in the overall strategic relationship. We also recognize, however, that such a development, if it proves technically feasible, should be addressed cooperatively. Thus, even while US and Soviet scientists look into the technical possibilities for the future, I am prepared to begin discussion with the Soviet Union now on the strategic and arms control implications of these new technologies. I would note that the long-term goal of the eventual elimination of all nuclear weapons has been embraced by both sides.
- If the Soviet Union comes to Geneva genuinely desirous of opening a new and more productive phase in US-Soviet arms control efforts, I believe that the two sides should be able to reach early agreement on the subject and objectives for new talks, and on the appropriate negotiating fora. We must anticipate, however, that the Soviets may continue to pursue their multi-tiered strategy of diplomacy, propaganda and intimidation designed to secure Western concessions and restraint without comparable limitations on their own forces. We have successfully resisted these Soviet efforts in the past, and I am confident that we can do so in the future.
- At this stage, I believe we must avoid establishing artificial deadlines for progress, and must resist excessive expectations. For our part, we will be prepared to devote as much time and effort as is necessary to launch this next stage of US-Soviet arms control negotiations. With goodwill, patience, and your continuing support, I am optimistic that we can succeed.
- In order to assure the best prospects for success in Secretary Shultz's forthcoming discussions, I ask that [end p6] you hold all the above in utmost confidence. We will, of course, brief you as early as possible on the results of the Geneva talks (add for NATO allies: (Senior members of the Secretary Shultz's party to Geneva will brief the North Atlantic Council in Brussels on January 9)). I look forward to receiving your continued counsel on these issues.
Ronald Reagan (or Ron or Ronald, as appropriate)
Shultz


Imagine taking a seat at your favorite brunch spot where the featured dish is a Manchurian scorpion frittata with lobster, onions and asparagus or starting off your dinner with a mealworm popover and tapenade appetizer. If one Brooklyn-based chef has his way, these insect dishes will be filling mainstream restaurant menus sooner than you think.
Have you ever been asked if you know the flavor of a vespula flaviceps tastes like? If the answer is no, you probably haven't yet been introduced to Joseph Yoon, the Executive Director of Brooklyn Bugs and chef at Yummy Eats and Dinner Echo.
In May 2017, Yoon was approached by artist Miru Kim who was working on a photo-based project titled Phobia/Phagia in which she conquers her fear of bugs by physically desensitizing herself to them and eventually consuming them. She enlisted Yoon, who had zero knowledge of how to cook with bugs at the time, to cook her insects.
So how do we address this problem of food scarcity? Change the common perception that insects are "famine foods" only eaten out of desperation.
Four months after helping Kim, and with the help of newly acquired sponsors who showed great interest in edible insects, he put together the inaugural Brooklyn Bugs Festival on Labor Day 2017.
There wasn't a great direction as to what Brooklyn Bugs would be outside of being a vehicle to raise awareness and appreciation for edible insects in New York City. What I realized at that festival was that people and the media were willing to accept a difference and pay attention to our point of view instead of sensationalizing edible insects.
A spread of edible bugs.
While the local media sensationalized a little bit to capture their audience, admits Yoon, they didn't make it like Fear Factor. Once you understand why the UN endorses edible insects as a way to address food scarcity, the sustainability aspect and its nutrition factor, people begin to grasp why this is a significant movement.
People perk up because it hits really important issues for our world and for how we're going to interact and engage as humans with the world around us. With the current state of politics and the denial of climate change, there's a greater interest from people who care about these issues and so we've had great success so far.
Yoon's lightbulb moment—outside of when he learned about the sustainability aspect of edible insects—was when during the first Brooklyn Bugs Festival when he was contacted by the New York Times, who wanted to do a live video.
For me as a private chef for seven years at the time, the New York Times never cared about what kind of lobster I was cooking or if I put caviar or truffle on it. The fact that they showed interest in this, along with major outlets like NPR, and the overall level of interest in this movement was and has been extremely rewarding.
To be able to be a part of something that disrupts the system and challenges Americans to redefine their relationship with food is fascinating and it hits a lot of interesting points for me.
If even 10 percent of Americans were to eat edible insects once a week, like "meatless Mondays," that would have a tremendous impact on the environment and sustainability says Yoon.
The danger that exists for this movement of edible insects is that a lot of times people think if you advocate eating bugs, that you have to give up everything else and just eat insects which is simply crazy.
Think about how often you eat your favorite protein, maybe you eat it once a month, right? What Yoon is trying to do is have edible insects enter into the mainstream so that it is considered a normal food source.
I'm trying to demonstrate the versatility of how we can apply a new food ingredient, something that is sustainable, something that can be delicious and something that can be farmed and harvested for human consumption. These are not the pests in your house or the bugs in your backyard. People have these wild notions about what eating insects mean and what we're doing is trying to define what that actually is.
Why is it important that bugs become a part of our diet?
Meat has an enormous water footprint. For example, did you know that nearly 2000 gallons of water is needed to produce just a pound of beef? In comparison, it takes just one gallon to produce the same amount of cricket protein.
More and more scientific research is being done on edible insects which will help Americans normalize it, to realize that 'oh it is healthy, it is sustainable and it is something we can bake into food and add into smoothies.' You don't have to see bugs on your food.
Health: insects are healthy, nutritious and rich in protein, good fats and vitamins.
Environment: edible insects emit much fewer greenhouses gases and ammonia emissions than livestock; doesn't require land clearing to expand production; and insects are efficient at converting feed into protein.
Livelihoods (economic and social factors): even "the poorest sections of society" can enter insect harvesting thanks to being a low-tech, low-capital investment.
What needs to happen in America to change the way we perceive bugs?
Our mission is to engage people that include scientists, children, entomologists, bug enthusiasts and artists because this engagement allows people to start talking about consuming bugs and normalizing it. Because if people see it once, whether on television or Instagram, the next time they see it won't be their first time. It brings people closer in familiarity and allows people to start the acceptance process.
Black ants and scorpions with lobster.
To permeate culture and engage everyone—not just scientists and bug lovers—but the entire community to get behind the movement, to really demonstrate that this isn't a food trend but a movement that's necessary for citizens around the world.
Brooklyn Bugs has been featured on Smithsonian Channel's new series, Bug Bites, now streaming on SmithsonianChannel.com, which features chefs cooking delicious insect-centric dishes and has also been spotlighted on Live with Kelly and Ryan, and Fox 5's Good Day NY. Brooklyn Bugs has also been featured in countless articles that can be found in outlets from the New York Times, NPR, Gizmodo and more.
Getting more chefs involved is a huge part of my mission, so notable chefs can start sharing pictures with their audience who can, in turn, see that they're applying edible insects as food.
Most people never consider eating bugs outside of a Fear Factor situation.
When Yoon presents cooking with bugs to award-winning chefs, the response is generally very positive. Chefs have an innate desire to create, innovate and do things that are new, he explains.
We're driven by our sense of creativity. When I approach them about edible insects, it appeals immediately to their sense of curiosity. Once I explain the importance of edible insects and that they're over 1900 types of edible insects with different flavor profiles, it's like 'wow!'.
Yoon with The Bug Chef, David George Gordon at the Bug Fair in 2018 at the Natural History Museum of LA.
An important key to spreading the practice of eating and cooking with insects?
"Extrapolating all of this information and putting it into a form for other people to better understand insects and put it in to practice." People need to know how exactly a wasp, mealworm, beetle, ant or caterpillar tastes like, otherwise, how can you properly cook with them?
Yoon has recently teamed up San Diego State University and a panel of professional tasters, aka top chefs, to produce a flavor bible which will help anyone interested in cooking with insects understand how to best utilize their flavors. From blue cheese to metallic flavors and everything in between, it's primed to revolutionize the bug eating world as we know it.
Depending on their terroir, what they eat and where they're from, each insect will have a different taste and flavor profile. Yoon is quick to point out that different parts of the bug have different tastes as well. Indeed, the middle of an insect will taste different than the head or bottom due to the gastrointestinal tract, where the flavor concentrates.
How to ease your way into eating insects and get over the gross factor?
Bake it into a product, says Yoon who first began cooking with insects by baking cricket gougère, a type of cheesy French puff pastry.
If you're hoping to try out some gourmet insect dishes and explore the world of edible insects, the second annual Brooklyn Bugs Festival is happening Nov. 14-16. From a BugsGiving Banquet Dinner that pays homage to Native Americans and America's culinary melting pot to ento-cooking demonstrations to after-school children's programming and cocktail parties, there is a bounty of insect cuisine to feast on! Get your tickets here.


Bought brand new 85watt adaptor for MBP - except it wasn't!
Discussion in 'MacBook Pro' started by czerney, Mar 14, 2009.
Well my power adaptor went pop last night, followed by distinct smell of smoke.
So I purchased retail 85watt magsafe adaptor brand new in box still in shrink wrapped.
Open the box.... and it's USEd. The cable was filthy dirty, the square transformer think scratched and chipped to buggery.
I returned it to the store who re-imbused me and were suitable shocked and will be taking it up with Apple.
Anyone else experienced this? Looks like someone responsible for shipping Apple product pulled a swifty!!
nope, never. had a cord of my adapter frayed, but they gave me a brand new one. even unpacked it for me when I asked for it, cause I was going to my next client that day and just popped in the store real quick.
Actually that happened to me, a week and a half ago.
I went to the Apple Store in San Antonio, Tx and exchange a faulty Macbook pro for a brand new Macbook Pro.
Everything was great, Brand new box, a very brand new machine build date 2009 week 09.
Everything was completly new, except for the power extension cord. It was dirty and smelled like fish . The Magsafe power adapter was completly brand new just the power cord was used.
The Macbook was spotless, perfect, Not a single dead pixel, no more fan noise, no more heating, no more black screen while playing games. No more screen touching the keayboard when closed (i think they fixed this problem in 2009 models, cuz last macbook pro november 2008, it was a serious headache to me this issue) and maybe this is "mental" but the hinges seems tighter to me than before.
So what i did was i cleaned my self the power cord, and thats it.
I was afraid that if i exchanged the computer, maybe the new one wont be perfect as this one. So i moved on.
I dont know how this could happened! i mean there has to be some kind of inspection before they release any product to the public, i mean the guy who did this to me (the used power cord) what the hell was he thinking? "Ohhh!!! a brand new computer, in a brand new box, everything smells like new...ahhhh what the hell... lets throw a used cable in here and lets hope the costumer wouldnt realize that!!!! after all its only 2800 bucks!!!
I'm sure you can exchange just the power supply.
Well apple are replacing the power adaptor - shipping one out. Hopefully will be quick!
how did you ask them you get you a new one?
The replacement is covered under AppleCare thankfully.


text:
Phone: 01243 888 691 Email: info@dementia-support.org.uk
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You are here: Home / News / News / Glitz and Glamour at Studio 54 – disco-ing for dementia
Glitz and Glamour at Studio 54 – disco-ing for dementia
27th July 2017 /in News /by Nicki Clarke
Therese McCall has been personally affected by dementia following the diagnosis and consequent death of her mother, and she feels strongly about providing better dementia care.
Together with a group of friends, Therese decided to organise a fundraising evening for local charity – Dementia Support.
Therese heard about this young charity's vision to provide complete dementia services under one roof and was inspired to support them achieve their goal.
The Dementia Support Hub will provide services such as Memory Assessment, Community Café and Garden, early onset dementia services, information and advice, and therapeutic and social activities for the West Sussex community.
Therese spoke about her plans to fundraise and how the group of friends came up with the idea of replicating the famous 1970s New York nightclub – Studio 54.
"I got together a few of my local friends all who had been affected by dementia in one way or another. Mariella Fleming, who runs Southend Barns, offered to help coordinate the event. Obviously with her experience and organisational skills, we knew we would be able to put on a great occasion. Philippa Gogarty who is the founder and co-owner of Microscooter offered her help as did Caroline Andrews, Patricia Garratt who runs her own successful property business and Sandra McKirgan all who have accountancy backgrounds.
In my past life I have worked as the events organiser for The Prince's Trust and Comic Relief, so between us all we knew how to put on a good fundraiser."
"We came up with the idea of doing a nightclub themed event and in our planning came across the iconic notorious seventies New York nightclub – Studio 54. This was the one where Bianca Jagger rode in on a white horse one evening! We didn't think we could get away with a horse but we managed to source over 30 glitter balls and one huge Glitter ball that was over 1 metre diameter and so heavy it took 4 men to lift it.
Jeremy Pardey, the CEO of Butlins in Bognor Regis was incredibly generous offering us the conference centre at Butlins free of charge for our venue, as well as many other components of the event.
The place was transformed with glitter balls, light-up dance floor, and 1970s memorabilia into a replica Studio 54 Nightclub. Other local businesses helped tremendously. Phil Haddow of Haddow Electrical provided all the electrics and sound system free of charge which allowed us to maximise our profits from our ticket prices in aid of Dementia Support. We managed to source some fantastic auction prizes from both local and more national sources, and ran the auction online and on the night to help raise more funds for the charity."
"The evening was a huge success; everyone had a brilliant time partying and dancing to the great sounds of Brutus Gold, a famous Manchester act who had literally everyone on the dance floor. Thank you to everyone who was involved and attended. We all had such a fun time organising it, we are already planning to do another one!
Over all the evening made a whopping great £23,000 profit all of which will go directly to helping create the Dementia Support Hub which is fantastic."
Therese gave an insight into what it was like to be affected by dementia when her mother was diagnosed with the disease:
"I spent the past 8 years watching my mum slowly disintegrate and disappear in front of me as she was overtaken by this terrible disease that is Dementia. Bit by bit her character and personality disappeared. She became totally unable to look after herself. It was terrible to witness. When mum was deteriorating I found there was very little coordinated help out there and I felt adrift and very lonely.
When mum finally passed away after her long battle I really wanted to do something to help others who were in the same situation as me to find some help and support. That's when I heard about Dementia Support and their plans for the new Hub. And that's when the idea of putting together a fun fundraising evening, where we could get everyone together, raise awareness and raise money."
Dementia Support is extremely grateful to Therese and her friends for their fundraising, and is delighted to announce that Therese is now a member of the Fundraising Advisory Board.
https://i1.wp.com/www.dementia-support.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/IMG_2711.jpg?fit=2048%2C1365&ssl=1 1365 2048 Nicki Clarke https://www.dementia-support.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/Dementia-Support-Logo.png Nicki Clarke2017-07-27 16:33:592017-07-27 16:41:00Glitz and Glamour at Studio 54 – disco-ing for dementia
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Rotary Club of Chichester Priory raise £6,469 Mediterranean Marathon for Dementia Support

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This includes not only the internal network within the partner company, but also the new contacts made along the entire value chain in the industry such as subcontractors or clients among others.
A large, multi-faceted network is created during the management courses. MDP participants establish valuable contacts with professors and managers from science and industry and their large networks built up over the course of years.
As a result, every MDP participant ends the two-year program and enters their first professional year with an unusually large network which is particularly advantageous for one's career in the current global business world.


Andy Cohen looks like he was born to be a parent as he seems to have the complex world of baby swaddling conquered. Plus he has the baby football hold down pat.
The Bravo producer also remains sharp and funny on his show Watch What Happens Live. He shares plenty of sweet videos snuggling with his newborn son, Benjamin too.
Most recently, Cohen managed another task most parents face early on: the multi-task walk. Just about every parent knows an outing with baby means more than just you and your child. You'll be juggling a number of items. Not to mention the family dog. Cohen insists he's still figuring it out, but he looks like a pro.
New parents are often shocked to learn their carefree days of just bolting out the door are vaporized. Babies like to travel with their own version of an Erika Jayne glam squad. This includes a diaper bag stocked with backup diapers, wipes, bottles, and whatever else they need to travel.
Also, a good stroller is a must. Cohen remarked in a recent Instagram video that he's digging his new stroller ride. "This carriage glides man!" he exclaimed. "It's a glider!" A stroller that can turn a corner on a dime is essential when navigating busy streets. Plus a carriage that provides room for bags and other items will reduce the amount exhausted parents have to carry.
But don't be fooled by the compartments and gadgets aimed at making your life easier. You'll still be juggling and multi-tasking your way down the street.
But he seems to be doing extremely well multi-tasking on a recent walk. He managed to post to his Instagram story, while at the same time walking his dog Wacha and pushing the baby stroller. Not easy.
"Assuming at some point I'm going to master the carriage and him [pointing the camera at Wacha], but right now, it ain't that easy," Cohen said. If this is his first shot at trying to do all three at once, he's farther ahead than the rest of us.
Other new parents know how hard it is when first introduced to having to constantly multi-task their new life with baby. Sometimes it isn't bags and dogs you are juggling. But instead trying to quell an tantrum while at the same time trying to get the baby to nap.
If the stroller doesn't work, you can always do what Cohen has done before too. He shot a photo recently going "hands-free" using a snuggling body baby carrier. Plus he was walking Wacha. "I'm officially That Guy," he hilariously wrote.


The deadline stipulated in Article 19 of Law No. 14 of 1964 with respect to the Real Estate Registration System shall be extended for two years from the effective date of this Law.
The real estate for which no-one has submitted a registration application within this period shall be deemed vacant and not owned by any person. The ownership of the same shall devolve to the State and it shall be registered in the private state property register.
The owners of such properties may request the transfer of ownership of the same to them, if they establish their right therein and present justified excuses for not applying for registration within the period referred to.
The application shall be submitted to the Real Estate Registration Committee established by Cabinet Resolution No. 1 of 1976 referred to. Its resolution for dismissal thereof may be challenged before the Civil Court within fifteen days from the date of the announcement to the person concerned.


After a failed helicopter rescue mission during a 1980 hostage crisis in Iran, US government had to come up with another way of airlifting injured people along with a handful of Delta Force. The only problem was safely landing something large enough to carry 52 people, inside of a soccer stadium and then airlifting everyone to a nearby air carrier.
After a failed operation codenamed "Operation Eagle Claw" initiated by Jimmy Carter that resulted in 8 killed, 4 wounded, 1 helicopter and 1 transport aircraft destroyed, as well as 5 helicopters abandoned/captured, US government had to come up with a new top secret operation to rescue 52 American hostages that were held captive at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran.
Back in 1980, US military didn't have anything effective enough to be able to carry a large payload and have a short take-off/landing capabilities, so they have decided to retrofit 3 of the C-130s with rocket engines that would cut down the 1,400 ft (427 m) takeoff/landing distance to a mere 492 ft (150 m) of that of the Shahid Shiroudi Stadium.
Check out some photos and a video of these rocket launchers.
Thankfully this mission was never initiated due to Jimmy Carter re-election loss to Ronald Reagan, which put an end to this crisis. All 52 hostages were safely released after being held in captivity for 444 days.
Since then, US military has developed another aircraft that is capable of carrying large payloads and have a vertical takeoff/landing capabilities. Find out more about V-22 Osprey.
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DIY Ornaments are easy to make and personalize for kids and adults. From rustic to elegant, lots of ideas to paint and craft your own holiday ornaments!
DIY ornaments are probably my favorite kind of Christmas craft. They are a simple way to personalize your holiday decorating, and also make great gifts. I've collected a bunch of cute ideas—from rustic, farmhouse style to elegant—that are easy enough for kids to make, but fun for the adults as well!
Now, on to the Merry Monday Link Party #233!
This entry was posted in Made It Myself, Merry Monday Link Party on December 9, 2018 by Two Purple Couches.
Thank you for featuring my felt ornaments. Have a fabulous week.


I have been the REALTOR® of choice for buyers and sellers since 1979. I specialize in helping first-time homebuyers, new families, single families and more in Columbus real estate.
I am a certified REALTOR®, agent and broker for top-rated Columbus realty firm Vision Realty, Inc. I bring my clients 40 years of experience and dedicated service, 21 of which have been spent building a reputation of excellence at Vision Realty. I assist both buyers and sellers in the Columbus area, primarily serving two story single family home, townhouse, ranch, multi-level/split level, short sale, and bank owned property transactions.
My military background has prepared me to both meet—and exceed—these expectations and requirements. My service to my country is a unique preparation for my career, and attests to the level of proficiency, experience, and personal dedication I bring to my clients and profession, allowing me to handle real estate transactions with the savvy of a skilled businessman and the honor of a friend.
As a military and family man, I am no stranger to hard work, see the honor in service to my community and my neighbors, and it is this principle and work ethic that are the key personality traits on which I have built a solid reputation and practice. My dedication to my family, church and civic duties have endowed me with the ability to truly listen to the needs of my clients, bringing my clientele a peace of mind that is priceless. My practice has weathered the storms of the real estate market over the past decade and emerged strong—it is a home that he has built on a solid foundation of trust, respect, honor, integrity and experience.
I personally understand the challenges and stresses of searching for a home, brokering Columbus real estate transactions and the general upheaval of moving. My goal is to provide my clients with the type of service I would like to receive, while bringing an element of fun to a process that is generally laden with frustration.
Combining the latest in marketing information, advertising savvy, effective negotiation skills, a high-quality professional network and an in-depth knowledge of both the community and the market at large, I blend creativity and professionalism, which has earned me both a loyal client base and the respect of my peers.
Patience, persistence and integrity are the defining elements of how I handle transactions from first meeting to closing, bringing my listening skills and clear communication to every transaction to ensure a smooth, stress-free closing. I don't simply serve my clients; I am committed to meeting the needs of my new neighbors.
When choosing a REALTOR® who is knowledgeable, experienced and personally committed to reaching your goals, one need look no further than me. What's your vision?


Alex Wanted a Cracker, but Did He Want One?
IN "Oryx and Crake," Margaret Atwood's novel about humanity's final days on earth, a boy named Jimmy becomes obsessed with Alex, an African gray parrot with extraordinary cognitive and linguistic skills. Hiding out in the library, Jimmy watches historical TV documentaries in which the bird deftly distinguishes between blue triangles and yellow squares and invents a perfect new word for almond: cork-nut.
But what Jimmy finds most endearing is Alex's bad attitude. As bored with the experiments as Jimmy is with school, the parrot would abruptly squawk, "I'm going away now," then refuse to cooperate further.
Except for the part about Jimmy and the imminent apocalypse (still, fingers crossed, a few decades away), all of the above is true. Until he was found dead 10 days ago in his cage at a Brandeis University psych lab, Alex was the subject of 30 years of experiments challenging the most basic assumptions about animal intelligence.
He is survived by his trainer, Irene Pepperberg, a prominent comparative psychologist, and a scientific community divided over whether creatures other than human are more than automatons, enjoying some kind of inner life.
Skeptics have long dismissed Dr. Pepperberg's successes with Alex as a subtle form of conditioning — no deeper philosophically than teaching a pigeon to peck at a moving spot by bribing it with grain. But the radical behaviorists once said the same thing about people: that what we take for thinking, hoping, even theorizing, is all just stimulus and response.
Was Alex only parroting when he showed off for Alan Alda on "Scientific American Frontiers" (one of the PBS productions the fictional Jimmy might have seen)?
Many linguists argue that only human brains have the ability to nest ideas within ideas to form the infinitely recursive architecture of thought: When you're done eating breakfast would you look in the box at the back of the table for the yellow rubber glove with the middle finger turned inside out?
The deepest recursion is consciousness — knowing that you know and that you know that you know. In his recent book, "I Am a Strange Loop," Douglas Hofstadter proposed that the richness of a creature's mental representations be used to take the measure of its soul.
If your average person's soulfulness weighs in at 100 hunekers with a hamster down near 10, Alex hovered somewhere above the halfway mark. But there were moments when he seemed to reach for the top.
In an talk on Edge.org, Dr. Pepperberg told of an effort to teach the parrot about phonemes using colored tokens marked with letter combinations like sh and ch.
"Ssshh," Alex answered correctly, and then demanded a nut. Instead he got another question.
She is quick to concede the impossibility of proving that the bird was actually verbalizing its internal deliberations. Only Alex knew for sure.
Next to infinity, one of the hardest concepts to grasp is zero. Toward the end of his life Alex may have been coming close.
In a carnival shell game, an experimenter would put a nut under one of three cups and then shuffle them around. Alex would pick up the cup where the prize was supposed to be. If it wasn't there he'd go a little berserk — a small step, maybe, toward understanding nothingness.
Bingo. There was no group of five on the tray. It was another of those high huneker moments. Alex had learned the word "none" years before in a different context. Now he seemed to be using it more abstractly.
In a well-known essay, "What Is it Like to Be a Bat?" the philosopher Thomas Nagel speculated about the elusiveness of subjectivity. What was it like to be Alex that last night in his cage? We'll never know whether there really was a mind in there — slogging its way from the absence of a cork-nut to the absence of Alex, grasping at the zeroness of death.


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Profile of Patients of the Auditory Health of the State of Santa Catarina Served at HU-UFSC
Perfil dos Pacientes do Programa de Saúde Auditiva do Estado de Santa Catarina Atendidos no HU-UFSC
Dimatos OC, Ikino CMY, Philippi PA, Dimatos SC, Birck MS, Freitas PF, et al. Profile of Patients of the Auditory Health of the State of Santa Catarina Served at HU-UFSC. Int. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;15(1):59-66
Oscar Cardoso Dimatos1, Cláudio Márcio Yudi Ikino2, Paulo Arlindo Philippi3, Spyros Cardoso Dimatos4, Marília Susane Birck1, Paulo Fontoura Freitas5.
hearing, neurosensorial hearing loss, hearing impaired rehabilitation.
Introduction: Hearing is one of the essential functions for the development of language and its deficiency may lead to several consequences. Objective:	To describe the profile of patients of the Hearing Health Program of the State of Santa Catarina attended at the College Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Method:	We performed a retrospective study with the patients with hearing aid indication attended in the years 2007 and 2008. They were divided into 2 groups: children (< 18 years) and adult (> 18 years). We assessed the following: age, sex, loss type and degree, duration, co-morbidity and probable etiology. Results: 304 reports were reviewed, 10.2% of the children group and 80.8% of the adult group. In the children group, the mean age was of 7.7±5,4 years, with 58.06% boys and 41.94% girls, and in the adult group the mean age was of 61±16 years, with 52.38% women and 47.62% men. The neurosensorial hearing loss was found more frequently in both groups. In the children group, the severe degree loss was more frequent, and in the adult group, the moderate and moderate to severe degrees were more frequent. The main etiologies were genetic/unknown causes in the children group and presbycusis in the adults group. Conclusion:	In the children group, most was formed by boys with neurosensorial loss of light and severe degrees, duration > 1 year and without co-morbidities. In the adult group, most was formed by women with neurosensorial loss of moderate and moderate-severe degrees, duration > 5 year and with co-morbidities.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), hearing loss is the most frequent sensorial deficit in the human population that affects over 250 million people in the world (1). The Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) confirms that 3.37% of the Brazilian population (estimated by the 2000 census in 169.872.856 people) have hearing loss. Data published by IBGE 2000 describes that 0.8% (406.588) of the Brazilians aged up to 14 years suffer from hearing loss, while 2.95% (3.240.263) of Brazilians aged between 15 and 64 years old, and 21% (2.088.247) of Brazilians aged 65 ears or older have hearing loss. In the population with hearing loss and aged up to 14 years, 54.5% are men; in the group aged between 15 and 64 years, the proportion is of 54.2%; and 49.75% in the group of 65 years or older (2).
Hearing is one of the most important functions for development of language and consequently for communication. However, the impact caused by hearing loss has been taken for granted by the society, government and health professionals (3). The hearing loss leads to several consequences, such as difficulty to assimilate discourse, reduction of the capacity of communication, delaying of the language acquisition in children, social isolation, educational and economical deficit, and stigmatization (1, 3).
The hearing losses have several etiologies and may be classified as regards to type, degree and age of affection. As regards to type, they may be conductive, neurosensorial or mixed. The degree may be light, moderate, moderate-severe, severe, profound. The affection age may be prenatal, perinatal and postnatal (3, 4).
The prenatal causes act during pregnancy, affects the embryo and may have etiologies like congenital rubella, ototoxic medicines, genetic alterations, syphilis, toxoplasmosis and bacterial infections. The perinatal causes commit the newborn from the beginning of the birth until about 8 days after it and the main examples include prolonged birth, prematurity, anoxia and kernicterus. The postnatal causes are acquired along development. They may affect the external ear, such as cerumen, infections and traumatisms. The alterations of the middle ear may be: traumatisms, tubal obstruction, otitis media. When there are damages to the inner ear, the hearing loss is called neurosensorial and, amongst the main etiologies, infections, ototoxic drugs and tumors are included (4). At adult age, the importance of diagnosis of diseases such as presbycusis and noise-induced hearing loss is critical (5).
Due to the high prevalence of dysacusis and the harmful consequences it may cause, the prevention plays a crucial role for reduction of this problem (5). Additionally, the prevention of deafness is evidently less expensive than its treatment (prosthetization or cochlear implant) (6). Aiming to enhance prevention programs and diagnosis of hearing loss, this study carried out a 2-year analysis for execution of the Hearing Health Program of Santa Catarina, in order to determine the profile of the patient attended at the College Hospital of the Federal University of Santa Catarina that is a reference in the high complexity of this program, is in charge of selection and fitting of hearing aids and compare children to adults hearing aid users. Therefore, we expect to contribute for improvement of the service for this type of patient.
The design of this paper was approved by the Ethics Committee in Research with Human Beings from UFSC (design no. 336/08).
This research is formed in a transversal study. We selected at random patients forwarded for service at the Medical School of the Federal University of Santa Catarina, of the Hearing Health Program of the State of Santa Catarina, attended in the service of Otorhinolaryngology in the period from January 2007 through December 2008. The study includes patients with hearing loss and indication for hearing aid.
The patients were classified into two groups: pediatric, aged less than 18 years old, and adult, aged 18 years or older. They were evaluated according to age, sex, type of loss, degree of loss, duration according to four categories (as long as 1 year, equal or longer than 1 year and shorter than 5 years, equal or longer than 5 years and shorter than 10 years, equal or longer than 10 years), connected diseases and probable etiology. For evaluation of the type and degree of loss we collected data from both ears per patient and evaluated the tonal audiometric exams and/or encephalic trunk audition evoked potential (EAP).
In the classification of the degree of hearing loss, when the mean tonal thresholds of 500 to 3000 Hz were normal and there was hearing loss in some other frequency, we applied the tonal thresholds average of such frequencies altered for classification. For patients in whom the hearing evaluation was made only with EAP, we used the electrophysiological threshold for classification.
The audiometry was made with the equipment of models SIBELMED AC-50D, INTERACOUSTICS AC33 and AD 229e, in acoustic cabin, with the use of earplug and bone vibrator, by assessing the auditory thresholds by airway in the frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 6000 and 8000 Hz. The osseous pathway was tested in the frequencies of 500, 1000, 2000, 3000 e 4000 Hz. The encephalic trunk audition evoked potential (EAP) was carried out with equipment Smart Box Jr., with the use of click type sound stimulus.
The statistical analysis was made with the help of two softwares: Statcalc in Epiinfo 6, used for computing of prevalence ratios and significance of the associations calculated by the chi-square test at the confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05) and EpiCalc 2000, used for computing the confidence intervals
304 patients' records were analyzed: 31 (10.2%) of the children group and 273 (89.8%) of the adults group. In the pediatric group, the ages ranged from 4 months to 16 years old, with a mean age of 7.7±5.4 years old. In the adults group, the ages ranged from 19 to 93 years, with mean age of 61±16 years old. The frequency per sex was distributed as follows: in the pediatric group, 18 (58.06%) of the patients of the male sex and 13 (41.94%) patients of the female sex were observed, while in the adult group 130 (47.62%) of the patients of the male sex and 143 (52.38%) of female sex were observed.
As regards to the type of loss, in the pediatric group 46 included neurosensorial losses (74.19%, CD95%):61,26-84,10), 3 mixed (4.83%, IC95%:1.26-14.38) and 1 conductive (1.61%, IC95%: 0,08-9,83). 2 cases were observed with normal hearing (3.22%, IC95%: 0.56-12.17) and in 10 times the data was not completed (16.12%, IC95%): 8.41-28.13). In the adult group 387 included neurosensorial losses (70.87%, IC95%: 66.84-74.62), 145 mixed (26.55%, IC95%: 22.94-30.51) and 13 conductive (2.38%, IC95%: 1.33-4.14). There was 1 case of normal hearing (0.18%, IC95%: 0,01-1,18). The statistical analysis results showed there was no significant difference as regards to the prevalence of the neurosensorial and conductive losses between both groups (p=0.58 and p=0.70, respectively). The major prevalence of mixed loss in the adult group was statistically confirmed (RP=5.49; p<0.001).
The distribution of the patients as for the degree of loss is described in Figures 1 and 2. The result of the statistical analysis showed there was no significant difference as for the prevalence of light and severe degrees losses between both groups (p=0.49 and p=0.68, respectively). The major prevalence was statistically confirmed of moderate degree losses (RP=3.13; p<0.001) and moderate-severe (RP=1.84; p=0.036) in the adult group and the major prevalence of profound degree loss in the children group (RP+4.24; p<0.001).
As regards to the duration of the loss, in the pediatric group there were 3 (9.57%) cases with a duration of hearing loss shorter than 1 year, 10 (32.25%) cases with duration equal or longer than 1 year and shorter than 5 years, 4 (12.90%) cases with loss duration equal or longer than 5 years and shorter than 10 years, 7 (22.58%) occurrences of duration equal or longer than 10 years, and in 7 (22.58%) patients, it was not possible to determine the duration of loss. In the adult group, there was 1 (0.36%) case with duration of hearing loss lower than 1 year, 46 (16.84%) cases with duration equal or longer than 1 year and shorter than 5 years, 39 (14.28%) patients with hearing loss duration equal or longer than 5 year and shorter than 10 years, 126 (46.15%) occurrences with duration equal or longer than 10 years, and in 61 (22.34%) cases the duration of the loss was not determined.
As far as the associate diseases are concerned, in the pediatric group there were 8 (22.22%) cases of neurological diseases and other 6 cases of comorbidity (nephropathy, rhinitis, cardiopathy, reduction of visual accuracy, hyperactivity and leukemia) with 1 (2.77%) occurrence for each of them, and in 22 (61.11%) cases, the patients did not present with any associate diseases. In the adult group, there were 105 (30.43%) occurrences of systemic arterial hypertension, 30 (8.69%) of diabetes mellitus, 27 (7.82%) cases of cardiopathy, 12 (3.47%) neurological diseases, 8 (2.31%) psychiatric disorders, 6 (1.73%) of dislypidemia, 6 (1.73%) of hypothyroidism, 5 (1.44%) of visual disability, 3 (0.86%) of pneumonias, 3 (0.86%) of benign prostatic hyperplasia, 2 (0.57%) of dermatological diseases, 2 (0.57%) of gastrointestinal diseases, 2 (0.57%) of cancer and 4 other associate diseases (labyrinthopathy, imperfect osteogenesis imperfecta, gout and locomotion problems) with 1 (0.28%) occurrence per disease, and in 130 (37.68%) cases no comorbidity was reported.
The distribution of patients as regards to the probable etiology of hearing loss is presented in Figures 3 and 4.
Figure 1. Degree of hearing loss of the pediatric group (n=62).
* Confidence Interval of 95%.
Figure 2. Degree of hearing loss of the adult group (n=546).
In the studies by Nóbrega et al (7) for the period of 1994-2000, Dereköy (8), Kittrell e Arjmand (9) demonstrated that the children with hearing loss of the male sex prevailed on those of the female sex, respectively, at the proportion of 1.2:1, 1.54:1 and 1.27:1. In our study, in the pediatric group, the male sex prevailed on the female sex in the proportion of 1.38:1, according to the aforesaid studies.
In the study by Fortes et al. (5), the proportion of patients with hypacusis, taking into account all age ranges and the 277 patients attended (273 with hypacusis and 4 with peripheral facial paralysis), was similar, with a slight prevalence of men (1.06:1). In the study by Abdel-Hamid et al. (10), the proportion of men and women with hearing loss aged equal or older than 15 years was similar, with a slight prevalence of women (1.08:1). In our research, the proportion of women in the adult group was slightly higher than that of men (1.1:1).
through analysis of 131 reports of students attending a school for deaf students, Cecatto et al. (06) confirmed that the neurosensorial hearing loss was the most common, representing 99% of the cases. Lee et al. (11) evaluated 234 patients who procured hearing aids and out of the 468 ears analyzed 77.56% had neurosensorial hearing loss, and this type of loss is the most common for all age groups. Additionally, in our sample the neurosensorial hearing loss was the most common loss, representing 74.19% and 70.87% in the children and adults groups, respectively.
In the survey by Kittrell and Arjmand (9), who evaluated 291 hearing impaired aged between 4 and 20 years old, the hearing loss of profound degree represented 82% of the cases. In the study by Cecatto et al. (6), the loss of profound degree occurred in 65%. In our work, we proved statistically the higher prevalence of loss of profound degree in the children group.
In the study by Veras and Mattos (12), 69.6% of the elders with hearing loss had loss of light degree taking into account the best ear. Wilson et al. (13) estimated the prevalence of hearing loss in people aged 15 years or older and noted that, considering the best ear, the loss of light degree was also the most frequent. In our research, differently from the studies mentioned, the moderate and moderate-severe degrees prevailed in the adult group, probably because the patients had indication for the use of hearing aid, which means a stronger severity of the deficiency presented.
The early diagnosis of the hearing loss in children demands a detailed anamnesis (4). As well as in the protocol used in this study, issues about infections, use of ototoxic drugs, data regarding birth (prematurity, anoxia, hyperbilirubinemia), general deformities research and cases of hearing loss in the family (4) should be included in the history.
In many situations, even with a detailed investigation, the precise etiology of the hearing loss is not possible to define. In the studies by Cecatto et al. (6), Dereköy (8) and Walch et al. (14) no defined etiology was described, respectively 33 (25.2%) patients, 34 (26.1%) children and 47 (44%) children.
The high incidence of unknown etiology in the pediatric group in this research confirms the studies described and demonstrates the application of a standardized questionnaire failed to determine the etiology. The confirmation of the etiological diagnosis of hearing loss still composes a great challenge for most researchers (7). In our work, such difficulties in the identification of the etiology were also found in the adult group, since the unknown causes represented the second most common cause of hearing loss in this group.
The genetic causes of hearing loss are present in most studies (7). In the study by Nóbrega et al. (7), the genetic loss occurred in 15.73% of the patients in the period of 1990-1994, and in 8.33% of the children in 1994-2000. In the study by Dereköy (8), carried out in a school for deaf people, the genetic etiology represented the third most common cause of auditory deficiency, with 31 (23.8%) children affected, after fever convulsion, with 35 (26.9%), and unknown cause with 34 (26.1%). This study confirmed the unknown genetic etiology represented in 33.33% of the cases in the pediatric group was the most expressive cause of hearing loss, confirming the importance of both etiologies in this group.
The main perinatal causes resulting in hearing loss include anoxia, prematurity, fetal erythroblastosis and kernicterus (4). According to Streppel et al. (15), the accumulation of perinatal causes is the reason for most acquired etiologies of hearing loss in the German children. According to such authors, the advance of neonatology brought the diminishment of perinatal mortality and an increase of perinatal complications, such as acquired hearing loss.
In our studies, the perinatal causes represent the second most common cause of deafness in the pediatric group and such progress of pediatrics is a possible explanation for such findings. The statistical analysis showed there is no significant difference between the frequency of the genetic/unknown and the perinatal causes in the pediatric group. In the adult group, the genetic and perinatal causes were not common, which demonstrates the importance of other etiologies in this age range, such as presbycusis, PAIR, otosclerosis and COM.
Presbycusis, a hearing loss for aging, is indicated as the main cause of audition deficiency in older people according to the international literature, with the incidence of about 30% in the population aged more than 65 years old (16). According to Veras and Mattos (12), who performed a literature review on this theme, presbycusis has been considered to be the most common cause of hearing loss in the elderly people in Brazil, which implies a difficulty to understand during verbal communication. In our work, presbycusis was the main cause of hearing loss in the adult group, which is according to the abovementioned references. We confirmed statistically that presbycusis is the most frequent etiology in the adult group.
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is the main cause of deafness and hearing loss in the United States. Although aging and genetics are the main risk factors, the temporary or permanent hearing loss is becoming increasingly common among young adults and children, especially with the increase of portable music devices exposure (17). Therefore, they are to be guided and informed to avoid the use of such equipment. In our study, no case of NIHL was found in the pediatric group, while in the adult group NIHL was responsible for 5.63% of the causes of hearing loss.
Otosclerosis is one of the most frequent causes of hearing loss in the adult individual (18). It is more frequent in the female sex, in the proportion of 2:1, and may bring a worsening of the symptoms during pregnancy (18, 19). Its incidence is more common between 20 and 40 years, and is less common in children and adults older than 50 years (18, 20). In our research, the incidence of otosclerosis was more frequent in women, in the proportion of 2:1, with 41.6% of the patients in the age range of 20 to 50 years, absent before 35 years old. It is possible that most cases after 50 years old are somehow justified by the indications of hearing aid for otospongiosis and for the period of time waiting for scheduling of consultation, since the Medical School is a state reference of the Auditory Health Program. One of the main indications for the use of hearing aid for otosclerosis is in those patients who cannot submit to surgical treatment, and most of whom are elderly. Additionally, in these population of elderly, otosclerosis connected to neurosensorial affection is more frequent, where surgery doesn't modify such loss, and the indication of hearing aid is more common.
In the study by FORTES et al. (5), the infectious etiology represented approximately 70% of the cases of hearing loss in the age range below 40 years old, which diminished with advancement of the age, but still representing 31% of the cases in the population older than 60 years, most cases of otitis media of the chronic (79%) and secreting (18%) types, and only 1.2% of acute otitis media. In a research with 4000 Egyptians, to estimate the prevalence of causes of hearing loss in Egypt, Abdel-Hamid et al. (10) confirmed that 16.02% (641) participants had hearing loss and the 3 most common causes were: otitis media with effusion (30.7%), presbycusis (22.7%) and chronic suppurative otitis media (13.2%).
In our research, COM, that was included in the sequel subgroup of otitis media in the pediatric group, occurred in 3 patients of this group and in 19 (5.94%) patients of the adult group, representing the third most frequent identifiable cause of hearing loss in this last group. It is possible that such cases of COM in our work, proportionally minor in the studies mentioned, have occurred for several reasons, amongst which the fact we analyze only patients with indication of hearing aid. This allows that the etiologies, whose treatment is mainly based on the use of hearing aid, such as presbycusis, stand out compared to the causes in which the clinical and surgical treatments, be effective for a large number of patients, like in the cases of chronic otitis media with effusion.
Acquired infections are other important causes of hearing loss. Among the acquired infections, the meningitis is doubtlessly the main one and indicated as the most relevant postnatal etiology of neurosensorial dysacusis (6, 15). In the studies of Cecatto (6) and Butugan (21), patients with age ranging from 3 to 30 years old and in the first year of life were evaluated, respectively, and the incidence of hearing loss for meningitis was of 8.4% in both works. This study attended 3 cases of meningitis in the pediatric group, representing, along with the chronic otitis media, the most common postnatal cause of auditory deficit in this age range.
According to Nóbrega et al. (7), congenital rubella is still one of the main etiologies of hearing loss in our field. Cecatto et al. (6) described the congenital rubella is the main prenatal cause of hearing loss for their teratogenic effects and demonstrated the congenital rubella corresponded to 31 (23.6%) of the cases and was the most common identifiable cause of hearing loss. During the period of 1990-1994, Nóbrega et al. (7) confirmed that the congenital rubella was the second most common cause of hearing loss in children and adolescents, only preceded by the unknown etiology.
In the study by Dereköy (8), who evaluated 130 deaf students in the age range of 5 to 16 years old in a school in Turkey, there was no case of maternal rubella as a cause of deafness. Likewise, there was no syndrome of congenital rubella in other 6 studies in Turkey. As this country did not apply a program of immunization against rubella yet, the natural immunity against rubella is high. According to Streppel et al. (15), the reduction of the cases of congenital rubella detected in Germany seems to be due to the success of vaccination.
In our study, the congenital rubella represented, in the pediatric group, the least common cause of hearing loss along with the use of ototoxic drugs, confirming a discrepancy with the national studies; but was according to the Turkish and German studies. In the studies performed by Nóbrega (7) and Cecatto (6), the patients were evaluated in the years 1990-2000, and in 2001, respectively. The vaccination actions of 2001-2002 of the Brazilian Ministry of Health having been directed generally to women aged from 12 to 39 years old led to a reduction of the incidence of rubella. However, this vaccination coverage was not homogeneous, and accumulated susceptible agents and contributed to outbreaks in 2006 and 2007 (22).
Such outbreaks didn't reach large proportions in Santa Catarina that had 92 cases confirmed of rubella in the years 2006 and 2007, compared to other states, such as Rio Grande do Sul, that had 2866 cases in the same period (23, 24). Aiming to interrupt the circulation of the rubella virus in Brazil, the Ministry of Health promoted the vaccination campaign of 2008 for men and women, intended for age range of 20-39 years old, that was defined as susceptible population (22). The tendency is that in the following years there is a significant fall of cases of rubella in the country and consequently of congenital rubella syndrome.
As regards to the ototoxicity in the childhood, this includes newborns with severe infection in the nursery of intensive care who receive aminosidine antibiotics. Several authors have published variable percentages of cases of ototoxicosis in children, resulting from the use of several aminosidine antibiotics. Other authors report the absence of ototoxicosis in children who received such drugs (3). In our research, 3 (5.88%) cases of hearing loss were attended in the pediatric group, having as a probable etiology the use of ototoxic drugs, and in 2 children gentamicin was applied.
Figure 3. Probable etiology in the pediatric group (n=51).
Figure 4. Probable etiology in the adult group (n=320).
Most patients of the pediatric group forwarded for service in the Medical School of the UFSC, of the Auditory Health Program of the State of Santa Catarina, are of the male sex, with mean age of 7.7 years old, and with neurosensorial hearing loss of light and profound degrees, with duration of loss equal or longer than 1 year and without associate diseases. The genetic/unknown etiologies and the perinatal causes represented over 60% of all causes in this group. Most patients of the adult group sent for service are of the female sex, aged on average 61 years old, with neurosensorial hearing loss, of moderate and moderate-light degrees, with duration of loss equal or longer than 5 years, and the systemic arterial hypertension is the most frequent associated disease. Presbycusis was the most common etiology in the adult group.
The comparison of both groups shows the prevalence of hearing loss of the mixed type in the adult group. As for the degree, there was a major prevalence of losses of moderate and moderate-severe degrees in the adult group and profound degree in the pediatric group. The main identifiable etiologies were different in both groups.
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22. Brasil livre da rubéola: campanha nacional de vacinação para eliminação da rubéola, Brasil, 2008: relatório/Ministério da Saúde, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Departamento de Vigilância Epidemiológica. - Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2009.
23. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério de Saúde do Brasil [homepage na Internet]. Casos confirmados de Rubéola, Brasil, Grandes Regiões e Unidades Federadas 1997 a 2006 [acesso em 2009 Out 29]. Disponível em: http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/casos_rubeola.pdf.
24. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde do Ministério de Saúde do Brasil [homepage na Internet]. Casos confirmados de Rubéola, segundo mês de início de sintomas, Brasil, Grandes Regiões e Unidades Federadas 2007 [acesso em 2009 Out 29]. Disponível em: http://portal.saude.gov.br/portal/arquivos/pdf/casos_conf_rubeola_mes_sintomas2007.pdf.
1 Bachelor's Degree in Medicine from the Federal University of Santa Catarina.
2 Assistant Professor of the Federal University of Santa Catarina. Doctoral Degree in Otorhinolaryngology from the University of São Paulo.
3 Assistant Professor of the Federal University of Santa Catarina.
4 Otorhinolaryngologist Doctor. In course for Post-Graduation Degree from the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of the Federal University of São Paulo.
5 Epidemiologist - Professor of the Post-Graduation Program in Medical Sciences CCS/HU/UFSC. Doctoral Degree in Epidemiology from the University of London - United Kingdom.
Institution: Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Florianópolis / SC - Brazil. Mail address: Oscar Cardoso Dimatos - Avenida Jornalista Rubens de Arruda Ramos, 1010, Apto 601 - Centro - Florianópolis / SC - Brazil - Zip code: 88015-700 - Telephone: (+55 48) 3225-2002 / (+55 48) 9914-2002 - E-mail: zicodimatos@yahoo.com.br
Article received on October 21, 2010. Approved on November 13, 2010.


text:
Listen: Kelli Ward, Arizona, Arizona Department Of Health Services discussed on Delta Trading Group
"T A. R calm and streaming Live on the K T A R news app. You're breaking news and traffic now. PTR news time is 1 30. I'm Julie. The Vin, an additional 5376 Positive Cove in 19 cases added this morning, the Arizona Department of Health Services also reporting another 25 deaths. The number of positive cases now stands at 364,276 6950. People have reportedly died. In the court of Iris. Here in Arizona. Two top Arizona Republican leaders involved in a war of words and I may be a while until things cool down has started earlier this week with a spiced up tweet from state GOP chair Kelli Ward, telling the governor to shut up after he certified the election results. The governor later telling her to practice what she preaches Valley political experts stand, Barnes says the party is fractured and won't immediately be repaired. For the most part. Doug Ducey, Kelli Ward believe in the same general policy matters, but it's that you Unity factor in the personality problems in the style issues. That's what has to be overcome. Word continues to challenge the November 3rd election in court. Let's get a check now on traffic in the Valley Chevy dealers Traffic Center Josh Hey, well, construction westbound on the one on one, shutting down both the Seventh Avenue on Grandpa's Wells, the 19th Avenue off ramp. You didn't want to enter and exit the freeway on 27th Avenue instead, if you're coming through the area here Up to three ways. Three different problems to look out. For one of these is a car fire 35th Avenue north of Northern Bullard at I 10 That's Iraq Look out for another crash, and Chandler on McQueen, just north of Peco's. This report is sponsored by online trading academy Phoenix. You work hard for your money, Learn how to make your money work harder for you tune into the Bulls and the Bears Saturday morning, said 7, A.m. and Sunday mornings at 9 A.m..."
KTAR 92.3FM
Kelli Ward, Arizona, Arizona Department Of Health Services discussed on Delta Trading Group
Delta Trading Group
1 year ago | KTAR 92.3FM
Kelli Ward Arizona Arizona Department Of Health Services Positive Cove Doug Ducey Phoenix Iraq Iris Bullard Barnes GOP Peco Bulls Mcqueen Chandler Bears
T A. R calm and streaming Live on the K T A R news app. You're breaking news and traffic now. PTR news time is 1 30. I'm Julie. The Vin, an additional 5376 Positive Cove in 19 cases added this morning, the Arizona Department of Health Services also reporting another 25 deaths. The number of positive cases now stands at 364,276 6950. People have reportedly died. In the court of Iris. Here in Arizona. Two top Arizona Republican leaders involved in a war of words and I may be a while until things cool down has started earlier this week with a spiced up tweet from state GOP chair Kelli Ward, telling the governor to shut up after he certified the election results. The governor later telling her to practice what she preaches Valley political experts stand, Barnes says the party is fractured and won't immediately be repaired. For the most part. Doug Ducey, Kelli Ward believe in the same general policy matters, but it's that you Unity factor in the personality problems in the style issues. That's what has to be overcome. Word continues to challenge the November 3rd election in court. Let's get a check now on traffic in the Valley Chevy dealers Traffic Center Josh Hey, well, construction westbound on the one on one, shutting down both the Seventh Avenue on Grandpa's Wells, the 19th Avenue off ramp. You didn't want to enter and exit the freeway on 27th Avenue instead, if you're coming through the area here Up to three ways. Three different problems to look out. For one of these is a car fire 35th Avenue north of Northern Bullard at I 10 That's Iraq Look out for another crash, and Chandler on McQueen, just north of Peco's. This report is sponsored by online trading academy Phoenix. You work hard for your money, Learn how to make your money work harder for you tune into the Bulls and the Bears Saturday morning, said 7, A.m. and Sunday mornings at 9 A.m...


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This article is a pros and cons summary for my more in depth article asking – washer-dryer or separate washing machine and dryer � which is the best? The contents of this article were originally squeezed into the side bar of the first article because it was too big to fit in the main section, but I've now moved it here to make it more prominent and easier to read.
If separates are so much better why bother with a washer-dryer?
If you don't have any room for a separate dryer, then a washer-dryer is far better than nothing at all. Many people are quite happy with their washer dryer. As long as you accept their limitations they are OK, but always buy a separate washing machine and tumble dryer if you can afford to – and you have the space of course.
To see a more in depth look at this topic including whether a washer dryer is more, or less reliable than separates read my main article here – washer-dryer or separate washing machine and dryer � which is the best?
I love my washer-dryer. I can put in a half-load, set it to wash then dry, come home and get the clothes out of the machine and put them straight in the cupboard. If I have two separate appliances only the wash will be done on my return. I'm buying a new house with room for two appliances. Should I buy separate machines?
Hello Sam. I would say 2 separate machines win on all points apart from price and space. My other article covers why in more depth here Washer-dryer or separate washing machine and dryer – which is the best?
There is an "advantage" that you describe of being able to wash and dry a half a load whilst out, but in all honesty I would never do that. It's just not worth the risk. I've seen too many house fires caused by unattended washing machines, dryers and dishwashers – Fire risks in appliances.


text:
Schwerindustrie ist ein Sammelbegriff für Bergbau, Eisen- und Stahlindustrie und auch Tagebau sowie die Schwerchemie. Im weiteren Sinne werden damit auch andere Grundstoffindustrien bezeichnet. Gebiete der Schwerindustrie sind gekennzeichnet durch Zechen, Hochöfen, Gießereien, Stahl- und Walzwerke, Kohlehalden, Erzhalden, Verkehrseinrichtungen und große Arbeitssiedlungen.

Der Aufstieg der Schwerindustrie begann mit der industriellen Revolution. Insbesondere der hohe Stahl- und Kohlebedarf der Eisenbahn sowie des Schiffbaus und, im beginnenden 20. Jahrhundert, der Rüstungsindustrie führte zur Blüte der Schwerindustrie vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis in die Aufbauphase nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg.

In den 1970'er Jahren verlagerte sich der volkswirtschaftliche Schwerpunkt in den westlichen Industriestaaten in den Bereich der Konsumgüterindustrie und den Dienstleistungssektor. Dies führte in den Zentren der Schwerindustrie, wie z. B. dem Ruhrgebiet, zu erheblichen sozialen Problemen durch die hohe Arbeitslosigkeit wegen der Schließung zahlreicher Betriebe.

Bedeutende Zentren der Schwerindustrie sind unter anderem in Deutschland das Ruhrgebiet und das Saarland, in Belgien die Agglomerationen Charleroi und Lüttich, der Raum Esch/Differdingen in Luxemburg und weite Teile des nördlichen Lothringens in Frankreich.

Siehe auch
 Leichtindustrie
 Altindustrialisierter Raum

Literatur
 Oskar Stillich: Eisen- und Stahlindustrie. Nationalökonomische Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der großindustriellen Unternehmung Band 1; Verlag Franz Siemeroth, Berlin 1904.
 Oskar Stillich: Steinkohlenindustrie. Nationalökonomische Forschungen auf dem Gebiete der großindustriellen Unternehmung Band 2; Verlag Jäh & Schunke, Leipzig 1906.

Weblinks

Industrie
Wirtschaftsgeschichte
Wirtschaftszweig

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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A classic style dress with a playful twist made from a pure silk dupion and exquisite floral embroidered lace. It features the Sabrina bodice, this darted bodice offers simplicity and a flattering shiloutte with a scooped out back.
The silk top of the dress is overlayed with a lace and the sleeves are made from a single sheer layer of lace.
The red silk sash is an optional extra that you can add from the option given.
The standard skirt length is 28-30" for tea length, around mid calf.


Your stay at The Inn at 400 West High includes a full breakfast, served 8-9:30am each morning. Fill a mug with our 400 West High Breakfast Blend coffee (roasted right up the street at Shenandoah Joe Coffee Roasters) or choose from our selection of teas, then take your seat at the café tables in the open, light-filled Gathering Room.
We will start your meal with a fruit and yogurt parfait, featuring fresh fruit and locally made gluten-free granola. Each day we offer a different hot breakfast specialty: eat your fill of crepes, Belgian waffles, omelettes, quiches, and other treats made right before your eyes. Bacon or sausage and biscuits or muffins round out the meal and ensure that you will not leave the table hungry!
If you have dietary restrictions or special requests, please let us know prior to your arrival so we can prepare accordingly. We work with Stevie G's Gluten Free Bakery in nearby Waynesboro to offer a fantastic selection of certified gluten-free baked goods and granola.
The cookie jar at The Inn at 400 West High is always open for business: help yourself whenever your sweet tooth needs satisfying! We also offer complimentary water and soda and a Keurig machine well-stocked with a selection of hot beverage options available at any time.
Evening dining is an absolute treat in Charlottesville. The variety and quality of restaurants just a few minutes walk from The Inn is astounding. Check our recommended Charlottesville restaurant list, and ask for dining recommendations when you check in or peruse our local dining guides in the Gathering Room.


As president, I'll repeal the coal ash rule, the clean water rule, net neutrality, and much more.
To understand what is wrong with the regulatory culture of the U.S. under President Obama, consider this alarming statistic: Today, according to the World Bank—not exactly a right-wing think tank—the U.S. ranks 46th in the world in terms of ease of starting a business. That is unacceptable.
Think what the U.S. could be and the prosperity we could have if we rolled back the overregulation that keeps us from ranking in the top 10. It wouldn't just be easier to start a business. It would also be easier to find a job, get lifesaving medicine, get a loan, and see a doctor or health professional. Costs and prices would go down. The U.S. economy, stalled in the worst economic expansion since World War II, would be unleashed. Regulatory reform alone could add more than three percentage points to U.S. GDP by 2025.
Since January 2009, the Obama administration has mired America's free market in a flood of creativity-crushing and job-killing rules. This administration has issued rules targeting banks, farms, medical offices, hospitals, credit unions, insurers, tanning and nail salons, power plants, factories, federal contractors, cars, trucks and appliances. And in perhaps its most shocking display of regulatory overreach, it is regulating the Internet as a public utility, using a statute written in the 1930s.
If you're wondering why it's hard to get a mortgage, why no new banks are opening up, why your power bill will be going up, why your health insurance costs more, why we don't build new highways, why you can't get medicines that are available in Europe, Barack Obama's rules are a big part of the story.
These rules create a moat around America's wealthiest and well-connected. They can afford to comply and absorb the costs. The burden of meeting the new rules' requirements falls heaviest on everyone else through higher prices. And if a business can't pass on the cost of new rules to consumers, it just cuts wages or jobs.
The increased cost of new regulations, in time and money, has been phenomenal. According to the American Action Forum, since Mr. Obama took office, new regulations have resulted in an additional 443 million hours of paperwork each year for Americans. All told, according to the Competitive Enterprise Institute's 2015 report on the federal regulatory state, regulations impose a $1.88 trillion silent tax on the U.S. economy each year—that's nearly $15,000 per family. For every second of his presidency, Mr. Obama has added roughly $3,100 in regulatory burdens to the economy.
It's time we did a better job regulating the regulators. My goal as president would be to find and retire the rules that are posing a major obstacle to people who want to get a job, start a business, move up the income ladder or do anything else that contributes to the prosperity of this nation. If elected president, I will use my executive authority to direct agencies to create one dollar of regulatory savings for each new dollar of regulatory cost they propose. We will eliminate and reform outdated and burdensome rules and, when necessary, work with Congress and the courts to overcome legal obstacles that stand in the way of sensible savings.
My administration will create a commission charged with reviewing regulations from the perspective of the regulated and shifting more power from Congress back to states. In my administration, every regulation, including those issued by so-called independent agencies such as the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau, will have to satisfy a rigorous White House review process, including a cost-benefit analysis. Regulations will be issued only if they address a major market or policy failure. Regulators will be directed to favor private and state-driven solutions unless it is clear that federal intervention is necessary and appropriate.
My administration will also supercharge infrastructure projects by restructuring the permitting process for roads, highways, bridges, ports, pipelines, wind farms and other vital infrastructure projects. Permitting decisions will be made within two years instead of 10. And I will sign legislation to prevent frivolous litigation from endlessly tying up federal infrastructure projects in court.
As early as possible, I promise to roll back many of the most reckless and damaging rules promulgated under President Obama. As president, I will repeal the Environmental Protection Agency's new rule extending federal jurisdiction under the Clean Water Act over millions of acres of private land, its new regulation of carbon dioxide under the Clean Power Plan, and its new and costly coal-ash standards for power plants. I will also work to repeal the so-called net-neutrality rule forced on the Federal Communications Commission by the White House and the Department of Education's "gainful employment" rule that punishes for-profit colleges. That's for starters.
I will also work with Congress to repeal significant portions of the 2010 Dodd-Frank financial law, and we will reform the complex set of rules that perpetuate too-big-to-fail financial institutions. Later this fall, I will announce a detailed agenda to repeal and replace ObamaCare.
Regulation feeds into Washington's revolving-door culture. Regulators spend years writing complex rules, then leave for the private sector to sell their inside knowledge to the highest bidder—usually a big, well-entrenched company. No wonder so many Americans are cynical about who Washington really works for.
Most important, as president, I will be guided by the faith that we are a nation of free men and women who are capable of achieving far more than liberals and regulators believe possible. Once we remove the burdens of overregulation, America will once again reclaim its reputation for inventiveness, energy and boundless opportunity.
Mr. Bush, a former governor of Florida, is a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination.
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