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The mother of a boy undergoing cancer treatment is backing a campaign to raise £5.5m for a world-leading specialist centre in the North East.
Monika Matyjasek, whose five-year-old son Oliver Gavin is being treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, has spoken of her support for the Future Fund which aims to raise £5.5m to create the Newcastle University Centre for Childhood Cancer, a specialist children's cancer research facility at Newcastle University.
The fund is a collaborative project between Newcastle University, North of England Children's Cancer Research and The Great North Children's Hospital and has already gained backing from across the region since launching last week.
Oliver was diagnosed with the disease in February last year when he was just four after Monika noticed her son had gone from a happy, healthy child to a weak little boy who seemed to catch every bug in the playground.
"I was never away from the GP and began to feel like a neurotic mother of a newborn," she said.
Oliver was taken to the Great North Children's Hospital and doctors confirmed he did have leukaemia based on his bloods.
He underwent six months of intensive chemotherapy and is now in the middle of a two-year course of 'maintenance' chemotherapy. But despite their daily challenges, the family is enjoying getting life back on track.
"I have just finished my university training to become an occupational therapist," said Monika.
"I was in my last year at university when we got the diagnosis so I put my studies on hold for a year but I've managed to complete them now.
Monika praised staff at the hospital for helping her understand the disease and offering support, in particular childhood cancer specialist Professor Josef Vormoor, director of the Northern Institute for Cancer Research at Newcastle University (NICR) and honorary consultant paediatric oncologist at the Great North Children's Hospital.
"He took the time to answer every single question I had – and I'm a person who has lots of questions. I found it all much easier to cope with once I understood the disease and how we were going to tackle it," she said.
Prof Vormoor said this partnership between clinicians and the families of their patients is crucial to the success of all treatments.
"Good communication is everything," he said. "The parents of our patients become partners in delivering treatment as they give most of the oral medicines at home.


In machine learning, a deep belief network is a generative graphical model, or alternatively a class of deep neural network, composed of multiple layers of latent variables, with connections between the layers but not between units within each layer.
Audio signal processing is the intentional modification of sound signals to create an auditory effect for a listener to alter the perception of the temporal, spatial, pitch and/or volume aspects of the received sound. Audio signal processing can be performed in analog and/or digital domains by audio signal processing systems. For example, analog processing techniques can use circuitry to modify the electrical signals associated with the sound, whereas digital processing techniques can include algorithms to modify the digital representation, e.g., binary code, corresponding to the electrical signals associated with the sound. Binaural sound recordings are produced by a stereo recording of two microphones inside the ears of a human or a mannequin head. Such recordings include most cues for sound spatialization detected by humans, and thus, they are able to realistically transmit the localization of the recorded sounds, and in effect provide a three dimensional experience of the soundscape for the listener.
UCLA researchers in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering have developed a novel spin-orbit-torque (SOT)-controlled magnetic random access memory driven by in-plane currents.
UCLA researchers in the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering have developed an extremely electrically small antenna that can be used to transmit or receive electromagnetic radiation within a large range of communication frequencies.
Researchers in the UCLA Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering have developed anti-fouling and self-cleaning membranes for use in municipal and industrial wastewater treatment, with particular applications for anaerobic membrane bioreactors.
UCLA researchers in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering have developed a novel ultra-low power crystal oscillator architecture that achieves the lowest reported power consumption.
Researchers at the University of California, (UC) Davis have developed a textured surface design that can improve the friction coefficient of soil-structure interfaces.
Researchers at the UCLA Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering have developed a millimeter-wave spectrum analyzer that uses a non-linear fast switch to generate a broadband frequency comb local oscillator (LO) with a tunable repetition rate.


Why do you think God does the things he does? How much have you thought about that? If you look throughout scripture, you will see a common theme throughout. God wants people to see that He is God. God wants people to recognize and know Him. Bottom line.
Take a look at the above verse for a moment. God said He was going to perform "marvels" such as the world had never seen for the Israelites. Why? So that those around them would see the work of the Lord. Think about this: To warrant a "marvel" or a miracle would imply that the situation would be so dire or an obstacle would be so great that only an act of God would be sufficient to create change. That was certainly the case in early Israel's day. Only God could have delivered them from Egypt. Only God could move them to the Promised Land. Only God. And everyone around witnessed the marvels.
Are you tired of waiting on God to deliver you from your circumstances? Maybe God is just waiting to perform a miracle so others can see His awesome work instead of your "okay" efforts. God wants to do awesome things in our lives so others can see Him for themselves. Sometimes we need to quit trying and start trusting. Let's let God handle the hard stuff.
1) What miracles has God already performed in your life? What has He helped you through?
2) How can knowing His past work in your life help you with your current circumstance?
3) What issue can you give over to Him today?
I feel so priviledged to share my thoughts about scripture and life on this blog. Today I'm going to choose to reflect on one of my favorite passages in the psalms. In my bible next to the passage of scripture shown above, I have two dates written. Dates of new resolve for two different issues in my life when my heart was broken and I was in desperate need of a new day and a new song in my life. They were dates when I allowed God to set my feet upon the rock of His word and His love, as I decided that He was all I really needed.
Dear reader, are you in need of a new start or a new song in your life? God can give it to you. When He does, many will see it and wonder how you can be so joyful in the midst of the pain or stress of your circumstance. He has done it for me. He will do it for you. God will give you that new song so that others will look at you and see God at work in and through you. God wants people to know that He is God. Through our praises to God through our lips and our lives, others will eventually put their trust in God as well.
1) In what area of your life do you need a "new song"? In what pit are you dwelling?
2) What do you visualize your "new song" to be?
3) What small step can you take today to start living out the new life you've visualized? Prayer is a good first step.
Are you feeling overwhelmed by a situation in your life? We all are in that "boat" from time to time. I can guarantee you that you would be if you were a newly annointed king whose armies had dwindled down to 600, had no weapons except for those you and your son had, and were surrounded an all sides by your enemies. Now that would seem to be quite the helpless situation! Saul found himself there as we are told in 1 Samuel 13:14. Lucky for him, he had a son who had great faith in our God.
My first thought is that Jonathan is a little off his rocker for going out to take on the Philistines on his own. However, note the faith that he has in God. Jonathan knows that God can work wonders and is willing to step leap out of his comfort zone in order that a mighty miracle might take place. Wow. I wonder how history would have changed had this young man not taken that leap.
The events that followed were indeed a miracle. God allowed Jonathan and his armorbearer to slay 20 men because of their faith and trust in Him. Jonathan even gave credit where credit was due - to God - when he acknowledged that the "LORD has delivered them into the hand of Israel" (1 Samuel 14:12). God must have messed with the Philistines' minds big time, as they eventually turned on each other and killed each other off because of their confusion as to who they were fighting.
There are so many miracles in the bible regarding how God delivers His people, that I can't even begin to name them all. God took one man whose heart was pure and saved a nation. Are you in a "day" where you need saving? God can save you. What initiatives are you putting off in your life because you are afraid? God can help you overcome your fears. Remember that there is nothing that God cannot take care of. When things seem helpless to us, that is where the biggest miracles in our lives can occur.
Isn't faith fun? We get persecuted for our faith, challenged by our faith, encouraged by our faith and we have to work for our faith. The testing of our faith produces patience. But, in order to get faith in the first place we need to have faith. What in the world is that all about anyway? Okay, I know what that is all about, but isn't it deep? So deep. Deep, but fun, huh?
I've mentioned before that our church is just starting a brand new life stage because we have just moved into a new building and don't know where God is taking us from there. In speaking to some friends, I've said that I feel like I'm on a new roller coaster - and I love them, by the way, the bigger/faster/wilder, the better - and I'm going up the first hill. Can you hear the "click,click, click, click, click" of the cars locking in as we are pulled upwards. What is over the hill? None of us can see that clearly because we've never been here before. That is where faith comes in. Soon we will all be feeling the "wind in our hair" as the excitement becomes reality.
How does the thrill of the unknown affect you? Does it energize you are make you fearful? The good news is that God is in control and gives us all the power to survive change. He supplies us with all that we need to do what He has called us to do. Without fail. I'm closing today with a letter from me included in our April newsletter. Guys who are reading, please don't check out just because the letter is addressed to my ladies. The principles still apply.
I'm so excited about my letter to you this month. God has so much in store for each of you, more than you can even imagine (1 Cor 2:9). Did you know that? More importantly, do you believe it? After hearing Pastor Tim speak a couple of Sundays ago about how Jesus turned water into wine at the wedding of Cana (John 2), I can't stop thinking about what God can do in our lives if we just let Him have complete control. Those servants were people just like you and I. They simply did what Jesus asked them to do.
What is God asking you to do for Him today? What is your answer to Him? Do you realize that when God asks you to do something for Him that He will supply all that you need to get it done? Remember again that the servants were just doing what they were asked and Jesus did the rest. Let me reiterate…Jesus did the rest. Our Old Testament Moses didn't have anything to offer but the shepherd's rod that was in his hand, and God used him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt. Now, Moses is someone I can relate to with all of his excuses! Oh, I wish I could look each one of you in the eyes and tell you how important you are in God's plan and to not be afraid to step out in faith and do what He is asking of you right now!
So what are we waiting for? As Christians we have access to the greatest power the world has ever known! All we have to do is plug in to the Source through daily time of prayer and bible reading. It really is that simple. God can turn the "water" of our lives into "wine" any time that He wants to…and believe me, He wants to do it so that others will see your miracle happen and will know that He is God.
He is God. Our God is God and wants to use us in a mighty way. Let's get to work and let Him be glorified!
When we left off last time, Peter was preaching Jesus to the Jews. Well, guess what? He is still preaching in Acts 4, only this time I believe it is even more powerful. Apparently he and John must have been causing quite the stir because the priests and the Sadducees came upon them and asked what was going on, and apparently took them captive overnight (Acts 4:3).
Peter was so filled with the Holy Spirit that he couldn't help but proclaim the gospel, even to the high priests the next morning. No more denying Jesus for Peter. He learned his lesson. He kept repeating that the reason for the miracles was of the power of Jesus in him and while the priest couldn't deny that the miracles happened, they didn't know what to do.
Have you had a miracle happen in your life? I bet if you think hard enough, you will find one there somewhere. One of my recent "miracles" was when I was the emcee at our Ladies' Retreat this past fall. Through the power of God, this lady who used to be terrified at doing presentations in college, stood up in front of 80+ ladies with a microphone and actually had a good time doing it. Now, I'm not saying that I was this incredible speaker or anything, but I think I pulled it off. So, let me ask again, have you had a miracle happen in your life?
Peter and John weren't noticed because of their education, intelligence or skills. They were noticed because they had been with Jesus. And because of that, many were saved. What will you do with His Spirit?
My postings have been a little light of late as I finish the final preparations for our ladies' retreat. In my preparations, I found the following story that is a wonderful example of how the scars in our lives, combined with God's love and care, can produce a wonderful work in us.
squares of a quilt in many piles.
threadbare and empty, like binding air.
their tapestries. So filled their lives had been.
death, and false accusations that took from me my world as I knew it.
it was, and I had to accept it for what it was.
I rose and slowly lifted the combined squares of my life to the light.
An awe-filled gasp filled the air.
creating an image, the face of Christ.
than there was of you.
In a book by Max Lucado entitled "Come Thirsty", I came across the following I'd like to share related to the power of God's love in our lives. In his book, he tells a story of fishermen eating at a seaside inn sharing stories of great catches. During the story telling, one of the men's arms caught in the serving maid's tea tray and sent the teapot flying, scattering brown tea stain all over the white wall of the inn. A stranger who happened to be a famous painter of wildlife offered to work with the stain, and ended up painting a picture of a stag with a great rack of antlers on the wall. The stain blended beautifully with the design.
God's hands do the same, over and over. He draws together the disjointed blotches in our life and renders them an expression of His love. We become pictures: "examples of the incredible wealth of his favor and kindness toward us" (Eph 2:7).
You may never read this, but I want everyone to know how thankful I am that you are allowing God to use you. I pray that the impact of your words and efforts, turned from "water to wine" by the power that only God can provide, will move our Grace ladies in a mighty way. Thank you.
From my reading some time ago in Anne Graham Lotz's book entitled "Just Give Me Jesus", I came across something she discussed that really shows the power of God to change whatever we do into a glorious work for Him.
Remember Jesus' first miracle where He turned the water into wine at the wedding feast? The servants dipped cups into the water, brought them to the master and wine appeared! Here's a quote from the book and as you read it, think of the "water" we put into our ministries and our lives and the "wine" that will result due to God's work.
"Can you imagine the thrill those servants experienced? It's the same thrill I've experienced again and again as I have climbed down from a pulpit to a standing ovation, acutely conscious of the water I had put into the message - the interrupted prayer time, the scattered thoughts, the flawed outline, the weak delivery - yet the wine flowed out. People responded to the message, lives were changed, and the demonstration of the power of God was evident. No one in the audience knew what this servant knew - that water had gone in, but wine had com out. And as I outwardly lift my hand in praise to God, inwardly I humbly acknowledge what only He and I know - that a quiet miracle has occurred." - Anne Graham Lotz.
As I read the quote then and now, I get goosebumps thinking about what God can do through us if we let Him. Thank You God, for the miracles You provide!


Repairs are among the specialties of Alliant Computer Systems France. Consumer Goods is another product this organization deals in. More examples of outputs in their range comprise of industrial equipments. Located in Rungis, France, Alliant Computer Systems France is well-known to be a good business. A firm that deals with repairs, such as Alliant Computer Systems France, is not odd to be situated in France.


Can A Driller Trespass While Fracking On Its Own Lease?
The Pennsylvania Public Utility Commission's Independent Bureau of Investigation and ... 20 along the Mariner East 1 pipeline right-of-way.
"Having the capacity to accommodate extensions brings development ... as proceeds from the Marcellus Shale Impact Fee legislation, Act 13 of 2012.
... working on the second and third LNG depots close to the first project. ... part in a proposed project to build an LNG terminal in Murmansk, he said.


Robert serves as a concepts and editorial designer for Wayfarer's written intersections. As a writer and editor, he seeks to create and design clear, challenging, and Christ-filled lessons, devotions, and readings that bring people into collisions with Jesus that awaken them to a new way of following God. He also contributes to the creative process of Wayfarer's events and serves as a curriculum designer and activities coordinator for Wayfarer Camp. He joined Wayfarer in 2002 after a career as a sportswriter at Pro Football Weekly and the Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Robert graduated from Wake Forest University and earned his Master's degree in journalism at Northwestern University. He and his wife Lindsay were married in 2007. No word of children yet, but we keep asking everyday!
Bobby!!!! He can be Blake's deputy!


Homework Hero is one of the missions in the Monsters University Play Set.
This mission is initiated by speaking with blue spiky haired octopus monster in Frat Row. At least some of the Frat Row Missions will need to have been completed, and at least the Half Pipe will need to have been purchased from the Toy Store and added to the bike park. And of course, at least one of the bicycles will need to be purchased from the Toy Store (bikes get delivered to the usual delivery spot on the MU campus - the bike park toys will automatically get added to the bike park, no need to pick them up).
There's good news and bad news for this mission - the bad news is that bike riding takes a lot of practice and this can be one of the hardest missions in the game. The good news is that it's pretty enjoyable to watch the characters eat dirt, about the first 100 times.
The four canisters over the half pipe are by far the hardest. Take some time to get the hang of the half pipe by just going back and forth without jumping; the bike turn around automatically at the top, so there's no need to try and move it manually. Next start with a simple single jump at the top, then work on getting more air by double jumping and boosting with the stick.


St. Louis natives the Sklar Brothers will headline the nonprofit's event on Saturday November 24.
The organization will be hosting an inaugural comedy night benefit headlined by St. Louis natives, the Sklar Brothers, on Saturday, November 24 at Chaminade College Preparatory School (425 S. Lindbergh). Proceeds will go to the post-production costs for their documentary, which focuses not only on one of his friends' stories, "but also with diverse Americans dealing with mental health and suicide in various ways," says Lindley.
According to the CDC, suicide rates increased between 1999 and 2016 in Missouri (36 percent) and Illinois (23 percent). And, according to Mental Health America, Missouri has higher prevalence of mental illness compared to Illinois. So why is mental illness still stigmatized today? Dr. Jessica Gold, assistant professor in the department of psychiatry at Washington University in St. Louis, says it might be a combination of five factors.
1. History. Those with mental illness were often shamed and ostracized. Dorothea Dix pushed for the establishment of asylums along with better treatment for mentally ill individuals during the 1800s, but the issues continued with people with mental illnesses being used for experiments, sterilized or killed during World War II. Simultaneously, "psychiatric hospitals began to be used inappropriately," says Gold. People would institutionalize family members with mental illnesses to get them out of the home.They were able to do this because of very low standards. Sometimes all it took was "two signatures and someone could be institutionalized for life." This was frightening in itself, hence reinforcing the stigma. In the States, this led to "extreme political reform," where many were deinstitutionalized because the facilities were poorly run which often resulted in mass incarceration of those with mental illness.
2. Public Perception. Due to federal government budget cuts, no outpatient resources were created, causing many of these individuals to go without help. Sometimes, people who had serious mental illnesses could not function on their own and became homeless. Due to fear of the unknown, and new exposure to some of the more overt psychiatric symptomatology—talking to oneself for example—led many to fear them and wrongly believe everyone with mental illness is untreated or violent. Also, many people do not perceive mental illness as a brain disorder, but instead something that people can get over at will or even prevent it from happening in the first place.
3. Varying Degrees of Stigma. Stigma regarding mental health varies depends on many factors, including cultural background, geographical location, type of diagnosis, and even a family's openness to mental health treatment. Consequently, these factors can impact a person's wiliness to seek help.
4. Media. News can sometimes contribute to the stigmatization by covering the "sexier stories" like mass shootings (or suicide deaths, or murders), and/or citing mental illness as a cause for said act. Hollywood can portray people with mental illness as violent while limiting (if at all) the focus on treatment or treatment efficacy (as seen in 2017 with the reaction to Split). This creates false associations and discourages people from seeking help fearing they will be permanently labeled with an incurable diagnosis and/or will be perceived as violent, Gold says.
5. Limited access to treatment. Another negative consequence of stigmatizing mental illness is limited access to psychological treatment, and hence inadequate mental health or substance use insurance coverage. This supposedly changed after passing mental health parity laws and Obamacare, "but clinicians still struggle to get psychiatric hospital stays covered, find resources for patients that are covered (providers in the community, partial hospitalization programs or intensive outpatient programs), and/or get medications approved. Substance abuse treatment is often, even worse," states Gold.
According to Gold, the primary way to destigmatize mental illness is to talk about it openly and without shame. This helps normalize the topic. She adds that while we have become more comfortable with the diagnosis part of mental illness, we haven't with admitting we sought treatment for it.
If you have thoughts of suicide, confidential help is available for free at the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline. Call 1-800-273-8255. The line is available 24 hours, every day. You can also reach out to the National Alliance on Mental Illness at 1-800-950-6264 or the Behavioral Health Network of Greater St. Louis at 314-449-6713.


To love the self is to nourish the body when it hungers or thirsts.
To love the self is to rest when the body has been pushed to its limits.
To love the self is to recognize emotions as the manner in which the body communicates its place in the universe at large.
To love the self is to provide the body and mind with peace and quiet so nothing can distract them from withdrawing for a short time.
To love the self is to protect the mind from negativity and degradation.
To love the self is to actively monitor thought patterns so as not to allow any limiting thought to take temporary or lengthy residence.
To love the self is to encourage the mind to foster growth in all areas of life.
To love the self is to accept mistakes with the knowledge that everyone makes them.
To love the self is to accept shortcomings as strengths are built upon by showing gentle kindness and warming compassion to all.
To love the self is to recognize the interconnectedness between all beings, though a loving self would never compromise its own boundaries in order to maintain toxic connections.
To love the self is to accept that not all things in the universe have one's interest in mind, for not everything feels the connection one may wish to share openly with another.
Can y'all think of any others to add?


text:
When Ethnic Minorities Vote For Right-Wing Populism
BarbaraMolas
President of the National Rally Party, Marine Le Pen launching the European elections campaign of May 2019. | Liewig Christian/PA. All rights reserved.
From Marine Le Pen to Donald Trump, a common claim among right-wing populists is that they represent true democracy. This is based on the idea that an allegedly corrupt elite, usually the established government, does not justly represent "the people". More often than not, "the people" is defined in narrow ethnic terms, making such populist discourse a nationalist and even nativist one. Inevitably, right-wing populist narratives tend to employ exclusionary conceptions of what is seen as the homogenous nation. It thus should come as no surprise that right-wing populism has been described as the "rejection of pluralism", and that ethnic minorities have been commonly perceived as the main victims. This could easily lead to the conclusion that ethnic minorities must be naturally opposed to right-wing populism. However, that is not always the case.
Even though polls repeatedly show US President Donald Trump remaining very unpopular among ethnic minorities, the fact of the matter is that support among these groups not only exists but might be on the rise. While it is commonly assumed that ethnic minorities disapprove of Trump, it also implies that ethnic groups are perceived as a monolith. Hispanic-Americans, for example, are diverse and more are politically identifying with non-Hispanic white Americans. This is partly due to the fact that two thirds of the Hispanic electorate is now American-born, and illegal immigration has become a concern to them as to non-Hispanic Americans, including Indian Americans and African Americans. Besides, factors other than ethnicity may encourage support for right-wing populism. Religious affiliation, for example, is one of them. As Politico reports, roughly fifty per cent of Hispanic-Americans are Catholic, a religion whose dogma has frequently been associated with its conservative views on social issues such as abortion or LGBT rights, views that may encourage support for right-wing populism such as that endorsed by Trump.
In Britain, although a large percentage of the population of ethnic background other than white voted Remain, both the ethnic and socioeconomic diversity of the Leave vote has largely been overlooked. For instance, opposition to EU freedom of movement played a critical part in encouraging ethnic minorities, particularly those from South Asia, to vote Leave. This opposition is often related to fears of labour competition, but it is also linked to a sense of "unfairness" based on the idea that the EU too easily facilitates migration for white Europeans while imposing more restrictions upon non-(white) European migrants. Moreover, for British Indians specifically, the idea of common cultural belonging and a shared sense of Britishness (different from the merely "political" nature of the European project) were also relevant in determining their Leave vote.
Another concern among British ethnic minorities is the idea that the EU is composed by mono-racial societies characterised by "widespread and entrenched prejudice" against non-white groups. According to the EU's Agency for Fundamental Rights, the UK has one of the lowest levels of reported race-related harassment and violence; it seems plausible to consider fear of discrimination on the basis of race a contributing factor for ethnic minorities to be Brexiteers. But national rather than ethnic identity can also play a part in favouring right-wing populism. In Britain, the Remain campaign focused on appealing to "a sense of European identity", but first-generation immigrants have long been encouraged to integrate by adopting "British values". Consequently, appeals to their European identity constituted an ineffective method to mobilize them for Remain.
Similarly, in France the xenophobic National Rally of Marine Le Pen has been defined as anti-Semitic and hostile to immigrants, yet there is a non-negligible part of French ethnic minorities who vote for the party. As is the case for South Asian Britons, French minorities who voted for Le Pen understand Frenchness not in terms of ethnicity but in terms of common values. "The defense of national identity", explained a French citizen of African descent, "has nothing to do with race". This statement resonates with Le Pen's right-wing populist discourse for the defense of "French workers of all races" against a "globalized elite" that allows for the supposedly uncontrolled influx of European immigrants like Romanians or Poles. Another supporter explains that he voted for Le Pen because becoming French is to him a symbol of freedom against the repressive dictatorships he fled from. Frenchness is to him "the ways of their country of residence" rather than a certain ethnicity. In other words, "we're in France: love it or leave it."
These cases in the US, UK, and France demonstrate that ethnic minorities might not necessarily see themselves (exclusively) in ethnic terms, taking into consideration practicality as well as beliefs. Similarly, it shows that ethnic minorities might perceive right-wing populism not necessarily as an exclusionary form of politics, but as a way to protect or even expand a particular sense of belonging. Analysing how right-wing populism can appeal to ethnic minorities may allow us to identify the ways in which these groups feel discriminated by seemingly democratic structures, thereby allowing us to better define the way forward. As French Algerian philosopher Albert Camus said, democracy is not the law of the majority but the protection of the minority.
Ms Barbara Molas is a Doctoral Fellow at CARR and Doctoral candidate in Department of History, York University, Toronto. See her profile here.
© Barbara Molas. Views expressed on this website are individual contributors and do not necessarily reflect that of the Centre for Analysis of the Radical Right (CARR). We are pleased to share previously unpublished materials with the community under creative commons license 4.0 (Attribution-NoDerivatives).
Views expressed on this website are individual contributors and do not necessarily reflect that of the Centre for Analysis of the Radical Right (CARR). We are pleased to share previously unpublished materials with the community under creative commons license 4.0 (Attribution-NoDerivatives).
Hispanic-Americans
homogenous nation
Pluralism
right-wing populists
is Head of Doctoral Fellows at the Centre for the Analysis of the Radical Right.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Alstory Simon is released in October from Jacksonville Correctional Center in central Illinois. He had pleaded guilty to a 1982 double murder in Chicago, then recanted.
Anthony Porter was convicted of murdering two people in Washington Park in August 1982 and was sentenced to death. Porter's execution date was delayed when his attorneys raised questions about his mental competency. While that issue was pending, Simon gave a videotaped statement to Paul Ciolino, a private investigator working with Northwestern University's Medill Innocence Project, confessing to the same murders that were the basis for Porter's conviction.
A copy of the Simon video was sent to the Cook County state's attorney's office soon after it was taken and viewed by the top supervisors in the office. After seeing the video and discussing it, I concluded that our office should undertake an immediate reinvestigation of the Washington Park murders and that we should allow Porter an opportunity to be out on bail while the investigation took place. No one was prepared to conclude that Porter was innocent and Simon guilty based on the video, but there clearly were questions about Porter's guilt that had to be resolved.
Porter appeared before a judge and was granted bail. The reinvestigation began promptly under the direction of Thomas Gainer, a well-respected prosecutor experienced in reviewing cases involving a possible wrongful conviction. The investigation lasted for several weeks. During that time Gainer interviewed, among others, Simon's wife, who stated that he had admitted the murders to her.
The prosecutors also presented evidence to the grand jury about the case — not only evidence pointing toward Simon but also evidence implicating Porter. After reviewing the evidence, the grand jury indicted Simon for the murders.
During the investigation, Simon was represented by an attorney named Jack Rimland. There has been criticism of Rimland because of his alleged ties to Ciolino, the private investigator who took Simon's videotaped statement. Whatever the merits of those concerns, they were not made known to Gainer, who knew Rimland as an experienced defense attorney hardly considered a pushover.
"I'm not here to criticize my predecessor," said Cook County State's Attorney Anita Alvarez Thursday, speaking to reporters about her dramatic decision to release prison inmate Alstory Simon.
Simon decided to plead guilty to the murders. His motives and reasoning for doing so were not shared with our office. He appeared in court to enter his plea and did so after being questioned and given the required admonitions about the consequences of his actions by Thomas Fitzgerald, the presiding judge of the criminal division — a man widely respected by both prosecutors and defense attorneys, as evidenced by his subsequent election to the Illinois Supreme Court.
During his appearance before Fitzgerald, Simon affirmed that he was responsible for the Washington Park murders. He also turned to the family of one of the victims and apologized for what he had done.
Some time after Simon's plea and sentencing, he retained new attorneys who mounted a vigorous campaign challenging his plea, directing most of their attacks against the Innocence Project, Ciolino and Rimland. Simon's attorneys also noted that there might have been some ulterior motive for the actions of the prosecutors, implying that pursuing Simon was somehow designed to help preserve the death penalty in Illinois.
Who killed Marilyn Green and Jerry Hillard?
In 1983, Cook County prosecutors were sure it was Anthony Porter who had gunned down the teenagers near a swimming pool in Washington Park — sure enough to gain a speedy conviction and send him to death row.
Frankly, that argument makes no sense. Porter was the one on death row. Charging someone else with the crime that put him there was hardly an action that added support for the death penalty. In fact, the Porter case was cited many times as one of the reasons for abolishing capital punishment in Illinois.
The reality is that prosecutors were presented with evidence that someone other than Porter was responsible for the Washington Park murders. We would have been derelict in our duties and rightly criticized if we had ignored that evidence. We did not. We immediately began an investigation and presented the evidence to a grand jury. Simon, represented by counsel, pleaded guilty to the murders. To my knowledge, at no time after the investigation began and before he was sentenced did Simon claim he was innocent of the crime or that his attorney was not representing his interests.
I understand the frustration of those who, like Eric Zorn, wish to hold someone accountable for the strange twists and turns of this case. But there is another frustration that has not been mentioned.
Simon's claim that his guilty plea was unfounded and his subsequent release came long after Porter was freed and leaves no one responsible under the law for the tragic deaths of Jerry Hillard and Marilyn Green in Washington Park.
Was there evidence pointing to Porter? There was. But there was also evidence pointing to Simon, and Simon pleaded guilty. He did so long after giving the statement to Ciolino and did so in open court before a respected criminal court judge. Simon's delayed claim of innocence revived the issues of conflicting evidence and left neither Simon nor Porter legally responsible for the murders.
There can be honest differences of opinion about who was responsible for the Washington Park murders, but there should not be any issue about the need to investigate Simon's role in the murders or the professionalism of the prosecutors in conducting that investigation.
Richard A. Devine, a lawyer in private practice, was the Cook County state's attorney from 1996 to 2008.


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This episode of the series "En Francais" from October 7, 1984, features the first part of Amanda LaFleur's profile of St. Martin Parish, Louisiana. She first takes a boat tour of the Atchafalaya Basin with Dwight Angelle from Whiskey River Landing in Henderson. LaFleur then interviews Murphy Angelle, who discusses his life around the Atchafalaya Basin. Lastly, she interviews Henderson Mayor Pat Huval, the owner of Pat's Fisherman's Wharf Restaurant. He discusses the history of the town and their popular seafood restaurants.


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text:
Breaking News Countries News
Iran refuses US offer of aid
Burası Bizim Mekan Reis
Iran's Supreme Leader has rejected America's offer of aid to help the country with its battle against coronavirus.
In a televised speech, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei said the US was Iran's "most evil enemy" and hinted at a conspiracy theory, also voiced by some Chinese officials, that America was responsible for the pandemic.
"I do not know how real this accusation is but when it exists, who in their right mind would trust you to bring them medication?" Mr Khamenei said. "Possibly your medicine is a way to spread the virus more."
Without offering any evidence, he also alleged that the virus "is specifically built for Iran using the genetic data of Iranians which they have obtained through different means".
Other Iranian officials have also accused America of hypocrisy for offering aid while refusing to lift heavy sanctions.
Iran has become one of the worst-hit countries in the world since the coronavirus outbreak began, and it has recorded the highest number of cases in the Middle East – more than 21,600. The official death toll has also risen to 1,685. But there are concerns that the actual number of infections and deaths in Iran is higher.
Today, French medical charity MSF said it was establishing a 50-bed emergency centre in Iran's Isfahan province to assist with relief efforts. Alongside Britain and Germany, France is already contributing a medical aid package to Iran, amid rising political tensions.
South Africa: 'Our children are dying, but President Ramaphosa doesn't care' →
Indonesian plans $8.6bn infection bailout for state firms
Egyptian police pursue man who attempted to lead Eid petitions
Philippines 276 new coronavirus cases reports, 10 additional passings


This is the only book-length history covering the period after 1680 (to 1876), when the majority Synod of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland merged with the Free Church of Scotland.
The history after 1822, when the Auchensaugh Renovation was removed as a term of communion, merely chronicles the wholesale backsliding of the church and eventual split in 1863; from which a majority emerged which joined with the Free Church of Scotland in 1876.
A remnant of the minority of the Reformed Presbyterian Church of Scotland still exists, however they never returned to the original position of the church from which it began to depart in 1822 (with the removal of the Auchensaugh bond -- which bond is the Auchensaugh Renovation).
This book is a fine illustration of the "footsteps of the flock," (as seen in the Protesters [paleopresbyterians] and their spiritual posterity), during the period of which it deals, while at the same time serving as a clear warning to those who have declined from Reformation attainments (i.e. the Resolutioners [neopresbyterians] and those who continue their deformation of the faith).
"By the National Covenant our Fathers laid Popery prostrate. By the Solemn League and Covenant they were successful in resisting prelatic encroachments and civil tyranny. By it they were enabled to achieve the Second Reformation... They were setting up landmarks by which the location and limits of the city of God will be known at the dawn of the millennial day... How can they be said to go forth by the footsteps of the flock, who have declined from the attainments, renounced the covenants and contradicted the testimony of 'the cloud of witnesses.'... All the schisms (separations) that disfigure the body mystical of Christ... are the legitimate consequences of the abandonment of reformation attainments -- the violation of covenant engagements."
Understanding where the faithful covenanted servants of Christ have been historically, not only helps individuals to separate between truly constituted churches and the those that are false (because they have constitutionally backslidden from Reformation attainments); but is a necessary component to the keeping the fifth commandment, as the Reformed Presbytery has pointed out, "Nor otherwise can a Christian know the time or place of his birth, or the persons whom God commands him to honor as his father and mother, than by uninspired testimony; and the same is true of his covenant obligation, if baptized in infancy.
Against all who ignorantly or recklessly reject or oppose history as a bond of fellowship, in the family, in the state, but especially in the church, we thus enter our solemn and uncompromising protest" (Excerpted from: The Act, Declaration and Testimony for the Whole of Our Covenanted Reformation... by the Reformed Presbytery, pp. 177-178 -- a SWRB rare bound photocopy , reprinted 1995 from the 1876 edition).
Apart, however, from their testimony in regard to this evil and danger, resulting from a Civil Government in which Prelacy was continued as an essential element, those who dissented from the Revolution Settlement, and from whom the Reformed Presbyterian Church arose, were animated with an earnest zeal for the maintenance of religious ordinances. They strove to exist as a Church, and how far they succeeded, and what difficulties they had to surmount in the attempt, is the interesting story recorded in this volume" (pp. v-vi).
In summary, this book (of 464 pages) is a one-of-a-kind chronicle of an integral part of the history of the battle for the "Crown Rights and Royal Prerogatives of the Lord Jesus Christ."
Click the button below to add the The Reformed Presbyterian Church in Scotland: Its Origin and History, 1680-1876 by Matthew Hutchison to your wish list.


Our new stock finally arrived yesterday. We are literally boxed-in, with a full complement of sizes again and very sore arms!
Admittedly, we were a little tetchy as we needed supply for Your Horse Live this weekend and to fulfil our many pre-orders. Thankfully our courier service made it just on time. So, while half of us are at Stoneleigh Park, Warwickshire the other half are boxed-in, surrounded by boots and tape to ensure orders are sent out as quickly as possible.
The online shop has now been amended to show there is full availability.
If you are at Your Horse Live this weekend please come and visit Rudds at Stand M168. We had a great time last year and this year's show promises unmissable entertainment and unbeatable shopping.
Next weekend we are at Loseley Park Christmas Fair, Guildford. We haven't had the pleasure of doing this fair previously but are very much looking forward to getting into the festive spirit. Hopefully there'll be some Prosecco on hand to compliment an amazing shopping experience.
Following that we will be at Burghley House Christmas Fair from November 23-26. Having been at the Horse Trials earlier in the year this promises be a fabulous event and a great opportunity to get some Rudds in for Christmas.
Please keep an eye on our Shows and Events page and follow social media to find out where we will be next. We are very much looking forward to the London Horse Show at Olympia 12-18 December having had to forgo the opportunity last year.
We are still lucky enough to have the pop-up shop in Salcombe. If you're heading our way please pay a visit. We love this time of year. All the leaves are brown and the sky is grey. But we love it.


If you've been following Mashable over the past 24 hours, chances are you know pretty much everything you possibly could about the iPhone 5. But you really don't know anything until you've heard this song. Set to a funky track that sounds like an Eminem beat, jazzman Paul the Trombonist raps and recites all the iPhone 5's key traits and specs.
Paul, you'll remember, is also the man who brought the world the techie hit "Playing With Your Phone While Sitting on the Toilet" last February. Check out his latest offering above, and let us know what you think in the comments.


Abstract: From its inception in the autumn of 2008, of the Dispute Resolution Section's Pro-Bono Mediation Project represented the best type of collaboration between members of the Dispute Resolution Section and community organizations, one designed to improve the lives of the citizens of North Carolina through the use of alternative dispute resolution. Every option explored and decision made was done in the spirit of the 4ALL Campaign. Those involved have the leadership of the North Carolina Bar Association to thank for their vision and lead-ership in implementing such an innovative and needed project.
Hayes, S. (2008). Examining the Dispute Resolution Section Pro Bono Mediation Project: Lessons learned and a plan for the future. Dispute Resolution. 23(1), 5-7.
New nurse transitions: a qualitative study of perceived difficulties http://hdl.handle.net/10342/4304 The described resource references, cites, or otherwise points to the related resource.


So, we are delighted that they have taken the step of adding further investment toward in-house tooling capability for custom profiles to suit specialist enclosures, automotive applications, agricultural equipment, construction equipment, railside housings and similar.
Custom capability includes custom materials for medical use, fire protection and HVACR (e.g. VDI 6022 covering hygiene standards including biological protection, for example against Legionnaires disease).
Custom profiles cover hollow sections, expanded foam, solid sections, filling sections, multi-component designs, multi-materials for complex gaskets, seamless production with steel spines and vulcanised pre-assembled frames for quick-fit installation.
These extruded sections provide a simple and effective means of aiding customers in sealing to common IP ratings such as IP44, IP55, IP65, IP66 protecting against ingress of dust or liquids when installed face-to-face between a door and cabinet frame. Other sections install edge-to-face and yet others seal inspection windows or provide a wiping action. Paint protection and compensation of varying gap thicknesses are further important uses for gasket sections.


text:
BGP Configuration for Large Networks
iBGP with loopback addresses
Propagating loopback and next hop addresses
Route reflectors
Where to originate prefixes
Filtering announcements
Home Knowledge Base BGP Configuration for Large Networks
Implementing BGP has many benefits: it becomes possible to use multiple ISPs at the same time, augment transit service from an ISP with peering with other networks and isolation from problems in ISP networks. If, when using multiple ISPs, one ISP goes down, most of the time BGP automatically reroutes traffic over the other ISP(s). And if an ISP doesn't deliver the desired performance, connecting to another one is just a matter of getting the physical connection in place and a few lines in a router configuration—no renumbering of servers and other systems necessary.
Usually, when an organization implements its first BGP configuration, they do this by putting two BGP routers at the edge of their network. Of course just one BGP router would also work, but the second one is required in case the first one fails. The existing internal network is usually left running as before, typically using OSPF routing. This makes for a very simple BGP setup, where each router has the requisite filters to make sure only the network's own IP address block(s) are advertised to the outside world over eBGP (external BGP), an all of one iBGP (internal BGP) session between the two BGP routers. Adding a third and maybe even a fourth router in the same location doesn't change that picture very much.
However, things do get more complex in networks that span multiple locations and have routers that communicate with other networks over eBGP in more than one location. In those networks, it's important to think about the following:
Using iBGP with loopback addresses
Making sure all routers know next hop and loopback addresses
Whether to use route reflectors rather than an iBGP full mesh
Where and how to filter announcements
When a network only has two BGP routers and those routers are connected using a connection that is very unlikely to go down, the most straightforward iBGP setup is to simply configure it much the same as an eBGP session: by using the interface address of the other router as the neighbor address, as displayed in Figure 1.
Figure 1: an iBGP session using interface addresses in a small network.
However, in a larger network the BGP routers typically don't sit right next to each other so it can simply be assumed that the link between them never goes down. Suppose that in the network in Figure 2 the link between routers 1 and 3 goes down. This means that address 10.0.1.1 on router 1 and address 10.0.1.2 on router 3 are no longer reachable, so all iBGP sessions to and from those addresses go down, even though routers 1 and 3 can still communicate by going through routers 2 and 4.
Figure 2: iBGP sessions using interface addresses in a larger network
By using loopback addresses as the source and destination of iBGP sessions, there is no longer any dependency on a particular interface of a router. This may seem strange, as hosts always use the loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 (IPv4) and ::1 (IPv6). On a host, the loopback address is used for applications to talk to other applications running on the local system. However, on routers, loopback interfaces have a regular address, which can be used for management and control communication.
The difference between a loopback address and the address configured on a regular interface is that the loopback address is always up, while an interface address becomes unreachable when the interface it's configured on goes down. Because loopback interfaces don't connect to anything, it's possible to configure them with an individual /32 (IPv4) or /128 (IPv6) address. However, in order for remote systems to reach a loopback address, it must be injected into an interior routing protocol such as OSPF.
So in Figure 3, if the link between routers 1 and 3 goes down, the iBGP session (and all data packets between routers 1 and 3) will flow through routers 2 and 4. When the link between routers 1 and 3 comes back up and then the link between routers 2 and 4 goes down, the iBGP packets as well as data packets between routers 1 and 3 fill flow over the direct link, and now the communication between routers 2 and 4 will also make use of that path.
Figure 3: iBGP sessions using loopback addresses
On a Cisco router, the configuration to use iBGP between loopback addresses would look like this:
interface Loopback0
ip address 192.0.2.1 255.255.255.255
neighbor ibgp peer-group
neighbor ibgp remote-as 65000
neighbor ibgp update-source Loopback0
neighbor 192.0.2.2 peer-group ibgp
The loopback interface gets IP address 192.0.2.1/32. The peergroup ibgp is configured to use the same AS number for the remote routers as the local AS number; this makes the BGP sessions in question iBGP sessions. The update-source line makes sure the router will use the address of the loopback interface as the source address in outgoing BGP updates. Three neighbors inherit the settings configured for the peergroup ibgp.
The configuration above needs one additional thing: other routers in the network need to know where to send their packets for each router's loopback address in order to set up their iBGP sessions. This is accomplished by running an internal routing protocol such as OSPF and then redistributing those loopback addresses into that routing protocol.
eBGP, on the other hand, normally runs between addresses on opposite sides of a shared subnet, and as such each router knows where to send packets addressed to the other by virtue of being connected to that same subnet. However, there is a complication: when a prefix learned over eBGP is propagated over iBGP, its next hop address isn't changed.
For instance, consider Figure 4. Router 1 and the ISP router share the 172.31.0.x subnet, so router 1 can reach the ISP router's address 172.31.0.1 without the help from an interior routing protocol. The prefixes router 1 receives from the ISP router then have 172.31.0.1 as their next hop address, which obviously doesn't pose any issues for router 1. However, when router 1 propagates these prefixes to router 2 over iBGP, they'll still have next hop address 172.31.0.1, and router 2 doesn't have a route to that address.
Figure 4: eBGP and iBGP
There are two ways to solve this. The first option is to configure next-hop-self on router 1 for the iBGP session towards router 2. Router 1 will then replace the next hop address with its own address (10.0.0.1 in this case) so router 2 doesn't need to know where the address of the ISP router goes. The other option is to redistribute the subnet used between the ISP router and router 1 into the interior routing protocol. Router 2 then knows where packets for 172.31.0.1 go, and thus, where packets for destinations with 172.31.0.1 as their next hop address go.
Note: as networks grow larger and more complex, using next-hop-self becomes less preferred because it can further complicate already complex networks, for instance, by making traffic flow through a route reflector unnecessarily. So in general, it's better to redistribute next hop addresses into the interior routing protocol.
Assuming the routers already run OSPF, the following configuration will redistribute connected subnets in OSPF:
router ospf 1
redistribute connected subnets
By default, redistributed routes appear in OSPF as "external type 2" (E2).
To avoid loops, BGP routers are only allowed to learn prefixes over iBGP from the router that advertises them or learned them over eBGP. As a result, every BGP router must have an iBGP session with every other BGP router in the network. In other words: there must be a full mesh of iBGP sessions. In networks with hundreds of routers, maintaining so many iBGP sessions can become a problem. However, long before the router's CPUs get overloaded with iBGP processing, the iBGP full mesh requirement becomes problematic when adding new routers, as this requires configuring all existing routers with a new iBGP session.
There are two ways to avoid the iBGP full mesh requirement: confederations and route reflectors. Confederations split an Autonomous System (AS) into sub-ASes where the full mesh requirement only applies within each sub-AS. However, confederations have fallen out of use. Route reflectors propagate information learned over one iBGP session over other iBGP sessions, implementing additional logic to make sure there can't be any loops. In a network with route reflectors, there are three types of BGP routers:
Route reflector clients
Non-client peers
To further complicate matters, there can be a hierarchy of route reflectors, where a route reflector is in turn a client of another route reflector. However, the configuration is very straightforward:
neighbor rrclients peer-group
neighbor rrclients remote-as 65000
neighbor rrclients update-source Loopback0
neighbor rrclients route-reflector-client
neighbor 192.0.2.2 peer-group rrclients
In this configuration, neighbors 192.0.2.2 and 192.0.2.3 are members of the rrclients peergroup, and thus the route-reflector-client statement applies to them, making them route reflector clients. Neighbor 192.0.2.4 and 192.0.2.5 are in the regular ibgp peergroup and are not route reflector clients. They may be route reflectors themselves, or they can be non-client peers.
Note: the route-reflector-client keyword on an iBGP session makes the router on the other end of that iBGP session a route reflector client. The client itself doesn't know that it's a route reflector client and doesn't change its behavior.
In this setup, the iBGP full mesh requirement still applies to non-clients 192.0.2.4 and 192.0.2.5, so these still need to have an iBGP session towards each other. The route reflector will propagate iBGP information from the other iBGP routers to 192.0.2.2 and 192.0.2.3, so these routers don't require iBGP sessions with any other BGP routers. However, it's fine for these routers to have additional iBGP sessions, it's just that they don't need to have iBGP sessions to the rest of the BGP routers anymore. In practice, each BGP router should be served by at least two route servers, so when something goes wrong with one route server, the clients don't get disconnected from the iBGP cloud.
It's important to give some consideration to the placement of route reflectors. Suppose that in the network in Figure 3 routers 1 and 2 are route reflectors. Router 3 now wants to send packets to a destination that is reachable over eBGP through both router 1 and router 4. Router 4 is in the same location as router 3, so under normal circumstances, the shorter internal path towards router 4 would make the path through router 4 more preferred, assuming that the local preference, AS path length and MED are all the same. However, to router 1, its own external path is preferred over the path through router 4. So in its capacity as a route reflector, router 1 will propagate its own external path to router 3, effectively hiding the path through router 4. And as a result the packets will travel a longer path across the internal network than would be the case without route reflectors or the case where router 3 has an iBGP session to a local route reflector.
Note: as such, it's best to have at least one route reflector be local to the route reflector clients and/or have route reflectors in all locations that have external connectivity.
In a network with just two BGP routers, both BGP routers announce all prefixes. They also originate all prefixes. To originate a prefix means that a BGP router is configured to inject a prefix into BGP. It will then announce that prefix over all its iBGP sessions. On its eBGP sessions, a router will advertise/announce all of the network's prefixes (assuming no filters are in place to prevent this). It doesn't matter whether those prefixes are originated by the router itself, or the prefixes are originated by another router and propagated to other routers in the AS over iBGP. Originating prefixes is typically done using network statements with a little help from a null0 route:
network 10.0.64.0 mask 255.255.252.0
ip route 10.0.64.0 255.255.252.0 null0
Note: a Cisco router won't originate a route unless that route is present in its routing table. A static route pointing to the null0 interface accomplishes this.
Advertising a route happens automatically as long as there are no filters in place to prevent it from happening.
When a network has two BGP routers and they both originate all of the networks prefixes, then if router 1 goes down, router 2 still anounces the network's prefix(es) and if router 2 goes down, router 1 still announces the prefix(es). But in a network that spans multiple locations, it's important to consider the best place to originate prefixes. Suppose the network in Figure 3 has a single prefix 10.0.64.0/22. The first half of this prefix (10.0.64.0/23) is used in location A and the second half (10.0.66.0/23) in location B. All the routers originate and announce 10.0.64.0/22 in BGP.
But now the connection between locations A and B goes down. This means that when a packet arrives at router 1 or router 2 to an address in 10.0.66.0/23, that packet can't be delivered to its destination. The same for when a packet to an address in 10.0.64.0/23 that arrives at routers 3 or 4.
One solution is to have the addresses used in location A originated in BGP by routers in location A and addresses used in location B by routers in location B. So routers 1 and 2 would originate 10.0.64.0/23 while routers 3 and 4 originate 10.0.66.0/23. Under normal circumstances the announcements will propagate over iBGP so all routers announce both prefixes. The difference is that when the connection between the two locations goes down, the 10.0.64.0/23 prefix doesn't reach routers 3 and 4 so those stop announcing it to their eBGP neighbors and 10.0.66.0/23 doesn't reach routers 1 and 2 and thus their eBGP neighbors. As a result, packets won't end up in the wrong locations so each location can still independently connect to destinations across the internet.
With one exception: even though both locations are connected to the internet, they won't be able to talk to each other. The reason for this is that when both locations use the same AS number, routers 1 and 2 will see their own AS number for the 10.0.66.0/23 prefix advertised by routers 3 and 4 when it arrives over eBGP, which makes BGP think there's a routing loop. So to avoid problems, BGP ignores all prefixes learned over eBGP with the local AS number in the AS path.
One way to solve this is with a default route. Or by static routes towards one or more ISPs for the prefixes used in the other location. However, in this case the static route must have a higher administrative distance than that of BGP, or the static routes will overrule the BGP routes when the connection between both locations is up.
The administrative distance is a value that allows a router to select a route when the same prefix is present in more than one routing protocol. By default, OSPF has a distance of 110. Routes learned over eBGP have a distance of 20, lower than that of (nearly) all other routing protocols, while routes learned over iBGP have a distance of 200, higher than all other routing protocols. So a good distance value for a floating static route (one that normally isn't used but becomes active when other routes disappear) would be 250, and is configured as follows:
ip route 10.0.64.0 255.255.254.0 172.20.0.1 250
Another way to solve this problem is with a tunnel such as a GRE (generic routing encapsulation) tunnel or a VPN tunnel between both locations. Of course in that case it's important to use addresses for the tunnel endpoints that are always reachable, i.e., not the network's own 10.0.64.0/22 prefix in our example. A complication with tunnels is that they reduce the maximum packet size. In theory, path MTU discovery (PMTUD) should automatically reduce packet sizes, but in practice this often leads to complications.
Selectively advertising prefixes in each location is also predicated on the assumption that it's possible to group the addresses in each location into a number of prefixes that can be independently advertised in BGP. If the network only has a single /24, this won't be possible as a /24 is the smallest block that is generally accepted in BGP. Or maybe the second location only uses a /26. It's also possible for subnets to span multiple locations. In these situations, BGP can't help keep things running when the link between locations goes down. Or perhaps the added complexity required to allow BGP to do this isn't considered worth it.
Obviously, it's helpful to make the connection between locations as robust as possible, perhaps using two independently routed connections. With that in place, it can be a reasonable choice to only announce prefixes in the most important location so the secondary location becomes unreachable when the link between locations goes down—even though the secondary location may still have BGP sessions with one or more ISPs. But because the network's prefix or prefixes are injected in BGP in the other location and the iBGP sessions are down, the BGP routers in the secondary location simply have nothing to announce and thus won't receive any incoming traffic.
Figure 5: Main location C with satellite locations A and B for handling eBGP
Another possibility is the situation shown in Figure 5, where a network has its infrastructure in location C where there aren't any eBGP connections available, and then uses internal links to two or more satellite locations where it connects to external networks. In this case, it's best to have two BGP routers that originate the network's prefixes in location C, even though there are no connections to external networks in location C. These BGP routers can be relatively modest, as they don't necessarily need to handle any traffic if other devices, perhaps switches and/or firewalls, already handle that. Their sole purpose is to handle the BGP announcements.
The reason to have routers 3 and 4 originate the prefixes is that when the link to location A goes down but router 1 is still connected to external networks, router 1 will automatically stop announcing the network's prefixes and traffic will start flowing through location B because router 2 still receives the announcements over iBGP from routers 3 and 4 and propagates them over eBGP. The same when the link to location B is down but the link to location A is up.
When peering over an Internet Exchange, it's common to have one or more routers that just handle Internet Exchange peering while other routers handle connections to one or more ISPs for the traffic that can't be exchanged over peering. In those cases, the Internet Exchange routers should never originate any prefixes. In general, when a location only has one or more routers for the purpose of connecting to the outside world, without any servers or users or anything else connected, then prefixes shouldn't be originated from that location.
In the simple two-router BGP setup, filtering announcements is very straightforward: each router is configured with the required filters. It's recommended to have two filters, one that only allows the network's own prefixes in outgoing eBGP updates, and one that only allows AS paths with just the network's AS number:
neighbor 172.19.0.1 remote-as 65065
neighbor 172.19.0.1 filter-list 2 out
neighbor 172.19.0.1 prefix-list export out
ip as-path access-list 2 permit ^$
ip prefix-list export permit 10.0.64.0/22
In this example, AS path access list 2 only permits empty AS paths. All prefixes received over eBGP have an AS path one or more ASes in it, so those prefixes aren't allowed in outgoing updates. Prefixes originated in the local AS have an empty AS path at the time the filter is applied, the local AS number is added to the AS path between the moment the filter is applied and the moment the update is transmitted over eBGP. The prefix list named export only allows the locally originated /22.
Both the AS path filter list and the prefix list specify what's allowed and then end, depending on the "implicit deny" property of Cisco access lists: everything that is not explicitly allowed by an access list is denied.
Having both access lists in place provides protection against the situation where one of the filters doesn't function properly. This way, it's possible to update a filter by pasting a new one to the router's command line as follows:
no ip prefix-list export
Note: during the moment or two that the export prefix list isn't present (even though it's referenced in the BGP section of the configuration), all updates are allowed through.
With two filters present, the AS path access list still makes sure no improper updates leak out to the rest of the world while the modified prefix list is being pasted into the configuration. And yes, without a second filter, that does happen. If the BGP neighbor has a prefix limit applied to the session, the updates that slip through can easily be enough to trigger the maximum prefix limit so it's necessary to ask the other side to clear the session manually. So when only a single filter is present, be sure to use a more conservative way to modify filters; i.e., by adding/removing individual lines rather than replacing the entire filter.
However, in larger networks having an outgoing AS path access list as well as an outgoing prefix list comes problematic. In really large networks, those filters may become unmanageably large. But even in medium-sized networks, having to reconfigure all routers when a new prefix gets added quickly becomes problematic. This is especially true in ISP networks where new customers often bring new prefixes and new ASes that should be allowed by the filters.
An alternative to enumerating all ASes and prefixes that are allowed is to tag all prefixes that should be advertised with a community and then filter on that community on outgoing eBGP sessions. This is a little more complex initially, but the big advantage is that it's only necessary to filter prefixes on the routers where they're originated or are learned over eBGP. This means the configurations of all other routers remain unchanged when a new prefix is added.
This is the configuration for a router that originates a prefix:
network 10.0.64.0 mask 255.255.252.0 route-map set-self
route-map set-self permit 10
set community 65000:1
The network statement refers to a route map named set-self, which applies the community 65000:1 to the prefix as it's injected into BGP. Communities are 32-bit numbers, which are generally expressed as two 16-bit decimal numbers with a colon between them. It's best practice to use either the network's (16-bit) AS number or a private AS number as the first value, to avoid clashing with the community values used by other networks and potentially triggering unintended actions.
This is the configuration applied to a customer's BGP session:
neighbor 198.51.100.2 remote-as 64999
neighbor 198.51.100.2 route-map custa-in in
neighbor 198.51.100.2 filter-list 19 out
neighbor 198.51.100.2 prefix-list custa-pfx in
ip as-path access-list 19 permit ^(64999_)+$
ip prefix-list custa-pfx permit 172.29.0.0/16
route-map custa-in permit 10
set local-preference 200
set community 65000:2 additive
Because typically, ISPs don't do much filtering on the peering sessions between them, it's of paramount importance for ISPs to make sure they only allow legitimate advertisements from their customers. So here, once again two filters are used: an AS path filter list and a prefix list make sure only the prefixes that belong to the customer are accepted. The AS path filter list uses a regular expression that matches the beginning of the AS path (the ^ character) followed by the customer's AS number a space: 64999_. That sequence is put between parentheses so the + character applies to the entire sequence, allowing it to be present one or more times. Then the $ character marks the end of the AS path, so there is no room for any other AS numbers. In other words: the customer may announce prefixes with an AS path that contains the customer's own AS number one or more times, but no other AS numbers.
The prefix list allows two prefixes. If a prefix is allowed by both the AS path filter and the prefix list, the route map custa-in is applied, which applies the community 65000:2 to the prefix. The additive keyword preserves the community values that were already present. The route map also sets the local preference to 200, so routes received directly from the customer are always preferred over the same prefixes learned from other ISPs.
At this point, the BGP table holds prefixes with community 65000:1 that are originated within the network itself and prefixes with community 65000:2 that were learned from customers. The following BGP configuration allows these prefixes to be advertised to external (non-customer) networks. This configuration is the same on all the network's routers, whether those routers originate prefixes or learn prefixes from customers or not.
neighbor 172.19.0.1 route-map strip-comm in
neighbor 172.19.0.1 route-map allow-out out
ip community-list standard del-comm permit 65000:1
ip community-list standard allowed-out-deny deny 65000:1
ip community-list standard allowed-out-deny permit
route-map strip-comm permit 10
set comm-list del-comm delete
route-map allow-out deny 10
match community allowed-out-deny
route-map allow-out permit 20
In this configuration, the BGP session with AS 65065 is configured with two route maps: one that is applied to incoming updates and one that is applied to outgoing updates. The incoming one is simple enough: it uses the community list filter "del-comm" to match the communities 65000:1 and 65000:2 that are used to tag the network's own and the network's customer routes. If those communities are present, they're removed from the prefixes received from AS 65065. This way, nothing unexpected happens should those communities be applied elsewhere by accident or maliciously.
The route map allow-out is a bit more unusual, as it uses deny 10 for the first clause rather than the expected permit 10. The match then points towards the allowed-out-deny community list. There, things get a bit tricky, because here the communities that should actually be allowed are denied, while all prefixes that don't have either of these communities on them are permitted. But because this is a deny route map clause, the prefixes matched in the match section are actually denied and filtered out. The prefixes denied in the community list have now encountered a double negative and are therefore permitted to progress further.
Of course the same effect could have been achieved with a regular permit route map and a deny community filter… Except that in that case, a match would simply have allowed the prefixes to be advertised—with no opportunity to apply any further route map actions. In this example, the prefixes that survive the deny 10 clause (because they have the 65000:1 or 65000:2 community) go on to the permit 20 clause. There, the 65000:1 and 65000:2 communities are removed because the rest of the internet doesn't have any use for them. At this point, it's also possible to apply additional actions, such as setting the Multi Exit Discriminator or performing AS path prepending.
Note that the above only applies to outgoing filters on BGP sessions to other networks. There are also two other types of filters that are important: incoming filters on BGP sessions and outgoing filters on router interfaces.
Although ISPs advertise connectivity to the entire world in BGP, there are two types of prefixes that are best filtered out from ISPs and peering partners: the network's own prefixes and Internet Exchange prefixes. By accepting more specific routes towards its own address space, a network may be tricked into sending traffic for internal destinations towards an external network. And accepting more specific routes for an Internet Exchange peering LAN leaves a network vulnerable to mistakes that may take down its peering sessions. As such, it's best to filter out these prefixes and all more specific sub-prefixes:
ip prefix-list import deny 10.0.64.0/22 le 32
ip prefix-list import permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 24
This filter filters out the 10.0.64.0/22 prefix as well as all longer (more specific) prefixes that fall within that /22, such as 10.0.64.0/23, 10.0.66.0/23, 10.0.64.0/24, 10.0.65.0/24 and so on. It then permits all prefixes as long as the prefix length is at least (le = less or equal) 24 bits.
So it's still a good idea to have a filter like this on all non-customer eBGP sessions, which means that all routers must be reconfigured when new prefixes are added to the network. However, this doesn't have to happen immediately: everything still works without updating this filter, it's just that the protection against one (rare) type of attack isn't in place yet.
Note: customer prefixes should not be filtered in this manner. If the connection to a customer goes down, the customer's prefixes may legitimately arrive through one of the customer's other ISPs.
On the interfaces that connect to ISPs and peering partners, it's best practice to only allow outgoing packets with source addresses that belong to the network. So if a computer connected to the network sends out packets with spoofed source addresses, those packets aren't propagated to the rest of the internet. (See BCP 38.) However, these anti-spoofing filters don't have to be applied at the edge of the network. They can also be applied on the interfaces that receive packets from servers or users.
As BGP networks grow, they inevitably get more complex. But with some careful planning, it's possible keep a larger BGP network functioning in a straightforward manner so unnecessary extra work and mistakes can be minimized.
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text:
package testesDeUnidadeServices;

import static junit.framework.Assert.assertTrue;
import static junit.framework.Assert.assertEquals;

import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.br.uepb.dao.LoginDAO;
import com.br.uepb.dao.PacienteDAO;
import com.br.uepb.model.LoginDomain;
import com.br.uepb.model.PacienteDomain;

public class PersistenciaPacienteTests {

	private int ultimoPaciente;

	@Test
	public void criarPacienteTest() {
		PacienteDAO pacienteDAO = new PacienteDAO();
		PacienteDomain novoPaciente = new PacienteDomain();

		novoPaciente.setNome("João Lopes");
		novoPaciente.setEndereco("Rua Coronel Falamansa");
		novoPaciente.setCidade("Arco Verde");
		novoPaciente.setSexo("M");
		novoPaciente.setTelefoneCasa("8335640298");

		pacienteDAO.salvaPaciente(novoPaciente);

		assertTrue(novoPaciente.getId() > 0);
		ultimoPaciente = novoPaciente.getId();
	}

	@Test
	public void associarPacienteLogin(){
		PacienteDAO pacienteDAO = new PacienteDAO();
		LoginDAO loginDAO = new LoginDAO();
		PacienteDomain novoPaciente = new PacienteDomain();
		novoPaciente.setNome("João Lopes");
		novoPaciente.setEndereco("Rua Coronel Falamansa");
		novoPaciente.setCidade("Arco Verde");
		novoPaciente.setSexo("M");
		novoPaciente.setTelefoneCasa("8335640298");

		pacienteDAO.salvaPaciente(novoPaciente);
		ultimoPaciente = novoPaciente.getId();

		LoginDomain login = new LoginDomain();
		login.setLogin("jlopes");
		login.setSenha("senha123");
		login.setPaciente(novoPaciente);
//		novoPaciente.setLogin(login);
		pacienteDAO.salvaPaciente(novoPaciente);
		assertEquals(novoPaciente.getId(), login.getPaciente().getId());
	}

	@After
	public void limparDados(){
		PacienteDAO pacienteDAO = new PacienteDAO();
		PacienteDomain paciente = pacienteDAO.obtemPaciente(ultimoPaciente);
		if(paciente != null)
		pacienteDAO.excluiPaciente(paciente);
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub