NIST NCCoE releases Draft Special Publication 1800-12 for public comment.
The Federal Government utilizes PIV cards to securely authenticate and identify employees and contractors when granting access to federal facilities and information systems. PIV cards require the use of a smart card reader that is typically integrated in desktop and laptop computers. Increasingly, users are performing their work on mobile devices, such as cell phones and tablets, which lack smart card readers needed to authenticate users. External readers are available, but they are an additional cost and cumbersome to use. As a result, the mandate to use PIV systems has pushed for new means to extend into mobile devices to enforce the same security policies as on desktop and laptop computers.
The NCCoE identified an architecture that use common mobile device families to demonstrate the use of Derived PIV Credentials in a manner that meets security policies. This example implementation is documented as a NIST Cybersecurity Practice Guide, a how-to handbook that presents instructions to implement a DPC system using standards-based cybersecurity technology. This practice guide helps organizations to meet authentication standards and provide users access to the information they need using the devices the want without having to purchase expensive and cumbersome external smart card readers. Users of mobile devices are authenticated using secure cryptographic authentication exchanges using a public key infrastructure (PKI) with credentials derived from a PIV card ensuring that strict security policies are met.
Although the PIV program and the NCCoE Derived PIV Credentials project are primarily aimed at the federal sector's needs, both are relevant to mobile device users in the commercial sector using smart card-based credentials or other means of authenticating identity.


Edited by Denise Rosenzweig & Magdalena Rosenzweig.
San Francisco. Chronicle Books. 2008. First English language edition. Yellow paper-covered boards, dust jacket. 191 pages. Colour and b&w illustrations. 305 x 250mm (12 x 9¾"). 1.5kg. 9780811863445. English. Fine.
A record of the clothes and accessories of Frida Kahlo. In 2004, fifty years after her death, Kahlo's dressing room, which had been under lock and key, was finally opened. Inside was her personal collection of clothes, shoes, jewellery and headdresses. Self Portrait in a Velvet Dress illustrates these garmets for the first time alongside archival photographs of Kahlo and images of her paintings. The text examines the role of fashion in Kahlo's creativity and documents the restoration of the textiles.


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Eden Foods - Clinton, Michigan (Lenawee County) - Seeks regional Sales Managers in its Northeast and Midwest territories. Relationships and merchandising are the focus. Travel required. Knowledge of natural foods and experience required. Good work, good people, good food, good benefits.


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Tanaoctenia haliaria is a species of moth of the family Geometridae first described by Francis Walker in 1861. It is found in Taiwan, Nepal, China (Xizang), north-eastern India and Myanmar.

The wingspan is 31–45 mm.

References

Moths described in 1861
Ennominae

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


At Baystate Dental, we know that a majority of dental difficulties do not always arise in the course of our regular office hours. You must place your tooth in a clean plastic bag till you see your dentist. If the short-term crown is complete, use a dab of tooth paste or denture adhesive to replace the crown and safeguard the tooth till you reach our workplace. As quickly as their very first milk teeth appear, you can begin taking your kids to your dentist. If the bleeding does not quit, go to the hospital emergency area quickly. The notion of bringing healthcare out of hospitals or clinics directly to exactly where men and women live, function and go to college is not new even so, applying these ideas to modern dentistry in wide-scale practice is only beginning.
One of the most good dental offices I have been to and they were great with my spouse and his intense anxiousness about dental exams/ far more. I've been content with my knowledge at Rockwell Dentistry more than the previous handful of years. Initial off, its super duper clean (and sort of feels like you happen to be at the club because of the blue led light decor and white lounge furnishings). I was pleasantly shocked by my knowledge at this office as I identified them by means of an internet search. This form must not be used for dental emergencies, canceling appointments, billing concerns or remedy inquiries.
This workplace was fantastic and not only did I get an appointment quite swiftly, the front workplace staff was very polite and personable – as we all know, this is not constantly the case." in four testimonials. The health-related doctor also takes his/her time to clarify medical conditions to volunteers and often seek for your advice and input. Piece of Appliance Inhaled – Call 911 right away and go to the hospital emergency space for therapy. If you need an appointment inside the next 48 hrs please contact our surgery on (08) 9404 9500 to book.
This village is a neighborhood produced up of cured leprosy sufferers and their households. An appointment is not necessary for dental emergencies walk-ins are welcome. We accept walk-in appointments, but we do encourage you to contact for the best achievable time. With advancements in technologies, there are now a lot of ways to share the important tools of oral overall health – like x-rays and visual assessments – with professionals that may possibly be hundreds of miles away. We help families of kids with Asperger's Syndrome and autism spectrum problems.
When I asked the dental hygienist what she thought about that, she stated she did not know, it was her first day, and at her old dentist they gave out cookies in the lobby… three. Despite the fact that the front employees had been quite good and skilled, they had me fill out my intake forms on a tablet, which was pre-populated with other patients' demographic info. Our emergency dentists can only give a price estimate after you have been diagnosed and remedy alternatives are selected. However, I really feel horrible that I made her feel like that and far more horrible that it was due to the fact of me, these difficult workers had been getting backed up. Not after!


Ceramic coatings were prepared on the surface of AZ91D magnesium alloy by microarc oxidation technology. The effects of different voltages on morphology, phase composition and thickness of the coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD. The corrosion resistance of the coatings was measured by electrochemical workstation. Results indicated that the microarc oxidation coatings prepared in sodium silicate electrolyte exhibited porous surface and mainly comprised MgO, Mg2SiO4 and a small amount of MgAl2O4. The thickness of the oxide coatings increased rapidly with the increase of voltage. The coating prepared at 400V voltage had good electrochemical corrosion resistance in 3.5wt% NaCl solution.


How do you #Bulletproof your morning?? I make turmeric and ginger or matcha with my algae oil... Or both. I love coffee but it makes me zip zip zippy. However I am wondering about trying some decaf for the rich polyohenols.


Amber Garr: Day 5 in the U.K.
Day 5 in the U.K.
So I'm not in the UK...but it's Day 5 of my Bewtiching Book Tour and today Promises got a promo and an excerpt with Rachael at Rai29bookreadnreview in the UK. I absolutely LOVE the little grim reaper cartoon in the corner...super cool!
It's also finally Friday and my plan, although it may be ambitious, is to get another three or so chapters written this weekend in Arise. This book would have been done months ago if I would have had a few solid days in a row to write 24-7, but of course that has not been my life over the past several months. I'm so excited with what's happening...I just can't wait to get back to it!


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Dose Your Outsourcing Contract Effectively Address Minimum Wave Increases?
By Marcelo Espinosa
Does Your Outsourcing Contract Effectively Address Minimum Wage Increases?
More than a dozen states plus the District of Columbia hiked the minimum wage for 2017. If you're outsourcing o ce services, customer service or any other areas, the change can profoundly in uence your organization's daily operations.
Frankly, mishandling rising minimum wage can wreak havoc. Let's look at one example from my own backyard: Washington, D.C.
While the federal minimum wage has been $7.25 an hour since 2009, in D.C. it's scheduled to rise to $15 an hour by 2020. Don't get too comfortable if your organization is outside the beltway. We see $1-a-year minimum wage increases happening in other high-cost areas, too.
Let's say our hypothetical Washington, D.C. outsourced mailroom has rst-year associates working for $12 an hour. Their supervisor earns $14 an hour. Each year, the minimum wage is set to rise $1. By year two, the associate will be at $13 an hour. By year three, the associate and the supervisor will both be making similar wages.
If the vendor doesn't proactively budget then they won't be able to afford to raise the supervisor's salary. What happens? In most cases, the supervisor ends up doing a more stressful, complicated job for a similar wage as a first-year associate. The challenge then becomes keeping supervisors motivated, appreciated and fairly compensated for their management duties. Otherwise, it's likely morale, service levels and employee retention will decline—not what you signed up for!
Does your contract stipulate how minimum wage increases are managed by your outsourcing vendor? Is the vendor able to draw and retain talent while paying minimum wage?
Overtime Rule Uncertainty
I'll throw some more uncertainty into the mix: We don't know what's going to happen with the U.S. Department of Labor's overtime rule for white-collar employees. Will the Trump administration overturn the Obama administration's rule requiring salaried executive, administrative and professional employees who earn less than $913 a week ($47,476 per year) to qualify for overtime pay? Will we go back to the prior $455 per week ($23,660 per year) limit? Land somewhere in the middle?
Minimum Wage in Outsourced Services
Sometimes outsourcing contracts may address minimum wage increases by having the service provider raise the rate the client pays. Those provisions can be narrowly drafted to apply to only the lowest-paid employees or broad enough to include a pay bump for all employees.
No matter what happens, it's vital to be proactive and collaboratively discuss how minimum wage and overtime changes will be managed. These terms need to be incorporated into your agreement so you understand who is going to cover any mandated wage cost increases.
If you'd like to learn more about how to strategically structure outsourcing agreements so your on-site team is effectively compensated while maintaining a competitively priced contract, please do not hesitate to contact me at marcelo.espinosa@1rivet.com.
Marcelo Espinosa
1Rivet VP of Strategic Outsourcing
Marcelo Espinosa has over 20 years of experience establishing strong customer partnerships through the development, implementation and management of outsourced IT, facilities management and office service solutions. He's a hands-on manager, who enjoys working collaboratively with both clients and team members to ensure solutions not only effectively address areas of focus, but also seamlessly fit the culture of the organizations he serves.
Prior to joining 1Rivet in 2016, Marcelo worked for six years IST Management Services, and 14 years for IKON Office Solutions/The Ricoh Company as a regional/area operations manager. He aptly steered 600 billable resources servicing over 125 unique client locations with sales support, solution development, talent acquisition, delivery and strategic management for all outsourced solutions.
Marcelo has a Bachelor of Science degree in business administration from La Salle University. A Washington, D.C. metro area native, he lives in Bethesda, MD, with his wife and twin daughters. Marcelo and his family can typically be found surf fishing on the beaches of Fenwick Island or crabbing and clamming the back bay waters during summer weekends.
Randy holds an honors bachelor of mathematics degree in computer science from the University of Waterloo, in Ontario, and an MBA from the Ivey Business School, London, Ontario.
About 1Rivet
Working from offices in Washington, D.C., New York, Toronto and Valsad, India, the company's three core divisions offer:
Strategic Technology
IT mergers and acquisitions, systems integration, data integration, data visualization and analytics, delivery management and customer experience.
Development and testing, project management, customer service, IT help desks, mailroom shipping and receiving, administrative assistants and reception, concierge, facilities, MFD management and key ops, conference room management, imaging and records management, audio visual and graphic design.
Strategic hires, contract-to-hires and scalable workforce hires.
Let's Get Acquainted
12355 Sunrise Valley Dr, Suite 610 Reston, VA 20191
info@1rivet.com
Washington, D.C. | New York | Toronto | India
Copyright © 1Rivet

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Eagle Asset Management provides individual investors and their financial advisors with a spectrum of investment choices.
Eagle Asset Management offers unique professional management across asset classes. Explore our specially tailored strategies.


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James Patton Flick (August 28, 1845 – February 25, 1929) was a two-term Republican  U.S. Representative from Iowa's 8th congressional district in the Gilded Age.

Born in Bakerstown, Pennsylvania, Flick moved with his parents to Wapello County, Iowa, in 1852 and to Taylor County, Iowa in 1857.
He attended the common schools.
Following the outbreak of the American Civil War he enlisted in Company K, 4th Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment, as a private soldier and served from April 3, 1862, to September 4, 1864.

Following the war, he served as Recorder of Taylor County in 1869 and 1870.
After studying law, he was admitted to the bar in 1870 and commenced practice in Bedford, Iowa.
He served in the Iowa House of Representatives in 1878 and 1879, then served as district attorney of the third judicial district of Iowa from 1880 to 1886.

In 1888 Flick was elected as a Republican to the U.S. House seat for Iowa's 8th congressional district.  After serving in the 51st United States Congress he was re-elected in 1890, surviving the Democratic Party's first landslide victory since the Iowa Republican Party was founded. He then served in the Fifty-second Congress.  In all, he was in Congress from March 4, 1889 to March 3, 1893.

In 1892, he was not a candidate for renomination.  After returning to Iowa, he resumed the practice of his profession in Bedford, until his death there on February 25, 1929. He was interred in Bedford Cemetery.

References

1845 births
1929 deaths
Union Army soldiers
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Iowa


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Ceraderm
Overview and Ordering Ingredients and Directions Product Details
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Memory and brain health
Orotate minerals
Orotates
Vinca Rosea
Mamoral
In depth comprehensive skin program and complete moisturizing process
Ceraderm is specifically dedicated to improving the tone and appearance of the skin. It contains clinically proven natural substances that can stimulate collagen synthesis and that are able to act on the skin's architecture. It enhances collagen, elastin and fibronactin fibers density and it can inhibit the production of enzymes that tear down those same fibers. Ceraderm hydrates the skin in its deeper layers with hyaluronic acid while the ceramides actively patch up the outer barrier that is responsible for retaining moisture. Ceraderm represents a serious and comprehensive response to improving the skin's appearance and reducing the major signs of aging.
Multiple quantity discount selection:
Buy 2 units @ $58.90 each 5% off Save $6.20
Buy 3 units @ $55.80 each 10% off Save $18.60
Serving size: 3 caps / Servings per container: 40
Vitamin C (beta-carotene USP 10%)
Zinc (Zinc Citrate @ 30% elemental zinc)
Selenium (as L-Selenomethionine)
Collagen Peptides HP-BCP type I & III
Phytoceramides with DGDG (digalactosyl-diglycerides)
Hyaluronic Complex HJ complex™
White Tea Extract (Camellia Sinensis extract Std .to 95% polyphenols and and 75% catechins)
Centellosides (Centella Asiatica Std. to 45% centellosides)
Grape Seed Extract Std. to 95% procyanidines)
Organic Silica (Bioavailable Orthosilicic Acid)
* Daily value not established
Other ingredients: Magnesium stearate, gelatin (capsule)
As a dietary supplement, take 3 capsules twice daily with water or as directed by a health care professional. Use regularly over several months.
Caution: Pregnant or nursing mothers, children under 18 and those with a medical condition should consult a health care professional before using this product.
REJUVENATION OF THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN
Collagen HP-BCP (Skin)
High Potency Bioactive Collagen Peptides Type I & III
Collagen accounts for more than 70 % of the skin structure, most of which is located between the skin's surface and the fatty tissue beneath. With age collagen production slows down and it is estimated that we lose collagen at a rate of 1.5% to 2% per year from age 30 onwards. Additionally, the remaining collagen fibers become dehydrated because of the depletion of hyaluronic acid and because of oxidative stress. With the loss and breackdown of collagen deep in the dermal layer, the skin gets thinner, wrinkles begin to set in and skin discoloration becomes increasingly visible.
Usefulness of Collagen Supplementation
It has been heavily debated but recent studies show that specific forms of collagen peptides have a positive impact on the skin structure. The results of a 2009 japanese study suggest that "…ingestion of collagen peptide improves the function of deeper regions of the skin rather than function of the outermost epidermal regions", unlike the surface mode of action of skin care creams.
Supplementation with collagen peptide not only increases levels of collagen in the skin - which makes skin more firm and supple - but also reduces the activity of collagenase, an enzyme that breaks down collagen.
In the Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry in 2009, Shigemura and al. writes that "…collagen peptide exhibits its effects on health and beauty through mechanisms unique to collagen peptide" and that "Collagen has unique properties that are not found in other proteins, and these properties may be the reason for the effects of collagen peptide ingestion on bones, joints, skin, hair and nails."
The type I collagen provides strength and resistance to the tissues but type III collagen is extremely important as it gives skin its elasticity. Supplying a potent form of collagen is proven useful, but there are many ways to hydrolyse collagen yielding widely different results. The high potency Bioactive Collagen Peptides (HP-BCP Verisol®) is clinically proven to significantly reduce the appearence of wrinkles and increase the skin elasticity by 15%.
Unlike most skin care products making use of highly subjective and misleading self-assessement "studies", the special HP-BCP collagen peptides results and pictures come from published clinical trials. It means a better level of reliability.
Skin elasticity increased significantly after oral HP-BCP Collagen treatment in comparison to placebo administration. The study involved 69 women aged between 35 and 55 years. This effect could be measured after just 4 weeks of treatment and persisted after 8 weeks.
HP-BCP Collagen significantly improves wrinkles appearance after 4 weeks of oral administration. The study involved 100 women aged between 45 and 65 years and showed that the procollagen concentration in the skin increases by 60%.
Elastin Super Protection Agent
Elastin is the other major component of the skin's structure. Elastin fibers aren't as numerous as collagen fibers but they are just as important as they are responsible for the skin's ability to stretch and recoil. However aging and oxydative stress raises the body's production of an enzyme called elastase which is involved in the degradation of elastin. Curtailing and getting elastase under control is critical to secure and optimize skin's elasticity.
New York dermatologist Doris Day, MD, says, "Collagen and elastin go hand in hand in supporting the function of the skin. Elastin allows skin to be elastic, pliable and firm, and collagen makes it plump. If you don't have one, or enough of one, the other can't function and support skin properly."
Comparative studies of 21 botanicals have shown that white tea extract expresses the most potent anti-elastise activity. It suppresses 89% of the enzymatic activity, while green tea only reduces it by 10%. And white tea is just as effective against the collagenase (the enzyme that destroys collagen) with 87% inhibition against 47% for green tea. White tea has also scored highest on the antioxydant activity which makes it extremely useful for protecting the skin against free radical damage. Grape seed extract and selenium add to the overall protective effect of Ceraderm.
Centellosides
Centella Asiatica is a medicinal plant that contains bioactive chemicals called « centellosides » that exert a vigorous action upon the skin healing and regeneration.
The stimulating action on collagen synthesis, cellular function and extracellular matrix renewal are so significant that Centella Asiatica is clinically recognized for improving treatment of wounds, as well as burns, psoriasis and scleroderma.
The mechanism of action involves promoting fibroblast proliferation and increasing the synthesis of collagen and intracellular fibronectin content - fibronectin fibers allow the connection of collagen fibers to the fibroblast integrin. It also improves the tensile strength of newly formed skin and it inhibits the inflammatory phase of hypertrophic scars. The centellosides are also able to stimulate glycosaminoglycan, especially hyaluronic acid synthesis.
Centellosides are very efficient at supporting skin restructuring and research indicates that they can be used on photoaging skin, cellulite and striae.
Organic Silica
Orthosilicic acid (non-crystalized silica)
Silicon is an essential mineral that is naturally present in the human body. It play a major role in bone strength, healthy skin and nails and cartilage formation. Silicon has a strong indicence on the structure of the connective tissue, in renewing collagen and elastin fibers and in improving skin firmness from the inside out. It also acts as a protective agent on cellular membranes and delays significantly the onset of wrinkled skin. Silicon also increases hair follicle shaft diameter and tensile strength. Other benefits include enabling efficient calcium absorption which manifests itself in bone formation and visibly strengthened fingernails.
Silicon is widely available and abundant in nature but its bioavailability is very poor. It is an extremely unstable compound that crystalizes very quickly forming an insoluble inert substance. Its absorption is drastically low and it can't be utilized by the human organism.
Ceraderm™ contains a stable high absorption form of dietary silicon. It is an ortho-silicic acid molecule stabilized in maltodextrin. It is stabilized by a proprietary method that inhibits the polymerization of ortho-silicic acid, keeping the molecule stable and increasing its bioavailability in the body.
UNDERSTANDING SKIN MOISTURIZING
A beautiful skin is a moisturized skin. It is water that gives the skin its supleness. Without water, the skin would be rough, totally dry and lifeless. Skin dehydration is linked to 2 physiological mechanisms that kick in with time: the gradual disappearance of hyaluronic acid and the loss of ceramides, altering the epidermis porosity and rendering it unable to prevent water loss.
The disappearance of Hyaluronic Acid
Hyaluronic acid is the molecule that grabs water. It allows collagen fibers to bathe into a supple and mosturized environment. But with time it gradually disappears and at age 50 its concentration has been cut in half compared to youthful levels. This alteration causes the collagen fibers to dry up and to aggregate into rigid and compact clusters. This phenomenon strongly contributes to the formation of wrinkles, making the skin appear older.
Increasing Hyaluronic Acid concentration at the dermis level can help restore the suppleness of the skin and improve its appearance.
The depletion of Ceramides
The external layer of the skin (stratum corneum) is composed of cells sealed together like mortar and cement by epidermal lipids mostly composed of ceramides. These surface lipids act as a barrier against micro-organism invasion but they also prevent water evaporation and skin dehydration. With the loss of ceramides, the skin surface becomes porous which leads to barrier permeability and lower moisture levels.
Restoring skin barrier integrity in order to curtail transcutaneous water loss is central to keeping supple and hydrated skin.
Ceraderm to help preventing the withering of the skin
Ceraderm provides on the global surface of the skin, through the blood stream, hyaluronic acid molecules and phytoceramides. The former increase water retention while the latter will gradually restore the water barrier to retain it. The skin is efficently moisturized again and it will slowly regain its plumpness. The benefits of ceramides oral intake were evaluated and significant results start to show after 15 days. The results improve with prolonged use over the course of several months. The skin's moisture level increases and there are also benefits on skin elasticity and on reduction of wrinkles visibility.
STOPPING THE SKIN'S DESTRUCTION SPIRAL
Within the dermis there are cells called fibroblasts that are responsible for the regulation of the skin's structural elements. And the fibroblasts are attached to the collagen fibers by connective points called the integrins, which maintains them in s state of mechanical tension. This stretching effect is crucial for their correct functioning.
The weakening of the collagen fibers network caused by aging makes the fibroblast lose its anchoring points and it leads to its collapse. It will then produce less collagen and more destructive enzymes (collagenase, elastase) which will further degrade the skin and make its atrophy even worse in a destructve spiral.
Proven physiological effects of Ceraderm and what you can realistically expect:
✓ Stimulates collagen production
✓ Increases elastin concentration
✓ Restores deep moisturizing with hyaluronic acid
✓ Prevents the skin's loss of water with ceramides.
✓ Supports the skin's architecture with Centellosides
✓ Reactivates the cells in charge of regenerating the skin's structure
The end result is a visible reversal of the effects of aging on the skin.
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Cookie Policy for Bada Laundry
This is the Cookie Policy for Bada Laundry, accessible from https://www.badalaundry.com/
We use cookies for a variety of reasons detailed below. Unfortunately, in most cases there are no industry standard options for disabling cookies without completely disabling the functionality and features they add to this site. It is recommended that you leave on all cookies if you are not sure whether you need them or not in case they are used to provide a service that you use.
You can prevent the setting of cookies by adjusting the settings on your browser (see your browser Help for how to do this). Be aware that disabling cookies will affect the functionality of this and many other websites that you visit. Disabling cookies will usually result in also disabling certain functionality and features of this site. Therefore, it is recommended that you do not disable cookies.
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Jackie Carton is an interior architect specialising in residential interior design. She has ten years experience in delivering full design schemes - from modern and colourful to classically elegant.
With a background in art publishing and graphics, her love of art and colour is evident throughout her work and she believes that a well designed home should reflect its owners personality. "As designers we have a responsibility to the client to ensure the layout meets their functional needs. Then, layers of colour and texture add warmth and character whilst some well considered final touches complete the scheme. Attention to detail is one of my hallmarks - it's the smaller, more subtle elements that really help create a harmonious feel. A beautifully designed space is a joy to live in and this is the ultimate goal of every project I undertake".
Jackie is known for her open and friendly yet professional approach. She collaborates with a number of architects and building contractors to see each design through to completion. A regular contributor to interior magazines and newspaper articles, Jackie has also been invited to speak at shows such as House Event, the Ideal Home Show and the Self Build shows. She works with developers on showhouse fit outs and in 2017 took part in TV3's Showhouse Showdown programme, winning across all four categories. Her work is featured on Houzz where she was awarded "Best of Houzz for both Design and Service" in 2019.
Contact Us today for further details of our full interior design service.
"We just want to say thank you for creating such a beautiful home for us. It has transformed our way of living"
"Jackies creative input turned our vision for our new home into a reality"
"Thank you for the wonderful rooms we now have. Everyone is so impressed. We relax each evening and talk about what an amazing space it is!"
"Thanks a million to you and your team for a fantastic job. I am really enjoying the result"
"A fast, friendly and a hassle free experience"
"Many thanks to you all for the fabulous job you did on my new home. I am delighted with it"
"Jackie brought out the full potential of the property with great flair and sensitivity to the brief"
"Efficient and helpful ... highly recommended"
"Nothing was too much trouble... the job was finished to a very high standard"


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Home – Alarming Syphilis Symptoms To Watch Out For-2021
Alarming Syphilis Symptoms To Watch Out For-2021
Syphilis symptoms appear in Syphilis which is a sexually transmitted disease caused by 'Treponema Pallidum.' Syphilis spreads by close and direct contact with the infected person and, if not treated, may cause serious health problems.
Transmission of syphilis symptoms, as the world knows it, does not necessarily require sexual intercourse between two people. But till today, the most common route of transfer of syphilis is having unprotected Vaginal, Anal, or oral sex. The spread of syphilis symptoms also has other factors like:
Syphilis can be passed on from mother to unborn child during pregnancy, causing congenital syphilis.
Endemic syphilis symptoms are spread through poor hygiene conditions.
Rarely can syphilis be spread through organ donation.
Practicing Polygamy, mainly men who have sex with men.
Shared injections for transfusion, snorting, or smoking drugs.
HIV-positive people (Human immunodeficiency virus) are more susceptible to acquiring syphilis.
By 777 Bond vector on Shutterstock
The first sign of syphilis symptoms is a painless sore often called Chancre. These syphilis sores called Chancres initially show their presence on the genitals, rectum, vagina, anus, or mouth. It appears like any other sore on the body. Thus people fail to notice it or do not pay earnest heed to the multiple sores.
1. Syphilis Statistics
2. Treponema Pallidum
3. Syphilis Symptoms
1. Primary Syphilis
2. Secondary stage
3. Latent Syphilis
4. Tertiary Syphilis
5. Neurosyphilis
4. Congenital Syphilis
5. HIV Infection and Syphilis
6. Test for Syphilis
7. VDRL Test
8. Treatment for Syphilis
Treatment for Early Infection
Treatment for Late Infection
9. Disease Control and Prevention
10. Screening for Syphilis
According to the syphilis CDC fact sheet(centers for disease control and prevention), in 2019 total of 129,813 cases of syphilis were reported. These included 38,992 cases of primary syphilis, and secondary syphilis was reported. The cases of syphilis were the lowest in 2000 and 2001 and had been increasing since then, reaching 11.2% in 2018-19, and these are the numbers according to the syphilis CDC fact sheet.
The syphilis CDC fact sheet (centers for disease control) has also reported that primary and secondary syphilis rates have increased in the male population, probably due to MSM.
Syphilis among the male population accounts for 56.7% of all cases in 2019. Cases of syphilis among females are lower than in males but have been increasing in recent years. They reached the highest of 178.6% during 2015-19.
The rate of congenital syphilis has been increasing every year since 2013. In the same year, the reported cases of congenital syphilis marked the first increase in its cases since 2008.
By bekirevren on Shutterstock
An agent responsible for the world to go mad over a life-threatening disease is Treponema Pallidum. Bacterium treponema pallidum is a spirochaete bacterium that does not have any other host apart from humans. The bacterium has various subspecies under it, which are responsible for other diseases as well.
T. p. pallidum causes syphilis.
T. p. endemic causes Bejel or Endemic syphilis.
T. p. pertenue causes yaws.
Syphilis bacteria, bacterium treponema pallidum, has minor metabolic activity because it lacks a tricarboxylic acid cycle. Treponema pallidum is a helically coiled bacteria, making it easier to enter the human body through a mucous membrane. The bacterium is 6-15 micrometer long and 0.1 – 0.2 micrometer wide.
Treponema pallidum enters our body through the lining of genitalia, mouth, throat, or rectum and causes severe symptoms which diagnose syphilis.
Syphilis is a progressive sexually transmitted infection. The syphilis symptoms develop through stages which allow the health care provider to mention the stage of the disease to the patient. The stage of syphilis lasts for weeks, months, or even some years in some patients. The symptoms don't have to occur in sequence, and the stages might sometimes overlap.
Signs and symptoms of syphilis are often confused with that of other diseases. Therefore syphilis is famously known as 'the Great Pretender.' This confuses the person, and they do not visit the hospital thinking this is not something serious and need not be worried about. Health care providers also are not able to diagnose this sexually transmitted infection in one go.
By Nau Nau on Shutterstock
The appearance of Chancre characterizes early infection in syphilis. Chances are round, firm, and painless, yet highly infectious. These chancres appear at the site where the bacterium has entered the body. It is usually in the mouth, external genitalia, or rectum.
The painless chancres appear after three weeks of exposure to the bacterium and last for three to six weeks. Most of the infected people appear only with one chancre, but there can be multiple sores. The sores resolve spontaneously, whether the patient is treated with syphilis or not.
Most people fail to identify this sign of early syphilis, therefore do not receive any treatment. Failure to treat infection in primary syphilis symptoms leads to a secondary stage called secondary syphilis.
By enuengneng on Shutterstock
Secondary syphilis starts a few weeks after the chancres of the primary stage have healed or are still recovering. Skin rash is the distinguishing feature of the secondary stage of this sexually transmitted infection. Secondary syphilis symptoms usually start after 2-12 weeks of exposure to the bacterium.
The skin rashes appear initially on the trunk and spread throughout the body, mainly the palms and soles. A typical rash appears as red, brown, or reddish-brown. Skin rash, which appears in a secondary stage, is not itchy. Some rashes occur with a different appearance on other body parts, and they are mistaken for a skin rash of other causes. These skin rash are so faint they do not catch the eye of the infected person.
Lesions of different appearance also occur in secondary syphilis. These skin rash are called 'Condyloma Lata.' They appear as large, raised, grey or white lesions and may develop in warm and moist regions of the body like the mouth, underarm, or groin areas.
Other syphilis symptoms occurring in secondary syphilis are
Swollen lymph nodes
Patchy hair loss
The signs and symptoms of secondary syphilis may come and go as long as a year. They resolve upon themselves with or without receiving any syphilis treatment. But if not treated, the infection progresses to latent syphilis or tertiary syphilis.
The latent stage is a period where there are no visible signs and symptoms. Even without syphilis symptoms, bacteria still reside inside the human host and transmit the disease to others. Living in the host, the bacteria starts damaging the internal organs.
If the infected person does not take any primary and secondary syphilis treatment, the disease progresses to latent stage syphilis. The latent stage of syphilis lasts for years; it stays for as short as one year or as long as 5 to 20 years.
Latent stage syphilis falls under two categories-
Early latent syphilis- Latent stage syphilis falls under early latent syphilis when the syphilis infection occurs within 12 months.
Late latent syphilis- Late latent syphilis is where syphilis infection occurred more than 12 months ago.
Latent stage syphilis has gone unnoticed for many years. Many times woman who has contracted syphilis doesn't identify her infection until she gives birth to a child with syphilis. Babies born in such a condition are called congenital syphilis.
Signs and symptoms in this stage might never return, or the patient may develop tertiary syphilis.
After the primary and secondary stages of syphilis come late-stage syphilis called Tertiary syphilis.
The tertiary stage occurs when the patient does not receive any treatment after contracting syphilis. Approximately 15-30 percent of people with untreated syphilis progress to tertiary syphilis. After the initial infection, it takes years or decades together for tertiary syphilis symptoms to develop.
Some other symptoms of the tertiary stage include-
Affects Heart and blood vessels- Cardiovascular syphilis
Affects Spinal cord, brain, and nervous system – neurosyphilis.
Destruction of bones and soft tissues
Affects the liver and joints.
May sometimes lead to death in fatal conditions.
At any given stage of syphilis, T. Pallidum invades the Cerebrospinal fluid. This attack causes neurological manifestations in the patient. Testing of CSF and examination of cranial nerves should be done as soon as the patient presents with defects in the nervous system.
Along with infection of the nervous system, infection of Ocular symptoms (Ocular syphilis) or infection ear (Otosyphilis) can also occur. Otosyphilis can lead to permanent hearing loss of the patient. Otosyphilis or Ocular syphilis may be the initial syphilis symptoms presented by a patient.
Sometimes syphilis passes from infected pregnant women to their babies. Untreated syphilis of pregnant women is transmitted to their newborn babies through the placenta or at delivery time. Babies born to such mothers suffer from congenital syphilis.
Pregnant women should regularly be screened for sexually transmitted diseases or sexually transmitted infections on their every ante-natal visit starting from their first antenatal visit. Their second test will be done in their third trimester (at 28 weeks of gestation) or at the time of her delivery.
Pregnant women who are mainly tested for syphilis symptoms are-
Women who are living in high prevalence areas of syphilis.
Women who are living in areas of high morbidity area of syphilis.
Positive blood tests for syphilis symptoms in their first ante-natal test.
Sexually active women.
Women with multiple sex partners.
Women with excess drug use (heroin or meth)
Pregnant women with less or no ante-natal care
Pregnant women living in low socio-economic conditions.
Congenital syphilis is asymptomatic and does not show any syphilis symptoms. But sometimes rash or syphilis sore as it is called can be on palms of their hands and soles of newborns' feet. Late signs of congenital syphilis are sore throat, teeth deformities, saddle nose, or deafness. Congenital syphilis is fatal in about 40 %-50 % of cases. Depending on how long the mother is infected with syphilis bacteria, there is a high risk of stillbirth or giving birth to a newborn who dies shortly after birth.
Pregnant women who deliver stillborn after 20 weeks of gestation should be tested for syphilis symptoms. If babies are alive after delivery, they should immediately be treated for congenital syphilis, or they may develop severe complications like seizures, developmental disorders.
Congenital syphilis affects multiple organs like liver swelling, brain, anemia, jaundice, etc.
However, pregnant infected women undergo miscarriages, abortions, or the pain of the death of their newborn after birth.
People suffering from syphilis symptoms are more likely to develop HIV infection in the coming years and as the disease progresses. According to recent reports, it has been observed that people who are suffering from primary stage and secondary stage syphilis are also suffering from HIV infection in later years.
Mainly people who are sexually active and Men who have sex with other men are more prone to developing HIV infection and syphilis. Men who have sex with men, if they are tested negative with HIV initially and positive for syphilis, are reported to have tested positive for HIV in later stages. Syphilis sores on the body of the patient make it easier for the person to acquire HIV.
Patients with HIV may develop different symptoms of syphilis, unlike patients who have only syphilis.
Syphilis or any other sexually transmitted infections or sexually transmitted diseases indicate the quality of surroundings. It also shows the area and the population at higher risk and needs to be taken care of.
Any person observing any signs and symptoms should get themselves tested for syphilis. Even if there are no visible signs and symptoms, one should get tested for syphilis. No apparent signs and symptoms are occurring in primary syphilis or initial infection. Symptoms occurring in the secondary stage of syphilis resemble other infections. Therefore they should get tested irrespective of the presence or absence of symptoms or stage of syphilis.
By cawee on Shutterstock
Persons having oral vaginal or anal sex partners or indirect contact should primarily get tested for syphilis.
The persons that are highly at risk are:
have had unprotected sexual contact with a person tested positive for syphilis
In pregnant women
anal, vaginal, or oral sex
sex worker
sexually active prisoners
have or had unprotected sexual contact with several multiple people
having a partner who had sexual contact with numerous persons.
Men who have sex with men.
have a history of HIV infection
By bangoland on Shutterstock
VDRL test stands for Venereal disease research laboratory, and it is used as a blood test for conforming syphilis. even though it is an indirect test used for coordinating antibodies for syphilis
The disease is caused by a syphilis bacteria known as Treponema pallidum. It infects the person's body entering through wounds, usually of genitalia.
As given by the center for disease control and prevention, the VDRL test confirms the antibodies in the person positive for syphilis, and the antibodies are produced in response to the antigens. If antibodies are present in the person's body, the blood test detects it as positive for syphilis.
The signs and symptoms of syphilis aren't necessary for this test to be accurate and make syphilis diagnosed.
Reverse sequencing is done to detect persons with previously treated syphilis and untreated syphilis. As sexually transmitted syphilis makes way for HIV, the person is tested even for HIV and sometimes for other sexually transmitted infections.
To confirm neurosyphilis, cerebrospinal fluid is examined through lumbar puncture
Early treatment for primary and secondary syphilis is intramuscular benzathine benzylpenicillin – 2.4 million units.
For people who are allergic to penicillin, doxycycline and tetracycline are the choices to treat syphilis. Patients are advised to avoid sex until the treatment is complete. The same drugs will cure syphilis in pregnant women.
For patients suffering from late latent syphilis symptoms of late-stage syphilis symptoms, large doses of 7.2 million intravenous penicillin G are administered at weekly intervals.
For complications like neurosyphilis, Otosyphilis, and ocular syphilis, treatment is acquired crystalline penicillin G 18-24 million units per day continuously for 10-14 days.
Treating syphilis will stop the further progress of the disease but will not reverse the damage already done.
Even after treatment is completed, necessary follow-up should be done to prevent recurrence of the disease. Frequent blood tests, strict abstinence from sex with new partners should be followed. Regular tests for HIV infection should be mandatory.
One of the reactions for the treatment is the Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction. This might start within one hour of the treatment and could last for 24 hours. During this period patient experiences fever, headache, muscle pains
According to disease control and prevention (CDC), the correct use of latex condoms will decrease the risk of syphilis. The potential site for the transmission of syphilis into the body should be protected; therefore, proper use of condoms should be encouraged.
Apart from using latex condoms, the surest way to prevent syphilis is to restrain themselves from having sex.
Prevention of congenital syphilis can be done when regular checkups of pregnant women are thoroughly followed. Every antenatal visit of pregnant women should be monitored.
As soon as signs and symptoms are visible, the patient is supposed to rush to the hospital. Their history and complaints should be thoroughly mentioned to the doctors to provide medical advice, and immediate treatment can begin. This will prevent further damage and disabilities.
Even diseases like syphilis can be eliminated from society only if proper preventive measures are followed. Notification and immediate treatment of infected people also play a crucial role in managing syphilis incidence globally.
Tags:healthsexually transmitted diseasessexually transmitted infectionssyphilissyphilis symptoms


GraffToyz creates interactive graffiti inspired toys and art objects. The HELLO board is a great message board for a meeting room or a kids room. practice your tag over and over with the CHALK INK MARKERS included.


text:
Q: How to organize subroutines for use by multiple commands? I am working on creating a package with two new commands, say foo and bar.
For example, if foo.ado contains:
program define foo
    ...
    rex
end

program define rex
    ...
end

But my other command, bar.ado, also needs to call rex. Where should I put rex?
I see the following few options:

*

*Create a rex.ado file as well.

*Create a rex.do file and include it from within both foo.ado and bar.ado using include "`c(sysdir_plus)'r/rex.do" at the bottom of each file.

*Copy the code into both foo.ado and bar.ado, which seems ugly because now the code must be maintained in two places.

What is best practice for organizing subroutines that are needed by both foo and bar?
Also, should the subroutine be called rex, _rex, or something else — maybe _foobar_rex — to indicate it is actually a sub-command that foo and bar depend on to work correctly rather than a separate command intended to stand on its own?

A: Create a rex.ado file as well
Your question is a bit too broad. Personally, I would go with the first option to be safe, although it really depends on the structure of your project. Sometimes including rex in a single ado file may be enough. This will be the case, for example, if foo is a wrapper command. However, for most other use cases, including two commands sharing a common program, i strongly believe that you will need to have a separate ado file.
The second option is obviously unnecessary, since the first does the same thing, plus it does not have to load the program every single time you call it. The third option is probably the worst in a programming context, as it may create conflicts and will be difficult to maintain down the road.
With regards to naming conventions, I would recommend using something like _rex only if you include the program as a subroutine in an ado file. Otherwise, rex will do just fine and will also indicate that the program has a wider scope within your project. It is also better, in my opinion, to provide a more elaborate explanation about the intended use of rex using a comment at the start of the ado file, rather than trying to incorporate this in the name.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
High Court grants family's legal challenge on prison deaths at HMP Woodhill - prison with highest number of self-inflicted deaths
The High Court today (24 Nov 2016) gave permission for the families of two men who took their own lives in HMP Woodhill to proceed with legal action to force the prison to take steps to prevent further deaths.
HMP Woodhill has seen the highest number of self-inflicted deaths of any prison in England and Wales over the past two years. A total of 17 men have taken their own lives in the prison since May 2013 - six so far this year.
The case was brought by relatives of Ian Brown, who took his own life at HMP Woodhill on 19 July 2015 and Daniel Dunkley, who was found hanging in his cell on 29 July 2016 and died four days later in hospital.
Deborah Coles, Director of INQUEST, which has worked with the families of the two men, said: "We see repeated and avoidable failures that result in human tragedies. Time and again the Ministry of Justice says that 'lessons will be learned' but there is no system to ensure that recommendations are carried out that could prevent yet more pain and loss of life."
The High Court gave permission for family members to proceed with their claim against the governor of the prison and the secretary of state for justice, arguing that they have acted unlawfully by failing to take appropriate steps to reduce the rate of suicide there. The claimants are asking the court to order the defendants to take action to try to prevent further suicides.
In their summary grounds of resistance to the judicial review application, the defendants claimed appropriate steps had been taken and that the claim was misconceived and unarguable. In granting permission, Mr Justice Lavender said that reports into the prison revealed "repeated failure, despite earlier recommendations, to implement applicable policies" and said this could not be dismissed as "operational failures".
INQUEST has been working with the family of Ian Brown since July 2015 and with the family of Daniel Dunkley since August 2016. The claimants are represented by INQUEST Lawyers Group members Jo Eggleton of Deighton Pierce Glynn and Adam Straw of Doughty Street Chambers.
More information about this claim is available here: http://www.dpglaw.co.uk/jr-claim-issued-challenging-alarmingly-high-rate-self-inflicted-deaths-woodhill-prison/
For further information, please contact: [email protected]
INQUEST provides specialist advice on deaths in custody or detention or involving state failures in England and Wales. This includes a death in prison, in police custody or following police contact, in immigration detention or psychiatric care. INQUEST's policy and parliamentary work is informed by its casework and we work to ensure that the collective experiences of bereaved people underpin that work. Its overall aim is to secure an investigative process that treats bereaved families with dignity and respect; ensures accountability and disseminates the lessons learned from the investigation process in order to prevent further deaths.
Please refer to INQUEST the organisation in all capital letters in order to distinguish it from the legal hearing.


text:
Q: Best approach for caching lists of objects in memcache Our Google AppEngine Java app involves caching recent users that have requested information from the server.
The current working solution is that we store the users information in a list, which is then cached.
When we need a recent user we simply grab one from this list.
The list of recent users is not vital to our app working, and if it's dropped from the cache it's simply rebuilt as users continue to request from the server.
What I want to know is: Can I do this a better way?
With the current approach there is only a certain amount of users we can store before the list gets to large for memcache (we are currently limiting the list to 1000 and dropping the oldest when we insert new). Also, the list is going to need updating very quickly which involves retrieving the full list from memcache just to add a single user.
Having each user stored in cache separately would be beneficial to us as we require the recent user to expire after 30 minutes. At the moment this is a manual task we do to make sure the list does not include expired users.
What is the best approach for this scenario? If it's storing the users separately in cache, what's the best approach to keeping track of the user so we can retrieve it?

A: You could keep in the memcache list just "pointers" that you can use to build individual memcache keys to access user entities separately stored in memcache. This makes the list's memcache size footprint a lot smaller and easy to deal with.
If the user entities have parents then pointers would have to be their keys, which are unique so they can be used as memcache keys as well (well, their urlsafe versions if needed).
But if the user entities don't have parents (i.e. they're root entities in their entity groups) then you can use their datastore key IDs as pointers - typically shorter than the keys. Better yet, if the IDs are numerical IDs you can even store them as numbers, not as strings. The IDs are unique for those entities, but they might not be unique enough to serve as memcache keys, you may need to add a prefix/suffix to make the respective memcache keys unique (to your app).
When you need a user entity data you 1st obtain the "pointer" from the list, build the user entity memcache key and retrieve the entity with that key.
This, of course, assumes you do have reasons to keep that list in place. If the list itself is not mandatory all you need is just the recipe to obtain the (unique) memcache keys for each of your entities.

A: If you use NDB caching, it will take care of memcache for you.  Simply request the users with the key using ndb.Key(Model, id).get() or Model.get_by_id(id), where id is the User id.


text:
Issues of the Environment: Using Rainwater To Build Sustainable Water Systems
Matt Grocoff
Credit Wikipedia Media Commons / wikipedia.org
According to one of the world's leading, net-zero energy builders, the population has outgrown its manufactured water systems. Matt Grocoff is founder of the Thrive Collaborative and has installed a rainwater system at his Ann Arbor home that he is working to make the water system of the future. In this conversation with WEMU's David Fair, Grocoff explains why a shift in the way we engineer our water systems is a necessity and how it can work on this week's "Issues of the Environment."
Ann Arbor resident Matt Grocoff feels that the rainwater he collects for his roof and purifies in his basement is entirely safe for drinking.
The rainwater runs down his metal roof, through his gutters, and into a system that processes the water with three stages of micro-filtration, plus carbon and UV filters.
At this point, the water is still not considered legally "potable." However, some might argue that it is cleaner than "city" water, since rainwater by nature is free from PFAS and other chemical residues like pharmaceuticals that are found in municipal water.
According to the CDC, many states consider rainwater the property of the state, and they prohibit its collection. The CDC cautions that untreated rainwater can be contaminated with pathogens and chemicals, and that it should never be consumed without proper purification and testing.
Because Matt's water is considered "not potable" by the legal definition, plumbers are prohibited piping to his sinks, bathtubs, or any tap that might be used for drinking. Right now, he is using the water for the laundry and toilets, as that is permitted by law.
Thrive Collaborative
Veridian at County Farm
Tour Matt Grocoff's Home
— David Fair is the WEMU News Director and host of Morning Edition on WEMU. You can contact David at 734.487.3363, on twitter @DavidFairWEMU, or email him at dfair@emich.edu
Issues Of The Environment: A2 Summer Festival Sets 2020 Zero-Waste Goal
2019 marks year two of the Ann Arbor Summer Festival's "Festival Footprint Initiative." Initially, the plan was to get to a 90% waste diversion rate in 3-5 years. Now, the plan is being accelerated. James Carter, the festival's programming and operations manager, joins WEMU's David Fair for a conversation on environmental stewardship through the course of a three-week long event in this week's "Issues of the Environment."
Issues of the Environment: The Risks Of Milk Consumption And Other Phthalate Contaminated Products
By David Fair • May 8, 2019
Tom Ray / flickr.com
Pure and pasteurized milk and dairy products may taste good and be good for you, but the process that brings you this product may be making you sick. WEMU's David Fair explores a new study showing the plastics used in processing are contaminating some dairy products with toxic chemicals. Mike Belliveau is executive director of the Environmental Health Strategy Center and this week's guest on "Issues of the Environment."
1st Friday Focus On The Environment: Clean Energy Economy And Electric Vehicles
By David Fair & Lisa Wozniak • May 3, 2019
Michigan Energy Innovation Business Council / mieibc.org
Michigan continues to be a leader in "Green Energy" jobs, and the business community and marketplace are helping drive towards a cleaner energy future. In this month's "First Friday Focus on the Environment," WEMU's David Fair and Michigan League of Conservation Voters executive director Lisa Wozniak cover those issues with Laura Sherman, president of the Michigan Energy Innovation Business Council.
1st Friday Focus on the Environment: 05/03/19


text:
Joint Test Action Group je standard definovaný normou IEEE 1149.1, tzv. Standard Test Access Port (TAP). Jedná se o architekturu Boundary-Scan pro testování plošných spojů, programování FLASH pamětí apod.

Signály rozhraní
 TDI (Test Data In)
 TDO (Test Data Out)
 TCK (Test ClocK)
 TMS (Test Mode Select)
 TRST (Test ReSeT) – volitelný

Data jsou přenášena sériově.

JTAG Konektory

Přestože je JTAG standardizovaný, konektory na připojení JTAG adaptéru nikoliv. Většina výrobců používá vlastní pinout, přičemž je většinou použit "pinheader" s roztečí 2,54 mm (0,1 palce). Obecně se napříč mezi výrobci rozšířilo jen pár zapojení JTAGu (zejména MIPS EJTAG, ARM JTAG) .

Použití
JTAG je možné použít kromě primárního účelu, kterým je testování plošných spojů a interní funkce obvodů, také k programování flash pamětí, procesorů, FPGA, CPLD a dalších. K tomuto bylo vytvořeno několik standardů, např. IEEE 1532, JEDEC STAPL, nebo nestandardizovaný, ale hodně používaný Serial Vector Format .

Reference

Externí odkazy

 JTAG FAQ
 JTAG Standards

Standardy
Vestavěné systémy


UK's Best Park Award is now open for a public vote to select the nation's favourite local park.
A total of 360 nominations have been received the Fields in Trust's UK Best Park Awards and the online vote is now open.
The conservation charity reported a wide variety of nominations from small community gardens to large nature reserves and including sports fields and playgrounds. The park which gets the most votes in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland in the online poll will be shortlisted. The nominators will be invited to attend the Fields in Trust Awards at Lord's Cricket Ground in November.
" Despite their clear health benefits, parks and green spaces are facing an uncertain future – across the UK outdoor spaces are under threat. The UK's Best Park Award celebrates the parks and green spaces which are so vital to the communities that use them.
Last year's winner was Rouken Glen Park in East Renfrewshire, beating 213 other nominated spaces.
Keep Britain Tidy last week revealed the results of its Green Flag People's Choice vote to find the top 10 most popular parks in the UK.


text:
from random import randint
from copy import deepcopy

# Class for generic game objects and upper class for all the other objects
class Object(object):
	generalName = "Kiinteä esine"
	generalNameAdessive = "Kiinteällä esineellä"

	# Generic attributes for objects
	objectAttributes = {'object': {'music': ''}, 'className': 'Image'}

	# Static method to create unique object ID
	usedIds = []
	def createUniqueId(newId=None):
		if not (newId):
			newId = str(randint(0, 1000000000))

		failed = False
		failCount = 0
		originalId = newId

		# Loop till unique ID found
		while (True):
			if not (newId in Object.usedIds):
				if (failed):
					print("Warning: Duplicate object ID '%s', new ID set as '%s'" %(originalId, newId))
				Object.usedIds.append(newId)
				return newId

			failCount += 1
			failed = True
			newId = "%s_duplicate_%i" %(originalId, failCount)

	def __init__(self, parentView, objectId, images, objectAttributes):
		if not (objectAttributes):
			objectAttributes = Object.objectAttributes
		if not (images):
			images = [JSONImage.imageAttributes]

		# Create image objects and objectId
		self.images = []

		if not (isinstance(self, JSONImage)):
			for image in images:
				self.images.append(JSONImage(parentView, image, objectAttributes))
			if (objectId):
				self.id = Object.createUniqueId(objectId)
			else:
				self.id = Object.createUniqueId()

		# JSONImage doesn't need an image or an ID check because
		# images can have the same ID as their owners
		else:
			self.id = objectId

		i = 0
		for image in self.images:
			i+=1
			if(image.getID()==""):
				image.setID(self.id + "_" + str(i))

		self.parentView = parentView
		self.objectAttributes = objectAttributes

		try:
			self.texts = parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.id]
		except KeyError:
			self.texts = {}
			print("Warning: Could not find texts.json entry for object '%s'" %(self.id))

	# Fill in attributes from objects that were missing during __init__
	# Every item needs to implement this
	def postInit(self, getGameObject):
		return

	def getImages(self):
		return self.images

	def getImage(self, imageId):
		for image in self.images:
			if (image.id == imageId):
				return image
		return None

	def getClassname(self):
		return self.objectAttributes["className"]

	def getName(self):
		return self.getRepresentingImage().getName()

	def setName(self, name):
		self.getRepresentingImage().setName(name)

	def getPosition(self):
		return self.getRepresentingImage().getCoordinates()

	def setPosition(self, position):
		#print ("Position set to: ", position.x(), position.y())
		self.getRepresentingImage().setCoordinates(position.x(), position.y())

	def initPosition(self):
		self.getRepresentingImage().setCoordinates(0, 0)

	# Returns of the most "representing" image for an item such as open door
	# instead closed door image
	# Every item needs to override this to act properly
	def getRepresentingImage(self):
		return self.images[0]

	# Get the image activated by the given item
	# Should be overriden by other objects
	def getUseImage(self, useItem):
		return self.images[0]

	def getExamineText(self):
		try:
			return self.getRepresentingImage().texts["examine"]
		except:
			return

	# Set item's examine (click) text
	def setExamineText(self, examineText):
		self.getRepresentingImage().texts["examine"] = examineText

	# Remove this object
	def removeObject(self):
		self.parentView.removeObject(self)

	# Set whether clicking the object game will end
	# TODO: Set end layer too instead of having it hardcoded
	def setIsEnding(self, isEnding):
		if (isEnding):
			self.objectAttributes["object"]["ending"] = "end_layer"
		else:
			try:
				del self.objectAttributes["object"]["ending"]
			except KeyError:
				return

	def getIsEnding(self):
		if ("ending" in self.objectAttributes["object"]):
			return True
		return False

	# Remove text with the given text key
	def removeText(self, textKey):
		newTexts = dict(self.texts)
		try:
			del newTexts[textKey]
		except KeyError:
			return
		self.texts = newTexts

# Pickable item
class Item(Object):
	generalName = "Käyttöesine"
	generalNameAdessive = "Käyttöesineellä"

	# Generic attributes for items
	objectAttributes = {'className': 'Image', 'object': {'consume': False, 'category': 'item', 'outcome': '', 'trigger': ''}}

	def __init__(self, parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes):
		if not (objectAttributes):
			objectAttributes = Item.objectAttributes
		if not (images):
			images = [JSONImage.imageAttributes]

		super(Item, self).__init__(parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes)

		# Handle these in postInit
		self.trigger = None # Use on object
		self.outcome = None

		self.target = None # Can be any other object
		self.goesInto = None
		self.comesFrom = None

	def postInit(self, getGameObject):
		try:
			self.trigger = getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["trigger"])
			self.target = self.trigger
		except KeyError:
			pass

		try:
			self.outcome = getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["outcome"])
		except KeyError:
			pass

	def getPickupText(self):
		try:
			return self.texts["pickup"]
		except:
			return

	def getUse(self):
		if (self.target):
			return self.target
		elif (self.goesInto):
			return self.goesInto
		elif (self.comesFrom):
			return self.comesFrom

	def setTarget(self, target):
		self.target = target

	def setGoesInto(self, target):
		self.goesInto = target
		self.comesFrom = None
		self.trigger = None
		self.target = target
		self.outcome = None

	def setComesFrom(self, target):
		self.goesInto = None
		self.comesFrom = target
		self.trigger = None
		self.target = target
		self.outcome = None

	def clearTrigger(self):
		self.trigger = None
		self.target = None
		self.outcome = None

	def clearTarget(self):
		targetType = self.target.__class__.__name__
		if (targetType in ("Door", "Container")):
			self.target.setLocked(False)
		elif (targetType in ("Item", "Obstacle")):
			self.target.clearTrigger()

		self.trigger = None
		self.target = None
		self.goesInto = None
		self.comesFrom = None
		self.outcome = None

	# Set the item use text if target is defined
	def setUseText(self, useText):
		if (self.target):
			self.texts[self.target.id] = useText

	# Set item's pickup text
	def setPickupText(self, pickupText):
		if (pickupText == ""):
			self.removeText("pickup")
		else:
			try:
				self.texts["pickup"] = pickupText
			except KeyError:
				return

	# Set item's default text
	def setDefaultText(self, defaultText):
		if (defaultText == ""):
			self.removeText("default")
		else:
			self.texts["default"] = defaultText

	def setInteractionText(self, targetId, interactionText):
		if (interactionText == ""):
			self.removeText(targetId)
		else:
			self.texts[targetId] = interactionText

	def setOutcome(self, outcomeObject):
		self.outcome = outcomeObject

	def setConsume(self, isConsumed):
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["consume"] = isConsumed

	def getConsume(self):
		return self.objectAttributes["object"]["consume"]

	# Get the text displayed when this item is used on its target
	def getUseText(self):
		useImage = self.target.getUseImage(self)
		try:
			return self.texts[useImage.id]
		except KeyError:
			self.texts[useImage.id] = ""
			return ""

	# Get the image activated by the given item
	def getUseImage(self, useItem):
		return self.images[0]

	# Set the object triggered by this item
	# objectRole=0 act as a key, =1 act as inItem, =2, act as outItem
	def setTargetObject(self, targetObject, objectRole=0):
		if not (targetObject):
			return

		triggerType = targetObject.__class__.__name__

		self.target = targetObject

		if (triggerType in ("Object", "Item")):
			self.trigger = targetObject

		elif (triggerType in ("Door", "Container")):
			if (objectRole == 1):
				targetObject.setInItem(self)
				self.goesIn = targetObject
			elif (objectRole == 2):
				targetObject.setOutItem(self)
				self.comesFrom = targetObject
			else:
				targetObject.setKey(self)

		elif (triggerType == "Obstacle"):
			targetObject.setTrigger(self)

class Container(Object):
	generalName = "Säiliö"
	generalNameAdessive = "Säiliöllä"

	# Generic attributes for containers
	objectAttributes = {'className': 'Image', 'object': {'locked': False, 'full_image': '', 'state': 'empty', 'in': '', 'empty_image': '', 'out': '', 'category': 'container', 'blocked': False}}

	def __init__(self, parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes):
		if not (objectAttributes):
			objectAttributes = Container.objectAttributes
		if not (images):
			images = [JSONImage.imageAttributes]

		super(Container, self).__init__(parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes)

		# Create the available image objects
		try:
			self.emptyImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["empty_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.emptyImage = None
		try:
			self.lockedImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["locked_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.lockedImage = None
		try:
			self.fullImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["full_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.fullImage = None

		self.texts = {}

		try:
			if (self.emptyImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.emptyImage.id])

			if (self.lockedImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.lockedImage.id])

			if (self.fullImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.fullImage.id])
		except KeyError:
			print("Warning: Could not find texts.json entry for object '%s'" %(self.id))

		# Handle these in postInit
		self.key = None
		self.inItem = None
		self.outItem = None

	def postInit(self, getGameObject):
		try:
			self.setKey(getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["key"]))

		except KeyError:
			pass

		try:
			self.inItem = getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["in"])
			self.inItem.setGoesInto(self)
		except KeyError:
			pass

		try:
			self.outItem = getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["out"])
			self.outItem.setComesFrom(self)
		except KeyError:
			pass

	def getImages(self):
		images = [self.emptyImage, self.lockedImage, self.fullImage]
		return list(filter((None).__ne__, images))

	def getRepresentingImage(self):
		if self.emptyImage == None:
			self.emptyImage = self.images[0]
		return self.emptyImage

	def setRepresentingImage(self, img):
		self.emptyImage = img

	# Get the image activated by the given item
	def getUseImage(self, useItem):
		if (self.key == useItem):
			return self.lockedImage
		elif (self.inItem == useItem):
			return self.emptyImage
		elif (self.outItem == useItem):
			return self.fullImage

	# Returns True if container is locked, otherwise False
	def isLocked(self):
		try:
			if (self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked"] == True):
				return True
		except KeyError:
			print("Warning: Attribute 'locked' not defined for container object '%s'" %(self.id))
		return False

	def setIsLocked(self, isLocked):
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked"] = isLocked

	# Returns what unblocks the container
	def getKey(self):
		return self.key

	def setKey(self, keyObject):
		self.key = keyObject
		self.key.setTarget(self)

	def setInItem(self, inItemObject):
		# Clear old inItem
		if (self.inItem):
			self.inItem.clearTarget()

		# Set new inItem
		self.inItem = inItemObject
		if (self.inItem == self.key):
			self.key = None
		self.inItem.setGoesInto(self)

		# Set it to object's attributes
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["in"] = self.inItem.id

	def clearInItem(self):
		if (self.inItem):
			self.inItem.clearTarget()
		self.inItem = None

		try:
			del self.objectAttributes["object"]["in"]
		except KeyError:
			return

	def setOutItem(self, outItemObject):
		# Clear old outItem
		if (self.outItem):
			self.outItem.clearTarget()

		# Set new outItem
		self.outItem = outItemObject
		if (self.outItem == self.key):
			self.key = None
		self.outItem.setComesFrom(self)

		# Set it to object's attributes
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["out"] = self.outItem.id

	def clearOutItem(self):
		if (self.outItem):
			self.outItem.clearTarget()
		self.outItem = None

		try:
			del self.objectAttributes["object"]["out"]
		except KeyError:
			return

	# Set or remove locked state with images etc.
	# When setting locked=True, other parameters can be given
	def setLocked(self, setLocked, imagePath=None, keyObject=None):
		if (self.key):
			self.key = None

		if (setLocked):
			imageObject = JSONImage(self.parentView, None, self.objectAttributes, imageId=self.id)
			if (imagePath):
				imageObject.setSource(imagePath)
			# TODO: Put other attributes here too (?)
			self.images.append(imageObject)
			self.lockedImage = imageObject

			self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked_image"] = imageObject.id
			self.setIsLocked(True)

			if (keyObject):
				self.key = keyObject
				self.key.setTarget(self)
				self.objectAttributes["object"]["key"] = keyObject.id
		else:
			try:
				del self.images[self.images.index(self.lockedImage)]
			except ValueError:
				pass

			try:
				self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked_image"]
			except KeyError:
				pass

			self.lockedImage = None
			self.setIsLocked(False)
			self.clearKey()

	# Nullify current key
	def clearKey(self):
		if (self.key):
			self.key.clearTarget()
		self.key = None

class Door(Object):
	generalName = "Kulkureitti"
	generalNameAdessive = "Kulkureitillä"

	# Generic attributes for doors
	objectAttributes = {'className': 'Image', 'object': {'category': '', 'state': 'open', 'locked': False, 'transition': '', 'blocked': False, 'open_image': ''}}

	def __init__(self, parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes):
		if not (objectAttributes):
			objectAttributes = Door.objectAttributes
		if not (images):
			images = [JSONImage.imageAttributes]

		super(Door, self).__init__(parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes)

		# Create the available image objects
		try:
			self.closedImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["closed_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.closedImage = None
		try:
			self.lockedImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["locked_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.lockedImage = None
		try:
			self.openImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["open_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.openImage = None
		try:
			self.blockedImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["blocked_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.blockedImage = None

		self.texts = {}

		try:
			if (self.closedImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.closedImage.id])

			if (self.lockedImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.lockedImage.id])

			if (self.openImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.openImage.id])

			if (self.blockedImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.blockedImage.id])
		except KeyError:
			print("Warning: Could not find texts.json entry for object '%s'" %(self.id))

		# Handle these in postInit
		self.key = None
		self.transition = None

	def postInit(self, getGameObject):
		try:
			self.setKey(getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["key"]))
		except KeyError:
			pass

		try:
			self.transition = getGameObject("room", self.objectAttributes["object"]["transition"])
		except KeyError:
			pass

	# Set or remove locked state with images etc.
	# When setting locked=True, other parameters can be given
	def setLocked(self, setLocked, imagePath=None, keyObject=None):
		if (self.key):
			self.key = None

		if (setLocked):
			# Create locked image
			imageObject = JSONImage(self.parentView, None, self.objectAttributes, imageId=self.id)
			if (imagePath):
				imageObject.setSource(imagePath)
			# TODO: Put other attributes here too

			self.images.append(imageObject)
			self.lockedImage = imageObject

			self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked_image"] = imageObject.id

			self.setIsLocked(True)

			if (keyObject):
				self.key = keyObject
				self.key.setTarget(self)
				self.objectAttributes["object"]["key"] = keyObject.id
		else:
			try:
				del self.images[self.images.index(self.lockedImage)]
			except ValueError:
				pass

			try:
				self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked_image"]
			except KeyError:
				pass

			self.lockedImage = None
			self.setIsLocked(False)
			self.clearKey()

	# If closed, add closed image. If not closed, remove closed image
	def setClosed(self, setClosed):
		if (setClosed):
			imageObject = JSONImage(self.parentView, None, self.objectAttributes, imageId=self.id)
			self.images.append(imageObject)
			self.closedImage = imageObject

			self.objectAttributes["object"]["closed_image"] = imageObject.id
		else:
			try:
				del self.images[self.images.index(self.closedImage)]
			except ValueError:
				pass

			try:
				del self.objectAttributes["object"]["closed_image"]
			except KeyError:
				pass
			self.closedImage = None

	def getImages(self):
		images = [self.closedImage, self.lockedImage, self.openImage, self.blockedImage]
		return list(filter((None).__ne__, images))

	def getRepresentingImage(self):
		if self.openImage == None:
			self.openImage = self.images[0]
		return self.openImage

	def setRepresentingImage(self, img):
		self.openImage = img

	# Get the image activated by the given item
	def getUseImage(self, useItem):
		if (self.key == useItem):
			return self.lockedImage

	def setTransition(self, roomObject):
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["transition"] = roomObject.id
		self.transition = roomObject

	# Returns True if door is locked, otherwise False
	def isLocked(self):
		try:
			if (self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked"] == True):
				return True
		except KeyError:
			print("Warning: Attribute 'locked' not defined for door object '%s'" %(self.id))
		return False

	def setIsLocked(self, isLocked):
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["locked"] = isLocked

	def setKey(self, keyObject):
		self.key = keyObject
		self.key.setTarget(self)

	# Nullify current key
	def clearKey(self):
		if (self.key):
			self.key.clearTarget()
		self.key = None

class Obstacle(Object):
	generalName = "Este"
	generalNameAdessive = "Esteellä"

	# Generic attributes for obstacles
	objectAttributes = {'className': 'Image', 'object': {'related': [], 'target': '', 'trigger': '', 'blocking_image': '', 'category': 'obstacle', 'blocking': True}}

	def __init__(self, parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes):
		if not (objectAttributes):
			objectAttributes = Obstacle.objectAttributes
		if not (images):
			images = [JSONImage.imageAttributes]

		super(Obstacle, self).__init__(parentView, itemId, images, objectAttributes)
		# Create the available image objects
		try:
			self.blockingImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["blocking_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.blockingImage = None

		try:
			# TODO: To be implemented in kiigame
			self.unblockingImage = self.getImage(objectAttributes["object"]["unblocking_image"])
		except KeyError:
			self.unblockingImage = None

		self.texts = {}

		try:
			if (self.blockingImage):
				self.texts.update(parentView.scenarioData.texts[self.blockingImage.id])
		except KeyError:
			print("Warning: Could not find texts.json entry for object '%s'" %(self.id))
		try:
			if (self.unblockingImage):
				self.texts.update(self.texts[self.unblockingText.id])
		except KeyError:
			print("Warning: Could not find texts.json entry for object '%s'" %(self.id))

		# Handle these in postInit
		self.blockTarget = None
		self.trigger = None

	def postInit(self, getGameObject):
		try:
			self.blockTarget = getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["target"])
		except KeyError:
			pass

		try:
			self.setTrigger(getGameObject("object", self.objectAttributes["object"]["trigger"]))
		except KeyError:
			pass

	def getImages(self):
		images = [self.blockingImage, self.unblockingImage]
		return list(filter((None).__ne__, images))

	def getRepresentingImage(self):
		if self.blockingImage == None:
			self.blockingImage = self.images[0]
		return self.blockingImage

	def setRepresentingImage(self, img):
		self.blockingImage = img

	# Get the image activated by the given item
	def getUseImage(self, useItem):
		if (self.trigger == useItem):
			return self.blockingImage

	# Returns what unblocks the obstacle
	def getKey(self):
		return self.trigger

	# Set which object blocks
	def setTrigger(self, triggerObject):
		self.trigger = triggerObject
		self.trigger.setTarget(self)

	def clearTrigger(self):
		self.trigger.clearTarget()
		self.trigger = None

	def setBlockTarget(self, targetObject):
		self.blockTarget = targetObject
		self.objectAttributes["object"]["target"] = targetObject.id

	def clearBlockTarget(self):
		self.blockTarget = None
		try:
			del self.objectAttributes["object"]["target"]
		except KeyError:
			pass

# Image object representing what is in the JSON texts
class JSONImage(Object):
	imageAttributes = {'category': '', 'id': '', 'object_name': '', 'src': '', 'visible': False, 'x': 0, 'y': 0}

	generalName = "Kuva"
	generalNameAdessive = "Kuvalla"

	# imageAttributes has to be dict, not a list as with other objects
	# objectAttributes is a dict with object, attrs and className keys
	def __init__(self, parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId=None):

		if not (imageAttributes):
			imageAttributes = deepcopy(JSONImage.imageAttributes)
			self.absoluteImagePath = None

		if not (imageId):
			imageId = imageAttributes["id"]

		super(JSONImage, self).__init__(parentView, imageId, None, objectAttributes)

		self.imageAttributes = imageAttributes
		self.placeholderImage = PlaceholderImage(self)

		if (imageAttributes):
			self.absoluteImagePath = "%simages/%s" %(parentView.scenarioData.dataDir, self.getFileName())

	def getRepresentingImage(self):
		if (len(self.imageAttributes["src"]) == 0):
			return self.placeholderImage
		else:
			return self

	def getName(self):
		try:
			return self.texts["name"]
		except KeyError:
			return None

	def setName(self, name):
		self.texts["name"] = name

	def getID(self):
		try:
			return self.id
		except:
			print("Warning: imageID not found.")

	def setID(self, newID):
		self.id = newID

	def getFileName(self):
		# TODO: self.getSource() returns None?
		return self.imageAttributes["src"].split("/")[-1]

	def getSource(self):
		if (len(self.imageAttributes["src"]) == 0):
			return self.placeholderImage.getSource()
		return self.imageAttributes["src"]

	def setSource(self, absoluteImagePath):
		# Cut the plain filename out of the name
		self.imageAttributes["src"] = "images/"+absoluteImagePath.split("/")[-1]

		self.absoluteImagePath = absoluteImagePath

	def setObjectName(self, objectName):
		self.imageAttributes["object_name"] = objectName

	def setCoordinates(self, x, y):
		self.imageAttributes["x"] = x
		self.imageAttributes["y"] = y

	def getCoordinates(self):
		#print(self.id, self.imageAttributes)
		try:
			return (self.imageAttributes["x"], self.imageAttributes["y"])
		except KeyError:
			return

	def setCategory(self, category):
		self.imageAttributes["category"] = category

	def setObjectId(self, objectId):
		self.imageAttributes["id"] = objectId

# Differentiate sequence images from normal images
class SequenceImage(JSONImage):
	generalName = "Kuva"
	generalNameAdessive = "Kuvalla"

	def __init__(self, parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId=None):
		super(SequenceImage, self).__init__(parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId)

	# Get the display time for this image
	def getShowTime(self):
		return self.parentView.getShowTime(self.id)

	# Set the display time for this image
	def setShowTime(self, milliseconds):
		self.parentView.setShowTime(self.id, milliseconds)

	# Get the fade type for this image
	def getDoFade(self):
		return self.parentView.getDoFade(self.id)

	# Set the fade type for this image
	def setDoFade(self, doFade):
		return self.parentView.setDoFade(self.id, doFade)

# Differentiate menu images from normal images
class MenuImage(JSONImage):
	generalName = "Valikkokuva"
	generalNameAdessive = "Valikkokuvalla"

	def __init__(self, parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId=None):
		super(MenuImage, self).__init__(parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId)

# Differentiate begining image from normal images
# This is here mostly for the general name and adessive
class BeginingImage(JSONImage):
	generalName = "Alkuruutu"
	generalNameAdessive = "Alkuruudulla"

	def __init__(self, parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId=None):
		super(BeginingImage, self).__init__(parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId)

class Text(JSONImage):
	generalName = "Teksti"
	generalNameAdessive = "Tekstillä"

	def __init__(self, parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId=None):
		super(Text, self).__init__(parentView, imageAttributes, objectAttributes, imageId)

	def getSource(self):
		return

	# No setting source for a text
	def setSource(self):
		return

	def getFileName(self):
		return

	def getText(self):
		try:
			return self.imageAttributes["text"]
		except KeyError:
			return

	def setText(self, text):
		self.imageAttributes["text"] = text

	def getRepresentingImage(self):
		return self

# Placeholder image to be used by other images
class PlaceholderImage(JSONImage):
	def __init__(self, parent):
		self.parent = parent
		self.imageAttributes = deepcopy(JSONImage.imageAttributes)
		self.absoluteImagePath = None
		self.placeholderImage = self
		self.id = parent.id

	def setSource(self, absoluteImagePath):

		# Cut the plain filename out of the name
		self.imageAttributes["src"] = "images/"+absoluteImagePath.split("/")[-1]

		self.absoluteImagePath = absoluteImagePath

	def getName(self):
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Alexander payne dating now
That's why he's flown to New York from Greece seven weeks after his wife, Maria Kontos, gave birth to their daughter.He's here to bang the drum for "Downsizing," a comedy about a couple from Omaha (Matt Damon and Kristen Wiig) who shrink themselves to the size of a Saltine in order to live in a Mc Mansion.The production budget was nearly double what Payne's next-most-expensive film, "The Descendants," cost to produce. Ironically, former Fox head Jim Gianopulos is now in charge of Paramount.
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Sources: paternal grandfather, Nicholas/Nikos/Nick S.
Alexander Payne recently had a business lunch with Jason Blum. Payne is an Oscar-winning auteur known for such salt-of-the-earth comedies as "About Schmidt" and "Nebraska," films where moments of levity emerge from a kind of hardscrabble realism.
"I'm hesitant to say there's, God forbid, a message," says the director, "but I liked the idea of trying to solve the world's greatest problem through something as preposterous as miniaturization.
But when you think about it, there's no better solution.
There's the look at class in America, there's political satire, a humanist point of view.
It's all crammed into one greedy package called 'Downsizing.'"Alexander Payne In the film, the characters undergo an operation that makes them 5 inches tall, after which they live in a miniature world replete with glitzy suburban developments, conspicuous consumerism and three Cheesecake Factories."It was a process of wrangling something that could go in a million different directions," says Taylor."We needed to tame the quantity of material." "It's a summing up of all the themes that I've been working with.If we are going down — and it sure looks that way — what are we supposed to do? Allow plague, food riots, starvation and natural disaster to just kill us all off? "Downsizing" was intended to be Payne's next film after 2004's "Sideways," and was conceived with Paul Giamatti in the lead role.It took more than a decade to secure the financing, and the picture only got a greenlight after Giamatti exited the project in favor of the more bankable Damon. There's too much pressure on them to sand off all the rough edges." Ultimately, Paramount backed the project after 20th Century Fox passed.Blum, the hugely successful producer behind "The Purge" and "Insidious," is a mogul of the macabre.But Payne, after seven movies that largely center on middle-aged schnooks, says he's done with dramatizing the foibles of the pocket-protector set. "I want to do something different," Payne tells Variety during a recent interview at Viacom's Times Square headquarters. They're all the rage right now, and they make a lot of money." Before Payne can team up with Blum, however, he's got a film to release.Birth Name: Constantine Alexander Payne Place of Birth: Omaha, Nebraska, U. Date of Birth: February 10, 1961 Ethnicity: *75% Greek *25% German Alexander Payne is an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Alexander's father is of half Greek and half German descent. Regarding his Greek background, Alexander has stated: I'm American, I am Greek-American, but American.He is the son of Peggy (Constantine) and George Payne. However, this crisis affecting Greece I feel that it mobilizes my DNA.Despite the upheaval, Payne isn't worried his picture will be shunted aside."I have no evidence or instinct to suspect that this film will be dumped by a new regime," he says. It's their big Christmas release." Payne is also thrilled with Damon's performance, likening him to Jack Lemmon and Tom Hanks in his ability to play an everyman.
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