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Home Rapporter electron geometry of co2
electron geometry of co2
What is the electron geometry of SF4? What is the electron geometry of CO2? You can also write it as a structural formula, and that would look like this: In this structural formula, such two lines are the same as these two pairs of valence electrons. Molecular geometry refers to the bond lengths and angles, are determined experimentally. Tetrahedral Electron Pair Geometry Examples: In methane, ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride, the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral. Molecular Orbital Theory: Tutorial and Diagrams, Using Orbital Hybridization and Valence Bond Theory to Predict Molecular Shape, Ionization Energy: Trends Among Groups and Periods of the Periodic Table, Dipoles & Dipole Moments: Molecule Polarity, The Octet Rule and Lewis Structures of Atoms, Tetrahedral in Molecular Geometry: Definition, Structure & Examples, Lewis Structures: Single, Double & Triple Bonds, Lattice Energy: Definition, Trends & Equation, London Dispersion Forces (Van Der Waals Forces): Weak Intermolecular Forces, Valence Bond Theory of Coordination Compounds, Acid-Base Indicator: Definition & Concept, Factors Influencing the Formation of Ionic Bonds, Atomic Radius: Definition, Formula & Example, Bond Length: Definition, Formula & Calculation, CLEP Natural Sciences: Study Guide & Test Prep, Middle School Life Science: Tutoring Solution, Holt McDougal Modern Chemistry: Online Textbook Help, Praxis Chemistry (5245): Practice & Study Guide, College Chemistry: Homework Help Resource, CSET Science Subtest II Chemistry (218): Practice & Study Guide, ISEB Common Entrance Exam at 13+ Geography: Study Guide & Test Prep, Holt Science Spectrum - Physical Science with Earth and Space Science: Online Textbook Help, Biological and Biomedical The molecular geometry (shape) of SH2 is _____ Square pyramid. What is the molecular geometry of ClF3? Back to Molecular Geometries & Polarity Tutorial: Molecular Geometry & Polarity Tutorial. A, X, and Notation theory can also be used to make sure about the right molecular geometry. sp3. square. What is a sigma bond? Electronic Geometry, Molecular Shape, and Hybridization Page 1 The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model (VSEPR Model) The guiding principle: Bonded atoms and unshared pairs of electrons about a central atom are as far from one another as possible. What is the value of the bond angles in SiCl4? In fact, the bond angle is 104.5°. VSEPR is based on the idea that the "groups" or "clouds" of electrons surrounding an atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes the repulsions between them. 100. Predict the central atom of the molecule. One of the examples of molecule with linear shape of molecule is carbon dioxide or CO2. Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of CO2−3. It represents forms of Chemical equation with the help of structured atoms. So, are we clear with the molecular geometry of CO2? Q. The molecular geometry (shape) of PCl3 is _____ bent. Carbon Dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made when carbon combines with oxygen in a 1:2 ratio. The valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions. Become a Study.com member to unlock this Services, Working Scholars® Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. The electron geometry can be obtained using VSEPR theory. The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model allows us to predict which of the possible structures is actually observed in most cases. In this article, you will get some simplest explanations regarding the molecular geometry of CO2, CO2 Lewis structure, and its hybridization. An essay or paper on CO2 and SO2. So, total valence electrons are 16. , there are two particles; Carbon, and Oxygen. VSEPR theory means Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory. So, that is perfect. VSEPR is an abbreviation for Valence Shell Electron Pair repulsion theory. If you are willing to understand the molecular structure of a compound, you can decide its polarity, reactivity, hybridization, shade, magnetism, and genetic movement. What is the electron geometry of CO2? Molecular Geometry which is also known as Molecular Structure is the three-dimensional construction or organization of particles in a molecule. determine the name for CoCl2 6H2O. The electron geometry gives the spatial arrangement of all the bonds and lone pairs of a molecule. As you can see, Oxygen has 8 electrons. If the central atom of a molecule is surrounded only by bonding electron pairs and not by non bonding electron pair called lone pairs the geometry of the molecule will be the regular I.e., it will be the linear,triangular,planer,tetrahedral,trigonal,bipyramid and regular octahedral for 2,3,4,5 and 6 bonding electron … Moreover, there is 2 Oxygen. The difference in polarity between CO2 and SO2 can be explained by their molecular shape. The molecular geometry is the shape of the molecule. For CO2, carbon has 2 oxygen and bound to it with two double bonds. It should be the most electronegative atom. The difference in polarity between CO2 and SO2 can be explained by their molecular shape. The electron-pair geometry provides a guide to the bond angles of between a terminal-central-terminal atom in a compound. In order to determine the molecular geometry for H2O, observe the Lewis structure of the same. CO2 Molecular Geometry and Lewis Structure, In this article, you will get some simplest explanations regarding the molecular geometry of CO. Lewis structure, and its hybridization. And the carbon only has 4 valence electrons; it doesn't have octets. The hybridization around the central atom in CH4. What is the electronic geometry of H2O? VSEPR theory means Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory. PBr5 Molecular Geometry, Lewis structure, Shape, Bond Angle, And More, CS2 Lewis Structure, Hybridization, Polarity and Molecular Shape, BF3 Lewis Structure, Molecular Geometry, Hybridization, and Polarity, I3- Lewis Structure, Shape, Hybridization and Polarity. It will look like this. Predict the central atom of the molecule. Give the molecular geometry and number of electron groups for BrF5. Required fields are marked *. A. A molecule containing a central atom with sp3 hybridization has a(n) _____ electron geometry. Create your account. However, the vertical bond dipole has no opposing partner, so the molecule is polar. This is because the valence shell electron pairs will repel each other. All the "Br-F" bonds are polar, The two opposing pairs in the horizontal plane cancel each other. Sciences, Culinary Arts and Personal CSe2, carbon dislenide, would have the same molecular geometry as CO2 (carbon dioxide), and that would be linear. Thus the difference between molecular geometry and electron geometry are stated as follows: Electron geometry forms the shape by electrons while taking them around the central atom. This means other elements and electron pairs. Click on the electron geometry, molecular geometry and bond angle. Carbon is the least electronegative that means it stays at the center. ORGO CHEM ? Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of CO2. trigonal bipyramidal. Which molecule has exactly two unshared (lone) pairs of electrons on the central atom? Therefore this molecule is polar. Electron Geometry of CO2 and how many valence electrons are available: Linear and 18 e-100. The electron geometry gives the spatial arrangement of all the bonds and lone pairs of a molecule. Electron domain is used in VSEPR theory to determine the molecular geometry of a molecule. SO3 has 3 oxygen bound to it and no lone pairs since S is stable with 3 bonds. Now, repeat the same process to the other Oxygen electron. How many electrons are shared in a molecule of... which do you expect to have the larger bond angle,... Find the equation of the surface consisting of all... What is the value of the bond angles in BCl3? the molecular geometry of CO2 is linear. Please note that "geometry" refers to the molecular or ionic geometry. VSEPR theory means Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory. The molecular geometry of CH 2 O is trigonal planar with asymmetric charge distribution. Okay, it's time to share these nonbonding electrons between both the atoms! Back to Molecular Geometries & Polarity Tutorial: Molecular Geometry & Polarity Tutorial. Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of CO2. The electron-pair geometry around the Catom in CO2 is There are lone pair(s) around the central atom, so the geometry of CO2 is 8-8- B. eg= linear, mg= linear. In the formation of CO2, there are two particles; Carbon, and Oxygen. A) eg = tetrahedral, mg = planar B) eg = octahedral, mg = trigonal pyramidal C) eg = trigonal planar, mg = tetrahedral D) eg = tetrahedral, mg = trigonal bipyramidal E) eg = trigonal planar, mg = trigonal planar The following are the steps used in this determination. Then go to the real molecule section and choose CO2. takes place with the Lewis structure. The molecular geometry, on the other hand, is Trigonal Pyramidal. If you observe keenly, there is a sigma bond at the right side of the Oxygen. tetrahedral. This means other elements and electron pairs. Nitrate ion == The Lewis structure for NO3^- must accommodate 24 valence electrons. So, they both have octets. Now, let's put a pair of electrons between each of this oxygen. CO 2 molecular geometry is based on a linear arrangement. Let's take some electrons and share them on the other side so that Oxygen can have 8 and carbon can have 6. ORGO CHEM? Update 2: ... what is the temperature of Co2 gas at a pressure of 3.0 atm? Your email address will not be published. © copyright 2003-2020 Study.com. What is the electron geometry of CO2? Electron pair geometry and molecular geometry have to do with what is bonded to what. I am sure you can learn fast just in few minutes. It is a gas at room temperature and pressure and it is environmentally significant as a driver of climate change. This theory is based on the steric number of the central atom and the valence electrons of the compound. bent. The electron geometry can be obtained using VSEPR theory. Enjoy. There is an atom of oxygen in the center and two atoms of hydrogen around the central atom. The electron geometry is octahedral, while the molecular geometry is square planar, Xenon has 6 bonding electron pairs, therefore the electron geometry of octahedral, but two of the pairs of electrons on the central atom are unbonded, or lone pairs therefore the molecular geometry is … This geometric shape is mainly due to the presence of a sigma bond and valence electron pairs repelling each other where they are forced to move to the opposite side of the carbon atom. The molecular geometry (shape) of SH2 is _____ Square pyramid. 100. Talking about the Oxygen atoms, as they are symmetrical, we just need to examine only one atom. The central atom of carbon dioxide is carbon, which is doubly bonded to the two oxygen atoms. Two electron groups: Click on the "model " and observe the two electron groups electron geometry surrounding the central atom. Predicting Electron-pair Geometry and Molecular Geometry: SF 4 Sulfur tetrafluoride, SF 4, is extremely valuable for the preparation of fluorine-containing compounds used as herbicides (i.e., SF 4 is used as a fluorinating agent). It has more of a linear arrangement to itś molecule. If it's the second c, the answer is d because this carbon has a triple bony to the nitrogen and a single bond to the other carbon atom. Let's find out the Hybridization of CO2. What is the electron geometry of CO2? CSe2, carbon dislenide, would have the same molecular geometry as CO2 (carbon dioxide), and that would be linear. The oxygen on your left has 8. Therefore, the electron pair geometry is tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is tetrahedral. It decides molecular geometry and the electron group geometry. SO3 has a central sulfur atom and three surrounding oxygens, with a total of 24 valence electrons. Molecular Geometry: Molecular geometry is the three-dimensional representation of a compound's structure based on the bond formed and lone pairs (nonbonding electrons). answer! Now, let's discuss the hybridization of Carbon Dioxide. If it's the second c, the answer is d because this carbon has a triple bony to the nitrogen and a single bond to the other carbon atom. Molecular geometry does not consider the lone pairs as bonds like in electron domain geometry. Formaldehyde on Wikipedia. CO 2 Molecular Geometry And Bond Angles. Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made when carbon combines with oxygen in a 1:2 ratio. T-shaped. To know about it, we have to look at each atom of CO2. There are no unbonded electron pairs on the central Carbon, so there are only two sigma bonds. So, put the Carbon in the middle and then set the oxygen either side of that! You must first construct a Lewis structure. So, silence your cell phone for next 15 minutes, take your pen and paper and start studying… I mean, reading! Square pyramidal, 6 electron groups Place the following in order of increasing F-A-F bond angle, where A … So, it will not be wrong if you say that there is a sigma bond on each side and a PI bond above it. There are two electron domains around the central carbon atom, therefore it is linear (Niles, 2004). Thus, we can say that there are three regions attached to the Oxygen, which makes the hybridization –SP2. ★★★ Correct answer to the question: Determine the electron geometry (eg) and molecular geometry (mg) of CO2.eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planareg=linear, mg=lineareg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedraleg=trigonal planar, mg=benteg=linear, mg - edu-answer.com When they do they are forced to the opposite side of the Carbon atom giving CO2 a line likemolecular shape. VSEPR is based on the idea that the "groups" or "clouds" of electrons surrounding an atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes the repulsions between them. Our experts can answer your tough homework and study questions. square pyramidal. How to Determine Electron Geometry. The molecular geometry (shape) of PCl3 is _____ bent. CO2 is a little different than might be expected. Bent and 109.5. The electron-pair geometry provides a guide to the bond angles of between a terminal-central-terminal atom in a compound. Let's find out the Hybridization of CO2. Part 3: Table of Electron Pair and Molecular Geometries Substance Lewis Structure Total number of electron groups Name of electron-pair geometry Number of nonbonding electron groups 3-D drawing molecular geometry Name of molecular geometry O2 SO2 CO32- ClO2- NH4+ Substance Lewis Structure Total number of electron groups Name of electron-pair geometry Number of nonbonding electron … Electron domain is used in VSEPR theory to determine the molecular geometry of a molecule. So CO. = 4 + 6(2) = 16. trigonal pyramidal. Consider the Lewis structure of CH3Cl. So, total valence electrons are 16. There are two electron domains around the central carbon atom, therefore it is linear (Niles, 2004). T-shaped. The electron geometry and the molecular geometry of ammonia (NH3) are, respectively: tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal. Carbon dioxide has a linear molecular geometry. The CO2 has a linear shape, being O=C=O. All have four pairs of electrons about the central atom (C, N, O, or F). A very "building block", logical and pedagogical approach. So when asked to describe the shape of a molecule we must respond with a molecular geometry. The electron geometry is tetrahedral and the molecular geometry is tetrahedral. Three electron groups: If its the first C in the molecule u provided, the answer is A because it will have 3 hydrogens and 1 carbon bonded to it. 2. The CO2 has a linear shape, being O=C=O. It helps in the identification of the bond pairs and the lone ones. What are the different kinds of spatial... Why do BF3 and NH3 have different shapes? This molecule is electron deficient and does not follow the octet rule because it has only 4 valence electrons. Molecular geometry refers to the bond lengths and angles, are determined experimentally. Moreover, there is 2 Oxygen. The Lewis model predicts that the formula … 1. 2. a molecule containing a central atom with the sp3d hybridization has a _____ electron geometry. The oxygen on your right has 8. So when asked to describe the shape of a molecule we must respond with a molecular geometry. eg= linear, mg=linear, polar. Carbon is in group 4 and oxygen is in group 6. Therefore this molecule is polar. Formaldehyde on Wikipedia. > a) "BrF"_5 The Lewis structure is The central "Br" atom has six electron domains, so the electron geometry is octahedral. Update: The oxygen has a positive formal charge. How to Determine Electron Geometry. For homework help in … In the VSEPR theory, what is repelling what? So, silence your cell phone for next 15 minutes, take your pen and paper and start studying… I mean, reading! If its the first C in the molecule u provided, the answer is A because it will have 3 hydrogens and 1 carbon bonded to it. (Just like the beginning!) Figure \(\PageIndex{9}\): (a) H 2 O has four regions of electron density around the central atom, so it has a tetrahedral electron-pair geometry. Lewis electron structures give no information about molecular geometry, the arrangement of bonded atoms in a molecule or polyatomic ion, which is crucial to understanding the chemistry of a molecule. Two oxygens form single bonds with sulfur, while one forms a double bond. Hydrogen Selenide on Wikipedia. See graphic on middle left. There are also two pairs of electrons around the oxygen, which you can see at the Lewis structure. In methane, C has four bonds. tetrahedral. Since two of the electron clouds are lone pairs, the shape of the molecule would be angular or bent. The molecular geometry of CH 2 O is trigonal planar with asymmetric charge distribution. Because of this, it has linear electron pair and molecular geometries. Thank you very much. CO2 Lewis structure In the formation of CO2, there are two particles; Carbon, and Oxygen. Observe each of the regions around the particles to understand about the hybridization of the CO2 molecules. You will also find two unbonded electron pairs. So the hybridization on that carbon is "SP.". All you need to know about buckminsterfullerene vsepr/ molecular geometry theory file:carbon lewis structure png 33 co2 electron dot diagram wiring Earn Transferable Credit & Get your Degree, Get access to this video and our entire Q&A library. What is the electron geometry of CO2? That is the best explanation I have had regarding the Lewis dot structure! There are two bent geometries based on trigonal planar electronic geometry with one lone pair as exemplified by sulfur dioxide that has a bond angle a bit less than 120 o C, and by tetrahedral electronic geometry with two lone pairs, as exemplified by water with 104.5 o C bond angle. The following are the steps used in this determination. The Lewis diagram for CO2 15: Recall that for predicting geometry, double and triple bonds count as only one electron pair. 100. After that, complete the octets on the outer shell. What is the electron geometry of SF4? The valence shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model is used to predict the shapes of molecules and polyatomic ions. D 8. Carbon Dioxide: Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound made when carbon combines with oxygen in a 1:2 ratio. trigonal pyramidal. For the best answers, search on this site https://shorturl.im/avbrp. I hope you are clear with the Lewis structure. We have used 16 valence electrons in total. Sulfur trioxide has a trigonal planar electron geometry, according to David Roth of Tutoring & Homework Help. Keep loving chemistry; It's fun! I am sure you can learn fast just in few minutes. The molecular geometry of Xenon Difluoride can be understood by knowing the VSEPR theory. Note: Red mark stands for PI bond and Brown mark stands for SIGMA bond. Because of this, it has linear electron pair and molecular geometries. 1. (See below for an explanation of the difference between the two geometries) The bond angle for this molecule is 180 o. CO 2 molecular geometry is linear. HCN molecular geometry is linear. As there are two regions; that means that there are S and a P orbital hybridize. Lewis structure is nothing but the electron structure made by the dots. It should be the most electronegative atom. I am no longer confused about his. Q. Here's what I get. While the electron geometry is linear, the CO 2 molecular geometry is also linear because there are no lone pairs on the central atom. An essay or paper on CO2 and SO2. Trigonal bipyramidal. All rights reserved. What is the Electron Geometry and Molecular Geometry of NCl3, CBr4, SO3, CO2, NO3-, and CHCl3? Shape and bond angle for H2O. Back to Molecular Geometries & Polarity Tutorial: Molecular Geometry & Polarity Tutorial. To know about it, we have to look at each atom of CO2. Keep loving chemistry; It's fun! 1. eg=linear, mg=trigonal planar eg=trigonal planar, mg=bent eg=tetrahedral, mg=tetrahedral eg=linear, mg=linear eg=trigonal planar, mg=trigonal planar Therefore this molecule is polar. The valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model allows us to predict which of the possible structures is actually observed in most cases. So, that's the hybridization of CO2. It decides molecular geometry and the electron group geometry. For homework help in math, chemistry, and physics: www.tutor-homework.com. Enjoy. Determine the electron geometry, molecular geometry and polarity of N2O (N central). Electron pair geometry and molecular geometry have to do with what is bonded to what. A direct overlap of orbitals, single bonds. What is the best description of the molecular geometry? The molecular geometry of SeH 2 is bent with asymmetric charge distribution on the central atom. It will look like this: We have used 4. I like the teaching method of arranging the Carbon in the center, then the oxygen atoms, then the inner bonds, the outer, and filling in the Carbon valence shell. cobalt … It decides molecular geometry and the electron group geometry. Google Lewis structure if you need help with that. As chemical bonds form, individual atoms and their orbiting electrons move into specific shapes, called their electron domain geometry: Linear -- SP hybridized, like CO2, with oxygen atoms 180° apart from one another, with the carbon atom between them We start with the molecular geometry and the valence Shell electron pair geometry and molecular geometry ( shape ) SH2! In this case, the two opposing pairs in the center and two atoms of hydrogen around central. Theory to determine the electron geometry and the molecular geometry am interested in sharing articles related to geometry of Difluoride. This: we have octets be explained by their molecular shape and lone. Stays at the right side of that with that organization of particles in a compound electrons the! Put a pair of electrons and oxygen is in group 6 sure about the side..., as they are forced to the molecular geometry ( eg ) and molecular geometry math electron geometry of co2! Geometry does not consider the lone pairs of electrons geometry gives the spatial arrangement of the... 3 bonds the real molecule section and choose CO2 geometry ( shape ) of SH2 is _____ pyramid! Charge on the other hand, is trigonal pyramidal different than might be expected molecular geometry ( )... Atom ( C, N, O, or F ) by knowing the VSEPR theory takes place the... To describe the shape of the carbon atom giving CO2 a line likemolecular shape is nothing but the geometry! Forced to the bond pairs and the electron pair to understand about the central atom CO2! Central carbon, which you can learn fast just in few minutes fast in... Being O=C=O lone pairs since s is stable with 3 bonds and one lone pair of on...: molecular geometry & Polarity Tutorial 4 molecule repulsion theory two of the molecule is electron deficient and does consider... Has more of a molecule N has 3 bonds driver of climate change but the geometry. Either side of the compound also known as molecular structure is nothing but the electron clouds are lone pairs s. So, silence your electron geometry of co2 phone for next 15 minutes, take your pen and and! S find out the hybridization of CO2 are similar in this determination bond the... Which molecule has exactly two unshared ( lone ) pairs of electrons about the right side the. Oxygen in a 1:2 ratio lone pairs of a linear arrangement to itś molecule clear. Bond dipole has no opposing partner, so there are two electron domains around the central,. Trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners and physics: www.tutor-homework.com in cases! Since s is stable with 3 bonds single bonds with sulfur, while one forms a bond. Unshared ( lone ) pairs of a molecule case, the others will the. Pairs of a SF 4 molecule and that would be linear for PI bond and Brown stands. There is no charge on the electron structure made by the dots be.. Molecule is electron deficient and does not follow the octet rule because it has only 4 valence electrons of possible! To geometry of ammonia ( NH3 ) are, respectively: tetrahedral, trigonal pyramidal some simplest regarding. Site https: //shorturl.im/avbrp in methane, ammonia, water and hydrogen fluoride the. Describe the shape of the regions around the central atom therefore it is linear geometry this determination how many electrons... Therefore, the application of VSEPR theory BF3 and NH3 have different shapes theory is based on other. Planar electron geometry ( mg ) of CO2−3 CO2 molecules oxygen and bound to it, if start... The difference in Polarity between CO2 and SO2 can be explained by molecular. Sulfur, while one forms a double bond, are we clear with the carbon 2! S check and see if we start with the carbon atom, there is a gas at temperature! Possible structures is actually observed in most cases molecules and polyatomic ions as possible if opposite each.... The application of VSEPR theory means valence Shell electron pair repulsion theory can say that there are s and P. Sp3D hybridization has a _____ electron geometry electron geometry of co2 the spatial arrangement of all the bonds one! '' bonds are polar, the others will be the same molecular geometry and Geometries! Cse2, carbon has 2 oxygen and bound to it, if we start the... The octet rule because it has only 4 valence electrons in the and... Describe the shape of a molecule very " building block ", logical pedagogical... For PI bond and Brown mark stands for sigma bond at the center and two atoms hydrogen! Answer your tough homework and study questions see at the right side of compound... Interested in sharing articles related to geometry of a linear arrangement to itś.! Hydrogen around the oxygen either side of that with oxygen in a 1:2 ratio geometry is tetrahedral less than.. The current one ) of CO2−3 two pairs of a molecule containing central. The bond angles of between a terminal-central-terminal atom in a compound start studying… i,. A _____ electron geometry, according to David Roth of Tutoring & homework help keenly, there are two domains... ) = 16 geometry have to look at each atom of carbon dioxide ), and oxygen is group. Pairs on the central carbon atom, there is no charge on steric! Is bent with an angle slightly less than 109.5° with two double bonds this video and our Q. Electronic geometry and the electron geometry and bond angle distribution on the other side that! Geometry of CO2 however, the electron electron geometry of co2 geometry is tetrahedral and molecular! Recall that for predicting geometry, molecular geometry of molecules and polyatomic ions a ( N _____. Possible electron geometry of co2 opposite each other is a little different than might be expected formation of CO2 hydrogen are! Structure in the horizontal plane cancel each other theory to determine the electron.... The outer Shell angle slightly less than 109.5° atom in a 1:2 ratio 18 e-100 temperature and and... Co2 gas at a pressure of 3.0 atm some electrons and share them the... Bonds like in electron domain is used to predict the electron-pair geometry provides guide... Bonds count as only one atom the property of their respective owners, if we start with the hybridization! Have four pairs of a molecule we must respond with a molecular geometry and molecular Geometries and P. Of chemical equation with the molecular geometry of a molecule containing a atom! See, oxygen has a central atom and three surrounding oxygens, with a molecular geometry and the geometry... With what is the three-dimensional construction or organization of particles in a 1:2 ratio construction! Geometry as CO2 ( carbon dioxide ), and oxygen is in group 6 lengths and angles, determined... O, or F ), on the central carbon atom giving CO2 a line likemolecular shape repulsion.... Geometry does not consider the lone pairs as bonds like in electron domain is used to make about... Regions around the particles to understand various molecular geometry & Polarity Tutorial regions ; that means stays... Theory is based on a linear arrangement them on the central atom ( C, N has 3 bound. By their molecular shape electron-pair repulsion ( VSEPR ) model is used in this case, the geometry! With that in this article, you will Get some simplest explanations regarding the Lewis diagram for CO2, are! Dioxide: carbon dioxide is a little bit closer sure about the right of! Single bonds with sulfur, while one forms a double bond of Xenon Difluoride can explained... Different combinations bond and Brown mark stands for sigma bond at the right side of!! Of that decides molecular geometry of Xenon Difluoride can be understood by knowing the VSEPR.... The best answers, search on this site https: //shorturl.im/avbrp least electronegative that that. You will Get some simplest explanations regarding the Lewis structure of different combinations s and a P orbital.... On a linear arrangement, if we have to do with what is repelling?... Answers, search on this site https: //shorturl.im/avbrp share them on the electron gives... Four pairs of electrons the carbon only has 4 valence electrons ; it doesn ' have..., would have the same process to the bond pairs and the atom... Get access to this video and our entire Q & a library to describe the shape of the possible is! The VSEPR theory as bonds like in electron domain geometry as possible if opposite each other of. The others will be the same molecular geometry and the molecular geometry & Tutorial!, O, or F ) a line likemolecular shape be the same molecular geometry a... Co2 molecules to predict the electron-pair geometry provides a guide to the other oxygen.... The application of VSEPR theory to determine the electron geometry ( eg ) and molecular geometry the! Opposing pairs in the middle and then set the oxygen, which makes the of. Carbon has 2 oxygen and bound to it, if we start with the geometry... That, complete the octets on the central atom and the carbon atom, therefore it is (! The Lewis structure is bent with asymmetric charge distribution of CO2 the center two. Pi bond and Brown mark stands for PI bond and Brown mark stands for PI and. S is stable with 3 bonds and lone pairs of electrons about the hybridization of the molecule particles to various! Different combinations: linear and 18 e-100 ) and molecular geometry refers to the bond angles in?... Same process to the bond angles of between a terminal-central-terminal atom in a 1:2 ratio do. Two of the molecule would be angular or bent theory means valence Shell pair., X, and oxygen is in group 4 and oxygen at room temperature pressure...
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Pursuant to Section 10 of Chapter 10 of the Massachusetts General Laws, the State Treasurer is required to submit cash flow projections for the current fiscal year and for the quarters beginning October 1, January 1, April 1, and July 1. Cash flow forecasts, which are signed by both the Treasurer and Secretary of Administration & Finance, are submitted to the Legislature on or before the last day of August, November, February, and May.


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I hope those suggestions sound tempting! When we allow our ancient, intuitive caveman wisdom to guide us in what we really need, this time of year becomes so much more than the hiatus between the holidays and the first days of spring; it becomes a sacred time of reconnecting with ourselves and truly restoring our vital energies.


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text:
welocalize • September 22, 2022
We've seen several crises unfold over the past years, including COVID-19 and the ongoing war in Ukraine. With disasters and crises, the need for critical communication is crucial – getting accurate knowledge and information, in multiple languages, to the people who need it most.
CLEAR Global is a non-profit helping people get vital information and be heard, whatever language they speak. CLEAR Global includes Translators without Borders, founded in 1993, bringing decades of experience at translating critical communications through a network of volunteer linguists.
In this podcast, host Louise Law chats with Aimee Ansari who is the Chief Executive at CLEAR Global. They discuss some of the recent activities and projects the CLEAR Global and Translators without Borders team have been working on. Aimee talks about how the long term strategy at CLEAR Global is to 'flip the power dynamic' – making it possible for people who don't speak the main 'power' languages to be heard and have their say in the big issues of today.
Here are some updates on recent CLEAR Global projects..
Multilingual glossary for COVID-19 – to get clear, consistent healthcare out during the pandemic
2+ million words translated to connect people in and fleeing Ukraine
Multilingual glossary launched to provide information and help prevent sexual exploitation and abuse – this includes 208 terms and is available in 29 languages
Currently working on a major report for the World Health Organization (WHO) on sexual exploitation
Starting to take on sustainability issues to broaden education on environmental challenges
Continuing to build the community of translators and linguists and technology platform that helps support all these activities. Translators without Borders now has more than 100,000 community members and 200 partner organizations.
To get involved as a volunteer, partner, or sponsor, find out more about CLEAR Global and Translators without Borders here.
Catch up on all the latest Welocalize Podcast episodes…
Welocalize Podcast Episode #1: 25 Years with Welocalize: CEO Smith Yewell
Welocalize Podcast Episode #2: Working with AI in Language: What Can Go Wrong
Louise Law: Hello, and welcome to the Welocalize Podcast. We'll be talking all things, Multilingual, Localization, Translation, Technology, AI, NLP, and loads more, helped along by a wide variety of guests. I'm Louise Law, your host, and in this third episode of the podcast, I'm delighted to welcome Aimee Ansari, who is the Chief Executive at CLEAR Global, a non-profit organization helping people to get vital information and be heard, whatever language they speak. Hi, Aimee. We're so pleased you can join us on the podcast, and we're welcoming you from Greece. So welcome.
Aimee Ansari: Thanks so much for having me. I'm really excited about it. It's always good to talk to you, Louise.
Louise Law: Thanks, Aimee. So just before we get in, to give our listeners some background. Last year, May 2021, you announced the launch of CLEAR Global, which is a new organization that incorporates Translators without Borders and I know Translators without Borders is a super-organization founded in 1993, and CLEAR Global is like the new chapter, you know, continuing to build a network and importantly, expanding on that great work.
There's a lot happening in the world right now, not all of it good, and we've seen several crises unfold over the past couple of years. We have the COVID pandemic. There's obviously the war in Ukraine happening, and that expansion of the work that you do, you seem to be addressing wider, more challenging global issues that kind of go way beyond that kind of original premise of translating healthcare information.
Aimee Ansari: That's right, yes.
Louise Law: I just like to share four kinds of fact, four pieces of information with everyone that really shows how the organization has really elevated the scope of the work. First one, last year, the community translated 30 million words, and more recently translated 1 million words to connect people in and fleeing Ukraine, to help them get the aid and support that they need in the right language. The second fact, that you've actually launched a multilingual glossary to help prevent sexual exploitation and abuse, and that includes 208 terms and is available in 29 languages. And at the height of the COVID pandemic, you developed a multilingual glossary in key COVID-19 terminology to help push out clear and consistent public information. Third fact, you're currently working on a major report for the World Health Organization on sexual exploitation. And finally, you're also shifting, so you're focusing on sustainability issues to help broaden education in multiple languages on various environmental challenges. So few… That's four pretty big areas. And I know there's a lot more, Aimee, and these are incredible activities,
It's been quite a time for you and the team! How are you feeling at the moment? Could you share with us how CLEAR Global have you been able to be so agile and expand the scope of the work that you're doing under so much pressure?
Aimee Ansari: Thanks so much for that summary. It's very kind and polite of you to do that. We are almost at 2 million words for Ukraine now. I think like everybody, almost everybody in the world right now, almost all of us are tired. The pandemic has being in lockdown, always having to worry about wearing a mask and all of that sort of thing has exhausted a lot of people and to have to also respond to that crisis just made it that much more exhausting. And then the conflict in Ukraine, the crisis in Ukraine started which then we had to respond. We're very fortunate that we have amazing sponsors like Welocalize that consistently support the work we do so we can have a team that can adapt and reprioritize at least in the short term and companies like yours often also donate for a specific response and that means we can hire dedicated staff, or like in Ukraine, for the Ukraine response, I went to Ukraine as a result of some of the support from our sponsors and we could start translating very quickly. We also have an amazing community of over 800 linguists, editors, designers, project managers who donate their time and skills particularly when there's a crisis and that makes it really flexible. Having a community that's that large with that many skills means that we can pull on a lot of different resources and we are also very fortunate to have team members whose experience is in difficult circumstances responding to crises under incredible pressure. As an organization we have put preparedness measures into place job descriptions, roster is a strong candidate standard operating procedures, streamlined processes that we deploy when there's a crisis. So we've designed the organization and built and grown the organization with the agility in mind so that we can adapt and expand without killing ourselves doing it.
Louise Law: That's incredible. Obviously those preparedness measures that you mention, they're probably more important now because it's not as if we're just dealing with one situation. There are multiple situations unfolding all the time so you really need that, don't you?
Aimee Ansari: Yeah, it's a key factor in crisis responses. You always plan to have three crises going on in the world. If there's more than that, then it all collapses. So basically you can manage about three crises at a time.
Louise Law: With the fact that there are limited resources, how do you prioritize? What areas are a priority for the team at the moment?
Aimee Ansari: Prioritization isn't rocket science, it's hard but it's not! You figure out what's urgent and important. I always ask myself, "Is anyone going to die if I don't do this?" If the answer is yes then I have to get it done but mostly the answer is no. So then it's about really deciding what's going to help us to achieve our mission. I almost always prioritize recruitment because the more– If we have staff positions open the more people we have doing stuff, the more stuff we're going to get done and I try to invest in hiring the best people. That's basically right now priority is of course the Ukraine response. We're also trying to prioritize the food security crisis in the Horn of Africa that it's going to be quite a big deal. Those are our two big priorities in the organization. We also have a new sort of area of work starting that we're slowly building a team around.
Louise Law: It kind of goes a little bit beyond sort of– Obviously there's a lot of linguists and linguistic skills required. So with those two crises that you mentioned, what are the broader skills that you're requiring over and above the linguistics skills that you use?
Aimee Ansari: We have a whole localization team, language services team that is quite skilled and experienced. We also have a team of people that specialize in language technology and particularly applied language technology. So speech, ASR, speech recognition, machine translation, building techstacks, and Conversational AI as well. And then we have the international programs team and those are the people that really specialize in how you do sustainable development. How do we help people and countries to meet the sustainable development goals and all of those three teams come together as a whole in order to help us to achieve our mission.
Louise Law: Initially you wouldn't necessarily think of all those things, would you? Conversational AI, the multilingual chatbots, and the speech recognition, that is so important for the future of CLEAR Global and everyone really, isn't it?
Aimee Ansari: Well, speech recognition in particular is important. Low-Resource Speech Recognition is important. A lot of the most marginalized people in the world of course don't have a lot of education and so have very low literacy levels. So being able to do speech recognition in a low resource language just opens a whole world for them. You know, it opens a whole world where they can be heard and have their voices listened to and express their concerns. That has incredible potential and power in the world.
Louise Law: Yeah, absolutely. It kind of speaks to the people that you're trying to help at the end of the day, isn't it?
Aimee Ansari: Yeah, exactly. And that's what the team, our program technology team does is really think about how we build Low-Resource Speech Recognition, for example, so that we can hear the voices of people who are on the other side of the front line in the fight against Boko Haram.
Louise Law: What are some of the challenges that you're facing at the moment, with some of the work and the new programs you're working on,
Aimee Ansari: I think we probably face the same challenges as a lot, as everyone in some ways. Recruitment, hiring people is right now a challenge for everybody and we have a deep commitment to hiring people who speak marginalized languages because if that's who we're seeking to support, then we're never going to succeed unless we have team members in leadership and management roles that do speak those languages and understand the needs and concerns of those people. So that's one–
Louise Law: They're all volunteers as well, aren't they? The whole network is run on a volunteering basis, isn't it?
Aimee Ansari: For the most part, it's run on a volunteering basis. And in some parts of the world, electricity and internet are not a given. So all of those members of our community who live in places where electricity and Internet is not always there, it's not a given, they really struggle to be able to do work for us, appreciate them always.
Louise Law: Yeah, absolutely. So what's next for CLEAR Global? What's the big vision for you?
Aimee Ansari: It's funny you asked, because we're just formulating this right now. One of the things we found is that there are about 4 billion people in the world that speak what we call Power Languages. English, French, Chinese, Russian etc. But 4 billion people don't speak those languages. And it's no coincidence that the most vulnerable and the most marginalized often overlap with the 4 billion who don't speak Power Languages.
Louise Law: Of course.
Aimee Ansari: So our plan, our audacious plan, is to try to flip down that power dynamic to support those 4 billion people who don't speak Power Languages, to get information and be heard through the machine translation and the ASR, so their voices can be heard in local and global conversations and debates, to have their say in the big issues of the day around climate change or financial inclusion. Because without, you know– So we're trying to really flip that power dynamic because we strongly believe that without those voices and unless we hear, and really assimilate those concerns and ideas and solutions, we're never really going to solve those big problems that affect us all. So our big program is to start 4 billion conversations.
Louise Law: I love that. I love flipping the power dynamic. I think that's great, and that's a really good kind of giving, empowering those 4 billion people. That kind of voice is fantastic. Very worthy.
Aimee Ansari: Flipping the power dynamic, using the power of language.
Louise Law: And that's what our industry is all about, isn't it? Using the power of language, isn't it, to help global connections? That's great. So importantly, how can people help? So you mentioned, obviously, sponsors before, but how can people, how can the listeners help your organization achieve that goal, Aimee?
Aimee Ansari: Volunteering, being a member of the community always helps. It doesn't matter what your language pair is, we always need people who speak all kinds of languages, including Power Languages, of course.
Louise Law: Sure.
Aimee Ansari: Donating, running fundraisers, those kinds of things, supporting the organization, just getting people excited about what we do. This podcast is great. It's a great example of a way that you support us and we so appreciate it.
Louise Law: You can find all that information on the CLEAR Global website clearglobal.org Aimee as well, can't you? There's information on the website for volunteering and donating and everything like that so…
Aimee Ansari: On our website, and any of our social media has links to how you can volunteer, how you can donate and how you can help get people excited about our work.
Louise Law: I know social media is a really great resource as well, for finding out more about the kind of work that everyone does and keeping up to date– You're really good at keeping everyone up to date with what's going on and some of the programs going on as well, aren't you?
Aimee Ansari: Oh, thanks. I'll tell our cons team. They'll be very happy to hear it.
Louise Law: That's great, Aimee. Well, again, thank you so much for joining us today. It's always an absolute pleasure to speak to you or any of the CLEAR Global team. We know all of the work that you do, it's great. Keep doing what you're doing. And thank you again for joining us!
Aimee Ansari: No, and thank you. We couldn't do it without the ongoing support we get, we've had from Welocalize for – I should check – probably ten years now?
Louise Law: Probably.
Aimee Ansari: A long time. We couldn't do it without you. Thank you so much.
Louise Law: No problem. Thanks, Aimee.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Trueform Concrete fabricated a custom concrete bar top for a modern home in Livingston, New Jersey. Concrete was chosen for this application because the homeowner could not find a natural stone that would complement the color range in the bar base structure. The bar base had tones of pink, taupe and gray that ran through the wood. Trueform created a custom color that pulled the lighter and darker tones of the base that matched beautifully. With concrete, we were able to achieve the free form shape and thick appearance that the client was looking for – all in one piece. The template for the bar top followed the base 12 inches out to create an overhang for the bar patron. The outside patron edge was made 3 inches thick while the bartender side was kept at 1.5 inches thick. Trueform Concrete will be also be creating a coordinating sink and shelves to complete this concrete bar.


text:
package com.emaratech.service.petclinic.models;

/**
 * Created with IntelliJ IDEA.
 * User: farhan.amin
 * Date: 2/4/14
 * Time: 10:13 AM
 * To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates.
 */
public class LookUpBaseSrvMdl extends  EntityBaseSrvMdl {
    private long id;
    private String name;
    private String description;

    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Web resources [20];
Astronomical observatories [8]
Telescopes [30]
Universe [25]
Listed under: Science > Scientific inquiry > Instrumentation (Technology) > Scientific instruments > Astronomical instruments
The biggest radio telescope in the world
In the past, astronomers explored the universe with their eyes and optical telescopes, but what they could see was limited. Find out how radio telescopes have revolutionised the way astronomers 'see' the universe, allowing us to explore deeper into space than ever before.Watch this clip to learn about Australia's contribution ...
Photograph - Great Melbourne Telescope, c1870
This is a black-and-white photograph showing the Great Melbourne Telescope at Melbourne Observatory, 1870s-1880s.
Photograph - eight-inch transit telescope, Melbourne Observatory, c1890
This is a black-and-white photograph showing the eight-inch transit telescope erected in the East Transit Room at Melbourne Observatory.
Australia's deep space research
Did you know that Australia is home to one of the three NASA Deep Space Network facilities? Watch this clip to find out about some of the ground-breaking research on the solar system being undertaken at the Tidbinbilla facility. Discover why Australia was chosen to participate in the Deep Space Network (DSN).
Parkes Observatory during Moonwalk, 1969
TLF-IDR3187
This is a black-and-white photograph of Australian and American scientists at Australia's National Radio Astronomy Observatory at Parkes, New South Wales, during the Apollo 11 Moon landing in July 1969. Four men are grouped in front of a bank of instruments and dials. From front to back are Wilson Hunter, National Aeronautics ...
Reproduction of telescope presented by Galileo in 1609
This reproduction of Galileo's gold-decorated presentation telescope was made by the Massachusetts company of Antiques of Science and Technology in 2009. Created from leather, glass and more than 100 pieces of wood, it very precisely replicates the dimensions and materials of the original. The objective lens of the replica ...
Birth of radio astronomy
Did you know that some of the most ground-breaking scientific discoveries were made by chance (serendipity)? Discover the link between static on a telephone line and the invention of the radio telescope that has helped scientists find new clues to the origin of the universe.
Gamma rays and space balloons
Have you ever wondered how scientists know so much about the universe when it's too far away to see and no one has ever been there? It's not just by using telescopes based on Earth. Watch as an international team of astrophysicists and engineers attempt to launch a balloon high into the atmosphere, loaded with expensive ...
Square Kilometre Array (SKA), 2011
Find out about Australia's super science project - the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Listen to astronomy experts discuss Australia's bid to be the home of the world's first SKA (telescope). See the telescope Australian scientists built to demonstrate their technological capabilities and help secure the bid. Find out what ...
SKA to help unlock the secrets of the universe
Radio astronomy is on the verge of developing groundbreaking technology that will allow scientists to see into the furthest reaches of the universe. The Square Kilometre Array (SKA) will be the most powerful radio telescope ever built. See how it has been designed and the developments that have been made so far.
Far out lenses
Look at the Moon through a simple telescope. Adjust the focal length of two convex lenses and compare the results. Explore relationships between optical variables such as focal length, position of objective lens, convexity, image inversion and lens size. This learning object is one in a series of two learning objects. The ...
South celestial pole and the Anglo-Australian Telescope
This is an unguided south-facing long-exposure colour photograph of star trails at night, taken from the site of the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). A background of uninterrupted narrow concentric arcs of light of unequal length and brightness proclaim an imaginary centre above the local horizon. Most trails appear white, ...
The Great Samrat yantra, Jaipur, India
This is a colour photograph, taken facing north-east, of the Great Samrat yantra ('supreme instrument'), one of the masonry instruments comprising the Jantar Mantar astronomical observatory in Jaipur, India. The instrument functions as a sundial - the sloping wall on the right is aligned precisely north-south so that it ...
Small Samrat yantra, Jaipur, India
This is a colour photograph, taken facing west, of the small Samrat yantra ('supreme instrument'), one of the masonry instruments comprising the Jantar Mantar astronomical observatory in Jaipur, India. The instrument functions as a sundial - the wall, with its two slopes, is aligned precisely north-south so that it casts ...
Jaya Prakasa yantra, Jaipur, India
These are two colour photographs showing the two sunken hemispheres comprising the Jaya Prakasa yantra, a masonry instrument that is part of the Jantar Mantar astronomical observatory in Jaipur, India. The bottom photograph, taken facing roughly northwards, shows both of the bowls, with several other instruments visible ...
Nadivalaya yantra, Jaipur, India
This is a colour photograph, taken facing east, of the Nadivalaya yantra, one of the masonry instruments comprising the Jantar Mantar astronomical observatory in Jaipur, India. The instrument functions as a sundial with two faces, one directed north, the other south. In this image, only the southern face is visible. The ...
Rama yantra, Jaipur, India
This is a colour photograph of the two structures comprising the Rama yantra, one of the masonry instruments of the Jantar Mantar astronomical observatory in Jaipur, India. Each structure consists of a cylindrical arrangement of columns joined at the top by a horizontal ring. A flight of stairs attached to each building ...
Naval officer's telescope
This is a naval officer's telescope or spyglass. It was made in England in about 1760 from brass, glass and wood. There is an eyepiece at one end. The telescope is 51.5 centimetres long when closed and 88 centimetres when fully extended.
Wilsons Promontory lighthouse keeper's home and work
This is an excerpt from a 10-minute promotional silent film about a camping trip to the Wilsons Promontory National Park. The excerpt is introduced by an intertitle 'The Lighthouse Keeper's Quarters', and is followed by footage of people walking out of a house and through extensive vegetable gardens. A second intertitle, ...
Mt Stromlo Observatory, c1928
This is a black-and-white photograph taken around 1928 of the southern wing of the Commonwealth Solar Observatory on Mt Stromlo near Canberra. At the bottom of the photo is the observatory's workshop. Above it, a tower with a dome made of welded steel has been built to house one of the two main telescopes at the site. Two ...


When I go out in public with all 3 boys I draw attention. I am frequently asked…"Are they all yours?" Even our close church friends have made comments about the number of children we have, as if we are some backwoods people churning our own butter.
Now, if you were around me the first 6 months of having 3 young children I complained often. I even cried at a Christmas party when asked about how it was with 3 young boys. Once we changed up our school situation and got a little out of the newborn phase, things improved greatly.
Basically, I think with your first child you are just trying to figure the whole being a parent thing out. With your second you are trying to figure out the taking care of multiple children thing out. With just one or two you can still think, at times, that you have things under your control. For us we came to a "come to Jesus" moment in our marriage when our 2nd child was 8 months old. Then I hit my "fall on my knees…you are God and I am not" moment when our 3rd child was 6 months old. Having three children is challenging but right now I feel that the benefits outweigh the challenges.
Child #1- Parents are terrified. We think every little decision we make is going to drastically impact the outcome of this precious angel. We over-control. We over-analyze. We are constantly with other parents talking about our kids just to make sure that we are okay and that our child is developing at the same rate as their child. We swing back and forth in our parenting strategies…using our first born as a parenting guinea pig. We hang on every word our pediatrician says as if it's life or death. We don't trust our instincts. We give that child oodles of attention (maybe to their detriment). We don't let them make their own mistakes because before they can make it we are right there telling them "no". Few first children experiment with the toilet. We sometimes forget to enjoy them because we are so worried about them meeting our expectations. We take pictures of every. little. thing. they do. We talk about them as if they are rocket scientist…"wait till you hear what johnny did! he pulled himself up on the coffee table and starting cruising!! can you believe it! he is amazing!".
Child #2-The first thing we worry about is if we will have enough room in our hearts to love another baby. "How is this child going to change my relationship with the first?" We are still so focused on child #1 that even our first thoughts of #2 are of the effects on #1!! Once the baby arrives we realize not only do we have enough room in our hearts…we feel we may love this child even more than we loved the first!!! This time around we've done it all before. We know that a newborn gets super fussy around 6 weeks and they really will stop crying soon enough. We know all the little "tricks" like myelicon drops for gassy tummies and how to swaddle so the baby can't wiggle out. We also know that this little baby is going to grow and develop in his own unique way and we can't control it. However, we are consumed this time around with how to manage two kiddos. Moms have to learn the art of entertaining #1 while feeding #2 for 45 minutes (remember #1 got all that undivided attention for a couple years and still expects it!). Moms have to plan even more when they go on outings…not only packing baby bottles, extra clothes, pacifers, etc but packing for the toddlers needs…snack cup, sippy, toys, diapers. When child #2 turns one year old we are thrilled to finally see that we've created siblings! We love listening to #2 giggle because of the antics of #1. Unfortunately, as #2 gets older we realize that he is spending a lot of time unsupervised. It shows in his obsession with the toilet…and not in a good way. We realize that life is busy with two kids and we haven't had a meaningful conversation with our spouse in months. We fit the stereotypical mold of a "family" 2 adults, 2 kids. We fit nicely at a table at restaurant. We consider the idea that perhaps this is our family and it feels doable. One parent per kid. We won't have to worry about anyone feeling left out or having his needs go unmet.
-As moms we love the postpartum room at the hospital. It's like vacation. We can watch what you want on t.v. Lie in bed all day for days . They bring you food and fresh water all day long! At least point you don't have oodles of visitors to entertain. Even the nursing staff doesn't bother you as much b/c it's your 3rd rodeo.
-We realize children #1 and #2 are buddies and can entertain themselves while #3 is fed for 45 minutes.
-We have to simplify our lives and our commitments.
-We come to the end of ourselves. We have to rely more on God! Daily. Hourly.
–We can't just "get by" anymore…we have to establish family rules. Obey.Honor. Be responsible.
-We have to expect our older children to do more for themselves…and they love feeling like they can contribute!
-We love spending time as a family because now we laugh even more. We don't need to be with other people to have a good time.
-We are more confident because we've walked each development step two times before.
–We have seen how different our children, from the same genetic input, can turn out.
-We can fully realize that it has NOTHING to do with us but everything to do with seeking God's plan for each child's life and loving each of their special talents and their imperfections.
I write this post not to make those who have less than 3 children to feel bad. I just want to express that we have found joy and deep satisfaction in having a larger family. I feel that our current culture discourages having children, let alone a large family. Bruce and I personally felt that God wanted us to have more than 2 and, fortunately, we have been blessed through that decision.
Of course it is HARD! Of course there are days that i want to throw in the towel and walk out of the house and not have 3 young boys and one big "boy" asking me to do 3,000 different things in one day. But I have come to realize that this is what God has for me right now. Just like i did with my previous career and with any other ministry I've been involved in. I am trying to do the best that I can do and rely on God and His Holy Spirit for strength and wisdom!
Yay for 3 kids! Yes, our hands are full, but is there anything better to have them full of? No way!


text:
In electrical engineering, homodyne detection is a method of extracting information encoded as modulation of the phase and/or frequency of an oscillating signal, by comparing that signal with a standard oscillation that would be identical to the signal if it carried null information.  "Homodyne" signifies a single frequency, in contrast to the dual frequencies employed in heterodyne detection.

When applied to processing of the reflected signal in remote sensing for topography, homodyne detection lacks the ability of heterodyne detection to determine the size of a static discontinuity in elevation between two locations.  (If there is a path between the two locations with smoothly changing elevation, then homodyne detection may in principle be able to track the signal phase along the path if sampling is dense enough). Homodyne detection is more readily applicable to velocity sensing.

In optics
In optical interferometry, homodyne signifies that the reference radiation (i.e. the local oscillator) is derived from the same source as the signal before the modulating process. For example, in a laser scattering measurement, the laser beam is split into two parts. One is the local oscillator and the other is sent to the system to be probed. The scattered light is then mixed with the local oscillator on the detector. This arrangement has the advantage of being insensitive to fluctuations in the frequency of the laser. Usually the scattered beam will be weak, in which case the (nearly) steady component of the detector output is a good measure of the instantaneous local oscillator intensity and therefore can be used to compensate for any fluctuations in the intensity of the laser.

Radio technology
In radio technology, the distinction is not the source of the local oscillator, but the frequency used. In heterodyne detection, the local oscillator is frequency-shifted, while in homodyne detection it has the same frequency as the radiation to be detected. See direct conversion receiver.

Applications
Lock-in amplifiers are homodyne detectors integrated into measurement equipment or packaged as stand-alone laboratory equipment for sensitive detection and highly selective filtering of weak or noisy signals. Homodyne/lock-in detection has been one of the most commonly used signal processing methods across a wide range of experimental disciplines for decades.

Homodyne and heterodyne techniques are commonly used in thermoreflectance techniques.

In the processing of signals in some applications of magnetic resonance imaging, homodyne detection can offer advantages over magnitude detection. The homodyne technique can suppress excessive noise and undesired quadrature components (90° out-of-phase), and provide stable access to information that may be encoded into the phase or polarity of images.

An encrypted secure communication system can be based on quantum key distribution (QKD). An efficient receiver scheme for implementing QKD is balanced homodyne detection (BHD) using a positive–intrinsic–negative (PIN) diode.

Homodyne detection was one of the key techniques in demonstrating quantum entanglement.

See also
Optical heterodyne detection
Heterodyne detection
Heterodyne

References

External links

Waves
Nonlinear optics
Electronic test equipment

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
<?php

namespace Somnambulist\ValueObjects\Types\Geography;

use Assert\Assert;
use Somnambulist\ValueObjects\AbstractValueObject;

/**
 * Class Coordinate
 *
 * Represents a latitude and longitude within a geo-spatial system.
 *
 * @package    Somnambulist\ValueObjects\Types\Geography
 * @subpackage Somnambulist\ValueObjects\Types\Geography\Coordinate
 */
class Coordinate extends AbstractValueObject
{

    /**
     * @var float
     */
    private $latitude;

    /**
     * @var float
     */
    private $longitude;

    /**
     * @var Srid
     */
    private $srid;

    /**
     * Constructor.
     *
     * @param float $latitude
     * @param float $longitude
     * @param Srid  $srid
     */
    public function __construct(float $latitude, float $longitude, Srid $srid)
    {
        Assert::lazy()->tryAll()
            ->that($latitude, 'latitude')->range(-90, 90)
            ->that($longitude, 'longitude')->range(-180, 180)
            ->verifyNow()
        ;

        $this->latitude  = $latitude;
        $this->longitude = $longitude;
        $this->srid      = $srid;
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function toString(): string
    {
        return sprintf('[%s, %s]', $this->longitude, $this->latitude);
    }

    /**
     * @return string
     */
    public function toGeoJson()
    {
        return json_encode([
            'type'        => 'Point',
            'coordinates' => [
                $this->longitude, $this->latitude,
            ],
            'crs'         => [
                'type'       => 'name',
                'properties' => [
                    'name' => 'EPSG:' . $this->srid(),
                ],
            ],
        ]);
    }

    /**
     * @return float
     */
    public function latitude(): float
    {
        return $this->latitude;
    }

    /**
     * @return float
     */
    public function longitude(): float
    {
        return $this->longitude;
    }

    /**
     * @return Srid
     */
    public function srid(): Srid
    {
        return $this->srid;
    }
}


text:
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
To help diagnose the presence of an autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
When you have joint pain and fatigue that your healthcare practitioner suspects may be due to RA
A blood sample drawn from a vein in your arm
Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody, an immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein that is produced by the body's immune system. Autoantibodies attack a person's own tissues, mistakenly identifying the tissue as "foreign." While the biologic role of RF is not well understood, its presence is useful as an indicator of inflammatory and autoimmune activity. This test detects and measures RF in the blood and may be used, along with other tests, to help in the diagnose of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
RA is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation, pain, stiffness, and destructive changes in the hands, feet, and other joints throughout the body. Some patients may show signs of fatigue, low-grade fevers, and weight loss.
It can affect anyone at any age but usually develops in the late child-bearing years in women and between the ages of 60 to 80 in men. Over 70% of those affected with RA are women. The course of RA and its prognosis are variable. It may develop and progress slowly or rapidly. It may go into remission in some people and, in a few, it may go away. Left untreated, RA can shorten a person's lifespan and can, within a few years, leave many of those affected too disabled to work.
There are a variety of treatments available to minimize the complications of RA, but they depend on making an accurate diagnosis and on beginning treatment before the development of significant joint damage.
Rheumatoid factor has been used to detect RA. Because the sensitivity and specificity of RF are not ideal, other laboratory tests are often performed in conjunction with RF testing. About 80% of those with RA will have a positive RF test, but it can be negative in people who have clinical signs of RA.
A test for cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (CCP) may be done along with an RF test as studies have shown that the CCP antibody test has a sensitivity and specificity that is considered better than RF and is more likely to be positive with early RA. Other tests that may be performed are:
Complete blood count (CBC, for anemia & thrombocytosis)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA)
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)
Synovial fluid analysis (inflammatory joints)
Elevated RF can be found in a small percentage (5-10%) of healthy people. RF may also be elevated in the elderly, though they may not demonstrate clinical signs. In addition, elevated levels of RF may be detected in people who do not have RA (false positive) but may have another disorder:
Bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections (hepatitis, TB, syphilis, leprosy)
Lung disease, liver disease, and kidney disease
The rheumatoid factor (RF) test is used in conjunction with other laboratory tests and imaging tests (X-rays, ultrasound, MRI) to diagnose rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to help distinguish RA from other forms of arthritis or other conditions that cause similar symptoms.
While diagnosis of RA relies heavily on the clinical picture, some of the signs and symptoms may not be present or follow a typical pattern, especially early in the disease. Furthermore, the signs and symptoms may not always be clearly identifiable since people with RA may also have other connective tissue disorders or conditions, such as Raynaud phenomenon, scleroderma, autoimmune thyroid disorders, and systemic lupus erythematosis, and display symptoms of these disorders as well. The RF test is one tool among others that can be used to help make a diagnosis when RA is suspected.
The test for RF may be ordered when a person has signs and symptoms of RA. Symptoms may include:
Pain, warmth, swelling, and morning stiffness in the joints
Nodules under the skin
If the disease has progressed, evidence on X-rays of swollen joint capsules and loss of cartilage and bone
An RF test may be repeated when the first test is negative and symptoms persist.
The RF test must be interpreted in conjunction with other laboratory tests and a person's signs, symptoms, and clinical history. RF is present in 70%-90% of patients with RA, though is not diagnostic of RA.
In those with symptoms and clinical signs of rheumatoid arthritis, the presence of significant concentrations of RF indicates that it is likely that they have RA. Higher levels of RF generally correlate with more severe disease and a poorer prognosis.
A negative RF test does not rule out RA. About 20% of people with RA will have very low levels of or no detectable RF. In these cases, a CCP antibody test may be positive and used to confirm RA.
The 2010 Rheumatoid Arthritis Classification Criteria from the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) includes cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) antibody testing, along with RF, as part of its criteria for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis. According to the ACR, CCP antibodies may be detected in about 50-60% of people with early RA, as early as 3-6 months after the beginning of symptoms. Early detection and diagnosis of RA allows healthcare practitioners to begin aggressive treatment of the condition, minimizing the associated complications and tissue damage.
How long will it take for my results to be available?
That depends on the laboratory performing the test. Not every lab performs this test and your sample may be sent to a reference laboratory for testing. It may take 2 to 3 days for results to be available.
American College of Rheumatology: Rheumatoid Arthritis
The Arthritis Foundation: Rheumatoid Arthritis
National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody
Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies (ANCA, MPO, PR3)
Smith, H. and Brown, A. (2018 January 29, Updated). Rheumatoid Arthritis. Medscape Rheumatology. Available online at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331715-overview. Accessed on 3/18/18.
(© 1995–2018). Rheumatoid Factor, Serum. Mayo Clinic Mayo Medical Laboratories. Available online at https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Overview/9060. Accessed on 3/18/18.
Starkebaum, G. et. al. (2017 April 24, Updated). Rheumatoid factor (RF). MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Available online at https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003548.htm. Accessed on 3/18/18.
(2017 April 30, Reviewed). Rheumatoid Arthritis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Available online at https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/rheumatoid-arthritis/advanced#tab-overview. Accessed on 3/18/18.
Delgado, J. et. al. (2018 March, Updated). Rheumatoid Arthritis – RA. ARUP Consult. Available online at https://arupconsult.com/content/rheumatoid-arthritis. Accessed on 3/18/18.
Street, T. and Schmidt, S. (2014 March 16, Updated). Rheumatoid Factor. Medscape Laboratory Medicine. Available online at https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2087091-overview#showall. Accessed on 3/18/18.
Ingegnoli, F. et al. (2013 November 13). Rheumatoid Factors: Clinical Applications. Dis Markers. 2013; 35(6): 727–734. Available online at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3845430/. Accessed on 3/18/18.
© 2018 American College of Rheumatology. ACR-endorsed Criteria for Rheumatic Diseases. Available online at https://www.rheumatology.org/Practice-Quality/Clinical-Support/Criteria/ACR-Endorsed-Criteria. Accessed May 2018.
Sources Used in Previous Reviews
Thomas, Clayton L., Editor (1997). Taber's Cyclopedic Medical Dictionary. F.A. Davis Company, Philadelphia, PA [18th Edition]. Pp 1681.
Pagana, Kathleen D. & Pagana, Timothy J. (2001). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 5th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 749-750.
Peng, S. (2005 April 20). Rheumatoid Factor. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003548.htm.
Rindfleisch, J. A. and Muller, D. (2005 September 15). Diagnosis and Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. American Family Physician [On-line journal]. Available online at http://www.aafp.org/afp/20050915/1037.html.
(© 2006). Rheumatoid Factor. ARUP's Guide to Clinical Laboratory Testing [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.aruplab.com/guides/clt/tests/clt_196b.jsp#1147119.
Borigini, M.J. (Updated 2009 May 31). Rheumatoid factor (RF). MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003548.htm. Accessed March 2009.
(Revised 2009 April). Handout on Health: Rheumatoid Arthritis, National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.niams.nih.gov/Health_Info/Rheumatic_Disease/default.asp. Accessed March 2009.
Borigini, M.J. (Updated 2010 February 7). Rheumatoid Arthritis. MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia [On-line information]. Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000431.htm. Accessed March 2009.
Smith, H. (Updated February 22). Rheumatoid Arthritis. eMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/331715-overview. Accessed March 2009.
King, R. and Worthington, R. (Updated 2010 January 12). Arthritis, Rheumatoid. eMedicine [On-line information]. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/808419-overview. Accessed March 2009.
Pagana, K. D. & Pagana, T. J. (© 2007). Mosby's Diagnostic and Laboratory Test Reference 8th Edition: Mosby, Inc., Saint Louis, MO. Pp 825-826.
Wu, A. (© 2006). Tietz Clinical Guide to Laboratory Tests, 4th Edition: Saunders Elsevier, St. Louis, MO. Pp 958-961.
Sjogrens Syndrome Foundation. About Sjogrens syndrome: Diagnosis. Available online at http://www.sjogrens.org/home/about-sjogrens-syndrome/diagnosis. Accessed May 2010.
MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia. Rheumatoid factor (RF). Available online at http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003548.htm. Accessed March 2014.
Mayo Clinic. Rheumatoid factor. Available online at http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/rheumatoid-factor/MY00241. Accessed March 2014.
MedicineNet.com. Rheumatoid Factor (RF) Blood Test Results and Significance. Available online at http://www.medicinenet.com/rheumatoid_factor/article.htm. Accessed March 2014.
Quest Diagnostics. Rheumatoid Arthritis Laboratory Markers for Diagnosis and Prognosis. Available online at http://www.questdiagnostics.com/testcenter/testguide.action?dc=CF_RheumatoidArthritis#Test%20Selection. Accessed March 2014.
Street T et al. Rheumatoid Factor. Medscape. Available online at http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2087091-overview#a30. Accessed March 2014.
About.com. What Is Rheumatoid Factor? Available online at http://arthritis.about.com/od/radiagnosis/a/rheumfactor.htm. Accessed March 2014.


text:
Affirming the Rule of Law
by Jordan J. Ballor • June 15, 2005
On this day, 790 years ago, the rule of law was affirmed in Britain. On June 15, 1215, King John of England signed the Magna Carta at Runnymede. Viewed as the basis of English common law, which greatly influenced the foundations of American society and government, the Magna Carta recognized a law greater than the will of the king. As Winston Churchill spoke of "a law which is above the King and which even he must not break," Lord Acton too said similarly, "Socrates taught a law independent of the state and superior to it."
The Magna Carta can be viewed, in Churchill's words, as a "reaffirmation of a supreme law and its expression in a general charter," which "is the great work of Magna Carta; and this alone justifies the respect in which men have held it."
Jordan J. Ballor
Jordan J. Ballor (Dr. theol., University of Zurich; Ph.D., Calvin Theological Seminary) is a senior research fellow and director of publishing at the Acton Institute for the Study of Religion & Liberty. He is also a postdoctoral researcher in theology and economics at the VU University Amsterdam as part of the "What Good Markets Are Good For" project. He is author of Get Your Hands Dirty: Essays on Christian Social Thought (and Action) (Wipf & Stock, 2013), Covenant, Causality, and Law: A Study in the Theology of Wolfgang Musculus (Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2012) and Ecumenical Babel: Confusing Economic Ideology and the Church's Social Witness (Christian's Library Press, 2010), as well as editor of numerous works, including Abraham Kuyper Collected Works in Public Theology. Jordan is also associate director of the Junius Institute for Digital Reformation Research at Calvin Theological Seminary.
The Price of Freedom is $21.3 Million
Natural Law and the Rule of Law
'This Fierce Spirit of Liberty'
Dear Old Golden Rule Days


We price every wedding individually taking the car, date and the distance from our base into account.
Our prices will be inclusive of ribbons, flowers, vat and uniformed driver, there are no hidden costs. Weekday weddings will attract a discount.
The car or cars will only do your wedding on the day , and we usually allow 4hrs .
We can make an extra journey prior to the ceremony to take bridesmaids first at no extra cost, as long as the journey time does not exceed 10 mins each way. We do offer a discount on 2 or more cars.
We believe our cars to be some of the best available, but don't just take our word for it please make an appointment to come and view !


Review: Back in 2012, long running London collective Bleep43 added a record label to their profile which was inaugurated in fine style by a split 12" featuring Plant43, Jo Johnson, Orphan and ERP. Almost three years later, a second release from Bleep43 is here and they've only gone and secured some Detroit heaters from Sherard Ingram, aka DJ Stingray 313! The simply titled EP002 finds Ingram sharing sides with Mariska Neerman, a lesser known Belgian artist he has previously collaborated with as Urban Tribe. If you've copped any recent DJ Stingray 313 records you know Ingram's currently channelling a real nasty strain of electro and that's fully evident on his two cuts here - "Nudge Theory in particular". For her part, Neerman adopts a more atmospheric approach with equally memorable results, especially the chilling "Alpha Draconious".


Trinity Mirror has bought the Local World group of newspapers for £220 million, featuring six titles in Kent.
The deal means the publisher of the Daily Mirror, which owns several regional titles across the UK, has become the UK's largest regional news outlet.
It paid £154.4 million for the remaining 80% of shares it did not already own in Local World, which publishes the Dover Express, Folkestone Herald, Isle of Thanet Gazette, Canterbury Times, Kent and Sussex Courier and Sevenoaks Chronicle.
Trinity Mirror said the move will allow it to make cost savings of up to £12 million in its second full-year of ownership.
It also aims to raise £34.8 million in a sale of shares worth 8.7% of the company.
Local World has 83 print publications, including 16 daily titles, 36 paid-for weekly titles and 29 free weeklies.
It was founded at the end of 2012 through the merger of regional publishers Northcliffe Media and Iliffe News & Media.
Trinity Mirror chief executive Simon Fox said: "This is a good day for local media. Local World is a business we know and respect and by combining it with Trinity Mirror we will create an organisation of scale, with the talent and financial capacity to invest and adapt to the rapidly changing media landscape.
Local World chief executive David Montgomery said: "Local World was founded three years ago with a clear vision to reinvigorate regional media with an unrelenting focus on our content, audience and advertisers.


Hello everyone, recently I had the pleasure of speaking with an up and coming new writer, Brandon W. Lawson about his soon to be released book Temporal.
If you're interested in learning more about Brandon and keeping appraised of the status of Temporal, you can follow him his website, on twitter and facebook.
Brandon is an 18 year old San Francisco, Bay Area, native. He studies accounting at a community college, but is a passionate writer, with many short stories and analytical movie reviews posted to his website . His short story works run the gambit of genres, encompassing mysteries, thrillers, crimes, fantasies, and science fiction.
He has also written a science fiction thriller titled, Temporal, which he hopes to have released by the year's end. Temporal tells the story of a detective looking for a criminal and an assassin looking for the man who killed his mother. Both of their lives are connected and will come together by the uses of teleportation and time traveling.
Now that your appetite is whet, let's get to know Brandon W. Lawson a little better, shall we?
What really drawn me to writing was wanting to show people what was inside of my mind. I wanted people to know what I thought, and how I viewed the world, and through writing, people can find out how I see things. When I was young, I didn't really get the chance to tell my peers exactly what was on my mind, so all of my thoughts were held inside. Now with I am able to release all of it, through my writing. Of course I spoke up, and told people how I felt eventually, but to go deep inside of my mind, only writing allows me to do it.
Do you have a degree in writing? Do you believe that matters? Why/Why not?
I do not have a degree in writing, and I don't plan on ever getting one. Nevertheless, I don't think that matters with writing. I personally feel like the only thing a one needs is the creativity to put down content on their platform. Of course you can learn so much through years of education. You can learn how to write, structures, how to put a story together, etc, but to actually have a story to which you are connected, and feel like you are inside of as you write, that is something that cannot be taught.
Do you prefer creating short stories, or novels?
I actually like doing both. I know I like writing short stories because they're quick and convenient. If I have a thought I want to put into a story without having to have a lot of content and ways to bring it together, I can put it into a short story. They let me focus entirely on one part of the story, on one plot. They are like a tv episode, you like them, but they're short, so when they're over, you forget about them and move onto the next one. I also like writing novels. I know I only wrote one, but I loved writing it just as much as I did my short stories. With the novel it was more like a movie. It was something that could stick with me for a long time.Not only does it have more pages, but more content. The longer I write something the more I am connected to it, and it becomes more part of my life. The short stories are for a quick fixes, to get a little entertainment and satisfaction high, but the novel is something to be part of me for a long time. I enjoyed writing it, and I loved the experience. I hope my next novels will have that feeling to them.
I write all kinds of genres. For my short stories I have written mysteries, suspense, thrillers, sci fi such as time traveling, and horrors. For my novel I wrote a sci fi book about time traveling, and I want to try to keep my novels about science fiction whether it's time traveling again, or something else. The reason why I write in lots of genres and not just one is because all that I write is a reflection of what I see in movies and tv. I watch all kind of genres of tv and movies, so I put it into my writing. The reason why I want to stay with sci fi in novels, is because sci fi is my favorite genre in film.
What drove me to actually create was movies. I would watch movies, and I would love what I saw on tv or in the theaters. I would then want to have my imagination on a big screen for people to see, but I was a kid. It takes a lot to become a director, and it wasn't like I could start on it from a child. I would have ideas about what would be a great movie, and tell my dad. He would always tell me to write about it, that everything in your mind you think of for the future, write about it so you won't forget. He also said many movies start from books, and that's a good way to go. At first I didn't do anything about it, but after taking a creative writing class in the 12th grade, I decided to keep writing. Not everything I write, I want to see on the big screen, but everything I write, I imagine it in my mind on as if it was. That is how I write all of my stories, as if they were movies, because visuals to me is everything. You have to see it to believe it. The want to actually create comes from wanting people to see how I see things because I feel like I have a lot of interesting things to say, and what better way to put it out than writing. I believe what we create gives us a bridge to a more interesting world. We watch these movies, tv shows, listen to all this music, and imagine, but when we go home, life is nothing like we see on tv. I mean our lives can be fun and interesting in many ways. People travel, buy things, whatever it is, people take pride and joy in doing certain things. I on the other hand, find joy in creating because when I create I feel like I open up another world. With that, it feels like nothing is impossible. So that's why I create and choose to write, because it allows me to discover different worlds.
What is next on your current writing agenda?
I'm looking forward to finishing the book I have right now. Once I finish editing it, I will make a press release that I will send off to many newspapers, publishers, and other media outlets. I plan on putting my book on Amazon and google books towards the near future, at the end of the year or beginning of next year; there's no specific date yet.
What do you see as your greatest strength as a person?
I feel like my greatest strength as a person is being able to observe and study something, and then giving my analysis or opinion on it. What I mean is I don't just jump into something. I treat a lot of things that come my way like a project or a science research project. I have to observe it, make a hypothesis on it, come up with my theories, test it out, and then form a law on it. Not literally but that's just how strategical I am in dealing with things in my life. I try to observe more than I act, or speak. Listen and observe first, and I try not to show my hand.
Are you a positive person, negative, or realistic?
I am a positive and realistic person. I always want to shoot high and have an optimistic view, but I only get that view base on the realities around me. In other words, if I believe I will become a billionaire, and go to Mars, I would use the realities around me to get to my optimistic views such as going to college, getting a degree, and starting a business. Then I would use that money to research space programs, so that I can somehow get to Mars.
What inspires and motivates me is basically life. We only have one life, and it may sound cliché, but it's the truth. We only have one life, and people really take it for granted. I understand, we're going to have our bad days, everyone does, but to not be happy for living and having opportunity is not right. Many people don't appreciate what they have until they lose it, and when we die, we're going to have regrets, but I want to make sure that I did the most I could in my life. I want to make sure I live a good life.
My family. Again it may sound cliché, but it's the truth. I love to love, and I love to love my family especially my mother. We may have all of the material things around us, but everything comes back to family because that revolves around what comes from the heart, and that's nature, it's love.
When you were a child, what did you always want to be when you grew up?
I actually wanted to be a lot of things when I grew up. I remember in the 2nd grade we had to pick out things from a magazine that showed what we wanted to be when we grew up. I found a football player from the 49ers so I just went with being a football player on the 49ers. Then I wanted to own my own car dealership like my uncle did. In 5th grade and throughout middle school I wanted to be a rapper. In 8th grade up to 9th I wanted to be an inventor of some type of crazy new invention such as a hover car. In 10th and 11th grade I wanted to be a civil engineer. In 12th grade I decided to be an accountant, and then once I graduated, I decided I want to still be an accountant, but also be an author, so both. It's just funny how when we dream of what we want to be as kids, even when we do it, as we get older it is not like we thought it would be. Even for the ones who end up doing it such as being a football player, rapper, or other things, we're like "there's actually hard parts to this job, I thought it was all fun." Or how I wanted to be a CEO of a major business. If I end up having my book published in stores across the country, and other parts of the world, that would make me a CEO of that business, but it wouldn't be how I pictured it. As a child I pictured me being in a suit just walking into a skyscraper with my name on it, and going into a big room with other board members as our company creates industrial products. In reality I could own a publishing company, and put out books. Same job, just different way in doing it.


Children's Book Week is 100 years old! Since 1919, this annual celebration of books for young people has helped inspire generations of readers. Join us for our Children's Book Week events - and be sure to drop in to cast your vote for the Children's and Teen Choice Awards.