The Eaton Model of Collective Communication The Eaton Model is designed to build consensus even between hostile groups.
The PeaceWomen Project: Links many NGO efforts coordinated by the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom, the world's oldest women's peace organization.
The National Coalition for Dialogue & Deliberation (NCDD) promotes the use of dialogue, deliberation, and other innovative group processes to help people come together across differences to tackle our most challenging problems. We serve as a gathering place, a resource clearinghouse, a news source, and a facilitative leader for the dialogue and deliberation community and beyond.
The Partners in Conflict/Partners in Peacebuilding Projects: Works to facilitate the prevention or transformation of complex, violent conflicts, strengthen civil society, and promote transitions to appropriate and sustainable forms of democracy, using the techniques of multi-track or citizens' diplomacy.
The Center for Global Peace: Provides a framework for programs and initiatives that advance the study and understanding of world peace grounded in a search for a just and sustainable world order. The Center works to embody the invitation in American University's Statement of Common Purpose, "turning ideas into action...and actions into service."
Program on Negotiation (PON) at Harvard Law School: A university consortium dedicated to developing the theory and practice of negotiation and dispute resolution.
International Center for Cooperation and Conflict Resolution (ICCCR) at Columbia University Teachers college: An innovative center committed to developing knowledge and practice to promote constructive conflict resolution, effective cooperation, and social justice. We partner with individuals, groups, organizations, and communities to create tools and environments from which conflicts can be resolved constructively and just and peaceful relationships can develop. We work with sensitivity to cultural differences and emphasize the links between theory, research, and practice.
The Center for Nonviolent Communication: A global organization that supports the learning and sharing of NVC, and helps people peacefully and effectively resolve conflicts in personal, organizational, and political settings.
Jazz for Peace: When we fill our souls up with creativity, artistry and intelligence, things of that nature, we have a better chance at avoiding the behavior that leads to destruction.
Peace and Collaborative Development Network (PCDN) Created by Dr. Craig Zelizer in 2007, a free professional networking site that works to foster dialogue and sharing of resources in international development, conflict resolution, gender mainstreaming, human rights, social entrepreneurship and related fields.


Minister for Science Leeanne Enoch said the state-wide competition awards prizes of $15,000 to women working in STEM careers whose practice has the potential to benefit Queensland.
"The Palaszczuk Government is a big supporter of Women in Stem as it forms part of its commitment to encourage more women to take up a career in STEM," Minister Enoch said.
"I encourage all women working in STEM careers to nominate themselves for this incredible prize that supports innovations and celebrates Queensland's bright minds.
"This year sees a new award category for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women to recognise the work of First Nations women working in STEM fields.
Minister Enoch said previous winners have gone on to make significant contributions to science and are also wonderful role models.
"When you look at the incredible achievements of our past winners you can't help but feel immense pride with our Queensland female scientists at the forefront of many breakthroughs and discoveries," Minister Enoch said.
"We have scientists feeding the world through sustainable livestock production; establishing new manufacturing industries; and advancing medical science through drug discovery and improved understanding of immune responses.
Queensland Museum Network Chief Executive Officer Dr Jim Thompson confirmed that winners of the 2019 Queensland Women in STEM Prize will be announced in March during World Science Festival Brisbane.
James Ensor, Executive Officer and President of BHP Foundation says they are proud to support this prize as investing in ideas of today will benefit the future of tomorrow.
"STEM fosters innovative thinking and problem solving – skills that are vital to address global sustainable development challenges," Mr Ensor said.
People's Choice Award presented to the applicant with the highest number of public votes.


Capitol Hill Books, located four blocks from the Capitol Building, is a quick 30-minute trip on the orange line.
With a full course load and the busyness of a new semester, it can be hard to find a time and place to escape the chaos.
Losing yourself in one of the District's many bookstores will help pass the time on a relaxing Saturday or provide a nice break from studying during the week. Instead of dense readings for your required classes, you can pick up an easy read on a subject you're passionate about at one of the tiny book stores that dot the map.
Capitol Hill Books, located four blocks from the Capitol Building, is a quick 30-minute trip on the orange line. With a weathered, off-white awning and stacks of aged books covering the windows, even from the outside this bookstore looks unique from all the rest.
The inside has floor-to-ceiling stacks of books lining the narrow hallways, creating a labyrinth of novels. The bookstore houses an impressive collection of used books, with particular importance seemingly placed on politics and government. Book prices range from Darwin's "Origin of Species" costing only $5 to first editions upstairs priced at $120.
Adding to the charm of the store are the handwritten, and often times humorous, signs lecturing patrons on proper bookstore behavior. In front of a stack of books about Republican politicians, a sign warns customers not to look into the people's eyes because they'll turn to stone. Another quirk of the store is the bathroom, which also doubles as the foreign language section.
Capitol Hill Books has a three-level design, with the first floor housing a small cash register almost lost in the stacks of books. The basement's low ceilings and dim lighting form an almost secretive atmosphere with a soft track of classical music playing in the background. Up a narrow staircase, the second floor is also packed with books and has a handful of chairs throughout.
Bridge Street Books, located at 2814 Pennsylvania Ave. in Georgetown, is a 20-minute walk from the Foggy Bottom Metro station.
Bridge Street Books, located at 2814 Pennsylvania Ave. in Georgetown, is a 20 minute walk from the Foggy Bottom Metro station. The shop fits the classic image of a bookstore, with a two-story building cramped with books, giving a cozy feeling to each customer.
Make your way around the loft of the second floor overlooking the shelves below — with sections of cultural theory, hardcover fiction, American history, eastern religion and literature — to discover anthologies of the New Yorker or collections of Jane Austen.
The quiet atmosphere makes Bridge Street Books a great place to forget about the busy city outside, but limited space for lounging means you might want to grab your book and go.
Step out of the Woodley Park-Zoo Metro station, and after a quick 15-minute walk down Calvert Street, you'll run into Idle Time Books.
Step out of the Woodley Park-Zoo Metro station, and after a quick 15-minute walk down Calvert Street, you'll run into Idle Time Books. The bookstore's lime green exterior serves as a stark contrast to the beige buildings that surround it, but fits right in with the neon lights of the countless bars that line the street.
The bookstore specializes in used books with shockingly affordable prices – most of the books are half off the ticket price, starting at $3. Idle Time Books also houses an impressive collection of almost 100 first editions that can cost up to $400 locked away in a glass case by the cash register.
Browsing the bookstore, customers are reminded not to use their cell phones with small handwritten signs depicting caricatures obnoxiously using their phones located on walls and bookshelves throughout the store. The same signs direct readers to the store's extensive collection of genres, ranging from fiction to practically any specialized subject area.
A trip upstairs is an adventure on it's own, with a different book placed on each step for a reader to pick up and examine. Posters seem to be another specialty of the store, with panoramas of D.C. and depictions of scenes from old movies priced at about $20. Idle Time Books hosts other unusual buys, like vintage science fiction pulps for $5, copies of uncorrected proofs and even a small box of old playbill pamphlets for $1 each.
An easy ride along the yellow or green line brings you to The Potter's House, a trendy, cozy bookstore in Adams Morgan.
An easy ride along the yellow or green line brings you to this trendy, cozy bookstore in Adams Morgan. The Potter's House, located at 1658 Columbia Road, fits in perfectly with the edgy vibe of the neighborhood. This cafe serves up unexpected twists on traditional coffee shop treats.
On bookshelves alongside the exposed brick walls, the selection of new books is wide but not deep. With sections including health and wellness, ecology, food and movements and activism, there are plenty of intriguing options.
The store offers both indoor and outdoor seating, including screen-free seats set aside specifically for those testing out a new novel without the distraction of phones. Signs on the tables that suggest sharing the seats with others add to the community aspect of the store that The Potter's House advertises.
The Potter's House cafe has a weekday menu featuring hearty breakfast items like huevos rancheros ($10) or a breakfast sandwich with soft fried egg, heirloom tomato and arugula on baguette ($6). On the weekends, they offer expanded brunch and dinner menus. The Potter's House is the perfect place to grab an iced tea or a staple sweet potato chocolate chip muffin and fall into a new book for the afternoon.


Fall Rummage Sale October 18-19!
Our Rummage Sale is back! This fall's dates will be Thursday, October 18th from 9:30am-4:00pm and Friday, October 19th from 9:30am-12:00pm. As usual, the sale will be held downstairs in the church house (9 River St. in Hudson Falls). Please enter at the rear of the building. See you there!


Estate administration is the resolution and distribution of a decedent's property. This undertaking must be done during a time of mourning and sorrow, but it does not need to be done without help. As an experienced firm, we can help you safely navigate through these tough times and deal with the final disposition of the decedent's estate.
You don't have to go through it alone, call us for a free initial consultation.


text:
Q: Why does a weighted sum of complex numbers stay in the convex hull Given any set of complex numbers (or 2D vectors) $x_1,x_2,...x_n$ and real numbers $w_1,w_2,...,w_n$ if we have $\bar{x} = \frac{w_1x_1 + w_2x_2 ... + w_nx_n}{w_1 + w_2 ... + w_n}$, we will find that $\bar{x}$ is inside of the convex hull formed by $x_1, x_2,..., x_n$.
I guess I can sort of see why this is true but I don't know how to prove it. My main problem right now is that although I can imagine what a conex hull would look like, I don't know how to mathematically define it to determine whether or not $\bar{x}$ is in fact, in there.
I feel like this ought to be an easy problem, but I'm having some difficulty figuring it out.

A: The convex hull of vectors $x_i$ is the set of vectors of the form $\sum_i\lambda_ix_i$ with $\lambda_i\ge0$ and $\sum_i\lambda_i=1$. In your case, the coefficients are $\lambda_i=w_i/\sum_iw_i$, and their sum is $1$. The $\lambda_i$ will be non-negative if and only if the $w_i$ all have the same sign, so in that case $\bar x$ is in the convex hull. If the $w_i$ have different signs, it will be more difficult to determine whether $\bar x$ is in the convex hull, since it may or may not be possible to express it as a different linear combination with non-negative coefficients.

A: Assuming the weights are all positive, here is an answer to your question:
A convex set $C$ is a set for which the line connecting any two points $x,y\in C$ is contained in the set, i.e. $\lambda x + (1-\lambda) y\in C$ for all $0\leq \lambda \leq 1$.
If we could show that this implies $\sum_{i=1}^n \lambda_i x_i$ for $x_i\in C$ and $\sum_{i=1}^n \lambda_i=1$ then your question is answered.  This can be accomplished using induction.  It holds for $n=1,2$ by definition, so assume it holds for all $n<m$ then we write
$$
\sum_{i=1}^m \lambda_i x_i = w_1 y_1 + w_2 y_2,
$$
where we define $y_1 = \sum_{i=1}^{m-1} \frac{\lambda_i}{\sum_{i=1}^{m-1}\lambda_i} x_i$,
$w_1 = \sum_{i=1}^{m-1}\lambda_i$, $y_2=x_m$, $w_2=\lambda_m$.  By the induction hypothesis we have $y_1\in C$ and we also have $w_1+w_2=1$, so it follows by convexity that $ w_1 y_1 + w_2 y_2$ is also in $C$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We review the research literature on relationship between environmental regulation and industrial development in three aspects of environmental regulation and investment, environmental regulation and efficiency, environmental regulation and trade. Indeed, the linkage between environmental regulation and material consumption of industrial system is absent. Environmental regulation is measured as the expenditure share for industrial pollutants abatement, and effluent charge intensity. Using panel-level data from 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China, we build correlation models between material consumption and environmental regulation, results show that: (1) there are significant quadratic function relationship between material consumption and environmental regulation. And there is the fact that inflection point exists. (2) On basis of inflection points, we make two remarkable reflections. Firstly, the inflection points are the most important scale to judge reasonability and performance of regulations. Secondly, a Pareto improvement may occur when the regulations achieve a certain target. (3) Both intensities of industrial pollutants abatement expenditure and effluent charge have not yet achieved the expected target in most regions of mainland China at present. And most of regions of material consumption decreasing are distributed in western China. Main reasons lie in the impacts of industrial features as well as the regulations.
QSAR models for chlorinated alkenes were developed between ELUMO and their chlorine and carbon content. The aim is to provide valid QSAR model which is statistically validated for ELUMO prediction. Different molecular descriptors, NCl, NC and EHOMO have been used to take into account relevant information provided by molecular features and physicochemical properties. The best model were selected using Partial Least Square (PLS) and Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) led to models with satisfactory predictive ability for a data set of 15 chlorinated alkene compounds.
This study investigated exposure to air pollutants in rooms in low-income houses at Shomolu (R1), Mafoluku (R2) and Mushin (R3) in Lagos state. The concentrations of most measured exceeded limits of Illinois Department of Public Health (IDPH) for indoor air quality. Air quality index (AQI) in rooms studied was unhealthy for sensitive people in terms of CO, unhealthy in terms of SO2 and very unhealthy in terms of NO2 while moderate air quality was obtained in terms of PM10 in most rooms. High concentrations of carbontetrachloride, formaldehyde and xylene measured could have been responsible for some of the health complaints of the occupants. Factor analysis shows that cooking with kerosene, use of gasoline generator and insecticide were the major contributors to indoor air pollution in these rooms. Therefore, there is need to urgently tackle poverty as all affected by these pollutants were poor who live in substandard houses without kitchens.
Tris (2-methyl-1-aziridinyl) phosphine oxide (MAPO) is extremely poisonous and persistent in aqueous media. An efficient UV/nanoTiO2 process was employed for its mineralization in a high duty falling film photo-reactor based on an experimental design scheme that considers interactions between the main variables. The influencing variables and their range were determined with preliminary studies. The results show substrate mineralization to some extent under mild conditions of: T = 30 °C, pH = 8.5, [MAPO]0 = 60 mg L-1 and [TiO2] =110 mg L-1. The relative importance of the influencing parameters were initial pH > temperature > [MAPO]0 > [TiO2]; while the interdependence of all the parameters was significant. Accordingly, a reduced quadratic expression was developed. Meanwhile, mineralization kinetic studies, based on chemical oxygen demand, revealed a power law model with order of 2.6 during process time until 150 min.
This study entails establishing reference standard sand in Nigeria for engineering and geoenvironmental research work. Sands from four geographical locations in southwestern Nigeria were examined for baseline geotechnical and mineralogical properties. A total of sixteen sand samples were collected. The samples were air dried and subjected to tests in accordance with standard specifications. The tests carried out were: specific gravity, grain size analysis, moisture content, bulk density, porosity, void ratio, chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction and Differential Thermal Analysis. The properties of the samples were compared with a standard (Ottawa sand in Illinois of the United States) in order to find out which of the four samples selected from southwestern Nigeria could serve as standard baseline sand. The results show that Igbokoda sand has geotechnical and mineralogical characteristics closest to Ottawa sand. It was therefore concluded that Igbokoda sand could be used as a standard baseline sand for research work in southwestern Nigeria and other parts of Nigeria since it needs little processing to bring it to the same level as standard baseline sand, like the Ottawa sand.


For more than 15 years Viajes Rosa has been offering an unparalleled service to all our customers. We strive to get the correct balance of the best prices and unmatched service all offered by a professional and dedicated team of employees. We would like to stress that all our staff are industry professionals who undergo constant training to bring you the best of the best. Clearly, we are fully licensed and regulated for every aspect of our work.
We always have the best range of offers and, obviously, we offer something for everybody. We specialise in wedding trips, family trips and breaks for solos, business travel, cruises, last minute offers, flights, short breaks and over 55s trips. If the trip exists or the hotel is open, we can arrange everything from A-Z.
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Obviously, we offer organized day-trips and tours where we use our own modern float of coaches. This means that we offer the best prices, most flexibility and the best service that you can find. Every day we have coaches crossing Spain carrying 100s of satisfied passengers who want the "fun" of Benidorm or the solemnity of the Easter Week processions. Whether you live in Spain or are only here for a few days deserved holiday, we will add to your enjoyment and understanding of this fascinating country.
We offer you the best service in English, Spanish and German.


text:
Relax: You're Not a Bad Person, and You Can Keep Your Stuff
Zach Broderick
PHIL 17A – Smiley
Paper #2
In his article "Famine, Affluence, and Morality", Peter Singer, a utilitarian, makes a deceptively convincing argument that we, as citizens of affluent countries, are morally obligated to donate most of our wealth to the starving poor. His conclusion is based on a few simple, easily acceptable premises and seems to follow soundly from those premises. Singer attempts to be theory neutral, however, and his argument can be refuted if one adopts a moral standpoint other than utilitarianism. For example, John Arthur in "Famine Relief and the Ideal Moral Code" argues in response that Singer ignores any notion of individual rights such as entitlement and just deserts, that people should have some right to what they earn and to follow their own interests. The question for this paper is whether Singer's argument can be refuted on utilitarian grounds. His argument appears to be very sound under the raw pain/pleasure mathematics of Benthamite act-utilitarianism, but then it also suffers from the same basic problems that plague such a moral system. Under rule utilitarianism, however, his argument begins to fall apart, as we must now include more advanced consequences that deal with such issues as personal liberty.
Singer's argument is very simple, which is perhaps what makes it so seemingly effective. He presents us with two premises which are easy to accept, and then hits us with a conclusion that seems to legitimately follow from the premises but which we find difficult to accept. The first premise is that starvation and the suffering and death it causes are bad things. This is relatively undisputed and is not where we will focus our attention. The second premise also appears obvious at first, but in fact it is where the argument's weakness lies, as I will demonstrate later on. Singer proposes that if we are able to prevent something bad from happening without sacrificing anything of [comparable] moral significance, then we ought to do it. He uses the example of a child drowning in a shallow pond—we might get our clothes muddy if we were to save the child, but certainly we ought to do it.
After the premises are firmly established, Singer presents us with his conclusion: that we ought to donate most of our wealth to the world's poor, in order to prevent them from starving, previously established as a bad thing. In fact, we should donate to the point where, if we were to donate any more, we would be causing ourselves as much suffering as we are preventing to someone else. At the very least, we should forgo that diamond necklace—certainly, looking spiffy is not as morally significant as starving to death.
The above is essentially Singer's argument in condensed form. Let us rewind to the second premise for a moment, as it is the most important. In his postscript written a few years later, he mentions that he purposefully does not define what is "morally significant" because he wants his argument to appeal to subscribers of all ethical theories, not just utilitarians like himself. He assumes that most people, regardless of ethical theory, would agree that the necklace is not as morally significant as someone starving to death. But is that necessarily the case, once taken on the broader scale of rule-utilitarianism? Are we in fact morally obligated to prevent harm whenever we can? In the following I will show that Singer's assertion likely holds under Benthamite act-utilitarianism, but might be refuted under rule-utilitarianism.
Let us now look at Singer's argument under the lens of act-utilitarianism. The first premise seems obvious enough; under utilitarianism, a bad thing is that which results in pain, and certainly suffering and dying from starvation is painful and bad. The second premise is a little trickier but still holds. I will divide it into two parts for easier analysis.
First, we need to define the measure of "moral significance" under act-utilitarianism, which states that an action is good or bad depending upon how much pleasure it brings about or equally, how much pain it prevents. In its most basic form, we would judge the morality of an action by adding up all the pain and pleasures it causes, and if there is net pleasure, we might consider it a good action, and if net pain, a bad one. We might conclude then, and Singer seems to support this conclusion, that moral significance is measured in terms of pain and pleasure, which is hardly a stretch under normal conceptions of utilitarianism.
Thus, when Singer speaks of sacrificing up to the level of comparable moral significance, under utilitarianism it simply means donating one's wealth, in order to prevent pain, until donating any more would result in causing as much pain (likely to oneself) as it would prevent to others. This, as Singer acknowledges, would require one to reduce themselves almost to the condition of the starving poor they are donating their money to. Therefore it would seem that the amount Singer would have us donate is consistent with the utilitarian conception of moral significance.
The second part we must address is whether we have a moral obligation to prevent such pain from happening if we can. This is where Singer's argument runs into trouble with our cultural norms. We generally only think of ourselves as having negative responsibilities—that is, we are obligated to refrain from doing certain things that would cause harm to others, such as killing and stealing. As Arthur points out, however, Singer's argument introduces positive responsibility—that it is actually our moral duty to do something, rather than simply not doing something. In Western culture, such positive acts are typically relegated to the realm of charity. Utilitarianism however is one of the major ethical theories that happens to, in certain forms, support the notion of positive responsibility. As a moral agent, one is morally obligated to act in a way which would bring about the greatest happiness. Whether such an action is positive or negative is irrelevant to the pain or pleasure produced, and thus no distinction is morally necessary. The second premise would seem to be acceptable under utilitarianism, and because Singer's conclusion logically follows from the premises, it would appear his argument as a whole is sound under act-utilitarianism.
Before we continue, it is worth noting that the point of the paper is not to argue that Singer is correct; the purpose of this last section on act-utilitarianism was to show that his argument is strongly grounded in the theory. If an individual is considering donating his wealth to the hungry, a solid case can be made that such an action would be utile. Of course, it is also possible for someone to argue that it is not utile under act-utilitarianism; such is the nature of utilitarianism.
However, act-utilitarianism is not the only accepted form of the theory. Rule-utilitarianism is another form of utilitarianism that differs from act-utilitarianism in that it judges the utility of rules rather than individual acts. Pain and pleasure are still the measures of moral significance, and are used to judge whether a given rule is good or bad. The rules themselves are then used to judge the morality of individual acts. In this way, we ask not "would this act promote the greatest happiness" but rather "if everyone acted according to this rule, would it promote the greatest happiness?" Richard Brandt provides a very nice and basic definition when quoting J. O. Urmson:
A particular action is justified as being right [in the sense of being morally obligatory] by showing that it is in accord with [is required by] some moral rule. It is shown to be wrong by showing that it transgresses some moral rule.
A moral rule is shown to be correct by showing that the recognition of that rule promotes the ultimate end.
While this form of utilitarianism comes with its own set of problems, it does have some advantages. For one, it is more practical. Rules are similar to laws, and can be easily implemented by the state. As far as personal morality goes, it is difficult for an individual to calculate the utility of every potential action; following a set of basic utile rules, however, is not so hard. Rule-utilitarianism has also been used to integrate conceptions of liberty and justice, which are difficult to reconcile with act-utilitarianism.
In order to judge Singer's argument under rule-utilitarianism, we must formulate his conclusion as a rule. Let us consider then the following: Everyone ought to donate as much of their wealth as they can to the starving poor, up to the point where giving any more would cause more suffering than it would prevent. We must now judge the utility of this rule, in order to determine whether we can accept Singer's argument under rule-utilitarianism.
At this point, many different arguments could be made both for and against the utility of this rule. I am going to offer a few brief points against the utility of Singer's conclusion, in order to demonstrate that his argument can in fact be refuted on utilitarian grounds. The point of this paper is to do just that, rather than actually attempt to comprehensively refute Singer's claim. The truth is, rule-utilitarianism could be used to argue in either direction, though I happen to believe the following arguments are the strongest and do in fact show that such a rule is not utile.
In order to judge the utility of a moral rule, we must look at the consequences of everyone following that rule; that is, doing what they morally ought to. A reasonable prediction would be that world economic conditions even out—everyone has just enough to survive, and any additional wealth gained is donated to the person who needs it most. Considering the ever growing world population and limited global resources, this prediction is not a stretch, and would likely follow from the moral rule we just proposed. If everyone did their moral duty, it would seem to follow that no one person could have significantly more than anyone else, as it would not be utile.
The situation I have just illustrated however is not much of a case against the utility of Singer's conclusion. In fact, it may just demonstrate the opposite—who's to say everyone living in minimal but equal conditions is not preferable to having billionaires while millions starve? I would argue though that there are other economic consequences that are far more clearly on the side of disutility. Before I continue I would like to preface that I realize economic arguments are generally unreliable due to our limited understanding of economic consequences. However, the following are very basic and do not demand much imagination, though they are hardly definitive. Remember, my point is not to be definitive, but rather to show that a strong case can be mounted against Singer on utilitarian grounds.
I would argue that if everyone did as they ought to under Singer, the resulting economic consequences would significantly shrink the amount of global wealth and resources, thereby leaving everyone worse off than they were before. That is, there would perhaps be even more people starving than there were previously. I will present two very simple, very probably consequences that might reasonably result in this disutile situation. The first is best demonstrated by an example, nicely articulated by John Arthur in his aforementioned essay, though for a different purpose:
Suppose an industrious farmer works hard and produces a surplus of food for the winter while a lazy neighbor spends the summer relaxing. Must our hard working farmer give the surplus away because that neighbor, who refused to work, will suffer?
This classic example is often used against Communism, though in this case, Arthur was arguing against Singer using the notion of entitlement. One could formulate entitlement into a utilitarian rule, and argue that Singer's rule is in conflict with it; this is one of the difficulties commonly encountered with rule-utilitarianism.
I will take a different approach to arguing this same point. Under Singer's rule, the notion of entitlement vanishes, as one is only entitled to what they need to prevent more suffering to themselves than others. Without entitlement, the incentive to be productive is taken away; you are not rewarded with the fruits of your labor. Similarly, there is no punishment for being unproductive, as someone else will be morally obligated to provide for you. The result is an immensely less productive world, and thus there are fewer resources to go around, resulting in the situation I posited above. This is hardly economic speculation, but rather observable human nature.
My second point is more economic in nature, but I feel it is warranted as it is addressed by Singer in his essay. He concedes that if everyone did as they ought to, our consumerist economy would slow down or perhaps even disappear entirely, but that this would probably be a desirable outcome; at any rate, we should calculate how much of our GDP to give in order to maximize donations. This appears to be completely incompatible with his earlier assertion that we should sacrifice to the level of marginal utility. More importantly though, I would argue that he severely underestimates the impact of such an economic slowdown. It is rather uncontroversial that our current level of global production, including that of food, is made possible by a complex and fragile system of economic institutions and forces. Understanding of this system is what tends to be controversial, and the lack of it is what makes philosophical arguments based on economics questionable. However, one only need look back on history to see that even a small disruption of this system can have catastrophic results, plunging the wealthiest nations into poverty; the Great Depression, which was hardly exclusive to America, comes to mind. It is difficult to fathom the effects of cutting consumption in the way Singer suggests; it is not hard to imagine that production and thus global resources will be significantly impacted.
Let us put this all together, for the sake of clarity. If Singer's conclusion were made into a moral rule, where everyone had a moral duty to donate their wealth to the poor up to the level of marginal utility, the following two consequence would likely arise: the notion of entitlement would disappear, leading to a lack of motivation to be productive; and, the lack of consumption of trivia might trigger a global economic collapse. Both of these consequences would most likely result in a severe reduction in overall production, and thus significantly less global resources to go around. Therefore, we would all likely be worse off than we were before, proving Singer's rule disutile. While not definitive, nevertheless we have a strong case against Singer's argument on utilitarian grounds, namely rule utilitarianism.
In conclusion then, I would like to reiterate the following: Peter Singer makes a very persuasive argument for charity as a moral duty that seems compatible with an act-utilitarian ethical outlook. As I have just shown, though, it is possible to make a strong case against Singer's argument on utilitarian grounds as well, using rule-utilitarianism. What are we to take away from this analysis? Those of us who were uncomfortable with Singer's conclusion but found it difficult to refute can relax, secure in the knowledge that we are not terrible people after all, and that we can keep all our stuff.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Iraq's 'wasta' system favors lucky few, frustrates many
Iraq's 'wasta' system favors lucky few, frustrates many /node/1978726/middle-east
Iraqi girls check a computer at "The Station", Baghdad's incubator for would-be entrepreneurs, in the Iraqi capital on November 17, 2018. (AFP)
https://arab.news/zh3vw
BAGHDAD: Abu Zeinab says only one of his five adult children has a job, and he only got it through "wasta," the system of "who you know" that is Iraq's pervasive scourge.
The practice has fueled frustration, mass anti-government protests and waves of emigration from the oil-rich, war-scarred and poverty-stricken country, say analysts.
"All my children, including my three daughters, have finished their university studies, but only one has been able to find a job," said Abu Zeinab, a 60-year-old retiree living in Baghdad.
"The others are trying, without success."
For his 28-year-old son, wasta turned out to be the "joker" that made all the difference, when a relative helped him land a coveted contract job, renewed annually, with a government ministry.
"Poverty pushes people toward wasta," said the patriarch, with resignation in his voice.
Wasta refers to using one's family, communal or party connections to obtain jobs and benefits — something that is universal but seen as especially widespread and corrosive in Iraq.
While the lucky few get well-paying and secure jobs with generous pensions, nearly 40 percent of young people are unemployed, with few prospects for their future.
Anger at the patronage, nepotism and cronyism that underpin the system was amid the key grievance expressed by protesters in a wave of mass rallies in late 2019.
It is the hopelessness felt by those who miss out that has fueled the widespread wish to leave Iraq, say analysts.
The latests waves of emigration have seen thousands of Iraqis freeze on the Belarus-Polish border, and some perish when their boat capsized in the icy waters of the Channel.
Some 95 percent of Iraqis say wasta is needed "often or sometimes" to find a job, according to the World Bank's so-called Arab Barometer Report of 2019.
"All of society agrees that without wasta you cannot achieve anything," said political scientist Thamer Al-Haimes.
The problem results from a "weakness of the law" which fails to create a level playing field, he said, and "hinders the development of the country" while driving emigration.
Those who fail to benefit often spend all their savings, or take on debt, to attempt the risky journey to Western Europe, dreaming of a better life and the benefits of a welfare state.
Iraq is ranked as one of the world's most corrupt countries, in 160th place out of 180 in Transparency International's corruption index.
Even though it has the second largest energy reserves in the Middle East, one third of Iraq's 40 million people live below the poverty line, says the UN.
Even though wasta is widely regarded as a problem, most people also say they have no choice but to benefit from it if the opportunity arises.
"I tried several times to find a job in any public institution — I applied more than 20 times, without success," said Omran, a 32-year-old sociology graduate.
He finally got a position in the police force, but only after joining the right political party, he admitted.
Another man interviewed by AFP, Jassem, had a similar experience: he had become a civil servant only two days after a chance meeting with an influential parliamentarian.
Iraq's bloated public sector is the country's biggest employer, and the wages it pays are the state's largest expense.
Between 2003, when a US-led invasion overthrew dictator Saddam Hussein, and 2015, the number of civil servants soared from 900,000 to more than three million.
"The dramatic rise in clientelistic hiring since 2003 has contributed to a ballooning of public sector employment," says a World Bank report from 2017.
"Employment and promotion in the civil service have become increasingly non-meritocratic, and the sector has come to be viewed as a de facto social safety net," it says.
It labelled the system "unsustainable," arguing that only a well-functioning economy with a good business environment and investment climate creates sustainable employment.
Ahmed, 29, a resident of the southeastern town of Kut, said he spent many years looking for work in his poor and marginalized region.
One day, luck smiled on the father-of-two, who has a degree in management and economics, when he met the bodyguard of a senior government official.
This connection landed him a job in education — but only after he paid a fee of one million Iraqi dinars, about $800, financed with a bank loan.
"I feel remorse because I had to pay a bribe to work, but I had to," he said. "There is no job without wasta."
Topics: Iraq jobs Employment
Iraqi cleric Moqtada Sadr's bloc declared biggest election winner
Iraqi-Kurdish woman first named victim of Channel tragedy
UN official: Libya elections could be rescheduled for June /node/2006431/middle-east
Libyans want an end to this long period of transition that the country has experienced since the events of 2011
CAIRO: A senior US official said she is pushing for Libya to hold elections by June after the county missed a December deadline to elect its first president since the 2011 ouster and killing of longtime dictator Muammar Qaddafi.
Stephanie Williams, the UN's special adviser on Libya, said that it is still "very reasonable and possible" for the country's 2.8 million voters to cast their ballots by June in line with the UN-brokered 2020 roadmap.
Libya failed to hold its first-ever presidential elections on Dec. 24 as scheduled, a major blow to international efforts to end a decade-long chaos in the oil-rich Mediterranean nation.
Williams, who led UN efforts to end the latest bout of violence in Libya in 2020, said elections are needed in the country to give credence to the country's institutions.
"All the institutions are suffering a crisis of legitimacy," she said.
"I don't see any other exit for Libya other than a peaceful political process."
The country plunged into turmoil after the NATO-backed 2011 uprising and split into rival governments — one in the east, backed by military commander Khalifa Haftar, and another UN-supported administration in the capital of Tripoli, in the west. Each side is supported by a variety of militias and foreign powers.
Mediated by the UN, an October 2020 ceasefire led to the formation of a transitional government and scheduled elections for Dec. 24. But the vote faced steep challenges that eventually forced its postponement.
Williams urged lawmakers, who are convening Monday in the eastern city of Tobruk, to agree on a "clear, time-bound process with a clear horizon and to not create an open-ended process."
"They have to shoulder a great responsibility right now to respect the will of the Libyans who registered to vote," she said.
"Libyans want an end to this long period of transition that the country has experienced since the events of 2011."
The missed election deadline came after bitter disputes over the laws governing the electoral process. Outbreaks of fighting among armed factions and the presence of thousands of foreign fighters and troops in the North African country also fed mistrust between the rival groups.
Controversial figures declaring runs for the presidency have further polarized the political scene in recent months. Among them are Hifter, Prime Minister Abdul Hamid Dbeibah and Seif Al-Islam Qaddafi, the ousted dictator's son and one-time heir apparent. Opponents of Hifter and Gadhafi have said they will never accept an election victory by them.
The country's election commission didn't name a final list of candidates for the presidential and parliamentary elections. Imad Al-Sayeh, head the commission, told the parliament Monday that militias threatened to stop the electoral process if a final list was announced.
Al-Sayeh said the commission needs between six and eight months to prepare for elections, given the uphill challenges that led to the postponement of Dec. 24 vote.
Williams said lawmakers and leaders in Tripoli should work out the disputes over the elections rules. She did not see the departure of foreign mercenaries as a "prerequisite for the elections," saying that holding the cease-fire is the priority.
"There have been mercenaries in Libya since 1970s," she said, adding later, "I don't believe that that is a card that is necessary to play at this time."
Williams also said all factions should accept the results no matter who wins.
"The way to solve this is (allowing) the Libyan voters go to the ballot box and make their own choice," she said. "Results need to be respected."
The vote's delay also threatens to open a power vacuum. Lawmakers have argued that the mandate of Dbeibah's government ended on Dec. 24. Aguila Saleh, the influential speaker of parliament, said Monday that the transitional government "should be restructured."
The UN adviser called on the parliament to focus on delivering the vote rather than appointing a new transitional administration.
"What Libyans have clearly said is that they want to go to the ballot box and choose their government, a democratically government representing the entire Libya," she said.
Topics: UN Libya elections Stephanie Williams
Libyan security forces break up protest sit-in by migrants
UN envoy says hard to hold Libya elections in December
Palestinian shot dead by Israeli troops in occupied West Bank /node/2006406/middle-east
Palestinian shot dead by Israeli troops in occupied West Bank
Violence has simmered in the West Bank, among territories Palestinians seek for a state, since US-backed peace talks with Israel stalled in 2014
HEBRON: A Palestinian tried to stab an Israeli soldier in the occupied West Bank on Monday and was shot dead by him, the army said.
In a separate incident, the Palestinian Health Ministry said an elderly Palestinian died of injuries received nearly two weeks ago when he was hit by a vehicle in Israeli police service.
Violence has simmered in the West Bank, among territories Palestinians seek for a state, since US-backed peace talks with Israel stalled in 2014.
Video circulated on social media, and apparently taken by a motorist, showed a man lying on the road at the Gush Etzion junction in the West Bank, knife in hand, as three soldiers approached with rifles trained on him. A military spokesman said a man had emerged from a car and tried to stab a soldier, who shot him dead, and that the vehicle had fled the scene.
Another Israeli military official identified the dead man as a Palestinian from an outlying village.
In the nearby city of Hebron, the Health Ministry announced the death of 75-year-old Suleiman Al-Hathalin, a veteran protester against Israel's West Bank settlements.
He had been standing in front of a tow truck that had been sent to his village of Um El-Kheir to confiscate unlicensed cars on Jan 5, a relative, Hazem Al-Hathalin, said.
He said that Suleiman Al-Hathalin was struck deliberately by the truck, which "ran him over with its front and back wheels" before driving away.
Israeli police spokespersons did not immediately comment.
In a statement quoted by Israel's Haaretz newspaper on Jan. 14, police said Palestinians had thrown stones at the truck and police forces that had accompanied it, making it impossible for them to stop and help a man who had climbed on the vehicle and fallen.
Palestinian Prime Minister Mohammed Shtayyeh said on Facebook that he "died defending his village."
Villagers said vehicles which police had sought to tow away were bought from Israelis at low cost after they failed to pass annual roadworthiness inspections in Israel.
Topics: Palestine Israel
Israel extends detention of ill Palestinian teen: father
80-year-old found dead after Israel West Bank raid: Palestinians
Protest by families of Beirut blast victims brings Palace of Justice to standstill /node/2006341/middle-east
NAJIA HOUSSARI
Relatives express anger over 'obstruction and evasion of justice' and say they support investigating Judge Tarek Bitar 'more than ever'
BEIRUT: Relatives of the victims of the explosion that destroyed Beirut's Port in August 2020 staged a fresh protest in the city on Monday, amid growing anger and frustration over what they see as "procrastination" that is hampering the official investigation into the blast.
They blocked roads and entrances at the Palace of Justice to express their "anger and deep sense of the injustice inflicted on them by all those who submit requests to reject the work of judicial investigator Judge Tarek Bitar."
Their demonstration caused work in the courtrooms to grind to a halt. The families accuse authorities of "negligence, ignoring and covering up the crime and the catastrophe of the biggest explosion in modern history that afflicted Lebanon and Beirut."
They said that they will call for an international investigation "if stagnation and threats continue, and the case is diluted."
Bitar, 48, has been unable to complete his investigation into the explosion and the part that the actions of politicians and officials might have played in the events that led up to it. The individuals under investigation include a former prime minister, four ministers and a number of deputies, senior security officials and port officials.
The work of the judge has been suspended for more than two months. He took over the case in February last year after his predecessor, Judge Fadi Sawan, who was removed from the investigation by the Court of Cassation following complaints by two ministers accused of negligence that resulted in the deaths of innocent people.
Since taking over the case, Bitar has been subjected to a smear campaign, intense political pressure and threats inside the Palace of Justice from a Hezbollah official. Suspects in the case, including ministers and representatives, who enjoy parliamentary immunity, have filed dozens of lawsuits calling for Bitar to be removed from the case.
Hezbollah Secretary-General Hassan Nasrallah accused Bitar of "politicizing the investigation and exercising discretion." The party's supporters staged protests in October demanding the judge be replaced. Supporters of the Amal Movement joined the demonstrations, which escalated into violent clashes and led to deaths.
During the protests at the Palace of Justice on Monday, families of the victims of the port explosion called on officials to make the necessary judicial appointments to ensure requirements are met for the number of members of the general assembly of the Court of Cassation. The court recently lost its quorum when one of its judges retired, which has hampered efforts to resume the investigation.
A delegation representing the protesters reached the office of Judge Suhail Abboud, the president of the Supreme Judicial Council. Members of the delegation said that when asked about restoring the quorum, Abboud told them "any legal measures that can be taken to protect the investigation will be studied."
The protesters carried banners denouncing the "corrupt political authority and state officials who dilute the investigation file, manipulate the law and want to remove Judge Bitar, who is entrusted by all the Lebanese to reveal the facts and punish the criminal perpetrators, from whichever side."
Another banner read: "No one is immune when 220 are martyred, 6,500 wounded, half of the capital Beirut is destroyed and hundreds of thousands of citizens are displaced."
In a statement, the protesters said: "Enough of wasting time, sometimes by resorting to political immunity and sometimes by accusing Judge Bitar of discretion or politicization in an attempt to remove him and end the investigation.
"Today, we affirm that we are behind the judicial investigator more than ever before and we hold the accused criminals responsible for doing nothing but obstruction and evasion of justice."
The relatives expressed anger over the failure of authorities to act on a warrant, issued by Bitar, for the arrest of MP Ali Hassan Khalil, a former finance minister who is political assistant to the head of the Amal Movement, Nabih Berri.
They questioned "how this minister was able to hold a press conference a week ago without anyone touching him."
A judicial source told Arab News that Judge Bitar will remain unable to resume his investigation until appointments are made to the Court of Cassation so that it can make a decision to do so, and ruled out the possibility of these appointments taking place before the presidential election in May.
Topics: Beirut blast lebanon protests
Fears grow over Iran influence in Lebanon after Hezbollah, Amal Cabinet decision
Qatar FM and UN Syria envoy stress humanitarian access must flow to all Syrians /node/2006321/middle-east
RIYADH: Qatar's Foreign Minister Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman on Monday met with UN envoy to Syria Geir Pedersen, during his visit to Doha, state news agency QNA reported.
During the meeting, they discussed latest developments in the Syrian crisis, and stressing the importance of continuing to facilitate humanitarian access to all Syrians.
The two sides also stressed the importance of reaching a political solution that ends the war and the suffering of the Syrian people in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions.
.@GeirOPedersen in Doha for meeting w/FM Mohammed Abdulrahman Al Thani. Appreciate the support of Qatar for my mandate and for the pursuit of a political settlement within the framework of SC resolution 2254.
— UN Special Envoy for Syria (@UNEnvoySyria) January 17, 2022
Topics: Qatar United Nations (UN) Syria Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdulrahman Al-Thani Geir Pedersen
Syrian war criminals will face justice 'sooner or later, at home or abroad'
Saudi Arabia and Qatar discuss developing cooperation in transport, logistics
Senior European politicians call for UN probe into 1988 Iran massacres /node/2006271/middle-east
Senior European politicians call for UN probe into 1988 Iran massacres
Ex-Belgian PM Guy Verhofstadt likens killings of 30,000 political prisoners to 'genocide'
Ex-UK Parliament speaker: Iran's president 'must be prosecuted for crimes against humanity. He's a disgrace'
LONDON: Senior politicians from across the EU and UK on Monday urged the UN to open an investigation into the 1988 massacres of political prisoners by the Iranian regime.
Speaking at an event hosted by the National Council of Resistance of Iran and attended by Arab News, former heads of state and senior parliamentary figures threw their support behind its campaign for accountability over the massacres.
Guy Verhofstadt, Belgium's prime minister from 1999 to 2008, described the massacres — in which Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi played a key role as a prosecutor in Tehran — as "genocide."
Verhofstadt, now a member of the European Parliament, said: "The impunity crisis in Iran reached a peak in June when Raisi was appointed as the regime's president. He's one of the main perpetrators of the 1988 mass murder of more than 30,000 political prisoners.
"Instead of being tried for crimes against humanity, he's occupying the post of presidency. This shows that impunity is rampant in Iran."
The 1988 killings heavily targeted the Mujahedin el-Khalq, an opposition group that played a key role in the 1979 revolution but was later violently turned upon by Iran's then-Supreme Leader Ruhollah Khomeini as he sought to consolidate power.
The MEK is the largest constituent organization of the NCRI, an umbrella movement for Iranian opposition groups.
Many current members of the NCRI lost family and friends in the massacres, which Amnesty International has described as "crimes against humanity."
Verhofstadt said: "The architects and perpetrators of genocides must always be brought to justice. Crimes against humanity can never go unpunished. We are shocked by the genocide that took place in Iran in 1988. The men and women died only because they strived for a free and democratic Iran."
Also in attendance at Monday's event was John Bercow, who served as the speaker in the British Parliament for a decade until 2019.
Best known for his commands of "order" aimed at unruly MPs, he took on a somber tone to tell attendees that "the 1988 massacre must be investigated." Raisi "must be prosecuted for crimes against humanity," said Bercow. "He's a disgrace."
Bercow also voiced his backing more broadly for the NCRI's mission, calling himself an "ally" and "friend" of the group, and reiterating his support for their slogan: "Down with the oppressor, be it the shah or the supreme leader." He added: "I back your call for a secular and democratic republic."
Other speakers at Monday's event included former Swedish Prime Minister Fredrik Reinfeldt and former Italian Foreign Minister Franco Frattini.
Both echoed Bercow's and Verhofstadt's calls for an investigation into the 1988 massacres — which they said continues to be covered up to this day — and backed the NCRI under the leadership of Maryam Rajavi, the group's president-elect.
Rajavi, who has been president of the NCRI since 1993, said the organization seeks to install a government that is "the democratic alternative to the clerical regime."
The NCRI, she added, "seeks a republic based on the separation of religion and state, gender equality, and the autonomy of the oppressed ethnic groups."
Topics: National Council of Resistance of Iran (NCRI) Mujahedin el-Khalq (MEK) Guy Verhofstadt John Bercow Ebrahim Raisi
Families gather at Tehran cemetery in memory of 1988 massacre
UN urged to launch inquiry into Iran's 1988 massacre


The 2020 election will be a referendum on what version of populism we want, Trump's exclusionary, hate-filled, version or democratic, populism for all.
Carlson understands something that many mainstream Democrats, and mainstream political analysts in general, are missing. We are in a populist moment in America — but populism doesn't just come in one form. For Democrats, there's no trade-off between picking a candidate who can win and picking a candidate who will fight for progressive populism. Indeed, only a candidate who does both is viable in 2020.
What Donald Trump and Bernie Sanders don't get: Free trade is the real populism.
We are entering another populist era. Donald Trump had his finger on this pulse when he ran in 2016. Of course, Trump is a weird avatar for anti-elitism, but so were Nixon and Wallace. Politics is always half performance. At the same time, for all the sexism that undoubtedly harangued Hillary Clinton's 2016 candidacy, it would have been harder to find a more definitive representative of the sort of elite politics that was quickly going out of vogue. Notably, 1 out of 10 people who supported Sen. Bernie Sanders in the Democratic primary ultimately cast their votes for Trump. There are a lot of possible explanations for why, but certainly a factor is a shared hunger for sticking it to the elites, a tone both men struck.
What does all this mean for 2020? That there is no trade-off between picking the candidate who can beat Trump versus picking the candidate who articulates a bold, progressive pluralistic vision. In fact, the only Democratic candidate who can beat Trump in 2020 is a Democratic candidate who authentically and powerfully stands for a bottom-up political and economic vision that puts the needs of Main Street communities ahead of Wall Street cronies.
The 2020 election will be a referendum on what version of populism will define the United States for generations to come — Trump's exclusionary, nativist, hate-fueled version or an inclusive, democratic, populism for all. Only a Democratic candidate who can fight on that terrain, who in fact understands that terrain and brings a values-based vision to the fight, will suit the political and cultural moment and present a real and clear contrast to Trump.
There shouldn't be Democratic litmus tests for 2020 — the very point of inclusive populism is a big tent, where all ideas and all debates are welcome. But the simple fact is that the only candidate who can beat Trump in 2020 and lead America away from exclusionary, hateful nativist populism toward a better future for all is a candidate who inherently understands and has a demonstrated track record in the philosophy, values, policies of inclusive, people-first, radically egalitarian populism for all. That's the candidate whom Tucker Carlson and Donald Trump are most afraid of. And that's the candidate America needs.
Sally Kohn is author of The Opposite Of Hate: A Field Guide To Repairing Our Humanity. You can find her online at sallykohn.com and on Twitter @SallyKohn.


It's not biology, but love that makes a family.
She must have added that last minute, because it's not provided in the text of the press release.
It has been a bittersweet year, but the state of our movement is engaged!
The whole conference has been engaging, and her celebration of the accomplishments we have made was energizing.
Sadly, shamefully, an incorrect statistic was put forth in the media and many people both in and outside of our community ran with it. I want to be clear — the blaming of African-American voters was wrong, despicable and inexcusable.
These words were particularly profound. Throughout the whole conference there have been a lot of conversatons about communities of color and how poorly they were painted after Proposition 8 passed.
Have we done enough as a community to deal with our own racism and to make sure that our movement is one that reflects the true diversity of LGBT people? We sure haven't. But the finger pointing and scapegoating was an affront to the many people of color and others who worked on and with the campaign and to our allied organizations. Furthermore, it avoids the complexity of the work we still have to do to win equality.
There is a big difference between blaming and learning. Let us be learners so that we may be leaders.
Obama's election has been an underlying theme and joy of the whole conference. I think everybody in the LGBT community is optimistic about the gains we will make under his administration.
I believe the power of this historic moment is the seismic shift in this country from a culture of "I" to a culture of "We." Obama ran with a mantra of "Yes we can!" Obama didn't say, "Yes I can" or "Yes YOU can." He said, yes WE can. This mantra, of course, carries on the organizing legacy of the United Farm Workers and Dolores Huerta. This unifying WE invites each of us into the work ahead; into the reclaiming of a government that has turned its back on so many; into challenging the long held beliefs and practices of who holds power; how power is used; and who benefits from the use of power.
I have really appreciated the efforts to reach out and include other movements. Later, she expanded on this premise.
First, this moment calls for a new kind of leadership in the LGBT movement — not the leadership of one, but the collaborative leadership of many. Don't get me wrong, the Task Force and I will assert leadership — but at the Task Force, we believe that strength comes not from hoarding power but by building power and sharing power and using power for good. It is why so much of our work is done through coalitions or convenings like Creating Change.
It is time to assert our community's moral leadership. I am looking forward to the new Tell 3 campaign; it echoes the efforts and words of Harvey Milk.


Pundi X token gets listed on Upbit, one of the largest cryptocurrency exchange platforms in Korea.
Stephen DeMeulenaere, Director of International Partnerships, will be speaking at Cryptocurrency Seminar 2018 organized by American Chamber of Commerce Korea. In this seminar, leading tech and blockchain companies will join as speakers, including Intel, Blockone, Upbit and more, to talk about 'How to Use Crypto Technologies in Your Business'.
Hello and welcome to another roundup of our activities for the month. July saw our presence in Colombia, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Korea, Switzerland, Taipei, and Turkey. We work relentlessly to spread the awareness of the Pundi X project and meet our partners.
Pundi X will list on OKCoin Korea. Starting from 16:00 KST (GMT+9) on July 27, NPXS will be available to trade on OKCoin Korea. The deposit starts at 00:00 KST (GMT+9) on July 27.
Korea is leading blockchain adoption and proliferation in the world. During the blockchain week, Pundi X will have its presence in Blockchain Partners Summit on July 21. The summit gathers blockchain companies, academy, and associations to share trends of the blockchain development as well as various solutions for future business.
On May 18, an invitation-only meetup hosted by Educo-co and Pundi X took place in Seoul, Korea. Around 80 participants attended. Pundi X presented the latest progress of the project.


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Tag: Damon Herriman
Categories Behind the Scenes In Development/ Pre-Production Once Upon a Time in Hollywood
Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Update – July 24, 2017
Posted On July 24, 2018 October 16, 2018 Written By Gingersnap Comments Off on Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Update – July 24, 2017
First Look at Transforming Hollywood Boulevard Back to the 1960's
by Chris Nicolas | LA Magazine | July 19, 2018
About one year from today, Once Upon a Time in Hollywood will hit theatres. Firm plot details are mostly being kept under wraps right now, but is rumoured to be split into thematic chapters in the style of Pulp Fiction – the story will take place in Los Angeles in the summer of 1969 at the height of hippy Hollywood when the Charles Manson cult was wreaking havoc. The two lead characters are Rick Dalton (DiCaprio), former star of a western TV series, and his longtime stunt double Cliff Booth (Pitt). Both are struggling to make it in a Hollywood they don't recognize anymore. Rick has a very famous next-door neighbor Sharon Tate, of the famed Manson Family murders. Even though the movie will deal with Charles Manson and the famed Manson Family murders, it's been made clear that particular subject matter won't be the main focus.
Damian has been cast in a small role as Steve McQueen but in what capacity, we do not know. For starters, the inclusion of Bruce Lee and Steve McQueen in the film is connected. Both actors were clients of Jay Sebring, a world-renowned hair stylist who was a major fixture in 1960's Los Angeles. Sebring was known for bringing European hair techniques to America and he established a name for himself when he popularized the feathering and layering of male hair, which was dubbed the "Sebring Look." Sebring helped Bruce Lee find work teaching kung fu to Hollywood stars, including Steve McQueen and Roman Polanski.
L to R: McQueen, Tate, Polanski
History states McQueen is said to have been invited by Jay Sebring to Sharon Tate's (Roman Polanski's wife) house dinner party, but he no-showed. Preparing to attend the dinner, McQueen ran into a female friend and decided to spend the evening with her instead. That night in 1969 would become one of the most notorious in modern American history: Tate and Sebring, along with two of their friends and Tate's unborn child, were brutally murdered by the followers of Charles Manson. Spending the evening with his female friend saved McQueen's life. His close call with death spooked him so bad that he went into a state of paranoia. His then-wife Neile Adams recalled that, after the murders, McQueen "became more paranoid and wouldn't let me go anywhere without a gun."
The facade of Jay Sebring's former salon on Fairfax Ave in West Hollywood is being rebuilt. Sebring (Hirsch) reinvented the men's haircut and the very image of a hairstylist. He was young and handsome and dated gorgeous actresses, including at one time, Sharon Tate. In the late '60s, he owned a salon on the corner of Melrose and Fairfax that attracted a long list of celebrity clients, including Steve McQueen and Bruce Lee. At the time, barbers charged around $1.50 for a haircut, but a session with Sebring could cost up to $25.
Source: Deskgram.org
As we wait for more information about Damian's role as McQueen, let's take a peek at additional set photos that are surfacing, as Los Angeles has been transported back in time. Store fronts, bus benches, theater marquee signs, billboards, neon signs and murals along Hollywood Boulevard and other West Hollywood thoroughfares have been gussied up to re-ceate the groovy, psychedelic era of the 60's.
Continue reading Once Upon a Time in Hollywood Update – July 24, 2017
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Once Upon a Time in Hollywood July 26, 2019
A TV actor and his stunt double embark on an odyssey to make a name for themselves in the film industry during the Charles Manson murders in 1969 Los Angeles.
Run This Town 2018
Toronto Mayor Rob Ford
A young journalist (Platt), desperate to prove himself, attempts to expose a scandal involving the flashy, unpredictable Toronto Mayor Rob Ford (Lewis) who has known substance abuse issues and volatile relationships with colleagues. Political aides (Massoud and Dobrev) attempt to keep their boss in check and the story suppressed in order to save their jobs, but a video surfaces and the politician is accused of sexual harassment.
Billions 2016-present
Bobby "Axe" Axelrod
Shrewd, savvy U.S. Attorney Chuck Rhoades (Paul Giamatti) and the brilliant, ambitious hedge fund king Bobby "Axe" Axelrod (Damian Lewis) are on an explosive collision course, with each using all of his considerable smarts, power and influence to outmaneuver the other. The stakes are in the billions in this timely, provocative series.
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If total income is expected to be less in the current year than the income reported on the FAFSA you may submit an appeal based on reduced income.
LMU requires that all appeals based on a change in income have FAFSA income confirmed by parent and/or student updating FAFSA income with IRS federal tax data using the IRS Data Retrieval Process or submitting a IRS tax transcript to the financial aid office.
Letter of termination from employment, layoff notice, final paystub showing year-to-date earnings, documentation of unemployment benefits expected or currently receiving.
Copy of divorce decree or notice of filing for legal separation.
Elder care expenses, can be considered only if elder is not already reported in the family size on the FAFSA.
Medical -must be paid medical expense that exceed 11% of adjusted gross income to be considered.
Private elementary or secondary tuition for younger siblings.
For 2018-2019, the FAFSA requests your 2016 income.
You can appeal on expenses that occurred in 2017 to reduce your 2017 income. You will need to complete Section II of the LMU Appeal Form that requests your 2017 income. You may also be asked to submit copies of 2017 tax returns and/or W2s to document your 2017 income.
Supporting Documentation for the expenses you are appealing for the calendar year. Note for medical, please only provide documentation of medical expenses paid. DO NOT PROVIDE copies of medical tests, diagnosis or other confidential information. If you are appealing to consider private school tuition, submit a statement from your school totaling you paid in the calendar year for which students.
Example: Receipt of a one-time capital gain or other income in 2016 calendar year.
Receipts or other documentation to show how the one-time source of income was used or whether it is in current savings or investments reported on the FAFSA.
The location of the parent or parents is unknown.
The student has been removed from the family home by the state.
Make sure to include your LMU Student ID and the academic year for which you are submitting the appeal.
Three Dependency Override Letters of Support. These letters should be from adults familiar with your case, such as a teacher, counselor, medical authority, member of the clergy, prison administrator, government agency, or court and should establish the unusual circumstances.
Submit evidence in support of your request such as signed letters, official documents such as a court order or police reports.
Confirmation from Disability Support Services (DSS) of student's disability. See Financial Aid Office Accommodation for Student Disability policy and procedures above.
Special course expenses such as film course.
Expenses due to student's disability.
Complete the Cost of Attendance Appeal Form.
The parent's whereabouts are unknown.
The parent has filed for bankruptcy and can provide a letter from the bankruptcy court stating that as a condition of the bankruptcy filing, the parent may not incur any additional debt.
The parent's income is limited to public assistance or disability benefits, and documentation is provided showing parent cannot repay the loan.
The parent is not a U.S. Citizen or permanent resident or is not able to provide evidence from the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Service that he or she is in the United States for other than a temporary purpose with the intention of becoming a citizen or permanent resident.


text:
Catholic Church in Jakarta launches mobile vaccination initiative
By RVA News | 04 August, 2021
The Catholic Church in Indonesia launches the "Serviam Vaccination Service," a mobile vaccination service of three Catholic schools under the care of the Ursuline Sisters in Jakarta, on August 3, 2021. (Photo supplied)
Cardinal Ignatius Suharyo, Archbishop of Jakarta, led the launching of the Catholic Church's mobile vaccination initiative on Tuesday, August 3.
"These cars are concrete manifestations of the act of compassion and sharing of love to people in need," said the cardinal in a message during the blessing of the vehicles that will be used by the project.
The Church in Indonesia launched the Serviam Vaccination Service (SVS), a mobile vaccination service of three Catholic schools under the care of the Ursuline Sisters in Jakarta, to reach out to poor communities.
"This vaccination is not a program but a movement, which means this movement must be done together," said I Gusti Ayu Bintang Darmawati, Indonesia's minister of Women's Empowerment and Child Protection, who was present during the occasion.
"This is proof of the synergy of the government, local government, and community institutions to work together to meet the 100 percent vaccination target," she said during the launch of the activity.
Governor Anies Baswedan of Jakarta also expressed his support for the activity. "We thank everyone," said Anies at the launch at Santa Ursula school.
"Jakarta is dominated by densely populated areas. Mobile vaccination cars can reach residential areas," he said.
The Ursuline missionaries of Indonesia (Photo supplied)
Angela Basiroen, head of the SVS committee said the eight vehicles will go around Jakarta to bring the vaccines to people, especially those aged 12-17 years, and the vulnerable communities.
"Our target is the marginalized community, but we also go to schools," she said. One car can carry 100 to 200 doses of vaccines.
The initiative also aims to reach out to residents in areas with high umber of COVID-19 cases and poor communities.
The Ursuline missionaries arrived in Indonesia in 1856. Their work is mostly focused on education. - Emiliana Saptaningsih / RVA News
Catholics in Indonesia
Church rescues flood victims in Indonesia
Indonesia: Ministry of Religion selects Catholics for professional teaching positions
Catholic youth build 156 churches in Indonesia


Regardless of personal feelings about if the US should or should not have gone to war, it is our responsibility as Americans to support the troops we have deployed overseas in war zones.
My best friend John is preparing to deploy for his second tour. He has been called to serve our country and is putting his life on hold for over a year so that the men, women, and children of this nation can sleep safe in their beds at night. While he prepares to deploy, I am preparing to support him and his unit while they are deployed. I am gathering support amongst my friends and families to put together care packages for our deployed loved ones. They have to put their lives on hold, being stationed away from friends and family in a war zone, witnessing unimaginable hell.
It is our responsibility as citizens to do our best to bring joy to our deployed loved ones and make sure they know that they are always in our thoughts.


The Construction, Earth and Environmental Workers' Union of the Copenhagen area.
If you do not speak Danish, Italian, Polish, German, Romanian, Spanish, Russian, Portuguese or English, then contact Rune Thor Nielsen.
You must be able to tell us which language you speak and which telephone number you would like to be contacted on in English.
Then we will try to find a interpreter who speaks your language, and call you back.
This website is 3F-BJMF's website for colleagues who do not speak Danish. The texts are translated from Danish by activists, and there may be errors in the translation. In case of uncertainty, contact your trade union.


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The City of Rosemead and Temple Sheriff's Station would like to invite you to join us in our "Coffee/Tea with the Chief" event on Thursday, January 24th from 6:00 pm to 8:00 pm. The event will be held at the Rosemead Public Safety Center located at 8301 Garvey Ave in the City of Rosemead. Lt. Kusayanagi will meet with the community members in an informal setting to discuss community issues, answer questions, and enjoy a cup of coffee or tea. Residential and business community members are invited to attend.


A modern version of a classic Wing Chair style, doubled in size and finished in a fabulous White Faux Croc Leather. This piece features glossy modern white lacquered legs, and chrome nailhead detail. Custom finish and upholstery options available.
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Areti Kotsi was born in Thessaloniki in 1990 and has been working as a Research Associate at the Hellenic Institute of Transport (HIT) of the Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH) since July 2017. She is a graduate of the School of Civil Engineering of the National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) and in 2016 she acquired a M.Sc. in Design, Organization and Management of Transportation Systems from the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (AUTH). She fulfilled her internship in the company INFOTRIP S.A. – Intelligent Transport Systems and she has worked as a transportation engineering consultant for the Stavros Niarchos Foundation Cultural Center.
Her main research activity focuses on Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) and on Cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems (C-ITS). Since joining HIT she has been involved in R&I projects related to ITS and C-ITS. Her main responsibilities are the definition and evaluation of ITS and C-ITS requirements and specifications, as well as the design of the systems architecture and the performance of Cost Benefit Analysis. She is also an author of announcements in national and international conferences.


If you've ever sighed over a perfect red rose or perhaps griped about being stopped by a red light you've used a word that's been in existence, in one form or another, since before the Egyptians erected the pyramids.
Etymologists, or word detectives, suspect the term first used to describe red was the Proto-Indo-European word reudh-. Over the centuries, this root word became the world traveler of color-describing terms. It entered, for example, the ancient Indian language Sanskrit, the Germanic mother tongue Proto-Germanic, and the somewhat mysterious Eastern Iranian language called Avestan. In Greek the word became erythros, which medical professionals would recognize from the term erythrocyte, or red blood cell.
The spelling of the modern English word is a direct descendent of the Old English version, read. In fact, when you say names like Reed, Read or Reid, you're speaking Old English. Through the centuries, these names have kept not only their ancient meaning but their pronunciation as well.
Red isn't the only color-related English word stemming from the eons-old reudh-. Commonly used terms like rust, ruby, and ruddy all have their roots in the same ancient word.
Much like a well-preserved artifact, the word red is a link to some of our most ancient ancestors.
The origin of the word "Rust" could have come from the word "Rakht" or Rakht-am" in Sanskrit meaning blood.
I have been wanting to add more color word origin information and will add your input to my list of potential colors and etymology research. Thanks for your comment, Preethi John.


SHANNA ULLMANN is the founding partner of PBC Professional Development Consultants, offering specialized consulting and training programs empowering clients to be more successful in all aspects of their business engagements. She has worked with a wide range of professionals teaching them the art and practice of effective interactions and communications with clients and between colleagues. Ms. Ullmann has over 20 years of hands-on human relations, executive education and corporate training experience advising business leaders, universities, the US military and US Federal government organizations on Leadership Development, Cross Cultural Communications, Professional Etiquette and Protocol, Business Communications, Mediation and Workplace Conflict Resolution. Ms. Ullmann is a graduate of the Protocol School of Washington in Washington, DC, and is certified as a master trainer in Business Communications, Professional Business Etiquette and Protocol, and International Protocol. In addition, Ms. Ullmann holds certification as a Cross-Cultural specialist through the Interchange Institute in Cambridge, MA. She is also a certified Workplace Conflict Resolution trainer through Mediation Training Institute International, as well as holding triple certification as a Professional Mediator in Workplace Conflict through Mediation Training Institute International, the Pulse Institute of Canada, and the Justice Center of Atlanta. Ms. Ullmann holds a degree in Commerce and Business Administration/Human Resources Management from the University of Alabama.


text:
Alpa bezeichnet:

 Alpa, ehemalige Schweizer Mofa-Marke der Alpa-Werke AG in Sirnach im Kanton Thurgau

 Alpa, die Markenbezeichnung einer Schweizer Kamera

 Alpa (Tavas), ein Dorf in der türkischen Provinz Denizli

 Air Line Pilots Association, International (ALPA), eine Pilotenvereinigung

 Guido Alpa, einen italienischen Rechtswissenschaftler und Präsidenten der italienischen Rechtsanwaltskammer

 Alpa, eine Markenbezeichnung von Franzbranntwein

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


What a gorgeous home on beautiful, tree-lined Holly Street in Bellaire. This home rivals new construction with its open floor plan, high-end finishes including the most stylish hardwood floors, soaring ceilings and spacious, sophisticated living areas. The gourmet kitchen has a huge island, quartz counters, professional appliances, and is open to the large family room. Bathed in natural light, this home was designed for entertaining and gracious living, and showcases an elegant curving staircase, a lovely private courtyard, and a surprisingly large backyard with a sizable pool, the lushest landscaping and a covered summer kitchen. Four en suite bedrooms, including the luxurious master suite, are upstairs along with a spacious laundry and an enormous game room. Extensive speaker system and three hardwired cameras. Come see this very special home.


Since our article about Barack Obama's birth certificate came out in August, we've heard many frivolous claims, nutty theories and made-up facts advanced by a small clique of Obama deniers. It seems that every time a rumor is debunked, a new one crops up to take its place. Sometimes contradictory rumors even circulate simultaneously.
Unfortunately for the Obama deniers, that rule didn't exist until 21 years after Obama's birth. Janice Okubo at the Hawaii Department of Health told us that the law was enacted in 1982. She added, "Our current staff is not aware of any cases in which this law has been used."
This means Obama is either a natural born citizen or a time traveler. We can't wait to debunk those e-mail rumors!
Previous StorySocial Security for Illegal Immigrants?


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text:
var Message = function() {
	setInterval(function() {
		Message.getNewMessages();
	}, 200);
}

Message.getInstance = function() {
	return new Message();
}

Message.timestamp = 0;
Message.network = new Network("http://datastore.asadmemon.com/"+SECRET_TOKEN);
Message.msgs_controller = new MessagesController();

Message.create = function(nick, msg, timestamp) {
	var message = {nick: nick, msg: msg, timestamp: timestamp};
	Message.network.sendPostRequest(message, '/'+message.timestamp, function(data) {
		Message.timestamp = message.timestamp;
		Message.msgs_controller.notifyUpdate(message);
		return true;
	});
};

Message.getNewMessages = function() {
	new_messages = [];
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		for(msgIndex in data) {
			msg = data[msgIndex];

			if(msgIndex > Message.timestamp) {
				console.log(msgIndex, Message.timestamp);
				Message.msgs_controller.notifyUpdate(msg);
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
Electronics | Sensors
Over-crowding particles drives their motion
by Victoria Corless | May 20, 2020
Using an asymmetric sawtooth-shaped potential, researchers achieve transport of tiny molecules driven by particle crowding.
In order to create sophisticated biomedical chips, sensors, chemical assays, and small electromagnetic devices, such as computer chips or microgenerators, scientists need to be able to control the movement of particles and molecules on a surface in order to guide them through a particular system for a specific function. To date, advancements in microtechnologies such as microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) — microdevices with micro-scale moving parts, for example, switches, sensors, and gyroscopes — and micro-total analysis systems — devices that automate chemical analysis — have been accomplished as a result of this directional movement.
One technique in particular is inspired by the directional motion of biological motors, which is achieved by creating potential energy differences across a surface to drive the movement of molecules. This setup is referred to as "ratchet transport" and is based on the idea of overall movement in a specific direction, guided or provided by a potential energy surface that is periodic or asymmetric: like a sawtooth blade, for example.
While intriguing, building micrometer-sized chips with "tracks" built from sawtooth-shaped electrical potentials has proven complicated in the past because the potential needs to be periodically turned on and off to drive the movement of molecules, making the system complicated to operate.
In a recent study published in Advanced Intelligent Systems, Professor Masahiro Takinoue and Dr. Masayuki Hayakawa from Tokyo Institute of Technology proposed a new method for particle transport that occurs spontaneously through the crowding of polystyrene microparticles.
"Unlike previous studies, we have achieved the collective transport of molecules without having to periodically switch the system's electric potential, as the collision-based interaction between the crowded particles creates a spontaneous periodical switching of electric potential," said the authors.
According to them, several theoretical studies conducted on ratchet transport have reported that the interaction between particles as a result of crowding (for example steric interactions) has influence over the particles' motion, and therefore has the ability to enhance it if the conditions are properly manipulated.
"This phenomenon generated by crowding has been theoretically observed in the transport of passive particles under dynamic potential as well as self‐propelled particles under static potential," said the authors in their study. "As an example, 1D models that forbid the overlapping of particles show that particle interaction enhances the transport of passive particles under dynamic potential. Furthermore, examination through computer simulation of the behavior of sterically interacting, self‐propelled, run‐and‐tumble particles, in the presence of a quasi‐1D asymmetric substrate, indicates that the particle flux can be increased."
In their study, the researchers demonstrated collective transport based on particle interactions between polystyrene particles by applying a directional voltage without any required control over the potential, meaning any devices built from this design could be simple and compact.
"Only by applying a direct current voltage to the sawtooth-shaped microelectrodes did the particles move, and it was interesting to note that the direction of the particle motion was perpendicular to the direction of the applied voltage," said Takinoue. "That is, the direction of the collective transport did not coincide with that of the source of forces exerted to the particles. Additionally, when the particle density was low, their motion was confined."
This result means that the particles were not pulled along by the electric potential, but that their motion emerged as a result of collision between the crowded particles.
"This could be a means of overcoming sample clogging, which is one of the problems in transportation within a micrometer-sized device," said Takinoue. "It is expected that this collective transport will be a base idea to develop smart functions, such as sorting in accordance with the shape, size, and [the surface's] physical and chemical properties of particles."
Reference: Masayuki Hayakawa, et al. 'Collective Ratchet Transport Generated by Particle Crowding under Asymmetric Sawtooth‐Shaped Static Potential.' Advanced Intelligent Systems (2020). DOI: 10.1002/aisy.202000031
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