Random flagship is such a good mod. Possibly criminally underrated.
Download and extract the Flagship Randomizer .zip file.
WIndows: Execute the .exe file.
superarmandbros wrote: 2.1. Open Terminal and type cd then hit space.
2.2. Drag and drop the Flagship Randomiser folder into Terminal then press Enter.
Linux: Give the .sh file permission to be executed as a a program and execute it.
"AE": A randomized Flagship that uses mostly assets from vanilla FTL and Advanced Edition.
"ACE": A randomized Flagship that also uses CE style assets. Requires Captain's Edition to be installed.
"ACE-INF": A harsher Flagship seed for CE Infinite. Requires Captain's Edition to be installed.
Hit the "Build Random Flagship" button. The tool will generate a "Random Flagship" mod in the designated output directory.
Install this mod as usual with Slipstream Mod Manager.
The mod is fully compatible with AE and CE, depending on which build option you choose. AE flagship builds will not work with CE and vice versa. CE flagships will require CE to work. The mod is best placed after any other mods you might be using. Generate another Randomized Flagship mod whenever you want to randomize the flagship again.
-Update to random generation tool (output file name can be configured by changing the value of the attribute outputName in the assetList.xml file).
-1st augment is now based on the type of random system generated, and will be described as an attribute of the system at the starting event.
-Added fix to 3rd phase event text.
-Added support for multiple predicate keys for each asset.
-Weapon selection now limited to no more then 2 Non Hull Damaging weapons.
-Weapon selection now limited to no more then 1 unique weapon (arti laser, since it has extremly limited shield breaking abilities).
-Augment offensive selection updated - removed auto loader, added explosive replicator and zoltan bypass.
The Flagship Randomizer is a small program that randomizes the flagship by combining a huge amount of different layouts, systems, weapons, drones and augments. It can create a large range of unique boss fights for FTL. Do you consider yourself an experienced FTL player? Have you beaten the flagship so often that the fight has become almost trivial for you? Are you looking for a new challenge? Then the Flagship Randomizer might be something for you.
The Flagship Randomizer is not a mod itself. It is a tool that creates a mod for you. We can not randomize the flagship ingame, so rann coded a program that pieces together a large amount of possible boss components to create a randomized boss. The program then creates a ready to use Random Flagship .ftl file, which can be installed like any other mod. If you want the Flagship to be truly random you might want to create a new Random Flagship mod for each run you play.
What is the difference between the various builds that can be selected?
Selecting "AE" in the tool will generate a randomized flagship that only uses vanilla style weaponry. Turning AE on is kind of required for this to work.
The "ACE" option will generate a randomized Flagship that requires FTL Captain's Edition to be installed. ACE flagships can have many additional CE-style boss weapons and also use other CE assets.
"ACE-INF" flagships will be slightly more aggressive and overall stronger to provide an ample endgame challenge for CE Infinite runs.
How difficult will the fight be? Is it harder or easier than vanilla?
Stuff the tool randomizes includes the flagships layouts, its weapons and which systems it has available in each phase. The vanilla assets are still part of the mix as well, but won't be prevalent. The addition of a single set of augs for all phases is an outright buff for the boss and some room layouts are also stronger than the original. Most possible boss weapons have about the same DPS as vanilla originals of the same weapon type. Their firing cycles are largely unchanged. Still, the weapons do different things and can have completely new synergies. Overall the boss is going to be harder, although occasionally it might also have stronger weak points.
How can I even beat a randomized boss?
Having to face a completely random boss with the mod is not as daunting as it sounds, because the Random Flagship mod won't leave you completely in the dark. At the beginning of the game you will get a chance to look at the secret data you are carrying, giving you information on the flagships layout, weapons, equipment and so on. This creates a unique meta-mission for each randomized flagship playthrough. You'll know what your random flagship will throw at you during this particular run and, as in vanilla, you can try try to prepare for it. The program also has some safeguards that will prevent it from creating extremely strong (or weak) flagships, so you'll never have to face a boss with four missile launchers and a defense scrambler, or similar monstrosities.
Thats it for now. Big thanks to rannl who initialized this project and did most of the work. I recommend you all check out his ship radomizers as well. They take the concept of externally randomizing FTLs content to a whole new level.
Have fun with your randomized flagship battles.
Last edited by Sleeper Service on Wed Nov 19, 2014 11:03 am, edited 39 times in total.
Thank you again for actually making this happen guys!!!
Big thanks to rannl! I knew only he could make this happen.
Question: what if I install this mod midway through a playthrough? I'm in sector 6ish-level deepspace. Will I be able to see what the Flagship has? Will it mess up the playthrough?
without any indents. Is that bad?
Last edited by NarnKar on Mon Sep 01, 2014 5:03 pm, edited 1 time in total.
I can guarantee it but I pretty sure this will actually work. Maybe backup your save before you go to the final sector? You won't get to know what the flagship will have in store though. Might not be a big problem if you max out in deep space before going to the fight. You could also just extract the mod and read what is in events.xml.append.
Edited my above post. I think the weapon blueprints are generated incorrectly?
A big thank you for Sleepy who made the tool possible. Your the Captain of Captain's edition.
Don't worry about the identation NarnKar, it isn't an issue XML-wise.
Russian Rockman wrote: Thank you again for actually making this happen guys!!!


text:
Q: The same factors appear under multiple error terms/strata in the output of repeated measures ANOVA in R I'm struggling with interpreting the output from R for a two-way repeated measures ANOVA.
I used m1.emax.aov <- aov(mean_emax_norm ~ (cond5*stride) + Error(dog_id/(cond5*stride)), df3.emg.m1) and the summary tables are throwing me.
I'm used to just seeing a summary table with the main effects and interaction listed once; each with their own error term. I don't know how to interpret the output below. I did not expect to see cond5 for Error:dog_id, stride for Error:dog_id:cond5, or cond5:stride for Error:dog_id:stride.
How do you interpret, for instance, stride is significant for Error:dog_id:cond5 but not for Error:dog_id:stride?
Any guidance would be greatly appreciated.
summary(m1.emax.aov)

Error: dog_id
      Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
cond5      2  706.5   353.3   12.69  0.011 *
Residuals  5  139.1    27.8
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Error: dog_id:cond5
          Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
cond5      4  48.30   12.07   3.453 0.0216 *
stride     1  36.07   36.07  10.316 0.0035 **
Residuals 26  90.91    3.50
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

Error: dog_id:stride
             Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
stride        2   7.42   3.709   0.343  0.717
cond5:stride  3   9.99   3.331   0.308  0.819
Residuals    11 119.02  10.820

Error: dog_id:cond5:stride
             Df Sum Sq Mean Sq F value Pr(>F)
cond5:stride  8  103.8  12.975   2.498 0.0224 *
Residuals    52  270.1   5.194
---
Signif. codes:  0 '***' 0.001 '**' 0.01 '*' 0.05 '.' 0.1 ' ' 1

A: If cond5 and and stride are both repeated measures and dog_id is what they're repeated on then you've specified your model correctly. The results are uninterpretable due to data issues.
When performing a repeated measures ANOVA you need each cell of the design to be equal in size. Each subject has to have an entry for each variable. If that does not occur then the ANOVA results can be what you've seen.
You're missing data for individual subjects. Therefore, you must drop those subjects if you want to stick with RM ANOVA for analysis. You'll then get a result back that is more like what you expect.
You could look up linear mixed effects analysis or multi level modeling and use that as a substitute for repeated measures ANOVA. That kind of analysis can be used to treat subjects more appropriately as random effects. For recent papers with both advice and tutorials for performing such analysis in R you might try Jaeger (2008) and Barr (2013). There are also lots of questions answered on the subject on this site.
Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirma- tory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68, 255-278. doi: dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001
Jaeger, F. T. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from anovas (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Journal of Memory and Language, 59, 434-446.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home » Meet our Authors » Michael C. Roberts
Michael C. Roberts
Michael C. Roberts, PhD, ABPP, is Dean of Graduate Studies and Professor and former Director of the Clinical Child Psychology Program at the University of Kansas. He holds academic appointments in the Departments of Psychology, Applied Behavioral Science, and Pediatrics. Dr. Roberts has published over 200 journal articles and book chapters on the application of psychology to understanding and influencing children's physical and mental health. He has authored or coedited over 20 books, including Handbook of Pediatric Psychology, Fifth Edition, and Clinical Practice of Pediatric Psychology. The former editor of the Journal of Pediatric Psychology and several other journals, he is currently editor of Training and Education in Professional Psychology.
All titles by Michael C. Roberts:
Handbook of Pediatric Psychology: Fifth EditionEdited by Michael C. Roberts and Ric G. Steele
March 19, 2018Mar 2018$57.00
April 14, 2017Apr 2017$135.00
Save 45%! $114.00 $62.70
Clinical Practice of Pediatric PsychologyEdited by Michael C. Roberts, Brandon S. Aylward, and Yelena P. Wu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
The Spanish flu, Covid-19 and Sigmund Freud
What can we learn from history?
Jeanne Wolff Bernstein, chairwoman of the advisory board of the Sigmund Freud Foundation
"If we say we are fighting the virus, we will defeat it, we are speaking in war metaphors that actually do not apply to the virus. This shows how abstract the situation is. We don't even have an appropriate language for it." (Annemarie Pieper, 2020)
What would be an appropriate language and how can we find one in times of Corona, when there is so much human misery and death during global pandemic? Are we not confronting again "a crisis of the imagination" (see Tom Friedman, New York Times, 2001) as on September 11, 2001, when we could not find any suitable words at first to describe the collapse of the "Twin Towers" in New York after a plane flew into both towers and caused them to collapse? Nowadays we are not faced with a brutal terrorist, a politically motivated act that leaves us speechless, but we are faced with an invisible virus that has infected millions of people and claimed tens of thousands of lives worldwide in a devastating and unexpectedly rapid manner.
In order to find a language, a symbolic system, to grasp linguistically the Real and to integrate the current catastrophe, I became interested in the question of how Sigmund Freud himself, at the beginning of the last century, might have reacted to the then extremely devastating pandemic of the Spanish flu, and how he might have integrated it into his own writings. The only thing I knew was that Sophie Halberstadt-Freud, his favorite daughter, his "Sunday Child", died on January 25, 1920 of this virus infection and that her death, as well as that of her youngest son, Heinerle, three years later evoked a deep sadness and despair in Freud, which was only later to be recognized. He announced the death of Sophie to his mother Amalia on January 26, 1920 with the following words:
Dear Mother,
I have some sad news for you today. Yesterday morning our dear lovely Sophie died from galloping influenza and pneumonia. We learned of it at noon from a telephone conversation with Minna in Reichenhall. Oli and Ernst have left Berlin to be with Max. Robert and Mathilde are leaving on the twenty-ninth to try and assist the poor bereaved man. Martha is too upset; one couldn't let her undertake the journey, and in any case she wouldn't have found Sophie alive.
She is the first of our children we have to outlive. What Max will do, what will happen to the children, we of course don't know as yet.
I hope you will take it calmly; tragedy after all has to be accepted. But to mourn this splendid, vital girl who was so happy with her husband and children is of course permissible.
II greet you fondly.
Your Sigm
(Ernst Freud, 1960, pp. 326, 327)
One day later, Freud writes to Oskar Pfister, his friend, the Swiss pastor:
(…) That afternoon we received the news that our sweet Sophie in Hamburg had been snatched away by influential pneumonia, snatched away in the midst of a glowing health, from a full and active life as a competent mother and loving wife, all in four or five days, as though she had never existed. Although we have been worried about her for a couple of days, we had nevertheless been hopeful; it is so difficult to judge from a distance. And this distance must remain distance, we were not able to travel at once, as we had intended, after the first alarming news; there was no train, not even for an emergency. The undisguised brutality of our time is weighing heavily upon us. Tomorrow she is being cremated, our poor Sunday Child! Our daughter Mathilde and her husband are leaving for Hamburg the day after tomorrow, thanks to an unexpected connection with an Entente train; at least our son-in-law was not alone; two of our sons who were in Berlin are already with him, and our friend Eitingon has gone with them.
Sophie leaves two sons, one of six, the other thirteen months, and an inconsolable husband who will have to pay dearly for the happiness of these seven years. The happiness existed exclusively within them; outwardly there was war, conscription, wounds, the depletion of their resources, but they had remained courageous and gay.
I work as much as I can, and am thankful for the diversion. The loss of a child seems to be a serious narcissistic injury; what is known as mourning will probably follow only later.
And a few days later, on February 4, 1920, Freud writes to Sandor Ferenczi:
Please don't worry about me. Apart from feeling rather more tired I am the same. The death, painful as it is, does not affect my attitude toward life. For years I was prepared for the loss of our sons; now it is our daughter; as a confirmed unbeliever I have no one to accuse and realize that there is no place where I could lodge a complaint. (…) Deep down I sense a bitter, irreparable narcissistic injury. My wife and Annerl are profoundly affected in a more human way."
(Ernst Freud, 1960, p. 328)
The mourning came later, but what did not come was a look back at the effects of the Spanish influenza upon his own work and the traces that the Spanish pandemic had left on the other family members. Thanks to the correspondence with Karl Abraham, however, we can learn that Freud's wife Martha had already contracted "flu pneumonia" in May 1919. "My wife now has a real flu pneumonia, but it seems to be going well, we are advised not to worry" (Freud/Abraham, 2009, p. 620). However, through a footnote by Ernst Falzeder and Ludger Hermanns, we learn that "Martha Freud was not to recover from this flu for months. From 1918 to 1919 the so-called Spanish flu raged, which killed more people than during the First World War, including Freud's daughter Sophie (died January 25, 1920)" (Freud / Abraham, 2009, p. 621). After her recovery, Martha decides to go to a sanatorium in Parsch, near Salzburg and Freud and his sister-in-law Minna drive to a somewhat more expensive sanatorium in Bad Gastein, which prompted him to write the following words to Karl Abraham on July 6, 1919:
My wife is, I can say, completely recovered. She travels to the Parsch sanatorium near Salzburg on the 15th of the month, at the same time as I drive with my sister-in-law to Gastein. Her doctor insists on trying a high-altitude climate with a very calm life. My daughter is trying to enter Bavaria near Reichenhall together with a friend (Margarete Rie, note JWB). Do not be surprised that we choose such expensive stays during these times. Everything near Vienna is even more expensive, almost unaffordable, most summer holidays are blocked, everything related to traveling abroad is still unbearable drudgery. And you don't want to completely miss out on refreshment while it's warm. Who knows how many of us will survive the next winter, from which evil can be expected. Also, the security of material doom as a result of our state situation does not encourage any thrift economy. (ibid., p. 624, emphasis JWB)
In addition to the nonchalance with which Freud informs his colleague Abraham that he is going to the more expensive sanatorium with Minna instead of with his wife Martha to Parsch near Salzburg, we also learn elsewhere that three more Freud children had been suffering from the influenza, they were: Anna, Ernst and Mathilde. There is hardly any mention of their illnesses, because Freud keeps a low profile towards his friends and colleagues with regard to these illnesses. In addition, Freud's concern for his son Martin, who is still in captivity at the end of the war, hovers also rather silently in the background. On December 2, 1918, Freud writes to his friend Abraham that his son Martin had not yet returned, "(...) all information indicates that his entire troop was captured without a fight, so that would not be the worst thing; no news about his personal fate since October 25th. Ernst is in Munich, Oli, unrobed at home. The restrictions are bad with us, the uncertainties are large, practice is of course marginal." (ibid, p. 604, emphasis JWB) Two weeks later, Freud still does not know where Martin is being held, and "this contributes to the depressed mood of these times." (ibid., p. 607) It was only on January 19, 1919, three months after the first information about his arrest, that Freud learns that Martin had been arrested in Genoa. In July, at the time when Martha, Minna and Freud were going to separate sanatoriums, Martin was released from captivity and returned to Vienna.
In contrast to today's Covid-19 pandemic, Freud seems to have viewed the Spanish influenza as a difficult, but less prominent "side-show" (Nebenschauplatz) in light of all the other hardships and fatalities he had had to endure. By reading his various letters at a time when he had also written such major texts as, "The Taboo of Virginity" (1918), "The Uncanny" (1919) and "A Child is Being Beaten" (1919), we gain a picture of Freud as a man who was faced almost daily with food and heating costs as well as other economic restrictions of all kinds. "The restrictions are bad for us, the uncertainties are great, clinical practice is of course low" and "it is bitterly cold in the room", he writes to Abraham on December 2, 1918 and then again on February 9, 1919 (ibid., p. 604, p. 610).
The Spanish flu - called "Spanish" because Spain had no press restrictions and could thus freely report about the spread of the disease worldwide – thus, the so-called "Spanish" viruses, were actually brought along from the USA (Haskell County, Kansas State) from the American soldiers who had entered Europe to help its allies in World War I. The Spanish flu was thus intricately linked with the war in Europe, because it actually arrived with the invasion of the US soldiers on French soil who thereby unknowingly brought with themselves an even bigger "killer" to Europe. What was seen as support and assistance from the Allies later turned out to be the more violent, deadly factor.
There are innumerable parallels between the Spanish influenza and today's pandemic, starting with the symptoms (dry cough, high fever, chills, pneumonia) and the course of the disease (if the inflammation did not get better, death usually occurred after nine to ten days, the survivors complained of severe fatigue and subsequent depression); to the first rumors about the origins of the virus - "fake news" - about the course and spread of the disease (the flu was imported from Spain by canned food and these were in turn poisoned by the Germans); to being totally overwhelmed by the large number of deaths - despite quarantine measures taken, the number of dead rose from 2,800 in August, 1919 to 12,000 in September of the same year in the United States alone.
And yet the historian Elisabeth Dietrich-Daum, from the University of Innsbruck, warns not to compare haphazardly the two epidemics. She takes the view that the world war and the aims of the war always remained in the foreground of the world scene: "Soldiers were bundled up and shipped in trains and ships, and if one of them fell ill, he infected the entire force. The quarantine and isolation measures that governments across Europe have taken to contain the corona pandemic were not possible in the First World War." (Dietrich-Daum, 2020).
A look back into the past may help us to evaluate better the current Covid-19 pandemic and to (re-)integrate it eventually into a symbolic system. It seems likely that we will have to prepare ourselves for several stages of the Covid-19 pandemic, as the Spanish flu also lasted two years, from 1918 to 1920, and reverberated through three successive waves worldwide. We can also learn a lot from the differences between these two pandemics, which are almost a hundred years apart. In contrast to Covid-19, mainly young people (20-40-year-old) died of the Spanish flu and through the First World War the influenza spread again and in the end claimed almost 50 million fatalities, another 500 million were infected. In contrast to the "lung plague" at the time, we have no major wars to fight outside the African continent. At the same time, Europe does not even consider itself able to help the few thousands of refugees who have to remain in Greek refugee camps to flee the Syrian war. We are not fighting famine (yet), our chances of survival are far higher than in the 1920's thanks to newly acquired safety measures and to newly found medicines and vaccinations which may be on their way in the coming year.
However, the question of why Sigmund Freud hardly mentions the Spanish influenza in his writings is probably due to his close involvement with the "everyday" war events that the First World War brought about. The enormous difference between the number of war victims and those of Spanish influenza only became known in retrospect due to the information and news situation, so that during Freud's lifetime the difference between those who died in the pandemic and those who died in the war could hardly be distinguished. In addition, human-staged death - like a war that could be avoided - would require a more complex analysis of human lust/unwillingness to use violence, in contrast to the consequences of an invisible pandemic, which renders one relatively helpless and frightenend by the unknown.
Nevertheless, we should keep reminding ourselves of the words of Sigmund Freud, which reach us today like an echo from a distance:
"Si vis vitam, para mortem - If you want to endure life, prepare yourself for death." (Freud, 1915, p. 355).
As already indicated, Freud could only surrender to his deep grief when his young grandson Heinerle, Sophie's youngest son, (the younger brother of Ernst who provided him with the key to the structure of language through his "Fort/Da" game) died on June 19, 1923. Three years later, on October 15, 1926, Freud wrote the following lines to Ludwig Binswanger:
"This child has taken the place of all of my other children and grandchildren for me, and since then, since Heinele's death, I no longer take care of my other grandchildren and no longer feel any desire to live. That is also the secret of my indifference - what has been called courage - considering the threat to my own life."
And in 1929 he answered Ludwig Binswanger on April 12 (which would have been his daughter Sophie's 36th birthday):
"Although you know that after such a loss the acute state of mourning will subside, we also know we shall remain inconsolable and never find a substitute. No matter what may fill the gap, even if it be filled completely, it nevertheless remains something else.. And actually this is how it should be. It's the only way of perpetuating that love which we don't want to relinquish. (...) (Ernst Freud, 1960, p. 386).
These are amazing words from a man who speaks in his theoretical writings as in "Mourning and Melancholia" (1915/1917) that mourning is a limited process that, when accomplished, allows new love to be linked to new objects, and who claims that any ongoing mourning is a sign of melancholy in which the subject incorporates the lost object, which then turns against the ego and overwhelms it with complaints and reproaches which allows him never to give up the lost object. "We see with him (the melancholic, JWB) how one part of the ego sets itself over against the other, judges it critically, and as it were, takes it as its object." (Freud, 1915/1917, p. 247)
The idea that a loss leaves an ongoing, open wound that cannot be replaced by a new object and that this could be the proof of an existing and lasting love can no longer be found in his later theoretical work. However, Freud's late realization of an inconsolable love and an ongoing mourning process may indicate that an initially "abstract situation" (Annemarie Pieper) or impossible situation, as Lacan describes the Real in Seminar XI, may be translated into a symbolic, affective language, because even in a traumatic event like the Covid-19 pandemic "it is about an appointment to which we are always called with a real that eludes us." (Lacan, 1973/1981, p. 53)
What can initially only be captured with numbers, statistics, graphs and "facts" - since the facts are overwhelming and unimaginable - may only be able to find a hold in a changed language afterwards, which not only registers, informs and excites, but also offers one a symbolic space in which the emotional losses can take shape and resonate.
Jeanne Wolff Bernstein is chairwoman of the advisory board of the Sigmund Freud Foundation. She lives as a psychoanalyst in Vienna and New York.
Dietrich-Daum, Elisabeth (2020), "Not comparable with historical epidemics", available online at: https://www.uibk.ac.at/newsroom/nicht-mit-historischen-seuchen-vergleichbar.html.de
Freud, Sigmund (1915/1917), "Mourning and Melancholia", SE XIV, 237-260
Freud, Sigmund (1915), "Thoughts for the Times of War and Death", SE, Volume XIV, 273-302
Freud, Ernst (1960), Letters of Sigmund Freud, selected and edited by Ernst Freud 1873-1939, New York, Dover Publications
Sigmund Freud / Karl Abraham, Briefwechsel 1907-1925, Complete Edition, Edited by Ernst Falzeder & Lidger M. Hermanns, 2009, Turia and Kant
Sigmund Freud / Sandor Ferenczi correspondence, edited by Ernst Falzeder & Eva, 1996, Böhlau, Vienna
Lacan, Jacques, The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, Seminar XI, (1973), translated by Alan Sheridan, W.W. Norton Company, New York, 1981
Lohl, Jan, (2016) "But mourning is a great mystery to psychologists." Reflections on Freud's theories of mourning and its social context, lecture, SFU University, October 2016, Vienna
Pieper, Annemarie, (2020), Interview with Annemarie Pieper, Tagblatt, March 25
Spanish flu on Wikipedia
Frei Sprechen - Speak Freely
Haim Steinbach, AHA!, 1997
Monika Pessler, Director
The activities of the Sigmund Freud Museum will explore the leitmotif SPEAK FREELY in the years 2021–2025. Inherent in the ambiguity of this topic are two aspects that are just as relevant to modern discourse as they were to the early historical development of psychoanalysis: On the one hand, it recalls Josef Breuer's "cathartic method," which preceded psychoanalysis and was intended to allow patients to SPEAK FREELY, to free themselves of their (unconscious) concerns (for which reason the future women's rights activist Bertha Pappenheim also spoke of "chimney-sweeping"). On the other hand, the call to SPEAK FREELY forms the foundation and the objective of every psychotherapeutic dialogue. Jointly developed by Freud and his patients, the aim of this "talking cure" was and is to identify the causes of the symptoms and behaviors that complicate or even endanger individual or social existence. Only on the basis of insights gained through constant communication and in-depth analysis can as yet unknown ways to deal with crises be discovered and tested.
Another reason for looking at the tasks, projects, and series of talks at the Sigmund Freud Museum from the perspective of the leitmotif SPEAK FREELY can be found in psychoanalytic cultural theory. In numerous texts,[1] Freud focused on topics that still shape our society (or societies) today: the issue of identity and freedom, which is becoming ever more volatile due to social and economic divides, the propensity for paranoia and denial, which have been intensified by the coronavirus pandemic, as well as aggressions and defense mechanisms motivated by religion, racism, sexism, or homophobia.
The importance of long-established value systems—as formulated in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948 and ratified by 171 member states of the United Nations in the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action in 1993—seems to be diminishing. Contrary to the teachings we once tried to learn from history, not only are the debasement and violation of fundamental human rights as a result of national and/or pan-European exclusion policies increasing but the demand for authoritarian systems of government is also growing louder.
In an attempt to find, revise, and work toward constructive responses to these virulent issues of our age, another factor that has always been intrinsic to psychoanalytical communication strategies proves helpful: its inter- or rather transdisciplinarity. Since its very beginnings, psychoanalysis has been an inherently interdisciplinary enterprise, as Freud said: "Any estimate of psycho-analysis would be incomplete if it failed to make clear that, alone among the medical disciplines, it has the most extensive relations with the mental sciences, and that it is in a position to play a part of the same importance in the studies of religious and cultural history and in the sciences of mythology and literature as it is in psychiatry."[2]
Just as other disciplines avail themselves of psychoanalytical explanatory models, so too does psychoanalysis continue to benefit from the expertise of various branches of knowledge and integrates approaches and hypotheses from the natural and social sciences and the humanities in its own research agenda. Simply think of Freud's use of "archeological metaphors" whose "architectural dimension" also helped Freud to arrive at the "representative form of psychic reality," the topography of the "psychic apparatus."[3]
Therefore, in both theory and practice the psychological dialogue calls for a continuous change in perspective to which inestimable importance is attached for the success of reality reconstruction and its interpretation—as not least the phenomenon of "transference and countertransference" so impressively proves.
From a psychoanalytical viewpoint, the correlating relationship between the individual and the collective psyche is also based primarily on a change in perspective, because the "contrast" between individual and social psychology only seems significant at first glance, writes Freud as early as 1921, and "loses a great deal of its sharpness when it is examined more closely," as "[i]n the individual's mental life someone else is invariably involved, as a model, as an object, as a helper, as an opponent; and so from the very first individual psychology, in its extended but entirely justifiable sense of the words, is at the same time social psychology as well."[4]
Consequently, psychoanalytical concepts can also soon be found in social science analyses and descriptions: in the reformative social pedagogy of the 1920s or contemporary art movements like Dadaism and Surrealism.
The subsequent developments in the second half of the twentieth century may have been encouraged by Freud himself as a result of his description of the relationship and interaction between the analysist and analysand in his late work as a process of "transformation"—an assessment that calls to mind more recent disciplines in the history of psychosocial sciences.
In numerous disciplines, methodically engaging in dialogue and the act of transformation it launches and accompanies evolves into a preferred procedural step: from the mid-1940s in group dynamics, for example, for which Kurt Lewin had already created the foundations with his experimental social psychology in the 1930s.
From the 1950s Ruth Cohn, the daughter of an assimilated Jewish family in Germany who emigrated from Switzerland to the USA as a student in 1941, went from psychoanalysis to theme-centered interaction[5]: "I became a psychoanalyst at a time when humane values fell victim to a 'philosophy of exclusivity.' What resulted from this has happened again and again in the course of history and is still happening today," writes Cohn in the foreword to her collection of texts in 1975. She responds to the past and contemporary developments she describes with an extended process of psychodynamic dialogue, which focuses on a balanced and "deepened understanding of the individual, group, and thematic task and their mutual relationships."[6]
In the late 1960s Gregory Bateson's and Heinz von Foerster's considerations led to a broader questioning of self-organized, biological, and social systems—which can mean both the human system and a system animated by people, like an organization.[7]
Foerster bases his epistemological and communication theoretical analyses on, among other things, the observational method and calls for a "second-order observation" in addition to conventional observation: the observation of the observer. As every way of seeing and explaining depends on the perceiver, their experiences and prejudices, the understanding of the cybernetician and the constructivist, just like the psychoanalyst, is based on there being no "objective reality." Yet in a dialogue on the observed and the observer, the factors can at least be voiced that underlie their respective assessments and analyses—the construction of the status quo.
Dirk Baecker, a sociologist and cultural theorist, says of second-order observers that in our society it is predominantly "intellectuals, critics, psychoanalysts, and now increasingly artists who are surprised by what others find self-evident […]."[8]
In recent decades, the growing technologization and globalization of financial and commercial markets have given rise to ever-more complex labor and production conditions, which could not fail to have an impact on the structures of their systems. Therefore, from the 1990s the increase in resilience has become vacant not only in the realm of private living conditions but also for operational systems. It is futhermore necessary to research the "nature" of operational structures in professionalized management, to observe and strengthen their communication skills and responsiveness.
If Niklas Luhmann takes another, closer look at Foerster's cybernetics in reference to the work of the neurobiologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela and describes systems as strictly separate units defined by the distinction between system and environment alone, then in line with transdisciplinarity SPEAK FREELY keeps in sight the evidence of the mutual conditionality of individual and society above all.
For this reason, the attempt will once more be made at Vienna's Berggasse 19 to establish a connection between the historical and current significance of this place and to recall those aspects that have proven to be "history in a fruitful sense" (Ernst Bloch).
Instead of conceiving of the symptoms of our society as merely "adjustment disorders," they will be granted "individual knowledge, almost a character"[9] and the "other" (Jacques Lacan) will be given a voice in order to establish a meaningful and shared narrative.
In the SPEAK FREELY format, the criteria that characterize the psychoanalytical dialogue according to Joachim Küchenhoff can be taken into consideration alongside "the way that words can move us, but also the productivity of a conversation, which not only reproduces previous considerations but is also productive."[10]
Just as the provision of such a "speaking space" is one of the most important tasks of psychoanalysis according to André Michels and Claus Dieter Roth, so too is it essential in the educational work of the Sigmund Freud Museum: here the content likewise shapes the form—and vice versa.
Not as an exclusive community of psychoanalysts but with them and with others, SPEAK FREELY additionally promotes the multiple perspectives cultivated in the arts in support of a system-wide dialogue. Because what applies to systems theory has long applied to psychoanalysis and the museum housed in its birthplace: It "does not lend itself to forbidding others from speaking. In contrast, there is nothing about which it is more curious than hearing others speak."[11]
[1] Sigmund Freud, "On Narcissism" (1914); Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego (1921); Civilization and Its Discontents (1930); and his correspondence with Albert Einstein Why War? (1933).
[2] Sigmund Freud, "Two Encyclopaedia Articles (1923 [1922]): (A) Psycho-Analysis," in The Standard Edition of the Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 18, edited and translated by J. Strachey. London: Hogarth Press, (1955) 2001, 235–254.
[3] Karl Stockreiter, "Am Rand der Aufklärungsmetapher. Korrespondenzen zwischen Archäologie und Psychoanalyse," in: Lydia Marinelli / Sigmund Freud Museum (eds.): "Meine alten und dreckigen Götter" – Aus Sigmund Freuds Sammlung. Frankfurt am Main: Stromfeld Verlag 1998, 81–93, 81 ff.
[4] Sigmund Freud, "Group Psychology and the Analysis of the Ego" in The Standard Edition of the Works of Sigmund Freud, vol. 18, edited and translated by J. Strachey. London: Hogarth Press, (1955) 2001, 69–144.
[5] Ruth Cohn, Von der Psychoanalyse zur Themenzentrierten Interaktion (1st ed. 1975), Klett-Cotta, 2009.
[7] Cf. Heinz von Foerster, "On Self-Organizing Systems and Their Environments," in: M. C. Yovits and S. Cameron (eds.), Self-Organizing Systems, Pergamon Press, London 1960. Heinz von Foerster, "On Constructing a Reality," in: F. E. Preiser (ed.), Environmental Design Research, vol. 2, Stroudberg: Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross 1973.
[8] Dirk Baecker, Form der Kultur [Form of Culture], https://www.spacetime-publishing.de/luhmann/FormDerKultur2003.pdf, S.7
[9] Moritz Senarclens de Grancy: Claus Dieter Rath, Der Rede Wert. Psychoanalyse als Kulturarbeit (Turia + Kant, Wien 2013), Rezension, in: Psyche – Z Psychoanal 69, 2015, 293-294.
[10] Joachim Küchenhoff, "Das analytische Gespräch auf der Suche nach dem Sinn," in: Der Sinn im Nein und die Gabe des Gesprächs. Psychoanalytisches Verstehen zwischen Philosophie und Klinik, Weilerswist: Velbrück Wissenschaft 2013, 88.
[11] Dirk Baecker, Schlüsselwerke der Systemtheorie (2nd ed.), Springer Verlag 2016, 7.
Meet Jennifer Friedlander
Since 1999, the Sigmund Freud Foundation and the Austrian Fulbright Commission invite American scientists for a study visit which is combined with a visiting professorship on a university in Vienna. We introduce you to this year's grantee Jennifer Friedlander, who arrived in March and took office in Berggasse 19. Upon arrival, we asked her some questions:
What does it mean to you, working at Berggasse 19?
Even though I arrived with already high anticipation of how it might feel to work at this most special address, I must admit that I was surprised by how deeply moved I was to actually inhabit the space. I was struck by a palpable, almost overwhelming, presence of lack. The space is profoundly evocative of the richness of both Freud's life and work, but it also resonates as a monument of excruciating loss. A piercing emptiness is left by Freud's escape and the building's testiment to the names of subsequent inhabitants who lost their lives under Nazism. The space, in an almost Freudian sense, seems to call fittingly upon its vistors to thus produce - to "construct."
We know it is not your first stay in Vienna – what makes this city special to you?
I have been very fortunate to be able to consider Vienna an ocassional home of sorts for the last ten years, due to the wonderful friends and intellectual connections that I have made here. I could (and often do) go on at lengths extolling the wonders of this extraorodinary city--especially the eclectic and vibrant intermingling of Vienna's classical and contemporary culture and art, the way history lives in, among, and through the present. And this is not to mention the urban parks, Cafe houses, and fantastic public transportation system (which, having lived in Southern California for almost the last twenty years, occupies a top spot on my long Things-I-Love-about-Vienna list). But for me what is most special is somehow the more quotidian dimensions of Vienna daily life - something about the rhythms of the city. There is something distinctive about the way the creative sphere penetrates the mundane - the sense of possibility that I feel, for instance, when encountering a temporary art installation or pop-up music festival on my way to the laundromat or grocery store - is like nowhere else.
Why did you apply for the Fulbright-Freud Scholarship?
The possibility of spending my sabbatical working at the Freud Museum drew me immediately to apply for the Fulbright. My interest was further piqued by learning that I would also have the opportunity to teach a seminar on my research project. Throughout my career at my home institution, Pomona College, I have learned how valuable it is to cultivate a dynamic relationship between research and teaching.
How do you feel about teaching at the University in this very special (pandemic) situation?
I am very much looking forward to the start of teaching next week and the opportunity to work through texts related to my research with Master's students at the Institut für Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft (TFM) at Universität Wien, who I expect will push my thinking in unexpected and necessary ways. Even though we will be holding classes via Zoom, the faculty and staff at TFM have already created a strong sense of community and have made me feel very welcomed.
Can you tell us more about the research project you are pursuing during your stay?
My research project, "Powers of Pleasure: The Psychopolitics of Enjoyment," aims to disrupt a key premise of racist logic: that external obstacles (often embodied by the figure of the immigrant/other) are responsible for socio-cultural disharmony. This racist logic depends upon a fantasy of society as an ideal totality, marred only by unwelcome intrusion from outside - a fantasy that works by protecting subjects from encounters with the threatening enjoyment (jouissance) of the Other. Through psychoanalytic accounts of examples from contemporary art, film, and politics, I explore possibilities for stripping back symbolic resources for regulating one's proximity to jouissance, thereby exposing that the social order is inherently—not contingently - lacking. I wager that such encounters may pose both a challenge to racist structures and an opportunity for subjects to experience freedom "beyond the pleasure principle."
Please let us know more about your general fields of interest as a scholar.
My scholarly interests are heavily informed by Lacanian psychoanalytic theory, critical theory, and the work of Roland Barthes. I have recently thought a lot about contemporary forms of "realist" art and media that play with different modes of deception. This project, which culminated in my book, Real Deceptions: The Contemporary Reinvention of Realism, tries to develop an approach to a radical aesthetic politics by arguing that rather than aiming to see beyond deceptions that distort reality, we should take seriously the reality that lies within the deceptions themselves. Before that, I worked in the area of feminist film theory. This project, Feminine Look: Sexuation, Spectatorship, Subversion, sought to intervene in traditional Film Studies accounts of female spectatorship, tracing a different path through the work of Sigmund Freud and Jacques Lacan upon which scholarship in this area has developed. By contrast with dominant strands of feminist film theory scholarship, which tend to ask how spectatorship is influenced by sexual difference, I explored the question of how particular spectatorial encounters may facilitate different "sexuated" responses.My current project on pleasure builds in some ways upon these previous interests. It extends my thinking in the area of feminist film theory in attempting to resuscitate the category of pleasure, which has played an often villianous role in traditional scholarship in this area. Rather than see pleasure as the lure for abiding hegemonic narratives, I look for pleasure's transgressive potential. In this sense, I aim to subject pleasure to a procedure similar to my earlier treatment of realism by investigating its potential for both undermine damaging systems of power and for consolidating communal social bonds.
Jennifer Friedlander is the Edgar E. and Elizabeth S. Pankey Professor of Media Studies at Pomona College in Claremont, California. She is the author of Moving Pictures: Where the Police, the Press, and the Art Image Meet (Sheffield Hallam University Press, 1998); Feminine Look: Sexuation, Spectatorship, and Subversion (State University of New York Press, 2008); and Real Deceptions: The Contemporary Reinvention of Realism (Oxford University Press, 2017). Her work has appeared in Discourse: Journal for Theoretical Studies in Media and Culture; CiNéMAS: Journal of Film Studies; Subjectivity; (Re)-turn: A Journal of Lacanian Studies; Journal for Psychoanalysis of Culture and Society; Subjectivity; and International Journal of Žižek Studies and in several edited volumes. She is a founding and central committee member of LACK, an organization devoted to the promotion and development of Lacanian psychoanalytic theory. As the 2021 Fulbright-Freud Visiting Scholar, she will work on a new monograph, "Powers of Pleasure: The Psychopolitics of Enjoyment in Media and Popular Culture" and will teach a Master's seminar in the Institut für Theater-, Film- und Medienwissenschaft at Universität Wien on this research topic.
The Writing of Dr. Indra
by Michael Thaler.
This article first appeared in 2013 in the daily newspaper "Die Presse" and has been supplemented here with the link to the Austrian National Library and the reference to the publication dedicated to Dr. Indra in the Sigmund Freud Museum.
On June 4, 1938, Sigmund Freud left Vienna. Before doing so, however, he had to sign a "declaration" to have been treated correctly by those who chased him away. A coercion he acknowledged with the postscript: "I can recommend the Gestapo to everyone in the best possible way." Fact - or just anecdote after all?
Sigmund Freud had to leave Vienna forever, the city in which he had lived for 79 years. In order to make this possible, a number of conditions imposed by the Nazi authorities had to be met. The last condition in this series was the signing of a declaration. In his biography, Sigmund Freud: Life and Work , Ernest Jones wrote about this: "When the Nazi Commissar brought it [the paper] along Freud had of course no compunction in signing it, but he asked if he might be allowed to add a sentence, which was: "I can heartily recommend the Gestapo to anyone"." Similarly, Peter Gay (Freud - A Life of Our Time) states, "Just before the authorities let the Freuds go, they insisted he sign a statement that they had not ill-treated him. Freud signed, adding the comment: 'I can most highly recommend the Gestapo to everyone.'"
The story has become established not only in the two great Anglo-Saxon biographies of Freud, but also in the historical image of educated Austrians. Here it stands, as it were, for a better Austria that resisted National Socialism or at least did not join it, at least mentally. This better Austria received a rich influx after 1945. Many Austrians noted that they had basically not been Nazis between 1938 and 1945, or at least only with mental reservation.
No wonder the anecdote thrived in this post-war nutrient solution. It served as one of many symbols of the pronounced Austrianism that defined Austria after 1945. The postwar consensus was based, among other things, on a relatively broad agreement that the Anschluss had been a mistake. From this point of view, the anecdote could be presented as an avowal of the newly awakened Austrian patriotism. One could use it to reassure oneself of the identity that had become conscious. Sigmund Freud's reaction in the story is deliberately ambiguous, not to say "Austrian," which the "German" Gestapo apparently does not notice. The subliminal scorn is not understood, but Freud's postscript is taken as additional praise.
I must confess that this story also belonged to the fixed inventory of my view of the past. In a certain way, however, an uneasiness, not to say a doubt, remained in connection with it. Something was not right here.
In my experience, anecdotes, especially if they are amusing, are usually not historically provable. They often do not reflect history as it really was, but represent an attempt to get along with the past in order to live on with it. It is no coincidence that many autobiographies by members of the war generation read like a collection of anecdotes. What cannot be cast in the form of an anecdote falls through the cracks of history.
Members of the post-war generation like me were decisively determined by the experiences of their parents. According to the principle that no communication is communication, the silence of the parents could also be many-sided. In the case of my mother, there was no question of silence. Memories of the time between 1938 and 1945 shaped her for life. She described March 1938 as the end of her childhood and youth and found it difficult, especially in the optimistic post-war period, not to see people in a disillusioned light.
A Viennese friend from that time, whom she held in high esteem, was Alfred Indra. He was a good deal older than my mother, married as well, but in a thoroughly platonic way a great admirer of my mother. He had served in World War I, was imbued with an old-fashioned sense of honor, but was modern in his thinking, open-minded and interested. Like many Austrians, he was not only a constant reader of Karl Kraus's "Die Fackel" [The Torch] but according to the stories, he was not only interested in the writings of Sigmund Freud from the early 1920s on, but also in intellectual contact with him.
He had a nice apartment at Wickenburggasse 3 in Vienna, an estate south of Vienna near a village of Buchbach, and was not dependent on his profession as a lawyer in a pecuniary sense. His profession in no way prevented him from pursuing his intellectual interests and his passion for collecting. Both my mother and father held Alfred Indra in high esteem. It was clear to both of them that after my birth only he would be considered as godfather. Without knowing it, my parents brought me into play with the story of Sigmund Freud's departure mentioned at the beginning.
Alfred Indra was asked by Freud to act as his lawyer in the case of his departure. The aforementioned earlier contacts, possibly dating back to the 1920s, may have spoken in favor of this choice. However, two points may have been quite decisive: Alfred Indra was a staunch opponent of the Nazis, and he was not Jewish. As Freud's lawyer, he negotiated with the Nazi authorities for the departure of Sigmund Freud and his family and also played a key role in the final act, Freud's signing of the specific declaration.
While re-reading a Freud biography, I think it was in 2003, I once again came to the account of Freud's postscript. I would have liked to get to the bottom of it. Alfred Indra was long dead by then (he died in April 1964), and his wife, Hedwig Indra, had passed away in the late 1980s. She bequeathed her husband's library to me and my brother. In this context, I remembered that among the papers left by my godfather was his correspondence with Sigmund Freud, which had been sold by Hedwig Indra's heirs. The examination of old auction catalogs from Sotheby's and Christie's, however, remained fruitless. My research had thus come to nothing. On some occasion, I told this to a friend, from whom I knew that her mother's family also had an apartment at Wickenburggasse 3. She in turn told the story to her mother.
To my great astonishment, some time later I received Catalog 100 from Christian M. Nebehay, Vienna. My friend's mother had found it among her papers. The auction catalog, published on May 11, 1989, had been excellently edited by Hansjörg Krug. One of the items in the auction at that time was "Letters and Documents of Sigmund Freud on his Emigration on June 4, 1938." A consultation with Nebehay in Vienna revealed that the bundle had been acquired by the Austrian National Library. Ernst Gamillscheg and Andreas Fingernagel of the manuscript collection of the National Library kindly sent me copies of the correspondence, especially the declaration of June 4, 1938. The text of the declaration reads: "I gladly confirm that up to today, June 4, 1938, no harassment of my person or my housemates has occurred. Authorities and functionaries of the party have always treated me and my housemates correctly and considerately. Vienna, June 4, 1938, Prof. Dr. Sigm. Freud."
In the meantime, this letter and other handwritten documents are available in digital form: See Sigmund Freud's correspondence concerning his emigration.
The text of the declaration was handwritten by Alfred Indra and signed by Sigmund Freud himself. A postscript by Freud does not appear.
The anecdote can therefore not be substantiated. In my opinion, it cannot be true from a psychological point of view either. If we consider the atmosphere in Vienna in June 1938, jokes of this kind do not quite fit the situation at that time. In addition, there is a technical-legal consideration. From a legal point of view, it can be assumed that the declaration had been agreed with the other side, as is usual with draft treaties. Any change would not have completed the negotiation process on the departure, but would have called it into question and thus jeopardized the departure.
Seen in this light, the text handwritten by Alfred Indra is not a unilateral draft, but the result of his negotiations with the Nazi authorities. Even if this was not clear to Freud as a non-lawyer, Indra would have made it clear to him before he signed it.
There may be another explanation for the origin of the legend. Alfred Indra was a witty, funny person who obviously got along well with Freud and his relatives. In a way, they thought alike. Therefore, the story might have played out like this: When Indra presented Freud with the chorded text, Freud might have said that it might be helpful to add a postscript to the effect that he could recommend the Gestapo to everyone in the best possible way. This joke might have made it easier for Freud to sign and pleased Indra. Indra may have told the story to Franz Rudolf Bienenfeld, who in turn passed it on to Ernest Jones. Ernest Jones' account was in turn adopted and developed by Peter Gay. What first started as a joke between Freud and Indra could have been taken at face value by Ernest Jones and others. Incidentally, Hansjörg Krug comes to a similar conclusion in the Nebehay catalog.
That Ernest Jones cannot have fully understood the Viennese context of Freud and the person of Alfred Indra as well as his relationship to Sigmund Freud is also shown by another passage in his biography. Indra visited Freud in 1939 in London, who had meanwhile settled there. Due to the political situation, Indra first traveled to the then still neutral USA, so that the visit to London could be explained to the outside world as a stopover of a trip to America.
In this connection, Ernest Jones writes: "That the mixed feelings towards Vienna continued was shown by a strange occurrence a year later. In May Indra, who was on his way back from America, visited him. Upon parting, Freud remarked: 'So you're going back to - I can't think of the name of the town!' Indra, unfamiliar with Freud's peculiar humor, understood this literally as forgetfulness; but there is no doubt in my mind that Freud deliberately meant to imply, by this alleged amnesia, how hard he was trying to forget Vienna."
Ernest Jones is referring here to a communication from Indra to Bienenfeld. I had not remembered this second story. However, it is somewhat related to the first anecdote. As with the first anecdote, I believe that Ernest Jones did not really get the joke of the story. In order to understand him, I think one must not lose sight of two things. In turn-of-the-century and postwar Vienna, great importance was attached to stimulating conversation. The gift of conversation was cultivated and was the prerequisite for finding appeal in the Vienna of the time.
Alfred Indra was known for his playful approach to joking and seriousness, which was not easily recognizable to the uninitiated on the outside as it was hidden behind a deadpan expression. This quality may have been an important element in his relationship with Freud. They understood each other, and the joint conversation gave pleasure to both parts. Based on this, I could imagine the following: Indra told Bienenfeld about his visit to London and Freud's statement. It is quite conceivable that he added with an expressionless face: "Just imagine, he has forgotten Vienna. This degree of forgetfulness makes one think, don't you think?"
In my opinion, Hansjörg Krug recognized this aspect much better. He correctly notes that Alfred Indra belonged to Sigmund Freud's circle of acquaintances. Not only that Indra obviously got along well with Freud, but above all Indra's early interest in psychoanalysis may have been decisive for Freud: "One can assume that Sigmund Freud really trusted Dr. Indra as far as his activities were concerned, and so the telegram with which Sigmund Freud informed Dr. Indra of his arrival in Paris on June 5, 1938, will also have been the only one he sent to Austria that day." The telegram read, "Cordial greetings after peaceful journey gratefully Freuds."
Further evidence of this close connection is the copy of "The Future of an Illusion," dedicated by Sigmund Freud to Dr. Indra, pictured above and on display in the Sigmund Freud Museum's permanent exhibition. Based on the date, it can be assumed that this dedication is the last one Freud made before leaving Vienna forever.


text:
Hispanic Heritage Month must recognize our struggles, not just our culture
G. Cristina Mora, Associate professor of sociology | September 29, 2020
Too often our celebrations focus on how Latinos have broken into the mainstream or amount to routine communications with "fast facts" on different Latin American countries. But this is not the type of heritage celebration we need right now, not at a moment when Latinos are suffering disproportionately from COVID-19, police brutality, unjust sterilization practices at the border, pandemic-related unemployment and nearly every other major social ill facing the nation.
Obama: Do the Right Thing
Lisa García Bedolla, chancellor's professor, education and political science, and director of the Institute of Governmental Studies | November 19, 2014
Providing administrative relief for at least six million of the unauthorized immigrants currently in the United States is the right thing for President Obama to do for the country and, most importantly, for the hard-working human beings who have been used as pawns in the immigration debate for far too long. U.S. history is replete … Continue reading »
Are Latinos politically conservative? Not really.
Ethan Rarick, director, Matsui Center | August 29, 2014
Are Latino voters conservatives who might be drawn toward the Republican Party? That argument has been made before, but a useful new report by the ever-valuable Public Policy Institute of California adds to a growing body of evidence in the other direction. The new PPIC report is based on seven of the Institute's surveys during the … Continue reading »
Where did 'Hispanics' come from?
Claude Fischer, professor of sociology | March 24, 2014
Oldsters may well wonder where the term "Hispanic," and for that matter, "Latino," came from. The press and pundits are all abuzz about the Hispanic vote, Hispanic organizations, and Hispanic cultural influences. Back in the mid-twentieth century, however, they wrote about Mexicans or Puerto Ricans or Guatemalans, not about Hispanics. Of course, people of Latin … Continue reading »
Brow Beat (Slate)
Culture Blogs (the Guardian)
Everyday Sociology
New York Times ArtsBeat
Pop Culture (NPR)
UC Berkeley English Department Blog


text:
08/03/2019 10:41 AM IST
This Alligator Found In Ditch Was So Large People Thought It Was Fake
The animal had been shot several times.
By Connor Parker, HuffPost UK
A giant alligator that was pulled from a ditch in Georgia was so large people thought it was fake.
The animal, which was over 13 feet long and weighed more than 300kg, was almost five feet wide at its broadest point.
It was found by Georgia Department of Natural Resources in February at Lake Blackshear in the US.
The people who discovered the alligator guessed it was around 50 years old, but it had several serious injuries, including gunshot wounds, and had to be euthanised.
DNR wildlife biologist Brent Howze, who is pictured with the animal, told the Cordele Dispatch: "It's an unfortunate situation, but the best thing for the animal was to put it down."
"It took a while to get it out of that ditch. It was bigger than we originally anticipated, and we had to use heavy equipment to move it."
He added: "Apparently a lot of people think it's fake, but I can assure you that it is not, I'm the one in the picture, and you can probably tell that I didn't get too close to it."
In another interview with Georgia's WALB TV, he said an alligator this size was "extremely unlikely" to attack anyone and emphasised the creatures don't hunt humans.
He pointed out that alligators only usually grow as large by avoiding civilisation all together.
Connor Parker Intern, HuffPost UK
MORE: environment uk news Nature and Environment Living Nature Gunshot wound Ditch


text:
The Dog Eat Dog World Of Hair Loss Advertising
News that a Chicago Bears former linebacker is taking a hair loss clinic to court for falsely claiming responsibility for his hair transplant caught our eye, we take a closer look.
Difficult Beginnings
It is a huge challenge to convince an audience that your clinic is capable and to be trusted when it comes to treating your hair loss. You have to overcome the natural caution that will have been built up by any potential client who has been trawling the web for research. They will have found many unhappy accounts of fortunes spent to achieve nothing, or even to have spent a fortune to be left in a worse position than when they started… a hair transplant that did not settle properly, that leaves the client with a terrible choice of shocking looking hair or shaving it down and exposing the scars left when the surgeon harvested the follicles for transplantation. To get that wary candidate to pick up the phone and call your clinic, never mind getting them through the door, takes a compelling website with a convincing story. A story that addresses the clinic's experience and evidences many successful treatments with a gallery of before and after shots. But what about a new clinic? How are they meant to prove their qualifications? It used to be enough to describe the qualifications of your surgeon, but that no longer seems to be the case – understandably as every one of those horror stories was inflicted on the client by a qualified surgeon. A new clinic has no choice but to spend heavily on advertising and to lead on price… over time they will build up the client base to provide proof of their abilities. It can be a long process but it is the only acceptable and ethical way to build the brand. The same is true, maybe more so, for Scalp Micropigmentation clinics. A relatively young industry, even compared to hair transplants, it has a steady stream of "newly qualified" practitioners joining the fray. Some are trained in-house by the established clinics, others sign up to dodgy on-line training and receive their certificate by email a few weeks later. All too often there are clinics, transplant and SMP, who decide to take short cuts. The most obvious of which is to steal before and after pictures from your established competition and post them on your site as your own work… it does usually require you to embellish your experience and training too – or else how do you explain having only just opened your doors but demonstrating such a depth of experience.
Brian Urlacher is a Chicago legend. He served the local football team for a full decade as a linebacker winning defensive player of the year in 2005 and being selected to appear in no less than eight Pro Bowls. Following his retirement from the game in 2013 not much was seen of Urlacher, but he returned to the public eye three years later with an impressive head of hair, impressive at least when compared to the famous image of him as a clean shaved pro bowler. The company responsible for the work, Restore Hair, understandably signed him up as an official spokesperson. All of which makes the approach of the Charles Medical Group in Boca Raton more surprising. Maybe they thought they could fly under the radar and get away with claiming the work as theirs. The claim was made in a blog post which discussed how he "came by his full head of hair". This could have been written off by senior management as a simple misunderstanding on the part of their writer but there was another more sinister element to what they did. It was discovered that Urlacher's name had been inserted into their website's source code more than a dozen times in the hope of intercepting the traffic of people searching for his hair loss story… they even advertised special rates for people in Chicago willing to make the trip to Baco Raton for their treatment. Suffice to say Urlacher is taking the same approach to Charles Medical as he took to his opponents on the field, well, almost. But he is taking them to court for the princely sum of $200,000. Good luck to him we say! For the record, it would seem the surgeon did a pretty good job on Mr Urlacher, we're just not sure he didn't look better before. SMP would, in our humble opinion, have been a preferable option… its not too late of course.
The problem of other clinics stealing our content has been an issue for us almost from the beginning. Right at the beginning there was only us, as inventors and developers of Scalp Micropigmentation we were, for a while, the only provider. But almost as soon as there was competition the problem appeared. Often it is our client getting in touch, asking why their picture is appearing elsewhere (sometimes thinking that we might actually be in cahoots with the clinic who has done the stealing). Not everyone has pockets deep enough to sue, and HIS do not have the resources to police the web world of SMP these days, given its size. But if notified we do go after the clinics concerned to make them remove our material. It points to a world where it is still necessary to perform your due diligence carefully. If you want to be confident you are in the safe hands of experience friendly professionals with your best interests at heart then complete the contact form at the side of the page to set up a free consultation. Or click here to find your nearest HIS Hair clinic.


text:
August Rain is an exciting, new band; growing out of each members friendship and a love for playing music. Band members Frank & Denise Bowen (drums, keyboard), Paul Kendall (lead guitar, vocals), Matthew Janzen (bass, vocals), and Joshua Kirk (rhythm guitar, lead vocals) have forged a musical extension of their relationship with the goal of bringing a fresh voice of hope and inspiration through their performances.
Four of the five band members have played regularly for several years (and continue to do so) as part of their church's weekly services. But the first seeds of August Rain's formation didn't happen until one weekend in 2007, when drummer Frank Bowen called his long-time friend Joshua Kirk to flesh out the music to a few lyrics he had felt inspired to write. From that impromptu collaboration session, the band's current hits "Wonderful Savior" and "Yahweh Highway" were born. Spurred on with a new-found spirit of creativity, the band began collectively working towards compiling and recording an album of original music. Several months later, the songs evolved with a lyrical dynamic that remained true to their spiritual roots without being "preachy." With the release of their self-titled album in 2008, they also discovered the music had instant crossover appeal, with "Yahweh Highway" getting airplay on country stations as well as Christian radio.
Combining influences from modern country with overtones of classic southern rock and the blues, August Rain has a musical style that relates to cross-generational audiences. Their songs resonate with an instantly familiar-feeling sound, coupled with lyrics that reflect the simple authenticity of being a Christian in everyday life. The music is uplifting in its message, memorable in its rhythm, and presented with a sincerity of purpose in bringing honor and glory to their Savior.
Here's what others are saying about August Rain and their music…
"Hey guys, just wanted to say thanks for ministering at the Back to School Bash! You did much more than sing or perform, you blessed everyone there! Counting down the time until we can get back together!"
-- Chuck Tatum, Pastor Mt. Pleasant Apostolic Church
"We were putting together our first edition of 94.9 The Bull's local (Atlanta) music show, Backyard Country, when I first heard August Rain's "Yahweh Highway" on their Myspace page. I remember checking to make sure these guys were not signed to a major label because we wanted the show's music to be organic and homegrown. I thought, 'There's no way this sophisticated of a song is not hooked up with one of the majors.' To my delight, and the audience's as well, we rolled out "Yahweh Highway" on the very first edition of Backyard Country and we play it still. No matter who you are or what you believe, this is a good song, period."
-- Scott Lindy - Radio Host of Backyard Country
"August Rain has been a great band to have on our program. They are professional, arriving on time and working within our hectic "live" schedule. Their music has a style you can't get out of your head; in a good way."
-- Rick Goins - Producer WATC's ATLANTA LIVE


Thank you to our amazing students, parents and grandparents who came along to celebrate Education Week with us today. Students thoroughly enjoyed leading our younger students in a range of STEM activities from Ozobots to slime, and it was lovely to receive such positive feedback from our visiting guests. Happy Education Week!


text:
Q: Real time tick by tick stock quotes using an IP and port I want to retrieve real time stock market data from a server with an IP address and port.
What information is out there for acquiring this data?

A: It depends upon what kind of service is provided on the server which gives you the tick by tick data. It can have an API which you can consume like the one Yahoo has.
You do not need client server programming. From what I know is you can create a web application and use Yahoo! Finance API for getting stock ticker.
Check this for more information
http://help.yahoo.com/kb/index?page=content&y=PROD_FIN&locale=en_US&id=SLN2340&impressions=true
My Bad : do you have a server where you can get the ticks????


In our continual quest to provide the most holistic approach toward your fitness and overall health, we've recently invested over $10,000 in a new piece of equipment that will allow our athletes to have another metric to measure progress.
The machine is called the InBody 570 and is considered just as accurate as DEXA scans (which are considered the gold standard). View a sample report here of what you get with each test.
You can schedule with the front desk anytime, or just email Tom@CrossFitSanitas.com. A before and after test will be included in the price of future Clean Challenges.
Do not exercise or eat 2 hours prior to your test.
Try to drink as little as possible for the 2 hours prior.
Wear shorts and a tank top or tight fitting t-shirt.


text:
Travel and Tourism - Railway Time Table with Arrival and Departure Time at Stations
Transport in India consists of transport by land, water, and air. Public transport remains the primary mode of transport for most Indian citizens, and India's public transport systems are among the most heavily used in the world. India's rail network is the 3rd longest and the most heavily used system in the world, transporting 8.225 billion passengers and over 970 million tonnes of freight annually, as of 2015. The railways transport about 18 million citizens daily. As per 2013 estimates, the total road length in India is 4,689,842 km (2,914,133 mi); making the Indian road network the second largest road network in the world after the United States. Buses are an important means of public transport in India by road. While there are 346 civilian airfields in India - 253 with paved runways and 93 with unpaved runways, only 132 were classified as 'airports' as of November 2014.
Railway Time Table
Trains Between Railway Stations or Cities of India
Train Timing at Railway Stations in India
Duronto Express - Non stop long-distance Trains in India
Garib Rath and Yuva Express - Trains in India
Jan Shatabdi Express
Mail Express Superfast : Train Numbers from 02779 to 13010
Rajdhani Express - Fastest Trains in India
Shatabdi Express - Fastest Day Trains in India
Special Trains - Special Trains in India
Tourism Trains - Special Tourism Trains in India
travel,tourism,train timings,railway time table,train speed,arrival and departure time at stations, Indian Railway Time Table with Arrival, Departure and halt timings at stations,Average Speed of train and distance covered and much more...


Abstract: A collection of letters addressed to Julia Pomeroy Brown from three women: Constance L., Emily Drummond, and Elizabeth Spooner. Letters detail life during WWI, the sinking of the Lusitania, and the death of a British soldier.
World War I -- Women.
Preferred Citation: [Identification of item], Julia P. Brown Letters, [Collection and folder no.], Department of Special Collections, Hesburgh Libraries of Notre Dame.
Acquisition and Processing Note: The Julia P. Brown Letters were purchased by the Hesburgh Libraries in 2016 from Jules Silverman. Arranged and described 2016, by Hannah Herbst. Finding aid 2016, by Hannah Herbst and Julie Tanaka.
Julia Pomeroy Brown (April 15, 1849 - April 1, 1926) was the child of Dr. Chauncey Brown (1808-1879) and Julia M. Strong (1815-1908). She had one brother, Philip Chauncey Brown (1850-1930), and one older sister, Helen Stanley Brown Brenner (1844-1925). Julia P. Brown never married. She lived in Farmington, Connecticut, USA. Her former residence is now known as the Woodford-Newell-Strong House.
Most of the letters to Julia P. Brown are from either Constance L. or Emily Drummond. Both lived in Britain during the war. Emily Drummond was from London but lived in Fredley, Dorking during the war. Constance L. lived in central London. One letter is from Elizabeth Colton Spooner, a linguist and author of The Fravashi of Gautama. She was married to the archaeologist Dr. Brainard Spooner.
Letters were written by three women, Elizabeth Spooner, Emily Drummond, and Constance L., residing in England during WWI to Julia P. Brown, a friend in Connecticut. Constance L. authored most of the letters. They discuss acts of war, such as the sinking of the Lusitania, as well as a nephew killed in the trenches among other topics.
10 letters, 35 pages, and a postcard book. The letters span from September 1914 to July 1918.
Folder 1 (MSE/MD 3825-1) Elizabeth Spooner to Julia P. Brown. 1914 September 2. ALS, 8 pages.
Folder 2 (MSE/MD 3825-2) Constance L. to Julia P. Brown. 1914 October 25. ALS, 4 pages.
Folder 3 (MSE/MD 3825-3) Constance L. to Julia P. Brown. 1915 November 1. ALS, 4 pages.
Folder 4 (MSE/MD 3825-4) Constance L. to Julia P. Brown. 1915 May 8. ALS, 3 pages.
Folder 5 (MSE/MD 3825-5) Constance L. to Julia P. Brown. 1915 May 23. ALS, 2 pages.
Folder 6 (MSE/MD 3825-6) Constance L. to Julia P. Brown. 1915 June 25. ALS, 4 pages. Includes newspaper clippings.
Folder 7 (MSE/MD 3825-7) Emily Drummond to Julia P. Brown. 1915 October 20. ALS, 4 pages.
Folder 8 (MSE/MD 3825-8) Emily Drummond to Julia P. Brown. 1915 November 14. ALS, 4 pages.
Folder 9 (MSE/MD 3825-9) Emily Drummond to Julia P. Brown. 1918 March 29. ALS, 2 pages.
Folder 10 (MSE/MD 3825-10) Emily Drummond to Julia P. Brown. 1918 July 30. ALS, 2 pages.
Folder 11 (MSE/MD 3825-11) Postcard booklet. N.d. 7 postcards.


text:
united press international (3)
ashley c. clover (1)
goulden, dennis (1)
3 x 5 in. (1)
cleveland browns (football team : 1946-1995) (3)
st. louis cardinals (football team) (3)
brown, jim (2)
al sirat grotto's big six (1)
allen, john u. (1)
bacon, edmund (1)
baltimore, maryland (1)
childress, joe (1)
cincinnati, ohio (1)
: Saint Louis (Mo.)
Browns defense, Cleveland Browns at St. Louis Cardinals, 1960
Cleveland Browns (Football team : 1946-1995); St. Louis Cardinals (Football team); Childress, Joe; Wiggin, Paul; Fleming, Don; Parrish, Bernie; Gain, Bob; Stephens, Larry
"XP112701-11/27/60-ST. LOUIS- Cardinal halfback Joe Childress is surrounded by 6 Cleveland Browns, but the speedy back advanced for 5 yards in this second quarter action and won a first down. The game ended in a 17-17 tie. UPI TELEPHOTO" -- photo...
It's Still Yesterday in Cleveland press kit
Montage (Television program); Urban renewal; City planning; Housing;Housing and Development, Department of; Erieview; Garden Valley Development;University-Euclid Development; St. Vincent Development; Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Detroit, Michigan;...
This is the press kit attached to the Montage episode, "It's Still Yesterday in Cleveland." The press kit includes episode script, backgrounds on the housing officials interviews, and an explantory letter. The episode chronicles the failures of...
Jim Brown run, Cleveland Browns at St. Louis Cardinals, 1960
Cleveland Browns (Football team : 1946-1995); Cleveland Browns (Football team : 1960); St. Louis Cardinals (Football team); Brown, Jim
"XP112702-11/27/60-ST. LOUIS- Cleveland star fullback Jim Brown (top center with #3 shown on helmit) runs into a solid wall of defending Cardinals while attempting to score from the three yard line in the second quarter. The game ended in a 17-17...
Jim Brown, Cleveland Browns at St. Louis Cardinals 1961
Cleveland Browns (Football team : 1946-1995); Cleveland Browns (Football team : 1961); St. Louis Cardinals (Football team); Brown, Jim; Hill, Jim; Owens, Don
"XP102901-10/29/61-ST. LOUIS: The Cleveland Browns FB Jim Brown (32) picks up 4 yds rushing on a handoff from QB Milt Plum in the 3rd quarter. Brown is brought down by Cardinal RHB Jim Hill (left) & LT Don Owens (right). Browns won 21-10. UPI....
Mystic Order Veiled Prophets of the Enchanted Realm
Meetings; Masonic Temple; Al Sirat Grotto's Big Six; Fraternal organizations; Masonic Buildings
"St. Louis, Mo. June 22 to 26, 1941. 52nd Annual Supreme Council Session. Mystic Order of the Veiled Prophets of the Realm. Al Sirat Grotto's Big Six from Cleveland, Ohio, celebrates their 31st anniversary this month. They are in this city for the...
Ode XXII
Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Death and burial
The transcript of the song sung at James A Garfield's funeral.


Learn helpful Chinese vocabulary without being intimidated by its non-Roman script! Your desire to learn Mandarin Chinese may be twarted by its script; how will you pick up the language if you can't understand its characters? Read and Speak Chinese for Beginners overcomes this obstacle by providing an accessible, entertaining program that will reinforce vocabulary as well as help you create basic structures. Each of the eight topics develop your communication skills in key areas, and your progress will be reinforced by tests and puzzles. The accompanying 55-minute audio CD contains all the key words and phrases for you to listen to and repeat. It also features entertaining listening activities and games for additional reinforcement. Two-color layout and photographs throughout to illustrate key vocabulary. Proven approach combines games, puzzles, flashcards, and audio to aid language. Clear explanations of how basic phrases are used for practical communication. Audio CD/MP3s for correct pronunciation provides speaking and listening practice and audio games; detachable flashcards allow language reinforcement. Topics include: What is your name?; Where are you from?; What is this?; Where is it?; What's it like?;How do I get there?;Who's this?; What do you do?
Jane Wightwick is an experienced author and product developer in the field of foreign languages.


text:
Q: "Why should we pick you as staff?" vs. "Why should we pick you for staff?"
*

*Why should we pick you [as] staff?

*Why should we pick you [for] staff?

Which of the above sentences would be correct? Should "as" or "for" be used with the meaning "to be a member of"?
Context: it's for a job interview.

A: "For" is the correct choice here (you pick someone for a team, not as a team), however, I think the phrasing of "Why should we pick you for staff" is awkward.
I'd recommend something more like:

*

*Why should we bring you onto the team?

*What makes you the right fit for our team?

*Do you think you'd fit in as a member of our staff?


text:
Sign out|
Contact the OUContact the OUContact the OU|
Faculties & themes
Innovation & engagement
Coronavirus: Course registration is open, but please be aware it may take us longer to respond than usual. Find out about our coronavirus response and current contact hours.
Research strategy and plans
Research and Enterprise Plan
The OU has a new, five year, Research and Enterprise Plan 2018 - 2023 (internal only).
The new Plan sets out a distinctively 'Open University' research and enterprise agenda, designed to differentiate and enhance our research profile on a national and international scale.
The Plan aims to:
Achieve success in REF2021
Build our capacity to engage with the public and stakeholders
Develop the number of large-scale, external research and doctoral training partnerships
Improve the link between research, curriculum and teaching
Increase the sustainability of OU research
Areas of cross-institutional, thematic research will continue to receive institutional support. These strategic research areas will be our flagships of multi-disciplinary, challenge and mission focused research capability as well as acting as key vehicles to deliver on our primary aims for research and enterprise.
For more information on the OU's Research and Enterprise Plan and its implementation, or OU research strategy more generally, please e-mail the Research Strategy and Governance Team.
Concordat to support the Career Development of Researchers
In November 2020 the Open University signed a Letter of Commitment to Support the Career Development of Researchers. This letter is a public declaration of the support the OU will provide for the career development of researchers who are working here. This support is based on the principles and obligations in the Researcher Development Concordat (RDC).
The OU is a signatory to the UK Concordat to Support the Career Development of Researchers and actively works to implement its seven principles. It is an agreement that sets out the expectations and responsibilities of researchers, their managers, employers and funders.
It aims to increase the attractiveness and sustainability of research careers in the UK and to improve the quantity, quality and impact of research for the benefit of UK society and the economy.
The OU is a recipient of the European Commission's HR Excellence in Research Award. As of 12 August 2019, The OU is delighted to announce that we have been successful in retaining the European Commission HR Excellence in Research Award at the six-year review point. This award recognises the University's' commitment to researcher career development and acknowledges alignment with the principles of the European Charter for Researchers and Code of Conduct for their Recruitment.
The University's six-year review report and action plan for the period to 2020 are available below.
The Open University Six Year Interim Review Report
Concordat Plan and Action Tracker 2017-2020 (updated 2019)
Open University Success Measures (revised for 2019-2020)
Contact us to find out more about the RDC
Strategy and plans
Contact the OU
Help with the University's computing systems:
Computing Guide Computing Helpdesk System Status
Help with accessing the online library, referencing and using libraries near you:


ZAMG provides a large variety of environmental impact assessments, e.g. for industrial activities, highways, waste treatment facilities, agriculture, and many others.
We use state-of-the-art atmospheric dispersion models for the prediction of Air Quality which can model complex terrain and urban areas. To complement standard meteorological input we also use measurement systems such as RASS systems and ceilometers that detect the structure of the atmospheric boundary layer.
We participate in international model evaluation exercises to verify that our models are appropriate for the intended and specified use. Thus we are confident in providing the right model ("fitness-for-purpose") to facilitate decision-making on proper siting/dimensioning of your plant buildings and the adoption of control strategies.
Furthermore, we provide daily forecasts of Air Quality across Austria to help you plan your outdoor activities.
Regarding the nuclear power plants in Austria's surrounding countries, we assist the government in its nuclear emergency response activities. Among other things, this includes running models for toxic gas releases, which can provide immediate information on affected areas in the case of toxic accidents.
Our team is pleased to provide help with any enquiery, feel free to contact us.


text:
English for Students
GMAT : Analysis of An Argument
An Argument
45. The following appeared as part of a column in a popular entertainment magazine.
The producers of the forthcoming movie 3003 will be most likely to maximize their profits if they are willing to pay Robin Good several million dollars to star in it - even though that amount is far more than any other person involved with the movie will make. After all, Robin has in the past been paid a similar amount to work in several films that were very financially successful.
Discuss how well reasoned you find this argument. In your discussion be sure to analyze the line of reasoning and the use of evidence in the argument. For example, you may need to consider what questionable assumptions underline the thinking and what alternative explanations or counterexamples might weaken the conclusion. You can also discuss what sort of evidence would strengthen or refute the argument, what changes in the argument would make it more logically sound and what, if anything, would help you better evaluate in conclusion.
In this paragraph the author concludes that paying Robin Good several million dollars to star in the movie 3003 is the most likely way for the movie's producers to maximize their profits.
The author's line pf reasoning is that because Robin has been paid similar amounts of money to work in other films that were financially successful, it is likely that 3003 will also be financially successful if Robin stars in it.
This argument is unconvincing in two important respects.
The main problem with this argument involves the author's assumption that the financial success of the other films was due entirely to Robin Good's participation. If this were the case, it would certainly make good sense to pay Robin handsomely to star in 3003. However, the author offers no conclusive evidence to support this contention.
Moreover, there are many factors that could account for the financial success of the movies in which Robin previously acted other than the mere fact that Robin appeared in them. For example, their financial success might have been due to the photography, the plot of the story, the director or any combination of these. Lacking a more detailed analysis of the reasons for the success of these other movies, it is not sound to presume that their financial success was entirely due to Robin's participation.
In conclusion, this is a weak argument. To strengthen the conclusion that hiring Robin is the best way for the producers of 3003 to maximize their profits, the author will have to provide evidence that the financial success of the movies Robin previously worked in resulted solely from the fact that Robin starred in them.
Analysis of An Argument Index
© english-for-students.com. All rights reserved.


text:
"What I loved is the combination of purpose and artistry and the superb and decisive humour"
★★★★ - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
- Bleak windswept landscapes, folk in heavy woollen jumpers, cattle dogs and civil disobedience – what's not to like? This might be the best thing to come out of Iceland since their 2014 World Cup football team and that other-worldly clapping thing they made famous.
That's the thing about Iceland. They are so ... Icelandic. There aren't that many of them but their culture is deep and old, and they produce some spectacularly good films that are firmly rooted in their culture.
Australian filmmakers used to worry a lot about making films that reflected our distinctiveness – and occasionally we still do – but it seems to come naturally to the handful of fine filmmakers working in Iceland. It's something to do with the way they use landscape, humour and an implicit sense that the world is much stranger than everyone admits.
Rams, from a few years ago, was a good example.
Woman at War is a terrible title for a film in which there are no guns, no violence and only a single drop of spilled blood. The heroine Halla (Halldora Geirhardsdottir) is a student of non-violence, but also a woman of action. In the first scene she shoots a cable over a tower taking electricity to a Rio Tinto aluminium smelter, cutting off its power.
She then runs, through some of that high boggy treeless mountain landscape that can be found only in Iceland. As the helicopters come looking, she hides in clefts and bogs, finally dragging herself back to her city life – where she conducts a choir, living a quiet life as a single woman.
Halla is about 50, about as far from the usual depiction of a cinematic woman-warrior as it is possible to get, but that is the beauty of the character. She's like the rest of us for a reason. If the film has an agenda, it is to dramatise the idea that we are running out of time as a species. Time for action.
Halla has done the electrical sabotage trick five times already and the politicians call her a terrorist. They have called in help from American and Israeli intelligence. The net is tightening around her.
If this were all the film offered – an eco-lecture, draped in accusation – I would not be giving it a rave review. What I loved is the combination of purpose and artistry: the depth of feeling, the depth of storytelling, the profound connection to the landscape in which it is set, and the superb and decisive humour.
At one point, Halla has to drag the carcass of a dead ram over her head in order to fool the heat-seeking helicopter above. Now that's entertainment!
Humour is the engine, but it's always in balance with a sense of character – and that comes from Halldora Geirhardsdottir's remarkable performance, which combines modesty and steely nerve.
She does not act like she's in a comedy; nor like she thinks she's anything special. When a letter arrives from the adoption authorities, in response to an application that she made four years earlier, the film shifts gears, becoming so much wider in ideas and gravity.
The director Benedikt Erlingsson was himself an eco-warrior when he was younger (at 18, he chained himself to a whaling ship) but he buries any desire to preach. You have to pay attention to hear the ecology message, but not to feel it.
That comes from the film's strong connection to the outlandish Icelandic landscape. The camera gets low and close, so that we can almost smell the heather, and the sulphurous tang of the hot springs.
Clever directors sometimes like to tell us how smart they are; Erlingsson holds himself back. There's a lot going on beneath the surface of the film, in terms of its classical story structure and ideas, but those things are never sign-posted.
Erlingsson is about 50 – with a long history of theatre before he turned to film. He brings artistic humility as well as ambition – a desire to find a new polemic for the times.
The film is very freestyle: a band of three musicians often appear at the back of the scene, watching the action, like a Greek chorus, inventing a soundtrack in response to what they are seeing. He's not the first to do that, but he might be the first to do it so well.
- Sydney Morning Herald


The Sports sun cream is specifically designed for high-intensity activity use for long periods, in or out of the water.
The cream offers 5-star UVA protection, water resistance and broad spectrum filters, as well as an effective jellyfish repellent to provide safer sea swimming.
Apply liberally over dry skin 30 minutes prior to sun exposure. One application lasts for up to 6 hours or 80 minutes swimming. Reapply every 2 hours in areas of increased humidity, after swimming or using a towel.
My husband and I are both fair skinned and I bought this for our 2 week holiday in the Caribbean. Previously we had some issues with small jellyfish as well and this lotion was perfect! It was slightly greasy when first applied, but soaked into the skin quickly and it prevented both of us from getting sunburnt. We did a lot of swimming, snorkeling & paddle boarding and this certainly kept us protected - plus no stings from jellyfish or any other creatures. I can highly recommend it and will only be buying Lifesystems sun lotions in future!
Used it on two long Trail Runs in the last week..... it's good. No sore sunburn at all.....just follow the directions and put it on 30 mins before.
Came quite quickly and does the job, haven't seen how it copes when I sweat.