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Mr. Mitchell, Designer of the Spitfire – In Memory of a Brilliant Mind
Mr. Mitchell, Designer of the Spitfire
In Memory of a Brilliant Mind
Designing the Supermarine Type 300 Even before the type 224 was rejected for the F7/30 specification, R.J. began working on a new project, the ...
By Editor | Posted on 2010-04-12 | Comments (7) | Category: Articles | Tags: 1936, 1937, history, people, pre-war, Spitfire prototype
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Designing the Supermarine Type 300
Even before the type 224 was rejected for the F7/30 specification, R.J. began working on a new project, the type 300, which would become the Spitfire. It was intended to use the Goshawk engine – so again the design included a strong metal leading edge in front of the wing spar to act as the condensation tank for the steam cooling.
When the new Rolls-Royce PV-12 engine (later to become the Merlin) was substituted, the strong metal leading edge was retained because the Merlin was originally envisaged as having steam cooling like the Goshawk, albeit with a small back-up radiator. After the first few Mk A and B Merlins used this composite cooling system, the Mk C and all subsequent Merlins switched to an all-liquid system. This used Ethylene Glycol, which transferred heat better than water and hence meant the radiators could be made smaller.
The strong leading edge structure of the Spitfire's wing was no longer needed as a condenser tank, but it was retained. Out of such fluke design evolutions was the classic Spitfire wing developed, the key to the aircraft's success. The wing was extremely strong, having a central spar made up of hollow sections that slotted into each other. The result was not unlike a leaf-spring, providing great resilience. The metal leading edge "box" in front of the spar added very much to this strength.
The wheels retracted outwards into the wing, meaning the undercarriage mechanism could be put in the thickest part of the wing, this knowingly kept the wing thin. The undercarriage retracted into bays to the rear of the wing spar meaning the structural integrity of the the spar-leading edge "box" was not impaired.
To aid the flying qualities of the aircraft, the wings incorporated "wash-out" meaning the angle to the air flow was slightly greater near the fuselage than at the tip. It meant the pilot got plenty of warning of a stall, as the aircraft would start to "talk" to the pilot through feedback to the controls. This is particularly important in combat as in a tight turn the aircraft needs to be kept just on the "edge" of stalling to get the minimum turning circle. The Spitfire's wing turned out to be capable of withstanding very high Mach numbers. In fact the wing's performance at high speed was often better than the wings designed for the early jet fighters ten years later.
The design work was well advanced when the RAF asked for an armament of eight machine guns in all new fighter aircraft. This change is often credited to Sqn/Ldr Ralph Sorley, but Colin Sinnott in his book The RAF and Aircraft Design 1923-1939 shows that the RAF was calling for 6 or 8 guns in fighters well before Sorley joined the Air Staff.
Over at the Hawker aircraft company, Sydney Camm who was designing the Hurricane, had no problems fitting the guns close together in the thick wing of the Hawker fighter. However, Mitchell wanted to keep the Spitfire's wings as thin as possible. To do this and accommodate not only the guns, but also their ammunition boxes, the guns had to be spread out along the wing. Mitchell had adopted an elliptical wing plan for his new aircraft, and this proved capable of holding four machine guns in each wing rather than the two it was originally envisioned as taking.
Contrary to what is frequently stated, the elliptical wing design of the Spitfire hadn't been chosen primarily for its aerodynamic efficiency. The initial design of the type 300 featured a straight-tapered wing. In the end, it was the requirement for eight wing-mounted guns that prompted Mitchell to adopt the elliptical planform to provide more room for the guns outside of the wheel wells.
[Crown Copyright]
Mitchell gave the type 300 a monocoque fuselage, which meant that the interior was unobstructed by bracing struts or wires. This was in contrast with the Hurricane, which had a fuselage constructed around a welded steel frame much like a fabric-covered biplane. The space inside the Spitfire was later put to good use in photo-reconnaissance Spitfires where large cameras were mounted behind the pilot pointing downwards and to the side.
The Spitfire's fuel tank was mounted between the engine and the pilot. The Spitfire was not designed to carry fuel in the wings. Only later was fuel put in the wings, inside the leading edge torsion box, for reconnaissance Spitfires – at the expense of armament. The fighter Spitfire was always restricted to a short range, although to be fair all other single-seat fighters of the same vintage, except for the Japanese Zero, had the same problem. The Allies had to wait for the later Mustang and Thunderbolt before they had fighters that had a range of 1,000 miles or more.
Prototype is Built
For a brief initial period, the Type 300 Spitfire was developed by Supermarine as a private venture. Vickers attitude to developing the Spitfire is particularly admirable when it is remembered that Vickers Aircraft itself had spent a lot of time and money on its own single engine fighters, the Jockey and the Venom. The latter was very much in with a chance of winning Air Ministry production orders when the Spitfire design was first started.
A myth has grown up that RAF showed little interest in the Type 300 Spitfire and that Sir Robert allowed no "intervention" from the Air Ministry. In fact the RAF seems to have welcomed the Type 300 Spitfire development very early on, even before the Type 224 had been rejected for F7/30. At first they regarded the Spitfire as a "high speed technology demonstrator" which would push forward aircraft design, but it quickly became apparent that the new aircraft would be suitable for production as a front-line fighter. The RAF produced Specification F10/35 around the Spitfire and considerably reduced their normal requirements for fuel capacity and range to comply with the Supermarine design. It is also the Air Ministry which put up the money for building of the prototype.
Mitchell devoted most of the year 1935 to work on the Spitfire. Two people on the design team deserve special mention; Beverly Shenstone, Canadian aerodynamicist, did the outstanding wing design and Alfred Faddy who did much of the detail design work.
The naming of the new aeroplane was done by the directors of Supermarine. For a time they were thinking of calling it the "Shrew". However, in the end they decided to keep the name given originally to the type 224, the Spitfire. Mitchell's Sister in law Elsie remembers him saying, "Bloody silly sort of a name."
The Spitfire prototype, with the serial number K5054, first flew from what is now Southampton airport on the 5th March 1936. Piloted by "Mutt" Summers, it was reported to handle beautifully. In later tests it reached 349 mph. There was no doubting that Mitchell had delivered the goods. Even before the prototype had completed its official trials the RAF ordered 310 Spitfires, the success of Mitchell's design was assured.
The era of the monoplane piston-engined fighter lasted only some 15 years, from about 1935 to 1950. The Spitfire was unique in that it was the only aircraft to span this whole period and stay "the best". This is the true mark of Mitchell's Genius.
Mitchell's other outstanding design of the immediate pre-war period was the Walrus amphibian, which built itself a reputation for ruggedness in the air-sea rescue role. Also, a design which was often in the news in the early thirties was the "Air Yacht", a flying boat for the wealthy to "cruise" between the fashionable French and Italian coastal resorts.
Looking at the Supermarine Walrus it is hard to imagine that this aircraft was produced during almost the same period as the Spitfire. Despite this contrast, the Walrus was one of the most successful of Mitchell's designs.
[Winstonwolfe coll.]
It is also interesting to look at another Mitchell's design that never got into the air – the Supermarine bomber. In designing the Spitfire Mitchell had pioneered a unique method of wing construction, the single spar with a thick metal leading edge. If this leading edge section could be filled with fuel it promised an aircraft with a very thin wing and slim aerodynamic fuselage while still having large fuel capacity. The Supermarine Bomber (project B12/36) would have carried a bomb-load almost as great as the Lancaster at greater heights and at a speed close to that of the Spitfire…
The B12/36 could have given the RAF a bomber superior to every other World War II type except maybe the B-29 Superfortress. As it was, Supermarine just did not have the workforce or factory capacity to push forward the project and when the prototype was destroyed on its jigs, during the Luftwaffe attack on the Woolston Supermarine factory in September 1940, the bomber project was abandoned.
My painting of the Supermarine B12/36 as first designed by Mitchell (it was revised after his death) – attacked by Heinkel 113 fighters.
[John Dell]
The Final Year
It was in 1936 that Mitchell was again diagnosed to have cancer. In February 1937 he went into hospital in London but returned to his home soon after. Mitchell had to give up work, however he was often seen watching the testing of the Spitfire prototype at Eastleigh airfield from his motor-car when he should have been home resting. He flew to Vienna for treatment in late April 1937 but returned to England at the end of May.
During the last months of his life he liked to sit in his garden, admire the flowers and listen to the bird-song. He died of cancer on the 11th June 1937 at the age of forty-two.
The responsibility for the development of the Spitfire fell to "Joe" Smith, who had served as Supermarine's chief draughtsman for many years.
The Mitchells had one son, Gordon. It is perhaps surprising that for years no proper biography of Mitchell had ever been published. It therefore fell to Doctor Gordon Mitchell to tell his father's story in two books R.J. Mitchell – World Famous Aircraft Designer and R.J.Mitchell – Schooldays to Spitfire.
"The First of the Few"
During the war, Leslie Howard, best remembered today for his role as Ashley in Gone With The Wind, and one of the finest British film directors of the day, made a dramatised film of the story of the development of the Spitfire. It is more poignant for knowing that Howard himself was killed by the Nazis later in the war when an aeroplane carrying him home to England over the Bay of Biscay was singled out for interception by the Luftwaffe.
Called The First Of The Few and first shown in cinemas in 1942, the film is propaganda, but of a gentle and particularly English kind. The opening sequence on an RAF station during the Battle of Britain looks a little awkward until you realise that these are not actors but actual serving pilots who fought in the Battle. The film traces the story of Mitchell and the Spitfire from Supermarine's Schneider Cup winning year of 1922 up to Mitchell's death and beyond to the Battle of Britain. David Niven provides comic relief as a girl chasing test-pilot. Rosamund John plays Florence Mitchell. Howard himself plays Mitchell with a performance that non other than Noel Coward said was "acting that transcended acting".
In lieu of a proper biography of R.J. Mitchell the film has been taken as a true record of Mitchell's life. However there are some departures from the strict truth. Firstly the nature of Mitchell's illness is not touched upon, but this is more than understandable given the attitudes towards colostomy at the time. Somehow the myth grew that R.J. Mitchell died from tuberculosis, even today this misconception is sometimes repeated on web sites and magazine articles.
Next the film gives the impression that Mitchell worked himself to death and gave up the chance of a recovery to finish the Spitfire in time for the coming war. This seems to be dramatic licence, it was not unusual for Mitchell to work late at the office but he also enjoyed a full family life and to have regularly taken part in sports like tennis, golf, snooker, shooting and sailing (he could often disappear for a couple of hours during the working day – sailing his boat from the factory slipway). Indeed the remarkable thing is that he led such a well-rounded life while suffering from serious illness and at the same time heading a design team producing the most advanced aircraft of the age. Also, during Mitchell's last year it was the design of the Supermarine B12/36 bomber, the R1/36 fast flying boat and the F37/35 four-cannon fighter that preoccupied him, rather than the Spitfire.
Lastly an episode in the film where Mitchell and Niven's test-pilot character go to Germany in the early 1930's seems to be a complete invention. However it is possible that Howard was incorporating events that occurred to Mutt Summers (Vickers/Supermarine test pilot and the pilot of the prototype Spitfire) or Beverly Shenstone (Vickers/Supermarine's aerodynamicist) both of whom visited or worked in Germany in this period. Mitchell's wife also had a skiing holiday in Austria in the mid 1930's. In any event the scene where Mitchell meets Messerschmitt in a German Inn and comes away convinced he must design a fighter to protect Britain must be one of the most dramatic inventions in cinema history.
The film has other memorable moments, none less than the finale when David Niven's test-pilot character, now in the Air Force and fresh from a dogfight with German Messerschmitt fighters, pushes back the cockpit canopy of his Spitfire and shouts at the sky:
"They can't take the Spitfires Mitch!
They can't take them!"
By the way, R.J. Mitchell was never known as "Reg" or "Reginald" except by his wife or parents. In true British middle class between-wars fashion he would have been called "Mitchell" or "R.J." by his peers and "Mr Mitchell" by those who worked for him. The only exception to this were the pilots of the RAF high-speed flight who took part in the Schneider races, they alone called him "Mitch".
All who now live in peace and freedom would do well to remember that one man can make a difference and be thankful that Mitchell's Spitfire was ready in the summer of 1940.
"R.J. Mitchell – World Famous Aircraft Designer" by Gordon Mitchell. ISBN 0 947750 053. Published by Nelson and Saunders.
"R.J. Mitchell, Schooldays to Spitfire" by Gordon Mitchell. ISBN 0 7524 23223. Published by Tempus Publishing Ltd.
"Eagle to Spitfire – Pictorial Tribute to the Designs of R.J. Mitchell" – An article by John Godwin in Air Enthusiast Issue 71 (Sept/Oct 1997).
"Spitfire Mitchell" – An article in "The Book of Flying" published by Evans Brothers Ltd 1948.
"Birth of a Legend – the Spitfire" by Jeffrey Quill. Published by Quiller Press, ISBN 0907621 64 3.
"Spitfire – A Test Pilot's Story" by Jeffrey Quill. Available from Crecy publishing in softback. ISBN 0-94755-472-6
This article was first published at Dinger Dell's Supermarine Spitfire Pages
Reginald Mitchell and the Spitfire
Supermarine S.6B
Ivor & Kevan Bundell – "Mr. Mitchell's Angel"
Spitfire: 75 Years on From Inaugural Flight
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By Raymond Thomas | 2016-12-11 at 19:07 | permalink
I WONDERED IF RJ MITCHELL MET BARNES WALLIS AS THEY HAD BOTH WORKED FOR VICKERS?


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MLB trade deadline: Sale, Quintana, and Archer. Who has the most value? You decide.
Sale, Quintana, Archer? Quintana, Sale, Archer? Archer, Sale, Quintana? Sale, Archer, Quintana? Quintana, Archer...
By Austin Yamada Jul 28, 2016, 1:00pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: MLB trade deadline: Sale, Quintana, and Archer. Who has the most value? You decide.
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I don't think it's particularly controversial to say that, out of all of the pitchers mentioned in trade rumors over the past month, Chris Sale, Jose Quintana, and Chris Archer are the three with the highest trade value...but in what order?
99 times out of 100, our articles at Beyond the Box Score will include a stance by the author on the particular topic. However, in this particular case, I would like to open it up to public discussion. I will just include the pros and cons for each pitcher, and you folks can decide for yourselves. 'Trade value' can be slightly ambiguous, so the exact question is -- if they were traded before August 1, which of the three pitchers would return the most in a deal with a contending team?
Chris Sale
Argument for: Out of the three, Chris Sale is probably the best pitcher, and teams are interested in trading for these players because they want help right now. Chris Sale has literally never been bad in any season of his career; his 2015 ERA of 3.41 was the highest of his career, and that was also accompanied by a 32.1 percent K rate and 4.9 percent walk rate.
After showing spotty control as a youngster, Sale has made a Kershaw-ian type of jump, sporting a cumulative BB/9 of under 2 over the last four seasons. His career 3.05 FIP / 3.00 xFIP / 2.90 SIERA paints him as an upper-tier ace, and unless you're a huge Corey Kluber fan, Sale is probably the best pitcher in the AL. Beginner's tip: the best pitcher of his respective league is rarely available in trade, and when he is, he's very valuable.
If you're more of a traditional baseball fan who prefers scouting over numbers, Sale matches up very well too. If you've ever watched him pitch, you tend to wonder how anyone ever gets a hit off him. He has a mid-90s fastball with plus run, an excellent changeup, and an even better slider, all of which come from a deceptive, low arm slot from the left side. He's on a very short list among starting pitchers that boast a plus fastball, a plus breaking ball, and a plus changeup. Oh, and as I've mentioned on this site before, he threw the best slider I've ever seen in my entire life to Carlos Gonzalez in the All-Star Game at Citi Field.
Argument against: There are both short-term and long-term arguments that make Sale a risky bet, especially compared to Quintana and Archer. In the short-term, Sale has shown a few worrying trends this season. His strikeouts have dropped precipitously, and although his 8.73 K/9 is still quite good, it's nowhere near the gaudy 11.82 mark that it was last season or the 10.76 K/9 in 2014.
His velocity is also down 1.5 mph from last season, although to be fair, Sale has publicly stated that he's making a conscious effort not to go all-out with his stuff in order to maximize durability and efficiency. This could help explain the drop in strikeouts and velocity. However, he has also been especially homer-prone this season, and his 3.69 FIP / 3.69 xFIP / 3.59 SIERA in 2016 isn't exactly ace-level. Finally, his BABIP is an unsustainably-low .257, so if he keeps pitching like he has been, it's likely that his 3.18 ERA will rise to a level closer to his ERA predictors.
There are long-term considerations, as well, that might steer you toward one of the other two. Sale is under control for three more seasons, which is significant, but it's less team control than either Quintana or Archer. Sale also has that funky delivery that led many scouts to project him as a reliever, and it still worries many prognosticators today that he might be at higher risk for an arm injury.
Jose Quintana
Argument for: In comparison to the other two, much of the arguments for Quintana will be non-performance-related, but it's easy to forget that Quintana is quite awesome at baseball in his own regard. The baseball blogging nerds have cried for years that Quintana is one of the most underrated pitchers in baseball, and the stats back that up. Over the last three seasons, Quintana's 3.11 FIP ranks in the top five among all AL starters, while his fWAR places him seventh in all of baseball over that same span. Chris Sale is sixth on that same list.
Does a one-spot ranking justify the fact that Quintana comes with an extra year of team control and without the same concerns over injury and declining velocity? In fact, Quintana's velocity is on the rise, and his 92.2 mph average fastball is much higher than his 90.4 mark as a rookie. However, Quintana's velocity isn't high enough where you might fear an elbow pop on any pitch. His mechanics are also incredibly clean, and he's on pace to top 200 innings for the fourth consecutive season. With Quintana, you're almost assuredly getting a safe bet in terms of performance, consistency, and durability.
Argument against: Quintana is almost definitely the worst pitcher out of the three, and that matters a lot when you're dealing with winning-hungry contenders at this time of year. He may be a safe bet, but he also comes with very little upside relative to Sale and Archer.
His career K rate is under 20 percent (Archer - 24.7 percent; Sale - 27.9 percent), while his career batting average against is an astoundingly-high .255 (Archer - .230; Sale - .221). His control is good (career 6.3 percent walk rate), but not elite, so he allows more baserunners than you'd typically like (career 1.24 WHIP).
In fact, besides durability and consistency, his only pitching skill that's well above average is home run prevention. But even that looks rather unsustainable, as he doesn't get an overwhelming number of ground balls. He thrives off a low HR/FB rate, and as we've seen with Matt Cain, that phenomenon can sustain itself for only so long, if it's even a verifiable skill.
In addition, Quintana's already-pedestrian ground-ball rate has dropped to below 40 percent. Because his home run prevention is due to a low HR/FB rate, rather than a lot of ground balls, that explains his remarkable FIP, while his more advanced ERA indicators paint a much gloomier picture. His career xFIP is 3.77, while his career SIERA is 3.85. Those numbers are more in line with pitchers like Mike Leake, Rick Porcello, and present-day Scott Kazmir. While those three are all fine pitchers, they aren't guys that you'd consider trading your farm to acquire.
Before you say, "yeah, but Quintana is younger", would you believe that he's actually the same age as Porcello? He's also only a year younger than Leake. Quintana was somewhat of a late bloomer, so you may think he's young because he wasn't on your mind as a prospect, but he's actually the same age as Sale and Archer.
Would you be comfortable letting Quintana start game 1 or 2 of a playoff series for your contending team against a high-powered offense? I'm not so sure I would. He doesn't have the stuff to buzz-saw right through a top-tier lineup; his fastball isn't overpowering, and I wouldn't classify any of his pitches as more than a 55 on the 20-80. I'm sorry, Jose. Those not named Chris obviously have inferior stuff to those named Chris.
You could certainly make an argument that, out of the three pitchers, Quintana has the highest projected excess value over the life of their respective contracts, but teams pay for talent, and the question is which pitcher would fetch the most in a trade right now.
Chris Archer
Argument for: With Archer, you're getting the best of both worlds from Sale and Quintana. He comes with the elite strikeout ability of Sale, but he also comes with the clean mechanics and durability of Quintana. Yes, I'm aware that Sale has been mostly healthy throughout his career, but Archer has been completely healthy. In fact, not only has Archer never been to the DL in his MLB career, from what I can tell he's never been injured in his lengthy minor league career either.
From a performance standpoint, he struck out over 250 batters last season, and he's followed that up by leading the league in strikeouts this year. He's just a few months removed from an elite season of 2.90 FIP / 3.01 xFIP / 3.08 SIERA, and the ability is clearly still there. His walks and home runs allowed have spiked, but for all of the belly-aching about how bad he's been this season, it would surprise many that Archer has the best xFIP this season out of the three pitchers. His gopherball problems can largely be explained away by a wonky HR/FB rate this season that should almost certainly come down to normal.
Also, it's important to keep something in mind when viewing Archer's career stats. Out of every single active pitcher in Major League Baseball, Archer probably has faced the toughest competition over his career pitching in the strongest offensive division in baseball. But the Rays are also the weakest offense in the AL East, and Archer doesn't get to pitch against them. All four of the other teams have been high-powered offenses for most or all of Archer's career, and all four play in extreme hitter-friendly ballparks as well. No matter which contender deals for Archer, they are bringing him to a more friendly pitching environment.
From a scouting perspective, he's got stuff that makes you say 'wow', and that backs up the strong strikeout rates. Since his debut, among pitchers with at least 600 innings, Archer's fastball velocity ranks third in the MLB behind just Nathan Eovaldi and Stephen Strasburg ... and that's not even Archer's best pitch. As strong as Sale's argument is for best lefty slider in baseball, Archer has an equally strong argument for best right-handed slider in baseball. It drops off the table with sharp lateral movement as well, and you exclaim, "wow, what a great 83 mph slider" until you look at the radar gun and see that it was 92 mph.
Oh, and I almost forgot to talk about that sweet, sweet contract...if his isn't the best contract in baseball, you can count the better ones on one hand. He makes $2.8 million this season, $4.8 million next season, $6.2 million in 2018, and $7.5 million in 2019. But wait...there's more! He then has two team options for 2020 and 2021 at $9 million and $11 million respectively. A team gets him through 2021 for a combined total of under $40 million; but if his arm goes ka-blooey, the team is on the hook for just $18.5 million total. It's the kind of contract that makes you feel for the guy, Salvador Perez-style.
Argument against: I just spent the longest time making an argument for Archer, compared to the other two, so you'd think that he's definitely the right choice. But there's one important factor running against him -- actual run prevention, which is literally a pitcher's one job. I don't care how much you believe in advanced stats; Archer has been plain bad this season. He's walking 3.52 batters and allowing 1.45 home runs per nine innings, and batters' slash lines on the season is a collective .247/.315/.425.
In other words, every batter is basically 2016 Andrew McCutchen or Adam Jones against him. Even if you trust your gut on advanced numbers, he's the type of guy that you could talk yourself into trading the whole farm to get in the offseason rather than right now. And as has been proven with Johnny Cueto and Ricky Nolasco, advanced ERA indicators are right only most of the time.
At some point, Archer needs to start preventing runs again, and maybe this is just who he is. His 2016 ERA is 4.42, and he's never had an ERA lower than 3.22 in any season of his entire career. His career 3.54 mark is fine, but it's worse than Quintana's and significantly worse than Sale's. His combination of walks and home runs leads to big innings -- like, innings that could completely bury you in a playoff game. And in terms of long-term concerns, he throws sliders almost 40 percent of the time, and his fastball is down an entire mph this season. Both of these are somewhat minor concerns as well, but they're concerns that a pitcher like Quintana doesn't have.
With all of that in mind, if you were the GM of a contending team, which player would you most like to acquire? I'm going to include a poll at the end of this article, but I would also like to hear in the comments who you'd prefer and why. Oh, and to make this more interesting, you're welcome to construct and include a package from any/some/all of the Red Sox, Dodgers, and Rangers that you think would be a fair return for the pitcher you choose.
Austin Yamada is a contributing writer for Beyond the Box Score.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Kim and JP, April 2017, The Horticultural Center, Philadelphia, PA | "Give Me More Details!"
"Good things come to those who wait" and this could not be truer for being able to share the details from Kim and JP's wedding day. Why were we waiting to share? Well….we are excited to announce that Kim and JP's wedding day has been featured in New Jersey Bride magazine!
We couldn't be happier for a more deserving couple to be able to highlight their wedding in print and we feel extremely grateful to be part of the team that brought all the pieces to wedding day together.
Kim reached out to Diamonds and Details in January of 2017 to help with day of coordination. The couple felt with a ceremony at St. Joe's Chapel and the reception at the Horticulture Center, as well as a very large vendor team and many items to set up at the venue, they would benefit from a day of coordination team to keep things moving smoothly. If all those items were not enough to require the assistance of a day of coordinator, Kim and JP also had the extra stress of planning their wedding around one of Philadelphia's biggest events in 2017 – the NFL draft which was taking place right around their home and where Kim would be getting ready for wedding day. I met with Kim and JP at the Hort Center for a walk through and immediately clicked with the couple. (It didn't hurt that JP and I root for the same sports teams. Do I dare say in Philadelphia – Go Mets and Go Giants?) I looked forward to working with them and assured the couple that even the NFL draft wouldn't keep my team from making sure their wedding day was stress-free and flawless!
Now that the New Jersey Bride feature has been released, I am excited to be able to share more than just the sneak peek photos that we had previously shared from Kim and JP's wedding photographer Emily Wren Photography. Emily really does work magic with her photos and what you can't tell from looking at them was that (as if we didn't have enough to contend with on wedding day!) Mother Nature decided to share a very rare and very hot almost 90 degree April day with us! With a venue (the Hort center) without air conditioning and a Bride who added long sleeves to her wedding dress (yikes!), the heat never really become an issue as Kim and JP had put together a dream team of wedding professionals (thank you!) who handled all the extra hiccups as pros and a wedding party filled with family and friends who were just there to make JP and Kim's day as special and memorable as possible (no matter how much they were sweating!).
We can't say it enough, Diamonds and Details clients are truly the best in the business. While it's always exciting to see your company name in print, the reason that I continue to pursue this passion is because of the people I get to work with and the clients who continue to trust me with their wedding day. Thank you to Kim and JP for including us in your wedding day dream team and for the opportunity to to share in your New Jersey Bride magazine feature and most importantly, having the opportunity to meet you both. Many, many happy wishes ahead from Diamonds and Details (and to JP – don't worry the Giants will be back next season)!


A nice roof can add so much curb appeal to a home. The color and the materials used can make a big difference in the look of your home. If you want a roof that stands out and brings out the curb appeal of your home, that can add value to your home. If someone says that the look of a roof doesn't matter, it is a false statement. A nice-looking roof requires an expert to let you see what your roof will look like with certain materials. If you can see what you are getting, you are more likely to understand what you want and be able to make a decision. The siding and the roof make a big difference to the look of your home. When it comes to roofing needs, you can count on the experts at Roof Worxs. They will get the job done right and they will make sure your are satisfied. Don't wait to get your roof replaced when it needs to be done. You will need to have a roofer from the company come and give you a quote. They will discuss what you want first and then you can make a decision when you decide what you want to do.
When it comes to roofing contractors, you will find the finest roofers with the people at Roof Worxs. You will be happy that you have found a company that you can rely on and trust. Trust is a big deal and you can count on this company to get you the help that you need and steer you in the right direction when you are deciding on the kind of roof that you want. When they know your budget, it will help and they can give you your options. When you have a large windstorm that damages roofs in your area, you will be in the market to have a new roof if yours has been badly damaged. You can have this company come out and give you an estimate. Another common problem is hail damage. When there is a bad hail storm in the area, there will be many people asking for roof estimates on their home. You will be better off when you can get your phone call in early so that you can get a bid as soon as possible. The roof of your home in probably the most important thing to keep repaired and replaced when necessary. It protects the rest of the house.
A good roof contractor will make sure that your roof is installed perfectly so that it can do its job right, protecting the home from unwanted water and moisture. When you have the right roofing contractor, they will be honest with you about the damage they found and they will give you an honest recommendation. You will feel good working with someone that you can trust. Let them come out and give you a bid today for your roof replacement. Give them a call today.


The Board's conformance rule provides entities covered by section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act a period of two years after the statutory effective date, which would be until July 21, 2014, to fully conform their activities and investments to the requirements of section 619 of the Dodd-Frank Act and any implementing rules adopted in final under that section, unless that period is extended by the Board.
The Board, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the agencies) plan to administer their oversight of banking entities under their respective jurisdictions in accordance with the Board's conformance rule and the attached statement. The agencies have invited public comment on a proposal to implement the Volcker rule, but have not adopted a final rule.


text:
Matteo Garrone was born in Rome in 1968. He is the son of a theatre critic, Nico Garrone, and a photographer. In 1996 he won the Sacher d'Oro, an award sponsored by Nanni Moretti, with the short film ... read full biography
Known for Gomorrah (2008), Dogman (2018), Tale of Tales (2015), Reality (II) (2012)
Oct 15, 1968 (age 50)
1 official web site & 8 more links
imdb.me/matteogarrone
Nominated for 2 BAFTA Film Award Awards. Another 46 wins & 63 nominations
Writer (17)
Camera and Electrical Department (12)
Production Designer (2)
Cinematographer (2)
Art Department (1)
Costume Designer (1)
Films in Production (2 titles)
Producer Producer See fewer
Director, Producer, Writer (screenplay) Director, Producer, Writer (screenplay) See fewer
€18MM
Entering Red (2019)
(Short) - Camera Operator, Director Camera Operator, Director See fewer
Dogman (2018)
Camera Operator, Director, Producer, Writer (screenplay), Writer (story) Camera Operator, Director, Producer, Writer (screenplay), Writer (story) See fewer
Blue Kids (2017)
The One (2017)
(Short) - Director Director See fewer
ITL 0
Delightful (2017)
(Short) - Director, Writer (concept) Director, Writer (concept) See fewer
Before Design: Classic (2016)
Tale of Tales (2015)
Director (a film by), Producer, Writer Director (a film by), Producer, Writer See fewer
The Price of Crime (2014)
Special Thanks Special Thanks See fewer
€2MM
Thugs with No Legend (2013)
(Short) - Producer Producer See fewer
Tulpa - Perdizioni mortali (2012)
Gomorrah (2008)
Camera Operator, Director, Writer (screenplay) Camera Operator, Director, Writer (screenplay) See fewer
Mid-August Lunch (2008)
€500K
Una notte (2007)
Thanks Thanks See fewer
The Caiman (2006)
Direttore della fotografia Direttore della fotografia See fewer
First Love (2004)
Artist (sketches) (uncredited), Camera Operator, Director, Writer (story and screenplay) Artist (sketches) (uncredited), Camera Operator, Director, Writer (story and screenplay) See fewer
The Embalmer (2002)
Camera Operator, Director, Writer (story and screenplay) Camera Operator, Director, Writer (story and screenplay) See fewer
Roman Summer (2000)
Camera Operator (uncredited), Director, Producer, Writer (screenplay) Camera Operator (uncredited), Director, Producer, Writer (screenplay) See fewer
ITL 600MM
Il caso di forza maggiore (1998)
(Short) - Camera Operator (uncredited), Cinematographer, Director, Writer (screenplay) Camera Operator (uncredited), Cinematographer, Director, Writer (screenplay) See fewer
Oreste Pipolo, fotografo di matrimoni (1998)
Camera Operator (uncredited), Cinematographer, Director Camera Operator (uncredited), Cinematographer, Director See fewer
Guests (1998)
Costume Designer, Director, Producer, Production Designer, Writer (screenplay), Writer (story) Costume Designer, Director, Producer, Production Designer, Writer (screenplay), Writer (story) See fewer
Welcome Holy Spirit (1997)
Camera Operator, Director, Writer (concept) Camera Operator, Director, Writer (concept) See fewer
Land in Between (1996)
Director, Producer, Production Designer, Writer Director, Producer, Production Designer, Writer See fewer
(Short) - Director, Producer, Writer Director, Producer, Writer See fewer
Suffocating Heat (1991)
Second Assistant Camera Second Assistant Camera See fewer
Abbiamo vinto noi
Cyborgs Universe (2018)
(TV Series) - Special Thanks (1 episode, 2018) Special Thanks (1 episode, 2018) See fewer
Past and Future (Jan 1, 2018) Season 1, Episode 1 - Special Thanks Special Thanks See fewer
Il vigile urbano (1989– )
(TV Series) - Assistant Camera Assistant Camera See fewer
Self (20 titles)
Sembravano applausi (2018)
Himself Himself See fewer
Quan arribin els marcians (2018)
(TV Series) - Himself - Interviewee (1 episode, 2018) Himself - Interviewee (1 episode, 2018) See fewer
Bondat, sida i icones televisives (Nov 8, 2018) Season 2, Episode 9 - Himself - Interviewee Himself - Interviewee See fewer
Che tempo che fa (2018)
Episode dated 20 May 2018 (May 20, 2018) Himself Himself See fewer
Piazza Vittorio (2017)
Pina Bausch a Roma (2017)
David 60 - Ieri oggi domani (2016)
Self Self See fewer
Cinema 3 (2008–2015)
(TV Series) - Himself - Interviewee (6 episodes, 2008) Himself - Interviewee (6 episodes, 2008) See fewer
Episode dated 12 December 2015 (Dec 12, 2015) Himself - Interviewee Himself - Interviewee See fewer
Tria33 (2015)
Episode #1.140 (Dec 10, 2015) Season 1, Episode 140 - Himself - Interviewee Himself - Interviewee See fewer
Días de cine (2008–2015)
Rencontres de cinéma (2015)
Episode dated 21 June 2015 (Jun 21, 2015) Himself Himself See fewer
Cinema Italiano: Moments of Truth (2014)
Matteo Garrone: The Player (2013)
(Short) - Himself Himself See fewer
Janela Indiscreta (2010–2013)
(TV Series) - Himself (2 episodes, 2010) Himself (2 episodes, 2010) See fewer
Episode #1.152 (Jan 26, 2013) Season 1, Episode 152 - Himself Himself See fewer
Episode #1.15 (Jun 9, 2010) Season 1, Episode 15 - Himself Himself See fewer
Kinomagazin (2009)
Verwandelte Wirklichkeit - Das Kino des Matteo Garrone (Jun 30, 2009) Himself Himself See fewer
Episode #16.33 (May 10, 2009) Season 16, Episode 33 - Himself Himself See fewer
The 2008 European Film Awards (2008)
(TV Special) - Himself - Winner Himself - Winner See fewer
Cartelera (2008)
Episode dated 15 November 2008 (Nov 15, 2008) Himself - Interviewee Himself - Interviewee See fewer
Five Stories (2008)
Festival international de Cannes (2008)
Cérémonie de clôture du 61ème Festival international du film de Cannes (May 25, 2008) Himself Himself See fewer
Lara a Escort Story
Marcello Fonte
Marine Vacth


Deco Art Americana : Gooseberry Pink, Warm White, Celery Green, H. Medium Green, Lavender, Winter Blue, Marigold, Mauve, Trad. Raw Sienna, Espresso, Trad. Burnt Umber, Black, Buttermilk.
SURFACE: Wood heart, you can cut yourself. You can use any surface you like.
Sand paper, transfer paper, paper palette, stylus, MultipurposeSealer DecoArt, old music sheet, old book page, scissors, DecouPage DecoArt, spray varnish matte.


Cool it! This stylish, bladeless fan will help you keep cool and blow you away! Using new age bladeless technology, this hand-held fan is safe around curious ch..
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Carabiner Water Misting Fan 2 in 1 misting fan Powerful fan, refreshdetailedDescription":"12 Piece; Carabiner Keychain Squeeze Breeze Misting Fan Counter Displ..
O2COOL's 5-inch portable fan is perfect for indoor or outdoor activities, use in a hot office or at school, on a picnic and especially during a power outage. Ou..
Keep your house or office cool when those temperatures rise with the Jarden Home Environment Person Box Fan. It allows you to keep your space more comfortable d..
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Getting too hot sitting at that desk of yours and wishing you had some kind of breeze to help? Well now is your chance with this mini desktop fan. Just plug it ..
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Stay cool with GPX's USB Fan. This portable powered fan comes in red. Just plug it into your PC, laptop, or a USB wall adapter. Adjustable tiltLow noise4\" diad..
You put a lot of time, effort and money into creating a welcoming and comfortable home environment. Why put an ugly industrial looking house fan among your nice..


The heaviest loads ever hauled on provincial highways began a 90-mile trip in Manitoba on Sunday night, Nov. 4.
Three 193-ton electrical transformers valued at more than $5 million each are being moved – in three trips – from the plant where they were made to a power substation outside Winnipeg.
The self-propelled modular trailer that's moving them is 111 feet long and has 20 axles and 320 tires. It moves only at night and goes about 3 mph. The trailer is similar to the unit used to move the space shuttle Endeavour through the streets of Los Angeles.


Okay, can i just say that mickey rourke should have won something for this amazing performance. I loved Sean Penn in "Milk" but i actually drew some tears during this movie. He did a fantastic job and I couldn't tell where mickey began and "Ram" began.
This was a really raw performance and very gripping. I was able to relate to this on a very real level. Basically he gave up everything for wrestling and after a medical condition forced him to retire, he realized what he thought was important in his life.
The characters were very believable and i took an interest in Mickey becoming a part of society again. I liked the performance by Evan Rachel Wood and I don't care what anyone says, Marissa Tomei is no way Jose a day over 30 with a body like that.


This research work sought to determine the delinquent readership problems in libraries of colleges of education in Enugu and Ebonyi Sates. The main objective was to determine delinquent readership problems in three Colleges of Education Libraries in the two States. Five research questions were adopted for the study. Descriptive survey research method was adopted for the study. The instruments used were questionnaire (delinquent readership problems in Libraries of Colleges of Education in Enugu and Ebonyi States DRPCLQ) and interviews. The population of the study were the staff, students and the college librarians. The questionnaire was administered to 53 library staff of these three institutions to which 50 responded. Two interview schedules were constructed for students and college librarians and librarians of key areas (circulation, reference and serials) of these institutions, one for 45 students and the other one for the college librarians and librarians of key areas. The data collected was presented in tables and analyzed using means. It was discovered from the study that the three institution libraries experience delinquent readership behaviour in the form of hiding of library materials, mutilation, rip-off, theft, vandalism, answering of phone calls and noise-making. The factors responsible for these delinquent acts are poor security in the library, lack of photocopying facilities, lack of conscience among library users, and high cost of library materials These delinquent acts lead to inadequacy of library materials, frustration among the users and lack of interest in making use of the library materials among the users. Strategies for reducing the menace included: securing windows with burglar proofing and screens. orientation for new students, provision of photocopying facilities at reduced rates together with a standby generator and provision of adequate library materials.
Education has been identified as the instrument par excellence for national development in Nigeria. Consequently, teacher education has to occupy a position of pre-eminence in the planning and organization of our modern society. This in turn demands that the Nigerian people and government make both teaching and teacher education a very attractive professional pursuit. It is based on this that the Nigeria Certificate in Education (NCE) programme is generally aimed at producing teachers with high personal and professional discipline and integrity, teachers who are dedicated, with appropriate skills and intellectual depth that would facilitate easy achievement of the national goals on education as stated in the National Policy on Education.
* Discuss intelligently the main ideas that have affected and still affecting the development and practice of education generally and Nigeria in particular.
* Examine the main psychological and socio-economic factors that may help or hinder a child's educational performance.
* Discuss intelligently major issues affecting the teaching profession in Nigeria.
* Identify major problems of education in Nigeria.
* Completely carryout at least, a survey research on any educational problem in Nigeria.
* Study learners appropriately as to determine the most effective ways of relating to them to ensure their maximum learner-achievement.
* Select an effective use of appropriate teaching strategies and methods for maximum learner-achievement.
* Select and make effective use of appropriate instructional resources for maximum leaner-achievement.
* Broaden studies programme and demonstrate desirable levels of moral and character development.
The library is the intellectual power house of an institution of learning. It is the pivot on which all academic activities revolve. Batley, Carbo and Koenig (2007), define library as an organized collection of books and other materials. Such materials may include magazines, newspapers, maps, films, compact discs, computer systems, and other print, electronic and multimedia resources. Libraries play a vital role in the world's systems of communication and education. The numerous resources and services that libraries provide help people carry out their work, studies and leisure-time activities. Libraries rank among society's most important and useful cultural institutions. The libraries render these services to the society by creating knowledge, conserving it, retrieving it and disseminating it. By so doing, they play an active and invaluable role in research, training and education of the citizens and in the production of high level manpower in academic environments.
The libraries of the institutions of higher learning, such as colleges of education, polytechnics and universities, are committed to supporting and promoting the academic and research programmes of the parent institutions. For every college to achieve the above stated goals set by the National Commission for Colleges of Education, it must have a college library that will provide resources and services to the institution. College libraries, like other academic libraries, have the basic function of aiding the parent institutions in carrying out their objectives.
The objectives of the libraries include provision of information materials in support of the learning process, provision of materials to meet the requirements of faculty specialists and postgraduate students who are doing research, and provision of materials to assist the library user in his own personal self-development, (Ozioko, 1996).
* Ensure that its collection and services are designed to meet the objectives and information requirement of colleges of education.
* Ensure that the resources and facilities provided are maximally used through proper organization and dissemination.
* Give qualitative reference and information services for study, teaching and research needs in the college community.
* Evaluate from time to time the success of the library in meeting the library and information needs of users.
In the light of the importance of books and other information materials to our academic environment, book abuse in the form of theft, mutilation, hiding of books and vandalism have been a matter of concern to all libraries. The menace of these delinquent acts in the libraries hindered the growth of the library collections and imposed substantial financial drain on limited budgets of the library.


text:
2022-03-04 March 4, 2022 - 2022-03-09 March 9, 2022
March 4, 2022 @ 9:30 am - 10:30 am
Remote Access Only NY
Immediately following shaharit each Friday morning, join in weekly study of the Torah portion with Marshall T. Meyer Rabbinic Fellow Aaron Leven.
March 4, 2022 @ 10:15 am - 11:00 am Recurring Event Bim Bam In-Person Winter & Spring Series
Bim Bam In-Person Winter & Spring Series
Sanctuary 257 West 88th Street, New York, NY
Bim Bam gives children under three a fun space to get ready for Shabbat through interactive songs, movement, and stories, while practicing traditions such as lighting candles, saying Kiddush, and giving tzedakah. This program is entirely in Hebrew.
March 4, 2022 @ 5:15 pm - 5:45 pm Recurring Event In-Person and Virtual Tot Shabbat (Winter-Spring 2022)
In-Person and Virtual Tot Shabbat (Winter-Spring 2022)
Join us for a monthly interactive, joyful Friday evening Shabbat service full of lively songs, stories, Shabbat rituals, community connection, and more.
March 4, 2022 @ 6:15 pm - 7:30 pm Recurring Event Kabbalat Shabbat
Passionately traditional, boldly innovative, and deeply spiritual, Shabbat services at BJ are like no other.
March 5, 2022 @ 8:45 am - 9:25 am Recurring Event Hakhanah LaTefillah
Hakhanah LaTefillah
Rabbi Rachel Cowan Chapel 270 West 89th Street, New York, NY
Every other week, join Rabbi Roly Matalon to prepare the soul and open the heart for Shabbat morning prayers through the singing of piyutim and brief reflections.
March 5, 2022 @ 11:00 am - 11:45 am Recurring Event Early Childhood Families: Shabbat Services
Early Childhood Families: In-Person and Virtual Shabbat Services (Birth-Age 7)
Reception Room 270 West 89th Street, New York, NY
We offer weekly in-person Shabbat services for our Early Childhood Families community. The service will feature lively songs, stories, and movement for families with children from birth to 7 years old.
March 5, 2022 @ 11:00 am - 12:00 pm Recurring Event Early Childhood Families: In-Person Shabbat Services (K-2nd Grade)
Early Childhood Families: In-Person Shabbat Services (K-2nd Grade)
We are excited to bring back this lively service once a month, featuring Torah reading, songs, and more. This service is intended for families with children in K through 2nd grade.
March 5, 2022 @ 11:15 am - 12:00 pm Recurring Event Early Childhood Families: Virtual Shabbat Service
Early Childhood Families: Virtual Shabbat Service
This Shabbat morning experience for children and their families (Birth-Age 7), incorporates spirited prayer and singing, and fun learning activities. Each session includes special learning component for both children and parents.
Kick It Up!
Bring your sneakers and your game faces, because it's time for a fun afternoon of kickball and snacks at Riverside Park! This event is for children in 3rd-6th grade.
March 6, 2022 @ 10:30 am - 12:00 pm
Zayin Adar: Can We Really Turn Mourning Into Dancing?
On Zayin Adar, we come together as members and supporters of the Hevra Kadisha to acknowledge the sacred service of caring for the dead. How might Jewish wisdom help us weather a secondary pandemic of grief?
March 6, 2022 @ 11:30 am - 12:30 pm Recurring Event BJ Theater Company Purim Shpiel Rehearsals
BJ Theater Company Purim Shpiel Rehearsals
Location given upon registration
It's time for the BJ Theater Company's annual Purim Shpiel. Each year, we produce a splashy, spectacular Shpiel with a fun-filled theme. This show is open to age 5-eighth graders, and no previous theater experience is necessary.
March 6, 2022 @ 1:30 pm - 4:00 pm Recurring Event BJ Theater Company Purim Shpiel Rehearsals
Finding Joy in Times of Stress: A Jewish Mindfulness Workshop
Join Aviv and Yael Shy for a mindfulness and mental health workshop. Through meditation, journaling, and partner-based learning, you will leave the workshop with some tools to manage overwhelming emotions like anxiety and loneliness and cultivate heart-opening experiences.
Hebrew Speaking Havurah
The Hebrew Speaking Havurah continues! Each session we discuss a different topic, with a different member leading. In this gathering, just before Purim, we will discuss what's between המן and מנה. Join us to learn more.
March 6, 2022 @ 6:30 pm - 6:45 pm Recurring Event Arvit (Virtual)
Arvit (Virtual)
Join us in virtual community for arvit (the evening services). As we maintain a collective spiritual practice, please join us in supporting all those in our midst who are saying Kaddish.
Noa In Concert
Join us for an extraordinary musical event with Noa, also known by her given name Achinoam Nini, Israel's leading international concert and recording artist.
Volunteer Training to Support Afghan Families
In collaboration with Good Counsel Services Inc., join a training session on filing Humanitarian Parole applications for Afghan nationals and their families. Open to lawyers, law students, and anyone interested in volunteering (no legal experience needed).
March 8, 2022 @ 12:30 pm - 1:45 pm Recurring Event "Soul Food: A Taste of the World to Come" Lunch and Learn with Rabbi Felicia Sol
"Soul Food: A Taste of the World to Come" Lunch and Learn with Rabbi Felicia Sol
In this year of shemita (sabbatical year), we will study rabbinic and hassidic texts on Shabbat, opening up a doorway to the 25 hour taste of the world to come. No previous textual experience necessary.
March 8, 2022 @ 4:00 pm - 4:45 pm Recurring Event Shirah with Shira: Winter-Spring 2022
Shirah with Shira: Winter-Spring 2022
Frankel Hall 257 West 88th Street, New York, NY
Join us for a Hebrew immersion class geared toward children 3 and 4-years-old. Children will gain a sense of community rooted in Jewish tradition while gaining exposure to Israeli culture.
March 8, 2022 @ 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm Recurring Event Ukraine Conflict Support Group
Ukraine Conflict Support Group
The violent and harrowing conflict between Russia and Ukraine has affected all of us. To help people cope with and process these difficult times, The Jewish Board is offering two virtual weekly support groups.
Torah for Our Time with Rabbi Michelle Dardashti
Join Rabbi Michelle Dardashti for the final installment of Torah for our Time, exploring how we encounter fear in a Jewish context.
March 9, 2022 @ 11:30 am - 12:30 pm Recurring Event Ukraine Conflict Support Group


An event entirely dedicated to tuberoses, the wonderful flowers whose specific fragrance you either love or you hate, but which cannot leave you indifferent. Come meet the first Saxon community of tuberose growers in Romania, which has brought them to Hoghilag (or Halvelagen, just 16 kilometers from Sighișoara) and cultivated them here since the Middle Ages. The tuberose, also called the Mistress of the Night, is a night-blooming plant that will bloom once every three years and symbolizes sensuality. Tuberose essential oil is used by perfume and cosmetics manufacturers for its antifungal, antiseptic and restorative properties.
The event offers guided tours through local tuberose gardens, creative workshops, musical moments and activities for children, wine tastings, and an artisans' fair with traditional products.
Please find more details on the event's Facebook page or by emailing colineletransilvaniei@gmail.com.


text:
Richard B. Russell
In Sam Nunn
Richard Russell. His most noteworthy legislative achievements include drafting the 1986 Department of Defense Reorganization Act and, with Sen. Richard Lugar, the 1991 Nunn-Lugar Cooperative Threat Reduction Program. The former resulted in the most-significant defense reorganization since the National Security Act of 1947, and the…
United States presidential election of 1948
In United States presidential election of 1948: The conventions
…on the first ballot, beating Richard B. Russell, a U.S. senator from Georgia, who received the overwhelming backing of the Southern delegates who remained in the hall. The keynote speaker, Alben Barkley, a U.S. senator from Kentucky, was nominated as Truman's vice presidential running mate without opposition. Particularly notable at…


text:
Q: Can a shortcode included in post content add styles to the ? I have a shortcode that iterates through a list of custom post types and, as part of displaying them, creates a  block.
In HTML5, it is illegal to have a style block outside the header (maybe in other versions too, but we are using HTML5).
I am looking for a way that my shortcode can insert its  block into the head.
Any suggestions?
This is the page: http://2011.solarteam.org/sponsors/gift-recognition/view-of-living-room
The shortcode is called twice on a page.
Once like this [interactive slug='sponsor-map-living-room' show="image"]Select an item to learn more about its sponsor.[/interactive] to make the image.
Once like this [interactive slug='sponsor-map-living-room' show='list' headertitle='WaterShed Featured Sponsors: Living Room' /] to make the list at the bottom.
I can't put it in the template because the template does not know which slug goes on which page.

Here is a simplified version of the shortcode processing code:

<?
foreach($map->points as $point){
    $result = "";
    if(!in_array($point->pointer_type, $all_styles['regular'])){
        $all_styles['regular'][$point->pointer_type] = "
            .pointer_style_" . $point->pointer_type . " {
                width: " . $point->pointer_width(). "px;
                height: " . $point->pointer_height(). "px;
                background: transparent url('/images/interactive/pointers/" . $point->pointer_URL() . "');
            }
        ";
    }
    ob_start(); ?>
    <li class="tag_point sponsor_data_point pointer_style_<?php echo $point->pointer_type?>" id="point_<?php echo $point->ID ?>" data-in="#point_<?php echo $point->ID ?>_info" data-hover-style="pointer_s_style_<?php echo $point->selected_pointer_type?>" style="left:<?php echo $point->x - ($point->pointer_width()/2) ?>px;top:<?php echo $point->y - ($point->pointer_height()/2)?>px;">
    <div class="tag_info" id="point_<?php echo $point->ID ?>_info">

<?php echo $point->contribution ?>

<?php echo $point->description ?>

    <?
    $result .= ob_get_clean();
    $result .= "
\n";
    echo $result;
}
?>

The ";
    }
}
add_action('wp_head', 'wpse27772_output_styles');

A: I happen to know a little more about the requirements of this project so here's my suggestion.
There are a whole bunch of elements that each need the following styles:
- Background
- Size
- Color
- Hover behavior
- Position
All of these except the position can be saved in a separate stylesheet because they are the same for all the elements.
Pages with this shorttag are also all using a particular template.  You can use wp_enqueue_style to include the CSS file on those pages only.
For the few bits of style (the position) that can't be in the separate file because they come from the database, they can be inline, for example

.

A: Couldn't you you save your shortcode as a file?
Example:
Open a blank text document and paste your shortcode into it. Next save it as my_shortcode.php. Upload it to your themes root directory, then use
<?php get_template_part('my_shortcode'); ?>

By placing it before the closing head tag it should work. I've never tried it so I'm not positive, but it's worth a shot.

A: I realize this is an old question, but I recently needed to do just this. My solution was to hook into wp_head and run any shortcodes in the post content. This works because the shortcodes I'm dealing with call wp_enqueue_script and wp_enqueue_style when they are processed.
The code looks something like this:
function  example_shortcodes() {
    global $posts;

    foreach ( $posts as $my_post ) {

        ob_start(); // just in case
        do_shortcode( $my_post->post_content );
        ob_end_clean();
    }
}
add_action( 'wp_head', 'example_shortcodes', 5 );

Performance is a concern because this means you are running shortcodes twice, and there might be unintended side effects if a shortcode "does" something when it runs. Given that, it might be wise to only process specific shortcodes that you know will not be an issue with this technique.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Can You Get a Credit Card If You Have a Bad Credit Score?
If you have bad credit, your option for credit cards is very limited. The lower your credit score, the harder it is to get approved for a credit card. It can be disheartening to be rejected when you apply for a loan or credit card and other credit services. However, it is still possible to get a credit card. You can start by knowing what your scores are. There are multiple online calculators that assess your credit score and sends them over mail.
Very few credit card companies offer credit cards to people with bad credit score. You can avail the credit services from retail stores, which have limited credit. However, you must stay away from credit services that offer low credit limit and charge high-interest rates.
Another way to secure the credit card is to pay a deposit against the credit limit. This type of credit card is called the secured credit card. Over a period, this secured card can be made into unsecured credit card after making payments on time for one whole year. To avail a secured credit card, you don't need a great credit score but the deposit amount. You can start by saving some amount every month to accumulate the deposit amount and avail the credit card for yourself. The security deposit varies from one creditor to another. However, if you have a very bad credit score, you may have to deposit the amount, which equals the credit limit. You should be ready to make sacrifices to meet your goals, which is important for improving your credit score.
Once you have assessed the scores, you can set the target credit limit accordingly. You shouldn't go for a credit card designed for people with great credit scores. Besides denial, it will reflect badly on the already low credit scores.
You need to be aware of the fee harvesters, who charge a high fee that consumes a majority of your credit limit. You must do a thorough research on the creditors available before applying for one. Also, prepaid cards are not to be confused with credit cards. Prepaid cards are usually advertised by people with low credit scores. But, these aren't truly credit cards, as they require the applicant to deposit the credit sum beforehand. The purchase you make is deducted from the amount deposited. This type of cards don't make any difference to your credit scores.
With a low credit score, it is unlikely that you get any attractive credit card. You will have to deal with low credit limits, high-interest rates, and even poor customer service. However, all this is temporary. You must be diligent with the payments, and not make any defaults. After some period of time, you will improve your credit scores and qualify for better credit services. This period can be anywhere between 12 and 18 months.
To sum it up, it is not completely impossible to get a credit card with a low credit score. You can definitely get a credit card if you try to improve the score by putting in some serious effort.


Tim Wallace Landscape Supply provides the services you need to get those projects done. Let us deliver your landscape materials right to your yard! Schedule your delivery of topsoil, sand, gravel, pavers, decorative stone, cobblestone, boulders, Unilock pavers, bark mulch and plant material too!
Planting is available for professional installation with our locally grown nursery stock. If you are looking for instant shade our truck mounted hydraulic tree spade can move in big trees up to 8" diameter!
We cut pavers and blocks too – Visit the Saw Shop at the Bolingbrook Garden Center! Please mark your cuts; one day turn around. We cut on your mark. X the waste/cut off portions(s).
When your garden is asleep and the snow in deep, remember we are your local Western Snowplow Dealer; new equipment, parts and service available in the Bolingbrook Garden Center year round.
In 1984 Tim Wallace Landscape Supply Company was established delivering topsoil, sand, gravel. Today we still offer Same Day Delivery to our local area. Our product line has expanded to include mulch, decorative stone, natural stones and boulders which can be delivered as well.
Have landscape grade ornamental and shade trees locally grown in our Minooka, Illinois nursery installed professionally by Tim Wallace Landscape Supply. Select the perfect tree for your landscape and let us do the digging!
When you need instant shade we have the specialized equipment to get the job done. Truck mounted hydraulic tree spade can move up to an 8" caliper tree and evergreens up to 12' tall – so make sure we have room! Projects are quoted individually based on site conditions.
Tim Wallace Snowplow Supply is your local Western Snowplow Dealer; new equipment, parts and service are available in the Bolingbrook Garden Center year round. Visit the indoor showroom to see new snowplows and salters. Bulk salt, bagged salt and calcium chloride are ready for pick up when the snow flies. Sorry – We do not plow residential sites.


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text:
Electric Wheelchair Hockey (EWH) is a sport for the disabled which has been practised in the world for more than a decade. It was developed in the 1970s in Netherlands by an enthusiastic hockey player who got injured and had to start using a wheelchair. In 2004 the first EWH World Cup took place in Finland. The International Commitee of EWH is intent on having this sports accepted as part of the Paralympic Games for year 2012.
On October 9th 2004, the first Estonian EWH club was created in Pärnu by three young members of EAMD. The hockey players of this club have already been abroad to compete with players from other countries. At this moment, EWH is one of the few sports games available for people using electric wheelchairs in Estonia, serving as a healthy and entertaining way to spend time, make new friends, and take part in social activities.
In case of suggestions or questions regarding EWH, see our contact information or write to ertsaalihoki @ hotmail.com.
EWH in Pärnu I
EWH in Pärnu II
A game in Finland, Helsinki vs Turu
A game between our Electric Warriors and Helsinki Outsiders