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Magical Lake Michigan
Circumnavigating magical Lake Michigan gives you the opportunity to truly explore the offerings of the only Great Lake entirely in the U.S. Marvel at its natural beauty and friendly Midwestern cities and villages. Start your lake journey in the familiar city of Chicago before journeying around the lake. In Holland, Michigan, you'll find incredible clog dancers, thriving in the town's Dutch cultural heritage. Mackinac Island is an adventure – an automobile-free island! Passing through the strait with hidden shipwrecks is Door County. This region is known for it's wineries, limestone cliffs, and 12 lighthouses. Michigan's neighbor lies ahead with a visit to Milwaukee, WI. With architectural remains and cheese & beer tastings, local culture is glorious.
8 Days & 7 Nights
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August 15, 2019 | August 24, 2019
Grande Mariner
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*Per person/double occupancy. Special single rates apply where listed. Excludes port fees.
Itineraries may operate in reverse.
1Embark in Chicago, IL
Begin your Lake Michigan adventure in the "Windy City." Chicago, IL is home to some of the country's most famed landmarks, including the John Hancock Center, the Wrigley Building, the Field Museum, and the Willis Tower (formerly the Sears Tower), proudly standing as the tallest building in the United States. Embark on your small ship at historic Navy Pier, a vibrant city center built over the gentle waves of Lake Michigan. Explore Pier Park, admire the city's breathtaking skyline, or relax on the ship as you prepare to set sail on your Magical Lake Michigan adventure. Tonight enjoy onboard musical entertainment while docked in Chicago's famed Navy Pier.
2Holland, MI
Leave the bustle of Chicago behind for the quiet charm of Holland, MI. The cobblestone sidewalks, tulip-lined streets, and 275 year-old windmill reveal the city's Dutch heritage. An optional excursion begins at the DeKlomp Wooden Shoe and Blue Delft factory where you will admire the hand-painted craftsmanship and classic blue and white motif of the only authentic delftware made in the U.S. Next, watch as shoemakers carve traditional Dutch wooden shoes, followed by a performance by authentic Klompen clog dancers.
3Beaver Island, MI
Your port-of-call today is majestic Beaver Island, MI a former kingdom and the largest island in Lake Michigan. Beaver Island is dubbed as "America's Emerald Isle" for its celebrated Irish culture. Admire its picturesque beaches and verdant state forest, and then enjoy a serene cruise to tranquil Mackinac Island this afternoon.
4Mackinac Island, MI
Welcome to Mackinac Island, MI, where you can slip into the gentle pace of the Victorian era. The island's natural beauty and authentic ambiance is preserved by its only form of transportation – horse-drawn carriages. An optional carriage tour of the island includes entrance to the Wings of Mackinac Butterfly Conservatory and Surrey Hill Square Carriage Museum. A second optional excursion at the historic Grand Hotel invites you to enjoy a traditional Afternoon Tea, complete with scones, finger sandwiches, and champagne.
5Sturgeon Bay, WI
The scenic splendor of Wisconsin's Door County is yours to enjoy in Sturgeon Bay, one of the largest shipbuilding ports on the Great Lakes. This morning, an optional tour of the area features a local wine tasting, followed by a visit to Cave Point Park, renowned for its spectacular limestone cliffs rising high above the splashing Lake Michigan waves. Continue your tour at the postcard-perfect Canal Station Light House, majestically watching over the waters of Sturgeon Bay since 1899. Enjoy an afternoon sail toward nearby Manitowoc, WI nicknamed "Wisconsin's Maritime Capital," and nestled on the mouth of the Manitowoc River. This evening, relax onboard the ship, indulge in an after-dinner cocktail, and enjoy the gentle breeze of the Great Lakes.
6Milwaukee, WI
During your visit to Milwaukee, WI, experience an optional panoramic tour of some of the city's unexpected treasures, including City Hall, spectacularly-designed in the German Renaissance Revival Style. Built in 1895, this magnificent architectural marvel reigned as the world's tallest habitable building until 1895, and remains a visual icon of Milwaukee to this day. Your tour continues at the lovely Riverwalk, a pedestrian walkway along the Milwaukee River, dotted with art installations, charming cafes, and welcoming brewpubs. After a visit to stunning Cathedral Square, witness an engineering marvel at the Milwaukee Art Museum as the magnificent Brise Soleil, a retractable ceiling, opens gracefully over the lake (subject to availability and weather). Cap off your tour with a cheese and beer tasting at one of Milwaukee's famed breweries. This evening, immerse yourself in the local culture as you tap your toes to the lively beat of folkloric dancers who perform onboard.
7Chicago, IL
Awake to the open water as the ship carries you back toward Chicago, IL. This afternoon treat yourself to an optional Grand Tour of this iconic American city, beginning in the South Side, home to the Chicago White Sox. Discover the beauty of the North Side, where you will admire elegant architecture in the Gold Coast historic district and the Magnificent Mile, a well-known shopping district on sprawling Michigan Avenue. Admire a number of the city's gorgeous public parks, beginning at Lincoln Park which boasts nearly two miles of lush greenery and gorgeous beaches along the lakefront. Stroll through the Lincoln Park Conservatory, an exquisite exhibit of exotic flora, tropical palms, ancient ferns, and flowers blooming in a rainbow of brilliant hues. Visit urban Grant Park and marvel at the opulent Buckingham Fountain, then view Washington Park which houses the DuSable Museum of African American History and its adjacent sculpture garden. Conclude your tour at the Chicago Museum Campus, home to the Field Museum, Shedd Aquarium, Adler Planetarium and Soldier Field. Celebrate this evening with a festive farewell dinner and onboard entertainment.
8Disembark in Chicago, IL
Enjoy a delectable breakfast before disembarking in Chicago.
Map & Gallery
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Category II — $3,299 pp
Category III $4,529 $3,599 pp
Category IV — $3,809 pp
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*Prices may vary due to seasonality
Go Where the Big Ships Cannot
Blount carries on the tradition of ship builder and company founder, Luther Blount, who made it his mission to build boats that could take vacationers to the same destinations he wanted to go to. One of his biggest achievements was the creation of the retractable pilot house. Mr. Blount created it specifically for ships to cruise the Erie Canal. He also created the patented bow ramp that makes it possible for passengers to walk from the ship directly to shore.
Blount ships have a Bring Your Own Bottle policy. The ship provides the mixers and the bartender; you bring your favorite alcohol, and you can enjoy the cocktails of your choice without overpriced bar tabs.


text:
A Büntetés-végrehajtás Továbbképzési és Konferenciaközpontja büntetés-végrehajtási intézmény volt a Pest megyei Pilisszentkereszten. Alaptevékenységeként a büntetés-végrehajtási feladatok ellátását elősegítő továbbképzések, szakmai értekezletek, konferenciák szervezése, valamint a résztvevőknek szállás és étkezés biztosítása volt a feladata.

A büntetés-végrehajtási szervezet 1973–1974 között építette újjá a Csepel Autógyár korábbi üdülőjét (Létesítésének éve: 1975).

2007. június 30-i hatállyal az alapító okiratát módosították és a Büntetés-végrehajtási Szervezet Továbbképzési és Konferenciaközpontja elnevezést kapta, egyidejűleg telephelyként hozzá kapcsolták az önálló költségvetési szervként megszüntetett - a Somogy megyei Igalon működött - Büntetés-végrehajtás Továbbképzési és Rehabilitációs Központját.

Irodalom
 Lőrincz József – Nagy Ferenc: Börtönügy Magyarországon (1997)
 20/1997. (VII. 8.) IM rendelet a büntetés-végrehajtási szervek alapító okiratainak kiadásáról, módosításáról
 23/2007.(V. 24.) IRM rendelet a büntetés-végrehajtási szervek alapító okiratainak kiadásáról, módosításáról szóló 20/1997. (VII. 8.) IM rendelet módosításáról.

Magyarországi büntetés-végrehajtási intézetek
Pest megye

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Dr. K performed anterior hip resurfacing surgery in late November 2007.
The afternoon of the surgery day I was shuffling around the ward with a walker. shortly after Christmas, I was back on the stationary bike. By late January I was back riding my bike 80 miles on the weekend. The recovery time was incredible with just walking and no physiotherapy. One year on, the only time I am reminded of my hip resurfacing in when I set of the security alarm at the airport! Thanks to Dr.K and his staff for giving me my life back.


[I]t's up to the rebels to ensure that this territory, which was regained with coalition help, doesn't fall back into Gaddafi's hands. It won't be easy: Rebel fighters are currently pinned down by government loyalists some 50 miles west of Ras Lanuf. The hospital in Ras Lanuf, which is the closest to the frontline, received five bodies Mondaytwo were fighters killed on the battlefield and the other three were rebel detainees who had been executed with a single shot to the back of the head. As loyalists hold their ground, the conflict could drag on and become even bloodier.


On the Isle of Wight only red squirrels are present and, with the Solent as a barrier, it is imperative that it stays this way.
The red squirrel is the only native squirrel species in the British Isles. They have declined significantly on mainland England, mainly due to the introduction of the American grey squirrel.
On the Isle of Wight only red squirrels are present and, with the Solent as a barrier, it is imperative that it stays this way. Not only do grey squirrels outcompete reds for food and habitat but they also carry the deadly parapox virus, which is fatal to reds.
The Isle of Wight has approximately nine percent of its land surface covered in woodland. A recent Forestry Commission survey indicated that there is little purely coniferous woodland and that most plantations have a broadleaved element to them. This large proportion of broadleaved and mixed woodland seems to be beneficial to the red squirrel in that food is available throughout the year through cones and tree seed. The majority of the broadleaved woodland has developed from neglected hazel coppice, where red squirrels can still find food and shelter.
About half the total woodland cover is ancient woodland (ie. in existence for at least 400 years), though half of this has been modified by felling and replanting with conifers. The rich ancient woodland resource means that the broadleaved element of the woods is diverse in species, which is highly beneficial to red squirrels. The absence of grey squirrels and deer on the Island has reduced the competition for food for the red squirrel and dormouse. The dormouse is also nationally rare, but thrives in similar habitats to the red squirrel as it depends on tree seeds and a diverse woodland understorey in coppiced woodland.
The Isle of Wight's woodland can provide habitat for around 3,500 squirrels. Numbers fluctuate annually depending on the success or failure of the seed crop.
In the year 2000 the Forestry Commission introduced the Jigsaw Challenge on the Isle of Wight. The objective was to provide funding to plant new woodland areas to link up ancient and semi-natural woods. The new woods would eventually increase the habitat for red squirrels by linking existing areas together. A total of 219ha (540acres) was planted over a 3 year period at 22 locations. The new native woodland was planted, typically with oak(20%), ash(15%) ,wild cherry(10%), field maple (10%), scots pine (5%) and shrubs (10%) to scalloped edges using hawthorn, holly,, dogwood and spindle. Hazel (20%) and field maple(10%) forms a future underwood.
The adult red squirrel has a body length of 20-22cm and a tail length of 17-18cm. and weighs up to 300 grams (grey squirrels are much bigger). They have characteristic eartufts and a ginger coat.
They live mainly in the tree canopy.
Squirrels nest in dreys built from twigs, leaves and moss. These can be found high up in the branches of trees close to the trunk. They build more than one drey so that they can move when the fleas become intolerable. They also use holes in trees, particularly as breeding sites. Red squirrels and their dreys are protected under the Wildlife & Countryside Act 1981.
They do not hibernate but bury stores of tree seeds to help them survive winter and early spring. Reds cannot digest tannins in acorns (greys can). They eat shoots, buds, fungi, leaves, flowers, insects and fruit.
Like us, they are left and right handed. They can live up to 6 years. They are good swimmers.
Squirrels start breeding in January when the females come into season. If the food supply is good, they may produce 2 litters of about 3-4 young (kittens) during the spring and summer. Kittens are born without hair or teeth and are blind for the first 3-4 weeks. Only around 1 in 6 kittens sees its first birthday. A large number are killed on the roads.
The car park and adjacent picnic site is the start of the two themed trails, taking the walker along pleasant contrasting routes through the forest. The entrance can be found approximately 1 mile west from Newport on the A3054 towards Yarmouth.
Traditional cliff top gardens with a tea room near the old village Shanklin.
The 'Trail of Discovery' passes through the water meadows of the Eastern Yar and woodland. The circular walk takes 40 minutes. The walk passes a 2 storey bird hide overlooking the marshes and a pond. Red squirrels are normally seen here. The trail starts at a footpath 100m south of the river bridge in Alverstone Village.
The Wight Squirrel Project is an independent charity that provides an annual newsletter, advise and leaflets to the general public free of charge. It relies on donations, fundraising events, sponsorship and grants to cover costs.
Red Squirrel merchandise is also available.
We have a great choice of B&B and Self catering accommodation that are home to Red squirrels, where you can view and watch them play in abundance!


The association was formed during the academic year 2004-2005. We place on record the services of the Ad-Hoc Committee in drawing up the constitution. A vibrant PTA plays an important role in an institution and can contribute greatly to improving facilities and providing opportunities for the pupils. Parents are invited to take an active part and play a healthy and constructive role in the PTA.
Parents must understand that the PTA may have many suggestions which should be addressed in the proper forum and manner. However the decision rests with the Board of Management to accept or implement the suggestions. Proper decorum must be maintained at PTA meetings and respect for all present is imperative through ones verbal expressions and behavior.
The Vidya Vikas Academy Alumni Association was formed in the academic year 2006-2007 with our first successful Class 10 ICSE students. Twelve students appeared for the first ICSE Examination of the Academy and all were successful.
The Association aims primarily at keeping contact with the ex-students in the years ahead. With the formation of the Working Committee, other details will be worked out. All students of the Academy who successfully complete the ICSE Examination may become members.


The government has published a statement opposing Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) this morning, which is sometimes called a Health Passport because it contains information about a particular condition or procedure. This information can be used to advise hospitals and other organisations on how you wish to be communicated with and supported.
The statement, or passport, can be taken abroad to explain the legal status of FGM in the UK. It explains what FGM is, the criminal status of FGM and penalties involved, as well as help and support available.
You can access the Statement here.
Why is male mutilation – circumcision- not a crime as both cause serious trauma to children.?


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Q: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "java.time.LocalDateTime" I'm new in Kotlin, i want to create an android mobile app.I use Android studio 3.3,the Android API level 28. I have used a swagger to get all my RESTful web service, thus, i have the android-client-generated the file that contains all the web service. As a start, I created an android interface for authentication with Email and Password". Among the web service available, "apiMobileUsersGetByFireBaseIDGet". This Ws, use the firebase Id to authenticate.
I create a kotlin class AUthentication as the following :
class Authentication : AppCompatActivity() {

    override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_authentication)
        var email = editTextEmail.text
        var password = editTextPassword.text

        FirebaseApp.initializeApp(this@Authentication)
        val auth = FirebaseAuth.getInstance()

        buttonlogin.setOnClickListener {
            auth.signInWithEmailAndPassword(email.toString(), password.toString())
                .addOnCompleteListener(this) { task ->
                    if (task.isSuccessful) {
                        println("success")
                        if (verifyAvailableNetwork(this@Authentication)) {
                            CoroutineScope(Dispatchers.IO).launch {
                                val user = MobileApi().apiMobileUsersGetByFireBaseIDGet(auth.currentUser!!.uid)
                                if (user == UsersData()) {
                                    withContext(Dispatchers.Main) {
                                        var intent = Intent(this@Authentication, MainActivity::class.java)
                                        intent.putExtra("id", auth.currentUser?.email)
                                        startActivity(intent)
                                    }
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    } else {
                        println("Error: ${task.exception?.message}")
                    }
                }

        }

    }

    fun verifyAvailableNetwork(activity: AppCompatActivity): Boolean {
        val connectivityManager = activity.getSystemService(Context.CONNECTIVITY_SERVICE) as ConnectivityManager
        val networkInfo = connectivityManager.activeNetworkInfo
        return networkInfo != null && networkInfo.isConnected
    }

}

i added alse the internet permission in the AndroidManifest.xml. My problem is when i run my app in my mobile phone, an error
java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "java.time.LocalDateTime"  appear.Could you please tell me how can make my app functional and where's the problem, I'm really stuck.  The error description as the following :
E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: DefaultDispatcher-worker-1
    Process: com.app.homecraft, PID: 5345
    java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: Didn't find class "java.time.LocalDateTime" on path: DexPathList[[zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/base.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_dependencies_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_0_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_1_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_2_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_3_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_4_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_5_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_6_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_7_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_8_apk.apk", zip file "/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/split_lib_slice_9_apk.apk"],nativeLibraryDirectories=[/data/app/com.app.homecraft-1/lib/arm64, /vendor/lib64, /system/lib64]]
        at dalvik.system.BaseDexClassLoader.findClass(BaseDexClassLoader.java:56)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:511)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:469)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.KDeclarationContainerImpl.parseType(KDeclarationContainerImpl.kt:283)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.KDeclarationContainerImpl.loadParameterTypes(KDeclarationContainerImpl.kt:274)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.KDeclarationContainerImpl.findConstructorBySignature(KDeclarationContainerImpl.kt:242)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.KFunctionImpl$caller$2.invoke(KFunctionImpl.kt:65)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.KFunctionImpl$caller$2.invoke(KFunctionImpl.kt:34)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.ReflectProperties$LazySoftVal.invoke(ReflectProperties.java:92)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.ReflectProperties$Val.getValue(ReflectProperties.java:31)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.internal.KFunctionImpl.getCaller(KFunctionImpl.kt)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.ReflectJvmMapping.getJavaMethod(ReflectJvmMapping.kt:62)
        at kotlin.reflect.jvm.KCallablesJvm.setAccessible(KCallablesJvm.kt:82)
        at com.squareup.moshi.kotlin.reflect.KotlinJsonAdapterFactory.create(KotlinJsonAdapter.kt:206)
        at com.squareup.moshi.KotlinJsonAdapterFactory.create(KotlinJsonAdapter.kt)
        at com.squareup.moshi.Moshi.adapter(Moshi.java:137)
        at com.squareup.moshi.Moshi.adapter(Moshi.java:97)
        at com.squareup.moshi.Moshi.adapter(Moshi.java:71)
        at io.swagger.client.apis.MobileApi.apiMobileUsersGetByFireBaseIDGet(MobileApi.kt:4126)
        at com.app.homecraft.Authentication$onCreate$1$1$1.invokeSuspend(Authentication.kt:43)
        at kotlin.coroutines.jvm.internal.BaseContinuationImpl.resumeWith(ContinuationImpl.kt:33)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.DispatchedTask.run(Dispatched.kt:233)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.scheduling.CoroutineScheduler.runSafely(CoroutineScheduler.kt:594)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.scheduling.CoroutineScheduler.access$runSafely(CoroutineScheduler.kt:60)
        at kotlinx.coroutines.scheduling.CoroutineScheduler$Worker.run(CoroutineScheduler.kt:742)
        Suppressed: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: java.time.LocalDateTime
        at java.lang.Class.classForName(Native Method)
        at java.lang.BootClassLoader.findClass(ClassLoader.java:781)
        at java.lang.BootClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:841)
        at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:504)
                ... 23 more
     Caused by: java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: Class not found using the boot class loader; no stack trace available

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Q: Location of IWebProxy implementation for .NET Core What is the available implementation of the System.Net.IWebProxy (from System.Net.Primitives, DNX Core)? By application requirement, the only framework can be used in dnxcore50, so what is the right NuGet package that contains proxy implementations?
What is the correct way to resolve such questions? Related functionality seems to be split among dozen of packages.

A: Despite the name, IWebProxy implementation does not actually need to implement any proxying, it just provides information about the proxy. So, you can create your own implementation:
public class MyProxy : IWebProxy
{
    public Uri GetProxy(Uri destination)
    {
        return new Uri("http://localhost:8888");
    }

    public bool IsBypassed(Uri host)
    {
        return false;
    }

    public ICredentials Credentials { get; set; }
}

A: There is a WebProxy class in the System.Net namespace (source here) that you can use.

A: Make sure your project.json file has these two lines under "dependencies"
"frameworks": {
    "dotnet5.4": {
      "dependencies": {
        "Microsoft.Net.Http": "2.2.29",
        "System.Net.Primitives": "4.0.11-beta-23516"
      }
    }
}


Smiles, relief, congratulations and applause do not begin when a child is born - they start when it cries. Without crying, the room becomes increasingly silent and the mood increasingly apprehensive; and for good reason - crying is a very positive sign of a new, healthy life; its absence is anything but that. Many factors and complex interactions go into the production of the sound that announces joyful, healthy childbirth.
Before birth, oxygenated blood from the placenta flows into the child's inferior vena cava and mixes with blood returning from the lower part of the body. The atria are, in effect, one chamber due to the open foramen ovale; however, laminar blood flow tends to supply the left atrium and ventricle (and hence the upper body) with more placental (oxygenated) blood than the right atrium receives. The ventricles also act as one and pump blood around the body. Blood from the right ventricle bypasses the lungs, flowing through the ductus arteriosus and joining blood from the left ventricle in the descending aorta. A large portion of this blood flow goes to the placenta through the umbilical arteries.
Although the pulmonary vessels are fully developed in the fetus, only a tiny amount of blood (about 5% of cardiac output) flows through them due to intense vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arterioles. The nutritive blood supply to the lungs is from the bronchial arteries that arise from the aorta. The collapsed alveoli (air sacs) are filled with amniotic fluid.
Oxygenated blood is red, de-oxygenated blood is blue, and at the moment of birth, a normal newborn is circulating a mixture of blue and red blood. The color (lips and tongue) of a healthy newborn at birth is a pinkish purple; the child has been this color for nine months and normal placental function (cord pulsating) will maintain this color until the lungs function.
When the lungs are functioning, the umbilical vessels close, the ductus venosis closes, the hepatic portal vein is open, the foramen ovale closes, the heart is two sided, the cardiac output from the right ventricle (blue blood) goes through the lungs and is oxygenated, the left ventricular output (red blood) goes through the body, the ductus arteriosus closes, the pulmonary arterioles are open, the alveoli are full of air and the child turns from purple to pink. All of this complicated process is coordinated and controlled by the child's reflexes; it usually happens within three or four minutes of birth. What makes it happen?
The cold crying reflex - cold, wet diapers produce the same result, crying.
The cold pressor reflex - cold skin raises blood pressure.
In order to cry, the child must first take a deep breath, and an inspiratory "gasp" is often the first sign, triggered by cold, that a child is going to cry or breathe. Contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles increase thoracic volume and create negative intra-thoracic pressure. Once air is in the lungs, another reflex is triggered that relaxes the pulmonary arterioles; this causes an enormous increase in pulmonary blood flow.
The cold pressor reflex increases the blood pressure in the aorta, and this may be sufficient to reverse blood flow through the ductus arteriosus causing more blood to flow through the lungs.
The cord is also cooling, and the cord is a well-designed self-refrigerator. It has no skin and blubber to keep it warm like the child. It contains only the cord vessels surrounded by a watery gel, Wharton's jelly, covered by a single layer of cells, the amnion. Water evaporation cools it rapidly, causing the vessels, especially the muscular arteries, to constrict; this further helps to raise systemic blood pressure and to reverse ductus arteriosus flow.
At the same time, a large transfusion of placental blood is being forced into the child by gravity and/or by uterine contraction, greatly increasing cardiac output and pulmonary blood flow. The net result of these changes is a large amount of blood flowing into the left atrium from the lungs, which raises left atrial pressure and closes the foramen ovale - the heart changes from one-sided to two-sided. The lungs are now oxygenating blood that is pumped round the body by the left ventricle - the child turns pink.
If the child has not taken the first breath, or is depressed and cannot breathe, the massive increase in pulmonary blood flow generated by the placental transfusion may, of itself, initiate ventilation. Jaykka [1,2] showed that the fetal lungs are erectile tissues; by injecting serum through the pulmonary artery of excised animal fetal lungs, the engorged capillaries around the alveoli erected them and caused air to enter through the trachea. With establishment of pulmonary blood flow, the high colloid osmotic pressure of blood causes absorption of amniotic fluid from the alveoli and "dries out" the lungs, filling the "erected" alveoli with air.
Cold will eventually cause the cord vessels to close; however, a high arterial blood oxygen concentration is probably a key factor in umbilical artery closure - they close before the umbilical vein closes; it may also cause ductus arteriosus closure. After umbilical artery closure, the placental transfusion may continue through the cord vein in a very measured and controlled manner.
Figure 1 is a recording of a placental transfusion  obtained by placing the newborn at the level of the placenta, wrapped in a warm blanket, on a recording scales. It was obviously not a typical birth - the cord pulsated for 19 minutes, the placental transfusion (cord closure) was completed after 20 minutes, and the child started crying about ten minutes after birth! This picture is worth many more than a thousand words.
During the first nine minutes, the vertical lines (indicating newborn movement) on the recording are scant. The child, apart from kicking the bed once (there was obviously no distress), was lying very still and comfortable. There is no record of it breathing during this time, and the thin-line tracing contrasts with the thick "activity" tracing after crying started. Weight variation, influenced by uterine contractions, indicates that a virtual tidal wave of placental blood flow was adequately oxygenating the child in the absence of any obvious lung function. The warm blankets suppressed the cold crying reflex for at least nine minutes.
Marked vertical "activity" lines occur at the height of uterine contraction / transfusion peaks, and crying starts after one of these. Figure 2 illustrates that the placental transfusion may be delivered under very high pressure, and the activity lines (presumed discomfort) coincide with high-pressure distension of the newborn liver. Pain causes crying; the placental transfusion, by painfully distending the liver, may be a safe backup for the cold crying reflex.
Figure 1. From Gunther M. The Transfer of Blood Between the Baby and the Placenta. Lancet 1957;I:1277-1280.
After crying starts, there is one contraction that injects nearly 100mls of blood into the child in less than one minute; the arteries pump it back into the placenta over the next three minutes. At the peak of this transfusion, not only is the liver, but also the vena cava, the heart, the aorta and the pulmonary vessels are subjected to distension at arterial-like pressure. If Jaykka's type of alveolar erection and aeration ever occurred in this child, it occurred during this uterine contraction. Thereafter, placental transfusion was under strict reflexive control, proceeding in a stepwise manner.
If the patient had been in the natural squatting position for this delivery, the child, instead of being placed at the level of the placenta, would have been delivered downwards and would have been immediately subjected to a placental transfusion pressure 30+ cms. of water at birth due to gravity. Crying, (due to cold and liver pain) placental transfusion and cord closure would probably all have been completed within a minute or two.
The physiological mechanism that produces the "step" pattern is a sphincter-like closure of the umbilical vein that is reflexively controlled to work as a pressure valve. The right atrium has pressor receptors that are triggered by low central venous pressure; they control the release of anti-diuretic hormone. A pressor receptor in the left atrium that is triggered by adequate pressure to close the foramen ovale would be the ideal receptor to effect closure of the umbilical vessels. Some cord pulsation was recorded at this time, but blood flow in the arteries was insignificant as there was no weight loss.
The first "step" indicates closure of the umbilical vein, followed by some relaxation of the closure while the blood volume increase is distributed throughout the child, but not enough relaxation to allow central venous pressure to cause blood loss into the placenta. The second uterine contraction "step" forces some blood volume past the relaxed "pressure valve," triggering the final vein closure after the child has attained a maximal/optimal blood volume needed for healthy survival.
Dr. Gunther  recorded many similar "stepwise" placental transfusions; most were completed within three or four minutes. With an actively crying child and maximum gravity drainage (the child held well below the level of the placenta) the placental transfusion may be completed within 30 seconds.
This reflexive closure of the umbilical vessels (arteries and vein) occurs in the portions of the vessels INSIDE the child's abdomen. The blind remnants of these vessels become the two umbilical ligaments and the ligamentum teres of the liver in the adult. When natural cord closure is complete, the cord may be cut within a few inches of the umbilicus without clamping (this occurs routinely in every mammal except humans); no blood loss occurs from the child, but warm blood usually drains readily from the placental portion of the umbilical vein, indicating that additional placental transfusion was available if it had been needed. By this time, the umbilical arteries are constricted and empty.
The massive increase in blood volume from placental transfusion is soon decreased by hemo-concentration as fluid is transferred into the tissues; the hematocrit value rises, as does the albumin concentration. This increases plasma colloid osmotic pressure and keeps the lungs dry. Crying also keeps lungs dry by increasing alveolar air pressure. The normal weight loss that occurs after birth is mainly due to fluid being excreted through the kidneys; wet diapers soon after birth indicate that the child received a healthy placental transfusion.
As mentioned previously, cold, wet diapers trigger the cold, crying reflex. Mothers are not devoid of reflexes, and crying triggers the "baby pick-up" reflex. Crying babies don't stay cold very long. Babies also cry because they are hungry, and mothers respond accordingly. The natural result of a crying child at birth should be its mother holding it while it is still attached to the placenta. In this situation, another maternal reflex is often demonstrated.
It is common practice nowadays for the cord to be doubly clamped while the child is on the mother's abdomen and the scissors are handed to the parents to complete the job. Most mothers refuse, leaving it to the husband; some mothers recoil in horror, and if the cord is left intact, most mothers will not touch it. If they do, and especially if it is pulsating, the cord is treated as gently and tenderly as is a tiny finger or an ear of the child. New mothers are strongly inhibited from damaging the cord.
There are other stimuli that make a child breathe, and the most potent is asphyxia. The build up of carbon dioxide during asphyxia forces inspiratory efforts before oxygen lack becomes dangerous - try holding your breath for two minutes. Asphyxia is not a physiological state, it is pathological and pathogenic; it does not occur in normal childbirth. Clamping a cord before the child is breathing will cause asphyxia and may force the child to breathe. Without placental transfusion, the child may breathe with lungs that have little blood flowing through them; such breathing will not reverse the asphyxia.
All of the complex mechanisms in the changeover from placental oxygenation to pulmonary oxygenation have been programmed over millions of years into the human genome by natural selection to promote optimal survival and to prevent and to relieve birth asphyxia. The primate brain is very large and very susceptible to permanent hypoxic damage; to ensure optimal survival of the individual, and of the primate order, natural closure of the umbilical cord must routinely provide perfect continuous oxygenation of the brain and routinely leave the newborn in optimal condition for survival. Disruption of the process with a cord clamp routinely harms the child.
Use of Darwinian concepts and principles is not intended to cause dispute with Creationist convictions. Evolution provides a rational explanation of how variations in anatomy and physiology support life,  and why a fetus thrives in water without lungs, and with a fish-like heart, then changes within minutes into a crying, air-breathing mammal. A large, fragile brain distinguishes human (and primate) life, and a near perfect, innate mechanism to protect the brain during childbirth is essential for the continued existence of human life.
"Evolution is much more intelligent than you are."
A new mother's reflexes that inhibit her from damaging the newborn's cord are much more sensible than a doctor wielding a cord clamp.
Something very intelligent designed the switch from placental to pulmonary respiration that makes a newborn baby cry, a creative work that is quite exquisite and marvelous regardless of one's convictions about the nature of its Creator. That intelligence should be held in humble respect by evolutionists and creationists alike. It contrasts sharply with the ignorance and crass arrogance of those who would put a clamp on a pulsating umbilical cord.
Jaykka S. Capillary Erection and Lung Expansion. Acta Paediatr. 1965 [nppl] 109.
Jaykka S. An experimental study of the effect of liquid pressure applied to the capillary network of excised fetal lungs, Acta Paediatr. 1957; Supp 112:2-91.
Gunther M. The transfer of blood between the baby and the placenta in the minutes after birth. Lancet 1957;I:1277-1280.
Charles Darwin M.A. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection. London: John Murray, Albermarle Street, 1859.
Windle W. Brain Damage by Asphyxia at Birth. Scientific American. 1969 Oct;221(4):76-84.
Most of this article may be referenced in textbooks; many of the other details may be verified by carefully watching a physiological delivery performed by the mother. I have had several similar papers refused publication by the peer review press because of lack of data - the only specific data I have to offer is 40 years of obstetrical experience watching many newborns close their own cords, and watching other babies be snatched away to a resuscitation table past the outstretched arms and agonized face of a mother.
This study has few references on third-stage physiology because Gunther's paper  is the only valid scientific human study that I know of that has ever been published. In all other papers, and there are thousands of them, physiology has been disrupted with a cord clamp. None of these "cord clamp" papers has a physiological control set of newborns whose cords were not clamped and they are, therefore, scientifically invalid. "Late" clamping at five minutes may be claimed to be "physiological," but on viewing Gunther's included tracing, clamping at 5 minutes would have destroyed placental transfusion in that particular case; cord physiology does not obey the clock, it is controlled by other parameters.
The highly advanced scientific obstetrical community and its peer reviewers have no available data on babies that close their cords physiologically; most members regard the cord clamp as a normal newborn appendage and think that placental transfusion is harmful. However, the same type of data that was used by Charles Darwin  in his publication is available - billions of successful, healthy births that occurred before the cord tie was ever thought of. Physiology is not harmful.
Obstetrical academia has massive amounts of data in the thousands of research papers on RDS, CP, neurological impairment, hyperviscosity, polycythemia and many other human newborn afflictions, real and imagined; all the thousands (millions?) of these afflicted newborns have one piece of data in common - all had their cords clamped. The profession, with all its data, has yet to prove, or supply a scrap of evidence, that the cord clamp does anything other than injure the newborn.


This guide provides a comprehensive product comparison of the Visual Studio 2008 IDE products.
This guide provides a comprehensive product comparison of the Visual Studio 2008 IDE products. It does not provide data about Visual Studio Team System 2008 Team Foundation Server, Visual Studio Team System 2008 Team Explorer, or Visual Studio Team System 2008 Test Load Agent. This guide is provided for illustrative purposes only.
To view the Word document, you'll need a copy of Microsoft Office Word 2007, or Microsoft Word 97 or later with the free Microsoft Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 File Formats.
To view the PDF file, you'll need a PDF reader, such as the free Adobe Acrobat Reader.
To view the XPS file, you'll need Windows Vista, or the Microsoft XML Paper Specification Essentials Pack.
Download this guide in your choice of the following formats: Microsoft Word document (DOCX), PDF file or XPS file.


The study, supported by ConvaTec, was a non-comparative controlled study to assess the safety and performance of AQUACEL™ Ag+ dressing in the management of chronic venous leg ulcers. In this clinical trial, expert Clinical Investigators recruited 42 subjects with challenging or infected leg ulcers from six study centers in the UK and Poland.
Each leg ulcer covered an area of between 5 and 40 cm2, and met at least three of five pre‑defined clinical signs of infection. In addition, ulcers were categorized at baseline as either clinically infected or not clinically infected. Allocation to these two groups was based on the judgment of individual clinicians following consideration of the wound history and presentation at the time of enrolment, and the severity associated with each of the clinical signs of infection.
The Clinical Investigation Plan and supporting documents were reviewed and approved by the appropriate country-specific ethics and appropriate notified bodies. This research was carried out in accordance with ISO14155:2011.
Bjarnsholt T, 2013. The role of bacterial biofilms in chronic infections. APMIS; 121: 1-51.
James G, Swogger E, Wolcott R, Pulcini E, Secor P, et al. 2008. Biofilms in chronic wounds. Wound Repair and Regeneration; 16:37-44.
Wolcott R, Rumbaugh K, James G, Schultz G, Phillips P, Yang O, et al 2010. Biofilm maturity studies indicate sharp debridement opens a time-dependent therapeutic window. J Wound Care; 19: 320-328.
Wolcott R, Kennedy J, Dowd S, 2009. Regular debridement is the main tool for maintaining a healthy wound bed in most chronic wounds. J Wound Care; 18:54-56.
Percival SL, Bowler PG, 2004. Biofilms and their potential role in wound healing. WOUNDS, 16: 234-240.
Harding K, Posnett J, Vowden K, 2012. A new methodology for costing wound care. Int Wound J.; 10: 623–9.
Newman G, Walker M, Hobot J, Bowler P, 2006. Visualisation of bacterial sequestration and bacterial activity within hydrating Hydrofiber™ wound dressings. Biomaterials; 27: 1129-1139.
Walker M, Hobot J, Newman G, Bowler P, 2003. Scanning electron microscopic examination of bacterial immobilization in a carboxymethyl cellulose (AQUACEL™) and alginate dressing. Biomaterials; 24: 883-890.
Bowler P, Jones S, Davies B, Coyle E, 1999. Infection control properties of some wound dressings. J. Wound Care; 8: 499-502.
Walker M, Bowler P, Cochrane C, 2007. In vitro studies to show sequestration of matrix metalloproteinases by silver-containing wound care products. Ostomy/Wound Management; 53: 18-25.
Assessment of the in vitro Physical Properties of AQUACEL EXTRA, AQUACEL Ag EXTRA and AQUACEL Ag+ EXTRA dressings. Scientific background report. WHRIA3817 TA297, 2013, Data on file, ConvaTec Inc.
Said J, Walker M, Parsons D, Stapleton, P., Beezer, A., Gaisford, S. An in vitro test of the efficacy of an anti-biofilm wound dressing. International Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2014; 474, 177-181.
Bowler P, Welsby S, Towers V, Booth V, Hogarth A, Rowlands V, Joseph A, et al, 2012. Multidrug-resistant organisms, wounds and topical antimicrobial properties. Int Wound J. 9: 387-396.


This Nike AV15 Zip Hoodie is crafted with full zip fastening and long sleeves. It has a ribbed trim and a drawstring adjustable hood. This hoodie features 2 zipped pockets and is a lightweight construction. It is a block colour design with a printed logo and is complete with Nike Swoosh branding.


text:
Cafe Dissensus Everyday
The Blog of Cafe Dissensus Magazine – we DISSENT
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Cafe Dissensus Review of Books (CDRB)
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The Burning Lamp of the Synagogue in Cochin
Photo: Sadiq Zafar
By Sadiq Zafar
South Asia's beautiful landscapes reveal the imprints of its diverse heritage and culture. While traveling through the Great Escarpment, one could see minimal presence of human interventions on the Western Ghats. Every turn uncovers layers after layers of natural beauty which has its own historicity. Exploring the south western tip of the Indian peninsula, one reaches the most urbanized state of India, Kerala, popularly known as God's own country.
Kerala is a province that sits in the lap of nature. It's known for the earnestness of its people, the scent of spices, and homemade chocolates. One important urban agglomeration in Kerala is Cochin, one of the largest port cities in India, having shipyards, container terminals, and witness to numerous sea activities.
The biennale event in the Jewish town
Historically Cochin has witnessed many foreign invasions including Portuguese, Dutch, and British. And to experience this cultural confluence, tourists from across the globe flock to the city in large numbers. Meandering lanes bifurcate the waterfront leading to Mattancherry, a residential area on the fringes of Cochin. As a historic human habitat, Mattancherry is home to Jewish settlements, a synagogue, and a Jewish graveyard. Jews live here in consonance with people from other religions. Since this place was once the center of Cochin Jewish community, the tourists, especially Jews, flock to the area to experience the past traditions of a dwindling community.
View of the street leading to the Synagogue
The formation of the state of Israel in 1948 and recognition of the state by the United States on the same day became a source of encouragement for the Jews from around the world to migrate to the newly formed state. India too witnessed the exodus of Jews from its soil and the number of Jews dropped at such an alarming rate that the population in this Jewish settlement can now be termed almost extinct. While many moved to Israel, some married outside the community here. Thus, on the basis of ethnicity and complexion, it is easy to identify the Malabari-Jews and the White-Jews.
The historic 'Pardesi' Synagogue
Lanes lined by curio and boutique shops lead to the famous Jewish settlement of Cochin. At one end of the settlement, one could see the synagogue, which is popularly known as the Paradesi Synagogue. As one enters the synagogue, a lady with curly hair greets every visitor with a smile. She is a White-Jew, and one of the few remaining Jews in Mattancherry. She sells entry tickets to the synagogue, while entreating the visitors to respect the sacred place.
The style of architecture of the synagogue and the use of materials are very vernacular, resulting in a climate responsive architectural end-product. The very first thing we notice is the presence of a red cloth at the backdrop of the front wall, a central lamp surrounded by circular seating, and a raised platform meant as a separate seating arrangement for women. Huge window panes on the side walls make way for cool breezes to soothe the visitors and comfort them from the hot and humid climatic conditions. Many architectural students come here to study the settlement pattern, the synagogue, and the whole ambience of the Jewish community.
The arrival of Jews in India in the pre-colonial era, their stay during the colonial rule, and then their migration to a new state make for a fascinating story. However, their migration is a humiliating event for a democratic nation like India as it somehow failed to weave their rights within the constitutional framework. Plurality and diversity are the strengths of any progressive state. Being a democratic state, India has a responsibility to make this minor religious community feel at home and help preserve their diminishing population. .
Let's keep the lamp of the synagogue burning.
Sadiq Zafar is an urban planning graduate from the School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi. He specializes in architectural and planning research. Having authored a book on sustainable development, worked with a reputed national research institute, he has served as an assistant professor in a central university. A social worker and writer, Sadiq sees education as a medium to liberate young minds in order to achieve harmony in society.
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Cafe Dissensus Everyday is the blog of Cafe Dissensus magazine, based in New York City, USA. All materials on the site are protected under Creative Commons License.
Read the latest issue of Cafe Dissensus Magazine on 'The Idea of the University', edited by Dr. Nandini Ghosh, IDSK and Dr. Shilpaa Anand, MANUU.
Tagged: Cochin, Cochin Jewish Community, Kerala, Mattancherry, Synagogue Paradesi, Travel
Identity, Alienation, and Sexuality in Hanif Kureishi's 'My Beautiful Laundrette'
Two Memories

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Canada's top court hears landmark legal battle over toxic site
Intervenors argue court should uphold polluter pays principle
OTTAWA – On behalf of a coalition of environmental groups, Sierra Legal Defence Fund lawyers will be in the Supreme Court of Canada today intervening in a landmark case that could impact how the estimated 30,000 contaminated sites across the country are dealt with. The groups are intervening in a precedent setting case concerning the clean up of one of BC's most severely contaminated sites, near Vancouver. The groups argue that the Court should uphold the international 'polluter-pays principle' and ensure that polluters are held accountable for their share of the clean-up costs.
"We hope that the Supreme Court of Canada makes endorses the international polluter-pays principle and that a polluters are not allowed to escape liability for cleaning up the pollution they have created," said Sierra Legal lawyer Margot Venton.
The case concerns a contaminated site at the mouth of the Fraser River. Although the province ordered several parties to participate in the clean up of the site in 1998, BC Hydro has tried to escape liability even though its predecessor, the BC Electric Corporation, transported toxic coal tar to the site for 37 years.
On behalf of Friends of the Earth Canada (FOE), Georgia Strait Alliance, T. Buck Suzuki Environmental Foundation and West Coast Environmental Law (WCEL), Sierra Legal lawyers presented their oral arguments to the Court today.
The groups hope to build upon the recent string of environmentally progressive Supreme Court decisions endorsing key concepts such as the "polluter pays" and "intergenerational equity" principles, including the precedent-setting 'Imperial Oil' decision in December 2003 concerning a contaminated site in Levis, Quebec.
"BC Hydro simply cannot be allowed to evade its obvious responsibility for the cost of cleaning up its past pollution," said FOE Chief Executive Officer Beatrice Olivastri . "The strong polluter pays precedent set by the landmark Imperial Oil decision should be applied to BC Hydro."
The case began in 1998 when the province issued a remediation order to several owners and operators of the site under BC's Waste Management Act. Under the Act, the province is authorized to issue clean up orders to "persons responsible" for contaminating land, including businesses that brought toxic substances to the property. However, the order failed to include BC Hydro, even though its predecessor delivered coal tar to the site between 1920 and 1957, likely contributing to the coal tar contamination of the site.
"BC Hydro is arguing that a 1965 amalgamation agreement removed its environmental responsibility to the public and future generations," said Andrew Gage, Staff Counsel with WCEL. "If polluters violate the public's right to a clean environment, the courts should hold them responsible. We hope that the Supreme Court takes this opportunity to strengthen the development of the polluter pays and intergenerational equity principles in Canadian law."
The case will be heard today at 9:30am at the Supreme Court of Canada, 301 Wellington Street, Ottawa.


Poster for the 9th Soirée graphique – Norden.
Norden is the theme of the 9th edition of Soirée Graphique.
Conversion of the character Ø with spatula and printing ink. Ø is typical of certain nordic alphabets.


text:
Flemming Konradsen
Professor, Head of Section
Øster Farimagsgade 5, bg. 9, indg. P, Postboks 2099, 1014 København K, CSS, bg. 9, Building: 9.1.10
flko@sund.ku.dk
http://www.ifsv.ku.dk
http://www.globalhealth.ku.dk
Mobile: +45 60 10 16 61
Flemming Konradsen, professor of international environmental health at the University of Copenhagen, has more than twenty years of research and programming experience in the field of environmental health and global health. He is also the director of the Copenhagen School of Global Health. Professor Konradsen focuses his research on human health related to water supply, sanitation and hygiene; acute pesticide poisoning; and control of vector borne diseases in Asia, Africa and Europe. Research methods include epidemiology, qualitative studies, costing studies, health promotion and health system analysis. He has extensive experience from multidisciplinary field-based research.
Professor Konradsen is responsible for a number of programs aimed at building research capacity at university level in Asia and Africa and has significant involvement with educational programs in East Africa, South Asia and the Nordic region. Flemming Konradsen has worked for international research organisations, universities, development NGOs and national research organizations.
Policies and strategies aimed at reducing acute pesticide poisoning in South Asia;Prevention of self-harm and suicide; Perceptions of hygiene and hygiene practices; Waste water irrigation and human health impact; dengue fever control strategies; Urban malaria control.
Environmental health; International health; Global health; Malaria and Dengue fever transmission and control; water supply and sanitation; Hygiene promotion; Waste water irrigation; Pesticide poisoning.
Primary fields of research
Environmental health biology; water supply and sanitation; hygiene promotion; acute pesticide poisoning; control of vector borne diseases; agriculture and human health; health and water resources management; malaria.
Perspectives on child diarrhoea management and health service use among ethnic minority caregivers in Vietnam
Teaching handwashing with soap for schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic population in northern rural Vietnam
Sanitation behavior among schoolchildren in a multi-ethnic area of Northern rural Vietnam


text:
using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Trybot.Retry;
using Trybot.Retry.Exceptions;

namespace Trybot.Tests.RetryTests
{
    [TestClass]
    public class RetryTestsAsync
    {
        private IBotPolicy<T> CreatePolicyWithRetry<T>(RetryConfiguration<T> retryConfig) =>
            new BotPolicy<T>(config => config
                .Configure(botconfig => botconfig
                    .Retry(retryConfig)));

        private RetryConfiguration<T> CreateConfiguration<T>(int count) =>
            new RetryConfiguration<T>()
                .WithMaxAttemptCount(count)
                .WhenExceptionOccurs(ex => true);

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Ok()
        {
            var onSucceeded = false;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(2)
                .OnRetrySucceededAsync((r, ctx, t) => { onSucceeded = true; return Task.FromResult(0); }));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = await policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) => { counter++; return 5; }, CancellationToken.None);

            Assert.AreEqual(5, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(1, counter);
            Assert.IsFalse(onSucceeded);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Task_Ok()
        {
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(2));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = await policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) => { counter++; return Task.FromResult(5); }, CancellationToken.None);

            Assert.AreEqual(5, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(1, counter);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Task_Fail()
        {
            var onRetry = 0;
            var onRetryAsync = 0;
            var onRetryResult = 0;
            var onRetryResultAsync = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5)
                .OnRetryAsync((ex, att, t) => { onRetryAsync = att.CurrentAttempt; return Task.FromResult(0); })
                .OnRetryAsync((r, ex, att, t) => { onRetryResultAsync = att.CurrentAttempt; return Task.FromResult(0); })
                .OnRetry((ex, att) => onRetry = att.CurrentAttempt)
                .OnRetry((r, ex, att) => onRetryResult = att.CurrentAttempt));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;
            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                object a = null;
                a.GetHashCode();
                return Task.FromResult(5);
            }, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(5, counter);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetry);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryAsync);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryResult);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryResultAsync);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Action_Fail_Then_Success()
        {
            var onSucceeded = false;
            var onRetryAsync = false;
            var onSucceededAsync = false;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(2)
                .OnRetryAsync((r, ex, ctx, t) => { onRetryAsync = true; return Task.FromResult(0); })
                .OnRetrySucceeded(ctx => onSucceeded = true)
                .OnRetrySucceededAsync((r, ctx, t) => { onSucceededAsync = true; return Task.FromResult(0); }));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = await policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) =>
            {
                if (counter < 1)
                {
                    counter++;
                    throw new Exception();
                }

                return Task.FromResult(5);
            }, CancellationToken.None);

            Assert.IsTrue(onSucceeded);
            Assert.IsTrue(onRetryAsync);
            Assert.IsTrue(onSucceededAsync);
            Assert.AreEqual(5, result);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Task_With_Counter_Fail()
        {
            var onRetry = 0;
            var onRetryAsync = 0;
            var onRetryResult = 0;
            var onRetryResultAsync = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5)
                .OnRetryAsync((ex, att, t) => { onRetryAsync++; return Task.FromResult(0); })
                .OnRetryAsync((r, ex, att, t) => { onRetryResultAsync++; return Task.FromResult(0); })
                .OnRetry((ex, att) =>
                {
                    onRetry++;
                })
                .OnRetry((r, ex, att) => onRetryResult++));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;
            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                object a = null;
                a.GetHashCode();
                return Task.FromResult(5);
            }, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(5, counter);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetry);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryAsync);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryResult);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryResultAsync);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Task_Result_Fail()
        {
            var onRetryResult = 0;
            var onRetryResultAsync = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(2)
                .OnRetryAsync((r, ex, att, t) => { onRetryResultAsync = r; return Task.FromResult(0); })
                .OnRetry((r, ex, att) => onRetryResult = r)
                .WhenResultIs(r => r != 6));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;
            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                return Task.FromResult(5);
            }, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(2, counter);
            Assert.AreEqual(5, onRetryResult);
            Assert.AreEqual(5, onRetryResultAsync);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail()
        {
            var limitReached = false;
            var limitReachedAsync = false;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(2)
                .OnRetryLimitReached((ex, ctx) => limitReached = true)
                .OnRetryLimitReachedAsync((ex, ctx, token) => { limitReachedAsync = true; return Task.FromResult(0); }));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                throw new Exception();
            };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy.ExecuteAsync(operation, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(2, counter);
            Assert.IsTrue(limitReached);
            Assert.IsTrue(limitReachedAsync);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_Cancel()
        {
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(30));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;
            var source = new CancellationTokenSource();
            source.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                Task.Delay(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500), t).Wait(t);
                throw new Exception();
            };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<OperationCanceledException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, source.Token));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.IsTrue(counter < 30 && counter > 0);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_Wait()
        {
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5)
                .WaitBetweenAttempts((attempt, ex) => TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200)));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;
            var source = new CancellationTokenSource();
            source.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500));

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                throw new Exception();
            };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<OperationCanceledException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, source.Token));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.IsTrue(counter >= 2 && counter < 5);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_Wait_WithResult_OnRetry()
        {
            var delayResult = 0;
            var nextDelay = TimeSpan.Zero;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5).WaitBetweenAttempts((attempt, ex, r) =>
            {
                delayResult = r;
                return TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200);
            })
            .WhenResultIs(r => r != 5)
            .OnRetry((ex, ctx) => nextDelay = ctx.CurrentDelay));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;
            var source = new CancellationTokenSource();
            source.CancelAfter(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(500));

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                return 6;
            };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<OperationCanceledException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, source.Token));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(6, delayResult);
            Assert.AreEqual(TimeSpan.FromMilliseconds(200), nextDelay);
            Assert.IsTrue(counter >= 2 && counter < 5);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_OnRetry()
        {
            var onRetryCounter = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5).OnRetry((ex, ctx) => onRetryCounter = ctx.CurrentAttempt));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                throw new Exception();
            };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryCounter);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_OnRetry_WithResult()
        {
            var onRetryCounter = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5).OnRetry((r, ex, ctx) => onRetryCounter = ctx.CurrentAttempt));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
            {
                counter++;
                throw new Exception();
            };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryCounter);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_ResultFilter()
        {
            var onRetryCounter = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5)
                .WhenResultIs(r => r != 5)
                .OnRetry((ex, ctx) => onRetryCounter = ctx.CurrentAttempt));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
                { counter++; return 6; };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryCounter);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Func_Fail_ResultFilter_OnRetryResult()
        {
            var onRetryCounter = 0;
            var handlerResult = 0;
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(5)
                .WhenResultIs(r => r != 5)
                .OnRetry((r, ex, ctx) => { onRetryCounter = ctx.CurrentAttempt; handlerResult = r; }));
            var counter = 0;
            var result = 0;

            Func<ExecutionContext, CancellationToken, int> operation = (ctx, t) =>
                { counter++; return 6; };

            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<MaxRetryAttemptsReachedException>(async () => result = await policy
                .ExecuteAsync(operation, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(0, result);
            Assert.AreEqual(6, handlerResult);
            Assert.AreEqual(counter, onRetryCounter);
        }

        [TestMethod]
        public async Task RetryTests_Action_Handles_Only_Configured_Exception()
        {
            var policy = this.CreatePolicyWithRetry(this.CreateConfiguration<int>(2)
                .RetryIndefinitely()
                .WhenExceptionOccurs(ex => ex is InvalidOperationException));
            var counter = 0;
            await Assert.ThrowsExceptionAsync<NullReferenceException>(() =>
                policy.ExecuteAsync((ctx, t) =>
                {
                    counter++;
                    object o = null;
                    o.GetHashCode();
                    return 0;
                }, CancellationToken.None));

            Assert.AreEqual(1, counter);
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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We believe the Bible is inspired by God, making it completely trustworthy and the ultimate authority on what we should believe and how we should live. Living out biblical teaching is crucial to Christian faith; a faith that must show itself through love for each other, practical service and social concern.
We see God as He is shown in the Bible: Father, Son and Holy Spirit – a trinity. God; the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit; graciously rules over everything.
Every person is born a sinner and, guilty of missing God's standard of perfect living, is subject to God's judgement. Sinful people can only be made right with God by the grace of God, through faith in Jesus Christ and His death and resurrection.
Jesus, the Son of God in human form, died in our place to completely pay the price, once and for all, to free us from the guilt and power of sin and from its eternal consequences. The Holy Spirit lives in Christians to reveal God to them, renew them and make them holy.
Christians are God's servants, committed to proclaim God's good news throughout the world and look for the time when the world will see Jesus Christ return as Lord, in power and glory.


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LISA ANDERSON is President of the American University in Cairo.
In Tunisia, protesters escalated calls for the restoration of the country's suspended constitution. Meanwhile, Egyptians rose in revolt as strikes across the country brought daily life to a halt and toppled the government. In Libya, provincial leaders worked feverishly to strengthen their newly independent republic.
That year's events demonstrate that the global diffusion of information and expectations -- so vividly on display in Tahrir Square this past winter -- is not a result of the Internet and social media. The inspirational rhetoric of U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points speech, which helped spark the 1919 upheavals, made its way around the world by telegraph. The uprisings of 1919 also suggest that the calculated spread of popular movements, seen across the Arab world last winter, is not a new phenomenon. The Egyptian Facebook campaigners are the modern incarnation of Arab nationalist networks whose broadsheets disseminated strategies for civil disobedience throughout the region in the years after World War I.


text:
Xconomy San Diego
Indigo's Microbial Treatment for Cotton Reaps Gains in Crop Yields
Astellas Bets On Gene Therapy With $3B Audentes Acquisition Offer
Zafgen's Path Forward Is Reverse Merger With Chondrial Therapeutics
Alexis Borisy
Partner, Third Rock Ventures
Andy Ory
Founder and CEO, Acme Packet
San Diego Home
San Diego	Events
At a Private Xconomy Dinner, Luminaries Debate the Future of Innovation in San Diego
Bruce Bigelow and Wade Roush
The importance of diversifying the local economy became obvious in San Diego during the 1980s, as the ebb in defense spending exposed the area's collective dependence on Atlas rockets and cruise missiles, along with the payroll for the Navy's Pacific Fleet. But the path forward also was obvious—especially after Ely Lilly acquired San Diego's Hybritech for $480 million in 1986. San Diego's biotech cluster was born in a confluence of opportunity and necessity.
Since then, San Diego has prided itself on its innovations in life sciences, wireless communications, and other technology clusters. But these days, there is a pervasive sense that San Diego's innovation economy is flagging—and might even be faltering. The hometown venture capital firms that helped fuel this area's extraordinary expansion during the booming 1990s have largely evaporated—and this time the path forward is far from obvious.
So Xconomy asked some of San Diego's best business minds to participate in an "on the record" dinner discussion on December 8, as a way to generate ideas for boosting San Diego's innovation economy.
In attendance at the dinner—which was hosted by National University and sponsored by Ernst & Young, Latham & Watkins, and Silicon Valley Bank—were Linden Blue, vice-chairman at General Atomics; Hui Cai, vice president of business development at WuXi AppTec; C.J. Warner, chief operating officer at Sapphire Energy; Erik Bruvold, president of the National University System Institute for Policy Research; Miles Kirby, a senior director of business development at Qualcomm; Andy Pelletier of Silicon Valley Bank; Hiep Pham, CEO of TipCity; Bill Rastetter, a partner at venture firm Venrock; Faye Russell of Latham & Watkins; David Titus of Windward Ventures and the San Diego Regional Economic Development Corp.; Jim Waring, board chairman at Cleantech San Diego; Claudio Arriola, regional president of Canieti Noroeste in Tijuana, Mexico; Doug Regnier, partner at Ernst & Young; Katy Frankel, tax partner at Ernst & Young; and Bob Watkins of R.J. Watkins & Co. Executive Recruiting Consultants (and the San Diego Regional Economic Development Corporation). Xconomy publisher Steve Woit, business development associate Michele Gerus, San Diego editor Bruce V. Bigelow, and San Francisco editor Wade Roush also attended. Our conversation circled several areas of concern:
—Access to capital remains the single biggest issue for seed-stage startups in San Diego. Venture funding is down 67 percent from its peak of $541 million in the first quarter of 2009, descending to $173 million in the third quarter of 2010, according to Bruvold. Innovators and entrepreneurs continue to launch promising startups, but they are wanting for venture capital.
—Hand in hand with the decline in local venture investing has been the shrinking size of the area's indigenous venture industry. In 1996, according to Titus, there were three general partners with investing authority residing in San Diego. "Then we had this huge explosion so that by 2001, there were roughly 30 general partners who lived and worked in San Diego who had the ability to write checks, so you had this explosion of deals," said Titus. "That has shrunk back now to where, arguably, there are maybe 10 partners resident in San Diego who can write checks."
—In Titus's view, the shortage of local venture partners in San Diego "has a huge impact on how many companies get funded." But Venrock's Rastetter disagreed, arguing … Next Page »
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Bruce Bigelow is San Diego Editor of Xconomy. Wade Roush is Chief Correspondent and San Francisco Editor. Follow @
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4 responses to "At a Private Xconomy Dinner, Luminaries Debate the Future of Innovation in San Diego"
Maybe its time San Diego grows up and starts playing in the big game. The build and sell, begging for money cycle is no longer functioning effectively. Time for a more sustainable company economy, so talent does start to feel good about coming to and staying in San Diego. Otherwise, what's the point of moving to a region, buying an expensive home etc., losing your job and having to leave because there's no great senior level roles to replace it?
Lou Volpano says:
I live and operate in OC and come to SD frequently to explore, and network. Start up capitals never a problem, but the start up attitude is. With all the academics, and 'institutes' ready to pontificate, are there any that produce productivity? Coming up with a great idea can be done by a high school drop out. In short – "TALENT" is organic, not manufactured…. and most have not learned – in their hallowed MBA programs – how to even WORK in company, much less form one.
Steve Flaim says:
Regarding the comment about individual angel investors, I think the critical issue is how many deals are actually done by angels in Southern California, not how many deals an individual angel actually invests in. Tech Coast Angels, located in Southern California, is the largest organized angel investor group in the country. We started operations in 1997 and are now nearly 300 members strong organized into 5 networks (Orange County, Las Angeles, Westlake/Santa Barbara, Inland Empire, and San Diego). We have funded over 150 startup companies with over $150M of our own funds. These companies have gone on to raise over $1B in follow-on funding. We believe that we have made a significant difference in Southern California and it is the aggregate effect that counts rather than any one individual's investment performance.
Great comments and I think talent is one of the biggest issues at hand. Funding aside, the team needs to be able to execute and finding a proven team is now (IMHO) the biggest challenge in SD. The ambitious and passionate leave for greener pastures where they team up with thought leaders.


Recommended Ride – Crab and Winkle Way, Whitstable.
I don't know about you but I often say "we will definitely do this again as it is so special"; and I seldom do! This time we have. The previous experience was so good that another trip was on the cards; especially with a birthday treat lunch as a catalyst.
First find your way to Canterbury and grab a coffee. Unload the bikes and head off to the University area and seek out the entrance to the "Crab and Winkle Way". This is a delightful mainly off road route from Canterbury to Whitstable. The scenery is beautiful and there are places to stop and picnic if it takes your fancy. Most of the route is fairly flat terrain but there are a number of hills which shouldn't prove a problem, particularly with e-bikes.
We took three bikes with us. Jackie rode a Scott e-Spark 710. This is a spectacular full suspension bike and we converted the saddle for comfort, changed the grips and popped on mudguards which were useful as the weather was mixed and the surface of the route was a bit wet.
The 710 has the new Bosch CX motor with a high capacity 400WH battery giving a range of 50 plus miles on eco settings. This bike was a new ride for her and she declared that the it "was incredibly comfortable as the full suspension and saddle combined to give a smooth relaxed ride".
Nicky rode a Scott hard tail e-Aspect 720 Contessa. This is a very pretty black and pink e-bike specifically designed for lady riders. Although, when they swapped out of interest, Nicky preferred Jackie's full suspension bike (which of course is more expensive) she was impressed by the liveliness and feel of the Contessa. The hills were flattened and the 11 miles gobbled up by us putting as much or as little as we required. Our choice. So saying on the way back we warmed up by turning all power off and riding without assistance to put a bit more effort into our journey and get the circulation going. Again, our choice.
I was on a new Bergamont e-Line Trailster C with a high capacity 500wh battery. The large fame is good for me and I also rate the dropper seat post which enables you to mount the bike with a low saddle and whack it up when riding. Plenty of punch from the Bosch CX motor and firm solid frame with full suspension for comfort and smooth travelling. The quality DT Swiss freewheel make a hell of a clicking din which is irritating but I will probably get used to it. Overall the bike is e-bike spectacular and a pleasure to ride.
On the outskirts of Whitstable you potter through the side roads and pop out onto the harbour area. Great for a coffee or beer in one of the open cafes whilst you watch the world go by. There is a lovely atmosphere with working fishing boats moored in the small peaceful waterway.
Ride the bikes right along the front and take in all the colourful beach huts and wacky unique properties. Loop round and take the one street back which in itself is fascinating and then lock up your bikes outside the Whitstable Oyster Company.
This restaurant is a delight. Really well set up and busy with a good buzz, particularly on a Sunday at lunchtime (recommend you book). Try the cod and chips with all the trimmings. Predictably it specialises in fish and the range is vast. Not cheap but good quality and worth it.
Skip the puddings (attractive as they sound) and cycle over to Sundae Sundae for a salted caramel single cone (after your lunch two scoops are too much) check out the High Street – end to end – easy on an e-bike.
11 miles back and then home, James. Lovely day and great, if undemanding, bike ride. 24 miles in all.
I did this ride, this weekend and we followed the route in the book 'Lost Lanes' which has some lovely cycle routes and great decription. Every route has a GPS reference so can be put onto a GPS gizmo. Our one was 31 miles, lots of pubs, a stop for a dip in the sea, lots of lovely scenery and villages starting at Canterbury West Railway station, follow the Bike signs for Crab and Winkle way, once in Whitstable continue along the coast path all the way to Herne Bay and Reculver, then you head inland again for your return to Canterbury.
I have also experienced this route prior to purchasing my Scott e-Aspect and had started from the "School Car Park" at the top of the hill close to the University when it was free. On my next ride I shall begin from the free car park in Blean Woods a very short distance away and have a coffee/tea stop at the RNLI shop adjacent to the lifeboat station and continue my ride along the "Oyster Trail " in a westerly direction as time permits.
Reference to O/S Map 150 shows the location of the car park.
This is a delightful ride when the weather is kind to us.


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text:
U.N.: Food Stocks in Afghanistan 'Could Run Out This Month'
The World Food Programme is dependant on foreign governments donations
By: Paul Whitehead |@NeonNettle
on&nbsp3rd September 2021 @ 9.00pm
'For us to keep the current demand, we need at least $200 million only for the food sector'
Food supplied by the United Nations (U.N.) World Food Programme to Afghanistan could run out by the end of this month, according to U.N. humanitarian coordinator Ramiz Alakbarov.
Alakbarov told reporters:
"Food stocks in Afghanistan could run out as soon as this month."
"For us to keep the current demand, we need at least $200 million only for the food sector, to be able to provide food to the most vulnerable," he added.
The World Food Programme is dependant on foreign governments donations to provide aid to the starving population.
Alakbarov said the United Nation "is set to issue a flash appeal for Afghanistan in the coming days" to fundraise the $200 million sum needed to sustain the country's food supply.
The country was plunged into chaos following the takeover, which caused inflation for basic food items.
The U.N. has provided 600 metric tons of food to Afghanistan in recent days.
The Programme directed the supply trucks to enter Afghanistan via its land border with Pakistan, U.N. News reported.
Millions of families in #Afghanistan need our help right now! We've seen what happens when we turn our backs on innocent people struggling with hunger.
No food = no stability. pic.twitter.com/PCe9tbe9DP
— David Beasley (@WFPChief) September 1, 2021
The Taliban got rid of Kabul's U.S.-backed government on August 15 after it took full control of the country.
The U.S. government blocked the Taliban's access to "virtually all of the Afghanistan central bank's $9 billion in reserves, most of which are held in the U.S.," Deutsche Welle (DW) reported on August 24.
It is estimated that 18 million people 'depended on emergency aid to meet their basic needs' before the country's upheaval
Afghanistan's access to its funds was blocked by the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The move causes Afghanistan to suffer from an acute shortage of U.S. dollars.
"With no new shipment of dollars arriving to shore it up, the local currency, afghani, has crashed to record lows, sending prices soaring. Prices of staples like flour, oil, and rice have risen by as much as 10 percent-20 percent in a few days," DW noted on August 24.
It is estimated that 18 million people "depended on emergency aid to meet their basic needs" before the country's upheaval.
The report said the U.N. had already attempted to fundraise about $1.3 billion in aid but "has so far netted less than $400 million."
David Beasley, the World Food Programme Executive Director, met with the Taliban's chief spokesman, Suhail Shaheen, to discuss the country's ongoing drought and worsening food crisis.
Shaheen tweeted he discussed with Beasley "humanitarian issues, and ongoing situation of Afghanistan including problems emerged as a result of drought [sic]."
Sher M. Abbas Stanikzai, Deputy Director, PO and his accompanying delegation met with David Beasley, Executive Director of WFP and his delegation in Doha. They discussed humanitarian issues and ongoing situation of Afghanistan including problems emerged as a result of drought
— Suhail Shaheen. محمد سهیل شاهین (@suhailshaheen1) August 26, 2021
"This fall, we're very concerned because we're running out of money and the winter months are coming, and we have got to preposition food [sic]," the World Food Programme chief said.
"You know, it's been an interesting time because the Taliban have been assuring us that they want us to continue," Beasley added.
[READ MORE] Taliban Conducting 'House-to-House Executions' in Kabul after U.S Withdrawal