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As of Next year, televisions, desktops, laptops as well as monitors are usually banned from the garbage in accordance with Brand new Jersey's Electronic Waste materials Management Work (Act).
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In January 2018, Ann Arbor City Council unanimously adopted a new resolution to power 100% of the city's municipal government operations with renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar by 2035 or sooner. The resolution states the city's municipal government operations account for about 1.3% of Ann Arbor's total community-wide greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, an estimated 20-30% of the city's energy comes from renewable sources.
The city expects to meet the 2035 goal through a combination of energy efficiency, renewable energy, and optimal business practices. Possibilities discussed for carrying out the goal include enrollment in the DTE's MIGreenPower program (a "pay-ahead" premium of approximately $14 million to offset DTE's cost for development of solar and wind installments) or building extensive solar infrastructure in Ann Arbor. Direct purchase of carbon offset certificates is unlikely.
The 100% renewable goal covers Scope 1 emissions (directly produced by city facilities and city vehicles) and Scope 2 emissions (electricity, steam, and heating and cooling that is purchased for city government use). Scope 3 emissions (indirect emissions from commuting or travel, goods, or waste) is not included.
The State of Michigan and DTE have also committed to reducing carbon emissions, but to a lesser degree.
Ann Arbor City Council Member Chip Smith says that the 2035 goal is part of Ann Arbor's plan for meeting the goal of the city's Climate Action Plan. In addition to this resolution, the city also passed a resolution last August that expresses support for a federal Carbon Fee and Dividend plan, such as the one proposed by Citizens' Climate Lobby.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Best of the best and worst of the worst
What is the safest American city? The smartest? The fastest growing? Ten examples of America's superlative cities.
Top 5: Most expensive
City Average price
Beverly Hills, CA $1.800 million
Santa Monica, CA $1.767 million
La Jolla, CA $1.762 million
Santa Barbara, CA $1.700 million
Palo Alto, CA $1.652 million
Source: Coldwell Banker Home Price Comparison Index
America's most expensive housing market
Key stat: A 4-bed, 2-1/2-bath house costs $1.8 million
California has many of the most expensive housing markets in the United States. For this survey, which measures how much a similarly sized and outfitted house would cost in various markets, Beverly Hills came out on top, just ahead of nearby Santa Monica.
The index uses as its benchmark the cost of a house measuring 2,200 square feet, with four bedrooms and two and a half baths in a middle-management neighborhood.
8 smart year-end moves
These strategies will cut your taxes and prep you for the new year. But you have to act by Dec. 31.(more)
How to succeed in 2007
We asked 50 of the brightest minds in business how they do what they do - and how you can cash in on their advice in the year ahead.(more)
Own your dream house
A place by the beach, or perhaps you prefer the country? Here's what you need to know before taking on a second house.(more)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
namespace llvm {
  class MCWinCOFFObjectTargetWriter {
    const unsigned Machine;

  protected:
    MCWinCOFFObjectTargetWriter(unsigned Machine_);

  public:
    virtual ~MCWinCOFFObjectTargetWriter() {}

    unsigned getMachine() const { return Machine; }
    virtual unsigned getRelocType(unsigned FixupKind) const = 0;
  };

  /// \brief Construct a new Win COFF writer instance.
  ///
  /// \param MOTW - The target specific WinCOFF writer subclass.
  /// \param OS - The stream to write to.
  /// \returns The constructed object writer.
  MCObjectWriter *createWinCOFFObjectWriter(MCWinCOFFObjectTargetWriter *MOTW,
                                            raw_ostream &OS);
} // End llvm namespace

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


350 cui Chevrolet Small Block (casting # 3914678 – '68). Muncie 4 speed manual transmission. 12 bolt rear end. Painted factory color Royal Plum (code M) with White stripe. Black vinyl deluxe bucket seat interior. Power front disc brakes. Power steering. Dual exhaust with manifolds. In-dash tachometer. Center console with factory gauge package. SS steering wheel. Padded dash. Radio delete. Dual chrome mirrors. Rear spoiler. Electric Hide-away headlights. 15″ Rally wheels with Radial tires.
Call (830) 629-4843 for more information on this or any 1967 Chevrolet Camaro for sale in our inventory. First Generation Camaro with unique factory color for SOLD!!!


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Osaka Asian Film Festival 2022 Announces Complete Lineup
Written by Hayley Scanlon
Posted on February 26, 2022 March 10, 2022
The Osaka Asian Film Festival returns as a physical event taking place in the city from March 10 to 20, with a small retrospective of 10 Japanese indie features from previous editions streaming worldwide from March 3 to 21. This year's edition will open with Zhang Lu's Yanagawa, and close with Danish, Norwegian and Japanese co-production Miss Osaka.
Journey to the West – a true believer in the existence of extraterrestrial life travels to the mountains where he meets a man claiming to be in touch with aliens.
Love Will Tear Us Apart – youth romance adapted from a popular web novel in which a man looks back on his youthful love after receiving a phone call informing him she plans to marry someone else.
ON STAGE – documentary following the lead singer of rock band Second Hand Roses.
Anita – biopic of the late Cantopop star and actress Anita Mui.
Far Far Away – quirky rom-com from Amos Why in which a 28-year-old IT guy finds himself the object of attraction for five women who each hail from distant corners of Hong Kong.
The First Girl I Loved – romantic drama in which two women reflect on their high school romance the night before one is set to marry someone else.
Mama's Affair – latest drama from Kearen Pang (29+1) starring Teresa Mo as a woman who returns to work after raising her son.
My Indian Boyfriend – romantic comedy in which a boy from India romances a Hong Kong dancer who is also courted by a rich yet chauvinistic family friend.
Time – An elderly hitman displaced by the modern society gets a second chance at life after taking up "euthanasia" in Ricky Ko's darkly comic yet moving drama. Review.
Angry Son – indie drama in which an angry young man from the country raised by a Filipina single mother contends with local xenophobia while looking for the father he has never known.
Confession – drama from actor/director Hideo Sakaki in which a young woman is confronted with her traumatic past after her estranged step-brother visits to tell her her mother has passed away. no longer screening
Far Away, Further Away – romantic drama from Shinji Imaoka in which an unhappily married woman bonds with a brokenhearted estate agent.
Howling – after losing his job having been accused of sexual harassment, 40-year-old Ryuji is propositioned by 20-year-old Akane only to discover she wants him to kill her father while his first love Chisato has married their former high school bully and is trapped in an abusive relationship.
To Be Killed by a High School Girl – outlandish manga adaptation starring Kei Tanaka as a handsome teacher who joined the profession because he has a taboo fetish of being murdered by a high school girl.
The Light of Spring – neorealist docudrama told from the point of view of a little boy who returns home to discover his mother and sister have left because his parents are separating.
Our House Party – semi-autobiographical LGBTQ+ indie drama from Shuichi Kawanobe in which a student begins exploring his sexuality after an encounter with the owner of a gay bar in Tokyo's Shinjuku 2-chome.
Melting Sounds – MOOSIC LAB drama from Kahori Higashi in which a young woman returns to her grandmother's home to find an old man in her garden recording ambient sounds so he can bury them in a "sound tomb".
Miss Osaka – Danish-Norwegian-Japanese co-production in which a directionless young woman steals the identity of a Japanese friend after she mysteriously disappears.
Random Call – a struggling actor's world expands after he's drawn into a social experiment reconnecting with old friends through random phone calls.
Sanka: Nomads of the Mountains – drama set in 1965 in which a teenager studying for his exams encounters the Sanka, a community of nomads whose way of life is on the brink of extinction.
The Second Sino-Japanese War in Toy Films – silent compilation of early Showa documentary and propaganda films
Switchback – four teenagers are brought together by a summer workshop encouraging them to look deeper at their small hometown of Obu.
The Wonder of a Summer Day – sisters separated by divorce are reunited by a summer at grandma's.
Yanagawa – latest drama from Korean-Chinese director Zhang Lu in which two brothers decide to visit "the Venice of Japan" in search of a woman they both loved 20 years previously
YU-GEKI~side story of "Love's Twisting Path"~ – documentary following veteran director Sadao Nakajima during the production of Love's Twisting Path.
Aloners – A solitary call centre employee is forced into a reconsideration of her way of life when a neighbour dies a lonely death in Hong Sung-eun's melancholy character study. Review.
Boundary: Flaming Feminist Action – documentary focussing on the feminist action group formed in the wake of the violent murder of a woman at Gangnam Station in 2016.
The Girl on a Bulldozer – an angry young woman rebels when her father is injured in an accident which seems to be connected to a shady politician.
In Front of Your Face – An ageing actress returns to Seoul after many years abroad carrying with her a sense of melancholy vulnerability in Hong sang-soo's gentle character study. Review.
Barbarian Invasion – Tan Chui Mui directs and stars as an actress making a comeback after retiring to become a housewife and mother only to be told the film can only be made if her ex co-stars.
The Sales Girl – a shy student of nuclear physics begins to explore her sexuality when covering a friend's shift at a sex shop.
Big Night – a gay beautician is confronted with her own complicity with injustice when her name is placed on a watch list.
Whether the Weather Is Fine – Philippine drama in which a mother and son search for missing loved ones in the aftermath of disaster.
You and Me and the Ending – a fugitive and a hotel maid find love at a holiday resort during a COVID-19 lockdown
Days Before the Millennium – Two Vietnamese women who came to Taiwan 20 years apart and in very different circumstances discover a sense of mutual solidarity in Chang Ten-Yuan's migratory epic. Review.
Increasing Echo – marital drama in which a woman attempts to force her adulterous husband to visit his former mistress in a nursing home where she is living with dementia but he refuses and runs away.
Leave Me Alone – a petty gangster falls for a wealthy gallery owner while working as her driver.
Girls' School <Digitally Remastered> – new restoration of the 1982 drama revolving around the transgressively close friendship between two high school girls.
4 Kings – a hardworking family man reflects on his time as a teenage delinquent after his daughter is involved in gang violence.
Camellia Sisters – three wealthy sisters plot against each other in this opulent melodrama.
Director in Focus: Satoko Yokohama
Chiemi And Kokkunpatcho – Yokohama's mid-length graduation project in which a young woman working as a dental technician receives a wedding invitation from an old friend with whom she had previously fallen out.
German plus Rain – Yokohama's first theatrical feature following a teenage girl who dreams of being a singer but works as an apprentice gardener along with a German guy who calls her "gorillaman".
Bare Essence of Life – Aomori-set drama in the Tsugaru dialect starring Kenichi Matsuyama as an eccentric young man who falls in the love with a kindergarten teacher who has recently arrived in the town in search of her late boyfriend's missing head. Review.
The Granny Girl – 30-minute short revolving around the life of an ordinary Tokyo couple
A Girl in the Apple Farm – 42-minute short starring Masatoshi Nagase and Youki Kudo as parents to a runaway daughter.
Camping, eating, and sleeping, alone. #7 Corned beef yukke in Nishiizu – 24-minute episode from the TV series starring Takahiro Miura.
A DAY-OFF OF KASUMI ARIMURA #5 The Lid – 26-minute episode of the TV series starring Kasumi Arimura as a fictionalised version of herself in which she experiences difficulty trying to open a jar and ventures out in disguise in search of help.
Honsundonsukosuko – 4-minute short produced for TV starring Ryohei Suzuki
Osaka Asian Film Festival Online < Theater ONE >
Streaming worldwide with English subtitles March 3 to 21.
Torso – 2009 drama from Yutaka Yamazaki starring Makiko Watanabe, Sakura Ando, Arata Iura, Sora Aoi, and Renji Ishibashi revolving around an isolated office lady whose only comfort is a limbless male inflatable doll.
Breathless Lovers – 20-minute short from 2017 directed by Shumpei Shimizu in which a man chases the ghost of his late boyfriend.
Chigasaki Story – whimsical 2014 drama from Takuya Misawa (Murders of Oiso) in which students and teachers come together during a wedding at a hotel.
The Faceless Dead – 2009 feature from Kishu Izuchi in which an aspiring writer receives a phone call to tell her she is in the hospital and decides to visit to find out why someone is using her identity.
Jeux de Plage – Rohmerian drama in which college friends Sayaka and Yui take a trip to the beach where they meet up with Yui's old pal Momoko but find their dynamic disrupted by sleazy passersby and mutual awkwardness. Review.
Mechanical Telepathy – 2018 feature from Aya Igarashi in which a researcher loses consciousness while trying to develop a machine to visualise the human mind
Nice to Meet You – 2011 drama from Takamasa Oe in which a student living alone with his mother discovers her diary in which she converses with his unborn brother.
Reiko and the Dolphin – 2019 family drama from pink director Shinji Imaoka in which a young couple try to come to terms with the loss of their daughter in the devastating earthquake which struck Kobe in 1995.
The Sound of Light – 2011 first feature from Juichiro Yamasaki in which a former musician returns home from Tokyo to take over the family farm.
The Sower – 2016 drama from Yosuke Takeuchi in which a man recently discharged from a psychiatric hospital falls under suspicion following a family tragedy. Review.
This year's Osaka Asian Film Festival runs at venues across the city March 10 to 20, and online March 3 to 21. Full details for all the films as well as ticketing links are available via the official website and you can also keep up with all the latest details by following the festival on Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and YouTube.
Posted in Festivals, Osaka Asian Film Festival 2022
Tagged Festivals, Osaka Asian Film Festival, Osaka Asian Film Festival 2022
About the Author: Hayley Scanlon
View all posts by Hayley Scanlon
Previous Entry Happy Flight (ハッピーフライト, Shinobu Yaguchi, 2008)
Next Entry Bread of Happiness (しあわせのパン, Yukiko Mishima, 2012)


text:
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
All Themes Familial and Brotherly Love Help and Helplessness Skill and Art Eternal Nature vs. Human Frailty Grace, Disgrace, and Divine Will
All Characters Norman Maclean Paul Maclean Norman's father Norman's mother Jessie Neal
All Symbols Rivers Scripture
Instant downloads of all 1202 LitChart PDFs (including A River Runs Through It).
Norman Maclean
Familial and Brotherly Love
Help and Helplessness
Skill and Art
Eternal Nature vs. Human Frailty
Grace, Disgrace, and Divine Will
Paul Maclean
Norman's father
Norman's mother
Norman Maclean Character Analysis
The narrator of the novella, Norman lives in Wolf Creek, Montana with his wife, Jessie, and her family. Norman is fiercely loyal to, but also competitive with, his brother Paul, and with Paul remains close to his parents in Missoula. We don't learn anything about Norman's profession—instead, he is portrayed as a product of his father's lessons involving both Scripture and fly-fishing. More competent than Paul at life in general, Norman nevertheless seems to lack his brother's unique spark and charm. But he is an acute observer both of human character—even if he struggles to understand his brother—and of the natural world that surrounds him. Norman's guilt for not being able to help Paul colors much of the narration, as this feeling of responsibility mingles with a desire to honor Paul's memory by writing down his stories.
Norman Maclean Quotes in A River Runs Through It
The A River Runs Through It quotes below are all either spoken by Norman Maclean or refer to Norman Maclean. For each quote, you can also see the other characters and themes related to it (each theme is indicated by its own dot and icon, like this one:
). Note: all page numbers and citation info for the quotes below refer to the University of Chicago Press edition of A River Runs Through It published in 2001.
Part 1 Quotes
As a Scot and a Presbyterian, my father believed that man by nature was a mess and had fallen from an original state of grace. […] As for my father, I never knew whether he believed God was a mathematician but he certainly believed God could count and that only by picking up God's rhythms were we able to regain power and beauty. Unlike many Presbyterians, he often used the word "beautiful."
Related Characters: Norman Maclean (speaker), Norman's father
Page Number and Citation: 2
Unlock explanations and citation info for this and every other A River Runs Through It quote.
My father was very sure about certain matters pertaining to the universe. To him, all good things—trout as well as eternal salvation—come by grace and grace comes by art and art does not come easy.
Rhythm was just as important as color and just as complicated. It was one rhythm superimposed upon another, our father's four-count rhythm of the line and wrist being still the base rhythm. But superimposed upon it was the piston two count of his arm and the long overriding four count of the completed figure eight of his reversed loop.
The canyon was glorified by rhythms and colors.
Related Characters: Norman Maclean (speaker), Paul Maclean, Norman's father
Yet even in the loneliness of the canyon I knew there were others like me who had brothers they did not understand but wanted to help. We are probably those referred to as "our brothers' keepers," possessed of one of the oldest and possibly one of the most futile and certainly one of the most haunting of instincts. It will not let us go.
Related Characters: Norman Maclean (speaker), Paul Maclean
Related Symbols: Scripture
Something within fishermen tries to make fishing into a world perfect and apart—I don't know what it is or where, because sometimes it is in my arms and sometimes in my throat and sometimes nowhere in particular except somewhere deep. Many of us would probably be better fishermen if we did not spend so much time watching and waiting for the world to become perfect.
Related Characters: Norman Maclean (speaker)
The cast is so soft and slow that it can be followed like an ash settling from a fireplace chimney. One of life's quiet excitements is to stand somewhat apart from yourself and watch yourself softly becoming the author of something beautiful, even if it is only a floating ash.
Poets talk about "spots of time," but it is really fishermen who experience eternity compressed into a moment. No one can tell what a spot of time is until suddenly the whole world is a fish and the fish is gone.
I asked, "Do you think you should help him?"
"Yes," he said, "I thought we were going to."
"How?" I asked.
"By taking him fishing with us."
"I've just told you," I said, "he doesn't like to fish."
"Maybe so," my brother replied. "But maybe what he likes is somebody trying to help him."
Related Characters: Norman Maclean (speaker), Paul Maclean (speaker), Neal
On the river the heat mirages danced with each other and then they danced through each other and then they joined hands and danced around each other. Eventually the watcher joined the river, and there was only one of us. I believe it was the river.
Even the anatomy of a river was laid bare. Not far downstream was a dry channel where the river had run once, and part of the way to come to know a thing is through its death. But years ago I had known the river when it flowed through this now dry channel, so I could enliven its stony remains with the waters of memory.
Related Symbols: Rivers
It was here, while waiting for my brother, that I started this story, although, of course, at the time I did not know that stories of life are often more like rivers than books. But I knew a story had begun, perhaps long ago near the sound of water. And I sensed that ahead I would meet something that would never erode so there would be a sharp turn, deep circles, a deposit, and quietness.
Then he told me, "In the part I was reading it says the Word was in the beginning, and that's right. I used to think water was first, but if you listen carefully you will hear that the words are underneath the water."
"That's because you are a preacher first and then a fisherman," I told him. "If you ask Paul, he will tell you that the words are formed out of water."
"No," my father said, "you are not listening carefully. The water runs over the words. Paul will tell you the same thing."
Related Characters: Norman Maclean (speaker), Norman's father (speaker), Paul Maclean
Related Symbols: Rivers, Scripture
"After you have finished your true stories sometime, why don't you make up a story and the people that go with it? Only then will you understand what happened and why. It is those we live with and love and should know who elude us."
Related Characters: Norman's father (speaker), Norman Maclean, Paul Maclean
Eventually, all things merge into one, and a river runs through it. The river was cut by the world's great flood and runs over rocks from the basement of time. On some of the rocks are timeless raindrops. Under the rocks are the words, and some of the words are theirs.
I am haunted by waters.
Get the entire A River Runs Through It LitChart as a printable PDF.
Norman Maclean Character Timeline in A River Runs Through It
The timeline below shows where the character Norman Maclean appears in A River Runs Through It. The colored dots and icons indicate which themes are associated with that appearance.
The narrator, Norman Maclean, relates that in his Presbyterian family in western Montana, fly-fishing and religion were considered... (full context)
On Sundays, the young Norman and Paul have to spend the entire day in Sunday school, at services, and studying... (full context)
...was never an incredibly talented fisherman, but he is graceful. As a Scot and Presbyterian, Norman notes, his father believes that man has fallen from an original state of grace into... (full context)
Norman's father's rod—he disdains anyone who calls it a pole—is made of split bamboo wrapped in... (full context)
Norman's father is always particular about these things, among others—he believes that eternal salvation is tied... (full context)
Despite their difference in age, Norman knows even as a young man that Paul will be an expert fly-fisherman. Paul always... (full context)
The brothers already have different personalities before Norman starts working for the U.S. Forest Service at the age of fifteen, and begins to... (full context)
The Maclean family is very close-knit. Norman and Paul are taught that outside the sacred walls of church and family, the world... (full context)
Norman and Paul also have in common a certain toughness—Norman's from working at the Forest Service,... (full context)
Norman and Paul share a street fighting theory: if it seems like a fight is brewing,... (full context)
The only time Norman and Paul ever fight, they don't see their mother, a petite woman, come between them... (full context)
Norman transitions in his memories to the summer of 1937, when his father had retired and... (full context)
One day in this summer of 1937, Norman goes to see Paul, following his mother-in-law Florence's request that the two take her son... (full context)
Norman finds Paul outside a Montana club at 10:30 in the morning, looking like he's about... (full context)
...they won't feel badly about anyone they criticize in the small-town paper. When Paul asks Norman to get a drink with him, Norman apologetically says that it's too early in the... (full context)
...eyes and sandy hair. Florence had said that Paul was the best fisherman anywhere, though Norman says the extent to which Florence knew about fishing was that she could exclaim at... (full context)
Paul agrees to fish with Neal, since Florence wants him to. Then Norman buys them both a drink. Norman says that Neal will arrive the day after tomorrow,... (full context)
Paul proposes that beforehand, he and Norman take the day off to fish the "big river," which they both know refers to... (full context)
The next morning Paul picks up Norman at Wolf Creek. Once they pass the Continental Divide, Paul starts telling one of his... (full context)
Paul doesn't mention that he always starts drinking when he's done fishing (though never during). Norman is left wondering whether he's been told a funny story or a sobering tale about... (full context)
...intimidating small fishermen and small fish. The brothers begin to fish on the same side. Norman doesn't love this area, since cliffs and trees block his possible span and force a... (full context)
Paul watches Norman and is careful not to seem superior, but suggests that the fish are out a... (full context)
Norman sees a large black shape rising and sinking in the foamy mid-current, which usually is... (full context)
For Norman, during fly-fishing there are no thoughts that don't have to do with the task at... (full context)
Norman moves to wondering what the fish is thinking. He can't be convinced that a fish... (full context)
Norman casts his rod and immediately catches the fish and lands it on the sandbar. The... (full context)
Norman watches Paul jump into the river and swim out to a cliff, where he climbs... (full context)
...muscles specifically for fly-fishing: his right wrist and arm are far bigger than his left. Norman watches the multiple rhythms: their father's four-count, Paul's piston two-count, and the arcing four-count of... (full context)
It's late when Paul and Norman head back towards Helena, so Paul suggests that Norman stay with him for the night.... (full context)
...Hot Springs, where things can get more serious than mere fist fighting. Though somewhat confused, Norman gathers that Paul had gone with the half-Indian girl he's been seeing to Weiss's restaurant,... (full context)
Norman confesses that he's not sure what to do, and the sergeant tells him that he... (full context)
Norman's mind flashes back to the woman wearing overalls who had admired Paul's shadow-casting. Then he... (full context)
Paul's girl enjoys getting into trouble, walking arm in arm with Paul and Norman on Last Chance Gulch on a Saturday night so that people would be forced off... (full context)
...her legs buckle and her stockings slip down. She and Paul both smell like alcohol. Norman carries Paul's girl out the door as Paul follows. The sergeant suggests, as they leave,... (full context)
...on reservations have to live on the outskirts of town, by the slaughterhouse or dump, Norman doesn't take Paul's girl home but rather puts her to sleep in the guest bed... (full context)
It's dawn when Norman drives the 40 miles from Helena to Wolf Creek. He tries to figure out what... (full context)
Norman notes that at sunrise, everything is "luminous but not clear"—it is the time when it... (full context)
Still, Norman is aware that there exist others with brothers they want to help even if they... (full context)
Norman arrives home and goes to sleep. He's woken up by his wife Jessie, who reminds... (full context)
...a turtleneck sweater—the only passenger to ever arrive at Wolf Creek, Montana looking like that, Norman thinks. He recognizes his family and says, "Oh," ignoring Norman. Neal turns his head and... (full context)
...night Neal tries to sneak out of the house, but Florence and Jessie see him. Norman, to avoid being asked to do so, volunteers to accompany Neal to Black Jack's Bar.... (full context)
Neal and Norman sit next to Long Bow, and after a few drinks Neal begins out-lying Long Bow... (full context)
...it reaches the riverside, Paul jumps out; he's ready with his leader and flies before Norman has even moved. Jessie warns Norman not to abandon Neal. Paul calls over his shoulder... (full context)
Norman notes that Paul might have caught so many fish partly because he spends more time... (full context)
Ken says he'll fish the beaver dams upstream. Jessie pinches Norman on the arm and repeats to him that she shouldn't leave her brother. Norman and... (full context)
Norman walks slowly down the trail, trying, as he says, to leave the world behind. He... (full context)
Norman wonders if he should speak to Paul about the other night, or at least offer... (full context)
Norman knows he won't catch fish if he keeps fooling around, so he leaves Neal behind... (full context)
After Norman fixes his timing, he soon grows tired of the small, easy-to-catch fish. Norman wonders what... (full context)
Norman changes his leader and fly, and waxes his line so that it's sure to float.... (full context)
For Norman right now, the Elkhorn River, mythical Brown Trout, and the weather are all that exist... (full context)
Norman wanders upstream until he reaches a hole where not a single fish is jumping: he... (full context)
One summer, Paul had been watching Norman fish in open water and, frustrated, said that you can't catch trout in a bathtub—you... (full context)
Norman wants to know why fish are jumping everywhere but in this hole. Fly-fishing means looking... (full context)
The leader settles on a branch. Norman isn't sure if he drops the fly into the water, or if the fish leaps... (full context)
Norman notes that while poets talk about "spots of time," fishermen are the ones who really... (full context)
...bushes, since Browns usually feed along the river's edge where grasshoppers and mice fall in. Norman is dismayed: he thought he had fished the hole just how Paul had taught him.... (full context)
Suddenly, without knowing why, Norman asks if he can help Paul with money or anything, because of the other night.... (full context)
Then Paul asks where Neal is. Norman is caught off guard, and has to think about it. Paul says Norman will be... (full context)
Paul tells Norman they should find Neal, and says he shouldn't have left him behind. Norman should try... (full context)
Norman and Paul start upstream as the black cloud descends over the canyon. Present-day Norman, now... (full context)
Paul and Norman trek back to the truck, soaking wet. Norman pokes his head through the canvas into... (full context)
Norman feels better having Paul beside him, and hopes that one day he can help Paul... (full context)
...stuck in the muddy ruts of the road. Ken drives the truck and Paul and Norman push. Norman suggests to Ken that Neal get out and help, but Ken says he... (full context)
Norman falls asleep. When he wakes up he realizes that he'll need to get out of... (full context)
Two days later, as Norman and Paul are driving west, Paul begins to tell Norman about a new girl he's... (full context)
Norman thinks about how hot it is, and how the fish will probably be all lying... (full context)
Old Rawhide walks right up to Norman and says she's brought "Buster" to go fishing with them—she calls all men "Buster" except... (full context)
They all pile into Paul's car, and Norman notices they don't have a fishing rod. He doesn't dare tell Paul to stop for... (full context)
Norman suggests to Paul that they turn away from the canyon, where the water is too... (full context)
Norman peers into the back of the car, where Neal and Old Rawhide look like they're... (full context)
Norman notes that in Montana beer doesn't count as drinking—Paul counts out eight bottles, and tells... (full context)
As Paul and Norman wander downstream, Paul remarks that Neal will one day realize he doesn't like Montana and... (full context)
...brothers begin fishing, but it's too hot for the fishing to be any good. For Norman, it seems that all of life has migrated from water to land, except that he... (full context)
Norman recalls fishing's "curiosity theory," which says that fish will sometimes strike at things just to... (full context)
Norman wants to quit but doesn't want to tell Paul he didn't catch anything, so he... (full context)
Norman immediately catches three fish, and spends a little more time to catch a fourth so... (full context)
Downstream there is a dry channel where the river had once run. Norman notes that one can come to know something in part through its death, especially since... (full context)
Norman notes that fishermen often think of the river as having been made with fishermen in... (full context)
Norman shares the fisherman's phrase to describe the study of a river's patterns: "reading the water."... (full context)
Suddenly Norman hears Paul's voice, asking if he did well. Paul has caught about ten or twelve,... (full context)
As they trudge up the trail, Norman apologizes, saying he wishes he could have stayed away from Neal, but Paul says he... (full context)
...bodies are about to blister and run a fever. Looking back as a narrator, though, Norman remarks that the days are gone when you could sleep naked next to a girl... (full context)
Norman knows that when the two wake up they will be blind and furious, so he... (full context)
Paul separates Neal's clothes from Old Rawhide's. Norman says Neal won't be able to stand the touch of his clothes, so Paul says... (full context)
They drive towards the log dance hall, a regular locale for fighting. Norman stops the car in front, and Old Rawhide grabs the rest of her clothes and... (full context)
...they go inside, Florence asks what they've done with her boy. Jessie appears and tells Norman he's a bastard. Norman tells her to get out of the way and let them... (full context)
Norman knows he can't lie: part of Scottish faith means a complete foreknowledge of sin. He... (full context)
Before Norman closes the door, Jessie tells him to wait. She says he doesn't like Neal, does... (full context)
Norman goes to Black Jack's to have a few drinks with Paul, who insists on paying.... (full context)
...She butters all his rolls with his favorite chokecherry jelly—she's forgotten that this was actually Norman's favorite, but they never have the heart to correct her. Their father is in retirement... (full context)
As Norman helps their mother with the dishes, Paul says he's going to run to town to... (full context)
Norman isn't sure how much his father knows about Paul, but assumes some things have reached... (full context)
As Norman's father goes to the door, he turns and says that he is too old to... (full context)
Norman waits a long time before falling asleep. Before getting up, he hears Paul open and... (full context)
...sight of the river down a steep bank, next to red and green Precambrian rocks. Norman and his father recall how they picked such rocks to build their fireplace. His father... (full context)
Father says he'll head down to the open water, while Norman and Paul stay by these big rocks. Paul suggests that they fish together. This is... (full context)
As Norman wades into the water, big flies slam into his face. They are stupid and swollen,... (full context)
Norman takes the fly out and feels content: he feels loved by the women in his... (full context)
Norman has learned his lesson from this one cast, and for the rest of the day... (full context)
After Norman catches his sixth Rainbow, he hears a massive splash to his left. He can't think... (full context)
...father. Paul yells across the river to ask what the fish are biting on, and Norman says yellow stone flies—he asks if Paul wants one, but he yells back no. Norman,... (full context)
Now Norman is no longer getting strikes, and his Bunyan Bug fly no longer seems so appealing.... (full context)
Norman tells Paul to say what he means. Paul says that he first noticed on this... (full context)
Norman catches two more, even though he's on Paul's side of the river: with ten, he... (full context)
Norman says he's going to sit by his father and wait for Paul. He's certain that... (full context)
Norman's father says that in the part of the Bible he was reading it says the... (full context)
...and holds up two fingers, meaning he has two fish left to reach his limit. Norman and his father get up, and Father throws a rock over to Paul's side of... (full context)
Norman's father, looking out at Paul, says there must be a big one where he's casting,... (full context)
To Norman, the performance looks like children playing. Norman and his father reassure each other that Paul... (full context)
That would be the last fish Norman and his father ever saw Paul catch. When they would talk about it later, they... (full context)
...photos turn out overexposed and amateurish. There is one picture, however, that remains fixed in Norman's mind: Paul is smiling, flies whizzing around his hatband, water streaming down his face. Norman... (full context)
Norman's father, who is shy in praise, tells Paul that he is a fine fisherman. Paul... (full context)
As they pack up, Paul repeats that he just needs three more years. Later Norman realizes that the river must have told both him and Paul that he would not... (full context)
The next May, the police sergeant awakens Norman before dawn. Silently, they drive together down the Continental Divide and the Blackfoot to tell... (full context)
After Norman tells his father the news, his father asks for more information. Norman says that nearly... (full context)
Once Norman's father asks if Norman thinks he (the father) could have helped Paul. Norman responds, "Do... (full context)
Once, though, Norman's father asks some questions that make Norman wonder if he eve really understood his father,... (full context)
Now, the older Norman, who has been narrating, reflects that nearly all those he loved and did not understand... (full context)
Norman ends with a meditation on the ancient history of the river, a glacial flood among... (full context)
Baena, Victoria. "A River Runs Through It Characters: Norman Maclean." LitCharts. LitCharts LLC, 20 Nov 2015. Web. 21 Jan 2020.
Baena, Victoria. "A River Runs Through It Characters: Norman Maclean." LitCharts LLC, November 20, 2015. Retrieved January 21, 2020. https://www.litcharts.com/lit/a-river-runs-through-it/characters/norman-maclean.


text:
Rosa salvaje es una telenovela mexicana producida por la cadena Televisa en el año 1987 de la mano de Valentín Pimstein. Protagonizada por Verónica Castro y Guillermo Capetillo, con las participaciones antagónicas de Laura Zapata, Liliana Abud, Renata Flores y Felicia Mercado, quien reemplazó a Edith González a la mitad de la trama.

Historia
Rosa García vive con su madrina Tomasa quien la crio desde pequeña, ambas son de clase muy humilde. Rosa es ingenua y no posee mucha educación, cuando alguien la molesta acostumbra a increparlos o golpearlos, la gente le dice "la salvaje" y parece hombre, ya que acostumbra a jugar a fútbol, canicas y otros juegos característicos de los varones con otros niños. Un día ella va con sus amigos a un vecindario de gente de dinero y de una casa sacan ciruelas y es sorprendida por Dulcina Linares, una mujer ambiciosa y vanidosa a quien solo le importa el dinero y la clase social, y su sirvienta Leopoldina y la amenazan con llamar a la policía. Llega Ricardo Linares, hermano de Dulcina y este intercede por ella. Él es agradable y de buenos sentimientos, no la denuncia a la policía, al contrario, le da algunas ciruelas y algo de dinero. Ella se enamora perdidamente de él. Ricardo está en una lucha constante con sus hermanas Dulcina y Cándida, ya que estas quieren que a toda costa se case con una mujer millonaria. Para fastidiarlas decide casarse con la primera muchacha que a él le dé la gana. Esta muchacha resulta ser Rosa. Pero Dulcina y Cándida se unen a Leonela Villarreal, una joven que posee una gran fortuna y que se ha sentido atraída por Ricardo Linares desde siempre, estas harán todo lo posible por separarlos. Ricardo realmente se enamora de Rosa, pero cuando ella se entera de que este se casó sin amor y solo por hacer enojar a sus hermanas, no puede perdonarlo. En la casa Linares Rosa recibe sus peores humillaciones por parte de Dulcina y su hermana así como de parte de Leonela (como por ejemplo un día en una fiesta cuando Dulcina humilla a Rosa delante de todos los invitados haciendo que golpee a Lulú, otra "enamorada" de Ricardo), pero también conoce a Rogelio, el hermano gemelo de Ricardo de buenos sentimientos, y se hacen muy amigos. Rogelio está inválido, pero muy a pesar de Dulcina decide operarse para volver a caminar y lo logra. Mientras Rogelio se recupera de la operación lo cuida Linda, una amiga de Rosa que se hace pasar por enfermera, y ambos terminan enamorándose.

Por otro lado Federico Robles es el abogado de los Linares, un hombre ambicioso que embaraza a Cándida provocando los celos y furia de Dulcina que siempre estuvo enamorada de él y con quien mantenía clandestinos romances. Una noche la malvada hermana hace rodar por las escaleras a Cándida sabiendo ya del escándalo del embarazo. Con eso logra matar al niño de su hermana. Después, Dulcina se casa con Federico Robles sin sospechar que este se está apropiando poco a poco de la fortuna de los Linares y también de su mansión. Tras descubrir el desfalco, Dulcina asesina a Federico creyendo que como su viuda recibirá en herencia todo lo que él le robó y así recuperará la fortuna y la mansión de los Linares. Sin embargo, al abrirse el testamento de Federico se descubre que antes de casarse con Dulcina él estaba casado con otra mujer de la que nunca se divorció, por lo que el matrimonio con Dulcina no es válido y su legítima esposa, ahora su viuda, es la heredera de todos sus bienes incluida la mansión Linares, la cual ella decide poner en venta porque no tiene intención de vivir en ella y les da un plazo a los Linares para desocuparla.

Por su parte Leonela, sabiendo que Rosa se ha reconciliado con Ricardo tras un viaje que hicieron a Manzanillo, trama un vil plan para acostarse con Ricardo y que Rosa los vea. Lo logra, se vuelve la prometida de Ricardo e incluso se casan. Al poco tiempo, Rosa descubre que espera un hijo de Ricardo y decide no informarle nada a él.

Posteriormente Rosa se reencuentra con su mamá, Paulette Mendizábal, quien tuvo que entregar a Rosa recién nacida a su empleada Tomasa para evitar que la matara su madre, quien consideraba su embarazo una deshonra porque el padre de la niña era el chofer de la casa con quien Paulette había tenido un amorío. Casi al mismo tiempo de ese reencuentro entre madre e hija, Rogelio Linares es apuñalado por un delincuente del barrio donde Rosa vivía, el cual pretendía a Linda. Paulette transforma a Rosa haciendo de ella una mujer rica y distinguida, la cual a pesar del poder que tiene ahora piensa en vengarse de los Linares por todo el daño que le hicieron. Con este objetivo, Rosa hace que Dulcina se arrodille ante ella y le pida perdón o de lo contrario mandará a Dulcina a la cárcel. Dulcina lo hace y queda humillada ante Rosa, tal como ella misma había humillado a Rosa antes. En venganza por la humillación sufrida, Dulcina manda a Leopoldina a rentar una casa usando un nombre falso y luego ordena que secuestren a Rosa y la lleven ahí para matarla ella personalmente. Sin embargo, la mujer encargada de cuidar a Rosa mientras esperan a que Dulcina llegue para matarla personalmente se conmueve al saber que está embarazada y la deja escapar, por lo que Dulcina enfurece cuando llega a matar a Rosa y no la encuentra. Mientras tanto, Rogelio se recupera en el hospital de la puñalada que recibió y le propone matrimonio a Linda para que los dos se vayan juntos al rancho de los Linares donde él terminará de recuperarse cuando salga del hospital.

Tras escapar del secuestro e intento de asesinato orquestados por Dulcina, Rosa regresa a casa de su madre y se entera de que la viuda de Federico Robles ha puesto en venta la mansión Linares, por lo que decide comprarla para entregársela a Rogelio Linares, su gran amigo y único miembro de la familia Linares que no le ha causado ningún dolor. Tras cerrarse la operación de compra venta, Dulcina sin saber nada al respecto manda a Leopoldina a tratar de recuperar la mansión Linares de manos de la viuda de Federico Robles, pero esta regresa con la noticia de que la casa ya fue vendida y fue Rosa "la salvaje" quien la compró. Dulcina enfurece y jura que nadie la sacará de su casa nunca. Rosa sigue sin perdonar a Ricardo por comprometerse y casarse con Leonela, pero el joven se da cuenta de que no ama a Leonela y decide pedirle el divorcio e irse de viaje. Leonela enfurece y jura que vigilará a Rosa día y noche para encontrar el momento de matarla, pero le sale mal el plan porque al atropellarla y salir huyendo se queda atrapada en las vías del tren y muere horriblemente arrollada en su auto por el tren y quemada.

Mientras tanto, a solas, Dulcina le otorga la distinción de ser una Linares a Leopoldina y le propone morir como tal en la mansión, no sin antes confesarle que ella asesinó a Federico Robles. Tal conversación es escuchada por el mayordomo, mismo que llama a la policía. Dulcina escucha afuera las patrullas y planea prenderle fuego a la mansión Linares con el fin que Rosa no disfrute de esta, e igualmente morir junto con Leopoldina. Esta última no está de acuerdo y comienzan a forcejear; en el acto, Leopoldina trata de matar a Dulcina con un cuchillo pero esta se lo quita de las manos. Leopoldina cae al suelo tomando una botella de ácido muriático de la alacena con la que le desfigura el rostro a Dulcina, pero muere de un disparo a manos de esta. La policía entra a la casa, detienen a Dulcina y se encuentran con el cadáver de Leopoldina.

Rosa y Ricardo en la última escena de la novela lloran y se acuerdan de todo, Rosa en Emergencias está a punto de morir con su hijo en el vientre y finalmente le revela a Ricardo que él es el padre de ese hijo. Pero al final sucede un milagro...

Elenco
 Verónica Castro - Rosa García Montero de Linares "Rosa salvaje"
 Guillermo Capetillo - Ricardo Linares / Rogelio Linares
 Laura Zapata - Dulcina Linares "Vda. de Robles"
 Liliana Abud - Cándida Linares
 Edith González - Leonela Villarreal (#1)
 Felicia Mercado - Leonela Villareal (#2)
 Renata Flores - Leopoldina
 Irma Lozano - Paulette Montero de Mendizábal
 Magda Guzmán - Tomasa "Manina" González
 Roberto Ballesteros - Dr. Germán Laprida
 Claudio Báez - Lic. Federico Robles
 Armando Calvo  - Sebastián
 Ada Carrasco  - Carmen
 Jaime Garza - Ernesto Rojas
 Bárbara Gil - Amalia
 Mariana Levy  - Herlinda "Linda" González
 Alejandro Landero - Rigoberto "Rigo" Camacho
 Alejandra Maldonado - Malena
 Servando Manzetti - Eduardo Reynoso
 Alberto Mayagoitia - Pablo Mendizábal
 David Ostrosky - Carlos Manrique
 Aurora Clavel - Madre de Ernesto
 Maleni Morales - Miriam Acevedo
 Gloria Morell - Eduviges
 Beatriz Ornella - Caridad
 Patricia Pereyra - Norma
 Gustavo Rojo - Padre Manuel de la Huerta
 Otto Sirgo - Ángel de la Huerta
 Gastón Tuset - Roque Mendizábal
 Liliana Weimer - Vanessa de Reynoso
 Mariagna Prats - Fernanda Araujo de Laprida
 Flor Procuna - Vecina de Miriam
 Gerardo Murguía - Martín
 Ninón Sevilla - Zoraida Moreno
 Alejandro Montoya - Armando
 Beatriz Sheridan - La Campana
 Jacaranda Alfaro - Irma Cervantes
 Patricia Ancira - Estela Gómez
 Socorro Avelar - La Maldita
 Magda Karina - Angélica
 Ari Telch - Jorge Andueza
 Meche Barba - Sor Mercedes
 René Cardona - Don Feliciano
 Álvaro Cerviño - Lic. Alberto Valencia
 Hortensia Clavijo "La Cucaracha" - Agripina Pérez "La Tequilera"
 Karina Duprez - María Elena Torres Vda. de Robles
 Alicia Encinas - Lulú Carrillo
 Arturo García Tenorio - Agustín Campos
 Josefina Escobedo - Felipa González
 Alberto Inzúa - Néstor Parodi
 Beatriz Moreno - Eulalia
 Rafael Inclán - Inspector de policía
 René Muñoz - Doctor de Rosa
 Juan Carlos Serrán - Pedro Luis García
 Mauricio Ferrari - Carlos Montero
 Leonardo Daniel - Enrique Molina
 Julia Marichal - Romelia
 Polo Ortín - Agente Mijares
 David Rencoret - Felipe Arévalo
 Marta Resnikoff - Esperanza
 Polly - América
 Roxana Saucedo - Violeta
 Eduardo Alcaraz - Jefe de policía
 María Martín - Madame Roubier
 Héctor Bonilla - Braulio Covarrubias
 Raymundo Capetillo - Doctor Reynaldo
 Jorge Granillo - Palillo
 Tito Livio - Tito
 Julio Andrés López - Perico
 Adrián Martínez - Adrián "El Muelas"
 Sebastián Garza - Chala
 Raquel Parot - Rosaura de la Riva de Montero
 Guy de Saint Cyr - Román
 Gerardo Acuña - Amigo de Raúl
 Ana María Aguirre - Ama de llaves
 Arturo Allegro - Pedro
 Edmundo Barahona
 Carlos Becerril - Voz del loro "Crispín" / Dr. del Castillo
 Renan Moreno - Gerente Aerolínea
 Eduardo Borja - Hilario
 Rosita Bouchot - La Tigresa
 Rossana Cesarman - Celia
 Gerardo Correa
 Carmen Cortés - Doña Filomena
 Guillermo de Alvarado "Condorito" - José de Jesús
 Ricardo de Loera - Abelardo Gutiérrez
 Dina de Marco - Natalia
 Bertha del Castillo - Justina
 Gustavo del Castillo - David
 Rafael del Villar - Ramón Valadez
 Rosa Elena Díaz - Doña Carmela
 Eduardo Díaz Reyna - Segundo
 Erik Estrada - Teniente Rocha
 Armando Franco - Raúl de la Huerta
 Cecilia Gabriela - Ingrid
 Claudia Gálvez - Cleopatra
 Alberto González
 Alejandro Guce - Diego
 Arturo Guízar - Rufino
 José Roberto Hill
 Gabriela Hoffer
 Benjamín Islas - Martín
 Sergio Jurado - Policía
 Ismael Larumbe - Detective Castro
 José Lavat - Detective Granillo
 Ana Libia - Ella misma
 Agustín López Zavala - Dr. Logillo
 Arturo Lorca - Agente Fernández
 Jaime Lozano - Doctor
 Erika Magnus
 Patricia Martínez - La Siempre Viva
 Aurora Medina - Mary
 Antonio Miguel - Notario
 Enrique Miranda - Detective
 Julio Monterde - Dr. Rodrigo Álvarez
 Anna Silvetti - Eva
 Dora Montero
 Raquel Morell - Paulina
 Alicia Osorio - Olga
 Armando Palomo - Oscar Vicuña "Muñeco"
 Raquel Pankowsky - La Tacones
 Yula Pozo - Lupe
 Lei Quintana - Silvia
 Carmen Rodríguez - Dora
 Jean Safont - Dr. Torres
 Jorge Santos - Dr. Castillo
 Darwin Solano - Esposo de Natalia
 Ricardo Vera - Mendoza
 Juan Verduzco - Sr. Ramos
 Humberto Yáñez - Isidro Vázquez
 Cecilia Romo - Clienta desmayada en la juguetería

Equipo de producción
 Original de: Inés Rodena
 Libreto: Carlos Romero, Abel Santa Cruz
 Versión: Vivian Pestalozzi
 Edición literaria: Dolores Ortega
 Coordinación literaria: Gabriela Ortigoza
 Tema musical: Rosa salvaje
 Intérprete: Verónica Castro
 Música: José Antonio "Potro" Farías
 Escenografía: Darío Rangel
 Ambientación: Rosalba Santoyo, Alejandro Monroy
 Vestuario: Televisa San Ángel
 Musicalización: Javier Ortega, Luis Alberto Diazayas
 Iluminación: Jesús Raya Lara
 Editor: Adrián Frutos Maza
 Jefes de producción: Nicandro Díaz González, Pablo Martínez de Velasco, Maricarmen Solá
 Gerente de coordinación: Verónica Pimstein
 Directora de locación: Maricarmen Solá
 Coordinador de producción: Salvador Mejía
 Coordinación general: Angelli Nesma Medina
 Director de cámaras: Ernesto Arreola
 Directora de escena: Beatriz Sheridan
 Productor ejecutivo: Valentín Pimstein

Premios y nominaciones

Premios TVyNovelas 1988

Comercialización en formatos caseros
 1996 Renta y venta de Video Romances

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 Página de televisainternacional.tv
 Página de alma-latina.net

Telenovelas de México
Telenovelas de 1987
Telenovelas de Televisa
Adaptaciones de telenovelas venezolanas

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Toponyme

 La Verpillière, commune de l'Isère
 Gare de La Verpillière
 Grottes de la Verpillière près de Germolles sur Mellecey, Saône-et-Loire
 Abri de la Verpilière près de Menetoy sur Vic-de-Chassenay, Côte-d'Or

 Voir aussi
 Verpillières, commune de la Somme
 Verpillières-sur-Ource, commune de l'Aube

Patronyme

 Guy de La Verpillière (1922 - 2006), homme politique français. Député puis sénateur de l'Ain ;
 Charles de La Verpillière (1954 - ), homme politique français. Député de l'Ain ; fils du précédent.


Serving on a peer review committee is a thankless job, which all too often proves the old adage that "no good deed goes unpunished." A physician called upon to judge the competency of another physician is placed in the unenviable position of attempting to balance the desire to protect patients from "bad medicine," while still assuring that a colleague's livelihood will not be endangered. The stakes are high on both sides of the equation. The purpose of this article is to provide a brief overview of applicable law, and to provide practical guidance to a physician involved in the process, to assure that all the protections of the law are available.
State and federal law each provide separate and overlapping protections. A brief overview of each follows.
Professional Review Actions. The Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 1986 (HCQIA) generally provides immunity from damages for participants in a "professional review action" if certain conditions are met. A "professional review action" means an action taken "which is based on the competence or professional conduct of an individual physician (which conduct affects or could affect adversely the health or welfare of a patient or patients)." An action is not considered to be based on the competence or professional conduct of a physician if the action is primarily based upon "any other matter" that does not relate to the competence or the professional conduct of a physician.
This definition is critical, because a decision that adversely affects a physician's clinical privileges for a period longer than 30 days based upon a "professional review action" generally must be reported to the State Board of Medicine, which, in turn is required to report this information to the National Practitioner Data Bank (NPDB).
Immunity from Damages. As noted above, HCQIA does not give blanket immunity to participants in a "professional review action." Instead, this immunity is granted only if the professional review action was taken: (1) in the reasonable belief that the action was in furtherance of quality health care, (2) after a reasonable effort to obtain the facts of the matter, (3) after adequate notice and hearing procedures are afforded to the physician involved or after such other procedures as are fair to the physician under the circumstances, and (4) in the reasonable belief that the action was warranted by the facts known after such reasonable effort to obtain facts and after meeting the requirement of paragraph (3).
A physician who was the subject of an adverse peer review action who wishes to attack the participants in a peer review process has the burden of proving the professional review action does not meet the above criteria. A discussion of each of the required four criteria needed to preserve immunity follows.
Adequate Notice and Hearing Procedures. The criterion of an "adequate notice and hearing" is met if certain notice and hearing conditions are either present in the peer review (or are waived voluntarily by the physician). Most medical staff bylaws comply with the statutory notice and hearing requirements. It would be prudent to obtain assurances from the legal counsel to the medical staff that the bylaws in question comply with the law.
Reasonable Belief that the Action was Warranted by the Facts Known. For purposes of analyzing this prong of the immunity test, the "facts known" are deemed correct, unless the facts are so obviously mistaken or inadequate as to make reliance on them unreasonable.
In short, the statute will not provide immunity for individuals who have not exercised due care; nor will it provide immunity for individuals who have acted with malice. "Malice" has been defined in this context as "the intentional doing of a wrongful act without just cause or excuse, with an intent to inflict an injury or under circumstances that the law will imply an evil intent." The Pennsylvania Supreme Court has supplemented this definition often and said that "malice does not necessarily mean a particular ill-will toward another; it comprehends in certain cases recklessness of consequences and a mind regardless of social duty." Interestingly, the court in the seminal case in this regard found a refusal to correct an allegation made, even after a face to face meeting and denial by the plaintiff, was one indication of malice on the part of the defendant. Accordingly, it is imperative that the record of the peer review action reflect that the assertions of the physician in question were considered, and evidence of some reasonable basis for the committee to disregard or discount these assertions.
To fully protect yourself when involved in a peer review action, it is important to keep the basic principles set forth above in mind at all times during the process. At all points in the process, you must be diligent in determining the facts that lead to the decision. The physician being reviewed should be given every opportunity to provide an adequate defense and to fully develop all facts and expert opinions which would support that physician's activities.
You should assure yourself that any recommended actions are appropriate to the circumstances, and are structured to assure that quality care can be delivered. If the sanctions seem punitive to you, they most certainly will seem so to the affected physician, and could lead to a claim that your actions are not protected by applicable law.
Participating in peer review activities is rarely pleasant. However, to assure the availability of high quality health care someone has to perform this service. Physicians who undertake this important responsibility with the proper frame of mind and devote their full attention to the matter should be protected by applicable law.


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Home Headlines Brown envelope journalists ruining media in Nigeria – U.S. Ambassador
Brown envelope journalists ruining media in Nigeria – U.S. Ambassador
US Ambassador to Nigeria, Mary Beth Leonard
The United States Ambassador to Nigeria, Mary Beth Leonard, has said brown envelope journalists are ruining Nigeria's media industry by eroding the public's trust in the media.
Ms Leonard who spoke during a town hall meeting hosted by the Nigerian Guild of Editors on Thursday in Lagos, said a team approach was needed to help improve public trust in the media.
According to her, "Brown envelope journalism undermines the public's trust in the media, erodes journalistic integrity, and defeats the media's ability to play a transparent oversight role over government actions."
Brown envelope is generally used to describe a situation where journalists collect money at events or during press conferences to write favourable stories.
According to Ms Leonard, one of the challenges that democracies worldwide face is an "unfortunate, pervasive lack of trust in the media."
She decried financial inducement of journalists, saying that the "practice corrodes the institutional position of the media as what we refer to as the "Fourth Estate," or one of our pillars of democracy.
She urged Nigerian media to leverage their right to press freedom by countering propaganda and disinformation through regular and impartial fact-checking, NAN reported.
The U.S. ambassador also said access to accurate, unbiased information was critical to democracy.
"It ensures that citizens make responsible, informed choices rather than acting out of ignorance or misinformation. Information that is publicly accessible to all ensures that elected representatives uphold their oaths of office and carry out the wishes of those who elected them," the U.S. envoy further noted.
She noted that the Nigerian media could ensure that citizen voices were heard, which might help reverse voter apathy.
"Too often Nigerian elections are personality-based and lose focus on critical issues such as unemployment, inflation, and lack of health care," Ms Leonard stressed, adding that the media could hold the candidates accountable for discussing issues.
The U.S. envoy added that media coverage of elections could encourage more turnout if all outlets focused on the issues that affected the daily lives of constituents.
"Patronage politics, corruption, inequality, and the failure of many democratic governments to deliver for their citizens fuel public and media doubts about the democratic model, causing them to lose hope and accept the status quo as normal," she stated.
The U.S. ambassador urged the media to pay attention not just to society's problems but also to possible solutions.
"When you uncover stories that others have tried to hide or deny, inevitably prosecutions follow, and accountability is attained through the voice of the people at the ballot box," Ms Leonard explained.
According to her, most vicious trolls on the internet are shielded by anonymity.
The ambassador disclosed that the U.S. recently created a new Bureau of Cyberspace and Digital Policy to fight back against disinformation, stand up for internet freedom and reduce the misuse of surveillance technology.
"Too often, technology is being used to silence dissent and prosecute citizens – and democracies must answer the call to fight back against disinformation, stand up for internet freedom, reduce the misuse of surveillance technology, and establish standards of responsible conduct in cyberspace," stated Ms Leonard. "Democracy works at its best where there is a multiplicity of voices from broad segments of society which represent every race, gender and ethnicity addressing a plethora of issues from access to opportunity, health, and prosperity," according to NAN.
Brown envelope journalists ruining media in Nigeria - U.S. Ambassador
Mary Beth Leonard
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The Falklands are synonymous with wildlife holidays and the natural world. The abundance and accessibility (for those who enjoy travelling slightly off the beaten track) of the wildlife, all within its natural environment, have rightly earned us the name "Galapagos of the South". Here the wildlife comes close to you, stops and take a glance, before waddling on past in total disregard to your presence, or if you stay perfectly still will take a closer look at you than you ever thought possible! Five breeding species of penguin (Magellanic, Gentoo, Rockhopper, Macaroni and King, and the chance of seeing up to seven different species), the world's largest colonies of Black-browed albatross, the curious and internationally endangered Striated caracara, the endemic Steamer duck, the lumbering but impressive Elephant seal, Sea lions, dolphins and even Killer whales, are just some of the highlights of a Falklands wildlife based holiday.
Tumbledown, Harriet, Goose Green, San Carlos … all became household names in 1982 during Argentina's brief occupation of the Falkland Islands. Guided tours of these and other battlefields, and the cemeteries and memorials are a must for anyone with an interest in military history. Darwin (from where you can explore San Carlos and Goose Green), Pebble Island and Port Howard are the destinations to include in an itinerary concentrating on this aspect of the Falklands. Our experienced guides will really bring this subject alive for those with even the vaguest interest. It is easy to combine this particular interest with the Falklands' other attractions if a more general/mixed interest tour is preferred.
The Falklands are not just about wildlife …. over 160 species of plant have now been identified with 14 of those listed as endemic, making the Falklands a seriously viable destination for a botany based holiday. Despite the obvious lack of trees, there is a wealth of attractive and colourful plants, as well as few edible ones such as the native diddle dee berry or teaberry, to be found proving that Darwin's description of the vegetation as" wiry grass and … monotonous brown colour" was rather harsh.
Why not try the Falkland Islands as the latest wedding destination. The laws are relatively simple, and we at International Tours & Travel Ltd. can deal with all the ground arrangements for you – the actual location for the service, catering, accommodation, domestic flights to the honeymoon destination and other smaller details to make the whole event run smoothly. A backdrop of rocky cliffs, penguins surfing in on the waves to a deserted white sandy beach, dolphins frolicking in the shallows and bright blue skies – a perfect setting for a wedding.
The Falkland Islands are extremely photogenic and a paradise for anyone with the remotest interest in photography - regardless of whether the person behind the lens is an amateur or a professional. You will need plenty of memory/film for a visit to the Falklands, such is the extent of material that you will find to photograph here. Wildlife or watering holes, people or places, skylines or sea scenes there is an image around every corner. The light and colours are a photographer's dream and the fearless nature of the wildlife makes for extraordinary photographs.
The vibrant colours of nature and variety of landscape in the Falkland Islands make this an unrivalled destination for artists. With low edged light, silhouetted shapes at sunset, incredible skies and a never-ending choice of nature's subjects for the artist to capture, is it any wonder that so many visitors class the Falklands as the perfect blend of hobby and holiday?
A fishing trip to the Falkland Islands is a unique experience and can provide a sport of the highest quality – our rivers have been compared to rivers in Scotland. You fish amidst spectacular scenery and amazing wildlife and relax in the warmth of comfortable lodges and cottages offering genuine Falklands hospitality.
The sea trout season runs from 1 September to 30 April. Catches in the rivers are heavily influenced by rainfall with ideal spate conditions likely in September/October and March/April. Also at these times and during the intervening months the sea creeks and estuaries are good locations, especially as the tide starts to flood.
Falklands game fishing has developed quite recently compared to other parts of the world. Sea trout (Salmo trutta), common to northern Europe, was introduced to Falkland rivers only just fifty years ago and this fast growing migratory fish quickly established itself around the islands to provide some of the finest sea trout fishing available today. Their size, fighting qualities and seeming "lack of shyness" makes them attractive to fishermen. Sea trout of 2lbs to 7lbs are common with fish in excess of 10lbs taken every season. The current record of 22lbs 12.5ozs was taken by Alison Faulkner from the San Carlos on 25 March 1992.
Naturally rivers have their populations of resident brown or Falkland trout (Aplocheton Zebra) which, although generally smaller than their migratory cousins, provide fine sport on the appropriate tackle.
When fishing tidal waters it is very likely you will come into contact with the Falkland mullet (Eleginus Falklandicus Nototheniidae). Like the European species, it follows the tide into the shallows where it can be seen moving, usually with an obvious wake. However it is not related, being much larger and stronger with fish recorded in excess of 20 lbs. Locally it is much valued as a game fish taking bait, spinner of fly to provide an exciting surprise to the unsuspecting trout angler.
The rivers are well suited to fly fishing with treeless banks, however a strong wind often blows and medium or tip action rods rated AFTM 7, 8 or 9 are recommended. This also enables long casts in low water and bright conditions or when fishing the estuaries. The usual sea trout fly patterns are effective. Should you be inclined, a spinning rod for tidal work and mullet fishing would be a useful addition to your gear.
Visitors are encouraged to return all fish to the water. Rivers normally available are privately owned and in the absence of any contrary advice from the owner it should be assumed that a catch and release policy applies. It is strongly recommended that barbless hooks be used. The maximum number of fish allowed to be taken by a fisherman on any one day varies from river to river and should be ascertained from the guide/ghillie or landowner in advance.
- Warrah (West Falkland) You are accommodated in the comfortable lodge at Port Howard settlement. The guide transports you northwest some 12 miles away to the river winding its way through spectacular scenery. You can also fish its main tributary, Green Hill Stream, or make a short journey to Many Branch Creek to the north. There is excellent opportunity for success in the creeks nearby not only for sea trout but also for mullet.
- Chartres (West Falkland) This river can be fished from the Port Howard base, being some 1.5 hours drive away. Little Chartres Farm is the starting point. A fishing lodge is currently under construction at Little Chartres.
- Roy Cove (West Falkland) Relatively unexplored fishing grounds – try your hand on Herbert Stream and then relax at the end of the day in the comfortable cottage at Crooked Inlet Farm.
- San Carlos (East Falkland) This river can be fished from Stanley (2 hours by North Camp track) or more comfortably from Port San Carlos (20 minutes) where accommodation is available in a self-catering cottage (meal packs or alternative catering can be arranged on request). Although night fishing is not common practice in the Falklands, conditions on this river are ideal for it to be tried.
- Murrell (East Falkland) Located within 20 minutes drive of Stanley, this river was one of those stocked originally.
Read recommendations from a local fishing guide... click here to go the the Port Howard settlement page and find out more.


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Q: Replay chart animation with Visifire 2.6 How to replay a chart animation with Visifire 2.6?

A: Visifire supports animation only on initial render. As you are using Visifire 2.6, so in order to re-animate the chart you have to remove the old chart and add new chart once again. I suggest you to use the latest version of Visifire which has got lots of new features and bug fixes. Here you can re-animate the chart only by updating DataPoint's YValue.


Wills can be found to be invalid for a number of different reasons. Below we've outlined the common ground for challenging a will, do any of these apply to your case? are you concerned that some of the problems below apply to the deceased?
Do you think the deceased had full legal capacity when they made the Will?
Did the deceased intend this document to be a Will?
Are you certain that this is their last Will? Are there later Wills? Do you know of other Wills – perhaps Wills dealing with property abroad?
Do you think the deceased understood the full terms of the Will? Did they know and approve of its contents?
Are there concerns that someone may have exerted pressure on the deceased – was there undue influence?
Is there a suspicion that the Will may have been revoked?
Worried about fraud or forgery?
This is a complicated area and one where experience of previous claims is important as a guide to whether or not a claim to challenge a will shall be successful. Always take proper advice when challenging a will. Click here to complete our online enquiry form.
There are strict time limits for bringing claims when in regards to contesting a will, please click here for guidance.


Use this kit to winterize your QuietCool whole house fan. This kit is for use with the QuietCool 6000, 7000 series and the CL-6400 and ES-6400 fans. The insert has an R-40 insulation value and this kit includes a removable grille which makes installing and removing the insert behind the grille without having to unscrew the grill.


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About - Contact
Indian Society and Law
Geological Time Scale
By Chems Tamang
The sequential time arrangement or settings, of the earth history is what the geological time scale means. Different geographers, geologists and scientists use the geological time scale in order to describe the various events and changes of the earth's history.The present today of the world, is the only outcome of the geologic time scale.
During the geological time scale, different living organisms has undergone changes to a great level, among which some have got extinct and some comprised of such names which are not known to us even today. The time intervals and duration of each geologic time scale has a vast difference than today. It did not comprised of day, hours and minutes. The geologic time scale rather consists of eon, era, period and epoch. Eon refers to the largest time intervals, era refers to the sub divisions of eon, period refers to the subdivision of era and epoch refers to the most finest subdivision of time of the geological time scale.
Through the below discussion of the geological time scale, we will come to know the massive transformation that the earth took several million years ago till today.
The eras, period and epoch of geological time scale
1. Precambrian era - This is the oldest era of the geological time scale. The duration of this era is 4600 million years. The rocks are igneous and metamorphic in nature, which are complex. The climatic conditions is hot and broken down by series of ice ages. Sea weeds are the form of vegetation. Life originated in the warm seas and not on land.
2. Paleozoic era - The duration of this era is 370 million years i.e, it ranged from 600 to 230 million years. The major orogeniesare the Calcdonian in the lower Paleozoic and Variscan in the upper Paleozoic.The lower Paleozoic era is comprised of the Cambrian, Ordovician and Silurian systems, and the upper Paleozoic era comprise of Davonian, Carboniferous and Permian systems.
(a)Cambrian period - The duration of this period is 70 million years i.e, it started 570 million years ago. The word Cambrian came from Cambria which is the Latin name of Wales. This period was characterized by shallow seas which covered much of the earth. Cambrian rocks are found in Wales, north-west Scotland and western England. There was volcanic activity in Europe but no evidence of mountain building. The climatic conditions were moderately warm and equable, plant life was confined to sea, major invertebrates evolved and there was no life on land.
(b) Ordovician period - The duration of this period is 65 million years i.e, it ranged from 500 to 435 million years. The word Ordovician had been named after the Ordovices which is an ancient Celtic tribe of central Wales. There was widespread vulcanicity and the onset of Caledonian orogeny. The rocks have been found not only in Wales but also in parts of North America and north-west Europe. The climatic conditions were warm, plant life was confined to sea, vertebrates appeared and there was no life on land.
(c) Silurian period - The duration of this period is 40 million years i.e, it ranged from 435 to 395 million years. The word Silurian had been named after Silures, which is an ancient Celtic tribe of the Wales. The level of seas tended to rise and fall, causing regular changes in the land areas. Silurian rocks are found in Shropshire, Baltic region and Niagara Falla. There is less volcanic activity in this period. The climatic conditions were warm and equable. Plants first appeared on land but were leafless. New species of vertebrates were developed in the sea.
(d) Devonian period - The duration of this period is 50 million years i.e, it ranged from 395 to 345 million years. The word Devonian had been named after the country of Devon in south-west England. The land area increased at the expense of sea. Mountain building and volcanic activity was extensive. Old red sandstone of Europe developed during this period. The climatic conditions was warm and semi-arid. Plants with roots, stems and leaves evolved. There was rapid evolution of vertebrate animals and sharks. This period was known as the 'Age of Fish.'
(e) Carboniferous period - The duration of this period is 65 million years i.e, it ranged from 345 to 280 million years. The word Carboniferous was named from the widespread occurrence of carbon. This period was known as the 'Coal Age.' Carboniferous rocks are divided into Pennsylvanian and Mississippian. Clear, shallow seas were widespread and parts of Europe and Russia were under water. Sea beds began to rise. The climatic conditions were dry but in some areas it was moist. Evergreen trees flourished that measured up to 33 meters. Both plants and animals developed in varieties. The reptiles were first to be developed on land.
(f) Permian period - The duration of this period is 55 million years i.e, it ranged from 280 to 225 million years. This period was named after the province of Perm in Russia. Lofty mountains formed in Europe, Asia and eastern USA. The climatic conditions was arid with warm zones in Northern hemisphere and ice ages in Southern hemisphere. Evergreen plants reduced due to climatic variations. Marine creatures ended as animal and plant life on land increased. This period ended the Paleozoic era.
3. Mesozoic era - The duration of this era ranged from 250 to 65 million years. Giant reptiles and mammals appeared for the first time. This era can be classified into Triassic,Jurassic and Cretaceous.
(a) Triassic period - The duration of this period is 32 million years i.e,it ranged from 225 to 195 million years. This period has been named after the three fold mountain in Germany. There was formation of marl and sandstone deposits in the warm seas. The climatic conditions were hot, dry wet in some areas. The first carnivores, fish shaped reptiles and flying fish evolved.
(b) Jurassic period - The duration of this period is 60 million years i.e, it ranged from 195 to 135 million years. This period was named after the Jura mountains of France by Humboldt in 1795. The seas advanced and most land areas consisted of forests or swampy plains with lakes and meandering rivers. The climatic conditions was mild and also sufficient rainfall to support vegetation. Flowers evolved for the first time. Reptiles got increased in size and birds evolved feathers.
(c) Cretaceous period - The duration of this period is 72 million years i.e, it ranged from 136 to 64 million years. This period was named after the Greek word Creta which means chalk. The rivers started flowing slowly and formed deltas. The climatic conditions was mild due to which vegetation grew abundantly as Greenland. Australia was covered with glaciers. Deciduous trees and turtles developed. Dinosaurs came to an extinct.
4. Cainozoic era - The duration of this era is 63 million years i.e it ranged from 65 to 2 million years. It is divided into Palaeocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene, Pleistocene and Holocene epochs.
(a) Paleocene epoch - It started 60 million years ago, which lasted for 27 million years. Mountain ranges in Cretaceous period continued to grow. Volcanic activity led to the formation of the Atlantic and Indian oceans. Deciduous trees were dominant. The climatic conditions was warm. Modern mammals like ancestors of elephants, rhinoceros, pig, cattle etc evolved.
(b) Oligocene epoch - It started 38 million years ago, which lasted for 12 million years. The Alps began to form. Grass eating animals increased due to the spread of grasslands. The ancestors of cats, dogs and also ancestors of man evolved.
(c) Miocene epoch - It started 26 million years ago, which lasted for 19 million years. The Mediterranean sea became landlocked ocean. Increased rainfall led to erosion in some parts of European and Asian landmasses that were joined together. Powerful earth movements led to the complete formation of Alps and Himalayas. Sharks and elephants grew in size.
(d) Pliocene epoch - It started 7 million years ago, which lasted for 5 million years. Continents and oceans took their present form. The North sea, Black sea, Caspian sea and the sea of Aral was formed. Giant sharks became extinct.
(e) Pleistocene epoch - It started 2 million years ago. Ice sheets and glaciers covered most of Europe, America, Antarctica and the Himalayas. There was abnormal climatic changes. Ape like creatures developed enough intelligence to make stone implements. Primitive man spread to Asia and Europe. True elephants, horses and oxen appeared for the first time.
(f) Holocene epoch - It started 10 thousands years ago of the geological time scale. The ice continued to spread, causing the sea level to rise further. The climatic conditions became more equable. Deserts in North Africa and Middle East came into existence due to dryness. Man learned to domesticate animals and cultivate plants.
Thus, we came to know that the geological time scale started 4600 million years ago. We got to know the different names that each duration of the geological time scale consisted. This geologic time scale divided the time duration of the earth's history into eon, era, period and epoch, probably in the descending manner. The earth's history took an extensive and massive transformation. Each and every bit of our surrounding and even we, is the only outcome of the of the geologic time scale. We can say that the geological time scale is the most extensive time interval of the earth's history.
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Time for a New One?
4/6/13 Update - FOURTEEN employers will be hiring laterals, new attorneys, and/or interns at the Expo. See list below.
JOBS. JOBS. JOBS. It's the biggest need of our young lawyers and law students. In response, BALIF has put together our very first CAREER & NETWORKING EXPO. Join BALIF attorneys and legal hiring experts for this unprecedented BALIF event to help you nail down that job.
If you're on the job hunt, these four hours are your wisest investment. RSVP now!
Registration is on the second floor lobby.
PANEL: "Power Networking". Let BALIF members who found their jobs through networking show you how to do it.
PANEL: "Navigating the Legal Spectrum". Haven't decided what area of law you want to pursue? Come sample a bit of everything to help you decide.
Latest update -- TWELVE employers (and counting) will be hiring attorneys and interns at the Expo.
Put to practice the skills you've learned all day at the Sedgwick Networking Mixer at RN74 (Mission St. & Beale).
4/4/13 Update - FOURTEEN employers will be hiring laterals, new attorneys, and/or interns at the Expo (indicated by ** below).


New Horizons Chiropractic is dedicated to getting you back to being pain free and fully functioning so you can be active at home, at play, and at work. Personalized service is important to us and we will work with you to help you reach your treatment goals. Call us to find out more and to schedule your appointment today!
Horizon Chiropractic is committed to bringing you the highest standard of chiropractic care. We would love to talk to you. Please call 605-371-8646 to schedule an appointment.
Personalized service is important to us and we will work with you to help you reach your treatment goals.


Archive by Category "Events in Dumna"
JSCL invites you for cycling experience amidst the wilderness of Dumna Nature Reserve.
Come Join us and have the experience of adventure in between nature amongst the wild wood, enjoy the natural scenic and exploring your own physical power.
Please note: Participants must have to carry their own Bicycle; organizer will not provide any bicycle to anyone.