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Paper 106 - Session title: Lightning Talks
17:32 3D Cave Mapping Applied to the "CAVES" and "PANGAEA" ESA Programs
Santagata, Tommaso (1); Sauro, Francesco (1,2); De Waele, Jo (1,2); Bessone, Loredana (3) 1: La Venta Esplorazioni Geografiche, Italy; 2: Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna; 3: Directorate of Human Space Flight and Operations, European Space Agency, Linder Höhe, 51147 Köln, Germany
The PANGAEA (Planetary Analogue Geological and Astrobiological Exercise for Astronauts) and CAVES (Cooperative Adventure for Valuing and Exercising human behaviour and performance Skills) ESA training courses are designed to prepare European astronauts to become effective partners of planetary scientists and engeneers in designing for the next exploration missions and to give them a solid knoweledge in the geology of the solar system studying several caves, especially lava tubes, through geolgical field training courses and tests of new technologies. In recent years we have seen a remarkable developments of 3D mapping methods for cave surveys as cameras and softwares for digital photogrammetric and instruments as laser scanning or mobile mapping tools. During the 2016 CAVES training course in Sardinia (Italy), photogrammetry has been widely used in order to give astronauts a basic knoweledge of this 3D mapping technique and as a toll that can be used for documenting the surfaces of other planets during field geology activities. Photogrammetry allows to acquire metric data through the acquisition and analysis of a couple of frames that can be obtained using standard digital cameras. In 2017, laser scanning and UAV'S (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) photogrammetry will be used during the PANGEA course to test new instruments to obtain 3D maps of the Corona lava tube on the Canarian island of Lanzarote (Spain) with the goal to realize virtual models that can be used to test rovers and to plan future space analogue missions. In both cases, the 3D models realized with photogrammetric and laser scanning technologies were subsequently analysed to obtain information about size, volume, shapes and morphologies of the detected surfaces. The aim of this work is to describe methods and technologies used during these tests and the results obtained.
17:35 A set of Software Tools supporting EO Satellites for Orbit and Instrument Swath Coverage
Pinol Sole, Montserrat; Zundo, Michele ESA/ESTEC, Netherlands, The
This paper presents the software applications for satellite orbit and instrument swath visualization distributed by the ESA-ESTEC EOP System Support Division to users part of the ESA Earth Observation Earth Explorer and Copernicus satellites community. The ESOV NG [REF 1] and EOMER [REF 2]) software applications can be used to perform mission analysis activities related to instrument swath coverage over regions of interest and ground station contact. These tools can and have been used in the preparatory feasibility studies (e.g. to analyse coverage and revisit time), to support downlink and ground station visibility analysis as well as support to Calibration and Validation activities e.g. to plan on-ground campaigns during satellite commissioning or scheduling of ground transponders. The Earth observation Swath and Orbit Visualization (ESOV NG) is a 2D orbit and swath visualization application, delivered with a predefined set of missions (Aeolus, Biomass, Cryosat , EarthCARE, MetOp-SG, Sentinel 1, 2, 3, 5p, 6, SMOS, SWARM), although it is possible to configure user-defined satellites. This tool is multi-platform, available for Mac OS X, Linux and Windows. EOMER (Earth Observation Mission Evaluation and Representation) is a Windows application for multi-satellite and swath visualization in 2D/3D, tailored to ESA Earth Observation missions (currently supporting Aeolus, Biomass, MetOp-SG, Sentinel 1, 2, 3, 5p). Both ESOV NG and EOMER applications allow the user to visualize satellite orbit ground-tracks and instrument swaths, and to calculate ground station visibility passes, times of overpass a given ground point and times when an instrument swath overlaps with a given region of interest. Regarding this last point, a dedicated command line executable program (ZoneOverPass [REF 3]) is available to obtain overpass tables of a given satellite ground-track or instrument swath over an area of interest. Finding opportunities of observations over a given area may be useful to search relevant time-tagged products or plan future on-ground campaigns. Further exploiting these features, the InstrCollocation tool [REF 3] provides a mechanism to identify collocation opportunities between two different instruments. It would benefit users involved in instrument calibration activities or interested in combining data from different types of products, acquired over the same geographical area within a given period of time between observations. The output information produced by the ZoneOverPass and InstrCollocation tools are provided in both tabular and graphical formats. The coherence and accuracy of the orbital and geometrical calculations within ESOV NG application and the ZoneOverPass and InstrCollocation tools is ensured by the use of embedded Earth Observation CFI Software libraries (EOCFI SW). The libraries are used to obtain orbit ground-track, instrument swath, time passes over selected area of interest or ground. The EOMER application instead makes use of the SatX and GanttX components developed by Taitus to support respectively the orbital calculations and its timeline visualisation. The use of common interfaces (orbit files, swath files, SCF segments export format from ESOV NG, KML Google Earth) is a key point to facilitate sharing the input data and the comparison of the output results across the various software applications. REFERENCES [REF 1] ESOV website: http://eop-cfi.esa.int/index.php/applications/esov [REF 2] EOMER website: http://eop-cfi.esa.int/index.php/applications/eomer [REF 3] ZONE_OVERPASS / INSTRUMENT_COLLOCATION website: http://eop-cfi.esa.int/index.php/applications/tools
17:17 EarthStartsBeating: an innovative Earth Observation divulgation project
Palumbo, Giovanna; Tarchini, Salvatore; Cerreti, Fiammetta; Cadau, Enrico Giuseppe; Iannone, Rosario Quirino; Marino`, Fernando SerCo S.p.a, Italy
This abstract proposes and describes a project aimed at the divulgation of scientific topics, mainly written for a non-expert audience. The outreach activities are performed through the writing of articles published on a website named EarthStartsBeating (https://earthstartsbeating.com/) and launched since early 2015. In line with the Copernicus free and open data access idea, EarthStartsBeating is intended to present and promote the multiple exploitation areas of the Copernicus Sentinels Earth Observation (EO) data, reaching the far-end users, i.e. the European citizens, drawing their attention to a broader usage of Earth Observation data. The proposed articles cover therefore various scientific disciplines and simple curiosities about the Earth natural/human processes through a weekly publication of Sentinels' eye-catching products elaborations. The publication of EO images fosters the understanding of subjects such as geological and atmospheric phenomena, including also the anthropic changes caused by the human activities. The main goal of the contributors is thus to work on communication and storytelling, approaching the information with a direct and simple style without neglecting the main scientific principles of the Remote Sensing. EarthStartsBeating website is structured in four thematic sections: • The 'Sentinels' section, which shows EO images of natural and anthropic phenomena, following the most significant events occurring throughout the Earth. The relevant material is then classified by three tags corresponding to the name of the Sentinels data exploited for the elaborations (i.e. Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2, and Sentinel-3). In this section, events like hurricanes, floods, forest fires, volcano eruptions are treated. • The 'Exploration' section is meant to re-experience the paths of the various historical explorers thanks to the eyes of the Sentinels. The first story tells about some stages of James Cook's first journey that led to the exploration and discovery of a great part of the South Pacific Ocean and Australia. • The 'Expert User' section is a more technical area where simple and basic scripts written in java/python where technical articles about the elaboration of EO images are reported. • The 'Interesting facts' section collects analysis done with data coming mainly from ESA not-Sentinels missions like PROBA-V. We present some examples of the main exposed themes, demonstrating that the proposed website represents an attractive tool not only for gathering information but also for the development of a forum in which to discuss the most relevant aspects linked to our Planet.
16:50 Complex SAR Data Processing For Evaluation Of Environmental Changes
Frasheri, Neki; Beqiraj, Gudar; Bushati, Salvatore Academy of Sciences of Albania, Albania
Past experiments with Sentinel-1 interferograms applied in PreAdriatic Depression area in Albania gave some intriguing results, characterized by lack of fringes in southern part and dominance of fringes in northern part but from images with 12 days if difference. Such results indicated a strong impact of land coverage in interferograms, making difficult the evaluation of possible subsidence in beaches of Adriatic Sea. In this paper we present results from Sentinel-1 interferograms based on different polarisations and comparison with land coverage features obtained from combination of coherence, intensity averages and intensity differences. Results show a strong impact of land coverage spatial and temporal variations, as well as new information on subsidence areas. Processing of Sentinel-1 images was done with ESA's SNAP software, post-processing of resulting images with GIMP, appliicable in framework of citizen science as well.
17:38 Virtual Exploitation Environment Demonstration for Atmospheric Missions
Natali, Stefano (1); Mantovani, Simone (1); Santillan, Daniel (2); Triebnig, Gerhard (2); Hirtl, Marcus (3); Lopes, Cristiano (4) 1: SISTEMA gmbH, Austria; 2: EOX IT Services GmbH, Austria; 3: Zentralanstalt für Meteorologie und Geodynamik, Austria; 4: ESA ESRIN, Italy
The scientific and industrial communities are being confronted with a strong increase of Earth Observation (EO) satellite missions and related data. This is in particular the case for the Atmospheric Sciences communities, with the upcoming Copernicus Sentinel-5 Precursor, Sentinel-4, -5 and -3, and ESA's Earth Explorers scientific satellites ADM-Aeolus and EarthCARE. The challenge is not only to manage the large volume of data generated by each mission / sensor, but to allow users to analyze the data streams in near-real-time and for long term monitoring tasks. Creating synergies among the different datasets will be key to exploit the full potential of the available information. As a preparation activity supporting scientific data exploitation for Earth Explorer and Sentinel atmospheric missions, ESA funded the "Technology and Atmospheric Mission Platform" (TAMP) [1] [2] project, with the twofold aim of demonstrating (1) that multiple data sources (satellite-based data, numerical model data and ground measurements) can be simultaneously exploited by users (mainly scientists), and (2) that a fully virtualized environment (Virtual Research Environment, VRE) that allows avoiding downloading all data locally, and retrieving only the processing results is the optimal solution. With the "Virtual Exploitation Environment Demonstration for Atmospheric Missions" (VEEDAM) project, the concept of VRE is further extended: a Jupyter notebook interface has been deployed aside of the data, providing the users with all data access and processing tools already available within the TAMP platform as libraries for further exploitation; thus the user can exploit the potentialities of the platform, including the freedom of writing and running own code directly on the VRE; moreover the user has the possibility to interact with other existing VREs using external data and processing resources. Finally the interactive 3D visualization capabilities of TAMP have been further evolved providing geographic (latitude, longitude, height) slicing capabilities. This interactive poster presents the VEEDAM capabilities, allowing the attendants of EO Science 2.0 to directly experience both the data visualization and exploitation potentialities of TAMP. [1] TAMP platform landing page http://vtpip.zamg.ac.at/ [2] TAMP introductory video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xWiy8h1oXQY
17:20 EO with Sentinel2A: a school-work path way experience
Amici, Stefania (1); Stelitano, Dario (1); D'addezio, Giuliana (1); Vento, Paola (2); Acocella, Francesca (2); Giorgetti, Giorgio (2); Rocchi, Giorgia (2); Sbrenni, Eleonora (2); Serenellini, Luca (2) 1: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia; 2: Liceo Scientifico Stanislao Cannizzaro
School path way experience known as alternanza scuola-lavoro (ASL) is an innovative learning-teaching module at Italian college schools. As detailed within the "Good School" law ( La Buona Scuola 107- 2015) it is aligned with the principle of open school. The idea is to anticipate the contact of students with working world providing them new skills and directions for future work choices within a sort of internship project with a private or public body. In this context Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia offers a list of projects within geophysical application. For the first time, researchers from INGV wanted to challenge college students on Remote Sensing to test their response and potential receptivity. The project, titled "Earth Observation with satellite: the case of burn areas" was selected by five students, here co-authoring, from Liceo Scientifico Cannizzaro in Rome. The school-work path way experience has been hold at INGV in Rome for a total of 40 hours (contact and not contact) during which the students have been guided to how to: • identify a problem • create an initial research questions • establish basic theoretical knowledge on satellite remote sensing • identify the algorithms suitable for solving the problem • select the satellite data (Sentinel2A) and the process tool (SNAP) • analyze and interpret data producing a scientific report As test case, two poorly characterized wildfires occurred in the area of Aidomaggiore (on 02 July 2016) , and Scano di Montiferro (on 24 August 2016 ) Sardinia Italy were selected. Images acquired by Seninel2A over the area were selected and used to produce NDVI and NBR map at 20m spatial resolution. The results have been summarized by students in a scientific report. Both students and researchers and professor as well considered the experience very positive and perhaps we have initiated the concept that "Junior Remote Sensing specialist" can be potentially extended to college students
16:53 Trend analysis of vegetation index in different land use land cover (Case study: Iran).
Fakharizadehshirazi, Elham (1,2); Sabziparvar, Ali akbar (2); Sodoudi, Sahar (1); Fallah hasanabadi, Bijan (1) 1: Free university of Berlin, Germany; 2: Bu-Ali Sina University,Iran
Vegetation Is an Essential Element of the Land Surface System That Links Climate Change. Both Environmental and Anthropogenic Factors Are Effected on Vegetation Dynamics. There Are Several Remote Sensing Indices for Indicating Vegetation. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Is a Common and Widely Used Index. NDVI Is Highly Sensitive to Ecosystem Conditions; Therefore, It Can Be Representative of Detecting Changes in Vegetation Activity. The Visible and near Infrared Bands on the Satellite Multi Spectral Sensors Have Monitored the Greenness of Vegetation. In This Research, We Present the Trend Analyses of 31 Years (1982-2012) Remote Sensing Vegetation Index Based on Long-term Time Series of NDVI Observation from the Global Inventory Modelling and Mapping Studies (GIMMS) Group Derived from NOAA AVHRR Imagery With 0.08 Degree Spatial Resolution over Iran (40 T0 65 East, 25- 45 North). Iran Has a Dry Climate Characterized by Long, Hot and Dry Summers. NDVI Has a Strong Seasonal Cycle, and in This Research, We Only Used the Mean Growth Season NDVI. We Depict Greening (NDVI Increase) and Browning (NDVI Decrease) Regions. NDVI, an Indicator of Vegetation Growth and Coverage, Has Been Described the Characteristics of Land Use and Land Cover. In This Research, We Also Have Investigated NDVI Changes in Different Land Use Land Cover to Find out the Relationship Between Land Use Land Cover and NDVI Trend. The Existence of Positive Autocorrelation in the Time Series Increases the Probability of Detecting Trends When Actually None Exist, and vice Versa. In This Study, the Effect of Autocorrelation on the Variance of the Mann-Kendall Trend Test Statistic Is Considered, Therefore We Have Used Modified Man-Kendall Method to Do Trend Analyses. According to the Results, Almost Regions Have Negative NDVI Trend and It Is Harmonic with Land Use Land Cover in Some Cases.
16:59 Crustal structure beneath Mt Cameroon region derived from gravity data
Ngatchou Heutchi, Evariste University of Yaounde 1, Cameroon
In the present study, gravity information is available for improving the understanding of the crustal structure and its relationship to regional tectonics environment beneath the large volcanic system called Mt Cameroon. The multi-scale wavelet analysis method is applied to separate the gravity fields. The logarithmic power spectrum method is used to estimate different depths of the gravity field source. The results show that the crustal structure is very complicated beneath Mt Cameroon area with the crustal density exhibiting lateral inhomogeneity. The lateral discontinuities of density structure causes undulations of the gravity anomaly field whose complexity can be an indicator of past crustal instability. The Buea-Tiko region appears to be the most tectonic active zone in the Mt Cameroon area. The upper and middle crusts consist of many small-scale faults, uplifts and depressions. In the lower crust, these small-scale tectonic units disappear gradually, and replaced by large-scale units. The gravity anomalies in upper and middle crusts are correlated with geological and topographic features on the surface. Compared with the crust, the structure is relatively simple in uppermost mantle. The earthquakes occurred predominantly in upper and middle crusts, their epicenters are limited in transitional regions between high gravity anomaly and low gravity anomaly. The earthquake occurrence as well as complicated gravity behavior may be related to the Upwelling of high density magmatic materials and asthenosphere heat flow materials beneath Mt Cameroon. The overall results, in a good agreement with previous findings, show the performance of the wavelet-based filter in the possibility of getting a multi-resolution analysis and the study of structures using gravity data.
17:02 Deep Learning Techniques For The Information Extraction From Large Earth Observation Data
Licciardi, Giorgio (1,2); Dalla Mura, Mauro (2); Chanussot, Jocelyn (2,3) 1: Research Consortium Hypatia, Italy; 2: Gipsa Lab Grenoble, France; 3: University of Iceland, Iceland
Creation of valuable content from large and growing volume of EO derived data is a challenge for Research organizations, governments and companies. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature for the information-extraction from EO data, among which Deep learning (DL) algorithms have recently become a hotspot in the machine-learning area and have been introduced into the geoscience and remote sensing (RS) community for RS big data analysis. With the term Deep Learning is intended a set of machine learning systems (usually neural networks) with multiple layers. Deep learning involves a class of models, which try to hierarchically learn deep features of input data with very deep neural networks, typically deeper than three layers. The network is first layer-wise initialized via unsupervised training and then tuned in a supervised manner. In this scheme, high-level features can be learned from low-level ones, whereas the proper features can be formulated for pattern classification in the end. Thus, the use of more than three layers permits to extract more abstract, invariant features of data, and have been shown to yield promising performance in many fields of remote sensing including classification or regression tasks. By analyzing the practical demands in Earth Observation applications, in this paper we show how the use of deep learning approaches can be used anywhere in remote sensing analysis: from pre-processing to the recent challenging tasks of high-level semantic feature extraction and RS scene understanding. Different examples showing the use of DL techniques applied to different stages of EO data processing will be presented. In a first example, it will be shown an application for the spectral compression and the noise suppression of hyperspectral images [1][2]. Then, an example of how the DL can extract relevant information from data acquired from different sensors will be presented [3][4]. Finally, a large time-series dataset of meteorological images is processed with DL in order to extract relevant features [5]. REFERENCES [1] G. Licciardi, J. Chanussot, A. Piscini, "Spectral compression of hyperspectral images by means of nonlinear principal component analysis decorrelation", ICIP 2014, 27-30 october 2014, Paris, France. [2] G. Licciardi, J. Chanussot, 'Nonlinear PCA for visible and thermal hyperspectral image quality enhancement", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 12, issue 6, pages 1228-1231. 2015. [3] G. Licciardi, M. M. Khan, J. Chanussot, A. Montanvert, L. Condat, C. Jutten, "Fusion of hyperspectral and panchromatic images using multiresolution analysis and nonlinear PCA band reduction", EURASIP Journal of Advances in Signal Processing, 2012, 2012:207 [4] G. Licciardi, R. G. Avezzano, F. Del Frate, G. Schiavon, J. Chanussot "A Novel Approach to Polarimetric SAR Data Procesing Based on Nonlinear PCA". Pattern Recognition, Volume 47, issue 5, pp: 1953-1967, 2014. [5] G. A. Licciardi, R. Dambreville , J. Chanussot, S. Dubost "Spatio-temporal pattern recognition and nonlinear PCA for global horizontal irradiance forecasting", IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, Volume 12, issue 2, pages 284-288, 2014.
17:05 Contribution of the New satellites (Sentinel-1, Sentinel-2 and SPOT-6) to the Coastal Vegetation Monitoring in the Pays de Brest (France).
Talab Ou Ali, Halima; Niculescu, Simona LETG UBO, France
The significant economic, societal and environmental changes that have occurred worldwide and at different regional levels account for the strong interest that scientists are currently showing in issues related to coastal land cover changes. The intense urban extension, the development of its related infrastructures and town planning, the deep transformations of agricultural practices and the increasingly intensive farming and exploitation of natural resources have all led to considerable changes in the coastal ecosystems. Our paper aims mainly at finding a methodological solution applicable for the processing of several heterogeneous coastal ecosystem parameters, which would allow their description in their full complexity. This complexity is the result of both local variations of ecological conditions and different anthropogenic factors having direct and indirect influences on plant communities' dynamics of these ecosystems. Although understanding the dynamics which governs the changes occurring in these "patchwork" areas is still a difficult task (natural evolution of plant communities, human activities,…), we begin our paper by an interferogram calculation method of the main types of vegetation to achieve the coherence of a multi-temporal Sentinel-1 radar image series, in SLC format (C band, VV and VH polarization), between 2015 and 2016. We then proceed to calculating radar backscatter coefficient based on Sentinel-1 images in GRD format. The approach adopted relies on analysis of relations between state of different vegetation ecosystems and radar response, while establishing a link between the physical coherence responses and backscatter coefficients with the vegetation parameters (phenology, structure…) along with soil humidity due to precipitations. Assuming that backscatter coefficient may be considered suggestive of degree of vegetation development and of its various phenological stages, we were thus able to determine the different temporal patterns of the various classes of coastal vegetation. In addition to the spectral and spatial dimensions, the time component is a priceless source of information in terms of plant resource monitoring and management and land cover dynamics follow-up. Our study of radar image series collected especially during the growth stage enables us to improve the recognition of the main types of vegetation by relying on the temporal dynamics of the various classes of vegetation. The temporal analyses have proven that there is not only one date which would allow a satisfactory characterization of all vegetation classes. The temporal dimension, represented by the seasonal dynamic, is thus a vital component of any thorough inventory and analysis of the coastal vegetation ecosystems. A combination of coherence and intensity images complements the Sentinel-1 radar image processing, since the use of the two images may be employed for land cover classification. Second, our findings concern combinations of data collected and recorded by Sentinel- 1 using different optical satellite sensors (Sentinel-2 and Spot-6) to improve the accuracy of recognition and mapping of the main classes of vegetation in the Pays de Brest, going as plant formation. For this first stage, the findings show average accuracy levels for SPOT-6 and Sentinel-2 image classification. Furthermore, the combination of the three types of data insures excellent multi-sensor classification accuracy (higher than 92%).
17:08 Evaluation of multi-source Earth Observation data exploitation for monitoring intensive crop farming.
Arcorace, Mauro; Delgado Blasco, Jose Manuel; Cuccu, Roberto; Sabatino, Giovanni; Rivolta, Giancarlo Progressive Systems Srl, Parco Scientifico di Tor Vergata, 00133, Rome, Italy
The exploitation of satellite Earth Observation (EO) data has already played key roles in the agricultural sector where remote sensing contributions are traditionally strong. EO data can be used in fact to monitor fields in the cropping season, to estimate crop production loss due to drought or excessive rainfall, to estimate the humidity of the soil, to identify change in type of vegetation and to monitor deforestation. In this domain, we are exploring new capabilities on multi-source EO data exploitation for precise farming applications. The main goal of this applied research is to build a dedicated and customizable portfolio of services that can be easily adopted by private or public sector stakeholders to support agricultural needs at local scale. Having a versatile EO-based agricultural monitoring service in place would be, in fact, a key instrument to provide valuable and reliable information on crop conditions, promote the use of EO data within the industry, address crop field monitoring needs over extensive rural areas and guide local stakeholders to identify yield and production losses. A preliminary study over selected sites in Italy has been carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of prototypical tools for agricultural monitoring. In particular, in order to evaluate the applicability of remotely sensed indicators to enable cost reduction of agricultural activities, multiple investigations have been performed over different types of crop field. Thanks to the Google Earth Engine cloud-based platform, the information derived from Earth Observations, such as multi sensor (e.g. Sentinel-2, Landsat-8, ProbaV) low and medium resolution time series analysis, have been used to monitor crop growth dynamics and to better understand environmental behaviours meaningful for agriculture. First results, have been shown that by means of these satellite based measurements it is possible to identify a correlation with the crop season of different cultivation fields and to analyse other relevant features. For example, thanks to an integrated analysis of vegetation and water indexes, it is possible to assess crop field status and to estimate harvesting period and annual irrigation schedule. Furthermore, multi temporal remote sensed surface temperature analysis, retrieved from Landsat 8 Thermal Infrared (TIRS) are also useful to identify seasonal temperature fluctuation across the years. Besides creating value for the farmers, such a type of analysis can be used for other purposes as well, e.g. for measuring economic loss in case of disaster events. Precise farming is expected to be widely adopted by the agricultural community in the near future, as the continuously growing remote sensing data sources (satellite, UAV) and ground observations will enable the development of new ad-hoc services. This work is intended to pave the way towards future implementations of support services for agricultural industry and farmers, providing a wide range of satellite-derived indicators for precise farming applications, such as crop disease identification, pollution monitoring, soil mapping and yield prediction. The results derived from this study are expected to provide supportive evidence of the potential value of the envisioned support services for local-scale applications.
17:23 High School Students and Sentinels' Data: Our Experiment
Liberti, Gian Luigi (1); Ciotoli, Elisa (2); Bilhac, Marius (2); Liberti, Juliette (3); Capannolo, Edoardo (2); Ciobano, Rafaela (2); Picone, Massimiliano (2) 1: ISAC-CNR, Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100, I-00133, Rome, Italy; 2: Liceo Scientifico Statale "Louis Pasteur" V. Giuseppe Barellai, 130 - 00135 Rome, Italy; 3: Liceo Scientifico Statale "Isacco Newton" V.le Manzoni 47, 00185 Roma
Within the frame of the recent introduction (Alternanza Scuola Lavoro www.istruzione.it/alternanza/index.shtml) in the Italian public school system of compulsory stages in private and public enterprises, the possibility that high school students could contribute actively to a scientific project was explored. About 30 high school students from the 3rd and 4th year (roughly 16-18 years old) from two Scientific High Schools in Rome, "Louis Pasteur" (www.liceopasteur.it) and "Isacco Netwon" (www.liceonewtonroma.gov.it), were involved in different phases of a study performed at the Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the Italian National Research Council (ISAC-CNR www.isac.cnr.it). The study was done in response to the ITT Sea-ice cloud screening for Copernicus Sentinel-3 Sea and Land Surface Temperature Radiometer issued by EUMETSAT. The project required to produce Probability Density Functions (PDF) for a three classes (Clear Sky/Cloud/Sea Ice) Bayesian classification of the Sentinel 3 SLSTR data over polar oceans. Student were involved mainly in two different job tasks: first, they were asked to organize a set of relevant reviewed literature, about 140 among journal articles, Technical Reports and Algorithm Theoretical Basis Documents (ATBD), and to summarize the main information used for cloud-sea ice detection from previous studies. Secondly, their contribution consisted in selecting and documenting study cases, used as a reference dataset for validation and tuning of the PDF's in different phases of their development. Job Organization: Different approaches for the job organization were tested, such as not only a tutor vs. students formation, but also a peer-to-peer one. The students had the possibility to work and to develop their abilities both at the work place and remotely (their school or their houses). Even if they could also work far from the tutor, there was an intense exchange of information. The study cases' selection was based on the use of these tools: SNAP (step.esa.int), a Cloud area to share results and data, Microsoft Office. This required the students to become familiar with them. As far as SNAP is concerned, they learnt how to manage it mostly taking advantage of the online tutorials. Earth Observation (EO) data used in this project were Sentinel-3(A) SLSTR L1 (scihub.copernicus.eu) data and daily sea ice 1 km concentration charts (SEAICE_ARC_SEAICE_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_011_002), based mainly on observations from SAR, including the one on board of Sentinel 1. Furthermore, some examples of obtained results will be shown and discussed. Some difficulties emerged during the time the project was carried out. They were not due to the tools or to the EO data but mostly to the novelty of the situation the students had to face. Their scholastic background revealed itself to be less important than a constructive attitude aimed at an efficient way to manage time and resources. In particular, the inability to, adequately, report the work done and to respect deadlines appeared as common weaknesses. Both students and project's gained benefits will be discussed.
17:44 Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam break scenario and expected effects over the archaeological sites
Elshobaki, Mohamed (1); Elfadaly, Abdelaziz (2) 1: Università degli Studi dell'Aquila-Italy; 2: Università degli Studi della Basilicata-Italy
The Nile River flows for 6,700 kilometres through ten countries in north-eastern Africa. It is classified as one of the longest river in the world. Two main tributaries supply the discharge of the Nile being the White, and the Blue Nile. The Blue Nile currently attracts more attentions due to the construction of the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam Project (GERDP). Large debate from the downstream countries (Egypt) has feared the consequences of such project. The GERDP left us with a huge concern in case of failure. Therefore, we provide a full numerical simulation based on the Shallow water mathematical model which solved by TELEMAC-2D provides the necessary water flow information in case of the Dam breaking. Satellite images data includes Sentinel1 and DEM data is used to supply the initial and boundary conditions of the simulations. Overall aim, the extracted simulation data are used to assess the potential impact of the GERDP failure on the archaeological area along the banks. Detect the expected environmental risks should supply the decision-makers with understandable information to protect the cultural heritage sites. Tsunami waves are expected.
17:11 Lena Delta Water Bodies Mapping And Level Heights Determination Based On Remote Sensing Data
Volynetc, Aleksandr St. Petersburg University, Russian Federation
Low-lying permafrost-dominated Arctic river deltas are particularly sensitive to climate variability. This sensitivity is dramatically expressed in landscapes changes because of permafrost degradation (thermokarst and thermoabrasion processes) and river-ocean interactions changes due to rivers run-off increase. As thawing of permafrost may lead to the release of great amount of green-house gases and acceleration of climate change, close monitoring of permafrost affected regions dynamics using remotely sensed data becomes a prominent instrument for analysis of climate variability. One of the main features of permafrost degradation is thermokarst - expressed in formation, growth, decreasing and vanishing of thermokarst lakes. Thus water objects quantity size and level change can be considered as important indicators for the water balance and for frozen ground mutability in corresponding areas. The region of interest of this study is situated in continuous permafrost zone Lena Delta, which is the largest delta in the Arctic region with an area exceeds 32 000 km². It includes about 60 000 lakes, most of them are impacted by thermokarst, and numerous branches of the Lena River. On the base of high resolution (5m) multi-year RapidEye satellite imagery was created a map of water bodies in the Lena Delta. The first step of mapping was preprocessing of satellite images, which includes atmospheric correction of obtained images, orthorectification and projection in geodetic coordinate system UTM 52N (zone of the eastern part of Lena delta) using software provided by PCI Geomatics. On the next step near-infrared channels of appropriate ones were superimposed on each other, with the condition based on suitable ground reflectance values, and a binary raster image of water bodies was obtained. Received raster was filtered using different methods to remove noises and then converted in vector scheme. Thus vector map of lakes and channels in the Lena Delta was obtained, which contains about 34 000 objects. This map was overlaid by footprints of laser altimeter on board of ICESat, provides an unprecedented set of global elevation measurements of the Earth, and water level heights of appropriate water bodies were estimated. As a result was received sufficiently detailed map of Lena Delta water objects with elevations of several lakes and inclinations of main river channels.
17:26 Communication Duration With Low Earth Orbiting Satellite
Gupta, Lalit Poornima Institute of Engineering and Technology Jaipur, India
Communication via satellite begins when the satellite is positioned in the desired orbital position. The satellite's coverage area on the Earth depends on orbital parameters. Ground stations can communicate with LEO (Low Earth Orbiting) satellites only when the satellite is in their visibility region. The duration of the visibility and so the communication duration varies for each satellite pass at the ground station. For low cost LEO satellite ground stations in urban environment it will be a big challenge to ensure communication down to the horizon. The communication at low elevation angles can be hindered through natural barriers or will be interfered by man made noise. This paper discusses the variations of the communication duration between the ground station and LEO satellites and investigates if it is useful to support low elevation passes. For this paper data recorded at the Vienna satellite ground station within the Canadian space observation project "MOST" (Micro variability and Oscillations of Stars) are applied.
17:14 Datacube Analytics for the Digital Earth: Challenges and Opportunities
Mantovani, Simone (1); Natali, Stefano (1); Barboni, Damiano (1); Steer, Adam (2); Evans, Ben (2); Hogan, Patrick (3); Baumann, Peter (4) 1: MEEO, Italy; 2: National Computational Infrastructure - The Australian National University, Australia; 3: NASA Ames Research Center, USA; 4: JACOBS University, Bremen, Germany
Recently, the term datacube is receiving increasing attention as it has the potential of greatly simplifying "Big Earth Data" services for users by providing massive spatio-temporal data in an analysis-ready way. The Datacube Manifesto [1] provides a concise, crisp definition of datacubes, based on the consolidated experience of project partners in datacube modeling (query languages, architectures, standards development, …) and in operation of Petascale datacube services at some of data centers worldwide. A number of datacube-aware platforms and services have emerged that enable a new collaborative approach for analysing the vast quantities of satellite imagery and other Earth Observations, making it quicker and easier to explore a time series of image data stored in global or regional datacubes. In this context, the European Space Agency and European Commission H2020-funded projects ([2], [3]) bring together multiple organisations in Europe, Australia and United States to allow federated data holdings to be analysed using web-based access to petabytes of multidimensional geospatial datasets. The aim is to create and ensure that these large spatial data sources can be accessed based on OGC Web Coverage Service (WCS) and Web Coverage Processing Service (WCPS) standards. Unlike Web Mapping Service (WMS) which returns spatial data as an image or 'static map', WC(P)S returns data in its raw form, with its original semantics enabling further data processing or the building of web applications, while at the same time the data volume transferred is minimised. WCS provides access to the full range of geospatial data served from a web server and allows for requesting only a subset of the data. A WCS supports slice and trim operations, where either the data dimension (slice) or the data extent (trim) is reduced. WCPS is an extension of the WCS 2.0 core specification and allows the user to craft queries to be run on the data using a text based query language, similar to SQL. This allows the user to not only limit the data transfer to the area they are interested in, but also web-based, on-demand data processing. In this study, we provide an overview of the existing datacubes (EarthServer-2 datacubes, Sentinel Datacube, European and Australian Landsat Datacubes, …), how the regional datacube structures differ, how interoperability is enabled through standards, and finally how the datacubes can be visualized on a virtual globe (ESA-NASA WebWorldWind) based on a WC(P)S query via any standard internet browser. The current study is co-financed by the European Space Agency under the MaaS project (ESRIN Contract No. 4000114186/15/I-LG) and the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the EarthServer-2 project (Grant Agreement No. 654367). [1] The Datacube Manifesto (http://earthserver.eu/sites/default/files/upload_by_users/The-Datacube-Manifesto.pdf) [2] MEA as a Service (http://eodatacube.eu) [3] EarthServer-2 (http://www.earthserver.eu)
17:29 Earth Observation Projects for Maximum Education
Fortunato, Ronald (1); Hogan, Patrick (2) 1: Trillium Learning, USA; 2: NASA, United States of America
The World Bridge program integrates Earth observation technology to advance educational research as applied in the classroom. These projects dynamically design and implement Real-Time, Real-World Project-Based Learning into the local curriculum, and account for the classroom content needed to address academic standards. Three projects will be presented, all involving Earth observing web apps built entirely by students. One project involves the United Nation World Heritage sites that you can instantly zoom to and see in detail from a satellite view of the Earth. Another is a virtual globe web app for managing the water, sewer, power and road system for the city of Kodiak Alaska. Another project is a sophisticated monitoring system for measuring the Earth's magnetic field at 50Hz, at the nano-Gauss sensitivity for the x, y and z axes. The magnetic field has been show to become anomalous in the few days preceding an earthquake, measurable within a few hundred kilometers of the seismic hypo-center. This EO system is student designed, built and installed, and delivering data live via a virtual globe representing the exact location of the data. All of these Earth observing education projects are part of the World Bridge program, and entirely based on principles of open source and open data.
17:47 Crowdsourcing EO datasets to improve cloud detection algorithms and land cover change
Aleksandrov, Matej (1); Batič, Matej (1); Milčinski, Grega (1); See, Linda (2); Perger, Christoph (2); Moorthy, Inian (2); Fritz, Steffen (2) 1: Sinergise, Slovenia; 2: International Institute for Applied System Analysis (IIASA)
Involving citizens in science is gaining considerable traction of late. With positive examples (e.g. Geo-Wiki, FotoQuest Austria), a number of projects are exploring the options to engage the public in contributing to scientific research, often by asking participants to collect some data or validate some results. The International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), with extensive experience in crowdsourcing and gamification, has joined Sinergise, Copernicus Masters 2016 winners, to engage the public in an initiative involving ESA's Sentinel-2 satellite imagery. Sentinel-2 imagery offers high revisit times and sufficient resolution for land change detection applications. Unfortunately, simple (but fast) algorithms often fail due to many false-positives: changes in clouds are perceived as land changes. The ability to discriminate of cloudy pixels is thus crucial for any automatic or semi-automatic solutions that detect land change. A plethora of algorithms to distinguish clouds in Sentinel-2 data are available. However, there is a need for better data on where and when clouds occur to help improve these algorithms. To overcome this current gap in the data, we are engaging the public in this task. Using a number of tools, developed at IIASA, and Sentinel Hub services, which provide fast access to the entire global archive of Sentinel-2 data, the aim is to obtain a large data resource of curated cloud classifications. The resulting dataset will be published as open data and made available through Geopedia platform. The gamified process will start by asking users if there are clouds on a small image (e.g. 8x8 pixels at the highest Sentinel-2 resolution of 10 m/px), which will provide us with a screening process to pinpoint cloudy areas, employing Picture Pile crowdsourcing game from IIASA. The next step will involve a more detailed workflow, as users will get a slightly larger image (e.g. 64x64 pixels) and will then be asked to delineate different types of clouds: opaque clouds (nothing is seen through the clouds), thick clouds (where the surface is still discernible through the clouds), and thin clouds (where the surface is unequivocally covered by a cloud); the rest of the image will be implicitly cloud-free. The resulting data will be made available through the Geopedia portal, both for exploring and downloading. This paper will demonstrate this process and show some results from a crowdsourcing campaign. The approach will also allow us to collect other datasets in a rapid and efficient manner. For example, using a slightly modified configuration, a similar workflow could be used to obtain a manually curated land cover classification data set, which could be used as training data for machine learning algorithms.


Thin Blade heater elements provide more surface area than standard tubular elements to offer greater wattage or lower watt densities. Select from many sheath materials with watt densities to 75 W/in2 and temperatures as high as 1200°F. Heating elements can be as long as 120" and are capable of being formed into many configurations for heating via immersion, direct surface contact or convection. Three wire construction within the element provides uniform heating. Available in single or 3-phase current terminations with a 120 to 480 volt range.
Chromalox Precision Heat and Control, 701 Alpha Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15238. Tel: 412-9673800; Fax: 412-967-5148.


Buhari Congratulates Donald Trump For Winning The Election.
Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari congratulates US President-elect Donald Trump for winning the election. In an official statement signed by his special adviser on media Femi Adesina, he also congratulates American citizens on the outcome of the elections.
The President also looks forward to working with Donald Trump to streghthen the established relations between both countries, like peace and unity, fight against terrorism, economic growth, security and democracy.
Still coming to terms with Trump Victory.


This limited edition vinyl format features a gatefold jacket with a bonus 12" of the album's celebrated opening track 'Sympathy For the Devil' in mono. That disc is cut at 45rpm and backed with an etching of the original "toilet" cover. Also in the package is a replica of the rare Japanese bonus flexidisc, which contains a telephone interview with Mick Jagger from 1968, and a download code for the album plus interview. Newly mastered by Grammy-winning engineer Bob Ludwig, the disc's lacquers were cut at Abbey Road and it's pressed on 180g vinyl.
Beggars Banquet Stones Press PhotoThe telephone interview that Mick Jagger did with a staffer from the Stones' Japanese label King Records had a title that translated to "'Hello, This Is Mick Jagger!' LONDON to TOKYO April 17, 1968." It is restored with its original sleeve art in the limited edition vinyl package, marking the first time this rarity has been available outside Japan. During the conversation, which took place while the band were recording the new album, Jagger is asked "What do you think is the future direction of your music?" He replies: "Sideways."
Beggars Banquet"The Rolling Stones have returned, and they are bringing back rock and roll with them," wrote Rolling Stone founder and editor Jann Wenner in the 10 August 1968 issue of the magazine. That edition carried a cover story with the headline "The Stones Make the Great Comeback of Their Career."
Continued Wenner: "They have finished their next album - titled Beggars' Banquet [the hyphen in 'Beggars' later disappeared] - and it is the best record they have yet done. In all aspects it is a great album; great Rolling Stones' material and performance; a great rock and roll album, without pretence, an achievement of significance in both lyrics and music."


Working in partnership with the N.C. Division of Commerce, we provide one-on-one phone consultations to individuals all for starting a business, small business owners in want of normal assist, and entrepreneurs concerned with moving to North Carolina. Progressive HPSU Fund (Equity) The Modern Excessive Potential Begin-up (HPSU) Fund allows Enterprise Eire to offer equity investment to HPSU shoppers, on a co-funded foundation to support the implementation of an organization's business plans.
Whilst you would possibly use your business plan as part of your pitch to investors and banks , and to draw potential companions and board members, you will primarily use it to define your technique , ways, and particular activities for execution, together with key milestones, deadlines and budgets, and money movement.
As an alternative, it's a means of getting funding not from potential co-homeowners, however from potential fans and customers who want to assist the enterprise concept, but not necessarily personal it. What you give donors in alternate is totally up to you – and usually, folks will come away with early access to a product, or a special model of a product, or a meet-and-greet with the founders.
With the intention to construct a profitable company, you may need to create and superb-tune a business plan, assess your funds, complete all of the authorized paperwork, pick your companions, choose the perfect instruments and programs to help you get your marketing and sales off the bottom … and an entire lot more.
The realm a person is educated in will not be necessarily the realm they're most talented in. An interviewee may have a background in accounting for example, but their experience and your evaluation of them indicates they may be a better match serving to with advertising.


text:
NH Primary Source: Kander won't weigh in on race for NH Secretary of State
Updated: 4:46 AM EDT Mar 29, 2018
John DiStaso
Political Reporter
New Hampshire Primary Source
NO ENDORSEMENT. Missouri's Jason Kander and New Hampshire's Colin Van Ostern may be on the same wavelength when it comes to voting issues. But Kander, a former secretar secretary of state in his home state and potential 2020 presidential candidate, in an interview Wednesday stayed far away from commenting on Van Ostern's challenge of Bill Gardner for New Hampshire secretary of state.Kander, who heads the voting rights group Let America Vote, was tapped this week as the keynote speaker for the state Democratic Party's McIntyre-Shaheen 100 Club Dinner fundraiser on April 14. He began a two-day visit to the state Wednesday, his ninth visit since last June.Kander spoke Wednesday evening at a fundraiser for state Sen. Dan Feltes and on Thursday will speak to Dartmouth College Democrats.When Van Ostern announced his challenge of Gardner on March 13, he rolled out a platform that included "standing up for voting rights." He opposes legislation he believes is aimed at suppressing voting by college students and others. He said proponents of those bills Republicans want to add "red tape" to the registration and voting process. His view is in line with the Kander-led Let America Vote platform of opposing proposals "that make it harder for eligible voters to exercise their constitutional right to cast a ballot."Van Ostern also said in announcing the challenge that Gardner's participation on President Donald Trump's now-disbanded Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity was a factor in his decision to run.Kander has never criticized Gardner – a fellow Democrat and former fellow state election administrator -- for supporting the Republican-backed voting reform bills. And he has never specifically criticized Gardner for joining the Trump voting commission, although he blasted the commission itself.But what about Van Ostern's challenge? "I'm focused on the November legislative, statewide and congressional elections," Kander said. "And that is not one of them.""I haven't taken a position in that potential race," he added.We asked Kander if Let America Vote will contribute to Van Ostern's political action committee, Free and Fair New Hampshire, which, in turn will contribute to candidates who support Van Ostern's platform."It's not even something I've thought about," Kander said, repeating, "We haven't taken a position in that race because we're focused on November."As for the dinner, he said, "I'm excited to talk to folks in New Hampshire about my vision for the Democratic Party and what we need to do in 2018, and how Let America Vote is going to be a part of that." And by the way, his public position on a potential run for president has not changed since his last visit just more than a month ago."It's something people are asking me about, so that's obviously made me think about it," he said. "But right now, I really believe I'm doing the most important thing I can be doing – helping win contests in 2018 and win back voting rights through Let America Vote. After that, I'll consider my options."Meanwhile, Kander said, "We're going to do what we promised to do here and in other states, which is to make sure there are political consequences for politicians who make it harder to vote, and New Hampshire continues to be right there at ground zero for the fight against voter suppression."
NO ENDORSEMENT. Missouri's Jason Kander and New Hampshire's Colin Van Ostern may be on the same wavelength when it comes to voting issues. But Kander, a former secretar secretary of state in his home state and potential 2020 presidential candidate, in an interview Wednesday stayed far away from commenting on Van Ostern's challenge of Bill Gardner for New Hampshire secretary of state.
Kander, who heads the voting rights group Let America Vote, was tapped this week as the keynote speaker for the state Democratic Party's McIntyre-Shaheen 100 Club Dinner fundraiser on April 14. He began a two-day visit to the state Wednesday, his ninth visit since last June.
Potential 2020 contender Jason Kander returns amid secretary of state race
WMUR first: Jason Kander tapped as featured speaker at major NH Democratic Party fundraiser
Kander spoke Wednesday evening at a fundraiser for state Sen. Dan Feltes and on Thursday will speak to Dartmouth College Democrats.
When Van Ostern announced his challenge of Gardner on March 13, he rolled out a platform that included "standing up for voting rights." He opposes legislation he believes is aimed at suppressing voting by college students and others. He said proponents of those bills Republicans want to add "red tape" to the registration and voting process.
His view is in line with the Kander-led Let America Vote platform of opposing proposals "that make it harder for eligible voters to exercise their constitutional right to cast a ballot."
Van Ostern also said in announcing the challenge that Gardner's participation on President Donald Trump's now-disbanded Presidential Advisory Commission on Election Integrity was a factor in his decision to run.
Kander has never criticized Gardner – a fellow Democrat and former fellow state election administrator -- for supporting the Republican-backed voting reform bills. And he has never specifically criticized Gardner for joining the Trump voting commission, although he blasted the commission itself.
But what about Van Ostern's challenge?
"I'm focused on the November legislative, statewide and congressional elections," Kander said. "And that is not one of them."
"I haven't taken a position in that potential race," he added.
We asked Kander if Let America Vote will contribute to Van Ostern's political action committee, Free and Fair New Hampshire, which, in turn will contribute to candidates who support Van Ostern's platform.
"It's not even something I've thought about," Kander said, repeating, "We haven't taken a position in that race because we're focused on November."
As for the dinner, he said, "I'm excited to talk to folks in New Hampshire about my vision for the Democratic Party and what we need to do in 2018, and how Let America Vote is going to be a part of that."
And by the way, his public position on a potential run for president has not changed since his last visit just more than a month ago.
"It's something people are asking me about, so that's obviously made me think about it," he said. "But right now, I really believe I'm doing the most important thing I can be doing – helping win contests in 2018 and win back voting rights through Let America Vote. After that, I'll consider my options."
Meanwhile, Kander said, "We're going to do what we promised to do here and in other states, which is to make sure there are political consequences for politicians who make it harder to vote, and New Hampshire continues to be right there at ground zero for the fight against voter suppression."

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


This month's Graphic 45 Card Classes will offer 7 different cards to choose from. Participants will choose FOUR cards to make. One card, "Go Wild" counts as TWO cards because of the work involved in making the card...but take a look at the options and see if you don't think the "Safari Adventure" collection is a real winner - whoop whoop! I LOVE Graphic 45!!!!!!
Christmas in July -- don't miss the fun!
What's New at the Coo?
June Mini Madness and Another Great Sale!


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Colley Avenue in Norfolk Named One of the Great Places in America
Tuesday, November 3, 2015 2:00 PM
Colley Avenue in the Ghent section of Norfolk has earned the "People's Choice" designation as one of the Great Places in America in 2015. It was chosen after an online competition among People's Choice finalists from across the country including Salt Lake City, Florence, Alabama, and South Bend, Indiana, and Somerville, Massachusetts.
Great Places in America is a designation by the American Planning Association celebrating places of exemplary character, quality, and planning.
According to APA, "Places are selected annually and represent the gold standard in terms of having a true sense of place, cultural and historical interest, community involvement, and a vision for tomorrow."
APA's description of Norfolk's Colley Avenue:
Stretching for 18 blocks through the core of Norfolk, Virginia's historic Ghent neighborhood, Colley Avenue forms the spine of a classic 19th century grid-pattern street network. The avenue connects residential blocks lined with a mix of stately historic homes, apartments, and townhouses that blend with restaurants, retail, office, and institutional uses.
The avenue's streetscape showcases a blend of architecture ranging from the styles of the 1890s to the modern. The Art Deco facade of the NARO Theater coexists with the modern brick and glass of the Eastern Virginia Medical School Jones Institute.
Dotted throughout its length with generously landscaped stoops, balconies, and outdoor dining, Colley Avenue presents a welcoming pedestrian experience for everyone. The wide sidewalks of its commercial core host activity day and night as outdoor diners mingle with theater patrons and buskers who serenade them all.
A designation ceremony will be held on the street later in November.
More Information>>


Mid Century Sofa is free HD wallpaper. This wallpaper was upload at April 1, 2019 upload by rebeccarcahill in Apartment Sofa.
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SlimCleaner is a freeware and lightweight utility for keeping your PC clean and running at peak performance. It's has a highly-detailed community-based clean tool and a powerful set of other useful PC optimization tools.
SlimCleaner combines a powerful PC cleaning engine with a community of users who provide real-time feedback about the apps and items on a PC, to help others improve their own computer's performance. Moreover, it offer features such as Intelligent Defrag, a Duplicate File Finder (featuring IntelliMatch Scan), a Solid-State Drive Optimization Tool and a Software Updater to keep all the software on a PC current.
SlimCleaner is available in two editions Free and Plus.
Developer: Slimware Utilities Holdings, Inc.
general update: updates to the UI behavior that make navigation more intuitive from one interrelated utility to another. It also includes minor bug fixes and compatibility improvements for Windows 8.
Disclaimer: Direct downloads for the lastest version of SlimCleaner Free 4.0.30878 / Plus 2.5.6.0 are provided by the official software's author, we can't guarantee safety, availability or download speed. Moreover, we don't and we won't provide any pirated/illegal versions or tools. We recommend you to avoid it as these methods can harm your device. If you like the software, buy it to support the developers. (We provide software discounts for many worldwide brands).


text:
// Copyright 1998-2015 Epic Games, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

#pragma once
#include "AnimGraphNode_Base.h"
#include "Animation/AnimNode_Slot.h"
#include "EdGraph/EdGraphNodeUtils.h" // for FNodeTitleTextTable
#include "AnimGraphNode_Slot.generated.h"

UCLASS(MinimalAPI)
class UAnimGraphNode_Slot : public UAnimGraphNode_Base
{
	GENERATED_UCLASS_BODY()

	UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, Category=Settings)
	FAnimNode_Slot Node;

	// Begin UEdGraphNode interface.
	virtual FLinearColor GetNodeTitleColor() const override;
	virtual FText GetTooltipText() const override;
	virtual FText GetNodeTitle(ENodeTitleType::Type TitleType) const override;
	// End UEdGraphNode interface.

	// UAnimGraphNode_Base interface
	virtual FString GetNodeCategory() const override;
	virtual void BakeDataDuringCompilation(class FCompilerResultsLog& MessageLog) override;
	// End of UAnimGraphNode_Base interface

private:
	/** Constructing FText strings can be costly, so we cache the node's title */
	FNodeTitleTextTable CachedNodeTitles;
};

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Review journal articles on what we know about how consumers use their memory. How does this knowledge inform what we know and what we could study for product placement?
The logic behind this conclusion is that a viewer's processing of product placements in an entertainment situation might be different from their processing of ordinary advertisements. In ordinary advertising, viewers typically recognize the purpose of the product message and this activates viewer reluctance and persuasion knowledge, which can distribute to resist and limit persuasive influences (Lee and Faber, 2007).
Product placements in movies, videos, and other types of narrative media are by their very nature "partial" forms of consumer advertising. Unlike, traditional print media and advertisements, they would not precisely call attention to product characteristics and emotional advantages. Cowley (2008) argues that unveiling to product placement is different because the buyer is watching a movie or television program as a mode of entertainment. The difference within the two is that product placements, depending on the levels of their integration into the instrument, disturbs the viewing sense of the audience in an effort to either put together the product amid the action or advantage from state endorsements of the program. In this regard, product placement violate upon the viewer's feeling of continuity.


text:
Webster University Utah is a branch of Webster University, an independent, accredited, non-profit, private university in St. Louis, Missouri. Its campus location is at Hill Air Force Base, comprising only one of Webster's many campuses around the world.

Webster opened its first Utah campus at Hill Air Force Base in 2000, and currently offers master's degree programs. Webster is accredited by The Higher Learning Commission and is a member of the North Central Association.

Designed to accommodate working schedules, classes meet one night a week from 5:30 p.m. to 9:30 p.m. With five nine-week terms per year, most master's degree can be completed in 15–30 months by taking one or two courses each term.

Recognitions

U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks Webster in the top tier of Midwestern universities in its category. In 2002 Webster was recognized for its outstanding contributions to military education by the Council of College and Military Educators. Money Magazine rated Webster as one of the ten best commuter colleges in the United States.

With the opening of the Shanghai campus in 1996, Webster University became the first American university approved by the Chinese government to offer the M.B.A. in China.  Webster is ranked as having one of the highest graduate business enrollments in the United States by AACSB International, the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business.

External links
Webster University Utah Campuses website
Webster University

Private universities and colleges in Utah
Business schools in Utah
Universities and colleges in Utah County, Utah
Universities and colleges in Weber County, Utah
Webster University

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


In an age when many of us get our adrenalin fix from virtual simulations on a TV screen or smart phone, it's reassuring that there still remains some less hi-tech entertainment guaranteed to get the pulse racing.
Walk on to a traditional fairground run by Farnborough family business James Noyce and Sons for instance, and soaring above the swing boats and coconut shy, is something rather special: a magnificent wooden carousel that's reputedly the last of its kind in the country. With lights ablaze, it's an epitome of Victorian fantasy and exuberance populated by a team of gilded horses that transport their riders in ever-increasing circles, to the musical accompaniment of an old style organ. And, for a few moments at least, this throwback to a bygone era offers a chance to escape the everyday and rediscover life's simple pleasures.
Joe's wife Narvenka, whose family tree is also rooted in vintage fairs, takes up the story of the carousel which was originally built in 1884 by leading fairground machine maker, Savages of King's Lynn. With its suspended circular platform rotating around a central pole, the ride has rows of wooden animals mounted on posts which are moved up and down by gears to simulate galloping – thus the adopted American name 'gallopers', and was a show-stopper wherever it travelled. Yet these glory days were not to last. And had it not been for James Noyce, whose name is still honoured on this heritage carousel, it might have been lost forever.
Whilst the 89 key Gavioli mechanical organ has stood the test of time, these days an electric generator has replaced steam to power this now famous old ride, which has become a stalwart of many of the country's most popular attractions. Its regular appearances include the historic Nottingham Goose Fair, and the Stratford Mop. However, as she explains, there's one event that holds a particularly strong attachment for the family: the annual Witney Feast held in September.
And this is not the only tradition which, she says, has continued over the decades. "We take the carousel out over the Christmas period too and for 30 years it was in London's Leicester Square. It's also been to Manchester and this year it went to Birmingham.
She continues: "The carousel still has all the original 30 horses and six cockerels. Three were renamed recently because my children's names weren't on the horses and we try and keep those horses on the outside named after family members; it's another tradition. I wasn't keen to have my own name on a horse, but my husband surprised me and had one painted for me.
The hope is that her young family will one day take over the reins and keep the carousel turning. Meanwhile, there's no need to wait until the fair rolls into town to kick-back and enjoy the ride, as according to Narvenka, the family is happy to hire out their pride and joy for private wedding receptions, birthdays and other special occasions.
"We're an old fashioned family and we like the traditions of family life. We get grandparents going on the ride who've known the carousel over the years and now enjoy taking their grandchildren on it. Of course we've got modern rides like the Sky Flyer, and there are children's rides and thrill rides too, so it's a contrast to all of these.
So with a life spent largely on the road, is home still where the heart is?


text:
Home » Bands » Rebel SoulJahz
Rebel SoulJahz
Reggae, Rock, Soul
About Rebel SoulJahz
Rebel Souljahz released their debut CD, Nothing To Hide, in early 2008 and it hit the music scene like a hurricane. The CD spent 50+ weeks on Billboard magazine's Top Reggae Albums chart, was named by Billboard as the eighth best selling reggae album of 2008, and named Rebel Souljahz the number even Reggae artist of that year. The album also won the much coveted and respected Reggae Album of the...
... Year award at Hawaii's Na Hoku Hanohano Awards in 2009.
Their follow-up album, Bring Back The Days, is jam-packed with 13 all-original songs. Rebel Souljahz matured, having distilled their creative talents into a finely-tuned vocal group capable of offering a strong variety of musical styles and messages.
http://www.reverbnation.com/rebelsouljahz?page_view_source=facebook_app
Raymond Ho Jr.
RebelSouljahz@ymail.com


Physiotherapy (Physical Therapy) is a branch of rehabilitation medicine that focuses on physical rehabilitation of musculoskeletal injuries. These include injuries to joints, bones, muscles, ligaments, and the systems required for healing and normal function.
All of our Victoria & Saanich Physiotherapists are registered to practice physiotherapy with the College of Physical Therapists of British Columbia and are members of the Canadian Physiotherapy Association. They are a motivated group of professionals that have achieved the highest Orthopaedic Designation obtaining their Diploma of Advanced Manual and Manipulative Physiotherapy, or are actively working towards this goal.
1) Assessment of the patients' subjective complaints and objective findings of their injury/complaint.
2) Treatment specifically designed for the individual's immediate needs and long-term goals.
Communication with and/or referral to other health professionals deemed appropriate for the patient's care.
A long-term treatment and/or home care plan specific to the patient.
Physiotherapists provide "Direct Access", meaning that you don't require a doctor's referral to book an appointment. In fact, many of our Victoria patients turn to a Physiotherapist before they see a doctor for guidance with musculoskeletal problems.
All our Victoria Physiotherapists are trained to use their hands for joint and soft tissue mobilization and joint manipulations. These are important treatment techniques for increasing joint mobility, soft tissue extensibility, improving spinal fitness and restoring range of motion. The specific joint mobility assessment techniques determine the appropriate course of manual therapy treatment.
Victoria Physiotherapists Penny Salmas, Jennifer Kolot, Kathy Murdoch, Faralay Vander Schilden and Meena Sran have all achieved the highest possible designation in manual therapy.
Specific exercises, dependent on assessment findings, are introduced into the treatment program to enhance healing and return to activity in a safe, effective manner. Home exercise programs are an integral part of each individual's exercise rehabilitation program and preventative maintenance.
Kinesiologist and Medical Exercise Specialist Heidi Nottelman works in our Exercise Studio located at 200B-3200 Shelbourne Street in Victoria. To reach Heidi please call 250-598-9828 extension 2. Practicing Kinesiologists Larry Muir, Radek Wiechecki, Devon Chan & Lindsay Tabish treat clients at our Gordon Head Recreation Centre Clinic. To reach them please call 250-595-5858. Registered Physiotherapists Nina Bai, Brad Curry, Nicole Gill, Faralay Vander Schilden, Jenna Peters and Penny Salmas have degrees in Kinesiology and are well suited to look after your exercise needs.
Kinesiologists are human movement specialists offering a wide variety of assessments and services to the public to assist with both injury/illness prevention and injury management. Their practice is based on the core sciences of anatomy, physiology, biomechanics and psychomotor behaviour. Kinesiologists work in the fitness industry, clinically, and in industrial environments.
Kinesiologists provide services through the application of the science of human movement and deliver quality solutions through prevention, objective assessment, and evidence based intervention.
The assessment and search for the cause and treatment of dizziness, vertigo, and balance problems are within the realm of physiotherapy.
Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) is a specific form of physical therapy designed to habituate symptoms, and promote adaptation to and substitution for various aspects of deficits related to a wide variety of balance disorders. VRT is effective in improving the functional deficits and subjective symptoms resulting from unilateral and bilateral peripheral vestibular hypo function as well as from central balance disorders.
An assessment by a trained Shelbourne Physiotherapist is undertaken and results communicated to the referring physician and patient. Referrals for consultations are initiated to trained specialists as necessary. Conditions treated by the physiotherapist are those that require joint mobilizations/manipulations, manual therapy techniques, and home exercises.
Utilizing mechanical traction can benefit certain cervical, thoracic, and lumbar problems. It can improve your spinal fitness. The patient is comfortably positioned lying down to take pressure off affected structures such as discs, facet joints, and neurological tissue. Our specialized equipment is top of the line, imported from England.
Traction is sometimes referred to as spinal decompression. The cost for traction/spinal decompression treatment is $1/minute. A typical treatment lasts 15-20 minutes. All patients must be assessed by a Registered Physiotherapist at our clinics in Victoria prior to receiving spinal decompression/traction to ensure it is the appropriate treatment.
Ultrasound - a mechanical and thermal agent that uses high frequency sound waves for a variety of therapeutic effects to aid in healing and pain relief.
There is no discomfort from the application of the interferential current. An ultrasonic gel is placed between the electrode and the patient's skin, which allows the current to pass through to the body. If discomfort is felt, it is usually because the current is turned too high and needs to be adjusted slightly.
During treatment, patients feel a tingling or "pins and needles" sensation at the contact area of the carbon electrodes, and may feel a tingling sensation throughout the area being treated. This sensation may continue for a brief period following treatment as well. The intensity of the current is increased within the patient's comfort level. A stronger current will usually have a more beneficial effect, but the intensity should not be turned up so high as to cause pain.
Electrical muscle stimulation - an electrical current with a frequency targeting muscle. It is used in muscle re-education and/or relaxation post injury.
High-voltage galvanic stimulation - a higher voltage current with a low average amperage used for acute injuries where pain and swelling are a major factor.
Our Victoria Physiotherapists are experienced in treating injuries resulting from sports and physical over-training. Our Victoria Sports Physiotherapist Brad Curry is a Member of Sport Physiotherapy Canada and has extensive post graduate training in treating sports injuries.
We realize the importance of returning injured athletes back to their sport as quickly and safely as possible, without jeopardizing the healing process. Sport specific rehabilitation functions to transition the athlete from an injured state towards progressive return to activity.
The unfortunate event of a motor vehicle accident (MVA) is a common reason to initiate treatment at Shelbourne Physiotherapy & Massage. Physiotherapy, often in combination with Massage, Kinesiology or Clinical Pilates, is an effective approach to your active rehabilitation in Victoria. Communication with ICBC adjusters or other private insurers and Personal Injury Lawyers is undertaken as part of treatment.
If you have been in a car accident and require physiotherapy you may have benefits through the Insurance Corporation of British Columbia (ICBC). Your accident benefits cover everyone injured in a crash who is riding in a vehicle that is licensed and insured in British Columbia. It also covers any cyclist or pedestrian hit and injured by a vehicle that is licensed and insured in B.C.
Once you are approved for funding by ICBC, they will pay for the majority of the cost of your therapy visit. However, there is a user fee per visit of $35.00. If the accident was deemed not your fault you should be able to be reimbursed for the user fees by ICBC. Please consult your Insurance adjuster to clarify any questions that you may have regarding the user fee payments.Any treatment fees not covered by ICBC will be the responsibility of the patient. Our 3 Shelbourne Physiotherapy Clinics in Victoria & Saanich are approved by ICBC to provide Physiotherapy, Massage Therapy, Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Services after a car accident. We look forward to helping you recover quickly!
Our Billing Manager Melanie Federicks will be happy to answer any questions you have. Her contact number is 250-598-9828 or email: billing@shelbournephysio.ca.
Registered Physiotherapist Mark Gottfried has a special interest in treating post operative knee injuries. To book an appointment with Mark please call our main Physiotherapy clinic located at 100B-3200 Shelbourne Street, Victoria, B.C. at 250-598-9828.
In treating sports injuries, taping to protect injuries joints for return to sports is often essential. It is also used for proprioceptive retraining of other joints and muscles. Postural taping is used to retrain "proper" posture and as a feedback mechanism when posture strays from within the normal limits.
Registered Kinesiologist Lindsay Tabish has received special training in athletic taping. Lindsay is a qualified kinesiotape practitioner. To book an appointment with Lindsay please call our Gordon Head Recreation Centre Clinic at 250-595-5858.
There are different indications for heat and cold, dependent on desired effects and the stage of healing.
Heat - Some of the effects include increased soft tissue extensibility, decreased pain perception, increased blood flow and decreased muscle spasm.
Cold - Some of the effects include decreased edema formation, decreased spasticity, decreased pain perception and decreased muscle spasm.
A variety of conditions not previously recognized as being treatable by qualified physiotherapists are considered in Women's Health rehabilitation.
Specialized assessment and treatment of the following patient populations are mostly seen: post-partum women, urinary incontinence problems, sexual dysfunction/pain, aging population, chronic pelvic pain, bladder problems, sacro-iliac and coccygeal dysfunction, pelvic floor weakness and blocked breast ducts of nursing mothers.
These are extremely common problems and most people can eliminate or significantly reduce their symptoms with some basic pelvic floor exercises, as well as diet and lifestyle modifications.
Registered Physiotherapists Laura Werner, Eimear Brogan Sarah Hubbs and Rosie Chamberlin have a special interest in women's health core retraining, incontinenece and pelvic floor engagement. They have received specialized training and are well qualified to treat these conditions. To book an appointment with Laura, Eimear or Rosie please call our downtown Cook Street Physiotherapy clinic located at 308-1175 Cook Street, Victoria B.C. at 250-381-9828.
If you have been injured at work, WorksafeBC/ WCB may fund the cost of your Physiotherapy treatment. You must visit a medical doctor and tell them that your injury is work related which will get the injury claim started. If your Family Doctor or a Walk-In Clinic Doctor has provided you with a referral and the injury claim has been approved by WorksafeBC, you are eligible for up to 22 treatments over an 8 week period. There are no user fees involved since WorksafeBC will pay for the full cost of your treatment for approved claims. The initial week for Physiotherapy is always paid for even if the claim is not approved so don't delay in getting an initial assessment appointment.
Our experienced Physiotherapists will provide treatment that will help you get back to work and prevent re-injuring yourself. They will coordinate with Nurse Advisors and Adjudicators to ensure a safe re-integration back into the workforce. Our Victoria Physiotherapists Blair Braz, Ruan Le Roux, Andrew Mills, Isaac Davies, Mary Anne Levson, Seung Bai, Mark Gottfried, Leslie Bradwell-Spohr, Nicole Gill, Chris Nelson, Kim Lobb, Brad Curry and Jenna Peters have contracts with WorksafeBC to treat your injuries and get you active again.
Experienced Physical Therapists Nina Bai, Chris Nelson and Kim Lobb provide Hydrotherapy in the pool at the Gordon Head Recreation Centre for WorksafeBC injured workers. Hydrotherapy treatments can be arranged in conjunction with your Physiotherapy or Chiropractic treatments with approval from your WCB Adjudicator. To find out more please call our Rehabilitation Coordinator at 250-595-5858.
If you need to contact WorksafeBC the phone number is 1-888-WORKERS.
Our Victoria Physiotherapists Nina Bai, Jennifer Kolot, Kim Lobb, Jenna Peters, Ruan Le Roux and Nicole Gill have special training and are well suited to treat your TMJ problems. Registered Massage Therapist Molly Rose Scott has special training in treating the TMJ.
The TMJ is located directly in front of your inner ear, below your temple, and is a part of the body we use many times during the day when we talk, yawn, eat, drink or chew (see diagram). Usually, you are only aware of this joint when it becomes painful.
The pain and tenderness of TMJ dysfunction can be caused by the disc in the joint moving out of place and causing pressure on sensitive structures around the joint.
The pain of TMJ dysfunction can be sharp, searing and catching, or dull and constant. It can be extremely debilitating.
Fortunately, a trained Physiotherapist can help by teaching you relaxation, stretching and strengthening exercises for the face, head and neck muscles. These exercises can also help to augment the effect of the appliance or mouth guard your dentist may have already provided to you.
At Shelbourne Physiotherapy , you will work directly with a certified Physiotherapist, trained through post graduate course work, in the assessment and treatment of TMJ dysfunctions.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is the joint directly in front of the ear canal on either side of the head. The TMJ, which opens 2,000 – 3,000 times per day, is the most frequently used joint in the body. It is used for functions like talking, chewing, swallowing, or yawning. The temporomandibular joint is complex and is composed of muscles, tendons, bones and a disc sitting between the bones of the skull (temporal bone) and the jawbone (mandible).
The upper neck is also a very intricate part of the jaw complex and often involved in ongoing symptoms.
The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a common source of pain and dysfunction. Some of the more common symptoms include clicking or popping with opening or closing of the mouth, headaches, facial pain, ear aches, and ringing in the ears. TMJ dysfunction can be caused by trauma such as a whiplash injury, excessive stress on the joint due to grinding of teeth or chewing gum, postural abnormalities especially a forward head posture, emotional stress, myofascial pain syndrome, arthritis, or dislocation of the disc within the joint.
The jaw is also known as the TMJ or Temporomandibular Joint. It can be painful as the result of injury, inflammatory disease, poor postures and habits or growth disorders. This leaflet gives you advice on managing your jaw pain. The TMJ is made up of several parts: the lower jaw (or mandible) and the socket (or temporal bone). In between the mandible and the socket is a disc. The disc allows the joint to glide smoothly on opening and closing. The joint is also held in place by muscles and ligaments.
What are the signs and symptoms of TMJ dysfunction?
Trauma, for example a blow to the jaw either directly to the joint or elsewhere on the jaw.
What are the aims of TMJ Physiotherapy treatment?
Water is a wonderful medium for exercise, offering exciting opportunities for movement not available within land-based exercise programs. At the Shelbourne Physiotherapy Gordon Head Recreation Centre Clinic we offer Aquatic Physiotherapy individual and exercises classes to assist recovery from injury or surgery under the guidance of a qualified Physiotherapist or Kinesiologist. The classes incorporate individual programs, devised and based on an initial assessment. The aim of the classes is to incorporate each individual's goal. Goals can include improving mobility and overall function; specifically strength, flexibility, posture, sporting performance, to speed up recovery, and/or minimise pain.
Why is water so beneficial?
Aquatic Physiotherapy, traditionally known as "hydrotherapy" uses the unique properties of water to improve and restore function after injury, surgery or illness or as part of a general fitness and conditioning program. When used properly, the physical properties of water can promote joint range, muscle strength, endurance, balance and fitness as well as increasing exercise confidence in older or de-conditioned populations. The buoyancy provided by being immersed in water alleviates joint stress and promotes freedom of movement. Water buoyancy can improve functional range of knees, shoulders and hips following joint replacement or musculoskeletal injury. In water there is less post exercise soreness compared to land based programs meaning exercise can commence sooner after injury or surgery and be better tolerated by those with painful joints from chronic conditions such as osteoarthritis. The warmth of water can help muscle relaxation, making exercises more comfortable and stretches more effective when performed under water. Under the guidance of a trained professional the viscosity and turbulence of water as well as the use of floats, paddles and other equipment can be used to promote strength and power to weak muscles. specific exercises can promote greater balance, coordination, and aerobic fitness and help speed the recovery process following injury or surgery. The properties of water (hydrostatic pressure, buoyancy, thermal conductivity, turbulence and resistance) are utilised to assist and support patients in the early stages and can be progressively increased to create a strong training environment towards the end stages of rehabilitation.
Rehabilitation is vital to help regain strength and movement following surgery or injury. Aquatic exercise can be well tolerated at any stage of your recovery and may help you get back to land based home exercises and gym programs sooner. The hydrotherapy sessions conducted by Shelbourne Physiotherapy at the Gordon Head Rec Centre are fully supervised and conducted by a Physiotherapist or Kinesiologist using specialized techniques to maximize the numerous benefits the water has to offer.
Experienced Physiotherapists Nina Bai, Jenna Peters Meena Sran and Kim Lobb provice pool therapy to clients at our Gordon Head Recreation Centre Clinic. Call our Rehabilitation Coordinator at 250-595-5858 for more details.


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