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Patent application title: METHOD FOR CALIBRATING ANALOG-CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC VALVES AND BRAKE SYSTEM COMPRISING AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL AND REGULATING UNIT IN WHICH THE METHOD IS CARRIED OUT
Inventors: Hans-Jörg Feigel (Rosbach, DE) Hans-Jörg Feigel (Rosbach, DE) Hans-Jörg Feigel (Rosbach, DE) Harald Biller (Eschborn, DE) Harald Biller (Eschborn, DE) Jan Hoffmann (Rosbach, DE) Christian Courth (Frankfurt, DE)
IPC8 Class: AB60T1722FI
USPC Class: 60534
Class name: Pressure fluid source and motor pulsator having signal, indicator or recorder of apparatus condition
A method for determining a driving characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled hydraulic valve of a motor vehicle hydraulic brake system in which a brake pressure generated with the aid of an electrically controllable, electric-motor-driven pressure supply device, is conducted to a wheel brake via an inlet valve and can be conducted via an outlet valve from the wheel brake into a pressure medium container. The pressure supply device and the inlet valves, and outlet valves, can be controlled by an electronic control unit. For determining the control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled inlet or outlet valve, a brake pressure is generated by the control unit via the pressure supply device, and the brake pressure is determined by a pressure sensor associated with the pressure supply device. The determined brake pressure and an associated valve control variable are stored as a calibration point of the control characteristic.
1. A method for determining a control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled hydraulic valve of a brake system for motor vehicles, having hydraulically actuable wheel brakes, in which a brake pressure (pDBE), which is produced with the aid of an electrically controllable, electric-motor-driven pressure supply device, passes via an inlet valve to a wheel brake and can be passed out of the wheel brake into a pressure medium reservoir, via an outlet valve, wherein the pressure supply device and the inlet valves, and the outlet valves, can be controlled by an electronic control and regulating unit, wherein the control characteristic describes at least one relationship of dependence between an electric valve control variable and a differential pressure (Δp) or pressure (p) present at the valve, wherein to determine the control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled inlet or outlet valve, a brake pressure is produced by the control and regulating unit by the pressure supply device, and the brake pressure (pDBE) is determined by a pressure sensor associated with the pressure supply device, and the brake pressure (pDBE) determined and an associated valve control variable are stored as a calibration point of the control characteristic in the control and regulating unit.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein regions of the control characteristic, between calibration points, are completed by interpolation or extrapolation or by a model, and the completed control characteristic is stored in the control and regulating unit.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pressure (pVB) is determined in the pressure medium reservoir or is constant or is assumed to be constant.
4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wheel brakes can be connected via the outlet valves to a pressure medium reservoir under atmospheric pressure.
5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control characteristic of the analogized or analog-controlled inlet or outlet valve is determined for various volume flows (q) through the valve by determining the control characteristic at various volume flows of the pressure supply device, wherein the volume flow (q) of the pressure supply device is determined by the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following method steps, in the sequence indicated, are carried out in order to determine the control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled outlet or inlet valve of a wheel brake: closure of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated and opening of the associated inlet/outlet valve of the wheel brake, buildup of a predetermined value of the brake pressure by the pressure supply device and stopping of the electric motor of the pressure supply device, changing of the valve control variable of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated, causing the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated to open, detecting the opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated by the pressure sensor, determining the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure, and storing the determined calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following method steps, in the sequence indicated, are carried out in order to determine the control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled outlet or inlet valve of a wheel brake: closure of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated and opening of the associated inlet/outlet valve of the wheel brake, wherein, at least one inlet valve of the brake system is opened, carrying out a brake pressure buildup by the pressure supply device and setting a valve control variable at the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated, causing the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated to open, detecting the opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated by the pressure medium volume (V) output by the pressure supply device, determining the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure, and storing the determined calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
8. The method as claimed in claim 6, wherein at least one wheel brake is connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device during the method steps.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein a pressure/volume characteristic curve of the wheel brake connected to the pressure supply device is specified or predetermined, and in that the pressure/volume characteristic curve is evaluated in order to detect the opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated.
10. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the following method steps, in the sequence indicated, are carried out in order to determine the control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled inlet valve: closure of all the inlet valves and opening of at least the outlet valve of the wheel brake of the inlet valve to be calibrated, buildup of a brake pressure (PDBE) by the pressure supply device and setting of a valve control variable at the inlet valve to be calibrated, causing the inlet valve to be calibrated to open, detecting the opening of the inlet valve to be calibrated by a volume flow of the pressure supply device or the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device, determining the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure (PDBE), and storing the determined calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
11. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the outlet valve of the wheel brake of the inlet valve to be calibrated is closed, and the wheel brake pressure of the wheel brake is determined by a specified or predetermined pressure/volume characteristic curve of the wheel brake and of the pressure medium volume output by the pressure supply device.
12. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a brake pressure buildup is carried out by the pressure supply device at each of various values of the valve control variable, or in that a change in the valve control variable is carried out at each of various brake pressures (PDBE) of the pressure supply device, or in that a brake pressure buildup by the pressure supply device and a change in the valve control variable are carried out simultaneously.
13. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a control characteristic for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve of the brake system is determined in the motor vehicle by the control and regulating unit at the time when the motor vehicle is first put into operation.
14. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein a control characteristic for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve is determined in the motor vehicle by the control and regulating unit during the time in operation of the brake system if a specified event is present and/or a specified time period has expired.
15. A brake system for motor vehicles comprising: an electrically controllable, electric-motor-driven pressure supply device, which can supply a brake pressure (pDBE) for actuating hydraulically actuable wheel brakes, wherein the pressure supply device can be connected separably to the wheel brakes by respective electrically controllable inlet valves, one electrically controllable outlet valve per wheel brake, via which the wheel brake is connected separably to a pressure medium reservoir, in under atmospheric pressure, a pressure detection device for determining the brake pressure (pDBE) supplied by the pressure supply device, a brake master cylinder that can be actuated by a brake pedal and is connected separably to the wheel brakes, and an electronic control and regulating unit for controlling the pressure supply device and the inlet and outlet valves, wherein at least one inlet valve or one outlet valve is analogized or capable of analog control, wherein the method of claim 1 is carried out in the electronic control and regulating unit, for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet valve and outlet valve of the brake system.
16. The method as claimed in claim 7, wherein at least one wheel brake is connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device during the method steps.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is the U.S. National Phase Application of PCT/EP2013/054364, filed Mar. 5, 2013, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2012 203 493.5, filed Mar. 6, 2012 and German Patent Application No. 10 2013 203 599.3, filed Mar. 4, 2013, the contents of such application being incorporated by reference herein.
[0002] The invention relates to a method for determining a control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled hydraulic valve and to a brake system.
[0003] In brake systems with antilock control systems (ABS) or electronic stability programs (ESP), analogized valves ("AD valves") are often used to control the hydraulic fluid. The current at which the AD valve opens is heavily dependent on the pressure difference across the valve. In order to be able to control the AD valves, it is necessary, for example, to know the value of this current, which is referred to as the "opening point". The opening point is furthermore dependent on manufacturing tolerances and on the wear of the valve and of other components in the brake system.
[0004] In order to operate valves with sufficient accuracy in an analog manner, it is necessary to know the opening characteristic or, more generally, the control characteristic. To configure the production of the AD valves in such a way that each valve exhibits identical control characteristics (e.g. current/pressure characteristic curve), is not possible owing to tolerances or represents an unacceptable expense. Even if this were possible, change over the service life represents a further problem. Calibrating each valve individually is very time-consuming in production and increases costs considerably. However, without being able to operate the valves with appropriate accuracy, functional utility decreases.
[0005] A method for calibrating the pressure/opening current characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled hydraulic inlet valve is known from DE 10 2006 057 501 A1, which is incorporated by reference. The method is carried out in a brake system for motor vehicles having two brake circuits, wherein each brake circuit is assigned two wheel brakes, a hydraulic pump and a low-pressure reservoir and wherein a brake pressure produced with the aid of the hydraulic pump passes via an inlet valve to a wheel brake and can be passed out of the wheel brake into a low-pressure reservoir via an outlet valve. In this case, a pressure sensor is provided, which is assigned to one of the two wheel brakes and determines the wheel brake pressure fed into said wheel brake. Thus, just one wheel brake sensor for each brake circuit is necessary to carry out this method.
[0006] An aspect of the invention is a method for calibrating analogized inlet and/or outlet valves which operates reliably, on board (in continuous operation), automatically and independently of the vehicle driver, can be carried out with comparatively little expenditure of time and can be used in a brake system in which there are no pressure sensors assigned to the wheel brakes.
[0007] An aspect of invention is based on the concept of determining a control characteristic, which describes at least one relationship of dependence between an electric valve control variable and a differential pressure or pressure present at the valve, of an electrically controllable, analogized or analog-controlled hydraulic inlet or outlet valve by means of an electric-motor-driven pressure supply device of the brake system and a pressure sensor assigned to the pressure supply device. Thus, the pressure sensor determines the pressure produced at the inlet ports of the inlet valves by the pressure supply device. To determine the control characteristic, a brake pressure is produced by the control and regulating unit by means of the pressure supply device and the magnitude of the brake pressure is determined by means of the pressure sensor. The brake pressure determined and an associated valve control variable are stored as a calibration point of the control characteristic.
[0008] The calibration points of the control characteristic are advantageously stored in the control and regulating unit, in which they are directly available for control of the valves.
[0009] One advantage of the invention is that the relationship between the valve control variable and pressure and, if appropriate, volume flow (control characteristic) can be determined by the brake system itself for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve, for which purpose no wheel brake pressure sensors but just one pressure sensor assigned to the pressure supply device is required. With the aid of the individual control characteristics determined for the individual valves, fine and largely silent wheel-specific pressure control is then possible, and it is possible to dispense with wheel brake pressure sensors for pressure control.
[0010] The brake system preferably comprises one analogized or analog-controlled inlet valve for each wheel brake. As a particularly preferred option, the inlet valves allow the respective brake circuit pressures through in the unactivated state (open when deenergized).
[0011] It is furthermore preferred that there should be one analogized or analog-controlled outlet valve for each wheel brake. As a particularly preferred option, the outlet valves are in a blocked state in the unactivated state (closed when deenergized). However, the method according to the invention can also be carried out in a brake system with "multiplex" inlet valves (i.e. outlet valves can be absent).
[0012] In brake systems in which some of the inlet and/or outlet valves can be controlled in an analog manner and the others can be controlled digitally, the method according to the invention is preferably carried out for all the valves capable of analog control.
[0013] The inlet and outlet valves are preferably embodied as an electromagnetically controllable valves, wherein the electric control variable is an electric current to be fed to the electromagnetic drive.
[0014] Regions of the control characteristic are preferably completed by interpolation or extrapolation or by means of a model, in order to determine the control characteristic between calibration points or in regions without a calibration point. Thus, only a small number of calibration points need be determined. To ensure that the complete control characteristic can be evaluated quickly, the completed control characteristic is particularly preferably stored in the control and regulating unit, e.g. in the form of a table of values.
[0015] The control characteristic determined is preferably evaluated in the control and regulating unit during the operation of the brake system in order to regulate the wheel brake pressure of the associated wheel brake.
[0016] It is preferred if the wheel brakes can be connected via the outlet valves to a pressure medium reservoir under atmospheric pressure. The pressure in the pressure medium reservoir can then be assumed to be constant, and the control characteristic can simply be formed as a function of the input-side pressure of the inlet or outlet valve.
[0017] According to a development of the invention, the control characteristic of the inlet or outlet valve is determined for various volume flows through the valve by determining the control characteristic at various volume flows of the pressure supply device. It is advantageous if the volume flow of the pressure supply device is determined by means of the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device, which is often available in any case for the purpose of controlling the pressure supply device.
[0018] The following method steps, advantageously in the sequence indicated, are preferably carried out in order to determine the control characteristic of an outlet or inlet valve of a wheel brake:
[0019] closure of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated and opening of the associated inlet/outlet valve of the wheel brake,
[0020] buildup of a predetermined value of the brake pressure by means of the pressure supply device and stopping of the electric motor of the pressure supply device,
[0021] changing of the valve control variable of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated, causing the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated to open,
[0022] detecting the opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated by means of the pressure sensor, determining the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure, and storing the determined calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
[0023] In order to obtain a number of calibration points, a change in the valve control variable is particularly preferably carried out at each of various brake pressure values. By means of this method, the opening characteristic curve of the valve to be calibrated is determined.
[0024] During the method steps, at least one wheel brake is preferably connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device.
[0025] As a particularly preferred option, at least the wheel brake of the outlet valve to be calibrated is continuously connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device during the determination of the control characteristic of an outlet valve. In the case of the determination of the control characteristic of an inlet valve, at least one wheel brake other than the wheel brake of the inlet valve to be calibrated is continuously connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device during the determination of the control characteristic of the inlet valve. In both cases, at least one hydraulic capacity (wheel brake) is connected to the pressure supply device. This makes it easier to set the pressure, and unavoidable small leakages have only a slight effect on the pressure.
[0026] According to an alternative, preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the following method steps, particularly preferably in the sequence indicated, are carried out in order to determine the control characteristic of an inlet valve:
[0027] closure of all the inlet valves and opening of at least the outlet valve of the wheel brake of the inlet valve to be calibrated,
[0028] buildup of a brake pressure by means of the pressure supply device and setting of a valve control variable at the inlet valve to be calibrated, causing the inlet valve to be calibrated to open,
[0029] detecting the opening of the inlet valve to be calibrated by means of a volume flow of the pressure supply device or the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device, determining the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure, and storing the determined calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
[0030] In order to obtain a number of calibration points, the particularly preferred procedure is one in which the inlet valve to be calibrated is opened either by carrying out a brake pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device at each of various values of the valve control variable or carrying out a change in the valve control variable at each of various brake pressures of the pressure supply device or repeatedly carrying out a simultaneous brake pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device and a change in the valve control variable.
[0031] According to an alternative preferred embodiment of the method, the outlet valve of the wheel brake of the inlet valve to be calibrated is closed, and the pressure in this wheel brake is determined from the specified or already known (predetermined) pressure/volume characteristic curve thereof and from the pressure medium volume output by the pressure supply device. A corresponding embodiment is also advantageous with the other methods described in the case of the calibration of an inlet valve.
[0032] Another preferred procedure for determining the control characteristic of an outlet valve or inlet valve of a wheel brake is to carry out the following method steps, advantageously in the sequence indicated:
[0033] closure of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated and opening of the associated inlet/outlet valve of the wheel brake, wherein it is advantageous if a total of at least one inlet valve is opened,
[0034] carrying out a brake pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device and setting a valve control variable at the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated, causing the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated to open,
[0035] detecting the opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated by means of the pressure medium volume (V) output by the pressure supply device, determining the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure, and storing the determined calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
[0036] According to a development of the invention, a pressure/volume characteristic curve of the wheel brake connected to the pressure supply device is specified or predetermined. The pressure/volume characteristic curve is then evaluated in order to detect the opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated. As a particularly preferred option, the evaluation of the pressure/volume characteristic curve of the wheel brake is used in the detection of opening with reference to the pressure medium volume output by the pressure supply device.
[0037] In a corresponding manner, preferably as the last-mentioned method step, a comparison is carried out between the pressure medium volume output by the pressure supply device and a specified or predetermined pressure-dependent volume consumption of the wheel brakes which are connected to the pressure supply device by opened inlet valves. If there is a significant deviation between these two volumes, opening of the outlet/inlet valve to be calibrated is detected, and the associated values of the valve control variable and the brake pressure are determined and stored as a calibration point in the control and regulating unit.
[0038] In order to obtain a number of calibration points, the particularly preferred procedure is one in which the valve to be calibrated is opened either by carrying out a brake pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device at each of various values of the valve control variable or repeatedly carrying out a simultaneous brake pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device and a change in the valve control variable.
[0039] In the developments of the method according to the invention, a brake pressure buildup is carried out in ramp form. A change in the valve control variable of the valve to be calibrated advantageously takes place in ramp form or in step form.
[0040] A control characteristic for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve of the brake system is preferably determined in the motor vehicle by means of the control and regulating unit at the time when the motor vehicle is first put into operation. Thus, for each of the valves, a specific control characteristic that takes account of variations in manufacture and allows fine pressure control is available for the subsequent operation of the brake system.
[0041] Adaptation of the control characteristic of the individual inlet and/or outlet valves to variations in manufacture is thereby made possible.
[0042] According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a control characteristic for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve is determined in the motor vehicle by means of the control and regulating unit during the time in operation of the brake system if a specified event is present and/or a specified time period has expired. The effects of aging of the valves are taken into account through the repeated determination of the control characteristics.
[0043] An aspect of the invention also relates to a brake system. A brake system according to an aspect of the invention is designed to perform a method according to the invention.
[0044] This is preferably a brake system for motor vehicles which can be controlled both by the vehicle driver and also independently of the vehicle driver in a "brake-by-wire" operating mode, and is preferably operated by means of the pressure supply device in the "brake-by-wire" operating mode and can be operated in at least one fallback operating mode, in which only operation by the vehicle driver is possible.
[0045] The pressure supply device is preferably formed by a cylinder-piston arrangement, the piston of which can be actuated by an electromechanical actuator. The pressure medium volume output or consumed by the pressure supply device and/or the volume flow output by the pressure supply device is/are preferably determined by means of a location detection device, which detects a variable that characterizes the position or location of the piston, advantageously the location of the rotor of the electric motor of the pressure supply device.
[0046] Further preferred embodiments of the invention will emerge from the dependent claims and from the following description by means of figures.
[0047] In the schematic drawing:
[0048] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an illustrative brake system for carrying out a method according to the invention, and
[0049] FIG. 2 shows an illustrative brake system for carrying out a method according to the invention.
[0050] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an illustrative hydraulic brake system for carrying out a method according to the invention. The brake system comprises an electrically controllable, electric-motor-driven pressure supply device 101 for supplying hydraulically actuable wheel brakes 105a, 105b with a pressure pDBE. For this purpose, each wheel brake 105a, 105b is connected or can be connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device 101 via an inlet valve 102a, 102b. The pressure pDBE produced by the pressure supply device 101 is determined by means of a pressure detection device 106 (pressure sensor), which is arranged in the hydraulic connection between the pressure supply device 101 and the inlet valves 102a, 102b. The brake system furthermore comprises at least one pressure medium reservoir 104, e.g. a pressure medium reservoir under atmospheric pressure, to which the wheel brakes 105a, 105b are connected via a respective outlet valve 103a, 103b, allowing pressure medium to be discharged from the wheel brakes 105a, 105b into the pressure medium reservoir 104. The pressure pVB in the pressure medium reservoir 104 is either known (being measured by a pressure sensor, for example) or is (approximately) constant or can be assumed to be (approximately) constant (e.g. atmospheric pressure).
[0051] For the sake of simplicity, only two wheel brakes 105a, 105b connected to the pressure supply device 101 are shown in the block diagram in FIG. 1. In the case of a brake system for a motor vehicle, the brake system comprises four hydraulically actuable wheel brakes, for example, which are connected or can be connected hydraulically to the pressure supply device 101 and to a low pressure level (e.g. one or more pressure medium reservoirs 104). It is advantageous here if each of the wheel brakes is assigned an inlet valve 102a, 102b, arranged between the pressure supply device 101 and the wheel brake, and an outlet valve 103a, 103b arranged between the wheel brake and the low pressure level (pressure medium reservoir 104).
[0052] By way of example, the inlet valves 102a, 102b and the outlet valves 103a, 103b are designed as pressure control valves, i.e. are analogized or capable of analog control.
[0053] The valves are preferably embodied as electromagnetically actuable valves, wherein the electric control variable is an electric current I to be fed to the electromagnetic drive. As an alternative, the valves or a part of the valves can be embodied as piezoelectrically controllable valves, wherein the electric control variable is an electric voltage U to be fed to the piezoelectric drive.
[0054] In the description which follows, the inlet valves 102a, 102b are assumed to be open in the state of rest (e.g. deenergized) and the outlet valves 103a, 103b are assumed to be closed in the state of rest (e.g. deenergized). However, the method according to the invention can also be carried out in a similar way with inlet valves 102a, 102b that are closed in the state of rest (e.g. deenergized) and/or with outlet valves 103a, 103b that are open in the state of rest (e.g. deenergized).
[0055] For control of the pressure supply device 101, of the inlet valves 102a, 102b and of the outlet valves 103a, 103b during operation of the brake system, the brake system comprises an electronic control and regulating unit 110. The control and regulating unit 110 is supplied with the signal of the pressure detection device 106.
[0056] Pressure supply device 101 can be adjusted continuously by electric motor. By way of example, it is designed as a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement, the piston of which can be actuated by an electric motor via a rotary/translational mechanism (linear actuator). However, it is also possible for pressure supply device 101 to be designed as a piston pump driven by an electric motor.
[0057] The pressure medium volume V output by the pressure supply device 101 can be determined by means of a travel or location detection device arranged on or in the pressure supply device 101, which detects a variable that characterizes the position or location of the pressure supply device. By way of example, a sensor 108 is provided for detecting the rotor location of the electric motor. This can also be a sensor for detecting a pump position.
[0058] It is advantageous if the brake system comprises a means 107 for detecting whether there is a volume flow through the pressure supply device 101 and/or for determining the magnitude of the volume flow q of the pressure supply device 101. The volume flow can be determined from the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device, for example. The motor speed can be calculated from measured voltages and currents, for example. To be more precise, the motor speed can be determined by means of the rotor location sensor 108 on the electric motor, for example. From the time profile of the rotor location, it is possible to determine the motor speed, e.g. by numerical derivation.
[0059] A control characteristic is taken (in a narrower sense) to be a dependence I=f(p or Δp) or U=f(p or Δp) of the electric valve control variable (e.g. of the control current I or the control voltage U) on the differential pressure (Δp) present at the valve or on a pressure (p) present at the valve (in the case of constant pressure at the other valve port) (e.g. current/pressure characteristic curve (I/p characteristic curve), opening characteristic curve). Moreover, the control characteristic is dependent on the volume flow q through the valve, with the result that a valve is fully described by a control characteristic I=F(p or Δp, q) or U=F(p or Δp, q) (e.g. in the form of a current/pressure characteristic map with volume flow as a parameter, working current characteristic map).
[0060] A first illustrative method for determining a control characteristic of an outlet valve is described below. By way of example, the outlet valve 103a of wheel brake 105a, said valve being closed when deenergized, is measured or calibrated. First of all, outlet valve 103a is closed or is already closed. The inlet valve 102a of wheel brake 105a is open (e.g. deenergized), with the result that the pressure o DBE of the pressure supply device 101 is equal to the pressure pa in wheel brake 105a (inlet-side pressure of outlet valve 103a) and can be determined by means of the pressure sensor 106. At the other wheel brakes, inlet valve 102b or outlet valve 103b or both are closed. By means of the pressure supply device 101, a first, e.g. specified, brake pressure is built up in the wheel brake 105a belonging to the outlet valve 103a to be calibrated, and is held constant by stopping the pressure supply device 101, i.e. the volume flow q of the pressure supply device is equal to zero. With the pressure supply device 101 inactive (unactivated), the electric valve control variable I of outlet valve 103a is changed continuously or in steps by means of the control and regulating unit 110, i.e. with an outlet valve 103a closed when deenergized, the current is increased continuously or in steps. When outlet valve 103a opens at a particular value of the valve control variable I, it being possible to detect this from a pressure drop across the pressure sensor 106, the pair of values comprising the value of the valve control variable I and the pressure pDBE is determined just before opening and is stored as a calibration point of the control characteristic, e.g. in the control and regulating unit 110. The pressure across outlet valve 103a is the differential pressure Δp=pa-pVB=pDBE-pVB. The method steps described are repeated at various brake pressure values. The pairs of values comprising the control variable I input and the associated pressure pDBE are in each case determined and stored as calibration points of the control characteristic.
[0061] In a second illustrative method for determining a control characteristic of an outlet valve, the procedure is not successively to build up various pressures, to set the volume flow q of the pressure supply device 101 to zero and then to change the valve control variable I of outlet valve 103a for each pressure but either to carry out a brake pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device 101 at various control variables I or to increase the control variable I and the pressure pDBE simultaneously. In this case, the pressure/volume characteristic curve of the wheel brake (e.g. 105a), which is connected to the pressure supply device 101 via an open inlet valve, must be known. The pressure/volume characteristic curve of a wheel brake is taken to mean the pressure medium requirement or volume consumption of the wheel brake as a function of the brake pressure or, in other words, the relationship between the brake pressure (corresponding to the braking torque) and the pressure-medium or volume requirements of the wheel brake. In the case of the pressure buildup by means of the pressure supply device 101, the pressure medium volume V output by the pressure supply device 101 is determined and compared with the pressure medium consumption of the wheel brake connected to the pressure supply device to be expected from the known pressure/volume characteristic curve. An opening point of outlet valve 103a, i.e. an associated pair of values comprising the valve control variable I and the pressure value pDBE can be detected from the fact that the pressure supply device 101 outputs more pressure medium volume V than is expected from the pressure medium consumption of the connected wheel brake. In this way, a number of calibration points of the control characteristic are determined and stored in succession.
[0062] It is advantageous if relevant intermediate points of the control characteristic are measured as calibration points. The regions between the calibration points can be defined by interpolation, while regions outside the calibration points can be defined by extrapolation, thus enabling a "complete" control characteristic to be determined and, if appropriate, stored.
[0063] In normal braking operation of the brake system, the stored control characteristic for outlet valve 103a is used for pressure regulation with a high accuracy by determination of the appropriate control variable I for outlet valve 103a at the desired pressure pa by means of the control characteristic.
[0064] The first and second illustrative methods described for determining the control characteristic of an outlet valve can advantageously also be carried out in a similar way to determine the control characteristic of an inlet valve, e.g. inlet valve 102a. For this purpose, the inlet valve 102a to be calibrated is closed. In addition, at least one wheel brake other than the wheel brake of the inlet valve to be calibrated (e.g. wheel brake 105b) is connected via the open inlet valve (e.g. 102b) thereof to the pressure supply device 101, and the associated outlet valve (e.g. 103b) is closed. The other inlet valves are closed. The other method steps relating to the building up of a pressure by means of the pressure supply device 101 and the changing/setting of the valve control variable I of the valve to be measured (in this case an inlet valve instead of an outlet valve) in order to determine the calibration point or calibration points correspond to the method steps described above, while, in the case of an inlet valve which is open when deenergized, the control variable I is correspondingly reduced and not increased, as in the case of the illustrative outlet valve, which is closed when deenergized.
[0065] A third illustrative method for determining a control characteristic of an inlet valve is described below. This is advantageously carried out when none of the wheel brakes are to be connected continuously to the pressure supply device via an open inlet valve. By way of example, the inlet valve 102a of wheel brake 105a, said inlet valve being open when deenergized, is measured or calibrated. First of all, all the inlet valves 102a, 102b are closed or already closed. At least the outlet valve 103a of wheel brake 105a is open, with the result that the pressure pa in wheel brake 105a (outlet-side pressure of inlet valve 102a) is equal to the pressure pVB in the pressure medium reservoir 104 (e.g. atmospheric pressure). As an alternative, it is also possible for the wheel pressure pa to be estimated from the volume consumed by wheel brake 105a with outlet valve 103a closed. The inlet-side pressure of inlet valve 102a corresponds to the pressure pDBE of the pressure supply device 101, which can be determined by means of the pressure sensor 106. Thus, it is in each case the differential pressure Δp=pDBE-pVB which is present across inlet valve 102a.
[0066] According to a first variant of the third embodiment, at a first, e.g. specified, pressure value pDBE of the pressure supply device 101, i.e. a fixed motor torque is set for the electric motor of the pressure supply device 101, for example, the control variable I of inlet valve 102a is reduced by the control and regulating unit 110 until inlet valve 102a opens. The opening point is detected by observing the volume flow q of the pressure supply device 101, e.g. with reference to the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device. When the beginning of a volume flow q of the pressure supply device 101 is detected, the corresponding pair of values comprising the valve control variable I input and the pressure pDBE is determined and stored as a calibration point. The method is then carried out for various pressure values pDBE of the pressure supply device 101, and the corresponding I/pDBE pairs of values are determined and stored.
[0067] According to a second variant of the third embodiment, the control variable I of inlet valve 102a is set successively to different values, and the pressure pDBE of the pressure supply device 101 is in each case increased, i.e. a rising motor torque is specified for the electric motor of the pressure supply device 101, until inlet valve 102a opens. According to a third variant of the third embodiment, the control variable I of inlet valve 102a is changed (reduced by way of example) and the pressure pDBE of the pressure supply device 101 is simultaneously increased until inlet valve 102a opens. In both variants, as in the first variant of the third embodiment, the opening point is detected by observing the volume flow q of the pressure supply device 101, e.g. with reference to the motor speed of the electric motor of the pressure supply device. When the beginning of a volume flow q is detected (q>0) of the pressure supply device 101, the corresponding pair of values comprising the valve control variable I input and the pressure pDBE is determined and stored as a calibration point.
[0068] As in the first and the second embodiment, relevant intermediate points of the control characteristic of the inlet valve are advantageously measured as calibration points by the third embodiment too. Regions between the calibration points can be defined by interpolation.
[0069] If the brake system comprises a means 107 for determining or setting the magnitude of the volume flow of the pressure supply device 101, the control characteristic (e.g. I/p characteristic curve) of the inlet valves and/or of the outlet valves can advantageously be determined at different volume flows q of the pressure supply device 101, with the volume flow q of the pressure supply device 101 corresponding to the volume flow through the valve to be calibrated. It is thus also possible to determine the control characteristic I=F(p or Δp, q) or U=F(p or Δp, q) of the valve, e.g. the dependence of the I/p characteristic curve on the volume flow q through the valve.
[0070] In normal braking operation of the brake system, the stored control characteristic for the inlet or outlet valve is used for high accuracy pressure regulation.
[0071] The above-described methods for determining a control characteristic of an inlet or outlet valve are advantageously carried out, in succession for example, for each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve.
[0072] By way of example, a method according to the invention for determining a control characteristic of an analogized or analog-controlled inlet and/or outlet valve is initiated independently at the time of initial startup in the motor vehicle. In the process, the control characteristic of each analogized or analog-controlled inlet and outlet valve is advantageously determined. A corresponding routine is stored, e.g. in the control and regulating unit. It is thereby made possible to adapt the control characteristic of the individual inlet and/or outlet valves to variations in manufacture.
[0073] It is furthermore advantageous if a method for determining the control characteristics or for calibrating the inlet and/or outlet valves is carried out repeatedly in an event-controlled and/or time-controlled manner in the motor vehicle during the time in operation. In this way, it is possible to achieve adaptation of the control characteristic of the individual inlet and/or outlet valves to aging effects.
[0074] According to another embodiment, at least one default control characteristic or a control characteristic map is stored in the control and regulating unit. This can be used for pressure regulation during the operation of the brake system until a valve-specific control characteristic has been determined for the inlet or outlet valve.
[0075] An illustrative brake system for carrying out a method according to the invention is shown schematically in FIG. 2. The brake system essentially comprises a hydraulic actuating unit 2 that can be actuated by means of an actuating or brake pedal 1, a travel simulator or simulation device 3 that interacts with the hydraulic actuating unit 2, a pressure medium reservoir 4 that is associated with the hydraulic actuating unit 2 and is under atmospheric pressure, an electrically controllable pressure supply device 5, an electronic control and regulating unit 12 and an electrically controllable pressure modulation device.
[0076] By way of example, the pressure modulation device comprises, for each wheel brake 8, 9, 10, 11 of a motor vehicle (not shown), an inlet valve 6a-6d and an outlet valve 7a-7d, said valves being connected together hydraulically in pairs via center ports and connected to the wheel brakes 8, 9, 10, 11. The inlet ports of the inlet valves 6a-6d are supplied by means of brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b with pressures which, in a "brake-by-wire" operating mode, are derived from a system pressure present in a system pressure line 38 connected to a pressure space 37 of the electrically controllable pressure supply device 5. A check valve 50a-50d opening toward the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b is connected in parallel with each of the inlet valves 6a-6d. In a fallback operating mode, the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b are subjected to the pressures of the pressure spaces 17, 18 of the actuating unit 2 via hydraulic lines 22a, 22b. The outlet ports of the outlet valves 7a-7d are connected to the pressure medium reservoir 4 in pairs by return lines 14a, 14b.
[0077] The hydraulic actuating unit 2 has, in a housing 21, two pistons 15, 16 arranged in series, which delimit hydraulic chambers or pressure spaces 17, 18 that, together with the pistons 15, 16, form a dual-circuit brake master cylinder or a tandem master cylinder. The pressure spaces 17, 18 are connected, on the one hand, to the pressure medium reservoir 4 via radial bores formed in the pistons 15, 16 and via corresponding pressure compensating lines 41a, 41b, wherein said bores and lines can be shut off by a relative movement of the pistons 17, 18 in the housing 21, and, on the other hand, by means of the hydraulic lines 22a, 22b to the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b already mentioned, via which the inlet valves 6a-6d are connected to the actuating unit 2. In this case, a diagnostic valve 28 which is open when deenergized is connected in parallel in the pressure compensating line 41a with a check valve 27 that closes toward the pressure medium reservoir 4. The pressure spaces 17, 18 accommodate return springs (not denoted specifically), which position the pistons 15, 16 in an initial location when the brake master cylinder 2 is unactuated. A piston rod 24 couples the pivoting movement of the brake pedal 1 due to a pedal actuation to the translational movement of the first (master cylinder) piston 15, the actuating travel of which is detected by a travel sensor 25, preferably embodied in a redundant manner. As a result, the corresponding piston travel signal is a measure of the brake pedal actuation angle. It represents a braking demand by a vehicle driver.
[0078] Respective isolating valves 23a, 23b, which are each designed as electrically actuable valves, which are preferably open when deenergized, are arranged in the line sections 22a, 22b connected to the pressure spaces 17, 18. By means of the isolating valves 23a, 23b, the hydraulic connection between the pressure spaces 17, 18 and the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b can be shut off. A pressure sensor 20 connected to line section 22b detects the pressure built up in pressure space 18 through a displacement of the second piston 16.
[0079] Travel simulator 3 is coupled hydraulically to the brake master cylinder 2 and is designed, for example, as an independent subassembly which consists essentially of a simulator chamber 29, a simulator spring chamber 30, and a simulator piston 31 separating the two 3 0 chambers 29, 30 from one another. Simulator piston 31 is supported on the housing 21 by means of an elastic element (e.g. a spring), which is arranged in the simulator spring chamber 30 and is advantageously preloaded. The simulator chamber 29 can be connected to the first pressure space 17 of the tandem master cylinder 2 by means of an electrically actuable simulator enable valve 32. When a pedal force is specified and the simulator enable valve 32 is activated, pressure medium flows from brake master cylinder pressure space 17 into the simulator chamber 29. A check valve 34 arranged hydraulically antiparallel to the simulator enable valve 32 allows a largely unhindered return flow of the pressure medium from the simulator chamber 29 to brake master cylinder pressure space 17, independently of the operating state of the simulator enable valve 32.
[0080] The electrically controllable pressure supply device 5 is designed as a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement or a single-circuit electrohydraulic actuator, the piston 36 of which can be actuated by a schematically indicated electric motor 35 via a rotary/translational mechanism, likewise illustrated schematically. Piston 36 delimits a pressure space 37. Additional pressure medium can be drawn into pressure space 37 by retraction of piston 36 with the connection valves 26a, 26b closed, allowing pressure medium to flow out of the pressure medium reservoir 4, via an anti-cavitation valve 52 designed as a check valve which opens in the direction of flow to the actuator, into the actuator pressure space 37.
[0081] To detect a variable that is characteristic of the position/location of the piston 36 of the pressure supply device 5, there is a sensor 44 which, by way of example, is embodied as a rotor location sensor serving for the detection of the rotor location of the electric motor 35. Other sensors are likewise conceivable, e.g. a travel sensor for detecting the position/location of piston 36. By means of the variable that is characteristic of the position/location of piston 36, it is possible to determine the pressure medium volume V output or consumed by the pressure supply device 5. A pressure sensor 19, preferably of redundant design, is provided to detect the pressure P produced by the pressure supply device 5.
[0082] In a normal braking function of the brake system ("brake-by-wire" operating mode), brake master cylinder 2 and hence the vehicle driver are decoupled from the wheel brakes 8, 9, 10, 11 by the closed isolating valves 23a, 23b, and the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b are connected by the opened connection valves 26a, 26b to the first pressure supply device 5, which supplies the system pressure for actuating the wheel brakes 8, 9, 10, 11. Simulation device 3 is connected up by the opened simulator enable valve 32, with the result that the pressure medium volume displaced in the brake master cylinder 2 through the actuation of the brake pedal 1 by the driver is received by the simulation device 3, and the simulation device 3 imparts to the vehicle driver a familiar brake pedal feel.
[0083] In a fallback operating mode of the brake system, e.g. in the case of failure of the electric energy supply of the entire brake system, the simulation device 3 is disconnected by the simulator enable valve 32, which is closed when deenergized, and the pressure supply device 5 is isolated from the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b by the connection valves 26a, 26b, which are closed when deenergized. Brake master cylinder 2 is connected via lines 22a, 22b to the isolating valves 23a, 23b, which are open when deenergized, to the brake circuit supply lines 13a, 13b and hence to the wheel brakes 8, 9, 10, 11, allowing the vehicle driver to build up pressure in the wheel brakes 8, 9, 10, 11 directly by actuating the brake pedal 1.
Patent applications by Christian Courth, Frankfurt DE
Patent applications by Hans-Jörg Feigel, Rosbach DE
Patent applications by Harald Biller, Eschborn DE
Patent applications by Jan Hoffmann, Rosbach DE
Patent applications in class Having signal, indicator or recorder of apparatus condition
Patent applications in all subclasses Having signal, indicator or recorder of apparatus condition
2015-04-16 Methods and systems for an oxygen sensor
2015-04-23 Hydraulic engine including hydraulic power unit
2015-04-09 Fluid pressure control device
2015-04-23 Impeller shell with grooves for increased flow area
2015-04-23 Hydraulic closed circuit system
2016-05-26 Sensor device, hydraulic unit for cooperating with the sensor device, braking system, and method for installing the sensor device
2016-01-07 Braking device for vehicle
2015-11-19 Master cylinder
2015-11-05 Master brake cylinder arrangement with actuation detection for a motor vehicle brake system
2014-05-22 Master brake cylinder arrangement with actuation detection for a vehicle brake system
2016-02-04 Pressure provision device and brake system
2016-01-28 Brake system for motor vehicles
2015-08-13 Braking system for motor vehicles and method for the operation of a braking system
2015-02-19 Electromagnetic valve, in particular for slip-controlled motor vehicle brake systems
Top Inventors for class "Power plants"
1 Gabriel L. Suciu
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is that I really don't have that many "worthy" recipes to share.
this type of cooking, but every day I'm getting better.
prep, and hours later a yummy warm dish to chow down on.
/ primal / paleo side of the road.
This recipe is my adaption of this short ribs recipe by Once A Month Mom.
all sides. (About 5 minutes per side) Remove from pan and set aside.
Place ribs in crockpot, cover with onion/garlic mixture.
sauce, and honey. Pour on top of meat in crockpot.
Add fresh thyme sprigs on top of meat.
You are so kind Lisa! I was SO worried about sharing that pic, because once we started taste testing, we were hooked and completely forgot to take a picture of them all pretty. Next time I make them I'll totally try and get a better snapshot of them, so you can see their fullest yummy potential!


With thousands of stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and ETFs, it is difficult to make the right call and enjoy a healthy return on investment without extra risks. To help you select the right industry or niche, we'll share the most promising sectors for investment, as defined by Paul Belogour.
Mr. Belogour has been running investment businesses since 2001, after leaving a position in the foreign exchange department of the Bank of Boston. CBFX turned into success and caught the attention of City Index. Later Pavel Belogour emerged on the market with BMFN. As the current CEO of BMFN, he helps thousands of individual brokers and investors across the world make money using international trading tools and innovative software.
Technology has been the driver of new markets. The Internet has turned from a source of entertainment and information into a lucrative business opportunity for cloud-based services. Paul Belogour recommends paying attention to SaaS business models that cater to business needs. Companies, such as Salesforce, Zendesk, and others, have shown steady growth over the last years. Besides software development vendors, technology sector includes electronics producers, AI developers, electric vehicle manufacturers, and more. The variety of available technology investment options is staggering, and you can choose a safe bet or take a risk, depending on your strategy.
The pharmaceutical industry is another solid choice for careful investors, according to Mr. Belogour. The aging population in the US and Western European countries keeps the demand for prescription drugs at an all-time high. Over 70% of American citizens require regular medication. As a result, pharmaceutical sales stay high through economic slumps and crises. The pharmaceutical industry boasts international growth opportunities to huge markets, such as China and India, while recent development in new treatment types, including gene therapy, show immense promise. However, Pavel Belogour urges newcomer brokers to investigate Big Pharma companies before investing to ensure there are no media scandals or class action suits in the making.
Commodities trading is a timeless investment option. Investing in raw materials or commodities stocks can diversify your portfolio and produce returns whenever other stocks take a plunge. Commodity trading is also an efficient inflation defense. Moreover, the development of global infrastructure projects over recent years has caused an increase in commodity prices. On the other hand, commodities are prone to extreme volatility because prices depend on seasonal demand, economic conditions, import restrictions, political changes, and more. Mr. Belogour does not recommend this sector for inexperienced investors and brokers.
Mutual funds provide newcomers with a chance for low-stress and low-risk investment. The variety of mutual funds allows you to invest with as little as $1,000 and slowly build up and diversify your portfolio. According to Pavel Belogour, there is a wide variety of no-load fund companies that will not charge commissions or extra fees.
Listed above are general recommendations by Mr. Belogour to help you identify promising sectors. Always research potential investment opportunities, weigh the risks and profits, try demo accounts, and consult professionals before committing to a strategy.
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Hello, and welcome to my Web page. I am a cardiologist practicing at the Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center.
I was born and raised in Northern California, and I completed my undergraduate training at UC Berkeley. I received my medical degree from the University of Rochester School of Medicine in 2001, and completed my internal medicine residency and chief residency at California Pacific Medical Center in 2005. I completed my cardiovascular diseases fellowship at both the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and California Pacific Medical Center in 2008. I then served as a fellow in echocardiography and adult congenital heart disease at UC San Francisco, and later as a UC San Francisco clinical instructor in the Division of Cardiology. I am board certified in internal medicine, cardiovascular diseases, echocardiography, and nuclear cardiology. I joined Kaiser Permanente in August of 2009, and am the Director of Adult Congenital Heart Diseases as well as the Medical Director of the Coronary Care Unit at the Los Angeles Medical Center.
I am an adult cardiologist with specific interests in adult congenital heart diseases, valvular heart diseases, and heart failure. In my practice and delivery of care, I work closely with my patients so that they may have a better understanding of their heart disease and what we can do to together to enable them to lead healthier lives.
I enjoy my time with family and friends and all that Southern California has to offer.


Earl G. Williams, du Naval Research Laboratory à Washington, invité par l'équipe Espaces acoustiques et cognitifs, présente : "Forward and Inverse Methods Using Spherical Measurement Arrays" An array of microphones populating a spherical boundary provides an exciting new tool to study a broad range of acoustic problems from concert halls to the interiors of aircraft and automobiles. These studies have used open arrays (transparent to the incident field) and closed arrays (flush mounted on a rigid surface). In either case and when viewed from a mathematical prospective the open and the closed spheres are perhaps the only practical geometries in which the measured field can be expanded into orthogonal eigenfunctions (called spherical harmonics) and extrapolated without error off the surface (using spherical Hankel/Bessel functions) to predict the pressure in the space outside or inside the sphere. Outside the sphere these extrapolations can be reformulated as plane waves and can predict an equivalent three-dimensional distribution of plane waves that exist outside the array, extremely useful in studying the reflectivity of the bounding surfaces in auditoriums. Smaller confined spaces such as the interior of automobiles are better treated using inverse methods to extrapolate the field throughout the interior again using open or closed array measurements. These methods are a form of near-field acoustical holography (NAH) and are very powerful in their ability to image the acoustic intensity fields – the flow of energy in the interior - providing a powerful visual metric to identify structural sources of noise. Popular source imaging methods often promoted by instrument companies use delay-sum beamforming with open arrays and are attractive because of their mathematical simplicity. This lecture provides a broad discussion of these approaches discussing the basic theories in a unified way and comparing results to illuminate capabilities. Although most of the literature deals with the frequency domain, we derive a new time-domain formulation using generalized function analysis that we hope will prove useful to the acoustics/ambisonics community. Research supported by ONR. *** --- *** --- *** ----*** --- *** --- *** ----*** Vita for Earl G. Williams (2013) Dr. Williams is Senior Scientist for Structural Acoustics and Sound Field Reconstruction in the Acoustics Division at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) in Washington DC where he has worked for 32 years. He is an internationally recognized scientist whose pioneering research in the field of near-field acoustical holography has impacted acoustics research and development throughout the world. His research was formally recognized by NRL as one of the 35 most innovative technologies there over the past 75 years where it has been a major contributor in changing and molding the thinking of navy and non-navy researchers towards the quieting of the U.S. submarines and surface ships. His recent work with spherical arrays has provided new and innovative methods to image and diagnose, in situ, noise sources inside aircraft and automobiles. In 2006 Dr. Williams turned to apply his techniques to the electromagnetic realm and has been very successful at developing methods to image the electromagnetic fields on ship hulls using navy silencing-range data. Dr. Williams' depth of knowledge in the field of structural acoustics, including sound radiation, is demonstrated in his acclaimed book "Fourier Acoustics, Sound Radiation and Nearfield Acoustical Holography" published by Academic Press in 1999. As well as a reference book it is being used as a textbook in university graduate programs. In 2005 a Japanese translation was published by Springer, Tokyo. Over the past 32 years Dr. Williams has presented over 70 invited and keynote lectures throughout the world and has over 100 publications to his credit. In 2009 he was awarded the Per Bruel Gold Medal from the ASME "in recognition of eminent achievement and extraordinary merit in the field of noise control and acoustics".


This stunning plaid stole available in all of the Pride of Scotland plaids can make a simple dress look very special! Wool backed with velvet and finished off with 3 exquisite plaid flowers in each corner.
Please note that as standard we back the plaid stole with black velvet but other colours are available if you prefer.


If you've noticed that your skin has lost some of its suppleness, if it has fine lines, wrinkles or uneven pigmentation, you may have sun damage. As studies have shown, sun damage can lead to skin cancers such as basal and squamous cell carcinoma, the occasionally deadly melanoma and precancerous conditions such as solar keratoses. The problem is especially acute for people with fair skin.
Fortunately, the way to preserve the beauty of the skin is easy to obtain. It is sunscreen.
Sunscreen is a topical preparation used to protect against the sun's damaging ultraviolet rays. There are three types of ultraviolet ray, but only two, A and B, affect people on earth. UVA radiation damages the skin by stimulating the production of dangerous free radicals and puts a person at higher risk for melanoma. UVB light also causes free radical production as well as sunburn and other types of skin cancer.
Ultraviolet radiation also damages those substances like collagen and elastin that keep skin supple and young-looking. A sunscreen that contains titanium oxide gives extra protection to these substances. Other ingredients that should be in a good sunscreen include zinc oxide and parsol. The sunscreen should also be hypoallergenic and should not block the pores, which can lead to acne, rashes and other skin problems.
Sunscreen can be a lotion, a gel or a spray. There are two types: one absorbs UV radiation and the other reflects it. The most effective sunscreen when it comes to preserving both the beauty and health of the skin is one that protects against both UVA and UVB light.
Sunscreens are rated by their SPF factor. The higher the rating is, the longer it can be worn before the person's skin starts to suffer the effects of sunburn. However, this doesn't mean that the person doesn't need to replenish a higher rated sunscreen. Usually, sunscreen is reapplied every two hours or so. Experts recommend that a person wear a sunscreen with an SPF of at least 30.
As noted aesthetic doctor Dr. Chen Tai Ho said, "To get the best results, sunscreen should be worn every day, whether the sun is shining or not. Some ultraviolet rays can penetrate through cloud cover!" Not only that, but putting on sunscreen as assiduously as one puts on clothes or make-up trains the body to work with sunscreen and prevent damage to its DNA. Make sure that the sunscreen thoroughly covers exposed parts of the body, and make sure to refresh the sunscreen according to the manufacturer's directions. One other bit of good news is that newer models of sunscreen are water-proof. This means they don't automatically have to be reapplied after swimming.
By the way, it is important for even dark-skinned people to put on sunscreen when they go out into the sun, even though they may not need as high an SPF rating as people with fair skin.


text:
Mike Tomlin didn't take kindly to Terry Bradshaw's cheerleader comment
NFLBy David Lauterbach on 12/27/2016 07/01/2020
On Friday December 23rd, retired NFL quarterback Terry Bradshaw called out Pittsburgh Steelers' Head Coach Mike Tomlin for being "really a great cheerleader guy." On Tuesday, let's just say Tomlin didn't take kindly to that cheerleader comment.
Aditi Kinkhabwala is a reporter for the NFL Network and NFL.com and was at Tomlin's press conference today when Bradshaw's comments came up. Here's what the Steelers' head coach had to say.
Woah. While Mike Tomlin says no issue w/ critiques, he does believe term like "cheerleader" is over the line and disrespectful.
— Aditi Kinkhabwala (@AKinkhabwala) December 27, 2016
Mike Tomlin says of Terry Bradshaw, "What do I know? I grew up a Dallas an, in particular a Hollywood Henderson fan." (1/2)
For all the kiddos at home, Hollywood Henderson once said Terry Bradshaw "couldn't spell 'cat' if you spotted him the 'c' and the 'a.'"
Tomlin definitely didn't hold back when going after Bradshaw and neither did his players.
Not bad for a cheerleader. ?
— Vince Williams (@VinnyVidiVici98) December 26, 2016
"We weren't happy about it," guard David DeCastro told ESPN's Jeremy Fowler. "Hopefully it will fire us up the rest of the way.
"I pulled up ESPN around 10 p.m. (Friday) and was like, 'What the hell is this?. I don't get what the motivation is. Is this to get your name out there more or something? What are you doing?"
Quarterback Ben Roethlisberger simply disregarded Bradshaw's comments.
"What did Kansas say? Dust in the wind," Roethlisberger said.
The Steelers are 10-5 and have locked up the AFC North division crown for the second time in the last three years. Despite the fact that Tomlin has had great success in Pittsburgh since taking over from Bill Cowher as head coach in 2007, Tomlin went in on his critique of Bradshaw's comments to say he doesn't think his resume compares to those of Bill Belichick and Gregg Popovich.
Here's the full response from Tomlin, where he described Bradshaw's comments as in "the area of disrespect and unprofessional".
Here is Mike Tomlin's full answer on Terry Bradshaw's criticism: pic.twitter.com/Rn66wCPiXC
— Jeremy Fowler (@JFowlerESPN) December 27, 2016
Tomlin led Pittsburgh to a victory in Super Bowl XLIII in 2008, his second year at the helm of the team. 2016 will be Tomlin's 7th trip to the playoffs in 10 seasons as the Steelers' head coach. In 2008, he was named Coach of the Year and has never finished under .500 during his decade in charge of the team.
That sounds like a pretty solid head coach resume to me.
[Larry Brown Sports]
mike tomlinNFLPittsburgh Steelersterry bradshaw
About David Lauterbach
David is a writer for The Comeback. He enjoyed two Men's Basketball Final Four trips for Syracuse before graduating in 2016. If The Office or Game of Thrones is on TV, David will be watching.
View all posts by David Lauterbach

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Then Came You is officially in Select Theaters and On Demand Today, head on over to Shout Studios for more information on where you can view it. Be sure to check the movie out this weekend.
Shout! Studios has nabbed the North American rights to the Asa Butterfield-, Maisie Williams- and Nina Dobrev-starring teen drama Then Came You, from director Peter Hutchings and Voltage Pictures.
Shout! plans a cross-platform rollout beginning with a theatrical launch in early 2019. Then Came You, formerly Arrivals, is a coming-of-age story from BCDF Pictures and Voltage Pictures.
Directed by Peter Hutchings and written by Fergal Rock, the film portrays Skye (Williams), as a teenager with a terminal illness who befriends Calvin (Butterfield), a hypochondriac afraid of his own shadow. Calvin helps Skye carry out her eccentric list of things to do before she dies, and in the process falls in love with a beautiful, but seemingly untouchable Izzy (Dobrev).
"With a charmingly offbeat script and a winning cast, Peter Hutchings deftly blends humor and pathos into a sweet coming-of-age story that will elicit as many laughs as tears. It's a film that leaves you really glad you watched it," Jordan Fields, vp acquisitions at Shout! Studios, said in a statement.
Then Came You also stars Tyler Hoechlin, David Koechner, Peyton List, Tituss Burgess, Sonya Walger, Margot Bingham and Ken Jeong (Crazy Rich Asians).
No longer called Departures now Then Came You, making it's premiere at the 2018 Woodstock Film Festival October 12th and 13th you can purchase tickets here.
Calvin (Asa Butterfield) is a hypochondriac who's dropped out of college and is working as an airport baggage handler with his dad (David Koechner) and brother (Tyler Hoechlin). When his doctor sends him to a cancer support group to gain some real perspective, he meets Skye (Maisie Williams), a British teenager with a terminal illness. She enlists him to help her carry out her eccentric bucket list, and in return she helps him talk to his crush, a flight attendant named Izzy (Nina Dobrev). Ken Jeong, Sonya Walger, Peyton List, and Tituss Burgess also star.


text:
Canadiens' Phillip Danault taken off Bell Centre ice on stretcher
Forward to spend night in hospital after taking a slapshot from the Boston Bruins' Zdeno Chara directly in the head off the side of his helmet.
Stu Cowan • Montreal Gazette
Jan 14, 2018 • Last Updated January 14, 2018 • 3 minute read
The Canadiens' Phillip Danault lies injured on the ice after he was hit in the head by a slapshot from the Boston Bruins' Zdeno Chara during second period NHL action at the Bell Centre in Montreal on Jan. 13, 2018. Photo by Graham Hughes /THE CANADIAN PRESS
There was a scary scene at the Bell Centre Saturday night as the Canadiens' Phillip Danault was taken off the ice on a stretcher after taking a slapshot from the Boston Bruins' Zdeno Chara in the head.
With 1:37 remaining in the second period, the 6-foot-9, 250-pound Chara wound up and blasted a shot from the blue line. Danault, who was standing at the top of the faceoff circle, turned his head slightly and took a direct hit on the right side of his head off his helmet. Danault fell to the ice and appeared to be unconscious as Graham Rynbend, the Canadiens' head athletic therapist, rushed onto the ice to tend to him.
Hockey Night in Canada on CBC and Sportsnet reported Chara's shot was clocked at 123 km/h. Chara holds the record for hardest shot ever at the NHL All-Star Skills competition with a 108.8-mph blast (175 km/h) in 2012.
Canadiens' Phillip Danault is stretchered off the ice after he was hit in the head by a puck on a shot by Boston Bruins' Zdeno Chara in Montreal on Saturday, Jan. 13, 2018. Photo by Graham Hughes /THE CANADIAN PRESS
After spending several minutes down on the ice, Danault tried to get up to his knees but couldn't. A stretcher was called for and a full medical team was quickly on the ice. Danault was put on a backboard and then a stretcher and taken off the ice as fans at the Bell Centre chanted "Da-nault! Da-nault!"
The Canadiens announced at 9:21 p.m. that Danault had indeed suffered a head injury and was taken to a hospital for further exams. He was awake and moving. After the game, coach Claude Julien said the early reports from the hospital were good and that Danault would be kept overnight and be re-evaluated in the morning.
The game was halted after Danault was injured and the teams went to their locker rooms with the remaining 1:37 of the second period added to the start of the third period.
The score was tied 3-3 at the time of Danault's injury and the Bruins went on to win 4-3 in a shootout. Max Pacioretty, Nicolas Deslauriers and Alex Galchenyuk scored for the Canadiens in regulation time, while the Bruins got goals from Brad Marchand, Jake DeBrusk and David Krejci. Marchand scored the winner in the shootout.
Canadiens captain Max Pacioretty said after the game that he wasn't certain if Danault was knocked out by Chara's slapshot.
"You were thinking pretty positively and then you saw some blood and then you get a little bit shaken up," Pacioretty said about his reaction when Danault tried to get up.
"I didn't see the replay of the shot, but I thought the blood was on the back there (of his head) but I could be wrong. It looked like that's what he was holding with the towels, but I could be wrong about that. We're just worried for our friend, but hopefully he's OK."
Chara looked visibly shaken while Danault was down on the ice. The Bruins captain skated up to the stretcher and appeared to speak to Danault before he was taken off the ice.
"I wanted to be there," Chara told Sportsnet's Eric Engels after the game. "Obviously, I wanted to talk to him. I felt bad, obviously, that he got hit. I wanted to make sure he was OK and he was responding. You gotta obviously focus on the game and worry about it after the game."
"Just hoping he's not hurt," Chara added. "That's all you see, the first thing that goes through your mind. Hopefully he's not hurt."
It's not the first time Chara has been involved in a scary play at the Bell Centre. During a game on March 8, 2011, Chara checked Pacioretty hard into a stanchion between the bench areas, knocking the Canadiens captain unconscious and he was taken off on the ice on a stretcher with a concussion and a fractured cervical vertebra in his neck that ended his season.
scowan@postmedia.com
twitter.com/StuCowan1


London-born Anna Clyne is a composer of acoustic and electro-acoustic music. Her work, described as "dazzlingly inventive" by Time Out New York, often includes collaborations with cutting edge choreographers, visual artists, film-makers, and musicians worldwide.
Appointed by Music Director Riccardo Muti, Clyne served as a Mead Composer-in-Residence for the Chicago Symphony Orchestra from 2010-2015, and is currently Composer-in-Residence for the Orchestre National d'Ile de France. She is the recipient of several prestigious awards and was recently nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Classical Composition, for her double violin concerto, Prince of Clouds.
Highlights for the 15-16 season include a new work for 100 cellos, commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic, to be premiered at the Hollywood Bowl; This Lunar Beauty for the Britten Sinfonia with soprano Anna Dennis; This Midnight Hour, to be premiered by L'Orchestre National d'Ile de France at Philharmonie de Paris and with a US premiere by the Seattle Symphony; and a new orchestral ballet for the Cabrillo Festival with conductor Marin Alsop.
Clyne holds a first-class Bachelor of Music degree with honors from Edinburgh University and a Master of Music degree from Manhattan School of Music. Her music is published by Boosey & Hawkes.
Where is the border between language and music? How does sound harden into signification, and how does language break down into song?
The past, present, and future of jazz brilliantly coexist on "Present Time", the second album by tenor and soprano saxophone virtuoso & visionary composer Matt Parker. Parker and his fellow travelers – bassist Alan Hampton & drummer Reggie Quinerly – constantly shift the listener's awareness of time through music, from the march rhythms of New Orleans to the stark freedom of group improvisation.Special Guests include Michael Arthur, live drawings, and Emily Braden, vocals.


text:
Topic Messaging and collaboration
SubTopic Exchange Server management
Exchange Online admin
Exchange Server management
Legacy Exchange Server
Manage Office 365 and Microsoft SaaS
Outlook management
Manage SharePoint
Hosted Exchange Server prep work: Archiving and compliance suggestions
Proper preparation is crucial before moving to hosted Exchange Server. How you'll remain compliant and your archiving setup are aspects to plan for.
Lee Benjamin, ExchangeGuy Consulting Services
Welcome to the final installment in our three-part series on hosted Exchange Server. In previous installments, we examined the hosted Exchange Server market, as well as crucial facts to know and questions to ask before moving to a hosted model. As we wrap up the series, we look at two more pieces of the puzzle: compliance and e-discovery.
Staying compliant
As a wider variety of organizations -- including medical and financial institutions -- move from on-premises Exchange deployments to hosted Exchange, concerns about maintaining compliance have caused admins to raise a wary eyebrow.
Meeting the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), for example, which regulates the protection of certain health information, means that employers must secure any health information that's sent via email.
Microsoft Exchange Server secures SMTP traffic with Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) for email over the Internet. That said, it's an Exchange administrator's responsibility to prove that email is, in fact, protected. Mobile devices compound the challenge of maintaining compliance. Laptops, smartphones and mobile devices should be encrypted, have policies barring unauthorized access, and require that all traffic to and from said devices is also protected via SSL.
Additionally, if mobile security policies are not properly configured, accessing corporate information via Outlook Web Access (OWA) can potentially leave unencrypted private documents exposed on a public system or kiosk. Although the email session is SSL-encrypted, the document or spreadsheet that you view is actually downloaded to the hard drive in an unencrypted format.
OWA in Exchange 2010 has an option to render the file for viewing inside of the secure browser window. Certain compliance regulations require that organizations prove such data would not be exposed under these circumstances.
Data archiving and e-discovery
E-discovery is another important part of the hosted Exchange Server equation. A company may be legally compelled to retrieve information from computer systems and deliver that data to the courts in the event of a lawsuit. Electronic records including email, calendars and associated documents exist in huge numbers within Exchange, on file servers and in portals within an organization.
If you do not already have an archive for Exchange, get one. Copies of email messages, calendars and the makeup of distribution lists (when the message was sent) are saved to this repository. If you want to audit your policies, need to prove compliance or have to retrieve messages that the courts request, you'll need to pull all of this information from the archive.
The archive is fundamentally different from the data in your active messaging folders. Inboxes and other folders are constantly changing, whereas the archive is an ongoing collection of every item that comes into or goes out of your messaging system.
A backup captures a point in time; items can be restored as they existed when the backup was made, but a message that was created and deleted between backups would not exist. The archive also captures metadata about items. You'll most likely need to expand distribution lists from the moment the message was sent.
The key requirement for compliance and discovery is the ability to search the archive. Basic search functionality may be enough. But what really changes if this repository resides in the cloud in a hosted Exchange Server environment? Not too much, in fact. It's best to allow the service provider that handles antivirus and anti-spam filtering to preserve the data.
Exchange Server 2010 has a capable feature that builds archives directly into a user's mailbox. While the personal archives may not have all the bells and whistles of a full-blown archiving solution from a third-party vendor, it allows organizations of any size to meet data-retention requirements. This primarily satisfies the need to move those pesky .pst files from users' hard drives to a secure server platform where the liability exposure to data leakage/loss can be mitigated.
Over time, you can move the data archive from your on-premises deployment to the hosted Exchange server. For medium and large accounts, you'll have to do this in a controlled fashion; and only once your organization is properly prepared. The key here is to start that archive as soon as possible; you never know when you will need it.
Lee Benjamin is an expert on Microsoft Exchange with in-depth experience in a number of other messaging systems. Since retiring from Microsoft in 1997, he has been a consultant for enterprise and medium-sized organizations and software firms. He currently specializes in migration and upgrade advice, technical writing and evaluation, product strategy, and training and courseware development. Lee is an analyst at Ferris Research, chairman of the largest Exchange user group in the world, Exchange Server Boston and a director for Boston User Groups.
Dig Deeper on Exchange Server setup and troubleshooting
Clear up misconceptions about hosted Exchange services
How Office 365 eases storage woes while keeping admins busy
By: Dan Sullivan
Microsoft Exchange Online explained
By: Stephen Bigelow
Five areas a hosted Exchange service level agreement must address
Lee Benjamin asks:
Would you ever consider moving to a hosted Exchange Server model?
5 ways to accelerate time-to-value with data –DellEMC
Microsoft Exchange Server email archiving tutorial – SearchWindowsServer
Microsoft Exchange Online explained – SearchWindowsServer
Five areas a hosted Exchange service level agreement ... – SearchWindowsServer
SearchExchange - 25 Feb 2013 5:51 AM
AnonymousUser - 25 Feb 2013 9:05 AM
the Best is On-Premises
AnonymousUser - 11 Mar 2013 2:25 PM
In the process of migrating now
AnonymousUser - 18 Jun 2013 5:05 AM
We actually performed a cut-off migration to Exchange Online from an on-premise Lotus Domino & Notes installation.


This stunning jewel toned wedding at Khimaira Farms was one of the highlights of my Fall season, set in front of a mountainous landscape in Luray, Virginia. Using wildflowers to accentuate the natural beauty of the setting, the goat farm and rustic barn proved the perfect backdrop for an amazing wedding day. The bride's trumpet style Nicole Miller gown was a chic and classic silhouette, and I am head over heels for the deep purple and teal green bridesmaid dresses. The evening's cocktail hour began with a baby goat visiting the guests, and concluded with many joy-filled toasts.


text:
Please check toronto.ca/home/covid-19/ for the most up to date COVID-19 information.
You can also find information on Monkeypox and the Monkeypox vaccine on the City's website: www.toronto.ca/community-people/health-wellness-care/health-programs-advice/monkeypox/
Toronto Public Health
Toronto Public Health (TPH) reports to the Board of Health and is responsible for the health and well-being of all 2.9 million residents. TPH has focused on protecting and promoting the health of Toronto residents since 1883 by:
preventing the spread of disease, promoting healthy living and advocating for conditions that improve health for Toronto residents
using surveillance to monitor the health status of the population in order to respond to on-going and emerging health needs
developing and implementing public policy and practices that enhance the health of individuals, communities and the entire city
Learn more about the City of Toronto's health clinics, vaccinations, health inspections & monitoring online: https://www.toronto.ca/community-people/health-wellness-care/
Support is available. The City of Toronto has partnered with ten organizations to help connect residents to free telephone, text and online mental health support during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Through this partnership, the City's mental health support plan responds to the needs of children and youth, seniors, frontline workers, as well as those with intersectional identities, such as Indigenous, Black, persons with disabilities and LGBTQ2S, who are struggling with isolation, stress and anxiety exacerbated by COVID-19 measures.
Our partners provide free mental health supports to diverse communities across Toronto:
Across Boundaries
Caribbean African Canadian Social Services
Family Services Toronto
Gerstein Crisis Centre
Hong Fook
Native Child and Family Services of Toronto
Ontario Psychological Association
Strides Toronto
The Access Point
Toronto Seniors Helpline (WoodGreen)
Warm Line (Progress Place)
Call 911 if you are in an emergency, immediate danger, or medical distress. For other needs, call 211 to be connected to mental health and other social services.
South Riverdale Community Health Centre
South Riverdale Community Health Centre is a non-profit, multi-service organizaton that provides primary healthcare, social and community outreach services with an emphasis on health promotion and disease prevention primarily to people of East Toronto.
Community services include cutting-edge primary health services, health promotion, harm reduction, environmental health, community food centre and population-based community programs for marginalized peoples.
SRCHC is located at 955 Queen St. East (near Queen and Carlaw). Learn more at https://www.srchc.ca/.
Michael Garron Hospital
Michael Garron Hospital (formerly Toronto East General Hospital), a division of Toronto East Health Network, is a vibrant community teaching hospital serving one of Canada's most diverse communities. The hospital is located at 825 Coxwell Avenue. Visit www.tehn.ca to learn more.
Error in tag 'tag' - No such tag slug health_amp_safety


It's here, the anticipated World Cup 2018 group draw. Who will England get or who will your Nation get in the group. Who will be entered into the group of death this year?
Join us for an evening of festive cheer with Christchurch Carollers! With a tankard of mulled wine in your hand, our Christmas lights twinkling around you and the beautiful voices of carol singers in your ear - we can be sure to turn even the biggest humbug into a Christmas fiend!
St Aldates will be holding an Anti-Valentines day. Footie - Beer - Burger - £8 WIN DINNER FOR TWO by telling us your funniest date stories... Pop into the pub and submit your story in our bar box and we will contact you if you win!
XT have some new designs and some great beers to showcase. Pop down to St Aldates Tavern to sample the wares and to see the new designs for 2018. Entry is free but suggest turning up early to join what promises to be a fun filled evening.
It's a tap takeover!!! And in the best way possible, XT have been hard at work brewing some of your favourite beers. They will be dominating our taps for a week. On Tuesday we have even managed to get them to pop down for a meet the Brewer and tasting evening. We can't wait and know you can't either.
In recent years this has been the wooden spoon event, however both teams have made massive improvements recently. Both teams will be fighting hard to get that win and we have it live before the other two games and sadly the end of the 6 Nations for another year.
We are open and we are live in the Blue Room and Main bar for another great match up in the Boxing World. Book your table now for the best view of the fight on the night.
Hop down to St Aldates Tavern this Sunday for Easter Day celebrations! We'll be crafting the perfect Sunday roast (no fooling here), serving perfect beer (or here) and topping it up with some footie on the telly (we never joke about football)! For kids and kids at heart - traditional egg hunt is ON! See you at the bar bunnies!
Grand National Day is back this April! Make sure you experience the 171st Grand National in style at St Aldates Tavern with horsey beer (no horses were harmed in making it), fabulous freshly made dishes and opportunity to win up to £50 bar tab! The World is watching - join in!
Yes, it does exist! How you celebrate? You start your day off with a big old heaping serving of Eggs Benedict, for starters! Just imagine: rich flavorful Hollaindaise sauce, salty and savoury ham, perfectly poached eggs, and the fluffy yet crunchy texture of Ciabatta. Join us Monday, 16th of April for a perfect dish of Eggs Benedict. Book Your Table!
The Oxford Branch of the BSA regularly runs SciBar and PubhD events. They also run one off events every so often including exhibitions and hands-on activities designed to involve people of all ages from our local community. Thanks to their partnership with the Oxford University Press they always have an eye on the latest science books released. This allows us to host the most popular authors on the market for the SciBar events! Book Your Table!


text:
Damavand destroyer to join naval fleet in Caspian Sea soon: Iran Navy chief
Saturday, 09 July 2022 11:54 AM
Iranian Navy Commander Rear Admiral Shahram Irani says the homegrown Damavand destroyer, outfitted with state-of-the-art equipment, will soon join the Navy's fleet in the Caspian Sea north of the country.
The commander made the remarks on Saturday on the sidelines of the second day of the two-day military drills "Sustainable Security 1401" in the Caspian Sea.
"The Damavand destroyer has been built using the most recent equipment with the efforts of domestic experts and will soon join the northern fleet of the [Iranian] Navy in a special ceremony, he said.
He further explained that Damavand has been produced with the aim of safeguarding the country's territorial integrity across the Caspian Sea.
The Navy chief also admired his forces' technological advances in the Caspian Sea region, where, he said, the Islamic Republic produces many destroyers.
"The enemies should know that the era of illusions is over now, and the sacred establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran has reached a high level of prosperity regarding its armed forces," he said.
Commenting on the drills, Irani said if similar exercises are held jointly with friendly neighboring countries, the security level in the strategic sea "will increase significantly."
Iran's Deputy Navy Commander Rear Admiral Hamzeh Ali Kaviani said on Friday that the annual drills are being held at three levels of water, land, and air with the purpose of assessing the performance of systems and preparedness of the naval forces in the Caspian Sea.
He said various surface and airborne units of the Navy, including ship-based missile launchers, helicopters, and sea-based drones and electronic warfare systems, as well as marine and ranger units of the Navy are participating in the maritime exercise.
Describing the Caspian Sea as the sea of peace and friendship for the neighboring countries, Kaviani said, "We will not allow anyone to disrupt order and security of this sea."
The Islamic Republic's military doctrine holds that the country's armed capability solely serves defensive purposes and poses no threat to other states.


On this episode of TAC iPad is here! Well... sort of. Jocelyn is really happy about it anyway... and Dills "moved" to Canada to download it legally. There's also a big Hearthstone tournament on the horizon via DreamHack Bucharest, and we are very jealous of everyone able to attend. As always we read some crazy game stories and take your emails.
Also, Garrett and Dills are starting a new show. Into the Nexus starts this Thursday. It's a new show about Blizzard's Heroes of the Storm and will record every Thursday at 9pm Eastern, but this week's first episode will record at 8pm Eastern. Follow Twitch.tv/amovetv and go to Amove.tv/itn for everything Into the Nexus.
You can support The Angry Chicken by going to www.patreon.com/tac.
Follow us on Twitch.tv/amovetv and subscribe to the Amove Youtube at Youtube.com/starcastshow. You can email the show at TACpodcast@gmail.com.


text:
using MySqlConnector;
using Stankins.Interfaces;
using StankinsCommon;
using StankinsObjects;
using StankinsReceiverDB;
using System;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace Stankins.MariaDB
{
    public class ReceiveMetadataFromDatabaseMariaDB : DatabaseReceiver
    {
        public ReceiveMetadataFromDatabaseMariaDB(CtorDictionary dataNeeded) : base(new CtorDictionary(dataNeeded)
            .AddMyValue(
                nameof(connectionType), typeof(MySqlConnection).AssemblyQualifiedName)
            )
        {
            this.Name = nameof(ReceiveMetadataFromDatabaseMariaDB);
        }
        public ReceiveMetadataFromDatabaseMariaDB(string connectionString) : this(
            new CtorDictionary(){
              {nameof(  connectionString),connectionString }
            })
        {
            this.Name = nameof(ReceiveMetadataFromDatabaseMariaDB);
        }

        public override async Task<IDataToSent> TransformData(IDataToSent receiveData)
        {
            receiveData ??= new DataToSentTable();
            var b = new MySqlConnectionStringBuilder(base.connectionString);
            var tablesString = $"select Concat(Table_SCHEMA,'.' ,TABLE_NAME) as id , TABLE_NAME  as name from  information_schema.TABLES where TABLE_SCHEMA='{b.Database}'";
            var newTables = FromSql(tablesString, "tables");

            var cols = $@"select
case when COALESCE (IS_NULLABLE , '') = 'YES' then 1
else 0
end as IS_NULLABLE,
Concat(Table_SCHEMA,'.' ,TABLE_NAME,'.',COLUMN_NAME) as id,
COLUMN_NAME as name, Concat(Table_SCHEMA, '.', TABLE_NAME) as tableId
, COLUMN_TYPE as type
from information_schema.COLUMNS where TABLE_SCHEMA = '{b.Database}'
";

            var newCols = FromSql(cols, "columns");
            var rels = $@"select CONCAT(Table_SCHEMA,'.' ,TABLE_NAME,'.',COLUMN_NAME,'.',CONSTRAINT_NAME) as id

,CONSTRAINT_NAME as name
,CONCAT(Table_SCHEMA,'.',TABLE_NAME) as parent_object_id
,CONCAT(Table_SCHEMA,'.',TABLE_NAME,'.',COLUMN_NAME) as parent_column_id
,CONCAT(REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA,'.',REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME) as referenced_object_id
,CONCAT(REFERENCED_TABLE_SCHEMA,'.',REFERENCED_TABLE_NAME,'.',REFERENCED_COLUMN_NAME) as referenced_column_id

from information_schema.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE  where TABLE_SCHEMA='{b.Database}'
";
            var newRels = FromSql(rels, "relations");

            var keySql = @"SELECT
DISTINCT
CONCAT(Table_Schema ,'.',TABLE_NAME,'.',COLUMN_NAME,'.',Constraint_Name) as id,
CONCAT(Table_Schema ,'.',Constraint_Name ) AS name,
CONCAT(Table_Schema ,'.', TABLE_NAME) as tableId,
CONCAT(Table_SCHEMA ,'.', TABLE_NAME,'.',COLUMN_NAME) as column_id,
'PRIMARY' as type_desc
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.KEY_COLUMN_USAGE "
;
            keySql += $@"where TABLE_SCHEMA='{b.Database}'";
            keySql += $@"and Constraint_Name='PRIMARY'";

            var newKeys = FromSql(keySql, "keys");

            await Task.WhenAll(newTables, newCols, newRels, newKeys);
            var ids = FastAddTables(receiveData, newTables.Result, newCols.Result, newRels.Result, newKeys.Result);
            var r = new Relation();
            r.IdTableParent = ids[0];
            r.IdTableChild = ids[1];
            r.ColumnParent = "id";
            r.ColumnChild = "databaseId";
            receiveData.Metadata.Relations.Add(r);

            r = new Relation();
            r.IdTableParent = ids[1];
            r.IdTableChild = ids[2];
            r.ColumnParent = "id";
            r.ColumnChild = "tableId";
            receiveData.Metadata.Relations.Add(r);

            return receiveData;

        }

        public override Task<IMetadata> TryLoadMetadata()
        {
            throw new NotImplementedException();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub