text:
COVID-19 Travel Advice
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Coronavirus service updates across Tees Valley
Coronavirus Council Updates & Information
We understand that the Coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic is a time of change and constant updates, so we have collected pages from our Tees Valley region that we hope will lead you to the information you need and review government guidance.
Each local authority in Tees Valley has information for your area, there are also lots of ways to get involved and help through volunteering.
For the latest information and update on Darlington Borough Council Services during the Coronavirus pandemic.
Darlington Borough Council has opened a seven days a week information and advice service for those who are self-isolating and can't get help from family, friends or volunteers. To contact the Darlington Community Support HUB for help please call 01325 405000
Darlington Community Support HUB opening hours are (check for updates to opening times):
Monday - Friday: 8:30 – 17:00
Weekends: 9:00 – 13:00
For the latest updates and services from Hartlepool Borough Council
You can contact the Hartlepool Community Support Hub by:
Teephone: 01429 272905
Mondays to Friday: 10:00 - 16:00
Saturdays: 10:00 - 12:00
Email: helping@hartlepool.gov.uk (please provide your contact details and they will get back to you)
If you would like to volunteer to support your local community, you can use the same details (call 01429 272905 or email helping@hartlepool.gov.uk).
For the latest information and update on Middlesbrough Council Services during the Coronavirus pandemic.
Middlesbrough Council can offer advice and help through HELP BORO for those who are self-isolating and can't get help from family, friends or volunteers. To contact the HELP BORO call 01642 729777.
Here is a leaflet explaining more.
Facebook: Covid19Boro Twitter: Covid19Boro #helpboro
There is also a Facebook page for volunteers to help at Coronavirus information for Middlesbrough Facebook page.
For the latest information and update on Redcar & Cleveland Council Services during the Coronavirus pandemic.
If you have an inquiry call the Customer Services Team on 01642 774774
Monday to Friday: 9:00 -17:00
or email contactus@redcar-cleveland.gov.uk
If you are interested in volunteering to help go to https://www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk/coronavirus/Pages/Volunteering.aspx
For the latest information and update on Stockton-on-Tees Council Services during the Coronavirus pandemic.
COVID Community Support Team (Stockton-on-Tees)
Volunteers, businesses and community groups have assembled across Stockton-on-Tees to make sure help reaches those who need it most during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic.
This team is determined to make it easy to get help. You can get in touch for yourself or if you know of someone who you think needs help ask them if you can contact the team on their behalf.
Monday-Friday: 9:00 - 17:00
Weekends: 10:00 - 16:00
Email: covidcommunitysupport@catalyststockton.org
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To purchase a license, you may contact the Fulton County Auditor's office at 419-337-9202. You can also purchase a license online, via mail or in person. View locations to purchase licenses.
Note: We do not board dogs for the general public.


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MLB rumors: Max Scherzer set to sign soon with Mets, Giants, Dodgers, Angels among contenders
By Tracy Salinas on November 28, 2021 0
The collective agreement between the owners of Major League Baseball and the players is due to expire Wednesday night. It is assumed that a deal will not be reached in the next few days, which means free agency and trade negotiations will be completely halted and a lockdown will be put in place. In the meantime, there might be a flurry of hits, as there might be players who won't want to go several weeks (months?) Without knowing where they'll be playing in 2022.
A signing was already reported on Sunday, as the Rays picked up Corey Kluber (full story here).
For the rest, let's dive into the rumors of the day.
Soon the Scherzer decision?
Max Scherzer is heading into his season at 37, but he's also just completed a season in which he finished third in Cy Young's vote. The triple winner of Cy Young and future Hall of Famer is still an ace. As such, there is no shortage of suitors despite what is likely to be a multi-year deal with a very high average annual value.
He is expected to decide on new accommodation before the planned lockout, MLB Network's Jon Heyman reports, with the Mets, Dodgers, Giants and Angels being mentioned as the top contenders.
Gausman follows suit?
Right-hander free agent Kevin Gausman is also expected to sign before the CBA expires, MLB Network's Jon Morosi reports. The 30-year-old has just had the best season of his career. He posted 5.2 WAR, winning his first All-Star selection while finishing sixth in the NL Cy Young vote and 21st in the NL MVP vote.
Morosi reports that a five-year deal for Gausman is "increasingly likely." We've seen the Mets and Blue Jays connected to Gausman as well as the Giants, Mariners and Angels.
Sailors take an interest in Bryant
The Mariners are among the teams interested in signing third baseman / man utility free agent Kris Bryant, reports Robert Murray from Fanside. Unlike Scherzer and Gausman above, however, Bryant is not expected to sign until the CBA expires, Murray reports. Considering Bryant's agent is Scott Boras, who likes to use free agencies to find the best possible deal, this isn't too surprising.
The Mariners and Bryant are a good fit. He could handle third base on a daily basis, but he could also play one of the three outfield points if needed. They've already added Adam Frazier, who is likely to take control of the second base, and we've already stressed that they need at least one infielder and another big stick.
The reds, the angels speak Castillo
The Reds and Angels have discussed a possible trade with Luis Castillo going on the LA side, Morosi reports, although he also notes that the sides are "far apart". That fits Cincy's message this offseason in that it would take a gigantic package to ward off right-hander Castillo.
That bigger takeaway here is that the Angels have already signed Noah Syndergaard and are actively pushing for a frontline starter, whether through trade or their involvement in the Gausman and Scherzer rumors above.
The Blue Jays add relief
The Blue Jays have agreed to sign free agent reliever Yimi García on a two-year, $ 11 million contract that also includes a club option for a third year, Sportsnet's Shi Davidi reports.
García, 31, made 39 appearances for the Marlins last season before being traded to the Astros and making 23 appearances for them. In his 57 2/3 innings, he pitched with a 4.21 ERA and a 1.16 WHIP with 60 strikeouts against 13 unintentional walks. He is in the middle of the terrain for the Jays.
Altherr looks to return to MLB
Outfielder Aaron Altherr is a free agent after two years with the Korea Baseball Organization and would like to return to Major League Baseball – and a jump to Nippon Professional Baseball is also possible – reports MLB business rumors.
Altherr, 30, spent six seasons with the Phillies before playing just one game for the Giants and 26 for the Mets in 2019. In his 1,156 home plate appearances in MLB, he hit .219 /. 307 / .401 (88 OPS +). He's shown flashes of good rising, especially in 2015 and 2017 – in the latter case he hit 0.272 / .340 / 0.516 with 19 homers in 372 at-bat appearances.
In Altherr's two years in South Korea, it hit 0.276 / 0.354 / 0.529. He has logged over 30 home runs and over 20 interceptions each season. We've seen MLB players go to KBO and come back improved before, with Eric Thames' move to the Brewers being the most notable recent example.
Marcus Stroman: The Mets would rather sign other free agent contracts than me | Launderer report
Doubts emerge over Grand Prix final after Japan closes borders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Young people with modern attitudes: that is Stockholm too!
Stockholm doesn't look like a big city at all – it is best discovered without any fixed itinerary by simply wandering through the narrow streets.
You can even find artistic design in the public transport here.
Lots of fruit and vegetables make a vegan diet especially rich in vitamins and minerals.
Sheep, pig or cow: animals bring happiness.
...and a patina certainly does tell a story.
The aesthetics of transience can also be found time and time again in nature.
Ready for a new adventure? The next round of #GOBACKPACK is here!


St. John of Shanghai Orthodox Church: Holy Week Service Times Are Up!
Just a brief update to draw everyone's attention to the fact that the Holy Week Service times are now up on the newly revamped St. John's and St. Nina's website. My apologies for the delay, especially as one of the casualties of the delay was the Lazarus Saturday morning service which was to be followed by the traditional pre-Holy Week cleaning party. While there will be no service Saturday morning and no official work-party, anyone who wants to help clean in any way is more than welcome to show up any time after 10am on Saturday - Matushka and I will be at St. John's house all day preparing for Holy Week and, between us, could probably find some way that any willing volunteers could help out around the house and chapel!
As always, please let me know of any errors or omissions on the site or on the church calendar - and please bear with the web-site as the kinks are worked out of the new system. My hope is that the site will soon become a lot more collaborative now that I've moved it to a new web-platform. Hopefully it looks a little better too!
Posted by eHewlett at 3:40 a.m.


rpm meter eco ideal Price is flexible. Auction sheet can be verified. Exchange is possible with other car. Lightweight allow rims. Fresh Import. Call/SMS only during office hours please.. Sealed and powerful engine.


Distance education is an equity program for NSW students who are geographically isolated or whose individual circumstances prevent them from regularly attending school.
Principals must use the Distance Education Enrolment Procedures (PDF 481KB) to determine a student's eligibility to enrol in a distance education program.
It is a requirement that a parent or approved supervisor is available to meet child care and protection requirements, as well as support the child complete the learning programs developed by the distance education school.
All distance education enrolments are reviewed annually to ensure students are meeting standards of engagement and participation to satisfy attendance requirements.
Distance education is not home schooling. For information about home schooling you can visit NESA.
students affiliated with the national school for travelling show children.
Single course enrolment is available for students in Years 9 to 12 when the home school cannot provide the required breadth and flexibility of curriculum. Generally this is available on a quota basis determined by the home school's enrolments. See the Distance Education Enrolment Procedures for details.
Home schools must provide required resources such as textbooks, phone, computer, internet and videoconferencing access as well as supervision and a suitable and safe learning space.


Most CSS-in-JS libraries convert JS objects containing style declarations into corresponding CSS classes with generated, hashed class names1. In general, this process works well and solves most of the problems of CSS2.
Styletron takes a different approach. Under the hood it uses a "virtual CSS" engine that abstracts away the underlying CSS, enabling some powerful performance optimizations.
The key idea is that rather than generating CSS classes that simply map 1:1 to the source style objects, Styletron breaks down everything into unique declarations and creates a corresponding "atomic CSS" class for each unique property/value pair3. As a result, instead of generating monolithic classes for styles, Styletron is able to generate corresponding virtual classes, composed of several constituent atomic classes.
There's ultimately a finite number of different font sizes, widths, and colors in any given application. And in practice, for purposes of design consistency, the options are often intentionally restricted to a small set of shared values which are then repeated many times throughout the application.
Styletron is able to take advantage of this because its virtual CSS abstraction deduplicates styles on a declaration level, even across distinct rules. In a sense, CSS becomes non-growing: at a certain point, newly added styles are actually just new permutations of preexisting declarations, which map to preexisting atomic classes, yielding zero additional bytes of generated CSS. In other words, with virtual CSS, the size of the CSS output scales with the number of unique declarations rather than volume or quantity of styles used.
In practice, this can have a tremendous impact on size, especially on large-scale websites, where the total number of declarations can far outweigh the number of unique declarations.
An important part of CSS optimization is separating critical from non-critical CSS and eliminating unused CSS, which is simply wasted effort by the browser to both download and parse. Like many other CSS-in-JS solutions, Styletron automatically eliminates any unused and non-critical CSS from its output, leaving only the critical CSS for any given server-rendered page.
That's normally as good as it gets, but Styletron further reduces the size of the critical stylesheet even after eliminating non-critical and unused CSS. While gzip generally does a good job of compressing stylesheets, with Styletron, all declarations are deduplicated even before gzip compression. As a result, there's less for the browser to both download and parse, the latter of which is unaffected by gzip.
Furthermore, because the stylesheets generated by Styletron are so small, they can be easily inlined into the page. This matters for page performance: to ensure fast load times on mobile devices, the AMP spec actually prohibits external CSS resources, enforcing the inlining of all CSS (with a maximum size of 50KB).
Styletron was designed for high performance, not only in terms of tiny CSS output but also execution time. Unlike many other CSS-in-JS libraries that produce scoped CSS, Styletron doesn't need to perform expensive hash computations; instead its generated classes are composed of shared, re-usable atomic classes with sequential identifiers4. Furtheremore, because it operates on individual declarations rather than entire rules, Styletron is able to reduce cache misses and take advantage of extremely granular memoization to avoid unnecessary work.
The css-in-js-perf-tests repo has a number of benchmarks for the most popular CSS-in-JS libraries, including Aphrodite, Glamor, JSS, and Styletron. The numbers shown below are from running the benchmarks on my MacBook Pro on Node 7.
Note: The JSS benchmarks below reflect usage without the default preset, so no extras such as nested rules or vendor prefixing are included.
This test renders a few basic styles, one for a container and one for a button.
This test generates n unique styles for n different button elements, where n=20 by default.
This test generates n identical styles for n different button elements, again with n=20 by default.
Unlike the other libraries, Styletron breaks down the rules and is thus able to memoize the identical declarations, so the performance advantage is especially apparent in this test.
In general, the more re-used styles there are, the smaller the resulting CSS is with Styletron (in comparison to other libraries) as more CSS gets deduplicated.
Styletron is also the smallest of the bunch. It was designed to be as minimal as possible and has separate packages for client and server, which helps reduce bloat.
The actual core Styletron module is extremely low-level, which makes it highly adaptable to many different CSS-in-JS interfaces but is rather unwieldy to use directly.
The simplest way to use Styletron is in conjunction with the styletron-utils package, which contains various convenience functions, including injectStyle which takes a style object and returns a corresponding virtual class name. This API roughly equivalent to what other CSS-in-JS libraries provide.
And finally, at the highest level, there's the styletron-react package which contains an interface inspired by the excellent styled-components module for React.
Check out the GitHub repo and styletron.js.org to learn more.
This is being worked on, but is currently not implemented.
As a result of the virtual classes, when inspecting elements you will see a class for each declaration in the styles pane, which can be cumbersome at times. Additionally, with Chrome DevTools, client-rendered atomic classes are immutable — they can be toggled on and off elements, but not altered due to a Chromium bug6. Server-rendered styles are unaffected, and this bug only affects Chrome (Safari and Firefox work fine).
The method of scoping the class names varies, but it's a 1:1 mapping between collections of declarations to generated CSS classes.
Styletron works for all styles — both static and dynamic. react-native-web StyleSheets are limited to static styles that can be resolved outside of render.
react-native-web StyleSheets only works server-side; on the client, vanilla React inline styles are used.
react-native-web lacks support for media queries and pseudo classes, Styletron supports both.
One reason for using deterministic hashing is for consistency between server and client renders. Because Styletron CSS output consists of only single-declaration atomic classes, it is essentially a full serialization of the declaration cache from the server. As a result, the server-rendered CSS can be efficiently deserialized to fully hydrate the declaration cache state on the client.
Unfortunately, this bug is currently marked as wontfix.


On the day Anyward.com uploaded 13 photo about Unique Dining Table With Silver Furniture For Elegance photograph is one of the digital imagery among other pictures in the writing of Best Tips To Decorate Elegant Dining Table Room. The picture displayed on Friday, September 04, 2015 14:45:55 PM. If you like the picture, you can Download Unique Dining Table With Silver Furniture For Elegance picture, or if you can observe picture in large size, simply click on on the thumbnail with size 900 × 786 pixels under Anyward.com picture gallery.
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Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 Ultimate Edition (The Amory Wars) [Claudio Sanchez, Peter David, Chris Burnham] on kreativekaring.com *FREE* . Amory Wars has ratings and 18 reviews. In this deluxe hardcover collection, acclaimed rock band Coheed and Cambria bring the mythology that surrounds. 3 May New York Times bestselling author Peter David joins Coheed & Cambria front man Claudio Sanchez for this science fiction franchise beloved.
Find out more about Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 Ultimate Edition by Claudio Sanchez, Peter David, Chris Burnham at Simon & Schuster. The Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth:3 Ultimate Edition HC. All 12 issues of the "In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3" saga are now collected in. 22 May The Hardcover of the Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 Ultimate Edition by Claudio Sanchez, Peter David, Chris Burnham | at.
point for new readers - also solicited this month, The Amory Wars Ultimate Edition, The Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3: Ultimate Edition . The The Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3: Ultimate Edition wiki last edited by pikahyper on 05/04/17 PM View full history. Hardcover. In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 is the third chapter of The Amory Wars. A 12 issue series telling the events of this chapter were released from May to. Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 Ultimate Edition - Buy Amory Wars: In Keeping Secrets of Silent Earth: 3 Ultimate Edition by sanchez. The Amory Wars in keeping secrets 3. Brand new never read shrink wrapped. Boom studios. | eBay!.


text:
require 'test/unit'
require 'rails/all'
require 'calculon'

ActiveRecord::Base.establish_connection adapter: "mysql2", database: "calculon_test", username: 'root'
ActiveRecord::Base.default_timezone = :utc
Time.zone = "UTC"

class Game < ActiveRecord::Base
  include Calculon
  calculon_view :points, :team_a_points => :sum, :team_b_points => :sum
end

class CalculonTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
  def setup
    old = $stdout
    $stdout = StringIO.new
    ActiveRecord::Base.logger
    ActiveRecord::Schema.define(version: 1) do
      create_table :games do |t|
        t.column :team_a_points, :integer, default: 0
        t.column :team_b_points, :integer, default: 0
        t.timestamps
      end
    end
    $stdout = old
  end

  def teardown
    ActiveRecord::Base.connection.tables.each do |table|
      ActiveRecord::Base.connection.drop_table(table)
    end
  end

  def test_results_hash
    Game.create(:team_a_points => 10, :team_b_points => 20, :created_at => 33.hours.ago)
    Game.create(:team_a_points => 30, :team_b_points => 40, :created_at => 2.hours.ago)

    assert_equal Game.by_hour(:team_a_points => :sum).length, 2
    results = Game.points_by_hour.to_buckets
    keys = [33.hours.ago.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00"), 2.hours.ago.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:00:00")]
    assert_equal keys, results.keys.sort
    assert_equal results[keys.first].first.team_a_points, 10
    assert_equal results[keys.last].first.team_b_points, 40

    assert_equal Game.by_day(:team_a_points => :sum).length, 2
    results = Game.points_by_day.to_buckets
    keys = [33.hours.ago.strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00"), 2.hours.ago.strftime("%Y-%m-%d 00:00:00")]
    assert_equal keys, results.keys.sort
    assert_equal results[keys.first].first.team_a_points, 10
    assert_equal results[keys.last].first.team_b_points, 40
  end

  def test_results_hash_missing
    Game.create(:team_a_points => 10, :created_at => Time.zone.now - 0.hours)
    Game.create(:team_a_points => 20, :created_at => Time.zone.now - 1.hours)
    Game.create(:team_a_points => 30, :created_at => Time.zone.now - 2.hours)
    Game.create(:team_a_points => 40, :created_at => Time.zone.now - 25.hours)

    days = Game.points_by_day.to_a
    assert_equal days.length, 2
    assert_equal days.inject(0) { |s, g| s + g.team_a_points }, 100
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


SHANGHAI: China put just over 43 gigawatts (GW) of new solar generation capacity into operation in 2018, down 18 percent on a year earlier, an industry group said on Thursday, after a government move to curb new capacity and ease a subsidy payment backlog.
The new generation took the country's total installed solar power capacity to more than 170 GW by the end of the year, the China Photovoltaic Industry Association said.
China announced last year that it would suspend new projects after a record 53 GW capacity increase in 2017 left it struggling to find spare grid capacity and pay a subsidy backlog of more than 100 billion yuan ($14.78 billion).


Dee Bird Bivens writes: When I was a child in Stillmore, this was Mr. Henry Johnson's General Store where you could buy everything from penny candy to overalls. Although it looks like several different stores now, it was one big store that took up the entire building.
When I was a child in Stillmore, this was Mr. Henry Johnson's General Store where you could buy everything from penny candy to overalls. Although it looks like several different stores now, it was one big store that took up the entire building.


text:
Foton-M #4 Satellite Overview
Photo: Tsenki
Re-Entry Module
Photo: Roscosmos
Service Module
Image: Roscosmos
The Foton-M #4 satellite is a microgravity research satellite that transports a variety of experiments from several fields of science to space for a two-month mission before returning its re-entry capsule to Earth to allow post-flight analysis of the scientific payloads.
Foton-M #4 represents a modified second generation Foton satellite using a different Service Module than the previous three Foton-M satellite that were launched in 2002, 2005 and 2007 – however, the 2002 launch ended in failure. The Foton program dates back to 1985 when the first material science satellite of the Foton series flew under a military designation. In later years, payloads of foreign space agencies were hosted on Foton satellites. In total 15 Foton satellites were launched over the history of the program.
The Foton and Foton-M satellites share commonality with the Bion and Bion-M spacecraft that are primarily dedicated to space-biology research, however, payloads dedicated to all fields of science have flown on both satellites. Both programs use heritage components developed for the Vostok manned space capsule such as the characteristic spherical re-entry capsule that has not changed much since the 1960s to build a robust system for bringing payloads into space and returning them to the Earth.
Foton-M #4 is the first Foton-class satellite to switch from the three-segment design of a Battery Module, Re-Entry Module and Service Module to a two-segment design cutting the battery module as solar arrays are now used for power generation – enabling longer mission durations. This change is accompanied with a switch in service modules as the Foton-M #4 and #5 satellites transition to a Yantar-type Service Module which in this form is also used on the Bion-M satellites. The Yantar bus was originally developed for the reconnaissance satellites carrying the same name, but has been modified to find applications in civilian Earth observation programs, modernized Kobalt military reconnaissance satellites and scientific satellites like Bion and Foton.
The Foton-M satellites are manufactured by TsSKB Progress, Samara for operation by Roscosmos and foreign customers. Overall, the satellite stands 7.73 meters tall with a maximum diameter of 2.7 meters. Foton-M #4 has a mass of 6,070 Kilograms and could carry up to 600 Kilograms of scientific equipment inside the Re-Entry Capsule and 250kg of payload equipment on the outside of the spacecraft. The actual payload mass for the #4 mission is 420kg.
The Service Module and Re-Entry Module are connected via a structural interface as well as umbilical connections for the transfer of power, data and other resources. Two deployable solar arrays deliver power to charge the onboard batteries and operate the various systems of the spacecraft platform and feed approximately 900 Watts of power to the scientific payloads.
Assuming no changes of the Yantar Service Module for Foton-M, the satellite would feature a propulsion system that uses up to 900 Kilograms of Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine and Nitrogen Tetroxide Propellants with Helium as pressurant gas. The propulsion system consists of a main propulsion unit used for impulse burns and a series of low-thrust engines for vehicle control.
The main engine of the vehicle provides 2.94 Kilonewtons of thrust and the reaction control engines have thrust levels from 5 to 100 Newtons.
For a normal mission, Foton-M will not use its propulsion system except for an optional orbit adjustment at the start of the mission and the deorbit burn. Frequent engine burns are avoided due to the strict microgravity requirements of the scientific payloads. After launch, insertion and stabilization, the motion control system is deactivated for the remainder of the mission until the preparation for landing begins. The spacecraft normally operate in a slightly eccentric orbit of 262 by 302 Kilometers that is optimal for a high-level of microgravity between 10^-4 to 10^-6 Gs, but Foton-M #4 will fly in a higher orbit at 575 Kilometers at an inclination of 64.9° due to its longer mission duration.
The Service Module also includes instrumentation such as electrical systems, batteries, navigation equipment featuring a gyroscope unit, the vehicle's communication system for command uplink and telemetry downlink.
Photo: IMBP
Bion-M after Landing
The spherical Re-Entry Module is 2.2 meters in diameter and offers an internal volume of 4.5 cubic meters to host the various payloads. Receiving power from the Service Module, the various payloads are connected to the 27-Volt main power bus of the satellite. An environmental control system maintains the temperature inside the pressurized entry module that can be selected from +10 to +30°C while the operational pressure of the module can range from 46.7 to 152 kPa and is usually set at the normal atmospheric pressure on Earth.
Thermal control inside the module is accomplished using a fluid cooling system that transports heat from the payload electronics to radiators installed on the outside of the vehicle. The payload electronics use conductive plates to transfer heat to the fluid loop. Atmospheric pressure is maintained via a pressurization system using Nitrogen and Oxygen gas.
Foton-M is equipped with a data handling system that will collect and store payload data and provide a daily status summary that is downlinked to ground stations. This data will include health status summary data for both, equipment on the satellite and the payloads including any animals that are on board, monitored via imagery. Command uplink is normally done once per day and includes timed commands for the operation of the various payloads.
The Re-Entry Module closely resembles the Vostok entry module featuring a hatch for equipment transfer on the ground which is sealed before flight to create a heat shield covering the entire surface of the sphere. The Entry Module itself is not equipped with a thruster system and relies on its deliberately placed center of gravity to achieve the correct orientation during re-entry which is completed in a ballistic mode without active guidance leading to G forces up to eight or nine.
A second hatch on the Entry Module protects the parachute compartment. This hatch is jettisoned after re-entry to allow the chute system to deploy the parachute to slow the vehicle down in the dense atmosphere.
Under the main chute that deploys about three Kilometers in altitude, the spacecraft transitions to vertical flight. A soft-landing thruster system is initiated moments before touchdown to reduce the vertical landing speed of the craft to less than 5 meters per second.
The Foton-M #4 satellite has been designed for missions up to 60 days. Previously, without solar arrays, Foton missions were limited to durations of around two weeks, the record being Foton-9 in 1994 with a duration of 17.6 days.
Scientific Payloads
Image: TsSKB Progress
The Foton-M #4 satellite carries a scientific payload consisting of a dozen experiment facilities inside and outside the Re-Entry module, hosting a multitude of experiments from different areas of science including physics, biology, chemistry, and materials science. The satellite also hosts a number of student payloads, listed in the table at the bottom of this page.
The internal experiments are installed on panels and racks inside the Re-Entry module while the external payloads are attached to the exterior of the Entry Module. Three external experiment containers are used to host experiments that need to be exposed during orbital flight but protected during Re-Entry.
This is accomplished using protective covers that can be opened and closed and seal the cavity of the experiment chamber for re-entry, protecting the hardware from the plasma of re-entry. Other payloads are installed outside these containers for the specific purpose of experiencing the re-entry environment.
Internal Payload Structure
Images: Roscosmos
External Payload Accommodation
Photo: IMBP/Roscosmos
The Gecko-F4 experiment includes eight passengers to study the effect of microgravity on the body of adult animals with special focus on the skeleton. The sexual behavior of the animals will also be studied as well as the embryonic development. The five to eight Geckos that are being flown are part of the family that has already flown on the Bion-M #1 satellite last year. The species used is the Mauritius ornate day gecko (Phelsuma ornata) which can reach lengths of up to 12 centimeters.
The experiment facility includes the necessary equipment to support the animals for the two-month flight duration. Ventilation systems are used to supply fresh air to the animal enclosure and remove carbon dioxide. The system also includes food supply for two months. Waste from the animals is removed via air flow to maintain the living conditions inside the experiment. Diurnal temperature & light variation is also provided by the experiment equipment.
A video camera is used to film the geckos to allow the assessment of the animal's behavior and sexual activity. Eggs will also be monitored using the camera system – at a temperature of 28°C, the young will hatch after 40 days which would fit into the mission duration for Foton-M #4.
Post-flight analysis on the animals and eggs including histological and immunohistochemical studies will identify structural and metabolic changes induced by the space environment. Computer Tomography will be used on the animals to look at skeletal changes before and after the flight.
Polizon-2
One of the high-profile science payloads flying on Foton-M #4 is the Polizon-2 electric vacuum furnace facility that will be used for a series of crystallization and heat transfer experiments, studying material properties for the production of new materials on Earth for a variety of applications. The Polizon-2 assembly weighs close to 200 Kilograms, accounting for a large fraction of the total payload mass of the mission.
Polizon-2 includes 12 samples that can be inserted into the furnace via a sample exchange mechanism. The furnace itself includes a heating block with one heater for zonal melting and five heater for directed crystallization. Temperatures from 400 to 1200°C can be achieved with Polizon-2 with an accuracy of +/-0.5°C.
Each of the sample containers is 45mm long and can be inserted into the furnace where it is heated using a pre-programmed heating profile to achieve the desired crystallization. The containers can be moved within the chamber at speeds of 0.15 to 1800mm/h with a total range of 334mm. Additional equipment available for the experiment runs includes a magnetic inductor that can operate at different frequencies and a series of sensors needed to characterize the environment inside the furnace.
Studies supported by Polizon-2 include Microstructure, Intermetal, Fuller ISSP and Uniformity.
The Microstructure experiment looks at the growth of protein crystals using a highly directional crystallization method to yield crystals of biological macromolecules such as phosphorylase. This experiment will lead to new methods of producing such crystals for use in the development of medicine, including cancer drugs that act on a ribosomal level inside the cells.
The Intermetal study will examine the crystallization of intermetallic alloys using directional solidification from the melt to refine existing models of the crystallization process. This will lead to a better understanding of the ongoing processes for the development of techniques to produce new alloys with desired properties.
Fuller ISSP looks at the generation of crystals in microgravity consisting of fullerenes with a low density of structural defects. Fullerenes are molecules that are entirely composed of carbon capable of taking different shapes such as spheres, tubes and other spheres. One important form of fullerenes are carbon nanotubes finding application in materials science, electronics and nanotechnology. Better modeling of the formation of these materials can lead to new preparation techniques with implications for many industries on Earth.
The Uniformity study examines the formation of germanium and gallium-antimony crystals with homogenous distribution to optimize the existing technologies and techniques of producing such crystals on Earth for application in semiconductors and photovoltaic converters.
Another materials science experiment that uses the heating system is Kaliber which includes samples of gallium-indium, gallium-antimony and pure gallium for the assessment of the thermal characteristics of these alloys/metals undergoing phase transitions.
The Vibrokon-FM experiment studies the use of controlled vibrations on the heat and mass transfer within liquid samples of different properties, also looking at crystallization and dissolution processes in microphase flow. This data will be used for the improvement of mathematical models to calculate the effects of microgravity on fluids, also improving industrial production in different areas.
Meteor Experiment
The Meteor experiment consists of four external panels that are installed on the Re-Entry module. These panels consist of different basalts with embedded microorganisms to study the effect of the space and re-entry environment on the organisms to explore the possibility of the survival of organic material on asteroids entering Earth's atmosphere. Also, fullerenes are used as carriers for the organisms to assess the effectiveness of these compounds for future studies of this type.
The Fluorite-P experiment launches cell cultures in a controlled environment to study the dynamics of changes in intracellular systems under the influence of spaceflight factors such as microgravity and radiation. The study includes measurements of the mitochondrial potential in the cells using fluorometry in-flight.
Further parameters that can be measured with fluorescence spectroscopy include intracellular pH values. Additionally, the study includes experimentation at different temperatures to look at the cell regulation processes in space flight conditions.
Biofrost includes a number of samples of microorganisms isolated from permafrost. This experiment is performed to confirm previously collected results on the impact of space flight conditions on the activity of the microorganisms. For that, the composition of the microbial complex will be determined before and after the flight accompanied by ground simulation experiments to isolate the effects of ionizing radiation on the samples. The samples that are flown were isolated from permafrost of different ages to identify properties that depend on the development stage of the microbial samples.
BIOFROST
Photo: Roscosmos/IMBP
Bioelectricity
Mycology is a study that examines the growth and development of a fungal culture and a fungal spore sample as well as symbiotic organisms in the space environment. Another microbiological study is Biotransformation, looking at the process of biodegradation of a biodegradable polyethylene film using microorganisms under the forced removal of metabolic products. This will yield valuable data for the development of degradable polymers for a variety of applications, also studying the chemical composition of the byproducts of biodegradation.
Bioelectricity is a prototype biological fuel cell that will provide data on the formation of biofilms on electrode surfaces in microgravity, the effect of microgravity on the potential of the fuel cell, the contribution of sedimentation processes on the voltage output of the fuel cell and explore the energy characteristics of bio fuel cells.
The Bioradiation study exposes a number of organisms to the space environment that are relevant for scientific and industrial applications to assess the radiation effects on organisms.
This includes studies with organisms that do not require any special life support systems for the duration of the mission such as dry seeds, silkworm eggs and a variety of microbial samples.
For the assessment of the radiation environment, Foton-M #4 is equipped with a number of different detectors and dosimeters using different methods to measure radiation to test the equipment and also provide scientifically valuable measurements of the radiation environment inside and outside the spacecraft for characterization of the findings of the various biological studies.
Student Payloads
Payload Name Purpose
Gecko-F4 Exposure of 8 Geckos to Microgravity
for the study of the effect of Zero-G on
the Body of adult animals, their sexual behavior
and embryonic development. Geckos are
part of family flown on Bion-M mission.
Biokont-FEH Studies of the effect of space flight factors on the
development and activity of microorganisms that
are of value for economical applications. Examination
effects of the space environment on embryos of reptiles.
Fluorite-P Study of dynamics of changes in
intracellular systems under the influence
of space flight factors, e.g. microgravity,
radiation. In-vitro analysis of mitochondrial
membrane potential, intracellular pH,
regulation processes at various Temperatures
Bioelectricity Assessment of bioelectrogenisis in a microbial
BIOKONT-FEH fuel cell – the formation of biofilms on electrodes,
the effect of weightlessness on the process of
generating electricity, voltage measurements.
BIOFROST Study of the effects of the space environment
on microbial samples isolated from permafrost
of different ages.
BIORADIATSIYA-F Examination of biologically relevant characteristics
of ionizing radiation on different samples (dry seeds,
silkworm eggs, microorganisms). Testing of
shielding equipment taking into account the effects
of secondary neutrons.
Samples inside and outside the spacecraft.
Sigma Microbiological study looking at temperature-driven
processes in the spaceflight environment.
Meteor Assessment of the possibility of microorganisms
surviving on meteorites taking into account effects
of the space vacuum, radiation and entry environment.
Externally mounted samples with embedded
microorganisms.
Mycology Study of the growth & development of fungal cultures
and fungal spores (Pleurotus ostreatus) and
fungal symbiotic organisms in the space environment.
BIOTRANSFORMATION Examination of the process of biodegradation of aerobic
microorganisms without nutrients and forced removal
of metabolic products. Study of effectiveness of
biodegradable polymer, assessment of degradation
Microstructure Growth of protein crystals in highly directional
crystallization method for application in the
development of pharmaceutics.
Intermetal Directional solidification of intermetallic compounds
in microgravity for application in the development
of new metal alloys.
Fuller ISSP Use if microgravity and vibration to assess
growth of fullerene crystals.
Uniformity Growing germanium, and gallium-antimony crystals
with extremely high uniformity for application
in semiconductor fabrication processes on Earth.
Belka/Protein Growth of protein crystals by liquid and gaseous
diffusion no possible in a gravity environment.
Kaliber Study of thermal characteristics of phase transitions
in microgravity, looking at eutectic alloys.
BMSC Low-frequency (0-0.01Hz) compensation of microaccelerations
on spacecraft systems/payloads in orbital flight
PPN-1D-F Study of the effect of the space environment on
peptide and nuclide synthesis in organisms.
DPU-1K-F, PPN-2D-F External payload containers for biological, radiation
PPN-2K-F, PPN-ZD-F physics, radiobiology experiments, dosimeters.
PPN-ZK-F
MRI Measurement of temperature in different location inside
and outside the spacecraft during all mission phases.
Vibrokon-FM Influence of vibration on heat and mass transfer
in liquid phase and solidification processes in
microgravity.
CBC-FM Processes of self-propagating high-temperature
synthesis of porous composite materials.
IM-FM Measurement of three-axis microacceleration
RDZ-BZ Radiation Dosimeter inside Re-Entry Module
Bubble Dosimeter Radiation Dosimeter inside Re-Entry Module
Radiation Detectors Various experimental radiation detectors, dosimeters
Moths in Space
Heavenly-Flower 2 – Exposure of Marigold Seeds to microgravity
Bugs in Space – Zofobas & Flour Beetle
Roundworms in Space
Heavenly Tardigrades (Waterbears)
Seeds of Onion in Space
Investigation of the effect of space flight on the development of Notostraca
Investigation of prolonged space flight on white dwarf tropical woodlice
Spacecraft Library
Spacecraft by Origin
Interplanetary Mission Updates
Military Space
Tiangong-1
Tiangong 2
Crewed Spacecraft
Soyuz TMA-M
Soyuz MS
Shenzhou
Cargo Spacecraft
H-II Transfer Vehicle
Progress M
Progress MS
Tianzhou
Interplanetary Craft
GRAIL
Hayabusa-2
LADEE
Mars Science Laboratory
Beidou 3
Glonass-M
Glonass K1
GPS Block IIF
Interplanetary Transport System
IXV – Intermediate Experimental Vehicle
Quantum Science Satellite
Shijian-10
Copyright © 2019 Spacecraft & Satellites. All rights reserved.


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The photometric and spectroscopic characterization of the V Sagittae star V617 Sagittarii *
J.E. Steiner 1,2, D. Cieslinski 3, F.J. Jablonski 3 and R.E. Williams 4
1 Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica/CNPq, CP 21, 37500-000 Itajubá, Brazil
2 Instituto Astronômico e Geofísico, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 9638, 01065-970 São Paulo, Brazil
3 Divisão de Astrofísica, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, CP 515, 12201-970 São José dos Campos, Brazil
4 Space Telescope Science Institute-STScI, 3700 San Martin Drive, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
Received 11 June 1999 / Accepted 15 September 1999
Photometric and spectroscopic characterization of the V Sge star V617 Sgr (WR 109) is presented. The orbital period, 0.207 day, is the shortest of its class. The optical light curve presents a double wave with minima and maxima of uneven brightness. Strong emission lines of highly ionized species such as HeII, NV and OVI dominate the optical spectrum. High and low photometric states have been observed and the primary eclipse becomes shallower at eruptions. H emission becomes stronger and broader at high state when compared to low state. The striking similarities to V Sge are discussed. The photometric and spectroscopic observations suggest that a high and asymmetric rim exists associated with the accretion disk. This star is interpreted as a X-ray quiet galactic counterpart of the supersoft X-ray binaries seen in the Magellanic Clouds.
Key words: stars: novae, cataclysmic variables stars: individual: V617 Sgr stars: binaries: eclipsing stars: Wolf-Rayet X-rays: stars
* Based on observations made at Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica/CNPq, Brazil, and Cerro Tololo Interamerican Observatory-CTIO, Chile.
Send offprint requests to: J.E. Steiner (steiner@lna.br)
Online publication: November 16, 1999