text:
\section{Introduction}

Understanding the role played in the nucleon by heavy quarks, such as
the charm quark, is necessary for a number of reasons.
Firstly, one cannot claim to have unraveled the rich structure of the
nucleon sea until one has mapped out the details of the distribution
of its virtual charm and heavier\footnote{Although in practice the direct
accessibility of bottom and top quark densities is likely to remain
elusive for some time.} flavors.
Secondly, in the absence of a direct probe of gluons, charm
leptoproduction remains one of the main sources of information
on the nucleon's {\em gluon} distribution.
Furthermore, tagging charm in neutrino and antineutrino scattering
allows one to probe the strange and antistrange quark densities in
the nucleon.
{}From a more theoretical point of view, in order to have a reliable
procedure through which to analyze deep-inelastic scattering data,
one needs to consistently incorporate heavy quark masses and threshold
effects in the QCD evolution equations.

Recently there have been important new data on the charm structure
function, $F_2^c$, of the proton from the H1 \cite{H1} and ZEUS
\cite{ZEUS} Collaborations at HERA, which have probed the small-$x$
region down to $x = 8 \times 10^{-4}$ and $2 \times 10^{-4}$,
respectively.
At these values of $x$, the charm contribution to the total proton
structure function, $F_2^p$, is found to be around 25\%, which is a
considerably larger fraction than that found by the European Muon
Collaboration at CERN \cite{EMC} at somewhat larger $x$, where it
was only $\sim 1\%$ of $F_2^p$.
Extensive theoretical analyses in recent years have generally
served to confirm that the bulk of the $F_2^c$ data can be
described through perturbative generation of charm within QCD.

At the same time, there are several lingering pieces of data
which seem to suggest the possibility that a small component
of charm exists which is intrinsically non-perturbative in origin
\cite{BROD,HM,HSV,IT,GOL}.
One of these is the EMC data \cite{EMC} at large $x$,
some of which appear to lie above the perturbative QCD predictions,
and which have in the past been taken \cite{BROD} as evidence in
favor of a non-perturbative, or ``intrinsic'' charm component.
Furthermore, as recently discussed in Ref.\cite{HSV}, there are
some indications of intrinsic charm also from hadronic reactions,
such as leading charm production in $\pi N$ and $Y N$ scattering.
As found in Ref.\cite{VB}, some intrinsic charm may account for
the larger than expected number of fast correlated $J/\psi$ pairs
seen in the NA3 $\pi N$ experiment at CERN \cite{NA3}, as well as
for the anomalous polarization of $J/\psi$ seen in inclusive
$J/\psi$ production in $\pi N$ collisions \cite{POL}.

The initial analyses of the leptoproduction data suggested an
intrinsic charm component of the nucleon with normalization of
around 1\%, although subsequent, more sophisticated, treatments
incorporating higher-order effects tended to find only a fraction
of a percent.
The basic starting assumption in these analyses is that the
perturbative generation of charm proceeds through the photon--gluon
fusion process, illustrated in Figure~1.
In their pioneering analysis, Hoffman and Moore \cite{HM}
considered the ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ corrections to the intrinsic
charm distributions, as well as quark and target mass effects on
the charm cross section.
With these refinements, their work suggested that an intrinsic charm
component of the proton, at a level of order 0.3\%, was allowed
--- even required --- by the data.
In a more recent study, Harris, Smith and Vogt \cite{HSV}
reanalyzed the EMC data within the framework of Ref.~\cite{HM}
with updated parton distributions, and ${\cal O}(\alpha_s$)
corrections to the hard scattering cross section.
They found that while no clear statements about intrinsic charm
could be made at lower energy transfers, $\nu \alt 100$ GeV,
data at larger $\nu \sim 170$ GeV could best be fitted with an
additional $0.86 \pm 0.60\%$ intrinsic charm component \cite{HSV}.

Despite these claims of evidence for intrinsic charm, a number
of recent global parameterizations of parton distributions
\cite{MRST,GRV} have concluded that all $F_2^c$ data, including
those from the EMC, can be understood in terms of perturbative
QCD alone, with no additional intrinsic charm component necessary.
In view of these conflicting results, it seems important
that the question of the presence or otherwise of intrinsic charm
be addressed using the latest available theoretical techniques
for calculating $F_2^c$, as well as different models for intrinsic
charm.

To set the context for our analysis, we should point out a number
of features which have been common to all earlier treatments of
intrinsic charm in leptoproduction.
Firstly, one invariably assumes that photon--gluon fusion
(together with perturbative QCD corrections) is solely responsible
for perturbatively generated charm, {\it irrespective} of the
scale $Q^2$ at which one works.
In light of recent developments in incorporating quark mass
effects in perturbative QCD, it is now in principle possible
to go beyond this approximation and include more appropriate
treatments in kinematic regions where photon--gluon fusion
alone may not be the only relevant perturbative mechanism.
A second point concerns the way that intrinsic charm is combined
with the perturbative contributions.
In particular, no treatment to date has considered the effects
of $Q^2$ evolution of the non-perturbative charm distribution
from the ``intrinsic'' scale to the scale where data are taken.

In this paper we perform a comprehensive next-to-leading order
analysis of the charm production data in which we compare several different
methods of implementing charm in QCD structure functions.
In particular, we consider:

$\bullet$ {\em Massless Evolution.}
This approach assumes that below a certain scale, $\mu^2$,
there are $n_f$ active flavors.
Above this scale, one switches the number of flavors to
$n_f + 1$ in the coupling constant, coefficient functions
and in the parton distributions.
This scheme is sometimes referred to as the
Variable Flavor Number Scheme (VFNS).

$\bullet$ {\em Photon--Gluon Fusion.}
In this scheme, the heavy quark is never treated as a parton,
in the sense that the number of active flavors does not change,
and a quark distribution for the heavy quark is never introduced.
The entire contribution to the physical structure function from
heavy quarks is generated through the photon--gluon fusion process
depicted in Figure~1.
This scheme is usually referred to as the
Fixed Flavor Number Scheme (FFNS).

$\bullet$ {\em Interpolating Schemes.}
While photon--gluon fusion should provide a reliable description
of charm production in the region close to $m_c^2$, it certainly
should fail at large scales because of the lack of resummation
of the logarithms in $m_c^2$.
Conversely, massless evolution should be good at large $Q^2$,
but not in the region around $m_c^2$.
Schemes such as that proposed by Aivazis et al. \cite{ACOT} reproduce
the relevant features of both the VFNS and FFNS approaches ---
namely, a reduction to FFNS when $Q^2 \sim m_c^2$, and to VFNS
when $Q^2 \gg m_c^2$.
Unlike Ref.\cite{ACOT}, however, we include the full quark mass
dependence not only in the gluon sector, but also in the quark
sector, which has become possible since the recent work of Kretzer
and Schienbein \cite{KRETZER}.

Throughout the analysis we shall work in the $\overline{\rm MS}$
scheme, and introduce an explicit charm distribution at a scale
$m_c^2$ for the VFNS and interpolating schemes.
Furthermore, our philosophy is that if there is any intrinsic
charm at all in the nucleon, it should be considered as a parton
distribution for all scales $Q^2 \ge m_c^2$, if one is to use
$\overline{\rm MS}$ anomalous dimensions when evolving the
distributions.

In the following sections we describe in turn the three schemes
for incorporating charm, beginning with the standard massless
QCD evolution and the photon--gluon fusion process in Sections
II and III, respectively.
The interpolating scheme connecting these two limiting cases
is described in Section IV.
Incorporation of intrinsic charm into the analysis is outlined in
Section V, where we survey several models for the non-perturbative
charm component.
Finally, in Section VI some conclusions are drawn from the analysis.

\newpage
\section{Massless Evolution (VFNS)}

The simplest approach to describing charm in the nucleon is to assume
that the charm distribution is $c(x,\mu^2) = \bar c(x,\mu^2) = 0$
below a certain scale, $\mu$, and evolve charm quarks as massless
partons.
Indeed, until recently, this has been the standard approach adopted
in global analyses of parton distribution functions.
In a scheme such as $\overline{\rm MS}$, the scale $\mu$ is taken to
be the charm quark mass, $m_c$ \cite{TUNG}.
Above threshold, $Q^2 > m_c^2$, the number of active flavors increases
by one in the coupling constant, splitting and coefficient functions.
In this way the charm quark distribution is generated solely through
radiative corrections from gluons and light quarks\footnote{
Just as for the $c$ quark, the $u$, $d$, and $s$ quarks are light,
so too for heavier quarks, such as $b$, the $u$, $d$, $s$ and $c$
quarks would be light, and so on.} present at $Q^2 < m_c^2$.

At next-to-leading order, the charm quark contribution to the
proton structure function is given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{massless}
F_2^{c\ ({\rm VFNS})}(x,Q^2)
&=& e_c^2\ C_q(x,Q^2) \otimes \left( x c(x,Q^2) + x \bar c(x,Q^2) \right)
 +  e_c^2\ C_g(x,Q^2) \otimes x g(x,Q^2)
\end{eqnarray}
with the boundary condition $c(x,m_c^2)=\bar c(x,m_c^2)=0$.
The convolution ``$\otimes$'' here is defined by
$f(x) \otimes h(x) \equiv \int_x^1 dy f(x/y) h(y)$.
The quark and gluon coefficient functions are those for
massless quarks:
\begin{mathletters}
\label{e1}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{e1a}
C_q(x,Q^2)
&=& \delta(1-x)
 +  \frac{\alpha_s(Q^2)}{4 \pi}
    C_F \left\{ 4 \left(\frac{\ln(1 - x)}{1 - x}\right)_+
	       - \frac{3}{(1 - x)_+}
	       - 2 (1 + x) \ln(1 - x)
	\right.							\nonumber\\
& & - \left. 2 \frac{1 + x^2}{1 - x} \ln x  +  6  +  4 x
      \right\},							\\
\label{e1b}
C_g(x,Q^2)
&=& \frac{\alpha_s(Q^2)}{4 \pi}
    4 T_F \left\{ (1 - 2 x + 2 x^2)\ln\frac{1 - x}{x} - 4 + 32 x (1 - x)
	  \right\},
\end{eqnarray}
\end{mathletters}%
where the $(1-x)_+$ refers to the standard ``+''prescription
\cite{PLUS}.

The gluon coefficient function, $C_g$, is a pure singlet quantity,
and as such is proportional to the number of active flavors.
Since one is calculating the contribution to $F_2^p$ from a single
flavor, $C_g$ defined in Eq.(\ref{e1b}) is the usual gluon
coefficient function divided by the number of active flavors.
The gluon distribution is evolved by taking as input a gluon
distribution function at a scale $m_c^2$, together with a quark
singlet distribution,
$\Sigma(x,m_c^2)
= \sum_{q=u,d,s,c} \left( q(x,m_c^2) + \bar q(x,m_c^2) \right)$.
Using the boundary condition $c(x,m_c^2)=\bar c(x,m_c^2)=0$,
the evolution is performed with 4 flavors.

The evolution of the charm quark density is slightly more involved.
Firstly, one evolves the singlet combination from $m_c^2$ to $Q^2$
using the full number of active flavors.
The quark non-singlet combination,
$\eta(x,Q^2)
= \sum_{q=u,d,s} \left( q(x,Q^2) + \bar q(x,Q^2) \right)
- 3 \left( c(x,Q^2) + \bar c(x,Q^2) \right)$,
is then evolved over the same range.
Since $c(x,m_c^2)=\bar c(x,m_c^2)=0$, it turns out that one
is in practice evolving
$\sum_{q=u,d,s} \left( q(x,m_c^2) + \bar q(x,m_c^2) \right)$
first as a singlet and then as a non-singlet.
The charm distribution at $Q^2$ is then given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{e2}
c(x,Q^2) + \bar c(x,Q^2)
&=& {1 \over 4} \left( \Sigma(x,Q^2) - \eta(x,Q^2) \right).
\end{eqnarray}

For large $Q^2$, $Q^2 \gg m_c^2$, one expects the generation
of charm through massless evolution to be a good approximation,
a result confirmed in previous studies \cite{BUZA}.
However, at smaller $Q^2$, $Q^2 \sim m_c^2$, mass effects become
important, and this approach eventually breaks down.
In this region a better approximation is the photon--gluon fusion
process, which we discuss next.

\section{Photon--Gluon Fusion (FFNS)}

In the photon--gluon fusion approach the charm quark is treated
not as a parton, but rather as a heavy quark, so that a charm
quark distribution is never explicitly introduced.
Hence, $c=\bar c=0$ for all $x$ and $Q^2$.
The charm structure function is given directly by a convolution
of the gluon distribution and the hard photon--gluon cross section,
Figure~1.

At lowest order, the only process producing a heavy $q \bar q$
pair is the photon--gluon fusion, and the structure function is
given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{pgf}
F_2^{c\ ({\rm FFNS})}(x,Q^2)
&=& e_c^2\ \frac{\alpha_s(\mu^2)}{4 \pi}
\int_x^{z_{max}} dz\
H_g(z,Q^2,m_c^2)\ {x \over z} g\left({x\over z},\mu^2\right),
\end{eqnarray}
where $z_{max} = 1/(1 + 4m_c^2/Q^2)$ and $\mu^2$ is the mass
factorization (and renormalization) scale.
The partonic cross section for producing a massive quark pair
is given by:
\begin{eqnarray}
H_g(z,Q^2,m_c^2)
&=& 4 \left( 1 - 2 z + 2 z^2 + 4 z (1 - 3 z)\frac{m_c^2}{Q^2}
	       - 8 z^2 \frac{m_c^4}{Q^4}
      \right)
\ln\left(\frac{1 + \beta}{1 - \beta}\right)		\nonumber\\
&+& \beta \left( 32 z (1 - z) - 4
	       - 16 z (1 - z) \frac{m_c^2}{Q^2}
	  \right),
\end{eqnarray}
with
\begin{eqnarray}
\beta &=& \sqrt{1 - \frac{4 z}{(1 - z)}\frac{m_c^2}{Q^2}}.
\end{eqnarray}
Note that the coupling constant is calculated at $\mu^2$ with
3 light flavors, the same number as used throughout in $H_g$.
There is no evolution equation in this approach --- the distribution
$g(x,\mu^2)$ is never evolved.
Evolution equations are introduced only when the logs in $Q^2/m_c^2$
are resummed via the renormalization group equations.
In that case a heavy quark distribution is introduced and one
recovers Eq.(\ref{massless}).

One should mention that the gluon distribution in Eq.(\ref{pgf})
is that given by a leading-order analysis of the data.
This is because in Eq.(\ref{pgf}) one has terms of the form
$\alpha_s(\mu^2) \ln(Q^2/m_c^2)\ g(x,\mu^2)$, which are typical
next-to-leading order contributions if the gluon distribution
is calculated in leading order --- hence one is calculating
${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ corrections to the structure function.
The use of a next-to-leading order gluon would produce
next-to-next-to-leading order corrections, which would then
require calculation of radiative corrections to the photon--gluon
fusion term, and the addition of extra terms in Eq.(\ref{pgf})
arising from heavy pair creation from light quarks \cite{HARRIS}.

The advantage of the photon--gluon fusion formulation is its
simplicity.
However, the use of Eq.(\ref{pgf}) could be problematic at very
large $Q^2$ because of the large $\ln(Q^2/m_c^2)$ term appearing
in $H_g$.
One way of circumventing this difficulty is to construct a scheme which
retains the features of photon--gluon fusion at moderate $Q^2$,
but maps onto massless evolution when $Q^2$ becomes very large.

\section{Interpolating Scheme}

The description of charm production from the nucleon at an
arbitrary scale requires a scheme which consistently interpolates
between the two limits of VFNS and FFNS.
A number of authors have pursued the construction of such schemes,
both for unpolarized \cite{ACOT,BUZA,MRRS,THORNE} and
polarized \cite{STEFFENS} scattering.

With the exception of Ref.\cite{MRRS}, where the splitting functions
were modified for quark mass effects, the essence of the interpolating
schemes is to incorporate a mass dependence, as a function of
$m_c^2/Q^2$, in the coefficient functions which would enable
Eq.(\ref{massless}) to be recovered when $Q^2 \gg m_c^2$,
and Eq.(\ref{pgf}) when $Q^2 \sim m_c^2$.
By keeping the evolution equations unmodified, one ensures that
the parton distributions (for the 3 light quarks, for the gluon,
and for the newly introduced charm distribution) are defined
consistently in the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme.

Until recently, quark mass corrections were only included
in the gluon coefficient function, $H_g$, while the quark
coefficient function was taken to have the form derived for
massless quarks \cite{MRST,ACOT}.
In fact, it is quite natural to think that the gluon sector,
through the $P_{cg}$ splitting function, would be responsible
for the generation and evolution of a heavy quark distribution.
Furthermore, any quark mass correction (other than that appearing
in the new, massive, scaling variable) would appear in the
${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ coefficient functions only.
In Ref.\cite{KRETZER}, Kretzer and Schienbein also calculated
the quark mass corrections to the quark coefficient function.
They found that these were small in absolute terms, but of a
similar order of magnitude as the total $F_2^c$ in some
regions of $x$, and for some choices of factorization scale.
There are at least two reasons, therefore, why one needs to
include these effects in the present analysis.
Firstly, with the introduction of intrinsic charm the quark sector
may become relatively more important than the gluon sector in
the region of $x$ where intrinsic charm is non-zero;
and secondly, the analysis of Ref.\cite{KRETZER} focused
on quark mass corrections to the quark coefficient functions
at relatively small values of $x$, while here we also need to
examine the size of these corrections at large $x$.

Of course, the full massive coefficient functions introduce
extra mass logarithms in the quark and gluon sectors,
resulting in double counting when using the evolution
equations for the charm and gluon densities.
This is reminiscent of a scenario where logarithms have not
yet been resummed by the renormalization group equations.
The problem can be circumvented easily enough by requiring
that in the limit $Q^2 \rightarrow \infty$ the massless
coefficient functions are recovered after introducing
subtraction terms $H_{q,g}^{\rm sub}$:
\begin{mathletters}
\label{e3}
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{e3a}
&& \lim_{Q^2 \rightarrow \infty}
\left( H_q(z,Q^2,m_c^2) - H^{\rm sub}_q(z,Q^2,m_c^2)
\right) = C_q (z,Q^2),					\\
\label{e3b}
&& \lim_{Q^2 \rightarrow \infty}
\left( H_g(z,Q^2,m_c^2) - H^{\rm sub}_g(z,Q^2,m_c^2)
\right) = C_g (z,Q^2),
\end{eqnarray}
\end{mathletters}%
where the factorization scale is chosen to be $\mu^2 = Q^2$
for both the interpolating scheme and the VFNS (a choice to
which we restrict ourselves throughout this analysis).
The function $H_q(z,Q^2,m_c^2)$ in Eq.(\ref{e3a}) is the full
massive quark coefficient function at ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$,
calculated in Ref.\cite{KRETZER}.
The subtraction terms are given by:
\begin{mathletters}
\label{e4}
\begin{eqnarray}
H_q^{\rm sub}(z,Q^2,m_c^2)
&=& \frac{\alpha_s (Q^2)}{2 \pi}
    C_F \left[ \frac{1 + z^2}{1 - z}
	       \left( \ln\frac{Q^2}{m_c^2} - 1 - 2 \ln(1 - z)
	       \right)
	\right]_+\ ,					\\
H_g^{\rm sub}(z,Q^2,m_c^2)
&=& \frac{\alpha_s (Q^2)}{\pi}
    T_F\ \ln\frac{Q^2}{m_c^2}\ \left( 1 - 2 z + 2 z^2 \right).
\end{eqnarray}
\end{mathletters}
Finally, one has:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{interp}
F_2^c(x,Q^2)
&=& e_c^2 \int_\xi^1\ dz\
\left( H_q(z,Q^2,m_c^2) - H_q^{\rm sub}(z,Q^2,m_c^2)
\right)
{\xi \over z}
\left( c(\xi/z,Q^2) + \bar c(\xi/z,Q^2) \right)		\nonumber\\
&+& e_c^2 \int_x^{z_{max}}\ dz\
    H_g(z,Q^2,m_c^2)\ {x \over z} g(x/z,Q^2)		\nonumber\\
&-& e_c^2 \int_\xi^1\ dz\
    H_g^{\rm sub}(z,Q^2,m_c^2)\ {\xi \over z} g(\xi/z, Q^2),
\end{eqnarray}
where the scaling variable $\xi$ includes quark mass corrections,
\begin{eqnarray}
\xi &=& {1 \over 2} x \left( 1 + \sqrt{1 + {4 m_c^2\over Q^2}} \right).
\end{eqnarray}
The charm and gluon distributions in Eq.(\ref{interp})
are determined from evolution in exactly the same way
as in the massless case described in Section II.

Figure~\ref{C2} shows $F_2^c$ evaluated according to the
three schemes described above at $x=0.05$ and 0.2, for a
$Q^2$ range relevant to the EMC data.
In addition, for the interpolating scheme we also show the
effect of neglecting the quark mass dependence in the quark
coefficient function, so that $H_q$--$H_q^{\rm sub}$ is
replaced by $C_q$ in Eq.(\ref{interp}).
For the parton distributions the GRV parameterizations
\cite{GRV} are used.
Note, however, that in the GRV fit a charm quark distribution
is never introduced explicitly, rather $F_2^c$ is always
calculated via the FFNS.
The charm density is generated from the GRV distributions by
evolving with 3 flavors from $\mu^2=0.4$ GeV$^2$ to $m_c^2$
in next-to-leading order, then from $m_c^2$ to $Q^2$ with 4
flavors according to the VFNS.
For the FFNS calculation, the gluon distribution is evolved in
leading order from $\mu^2=0.26$ GeV$^2$ to $m_c^2$ with 3 flavors.
(Note that the choice of $\mu^2$ in Figure~\ref{C2} is only for
the purpose of comparison with the other methods, which introduce
charm at $m_c^2$.
In the final calculations the scale $\mu^2 = 4 m_c^2$ will be used
for the FFNS, which is also the value used in Ref.\cite{GRV}.)

At small $x$ the effect of the mass-corrected quark coefficient
functions on $F_2^c$ turns out to be negligible, and only slight
at larger $x$.
As $Q^2$ becomes large, one can see in Figure \ref{C2} how the
VFNS and interpolating schemes converge.
Even at small $Q^2$ the difference between these is not large.
On the other hand, while the FFNS provides a good approximation to
the interpolating scheme for $Q^2 \alt 30$ GeV$^2$, it dramatically
overestimates the full result at larger $Q^2$, especially at large $x$.
Since this is the region where most of the relevant EMC data which
we analyse lie, clearly we need to use the full interpolating scheme
in order to draw reliable conclusions from our analysis.

Another source of uncertainty in the calculation of $F_2^c$
comes from the gluon distribution at large $x$, which at present
is not very well constrained.
To cover the full range of allowed gluon distributions, we use the
maximum and minimum gluon distributions from the MRST \cite{MRST}
parameterizations in addition to that of GRV \cite{GRV}.
The resulting $F_2^c$ for the different next-to-leading order
glue is shown in Figure~\ref{C3}, where evolution was again
performed as described in the massless evolution section
The data at small $x$ in Figure~\ref{C3} are taken from the ZEUS
Collaboration \cite{ZEUS}, while the large-$x$ data are from the
earlier EMC experiment \cite{EMC}.
At small $x$ all of the parameterizations fit the data very well.
At large $x$ the maximum-gluon MRST and GRV fits also provide
good descriptions of the data, with the exception of the two
points at $Q^2=60$ GeV$^2$.
The last data point at $x=0.44$ is not shown in the fits of
Refs.\cite{MRST,GRV}, even though this point appears to confirm
the trend indicated by the $x=0.24$ point to lie somewhat above
the perturbative QCD calculation.
Neglecting the large-$x$, $Q^2=60$ GeV$^2$ points, one would
conclude that perturbative QCD fits the $F_2^c$ data very well,
without any need for additional non-perturbative contributions
\cite{MRST,GRV}.
On the other hand, taking these points seriously has led several
authors \cite{HM,HSV} to conclude that the large-$x$ EMC data
provide evidence for an intrinsic charm component of the nucleon.

In the next Section we shall study the large-$x$ EMC data
more carefully, with the aim of ascertaining whether these
can be understood perturbatively, or whether they
can indeed be interpreted as suggesting that a perturbative QCD
treatment alone is incomplete.

\section{Non-Perturbative Charm}

The apparent discrepancy between some of the large-$x$ $F_2^c$
data and predictions based solely on perturbative QCD has
prompted several authors \cite{BROD,HM,HSV} to take seriously
the possibility that an additional, non-perturbative, component
of $F_2^c$ may be necessary to account for the data over the
full range of $x$ and $Q^2$.
In this Section we discuss how non-perturbative charm may
affect $F_2^c$, particularly at large $x$, and how the
intrinsic contributions can be included on the same footing
as the perturbative effects.

In earlier analyses \cite{HM,HSV} intrinsic charm distributions
have simply been added to the perturbatively generated $F_2^c$,
\begin{equation}
\label{e5}
F_2^c(x,Q^2) = F_2^{c\ ({\rm pert})}(x,Q^2)
	     + F_2^{c\ ({\rm IC})}(x,Q^2),
\end{equation}
where the perturbative contribution, $F_2^{c\ ({\rm pert})}$, is given
by Eq.(\ref{pgf}) (with higher order corrections),
while the intrinsic charm contribution, $F_2^{c\ ({\rm IC})}$,
in its simplest form is:
\begin{equation}
\label{icsimple}
F_2^{c\ ({\rm IC})} = e_c^2\ x (c^{\rm IC} + \bar c^{\rm IC}).
\end{equation}
In practice, ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ contributions to
Eq.(\ref{icsimple}) are fully implemented in this
analysis (the relevant expressions are given in
Ref.\cite{HM}).

Within the interpolating scheme of Section IV, the most natural
way to implement intrinsic charm in $F_2^c$ is to modify the
boundary condition for the charm quark distribution.
Instead of $c(x,\mu^2) = \bar c(x,\mu^2) = 0$, one now has
non-zero distributions at the scale $\mu^2=m_c^2$.
The physical reasoning for this is that if there are
non-perturbative processes producing charm in the nucleon,
this charm can be resolved (brought on its mass shell)
only when the system has sufficient energy.
In the $\overline{\rm MS}$ scheme, the scale at which the
number of flavors changes from 3 to 4 is $\mu^2=m_c^2$,
so that regardless of the dynamical origin of the charm,
there will be enough energy in the system to open a new
active flavor channel for $Q^2 > m_c^2$.
With this in mind, we next discuss several non-perturbative
models which attempt to describe the generation of intrinsic
charm in the nucleon.

\subsection{Five-Quark Component of the Nucleon (IC1)}

Based on the initial observation \cite{HADR} that the charm
production cross section in hadronic collisions was larger
than that predicted in leading order perturbative QCD,
Brodsky et al. \cite{BROD} suggested that the discrepancy
could be resolved by introducing an intrinsic, non-perturbative,
charm component in the nucleon wave function.
In this model, which we shall refer to as ``IC1'', the nucleon
is assumed to contain, in addition to the lowest energy three-quark
Fock state, a more complicated, five-quark configuration on the
light-cone:
\begin{eqnarray}
| p \rangle
&=& c_0 | uud \rangle + c_1 |uudc\bar c \rangle ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $c_0^2\ (c_1^2)$ is the three (five)-quark probability.
In order to explain the original data \cite{HADR}, the
normalization of the latter was chosen to be 1\% \cite{BROD}.
Assuming the five-quark wave function to be inversely proportional
to the light-cone energy difference between the nucleon ground
state and the five-quark excited state, one finds that the
$x$-dependence of the $c$ quark distribution is given by
\cite{BROD}:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{delic}
c^{\rm IC1}(x)
&=& 6 x^2 \left( (1-x) (1 + 10x + x^2) - 6x (1+x) \log 1/x \right).
\end{eqnarray}
The anticharm distribution has the same shape as
the charm distribution in this model,
$\overline c^{\rm IC1}(x) = c^{\rm IC1}(x)$.

Because the intrinsic charm in this model is assumed to be
generated through $gg \rightarrow c\bar c$ processes, with each
gluon originating from different valence quarks, the $c\bar c$
probability scales like $\alpha_s^2(m_c^2)/m_c^2$ relative to
the perturbative component \cite{HSV,ICHT}.
This contribution was therefore interpreted in Refs.\cite{HSV,ICHT}
as a higher-twist effect.
Our philosophy here is that since this is generated non-perturbatively,
the resulting non-perturbative intrinsic charm distribution calculated
at $m_c^2$ should be evolved as leading twist, on the same footing as
the perturbative contribution.
Since there is only one kind of charm quark, irrespective of its
origin, QCD corrections should affect both the perturbative and
non-perturbative distributions identically.

\subsection{Meson Cloud Model (IC2)}

An alternative to the five-quark intrinsic charm model was
considered in Refs.\cite{NAVARRA,PAIVA,MT}, in which the
charm sea was assumed to arise from the quantum fluctuation of
the nucleon to a virtual $\bar D^0 + \Lambda^+_c$ configuration.
In the following we shall refer to this model as ``IC2''.
The nucleon charm radius \cite{NAVARRA} and the charm quark
distribution \cite{PAIVA} were both estimated in this framework.
Furthermore, the effects of hard charm distributions on large-$x$
HERA cross sections, and in particular on the so-called HERA anomaly
\cite{HERANOM,GV}, were studied in Ref.\cite{MT}.

The meson cloud model for the long-range structure of the nucleon
has been used extensively to describe various flavor symmetry
breaking phenomena observed in deep-inelastic scattering and
related experiments.
It offers a natural explanation of the $\overline d$ excess in
the proton over $\overline u$ \cite{EXCESS,E866} in terms of a
pion cloud, which itself is a necessary ingredient of the nucleon
by chiral symmetry.
It also provides an intuitive framework to study the strangeness
content of the nucleon, through the presence of the kaon cloud
\cite{STRANGE}.
Whether the same philosophy can be justified for a cloud of heavy
charm mesons and baryons around the nucleon is rather more
questionable given the large mass of the fluctuation.
Nevertheless, to a crude approximation, one may take the meson
cloud framework as indicative of the possible order of magnitude
and shape of the non-perturbative charm distribution.
Furthermore, a natural prediction of this model is that the
$c$ and $\overline c$ distributions are not symmetric.

In the meson cloud model, the distribution of charm and anticharm
quarks in the nucleon at some low hadronic scale can be approximated
by \cite{MT}:
\begin{mathletters}
\label{mcm_final}
\begin{eqnarray}
c^{\rm IC2}(x) &\approx& {3 \over 2} f_{\Lambda_c/N}(3x/2),	\\
\overline c^{\rm IC2}(x) &\approx& f_{\bar D/N}(x),
\end{eqnarray}
\end{mathletters}%
where
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{fz}
f_{\bar D/N}(x)
&=& { 1 \over 16 \pi^2 }
\int_0^\infty dk^2_\perp
{ g^2(k_\perp^2,x) \over x (1-x) (s - M^2)^2 }
\left( { k_\perp^2 + [M_{\Lambda_c} - (1-x) M]^2 \over 1-x } \right)
\end{eqnarray}
is the light-cone distribution of $\bar D^0$ mesons in the nucleon,
and $f_{\Lambda_c/N}(x) = f_{\bar D/N}(1-x)$ is the corresponding
distribution of $\Lambda_c^+$ baryons.
In Eq.(\ref{fz}) the function $g$ describes the extended nature
of the $\bar D\Lambda_c N$ vertex, with the momentum dependence
parameterized by\
$g^2(k_\perp^2,x)\
=\ g_0^2\ (\Lambda^2 + M^2)/(\Lambda^2 + s)$,
where $s$ is the $\bar D\Lambda_c$ center of mass energy squared
and $g_0$ the $\bar D \Lambda_c N$ coupling constant at the pole,
$s = M^2$.
As a first approximation, one might take $g_0$ to be of the
same order of magnitude as the $\pi NN$ coupling constant.
In Ref.\cite{NN} this coupling constant was estimated within
a QCD sum rule calculation.

\subsection{Intrinsic Charm Distributions}

The $c$ and $\overline c$ distributions in the intrinsic
charm models IC1 and IC2 are shown in Figure~\ref{C4},
each normalized to a common value of 1\%.
For the IC2 model this corresponds to a cutoff
$\Lambda \approx 2.2$~GeV (for a probability of 0.5\%, for
example, one would need $\Lambda \approx 1.7$~GeV).
Quite interestingly, the shapes of the $c$ quark distributions
are quite similar in the two models, with $xc$ peaking at around
$x \sim 0.3$.
However, because the IC2 model gives a significantly harder
$\overline c$ distribution, while IC1 implies that $c$ and
$\bar c$ are equal, the resulting structure function, $F_2^c$,
will be somewhat harder in the IC2 model.
For comparison, a typical (soft) perturbatively-generated
charm distribution is also shown in Figure~\ref{C4},
evaluated from the MRST parameterization \cite{MRST}
(with the maximal gluon) at $Q^2=5$ GeV$^2$.

The effects of the modified boundary conditions incorporating
non-zero intrinsic charm distributions are shown in Figure~\ref{C5}
for the GRV parameterization \cite{GRV} and for 1\% intrinsic
charm normalizations, at $Q^2 = 25$, 45 and 60 GeV$^2$.
The data at 60 GeV$^2$ are well fitted with a 1\% IC1 component,
although with the IC2 model one slightly overestimates the $x=0.44$
data point, due to its very hard $\bar c$ distribution.
At lower $Q^2$ values, however, the addition of a 1\% intrinsic
charm component, from either model, overestimates the large-$x$
points.
This finding is essentially independent of the parton distribution
functions employed, as Figure~\ref{C6} illustrates for the MRST
distributions \cite{MRST}.
{}From this one can conclude that with a 1\% intrinsic charm component
one cannot simultaneously resolve the large-$x$ discrepancy for the
large-$Q^2$ data, and maintain a satisfactory fit to the data at
lower $Q^2$.
One could imagine introducing a $Q^2$-dependent normalization for
the intrinsic charm to improve the fits to the 25 and 45 GeV$^2$ data,
although this solution would not be well grounded theoretically.

To compare with the procedure for incorporating intrinsic charm
adopted in the earlier analysis in Ref.\cite{HM}, we show in
Figure~\ref{C7} the $F_2^c$ obtained from the FFNS through
Eq.(\ref{e5}), and the ${\cal O}(\alpha_s)$ corrections to
the intrinsic charm component, $F_2^{c\ ({\rm IC})}$ ---
see Eq.(57) of Ref.\cite{HM}.
(Note that although the FFNS curves appear to lie slightly
below the data for $Q^2=25$ and 45 GeV$^2$, inclusion of
${\cal O}(\alpha_s^2)$ corrections leads to a slight
improvement for the lower $Q^2$ data, without much effect
on the data at 60 GeV$^2$ \cite{GRV}.)
The results are qualitatively similar to those obtained from
the full interpolating scheme, namely the data at different $Q^2$
seem to require different functional forms and normalizations for
the intrinsic charm.

By varying the amount of intrinsic charm that the data can
accommodate, one can attempt to improve the overall fit at
all values of $Q^2$.
Using the minimum gluon fit of the MRST parameterization one
can determine the maximum intrinsic charm allowed by the data
for both the IC1 and IC2 models.
Slightly better fits can be obtained with a 0.75\% IC1 charm
distribution, and with a 0.4\% IC2 distribution, as indicated
in Figure~\ref{C8} for $Q^2=45$ and 60 GeV$^2$.
(The quality of the fit at $Q^2=25$ GeV$^2$ is similar
to that for the 45 GeV$^2$ data.)
However, even given the different shapes of the charm and
anticharm distributions in the IC1 and IC2 models, it is still
quite difficult to obtain a quality fit to data at all $Q^2$
values.
For the Hoffman and Moore procedure \cite{HM} with the FFNS,
one finds similar difficulties in reconciling the $Q^2=60$ GeV$^2$
data with those at lower $Q^2$, even as a function of the intrinsic
charm model, and normalization (c.f. Figure~\ref{C9}), although there
may be a slight preference for IC2 with 0.4\% normalization.

In view of the difficulties in obtaining a simultaneous fit to
the $F_2^c$ data at all measured values of $x$ and $Q^2$ with
either the perturbative-only, or the intrinsic charm scenarios,
it seems imperative that the data, particularly those at
large $x$ and $Q^2$, be confirmed by independent measurements.

\section{Conclusion}

Unraveling the rich structure of the nucleon sea is an ongoing
endeavor which has taught us a number of important and sometimes
surprising lessons in recent years.
Far from being a homogeneous background in which the valence
quarks reside, the sea has proved to exhibit considerable
intrinsic structure of its own.
Perhaps the most conspicuous structure is that in the light quark
sea of the proton, where a number of experiments have now confirmed
beyond any doubt a significant excess of $\bar d$ over $\bar u$
quarks \cite{EXCESS}.
This in turn has created an environment in which the importance
of {\em non-perturbative} effects in the nucleon is appreciated
to a far greater extent, even when discussing structure at
deep-inelastic energy scales \cite{E866}.

More speculative, and less constrained experimentally, are
suggestions that the proton sea for heavier flavors might
also exhibit characteristics which cannot be attributed
to perturbative QCD mechanisms alone \cite{MT,STRANGE}.
A prime example would be the presence of asymmetric sea quark
and antiquark distributions, which have been searched for in
the strange sector in both deep-inelastic neutrino and
antineutrino scattering, as well as in electromagnetic form
factors at low energies \cite{SFF}.
Indeed, there is no symmetry principle in QCD which would
prevent sea quarks and antiquarks having different momentum
distributions, just as there is no symmetry requiring the
$\bar d$ and $\bar u$ sea to be equivalent.

More challenging still is to identify possible non-perturbative
effects in the charm sector, especially since the magnitude of
the total charm component of non-charm hadrons is tiny.
Nevertheless, a number of pioneering studies \cite{BROD,HM,HSV}
of various charm production reactions have left us with lingering
doubts as to whether perturbative QCD is the full story behind
these processes.
On the other hand, the evidence doesn't appear to be conclusive
enough to warrant introduction of intrinsic charm distributions
in global data parameterizations \cite{MRST,GRV,CTEQ5}, which
to date have generated the charm structure function purely
perturbatively.

The present analysis has been an attempt to resolve the issue
of whether the charm electroproduction data do indeed support
the existence of non-perturbative components of the nucleon
wave function, or whether they can be understood within
conventional perturbative dynamics.
To this effect we have used the latest available technology
to describe charm production over the entire range of $x$
and $Q^2$ accessible to experiment.
Our approach consistently interpolates between the two
asymptotic regions of massless evolution at large $Q^2$
and the photon--gluon fusion process at low $Q^2$, and
includes quark and target mass effects and corrections
for mass thresholds.

To a certain extent our findings confirm the existing state of affairs,
in which some of the data show no evidence at all for intrinsic
charm, while other data cannot be fitted without additional
non-perturbative input.
Even within the rather different models of intrinsic charm considered
here, with varying normalizations, it seems difficult to simultaneously
fit the entire data set in terms of a single intrinsic charm scenario
--- although there may be a slight preference for intrinsic charm in
model IC2 at a level of about 0.4\%.
The clearest conclusion that one can draw from this is that more
quality data are urgently needed to settle the issue.
In particular, while the small-$x$ domain seems to be relatively
well under control, the large-$x$ region, where cross sections are
small and measurements more difficult, must be the focus of future
experimental effort if the non-perturbative structure of the nucleon
sea is to be resolved.

\acknowledgements

W.M. and F.M.S. would like to acknowledge the support of the Special
Research Centre for the Subatomic Structure of Matter at the University
of Adelaide during the initial stages of this work.
F.M.S. would like to thank S.J. Brodsky, S. Kretzer and F.S. Navarra
for discussions.
This work was supported by the Australian Research Council and by
FAPESP (Brazil).

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\begin{figure}
\hspace*{2cm}
\epsfig{figure=C1.ps,height=8cm}
\vspace*{1cm}
\caption{Photon--gluon fusion process at leading order in $\alpha_s$.}
\label{C1}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering{
\begin{picture}(120,200)(180,0)
\epsfig{figure=C2a.ps,height=8cm}
\put(-319,-160){\epsfig{figure=C2b.ps,height=8cm}}
\end{picture}}
\vspace*{7cm}
\caption{Charm structure function as a function of $Q^2$
	for $x=0.05$ and 0.2, evaluated according to the
	various schemes discussed in the text.
	``IS'' refers to the interpolating scheme of
	Eq.(\protect\ref{interp}), while ``IS (massive $g$)''
	denotes the interpolating scheme but with massless
	quark coefficient functions.
	The GRV parameterization \protect\cite{GRV} for the
	gluon is used.}
\label{C2}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\epsfig{figure=C3a.ps,height=8cm}
\epsfig{figure=C3b.ps,height=8cm}
\caption{Charm structure function calculated within the
	interpolating scheme for different gluon distributions,
	GRV \protect\cite{GRV} (dotted) and MRST \protect\cite{MRST}
	with minimum (dashed) and maximum (solid) gluons.
	The data at small $x$ are from the ZEUS Collaboration
	\protect\cite{ZEUS}, while the large-$x$ data are from
	the EMC \protect\cite{EMC}.
	For clarity the small-$x$ curves have been scaled by a
	factor 10 (0.1) for $Q^2=25$ (60) GeV$^2$, and the large-$x$
	curves by a factor 100 (0.01).}
\label{C3}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\epsfig{figure=C4.ps,height=8cm}
\caption{Charm quark distributions from the intrinsic charm models
	IC1 \protect\cite{MT} (solid) and IC2 \protect\cite{BROD}
	(dashed), both normalized to 1\%, and from the MRST
	parameterization \protect\cite{MRST} (with maximal gluon)
	at $Q^2=5$ GeV$^2$ (dotted).}
\label{C4}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering{
\begin{picture}(120,150)(180,0)
\epsfig{figure=C5a.ps,height=7cm}
\put(-279,-135){\epsfig{figure=C5b.ps,height=7cm}}
\put(-279,-270){\epsfig{figure=C5c.ps,height=7cm}}
\end{picture}}
\vspace*{10cm}
\caption{The charm structure function calculated through the
	interpolating scheme (``IS'') in Eq.(\protect\ref{interp})
	for intrinsic charm distributions from models IC1 and IC2,
	normalized to 1\%.
	The GRV parameterizations \protect\cite{GRV} for the gluon
	and light quark densities are used.}
\label{C5}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering{
\begin{picture}(120,150)(180,0)
\epsfig{figure=C6a.ps,height=7cm}
\put(-279,-135){\epsfig{figure=C6b.ps,height=7cm}}
\put(-279,-270){\epsfig{figure=C6c.ps,height=7cm}}
\end{picture}}
\vspace*{10cm}
\caption{As in Figure~\protect\ref{C5}, but with the MRST
	parameterization \protect\cite{MRST} with the maximum gluon.}
\label{C6}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering{
\begin{picture}(120,150)(180,0)
\epsfig{figure=C7a.ps,height=7cm}
\put(-279,-135){\epsfig{figure=C7b.ps,height=7cm}}
\put(-279,-270){\epsfig{figure=C7c.ps,height=7cm}}
\end{picture}}
\vspace*{10cm}
\caption{As in Figure~\protect\ref{C5}, but with $F_2^c$
	calculated according to the FFNS in Eq.(\protect\ref{e5}).}
\label{C7}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering{
\begin{picture}(120,150)(180,0)
\epsfig{figure=C8a.ps,height=7cm}
\put(-279,-135){\epsfig{figure=C8b.ps,height=7cm}}
\put(-279,-290){\epsfig{figure=C8c.ps,height=7cm}}
\put(-279,-425){\epsfig{figure=C8d.ps,height=7cm}}
\end{picture}}
\vspace*{16cm}
\caption{As in Figure~\protect\ref{C5}, but with different
	normalizations for the IC1 and IC2 model distributions,
	and with the MRST parameterization \protect\cite{MRST}
	with the minimum gluon.}
\label{C8}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\centering{
\begin{picture}(120,150)(180,0)
\epsfig{figure=C9a.ps,height=7cm}
\put(-279,-135){\epsfig{figure=C9b.ps,height=7cm}}
\put(-279,-270){\epsfig{figure=C9c.ps,height=7cm}}
\end{picture}}
\vspace*{10cm}
\caption{As in Figure~\protect\ref{C7}, but with different
	normalizations for the IC1 and IC2 components.}
\label{C9}
\end{figure}

\end{document}

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Told over the first three episodes, "Summer" stars Jude Law (HBO's "The New Pope") as Sam, a man who is drawn to a mysterious island off the British coast where he encounters a group of islanders set on preserving their traditions at any cost. Isolated from the mainland, Sam is unable to leave the idyllic and dangerously enchanting world he has discovered, where the secretive rituals of its inhabitants bring him to grapple with experiences of loss and trauma hidden in his past through the distorted lens of the present. As boundaries between fantasy and reality fragment, his quest to unlock the truth leads the islanders to reveal a shocking secret. "Summer" is written by Dennis Kelly and directed by Marc Munden.
"Winter" unfolds over the latter three episodes and stars Naomie Harris (Academy Award nominee for "Moonlight") as Helen, a strong-willed outsider who comes to the island seeking answers, but whose arrival precipitates a fractious battle to decide its fate as the lines between fantasy and fact are distorted. "Winter" is written by Kit De Waal, Dean O'Loughlin and Dennis Kelly and directed by Philippa Lowthorpe.
Along with Jude Law and Naomie Harris, THE THIRD DAY also stars Katherine Waterston ("Fantastic Beasts" franchise), Emily Watson (Emmy® and Golden Globe nominee for HBO's "Chernobyl") and Paddy Considine (HBO's "The Outsider").
THE THIRD DAY is a co-production between Sky and HBO. It is the first original drama to be produced by Sky's new production house, Sky Studios, in conjunction with Plan B Entertainment, the world-renowned immersive theatre company Punchdrunk and writer Dennis Kelly ("Utopia," "Pulling"). Dede Gardner, Jeremy Kleiner, Felix Barrett and Dennis Kelly executive produce.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Avoyelles schools declared unitary
Leigh Guidry
lguidry@gannett.com
MARKSVILLE – The Avoyelles Parish School District has been declared unitary, or desegregated in all schools, after an almost 50-year process.
A consent order was signed Friday at a special meeting of the Avoyelles Parish School Board, effectively emerging the district from the case that began in 1967. U.S. District Judge Dee Drell orally approved the order on Thursday, Avoyelles District Attorney Charles Riddle III said. He said Drell likely will issue an opinion to ratify the decree next week. Riddle has been working on this case for 13 years.
The consent decree declares the district unitary but keeps the case open and under the jurisdiction of the federal court for three years. The district may file a motion to dismiss the case after June 1, 2018.
In the meantime, Superintendent Blaine Dauzat and board members must report annually to the court its progress on efforts already in place to meet six benchmarks called Green factors like facilities and student assignment.
"You've got my pledge, and I know you have the pledge of the board and ... of the staff, that we are going to ensure there is no risk of us going back into this case," Dauzat said.
That means maintaining efforts to desegregate schools with disproportionate racial makeup of the student population. Currently those are Lafargue Elementary and Bunkie Elementary Learning Academy.
The Louisiana School for the Agricultural Sciences (LaSAS) is "close," Riddle said, as its minority-to-majority ratio is at 30 percent. He said it increases slightly each year.
Several at the meeting described the announcement as "a long time coming." Although originally opened in 1967, the case picked up steam in 1987 when an intervenor brought forth issues regarding student assignments.
The school district's most recent push toward unitary status began in 2008 when district officials developed a plan to realign its schools and filed for approval from Drell in Alexandria. Drell told then-Superintendent Dwayne Lemoine and board members to hire an expert to help the district meet the Green factors.
Lemoine said he was told when hired eight years ago that achieving unitary status would be a top priority. He said it framed his work, highlighting needs across the district. He said it wasn't an easy process.
"But those obstacles helped us become a better school district," said Lemoine, who retired as superintendent in December. "This is a momentous day. I'm just proud to still be a little part of it."
Allen Holmes, who joined the case as an intervenor in the last 1980s, was among those applauding the announcement Friday.
"It's been about 30-some years," Holmes said. "This board has been a dynamic board. One thing we knew (was) we had to work toward this thing. ... We worked for one goal — the kids in Avoyelles Parish. It was never about black, white. It was about education."
Many on the board and in the district have been involved with the case for years and commented joyfully about moving forward.
"It's a weight lifted off our shoulders," board member Shelia Blackman-Dupas said. "We need to move on."
"Now our supervisors can worry just about education and not about Green factors," board President Michael Lacombe said.


It is crucial for you to always set a good driving example, even if your teen isn't yet learning how to drive.
It's easy for parents to think that a teen only learns how to drive in the classroom and behind the wheel, but your teen picks up plenty of lessons from the passenger seat, too.
For years, your teen has watched you drive and some of your habits are likely to work their way into your teen's own driving behavior. Parents, after all, are the number one influence on teen driving habits.
If you're always a safe, responsible driver, this could be a good thing. Not only will your teen have witnessed positive driving habits, it's more likely that he or she will respect the driving rules you set because you're practicing what you preach.
But, if your teen has seen you engage in risky or dangerous driving behavior, like texting, speeding or driving aggressively, he or she may see those as acceptable driving behaviors.
Of course, most of us make mistakes and regret some of the choices we've made while behind the wheel. Maybe you sped through a yellow light when you should have stopped or maybe you drove fatigued and caught yourself losing focus in the middle of traffic. These are, unfortunately, common driver mistakes and your teen will detect them.
This is why it is crucial for you to always set a good driving example, even if your teen isn't yet learning how to drive. Your driving habits will rub off on your teen and help him or her justify risky driving decisions.
For example, you might tell your teen to call you for a ride if he or she ever feels too tired to drive safely. But if you're a regular drowsy driver, what's stopping your teen from thinking he or she can do the same?
It's one thing to point out the risky behaviors of other drivers and explain to your teen why what they're doing is wrong. It's quite another to engage in those behaviors yourself and expect your teen not to make the same mistakes.
So for your teen's sake, and for the safety of every driver he or she will interact with on the road, make sure you are always setting a good example and driving the way you would want your teen to drive.


text:
Author's Ray Moore and Gail Pinckney Moore Discuss The Promise of Jonadab
posted on December 3rd, 2010 by Keli
The Promise of Jonadab authors discuss their book
Author Ruth Ellinger Received Award as Artist of the Year
posted on November 23rd, 2010 by Keli
Photo of Ruth Carmichael Ellinger and the award she received in October as "Artist of the Year" for excellence in the Arts. Sword of the Wild Rose, her latest release was a definite consideration.
Author Ruth Ellinger
Ambassador International New Published Title Mummy's Not Sick Anymore
posted on November 15th, 2010 by Keli
Mummy's Not Sick Anymore
It is almost 20 years since Noel Davidson, a retired headmaster from Larne, had his first book published. Called 'My Father's Hand,' it told the story of Heather, a young mother, whose strong Christian faith helped sustain her in her struggle with leukaemia. In the intervening years he has written another 26 books, mainly Christian biographies. These have seen him travel to destinations as far apart as America and Australia, Poland and Nigeria, as well as all the countries of Britain and Ireland to research and write stories.
His latest book, 'Mummy's Not Sick Anymore,' has taken him back to his original theme, a Christian mother's unshakeable faith in the face of one of the most dreaded of all trials, terminal illness.
The book begins when a young couple meet, fall in love and marry. They start a family, having two lovely little sons, Mark and Euan. Paul and Alison (Ali) Watson were very happy with life at home at work and in church. All seemed to be set for a long life of shared love and joy.
That's not how it was to turn out, though.
They were less than five years into married life when Ali's mum was diagnosed with cancer and passed away.
Six months later Ali was to learn that she had it too. She had treatment, thought she was cured and the family went on holiday. It was a blissful time. The load had been lifted. The sky was clear. The future looked bright…
Then the cancer came back, more aggressively than before.
Everything medically possible was done for Ali. Her family and friends supported her practically and prayed for her passionately. Yet still her condition continued to deteriorate.
Struggling to cope with the complexities of her situation she began keeping a personal journal. This allowed her to pour out her heart on to paper.
The physical permanence of awful pain…
The emotional turmoil of not having the chance to be the wife and mother she had once imagined she would love to be…
The spiritual battle of just trying to make sense of it all…
The mental wrestling with God and the ultimate submission to His will for her life.
And her Christian faith is evident throughout. Even in desperately difficult 'down' days when all she was able to do was write the Bible verse that had been her comfort and consolation.
When facing the ultimate challenge of 'Who knows how long I have got?' Ali turned to her divine guide for the answer, concluding, 'Only God. And He isn't letting me know!'
This is a gripping story from start to finish. It includes interesting details of world travel, amusing incidents from family life and a gradual, painful 'coming to terms' with a devastating realisation for a young couple. Yet from Paul and Ali – just two- through to Paul Ali, Mark and Euan – all four – and back again to Team Watson – only three – this is a tremendous record of an underlying faith in God.
Noel Davidson confesses to having had his reservations when first approached, just over two years ago, about the possibility of turning Ali's diary into a book. He felt inadequate for the task. "What experience have I of spiritual struggle or cancer care?" was his initial reaction.
That situation was soon set to be remedied, however, when in March 2009, he was diagnosed with cancer himself. Not having had any discernable symptoms this came as a total shock and caused him to think that perhaps his writing career was at an end.
He had major surgery three months later and after a difficult period of depressing complications he began to recover and is now thankful to be in 'long term remission.' It was only after having experienced, albeit at a merely peripheral level, the trauma of some of the treatment Ali was called upon to endure, in the Hospital where she was treated, that he felt qualified to untie the maroon ribbons on her journal, easily identify with the contrasting mind-sets of anguish and acceptance and translate it all into a book which 'is hard to leave down.'
Noel found it an uplifting experience to work with Paul Watson on this project. The author was carried along on the wave of the young widower's enthusiasm and the book they have produced has something for everybody but should prove particularly inspiring and indeed challenging to those, and the families of those, who are seriously ill.
On the back cover of 'Mummy's Not Sick Anymore' it is claimed that this book will 'strengthen the faint-hearted, melt the soft-hearted and move even the hard-hearted.'
As far as we can understand from those who have already read it this is exactly what has been happening. It has been doing at least one of these things to everyone and as a sideline has proved beneficial to the sales of paper hankies. 'Mummy's Not Sick Anymore' is published by Ambassador International. (£7.99 paperback)
Author Paulette George Scheduled Signing Events
posted on August 26th, 2010 by Keli
Would you like a signed copy of Good Morning Beautiful? Come out and meet author Paulette George at the following events:
Family Christian Bookstore
Cambridge Court
7404 Mineral Point Road
Madison, Wisconsin 53717
Saturday, September 25th, 10:30 – 1:30
Family Christian Bookstore
Princeton Club Shopping Center
1746 Eagan Road
Madison, Wisconsin 53704
Saturday, September 25th, 2:00 – 4:00
Author Mimi Keener Participating at Upstate Women's Show
Ambassador author Mimi Keener will be participating in the third annual Upstate Women's Show. The three day event features fashion, accessorizing, cooking, reading, health, decorating and more. Mimi will be signing copies of her book, The Best of Friends, from noon until 4pm during all three days of the show. Visit Mimi in the Writer's Block area Thursday, August 26 through Saturday, August 28.
Ambassador International News
In 30 years of publishing Ambassador International has worked with many authors. But, this month marks a first for us as we signed two sisters, each with their own historical novel. But that's just the beginning– stay tuned for more information about these upcoming releases.
Author Paulette George Featured in She Magazine
Watch for Paulette George and her book Good Morning Beautiful as they will be featured in this Oct/Nov issue of She Magazine. Congratulations Paulette.
http://www.she-magazine.com/home/
Author Cathy Huffman Scheduled Tours
If you're a resident of Arizona be sure to be on the lookout for Cathy Huffman as she tours the state to promote her new children's book, The Legend of Painted Pony.
Author Art Adkins Scheduled Events
Coming this September: POWER GRID by Art Adkins, this intense fiction thriller is set to launch with a bang. Join Art at one of his upcoming events: http://www.artadkins.com/events.html
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Giveaways and Events
Letter from Our Publisher


Authors will have the opportunity to discuss their posters during the allotted poster sessions. Poster Sessions will be held in The Rubin Congress-Center.
The size of the poster should not exceed A1 (84.1 cm high by 59.4 cm wide), and must be in portrait orientation.
Put the Title, name(s) of the author(s) and affiliation on top of the poster.
Posters can already be displayed after lunch and should be removed after the end of the poster session.


text:
import fnmatch
import os

class Assets(object):

    ### SPECIAL METHODS ###

    def __getitem__(self, pattern):
        import supriya
        search_path, pattern = os.path.split(pattern)
        search_path = os.path.expanduser(search_path)
        if not search_path:
            search_path = os.path.join(
                supriya.__path__[0],
                'assets',
                )
        elif not os.path.isabs(search_path):
            search_path = os.path.join(
                supriya.__path__[0],
                'assets',
                search_path,
                )
        result = []
        result = os.listdir(search_path)
        result = fnmatch.filter(result, pattern)
        result = [os.path.join(search_path, _) for _ in result]
        if len(result) == 1:
            return result[0]
        return result

Assets = Assets()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Carnival Announces Leadership Changes
Posted by Eric Haun August 10, 2015
Carnival Corporation names Michael Ungerer to new Chief Operations Officer Role for Asia, also appoints Felix Eichhorn as President of AIDA Cruises
Carnival Corporation & plc announced that Michael Ungerer, currently President of Germany-based AIDA Cruises, has been appointed Chief Operations Officer-Shared Services for Carnival Asia, effective September 1, 2015. Ungerer will relocate to Shanghai, China, and directly support each of the Carnival Corporation brands operating in the region to leverage the company's industry-leading presence and scale in the region.
Ungerer will jointly report to Michael Thamm, CEO of the Costa Group, which includes AIDA Cruises and Costa Cruises, and to a China steering committee comprising the Carnival Corporation brands operating in the region.
In addition, longtime AIDA senior executive Felix Eichhorn has been named president of AIDA Cruises. He will also report to Thamm.
"The moves are an important part of our growth strategy in Asia," said Alan Buckelew, Chief Operations Officer for Carnival Corporation. "We thank Michael for his nearly two decades of exceptional leadership in helping develop AIDA into one of our most profitable and popular cruise brands and the market leader in Germany. We have every confidence that Michael's leadership will have a major impact in his new role for Carnival Corporation in Asia, where we are the leading cruise company and expect significant growth opportunities, especially in China."
Thamm added, "We also look forward to adding Felix to our senior leadership team and having him continue the great momentum that AIDA Cruiseshas established as one of the top cruise lines in the world."
Ungerer joined AIDA Cruises in 1997 and has been President of AIDA Cruises since July 2012. From July 2004 to June 2012, he served as AIDA Cruises' Senior Vice President-Operations, responsible for marine operations, new ship builds, guest services, shoreside operations, entertainment and purchasing. He played an important role in the company's product development, as well as further developing AIDA Cruises' high standards of quality for providing a world-class guest experience.
Eichhorn started his career at AIDA Cruises while studying business administration. In the following years, he worked in a variety of increasingly responsible positions ashore and onboard before taking on the role of senior vice president of sales, yield management and flight operations. He assumed responsibility for the sales and revenue management of AIDA Cruises and Costa Germany in 2013.
Carnival Corporation • Carnival Corporation & plc • Costa Group
IIMS Launches Marine Surveyor Search App
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Samskip Appoints Laaksonen as Group CEO
Samskip, a European multimodal service provider group, appointed Kari-Pekka Laaksonen as the Group Chief Executive.Laaksonen…
Fairfield Geotechnologies Names Sugahara CEO
Seismic data processing and licensing company Fairfield Geotechnologies announced Tuesday that Chris Sugahara will succeed…
Herbert Joins Phoenix International
Phoenix International Holdings, Inc. hired Jack Herbert as its Commercial Operations Sales Manager in the Largo, MD office.
Newport News Promotes Two
Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII) announced two promotions to the company's leadership team at its Newport News Shipbuilding…
Cimco Marine Names Losch as Sales Director
Ralf Losch has been appointed Sales Director for Cimco Marine AB's (publ).Ralf Losch started his position on June 24, 2019.


Kyle Busch won Sunday's TicketGuardian 500 NASCAR Cup race at Phoenix, but on Monday crew chief Adam Stevens was fined $10,000 by NASCAR for a safety violation found during post-race inspection.
Stevens was penalized for violating Sections 10.9.10.4 of the NASCAR Rule Book regarding Tires and Wheels: lug nut(s) not properly installed.
That was the only penalty assessed on the Cup side.
* Taylor Moore, crew chief of the No. 8 Chevrolet driven by runner-up Ryan Truex, was fined $5,000 for lug nut(s) violation.
* Timothy Goulet, crew chief of the No. 74 Chevrolet driven by Mike Harmon, was also fined $5,000 for lug nut(s) violation.
Kyle Busch: Sweeps the weekend at ISM Raceway to climb to 199 career NASCAR victories.
Joe Gibbs Racing & Team Penske: They are the only organizations to win the last six Cup races, dating back to November's playoff race at ISM Raceway.
Cup qualifying: It has been must-see viewing the past two weeks. The drafting and gamesmanship on pit road made qualifying fascinating at Las Vegas. The Daniel Suarez-Michael McDowell fight highlighted the session at ISM Raceway.
Ryan Truex: Finished second to Kyle Busch in the Xfinity race. Truex is running a limited schedule with JR Motorsports.
Austin Dillon: Had to give up fifth place late to pit for fuel. He finished 21st and has finished no better than 16th this season.
Ryan Newman: Yes, he finished a season-best 12th despite two pit road penalties (speeding and a crew member behind the wall touching pit road) but imagine what he could have done without those issues?
Ryan Preece: Since his eighth-place finish in the Daytona 500, he has placed 35th, 25th and 34th.


text:
LA Times Crossword 10 Dec 20, Thursday
Constructed by: David Distenfeld
Today's Reveal Answer: Double Park
Themed answers are each an animal described by an adjective that is an anagram of the name of that animal:
60A Leave one's car unlawfully … or where you might expect to find the creatures in the answers to starred clues? : DOUBLE-PARK or DOUBLE PARK
17A *Bovine that doesn't waste words? : TERSE STEER
24A *Dog that had a few too many? : LOOPED POODLE
34A *Sheep that can't see over the pasture wall? : WEE EWE
41A *Insect that caught some rays? : TAN ANT
48A *Weasel family critter wearing clothes? : GARBED BADGER
Bill's time: 7m 07s
1 Arizona locale for MLB spring training fans : MESA
The city of Mesa, Arizona is in effect a suburb of Phoenix. The original settlement of non-Native Americans was founded by Daniel Webster Jones who led a Mormon group from St. George, Utah. The settlement was first called Jonesville, then Fort Utah and eventually Lehi. A second group of Mormons arrived and formed a settlement on top of a nearby mesa. It was this use of a mesa that eventually gave the city its current name.
5 __ breath: bouquet filler : BABY'S
"Baby's breath" is the name used in the US and Canada for Gypsophila, a genus of flowering plants. Gypsophila can often be found on calcium-rich soils including gypsum, which gives the plant its name. Baby's breath is often used as a filler in floral bouquets, and an adornment worn in the hair by young women at weddings.
10 Human rights lawyer Clooney : AMAL
Amal Alamuddin married celebrated Hollywood actor George Clooney in 2014. Alamuddin was born in Beirut, Lebanon and moved with her family to London when she was a toddler. She is a lawyer specializing in international law, with one of her more renowned clients being the founder of WikiLeaks, Julian Assange.
16 Nosh : BITE
Our word "nosh" has been around since the late fifties, when it was imported from the Yiddish word "nashn" meaning "to nibble". We use "nosh" as a noun that means "snack", or as a verb meaning "to eat between meals".
17 *Bovine that doesn't waste words? : TERSE STEER
A steer is a male bovine that was castrated when young and is then raised for beef. The term "steer" comes from the Old English "steor" meaning "bullock".
23 Central Park tree : ELM
The man most associated with the decision to develop Central Park in New York City was William Cullen Bryant, the editor of what today is the "New York Post". He argued that the growing city needed a large, public open space, along the lines of Hyde Park in London and the Bois de Boulogne in Paris. Most of the park's construction took place between 1860 and 1873. Much of the clearing work was accomplished using gunpowder, and it is often noted that more gunpowder was used in Central Park than in the Battle of Gettysburg.
24 *Dog that had a few too many? : LOOPED POODLE
The standard poodle breed of dog is considered by many to be the second-most intelligent breed, after the border collie. The name "poodle" comes from a Low German word meaning "to splash about", reflecting the original use of the breed as a water retriever.
30 __ Canadiens: Montréal team : LES
The Montreal Canadiens hockey team is known by the nickname "Habs", which is short for "Les Habitants". "Les habitants" were the original French settlers in Quebec.
31 Stenographer's stat : WPM
Words per minute (WPM)
Stenography is the process of writing in shorthand. The term comes from the Greek "steno" (narrow) and "graphe" (writing).
32 Big Ten sch. : OSU
Ohio State University (OSU) in Columbus was founded back in 1870 as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College. The athletic teams of OSU are called the Buckeyes, named after the state tree of Ohio. In turn the buckeye tree gets its name from the appearance of its fruit, a dark nut with a light patch thought to resemble a "buck's eye".
37 Choice cut : SIRLOIN
The name of the cut of meat known as "sirloin" comes from the French "sur" (over) and "longe" (loin). There is a story dating back to the early 1600s that the "sur" changed to "sir" because the cut was a favorite of an English king and so he "knighted" it, dubbed it "Sir Loin".
40 Fair treat : CORN DOG
The hot dog on a stick (corn dog) dates back at least to 1947, and probably earlier. The name corn dog comes from the corn batter around the hot dog, and its resemblance on the stick to an ear of corn.
46 Tests for future OBs : MCATS
48 *Weasel family critter wearing clothes? : GARBED BADGER
Badgers are short-legged animals in the weasel family. The short legs are powerful, and adapted for efficient digging. Badgers live in underground burrows known as setts.
52 2019 event for Pinterest, briefly : IPO
An initial public offering (IPO) is the very first offer of stock for sale by a company on the open market. In other words, an IPO marks the first time that a company is traded on a public exchange. Companies have an IPO to raise capital to expand (usually).
Pinterest is a free website which can be used to save and manage images (called "pins") and other media. For some reason, the vast majority of Pinterest users are women.
53 Legal wrong : TORT
"Tort" is a French word meaning "mischief, injury or wrong". In common law, a tort is a civil wrong that results in the injured party suffering loss or harm, and the injuring party having a legal liability. Tort law differs from criminal law in that torts may result from negligence and not just intentional actions. Also, tort lawsuits may be decided on a preponderance of evidence, without the need of proof beyond a reasonable doubt.
62 Mudville number : NINE
"Casey at the Bat" is a poem written in 1888 by Ernest Thayer, first published in the San Francisco Examiner. The poem became very popular due to repeated live performances in vaudeville by DeWolf Hopper. Casey played for the Mudville Nine, and the last line of the poem is "But there is no joy in Mudville – mighty Casey has struck out."
64 Pop singer Sands : EVIE
Evie Sands is a singer from Brooklyn, New York. Sands is also a noted songwriter, having penned songs that have been recorded by the likes of Barbra Streisand, Gladys Knight, Karen Carpenter, Linda Ronstadt and Dusty Springfield.
65 "Meet the Press" moderator : TODD
Chuck Todd is a television journalist. Todd was the Chief White House Correspondent for NBC, before taking over as moderator of "Meet the Press" in 2014.
NBC's news and interview show "Meet the Press" first aired in 1947. That's a long time ago, and so "Meet the Press" is the longest-running television series in US broadcasting history.
1 "The Simpsons" creator Groening : MATT
Matt Groening is a cartoonist. He created two successful animated shows for television, namely "The Simpsons" and "Futurama" (neither of which I understand!).
3 iPhone assistant : SIRI
Siri is a software application that works with Apple's iOS operating system. "Siri" is an acronym standing for Speech Interpretation and Recognition Interface. Voice-over artist Susan Bennett revealed herself as the female American voice of Siri a few years ago. The British version of Siri is called Daniel, and the Australian version is called Karen. Also, "Siri" is a Norwegian name meaning "beautiful woman who leads you to victory", and was the name the developer had chosen for his first child.
5 Low voice : BASSO
The bass is the lowest male singing voice. A man with such a voice might be called a "basso" (plural "bassi"). In an opera, the villain of the piece is usually played by a basso.
7 Disco trio with a Grammy Legend Award : BEE GEES
The Brothers Gibb (hence, the name "The Bee Gees") were born in England but grew up and started their musical careers in Australia. They moved back to Manchester in the north of England as youths, and there hit the big time.
The Grammy Legend Award has been presented intermittently during the annual Grammy Awards ceremony starting in 1990. The prestigious award recognizes outstanding achievements in the music industry. The short list of recipients includes names like Andrew Lloyd Weber, Arethra Franklin, Johnny Cash, Quincy Jones, Frank Sinatra and Luciano Pavarotti.
10 Prez on a penny : ABE
The US one-cent coin has borne the profile of President Abraham Lincoln since 1909, the centennial of Lincoln's birth. Fifty years later, a representation of the Lincoln Memorial was added to the reverse side.
18 SpaceX CEO Musk : ELON
SpaceX (Space Exploration Technologies Corporation) is a space transportation company that was founded in 2002 by Elon Musk, veteran of PayPal and Tesla Motors. In 2012, SpaceX became the first private concern to send a spacecraft to the International Space Station (ISS) and, in 2020, the first to send humans to the ISS. Apparently, SpaceX is the lowest-price player in the game.
22 Links machine : MOWER
26 Links event : OPEN
The oldest type of golf course is a links course. The name "links" comes from the Old English word "hlinc" meaning "rising ground". "Hlinc" was used to describe areas with coastal sand dunes or open parkland. As a result, we use the term "links course" to mean a golf course that is located at or on the coast, often amid sand dunes. The British Open is always played on a links course.
28 Bangkok locale : ASIA
Bangkok is the capital city of Thailand. The exact etymology of the name "Bangkok" seems unclear, although "bang" is a Thai word for "a village situated on a stream".
35 Habit : WONT
The adjective "wont" means "accustomed", as in "I am wont to solving the crossword of an evening".
38 Moussaka meat : LAMB
Moussaka is a delicious dish from the Balkans that uses eggplant or potato as a base. The dish often includes ground meat, particularly lamb.
45 Visiting Vietnam, say : ABROAD
Vietnam is the country with the 13th-largest population in the word. It covers all of the eastern coast of the Indochinese Peninsula in Southeast Asia.
47 Breakfast fare : CREPES
"Crêpe" is the French word for "pancake".
48 Colossal : GIANT
A colossus (plural "colossi") is an exceptionally large statue, the most famous of which was the Colossus of Rhodes. This was a statue of the god Helios that stood over 100 feet tall, on the Greek island of Rhodes. New York's Statue of Liberty was designed to have similar dimensions. The Emma Lazarus poem that is inscribed on the pedestal of the Statue of Liberty is in fact titled "The New Colossus".
49 Sitcom set in a H.S. science class : AP BIO
"AP Bio" is a sitcom that started airing in 2018. The main character in the show is a disgraced Harvard philosophy professor who is forced to return to his hometown of Toledo to work as an AP biology teacher.
51 Desired medals : GOLDS
In the Ancient Olympic Games, the winner of an event was awarded an olive wreath. When the games were revived in 1896, the winners were originally given a silver medal and an olive branch, with runners-up receiving a bronze medal and a laurel branch. The tradition of giving gold, silver and bronze medals began at the 1904 Summer Olympic Games held in St. Louis, Missouri.
55 Etna output : LAVA
Mount Etna on the island of Sicily is the largest of three active volcanoes in Italy, and indeed the largest of all active volcanoes in Europe. Etna is about 2 1/2 times the height of its equally famous sister, Mt. Vesuvius. Mt. Etna is home to a 110-km long narrow-gauge railway, and two ski resorts. It is sometimes referred to as "Mongibello" in Italian, and as "Mungibeddu" in Sicilian. The English name "Etna" comes from the Greek "aitho" meaning "I eat".
56 Hindu titles : SRIS
"Sri" is a title of respect for a male in India.
59 "Ideas worth spreading" conference : TED
The acronym "TED" stands for "Technology, Entertainment and Design". TED is a set of conferences held around the world by a non-profit group called the Sapling Foundation. The conference subjects are varied, and the meetings are often led by big names such as Bill Clinton, Al Gore, Bill Gates and Jane Goodall. The Sapling Foundation then makes recordings of the conferences available for free online with the intent of disseminating the ideas globally. These conferences are known as "TED Talks".
61 Folds of music : BEN
Ben Folds is a singer-songwriter who for several years led the alternative rock band Ben Folds Five.
14 Enthusiastic : AVID
15 Crush the final : ACE IT
19 Class struggle? : EXAM
20 Court events : TRIALS
21 Glitz : GLAM
27 Approach evening : LATEN
33 "I __ had!" : WAS
34 *Sheep that can't see over the pasture wall? : WEE EWE
41 *Insect that caught some rays? : TAN ANT
42 Scatter, as seed : SOW
43 Having one sharp : IN G
44 Morning hrs. : AMS
45 Downed : ATE
54 Ultimatum words : OR ELSE
58 Border : ABUT
60 Leave one's car unlawfully … or where you might expect to find the creatures in the answers to starred clues? : DOUBLE-PARK or DOUBLE PARK
63 Exclusive, as a community : GATED
66 Perfect places : EDENS
67 Talk back to : SASS
2 "Did you __?!" : EVER
4 Source of website revenue : AD SALE
6 Take steps : ACT
8 Cedes the floor : YIELDS
9 Guitar band : STRAP
11 Eclectic art technique : MIXED MEDIA
12 In the least : AT ALL
13 "I wanna!" : LEMME!
25 Have in mind : PLAN
27 Without a clue : LOST
29 React to a missed exit : TURN AROUND
33 Clever one : WIT
34 "Holy moly!" : WOW!
36 Breakfast fare : EGGS
39 Start : ONSET
40 Like some dorms : COED
42 Law : STATUTE
46 Scant : MERE
50 Duck : DODGE
57 Scrapes (out) : EKES
Posted on December 10, 2020 November 22, 2020 Author Bill ButlerCategories David DistenfeldTags Bovine that doesn't waste words? crossword clue, Dog that had a few too many? crossword clue, Insect that caught some rays? crossword clue, Sitcom set in a H.S. science class crossword clue, Weasel wearing clothes? crossword clue
19 thoughts on "LA Times Crossword 10 Dec 20, Thursday"
No errors.. couple of words showed up again that we don't normally see.. LATEN, WONT.. Never heard of APBIO. Have to look that up.
I read it as AP bio- AP for advanced placement (enriched high school classes) and bio, short for biology.
No errors. Cute theme. Tumbled to it with "wee ewe"…then the rest
came pretty easily.
Corky says:
That was fun, though not very hard for a Thursday. Still took me more than 15 minutes, of course.
Jane Drees Blando says:
Got the theme animals quickly, but couldn't quite see how PARK related to them.
One Google for CREPES, which gave me EVIE (never heard of), MCATS, and PARK of DOUBLE PARK. If it indicates an ARK, what is a DOUBLEP?
Also didn't know AP BIO, OSU, AMAL, BEN. Lotsa good guesses.
Please explain ING, somebody.
Had "begin" before ONSET.
I want to add that Low German (Platdeutsch) is not low because it is lacking grammatically, but because it is spoken in the Lowlands, that is, near the Northern Sea, and not in the higher woodlands towards Switzerland.
13:17 3 errors
WEE EWE and, even more, GARBED BADGER clued me in to the theme, but I had trouble with the NE corner.
ING = In G. The key of G Major has one sharp.
Eddiefromoverlook says:
A bit tough, but an enjoyable break from this Covid confinement.
Stay Safe All
21:57 no errors…it continues to amaze me how setters can come up with words like TERSE STEER,LOOPED POODLE,GARBED BADGER etc and make them fit with the other clues to complete a grid. I guess if I knew it might be like the magician telling their secrets so I will just stay in awe and keep trying to solve them .
Be safe😀
Go Ravens🙏
Nell says:
APBIO = Advanced Placement Biology
The show, not the word
Rich says:
Simple enough to solve. Just thought it was a weak theme. Seemed more like a Monday puzzle.
One second shy of 16 minutes, no errors.
A totally picayune "theme".
6:15, 4 errors.
Mostly easy Thursday for me; took me 13:33 with no peeks or errors. Struggled a tiny bit with BITE and EXAM.
After seeing EVIE four or five times now, I got her right away. Had to wait for crosses on MCATS, although I knew most of it. Theme helped a lot. Never heard of AP BIO or BEN Folds Five, but they're a pretty good band.
Greetings!!🤗
Fun puzzle! No errors. Seemed easy for a Thursday to me too. Got the theme quickly. I always like anagrams, since you have fewer letters to decide on. Gave me a chuckle.
Be well~~🥂
Rich Morris says:
My paper printed 5 down as"Start of el ao" not el ano. Caused big problems. Oy Gewalt!
I solved the puzzle but I don't understand the theme. How does "where you might expect to find the creatures in the answers to starred clues?" refer to "double park". I've never seen any of the animals in the crossword in a park. (Some cruciverbalists are weak and their crosswords are probably only an inside joke amongst his sycophants.)
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Strangely, no meta keywords are used by the website Bannercommunity.de.
It seems bannercommunity.de has only been registered once and was never abandoned or has never expired.
Unfortunately, our database contains no Quantcast rank data for Bannercommunity.de at this time.


SoulLovers MilenaBeautyHOT jasmin. 1BIGCOLLIN. KaterinaEva. BustyGoldenGirl.
PONTONYAlteyCutekattycreamtxLanitaVIP .GirlSwanEMMILYLADYASIANmandragorasexyStacySummers .KinkySquirter69FrenchMadamVenusVikitsCORAZON .MatureAbbyBlakeDiasInnaDreamyEMMILYLADYASIAN .CuteOsolxcurvylatinosBembiyX0XPervertWife .kattycreamtxSamyAngelCustoFrenchMadam .IvastalovelyyycoupleVickyRymmesStacySummers .SappicBlondesHotAndSexyLatinHotAndSexyLatinredtorro .ImBlackDiamondLindsieMeyXStacySummersIslinMay .LabelleMilfAnalplay21mandragorasexyparo8282 .CelestinaStarMelisaCandycurvylatinosShyBandJuiceG .
beautybigtransShyBandJuiceGMelisaCandyJodiSquirter .AlanahLouKaterinaEvahirinaSharonDawnX .lovelyyycoupleJohn09CUTTEBOY27Yummythickems .BembiyJessyWestSamyAngelSamyAngel .IslinMay1BIGCOLLINExoticKimDoubleCollege .curvylatinosAlanisMooreLindsieMeyXbothlatin .Nicegirls777victoriasroomKimEllisJessicaRuiz .SweetWasabiYummythickemsprivatedesirePeter1234 .DylanAndCrystalLinAlssoLanitaVIPElegantKristine .WonderIssabelabeautybigtransBigStrongAlexhirina .PONTONYWonderIssabelaShyBandJuiceGCelestinaStar .


text:
Q: Call to a member function getAssociationAdmin() on null In my admin class, I have a one to many field used as CollectionType.
protected function configureFormFields(FormMapper $formMapper)
{
    $formMapper
            ->add('title', null, ['required' => true])
            ->add('options', CollectionType::class, [], [
                    'edit' => 'inline',
                    'inline' => 'table',
                    'sortable' => 'position',
             ]);
}

In Sonata create form, it works fine when Add new is clicked. But I need to customize form fields based on create and edit. So when I altered my code as,
protected function configureFormFields(FormMapper $formMapper)
{
    if ($this->isCurrentRoute('create')) {
        $formMapper
            ->add('title', null, ['required' => true])
            ->add('options', CollectionType::class, [], [
                    'edit' => 'inline',
                    'inline' => 'table',
                    'sortable' => 'position',
             ]);
    }

    if ($this->isCurrentRoute('edit')) {
        $formMapper
            ->add('title', null, ['disabled' => true])
            ->add('options', CollectionType::class, [], [
                    'edit' => 'inline',
                    'inline' => 'table',
                    'sortable' => 'position',
             ]);
    }
}

Add new is not working in create form. It throws Call to a member function getAssociationAdmin() on null error for method named append-form-field-element?code=admin... found in network debug in browser.
My question here is, Add new button for one to many collection type works when $formMapper is common for both create and edit but doesn't work when $formMapper is customized for create and edit form.
Does anyone have suggestion or solution? Thanks in advance.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Developing friendships begins early at Saint Benedict Academy. The older students are paired with the younger students to be prayer partners. The older students learn to teach their faith through being a role model. This helps the younger students to grow in their faith!
On Wednesday August 31st, the fifth graders met their Kindergarten prayer partners for the first time! Mrs. Timpe and Mrs. Connors' paired their students for the 2016-17 school year. Teachers will change partners throughout the year to strengthen the bond between the younger and older kids at the school. The students get together throughout the year for special activities and every week for Mass. Saint Benedict Academy celebrates Mass every Thursday at 8:30 am at Saint Raphael's Parish. Come join us!


Beauty aside, this blog was suppose to be helpful to those of us who have touched the dark side and are surviving. If I were to be honest, as the blog started growing, I got embarrassed discussing my past, present and everything in between because now people had seen my face, they related it to someone and it was all too much. So it takes courage talking and discussing this again, so I do ask for some acceptance.
So to add relevance to the image in this post, I literally just found this on Tumblr. As soon as I saw it, I saved it to my desktop knowing one day I will address the words in this image, talk about the realities and explore my case as an anecdote.
A. Don't be a jerk – Mocking about someone's issues is NOT funny. Even if they're sarcastic or dry humored themselves, it's only because they've just never seen the light in the situation. If you're trying to help, try to change their negativity to positive affirmations.
B. Show that you care – When someone confides in you with their deep rooted depression, chances are they know, they're closer to the edge of taking a wrong step. So hear them out, make it easier by being there no matter what.
I can vouch for this personally, those who suffer from depression hate attention, do not appreciate pity, we appreciate the truth, we appreciate people who see the light and accept us with our 'issues'. Most likely, we've grown up with an insidious sensation of 'not being enough' or 'why can't I be more like her/him?'. Don't judge, be yourself and let them be themselves. That is literally all you need to do to make a difference in someone's life.
Thank you for shining a light and helping those suffering from mental illness. No one should have to feel alone, or suffer in silence.


Wireshark uses it to. Jeff Moffatt ill 1611/tcp Inter … – # This is a local copy of the IANA port-numbers file. # # Wireshark uses it to resolve port numbers into human readable # service names, e.g. TCP port 80 -> http….


Need to know the next step(s) after the hard drive pic appears with an up arrow beneath the pic. It wants me to do something but I don't know what.
Are you installing an application? If you are it wants you to grab the application ICON and drag it to the HDD ICON.
Thanks Brian, but this isn't an app install. Just a failure to boot normally.
System Prefs>>> Start-up Disk. You have to make sure the OS X folder/drive is selected. It seem like your computer does not quite know where to find your OS. Of course it could also be that the Option key is being pressed at startup, or a setting which can be cleared by pressing the Option, Command, P, and R keys at startup, and releasing them after the second chime.
lumloy371 가/이 대단히 고마워 할 것입니다.


text:
International | News
Audi Updates e-tron range with New Q8 e-tron
Shares the same name as the e-tron family, but brings much more to the EV table.
Most people would have forgotten by now that the original Audi e-tron launched way back in 2018, buried in the EV avalanche. A good pool of manufacturers has released new EVs since then, burying Audi's electric SUV into the pages of obscurity.
Of course, it was only a matter of time before a new e-tron update was revealed, and here it is, and it's back with a vengeance. The new model is now been renamed the Audi Q8 e-tron, making it easier to differentiate from its older brethren.
With its new name, the Q8 e-tron is now denoted as the electric counterpart to the standard Audi Q8 SUV. Fear not if you're not too keen on the boxy SUV body shape, as prospective buyers can also get it in the sexier coupe-SUV Q8 Sportback e-tron form, which is in the pipeline.
So what's new?
A new grille with hexagonal slots sits front and centre, padded by new grille surrounds and new digital LED matrix headlamps. The rear bumper has also been sculpted more voluptuously.
The new bodywork has also improved the aerodynamics of the Q8 e-tron, dropping the drag coefficients of both the Q8 e-tron and Q8 e-tron Sportback to Cd 0.26 – 0.24 in the Sportback and Cd 0.28 – 0.27 in the regular Q8 e-tron. Pretty remarkable for a lumbering SUV.
Unfortunately, interior details have not yet been revealed yet, but we are guessing the Q8 e-tron will follow a similar design language to the current Audi e-tron GT.
Yes, it has a battery. A huge one.
Three motor variants will be available for the new Audi Q8 e-tron. Entry point to the range starts with the Q8 50 e-tron, which houses a 95kWh battery and twin-motor all-wheel drive. Peak power output sits at 335bhp, or 250kW, and a range good for up to 491km (WLTP).
Spring for the more powerful Audi Q8 55 e-tron, and power jumps to 402bhp, or 300kW. Crucially, a higher capacity 114kWh battery is fitted as standard, allowing for a total range of up to 600km (WLTP). This puts it in firing range of the Mercedes-EQ EQS 450+, which is currently the top dog in terms of EV range you can buy in Singapore, at the time of writing.
But, if you really want to be the fastest SUV, or by extension EV, on the block, then the Audi SQ8 e-tron and SQ8 Sportback e-tron may be up your alley. Both feature three electric motors touting a combined power output of 496bhp, or 365kW. Not that impressive? Well, couple that with 973Nm. There you go. Shame that the top speed is electronically limited to only 210km/h. Total range for the SQ8 Sportback e-tron is rated at up to 513km (WLTP).
Major EV improvements all round
Fast charging is even faster in both Q8 55 e-tron and SQ8 e-tron variants, thanks to charge rates of up to 170kW. This equates to a 10 to 80 per cent charge in just 31 minutes. While not necessarily the runt of the litter, the base model Q8 e-tron has to make do with just 150kW on tap.
For trickle overnight charging, all Q8 e-tron variants will accept 11kW AC charging, with faster 22kW AC power also available.
The new e-tron is able to push more torque out thanks to more coil windings in the motors. The original e-tron SUV had 12 coils around the individual motor rotors, and this new version increases this to 14 coils. The extra windings enable more torque, plus it draws less power when the car is cruising at constant speeds. More powerful and efficient at the same time? Win-win!
Ride height can also be altered thanks to standard-fit air suspension, which can alter the car's height by up to 76mm depending on the driving mode. Other notable updates include revised progressive steering, giving it a more direct and quicker input while driving.
It's coming really soon
The Audi Q8 e-tron is expected to arrive in Singapore beginning in the second half of 2023. Prices have not yet been released at the time of writing.
Enjoyed this article? Check out more news on AutoApp here!