METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING FATTY ACID METAL SALT PARTICLE, AND FATTY ACID METAL SALT PARTICLE - FUJI XEROX CO., LTD.
A method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle includes forming a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt on a surface of a core material particle in supercritical carbon dioxide.
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1. A method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle comprising: forming a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt on a surface of a core material particle in supercritical carbon dioxide.
2. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 1, wherein the core material particle is silica.
3. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 1, wherein the core material particle is silica produced using a sol-gel method.
4. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 1, wherein the fatty acid metal salt is selected from zinc stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, iron stearate, copper stearate, magnesium palmitate, calcium palmitate, manganese oleate, lead oleate, zinc laurate, calcium laurate, zinc ricinoleate and zinc octylate.
5. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 1, wherein a volume average particle diameter of the core material particles is from 10 nm to 1000 nm.
6. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 1, wherein a metal of the fatty acid metal salt is zinc.
7. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 2, comprising: preparing a silica particle dispersion containing silica particles, and a solvent including an alcohol and water.
8. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 2, wherein a volume average particle diameter of the silica particles is from 50 nm to 1000 nm.
9. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 2, wherein the silica particles have a circularity of from 0.5 to 0.85.
10. The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 1, wherein a content of the fatty acid metal salt is from 1% by weight to 30% by weight with respect to a total amount of particles of the fatty acid metal salt.
11. A fatty acid metal salt particle comprising: a core material particle; and a coating layer that includes a fatty acid metal salt formed in supercritical carbon dioxide.
12. The fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 11, wherein a content of the fatty acid metal salt is from 1% by weight to 30% by weight with respect to a total amount of the fatty acid metal salt particle.
13. The fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 11, wherein the core material particle is silica.
14. The fatty acid metal salt particle according to claim 13, wherein the core material particle is silica produced using a sol-gel method.
This application is based on and claims priority under 35 USC 119 from Japanese Patent Application No. 2012-283043 filed Dec. 26, 2012.
The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle, and a fatty acid metal salt particle.
According to an aspect of the invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle including: forming a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt on a surface of a core material particle in supercritical carbon dioxide.
Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described.
The fatty acid metal salt particle according to the present exemplary embodiment has a core material particle and a coating layer which includes a fatty acid metal salt formed on a surface of the core material particle and is formed in supercritical carbon dioxide. In other words, in the exemplary embodiment, a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is formed on a surface of a core material particle to form a fatty acid metal salt particle.
The fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment has the coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt formed on the surface of the core material particle in the supercritical carbon dioxide.
In a case in which the coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is formed on the surface of the core material particle, when the coating layer is formed on the surface in the supercritical carbon dioxide, the fatty acid metal salt is dissolved in the supercritical carbon dioxide.
Here, since the supercritical carbon dioxide has a characteristic of an extremely low surface tension, it is considered that the fatty acid metal salt in a state of being dissolved in the supercritical carbon dioxide becomes easily diffusible onto surface of silica particle together with the supercritical carbon dioxide, and is attached to the entire surface of the core material particle in a state in which it becomes difficult for the metal salt to be distributed unevenly.
In addition, it is considered that, even when the core material particle is, for example, particle having fine pores on surface, such as sol-gel silica particle, due to the above characteristic of the supercritical carbon dioxide, the fatty acid metal salt in a state of being dissolved in the supercritical carbon dioxide becomes easily diffusible not only onto the surface of the sol-gel silica particle but also deep into the pores, and is attached to the entire surface of the sol-gel silica particle as long as the coating layer is formed in the supercritical carbon dioxide.
As a result, it is considered that the contact area between the core material surface and the coating layer improves, and the adhesiveness thereof is high.
Therefore, in the fatty acid metal salt according to the exemplary embodiment, flaking of the coating layer including the fatty acid metal salt is suppressed.
Meanwhile, while a fatty acid metal salt particle, which has been used conventionally and has no layer structure, has a particle diameter of 3 μm to 10 μm, and tends to become a particle having a wide particle size distribution, since the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt according to the exemplary embodiment is a manufacturing method in which the core material particle is coated, it is possible to manufacture a fatty acid metal salt particle having a small particle diameter (for example, on a nanometer size) and a narrow particle size distribution by selecting the core material particle depending on purpose.
As a result, it is considered that the fluidity and charging property of the fatty acid metal salt particle improve.
In addition, it is considered that the fatty acid metal salt particle improves in terms of heat storing properties.
Hereinafter, the exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in detail.
First, the coating layer and the core material particle which configure the fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment will be described.
The coating layer includes a fatty acid metal salt.
Examples of the fatty acid metal salt include metal salts of fatty acid (for example, fatty acid, such as stearic acid, 12-hydroxy stearic acid, behenic acid, montanic acid, lauric acid and other organic acids) and metals, such as calcium, zinc, magnesium, aluminum and others (Na, Li and the like).
Specific examples of the fatty acid metal salt include zinc stearate, calcium stearate, aluminum stearate, iron stearate, copper stearate, magnesium palmitate, calcium palmitate, manganese oleate, lead oleate, zinc laurate, calcium laurate, zinc ricinoleate, zinc octylate and the like.
Among the above, it is preferable that the fatty acid metal salt be zinc stearate, zinc laurate, zinc ricinoleate or zinc octylate, more preferably zinc stearate or zinc laurate, and still more preferably zinc stearate.
Here, it is considered that, in a case in which the metal of the fatty acid metal salt is zinc, a fatty acid metal salt particle, in which the fluidity improves and the charging property is maintained, is realized.
The reason is not clear, but it is considered to stem from the characteristics of zinc.
The fatty acid metal salt included in the coating layer may be one element or plural elements.
A well-known particle having favorable dispersibility is used as the core material particle, and an example thereof includes an inorganic particle.
Examples of the inorganic particle include particle configured of silicon oxide (silica), aluminum oxide, zinc oxide, titanium oxide, tin oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium carbonate, calcium oxide or barium titanate.
The surface of the inorganic particle may not be hydrophobized, but it is more preferable that the surface be hydrophobized.
Among the above, the inorganic particle is preferably a particle configured of silica and titanium oxide, and a particle configured of silica (hereinafter referred to as silica particle) is more preferably from the viewpoint of improvement in charging property.
The silica particle may be silica particle obtained using any of wet methods (for example, a sol-gel method or the like) and dry methods (for example, a gas phase method or the like), and examples thereof include sol-gel silica particle, aqueous colloidal silica particle, alcoholic silica particle, fumed silica particle obtained using the gas phase method, and fused silica particle.
Among the above, the sol-gel silica particle obtained using the sol-gel method is preferable from the viewpoint of an improvement in the fluidity of the fatty acid metal salt particle and a possibility of obtaining the fatty acid metal salt particle having the maintained charging property since the particle size distribution of the silica particle becomes likely to be narrow.
The volume average particle diameter of the core material particle may be, for example, from 10 nm to 1000 nm, preferably 20 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably 50 nm to 300 nm.
The volume average particle diameter of the core material particle may be obtained from the 50% diameter (D50v) in the cumulative frequency of the volume particle diameter measured using an LS coulter (particle size measuring apparatus manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
The method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle of the exemplary embodiment is a method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle including a coating layer-forming process in which a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is formed on the surface of the core material particle in supercritical carbon dioxide.
Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle, to which the sol-gel silica particle (hereinafter referred to as silica particle) is applied as the core material particle, will be described. However, the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment is not limited to the following.
Meanwhile, in the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment, supercritical carbon dioxide is used in the coating layer-forming process, but supercritical carbon dioxide may be used in other manufacturing processes (for example, a solvent-removing process) of a fatty acid metal salt particle.
In the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle using supercritical carbon dioxide in other manufacturing processes, it is possible to more effectively manufacture a fatty acid metal salt particle, which is excellent in terms of the environmental stability of electrical resistance and charging property. In addition, the generation of coarse powder is more effectively suppressed.
The reasons are not clear, but may be considered as follows: 1) in a case in which the solvent of the silica particle dispersion is removed, due to a property of the supercritical carbon dioxide that "the surface tension does not work", the solvent is removed without the agglomeration of particles, which is caused by a liquid crosslinking force generated when the solvent is removed; 2) due to a property of the supercritical carbon dioxide that "the supercritical carbon dioxide is carbon dioxide at the critical temperature and pressure or higher, and has both the diffusivity of gas and the solubility of liquid", the supercritical carbon dioxide efficiently comes into contact with the solvent and dissolves the solvent at a relatively low temperature (for example, 250° C. or lower), and therefore the solvent in the silica particle dispersion is removed by removing the supercritical carbon dioxide which has dissolved the solvent without the generation of coarse powder, such as secondary agglomerate, due to the condensation of a silanol group; and the like.
Hereinafter, regarding the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle, in which supercritical carbon dioxide is used in other manufacturing processes and the core material particle is silica particle, the respective processes will be described in detail.
Meanwhile, the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment will not be limited to the following, and may be, for example, 1) an aspect in which supercritical carbon dioxide is used only in the coating layer-forming process, 2) an aspect in which dry silica particle is prepared in advance, and the coating layer-forming process is sequentially carried out on the dry silica particle, 3) an aspect in which the respective processes are individually carried out, or the like.
Hereinafter, the respective processes will be described in detail.
In the dispersion-preparing process, for example, a silica particle dispersion containing silica particles and a solvent including alcohol and water is prepared.
Specifically, in the dispersion-preparing process, for example, a silica particle dispersion is prepared using a wet method (for example, the sol-gel method or the like). Particularly, it is preferable that the silica particle dispersion be manufactured using the sol-gel method as the wet method, specifically, by causing a reaction (hydrolysis reaction or condensation reaction) of tetraalkoxysilane in a solvent of alcohol and water in the presence of an alkaline catalyst so as to generate silica particles.
The volume average particle diameter of the silica particles is adjusted depending on use of a fatty acid metal salt particle, and, for example, may be from 20 nm to 500 nm, and preferably from 50 nm to 300 nm.
The volume average particle diameter of the silica particles may be obtained from the 50% diameter (D50v) in the cumulative frequency of the volume particle diameter measured using an LS coulter (particle size measuring apparatus manufactured by Beckman Coulter, Inc.).
The shape of the silica particles may be any of a spherical shape or an irregular shape, but it is preferable that the shape be, for example, an irregular shape having a circularity of from 0.5 to 0.85 from the viewpoint of fluidity or heat-resistant stability.
The circularity of the silica particles refers to the average circularity of primary particles, and may be obtained as "100/SF2" by analyzing an image of the primary particles of the silica particles attached to the surfaces of resin particles using an image analysis software WinROOF (manufactured by Mitani Corporation) and calculating the degree using the following formula.
In the formula, I represents the peripheral length of particles on an image, and A represents the projected area of particles.
In addition, the average of circularity may be obtained as a 50% of circularity in the cumulative frequency of the circularity of 100 primary particles obtained using the above image analysis.
In the dispersion-preparing process, for example, in a case in which the silica particles are obtained using a wet method, the silica particles are obtained in a state of a dispersion in which the silica particles are dispersed in a solvent (silica particle dispersion).
Here, when transferring to the solvent-removing process, in the silica particle dispersion being prepared, the mass ratio of water with respect to alcohol may be, for example, from 0.1 to 1.0, preferably from 0.15 to 0.5, and more preferably from 0.2 to 0.3.
In the silica particle dispersion, when the mass ratio of water with respect to alcohol is in the above range, only a small amount of coarse powder of the silica particles are generated after the coating layer-forming process, and it becomes easy to obtain silica particles having favorable electrical resistance.
When the mass ratio of water with respect to alcohol is below 0.1, since only a small number of silanol groups condense on the surfaces of the silica particles when removing the solvent in the solvent-removing process, a large amount of moisture is adsorbed on the surfaces of the silica particles after the removal of the solvent such that there are cases in which the electrical resistance of the silica particles becomes too low after the coating layer-forming process. In addition, when the mass ratio of water exceeds 1.0, a large amount of water remains when almost all the solvent in the silica particle dispersion is removed in the solvent-removing process, the silica particles easily agglomerate due to a liquid crosslinking force, and there are cases in which the silica particles are present in a form of coarse powder after the coating layer-forming process.
In addition, when transferring to the solvent-removing process, in the silica particle dispersion being prepared, the mass ratio of water with respect to the silica particles may be, for example, from 0.02 to 3, preferably from 0.05 to 1, and more preferably from 0.1 to 0.5.
In the silica particle dispersion, when the mass ratio of water with respect to the silica particles is in the above range, only a small amount of coarse powder of the silica particles are generated after the coating layer-forming process, and it becomes easy to obtain silica particles having favorable electrical resistance.
When the mass ratio of water with respect to the silica particles is below 0.02, since only a small number of silanol groups condense on the surfaces of the silica particles when removing the solvent in the solvent-removing process, a large amount of moisture is adsorbed on the surfaces of the silica particles after the removal of the solvent such that there are cases in which the electrical resistance of the silica particles becomes too low after the coating layer-forming process.
In addition, when the mass ratio of water exceeds 3, a large amount of water remains when almost all the solvent in the silica particle dispersion is removed in the solvent-removing process, and there are cases in which the silica particles easily agglomerate due to a liquid crosslinking force.
In addition, when transferring to the solvent-removing process, in the silica particle dispersion being prepared, the mass ratio of the silica particles with respect to the silica particle dispersion may be, for example, from 0.05 to 0.7, preferably from 0.2 to 0.65, and more preferably from 0.3 to 0.6.
When the mass ratio of the silica particles with respect to the silica particle dispersion is below 0.05, the amount of supercritical carbon dioxide being used increases in the solvent-removing process, and there are cases in which the productivity deteriorates.
In addition, when the mass ratio of the silica particles with respect to the silica particle dispersion exceeds 0.7, the distance between the silica particles in the silica particle dispersion decreases, and there are cases in which coarse powder is easily generated from the agglomeration or gelation of the silica particles.
The solvent-removing process is a process in which, for example, supercritical carbon dioxide is communicated, and the solvent in the silica particle dispersion is removed.
That is, in the solvent-removing process, the supercritical carbon dioxide is brought into contact with the silica particle dispersion by communicating the supercritical carbon dioxide, thereby removing the solvent.
Specifically, in the solvent-removing process, for example, the silica particle dispersion is added into a closed reactor. After that, liquefied carbon dioxide is added to a closed reactor, heated, and the pressure in the reactor is increased using a high-pressure pump, thereby bringing carbon dioxide into a supercritical state. In addition, the supercritical carbon dioxide is put into the closed reactor, discharged, and communicated in the closed reactor, that is, in the silica particle dispersion.
Thereby, the supercritical carbon dioxide dissolves the solvent (alcohol and water) and is discharged outside the silica particle dispersion (outside the closed reactor) while entraining the solvent, thereby removing the solvent.
Here, the supercritical carbon dioxide refers to carbon dioxide at the critical temperature and pressure or higher, and has both diffusivity of gas and solubility of liquid.
The temperature condition for solvent removal, that is, the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide may be, for example, from 31° C. to 350° C., preferably from 60° C. to 300° C., and more preferably from 80° C. to 250° C.
When the temperature is below the above range, since it becomes difficult for the solvent to be dissolved in the supercritical carbon dioxide, there are cases in which the removal of the solvent becomes difficult. In addition, it is considered that there are cases in which coarse powder becomes easily generated due to a liquid crosslinking force of the solvent or the supercritical carbon dioxide. On the other hand, when the temperature is above the above range, it is considered that there are cases in which coarse powder, such as secondary agglomerate, becomes easily generated due to the condensation of the silanol groups on the surfaces of the silica particles.
The pressure condition for solvent removal, that is, the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide may be, for example, from 7.38 MPa to 40 MPa, preferably from 10 MPa to 35 MPa, and more preferably from 15 MPa to 25 MPa.
When the pressure is below the above range, there is a tendency that it becomes difficult to dissolve the solvent in the supercritical carbon dioxide, and, on the other hand, when the pressure is above the above range, there is a tendency that the facilities become expensive.
In addition, the amount of the supercritical carbon dioxide introduced into and exhausted from the closed reactor may be, for example, from 15.4 L/min/m3 to 1540 L/min/m3, and preferably from 77 L/min/m3 to 770 L/min/m′3.
When the introduction and exhaust amount is less than 15.4 L/min/m3, it takes a long time to remove the solvent, and therefore there is a tendency that the productivity becomes likely to deteriorate.
On the other hand, when the introduction and exhaust amount is 1540 L/min/m3 or more, the supercritical carbon dioxide passes rapidly (the so-called short-pass phenomenon), the contact time with the silica particle dispersion becomes short, and there is a tendency that it becomes difficult to efficiently remove the solvent.
After the solvent-removing process and before the coating layer-forming process, the surfaces of the silica particles may be subjected to a hydrophobizing process with a hydrophobizing agent.
The hydrophobizing process is a process in which, subsequent to the solvent-removing process, a hydrophobizing treatment is carried out on the surfaces of the hydrophilic silica particles using a hydrophobizing agent in the supercritical carbon dioxide.
That is, in the present process, for example, before the transition from the solvent-removing process, the hydrophobizing treatment is carried out on the surfaces of the hydrophilic silica particles using the hydrophobizing agent in the supercritical carbon dioxide without opening to the atmosphere.
Specifically, in the process, for example, after the introduction and exhaust of the supercritical carbon dioxide into the closed reactor in the solvent-removing process are stopped, the temperature and pressure of the closed reactor are adjusted, and a constant proportion of the hydrophobizing agent is added into the hydrophilic silica particles in a state in which the supercritical carbon dioxide is present in the closed reactor. In addition, in a state in which the above state is maintained, that is, in the supercritical carbon dioxide, the hydrophobizing agent is reacted so as to carry out the hydrophobizing treatment of the hydrophilic silica particles. Examples of the hydrophobizing agent include well-known organic silicon compounds having an alkyl group (for example, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group or the like), and specific examples thereof include silazane compounds (for example, hexamethyldisilazane, tetramethyldisilazane, and the like) and silane compounds, such as methyltrimethoxysilane, dimethyldimethoxysilane, trimethylchlorosilane, trimethylmethoxysilane; and the like. One or plural hydrophobizing agents may be used.
Among the above hydrophobizing agents, an organic silicon compound having a trimethyl group, such as trimethylmethoxysilane or hexamethyldisilazane, is preferable.
The amount of the hydrophobizing agent used is not particularly limited; however, in order to obtain a hydrophobizing effect, the amount may be, for example, from 1% by weight to 60% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 40% by weight, and more preferably from 10% by weight to 30% by weight with respect to the hydrophilic silica particles.
Here, the temperature conditions of the hydrophobizing treatment (the temperature condition under the reaction), that is, the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide may be, for example, from 80° C. to 300° C., preferably from 100° C. to 300° C., and more preferably from 150° C. to 250° C.
When the temperature is below the above range, the reactivity between the hydrophobizing agent and the surfaces of the hydrophilic silica particles deteriorates. On the other hand, when the temperature is above the above range, a condensation reaction proceeds between the silanol groups of the hydrophilic silica particles, which results in the reduction of the reaction sites, and there are cases in which it becomes difficult for the degree of hydrophobization to improve.
Meanwhile, the pressure condition of the hydrophobizing treatment (the pressure condition under the reaction), that is, the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide does not matter as long as the above density is satisfied, but may be, for example, from 8 MPa to 30 MPa, preferably from 10 MPa to 25 MPa, and more preferably from 15 MPa to 20 MPa.
The present process is a process in which, subsequent to the solvent-removing process and the hydrophobizing process, a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is formed on the surface of the silica particle in the supercritical carbon dioxide.
That is, in the coating layer-forming process, for example, before the transition from the solvent-removing process and the hydrophobizing process, without opening to the atmosphere, a solution for forming a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt, which will be described below, is added in the supercritical carbon dioxide so as to form coating layer on the surface of the silica particle.
Specifically, in the coating layer-forming process, for example, after the introduction and exhaust of the supercritical carbon dioxide into the closed reactor in the solvent-removing process and the hydrophobizing process are stopped, the temperature and pressure in the closed reactor are adjusted, and a constant proportion of the solution for forming a coating layer is added to the silica particle in a state in which the supercritical carbon dioxide is present in the closed reactor. In addition, in a state in which the above state is maintained, that is, in the supercritical carbon dioxide, a coating layer is formed on the core material particle.
The solution for forming a coating layer is prepared by, for example, mixing the above fatty acid metal salt and a solvent.
As the solvent, a well-known organic solvent that may dissolve the fatty acid metal salt is used. Specific examples thereof include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents (for example, toluene, xylene, ethyl benzene and tetralin); aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon solvents (for example, n-hexane, n-heptane, cyclohexane and the like); halogen solvents (for example, methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, methylene dichloride, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene, perchloroethylene, and the like); ester or ester ether solvents (for example, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxy butyl acetate, methyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, and the like); ether solvents (for example, diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, and the like); ketone solvents (for example, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, di-n-butyl ketone, cyclohexanone, and the like); alcohol solvents (for example, methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, t-butanol, 2-ethyl hexyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, and the like); amide solvents (for example, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, and the like); sulfoxide solvents (for example, dimethyl sulfoxide and the like); heterocyclic compound solvents (for example, N-methylpyrrolidone and the like), mixtures of two or more of these solvents, and the like. Among the above, it is preferable to use toluene, xylene, methanol or methyl ethyl ketone.
The fatty acid metal salt may be from 1% by weight to 50% by weight, preferably from 5% by weight to 30% by weight, and more preferably from 10% by weight to 20% by weight with respect to the solvent.
In the coating layer-forming process, it is sufficient that the reaction is caused in the supercritical carbon dioxide (that is, in the atmosphere of the supercritical carbon dioxide), and a surface treatment may be carried out while the supercritical carbon dioxide is communicated (that is, the supercritical carbon dioxide is introduced into and exhausted from the closed reactor) or is not communicated.
The amount of the core material particles with respect to the volume of the reactor (that is, the feed amount) may be, for example, from 50 g/L to 600 g/L, preferably from 100 g/L to 500 g/L, and more preferably from 150 g/L to 400 g/L.
When the amount is smaller than the above range, the concentration of the solution for forming a coating layer in the supercritical carbon dioxide decreases, the contact probability with the surfaces of the core material particles decreases, and it becomes difficult for the formation of the coating layer to proceed. On the other hand, when the amount is larger than the above range, the concentration of the solution for forming a coating layer in the supercritical carbon dioxide increases, the solution for forming a coating layer is not fully dissolved in the supercritical carbon dioxide, and is poorly dispersed, and coarse agglomerates become likely to be generated.
The density of the supercritical carbon dioxide in the supercritical carbon dioxide may be, for example, from 0.1 g/ml to 0.6 g/ml, preferably from 0.1 g/ml to 0.5 g/ml, and more preferably from 0.2 g/ml to 0.4 g/ml.
When the density is the above range or more, the diffusivity of the supercritical carbon dioxide deteriorates, and it becomes difficult to form more uniform coating layers on the surfaces of silica. In addition, when the density is the above range or less, the solubility of the fatty acid metal salt in the supercritical carbon dioxide decreases, and it becomes difficult to form more uniform coating layers on the surfaces of silica.
Meanwhile, the density of the supercritical carbon dioxide is adjusted by temperature, pressure and the like.
Here, the temperature conditions of the coating layer-forming process (the temperature condition under the reaction), that is, the temperature of the supercritical carbon dioxide may be, for example, from 60° C. to 300° C., preferably from 90° C. to 230° C., and more preferably from 120° C. to 200° C.
When the temperature is the above range or more, the particles become likely to agglomerate due to the condensation of the silanol groups on the silica surfaces. In addition, when the temperature is the above range or less, the solubility of the fatty acid metal salt in the supercritical carbon dioxide decreases, and it becomes difficult to form more uniform coating layers on the surfaces of silica.
Meanwhile, the pressure condition of the coating layer-forming process (the pressure condition under the reaction), that is, the pressure of the supercritical carbon dioxide does not matter as long as the above density is satisfied, but may be, for example, from 10 MPa to 30 MPa, preferably from 12 MPa to 25 MPa, and more preferably from 15 MPa to 20 MPa.
The addition amount of the solution for forming a coating layer is adjusted depending on the amount of the silica particles so that the coverage of the coating layer is within a range described below.
The coverage of the coating layer on the fatty acid metal salt particle may be from 20% to 100%, preferably from 30% to 100%, and more preferably from 50% to 100%.
The coverage of the fatty acid metal salt on the surface of the fatty acid metal salt particle is measured using an X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic apparatus (XPS). The detail of the measuring method is as follows.
As the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic apparatus, a JPS9010 (manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) is used. For example, in a case in which the coverage is measured using a zinc stearate-coated silica particle as an example, the coverage is determined based on the value of the ratio of zinc to all elements.
The value of the ratio of zinc to all elements, which is measured from a single member of the silica particle which has not yet been coated with zinc stearate is set to 0%, the value of the ratio of zinc to all elements, which is measured from a single member of zinc stearate is set to 100%, and the coverage of zinc stearate on the surface of the zinc stearate-coated silica particle is measured.
Meanwhile, the upper limit of the coverage of the fatty acid metal salt is 100%, and the lower limit is 0%.
The coating amount of the fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment may be from 1% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from 3% by weight to 25% by weight, and more preferably from 5% by weight to 20% by weight with respect to the total weight of the fatty acid metal salt particle.
The coating amount is measured using a fluorescent X-ray, and, specifically, is measured in the following manner.
For example, the measurement intensity of zinc measured from a single member of the silica particle which has not yet been coated with zinc stearate is set to 0% by weight, the measurement intensity of zinc measured from a single member of zinc stearate is set to 100% by weight, and the coating amount of zinc stearate on the zinc stearate-coated silica particle is measured in terms of % by weight.
The volume average particle diameter of the fatty acid metal salt particle is adjusted in accordance with the use of the fatty acid metal salt particle, and may be, for example, from 10 nm to 1000 nm, preferably from 20 nm to 500 nm, and more preferably from 50 nm to 300 nm.
In addition, the volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv) of the fatty acid metal salt particle may be, for example, from 1.10 to 1.70, preferably from 1.15 to 1.60, and more preferably from 1.15 to 1.50.
The cumulative distributions of the volume and the number are drawn from the small diameter side with respect to particle size ranges (channels), which are divided based on the obtained particle size distribution, the particle diameter, at which the accumulation reaches 16%, is defined as the volume particle diameter D16v and the number particle diameter D16p, the particle diameter, at which the accumulation reaches 50%, is defined as the volume average particle diameter D50v and the number average particle diameter D50p, and the particle diameter, at which the accumulation reaches 84%, is defined as the volume particle diameter D84v and the number particle diameter D84p.
Using the above elements, the volume average particle size distribution index (GSDv) is calculated using (D84v/D16v)1/2 and the number average particle size distribution index (GSDp) is calculated using (D84p/D16p)1/2.
The fatty acid metal salt particle obtained using the method for manufacturing a fatty acid metal salt particle according to the exemplary embodiment is used in well-known use for which the fatty acid metal salt particle is used; however, since the particle is the fatty acid metal salt particle in which the flaking of a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is suppressed, the particle is preferably used particularly in, for example, an external additive of a toner, a fluidization aid of a powder coating, a release agent for resin molding and a lubricant for inorganic fine particles.
Hereinafter, the exemplary embodiment will be described more specifically and in detail using examples and comparative examples, but the exemplary embodiment is not limited to the examples in any manner. In addition, "parts" indicates "parts by weight" unless particularly otherwise described.
Zinc stearate and toluene are mixed in the following conditions, thereby preparing a solution for forming a coating layer 1.
Zinc stearate (10 parts by weight) is added to toluene (90 parts by weight), and the mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 20 minutes, thereby preparing the solution for forming a coating layer 1.
Zinc laurate and toluene are mixed in the following conditions, thereby preparing a solution for forming a coating layer 2.
Zinc laurate (10 parts by weight) is added to toluene (90 parts by weight), and the mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 20 minutes for dissolution, thereby preparing the solution for forming a coating layer 2.
Calcium stearate and toluene are mixed in the following conditions, thereby preparing a solution for forming a coating layer 3.
Calcium stearate (10 parts by weight) is added to toluene (90 parts by weight), and the mixture is stirred at 80° C. for 20 minutes for dissolution, thereby preparing the solution for forming a coating layer 3.
A coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is formed on the surface of a silica particle (hydrophobic fumed silica, product name: RX50, manufactured by Aerosil) as described below. Meanwhile, when the coating layer is formed, an apparatus equipped with a carbon dioxide cylinder, a carbon dioxide pump, an entrainer pump, a stirrer-attached autoclave (volume of 500 ml) and a pressure valve is used.
First, the powder of hydrophilic fumed silica particles (20 parts by weight) having a volume average particle diameter of 40 nm is added into the stirrer-attached autoclave (volume of 500 ml).
A fatty acid metal salt particle having the coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is obtained in the above manner.
A fatty acid metal salt particle is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the silica particle, which is applied as the core material particle, is changed to titanium oxide particle (product name: MT 150, manufactured by TAYCA, volume average particle diameter: 20 nm) according to Table 1.
Methanol (200 parts) and 10% ammonia water (33 parts) are added to a 1.5 L glass reaction container equipped with a stirrer, a dripping nozzle and a thermometer, and mixed, thereby obtaining an alkali catalyst solution. After the alkali catalyst solution is adjusted to 30° C., while the solution is stirred, the flow rate is adjusted so that the amount of NH3 becomes 0.27 mol with respect to 1 mol of the total supply amount of tetraalkoxysilane supplied per 1 minute, and tetramethoxysilane (100 parts) and 3.8% ammonia water (79 parts) begin to be added at the same time. In addition, the solution is added dropwise over 60 minutes, thereby obtaining a hydrophilic silica particle dispersion (the concentration of the solid content: 9.5% by weight) having a volume average particle diameter of 120 nm and an irregular shape with a circularity of 0.82. Meanwhile, the supply amount of tetraalkoxysilane is set to 0.0018 mol/(mol·min) with respect to the mole number of the alcohol in the alkali catalyst solution.
After that, the obtained silica particle dispersion is condensed to a concentration of the solid content of 40% by weight using a rotary filter R-fine (manufactured by Kotobuki Industries Co., Ltd.). The condensed silica particle dispersion is used as a silica particle dispersion A.
As described below, in conjunction with the solvent-removing process of the silica particle dispersion, a coating layer including a fatty acid metal salt is formed with respect to the silica particle (sol-gel silica particle). Meanwhile, an apparatus equipped with a carbon dioxide cylinder, a carbon dioxide pump, an entrainer pump, a stirrer-attached autoclave (volume of 500 ml) and a pressure valve is used to form the coating layer.
First, the silica particle dispersion A (300 parts) is added into a stirrer-attached autoclave (volume of 500 ml), and the stirrer is rotated at 100 rpm. After that, liquidified carbon dioxide is added into the autoclave, the pressure is increased using the carbon dioxide pump while increasing the temperature using a heater, and the inside of the autoclave is set to a supercritical state of 150° C. and 15 MPa. The supercritical carbon dioxide is communicated using the carbon dioxide pump while holding the inside of the autoclave at 15 MPa using the pressure valve, thereby removing methanol and water from the silica particle dispersion A.
Next, when the communication amount (integrated amount: measured as a communication amount of carbon dioxide in a standard state) of the communicated supercritical carbon dioxide reaches 500 parts, the communication of the supercritical carbon dioxide is stopped.
A fatty acid metal salt particle is obtained in the above manner.
A fatty acid metal salt particle is obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the solution for forming a coating layer is changed from the solution for forming a coating layer 1 to the solution for forming a coating layer 2 according to Table 1.
A fatty acid metal salt particle is obtained in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the solution for forming a coating layer is changed from the solution for forming a coating layer 1 to the solution for forming a coating layer 3 according to Table 1.
A hydrophilic silica particle dispersion (the concentration of the solid content: 9.5% by weight) having a volume average particle diameter of 100 nm and a spherical shape with a circularity of 0.93 is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the 10% ammonia water, which is used to prepare the alkali catalyst solution, is set to 45 parts. The hydrophilic silica particle dispersion is condensed to a concentration of the solid content of 40% by weight in the same manner as in Example 1, thereby preparing a silica particle dispersion B. The solvent of the silica particle dispersion B is removed in the same manner as in Example 1, a hydrophobizing treatment is carried out using hexamethyldisilazane, and then, furthermore, a coating layer is formed using the solution for forming a coating layer 1 (90 parts by weight) in the same manner as in Example 1, thereby obtaining a fatty acid metal salt particle.
A fatty acid metal salt particle is obtained in the same manner as in Example 5 except that the solution for forming a coating layer is changed from the solution for forming a coating layer 1 (90 parts by weight) to the solution for forming a coating layer 2 (100 parts by weight).
The fumed silica particle (100 parts by weight) of Example 1 is dispersed in methanol (2000 parts by weight), zinc stearate (40 parts by weight) is dissolved in the solution, then, the solution is well mixed, the pressure is decreased while heating the solution, and the solution is dried.
After that, the obtained dried substance is crushed, and a silica particle having a fatty acid metal salt attached to the surface thereof is obtained.
A fatty acid metal salt particle having no layer structure (product name: ZNS, manufactured by ADEKA Corporation, volume average particle diameter: 10 μm) is prepared.
The characteristics of the particle (the fatty acid metal salt particle, the silica particle to which a fatty acid metal salt is attached or pure fatty acid metal salt particle) obtained from the respective examples are confirmed with respect to the following aspects. The confirmed contents are as follows. The results are described in Table 2.
The flaking amount of the coating layer is measured in the following manner.
First, the fatty acid metal salt particle (5 g), water (100 ml) and an appropriate amount of a surfactant are put into a beaker, and the fatty acid metal salt particle and the water are well mixed. The beaker is put into a constant temperature at 40° C., the probe of an ultrasonic homogenizer US-300TCVP-3 is put into the water inside the beaker, and the probe is shaken for 5 minutes at an ultrasonic wave intensity of 200 mV. After the shaking, solid and liquid are separated using a centrifugal separator, and the supernatant solution is collected. The centrifugally separated solid content is filtered using filter paper, whose weight has been measured, and dried, and the weight of the dried solid content is measured.
The flaking amount of the coating layer is calculated in the following manner.
Meanwhile, a small flaking amount is preferable, specifically, the allowable range is less than 20%, and the flaking amount is more preferably less than 10%.
The coverage and coating amounts of the coating layers of particles obtained from the respective examples are obtained using the method described above.
The volume average particle diameters and volume average particle size distributions of the particles obtained from the respective examples are obtained using the method described above.
First, the particles (3 parts by weight) obtained from each of the examples are mixed with the spherical particles of a styrene/butyl acrylate (85/15) copolymer resin (molecular weight Mw: 60,000, glass transition temperature: 60° C.) (100 parts by weight) having a volume average particle diameter of 8 μm for 60 seconds using a sample mill, thereby manufacturing complex particles to which the particles obtained from each of the examples and the resin particles are attached.
In addition, the complex particles (3 parts by weight) and ferrite carrier (30 parts by weight) having a volume average particle diameter of 50 μm are mixed for 120 seconds using a tubular mixer, thereby obtaining a particle mixture.
The loose apparent specific gravity and the compact apparent specific gravity of the complex particles are measured using a powder tester (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Group), the compaction ratio is obtained from the ratio between the loose apparent specific gravity and the compact apparent specific gravity using the following formula, and the fluidity of the particles is evaluated using the calculated compaction ratio.
Meanwhile, the "loose apparent specific gravity" is a measured value derived by packing a specimen cup having a volume of 100 cm3 with the complex particles and weighing the complex particles, and refers to the packing specific gravity in a state in which the complex particles are naturally dropped in the specimen cup. The "compact apparent specific gravity" refers to an apparent specific gravity in a state in which the complex particles are rearranged by de-aerating the specimen cup in the state of the loose apparent specific gravity through tapping, and are thus more densely packed.
Meanwhile, a small compaction ratio is preferable since the fluidity is high, the allowable range is less than 0.45, the compaction ratio is more preferably 0.3 to less than 0.45, and still more preferably less than 0.3.
The compaction ratios are calculated in the above manner for the particle mixture before and after allowing the particle mixture to stand for 18 hours in an environment of 32° C. and 85% RH, the compaction ratios are compared so as to compare the fluidities, and the maintainability of the fluidity is evaluated.
The particle mixture manufactured above is allowed to stand for 18 hours in an environment of 28° C. and 85% RH, and the blow-off electric charge amounts of the particle mixture before and after the standing are measured. In addition, the electric charge amounts are compared using the following formula, thereby calculating the maintainability of the charging property.
The maintainability of the charging property may be allowed as long as the absolute value of the electric charge amount after the standing is from 15 μC/g to 40 μC/g, and the maintainability of the charging property is 0.6 or more. The maintainability is from more preferably from 0.6 to less than 0.7, still more preferably from 0.7 to less than 0.8, and most preferably 0.8 or more.
The heat storing property (blocking resistance) is evaluated by allowing the particle mixture manufactured above to stand in an environment of 40° C. and 90% RH for 18 hours, and carrying out the following measurement on the particle mixture before and after the standing. Specifically, a powder tester (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron Group) is used, meshes with apertures of 53 μm, 45 μm and 38 μm are arrayed in series from the top, the particle mixture (exactly weighed to 2 g) is injected onto the mesh with an aperture of 53 μm, the powder tester is shaken for 90 seconds within an amplitude of 1 mm, the weights of the particle mixture remaining on the respective meshes after the shaking are measured, and the heat storing property is obtained using the following formula and evaluated.
It is needless to say that small heat storage is preferable, but there is no problem as long as the heat storage is 20% or less.
It is found from the above results that, in the fatty acid metal salt particle of the examples, the flaking of the coating layer is suppressed compared to in the fatty acid metal salt particle of the comparative examples. In addition, it is found that, in the fatty acid metal salt particle of the examples, the fluidity is maintained, a change in the electric charge amount is suppressed, and a heat storing property is obtained even after the standing, compared to the particles of the comparative examples.


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This institute draws on the many talents of Salem State College faculty, museum professionals, and nationally-known guest scholars.
The institute director is Patricia Johnston, Professor of Art History at Salem State College. Dr. Johnston is a nationally recognized scholar of American art and its wider visual culture. For the past several years her research has focused on art and material culture in Salem. In 2004 and 2005 she was the co-director of the NEH Landmarks project, Becoming American: Trade, Culture, and Reform in Salem, Massachusetts, 1801-1861, in 2006 she directed the NEH Summer Institute The Visual Culture of Colonial New England, and in 2009, the inaugural version of Picturing Early America: People, Places, and Events 1770-1870. Her latest book, Seeing High and Low: Representing Social Change in American Visual Culture (2006) examines how ideas of high and low art evolved from the late eighteenth to the twentieth century. Her book Real Fantasies: Edward Steichen's Advertising Photography (2000) won three book awards for its examination of the relationship between fine art and commercial photography.
Ellen G. Miles, Curator and Chair, Department of Painting and Sculpture, National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution, is a preeminent scholar of American portraiture. Her many publications include Gilbert Stuart (2004); George Washington: A National Treasure (2002); and Saint-Mémin and the Neoclassical Profile Portrait in America (1994). Dr. Miles recently appeared in the Smithsonian Networks documentary, Picturing the President: George Washington.
Alan Wallach, Professor of Art History and American Studies at The College of William and Mary, received the 2006 College Art Association's Distinguished Teaching Award and was cited for his innovative methodological approach. Most recently, Dr. Wallach served as the Robert Sterling Clark Distinguished Professor of Art History at Williams College's Clark Institute. His books include Exhibiting Contradiction: Essays on the Art Museum in the United States (1998) and Thomas Cole: Landscape into History (1994). He co-authored First Look: The Essential Guide to the Jersey City Museum (2007), which addressed his interest in making art both educational and accessible.
Janice Simon, Professor of Art History, University of Georgia, has written extensively on American landscape aesthetics and the reproduction of landscapes in American periodicals. Dr. Simon has curated numerous exhibitions and is currently working on a special issue of American Periodicals focusing on visual culture, as well as a new book, The Forest Interior in American Art and Culture 1825-1945.
Melissa Dabakis is Professor of Art History and American Studies at Kenyon College and the author of Visualizing Labor in American Sculpture (1999). She has recently completed a new book, The American Corinnes: Women Sculptors and the Eternal City, 1850-1876.
Lucretia Giese (Ph.D., Harvard University) is Professor Emerita, Rhode Island School of Design, and a former Museum of Fine Arts, Boston curator. Dr. Giese is one of the foremost experts on the work of Winslow Homer and the author of numerous articles on the subject.
Maureen Creegan-Quinquis was selected as the Massachusetts Art Education Association's Higher Education Art Educator of the Year in 2008. She teaches in the Creative Arts and Learning Division at Lesley University where she serves as Program Coordinator of the Visual Arts Education Licensure programs and Field Placement Coordinator in the Graduate School of Education. Maureen previously served as the Coordinator of the Master of Arts in Teaching Art Program at Salem State College. She is also a practicing artist.
Emily A. Murphy (Ph.D., Boston University) is the Historian at Salem Maritime National Historic Site and has written and lectured extensively on Salem's history.
Peabody Essex Museum staff will play a significant role in this project. Dean Lahikainen is the Carolyn and Peter Lynch Curator of American Decorative Arts and the author of numerous articles and exhibition catalogues, including In the American Spirit: Folk Art from the Collections (1994) and most recently Samuel McIntire, Carving an American Style (2007).
Sam Scott, Associate Curator of the Russell W. Knight Department of the Maritime Art and History, has organized a number of maritime exhibits at PEM, most recently, Sketched at Sea.
Georgia Barnhill is the Andrew W. Mellon Curator of Graphic Arts at the American Antiquarian Society. She has lectured and written extensively on American prints. Ms. Barnhill's many publications include Early American Lithography: Images to 1830 (1997), Cultivation of Artists in America (1997) and Wild Impressions: The Adirondacks on Paper (1995).
A past participant in the NEH Institute "Picturing Early America," our Master Teacher, Steve Schmidt, is well aware of both the challenges and joys of incorporating visual material into the K-12 curriculum. Steve teaches Advanced Placement United States History at Lowell High School in San Francisco where he was voted the 2008-2009 "Teacher of the Year." Lowell High School, the oldest public high school west of the Mississippi River, is one of the top public schools in California. The College Board, for whom Steve has scored AP U.S. History essays, ranks Lowell's AP program as second in the nation. From 2002 to 2006, Steve was assistant director of the Junior State Foundation Summer program at Princeton and Yale and currently serves as a mentor teacher for the San Francisco Unified School District. Steve has also served as Lowell's Student Activities Director for the past seven years, overseeing student government, schoo	l dances, rallies, over 80 clubs, and trying to make this high-performing, high-stress school a little more fun for the students. Steve brings to Salem a wealth of enthusiasm, a toolbox of creative pedagogy, a passion for US history, and his vast experience directing student-centered activities.
Jessica Lanier, PhD Candidate, Bard Graduate Center for the Decorative Arts, and Professor of Art History at Salem State University, is a scholar in the area of aesthetics, gender, and trade during the Early Republic. Her many publications include "The Chinese Presence in Early American Visual Culture" (Art in America: 300 Years of Innovation, 2007), and The Grand Tour of Martha Coffin Derby: "It is impossible to Travel without Improvement" (Women's Art Journal, 2007).
Other pedagogical sessions will be led by SSC faculty. Brad Austin, Lucinda Damon-Bach, Elizabeth Duclos-Orsello, and J. D. Scrimgeour have extensive experience working with school teachers through the Teaching American History project (DOE) and supervising student teachers.
Web Bibliography
Salem Resources
Salem Landmarks NEH Workshop (2005)
Colonial New England NEH Institute (2006)
Contact: pjohnston@salemstate.edu

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Apr. 29, 2018 8:30 p.m.
Charges are pending against the driver of a commercial vehicle after a 35 year-old man from Alberta was struck and killed 90 km north of Revelstoke on Hwy. 23.
The Revelstoke RCMP received word of the incident around 3 p.m. on April 28.
According to a media release the man was standing alongside his pickup truck and camper when he was hit by a flat deck truck.
The British Columbia Ambulance Service (BCAS) dispatched a helicopter to the scene; however the man was pronouced dead as BCAS arrived.
RCMP, the Trans-Canada East Traffic Services and a traffic analyst are investigating.


Cellular plastic has been used as insulation for more than fifty years and has long been the first choice of the construction industry. The insulation produced then function just as well today. If you insulate with BEWi products, not only will you be able to enjoy a warm and dry climate, but your grandchildren and their children will as well. The material's many advantages makes cellular plastic the insulation material of today and tomorrow. BEWi's cellular plastic can be used for anything from getting your jetty to float, draining your basement wall, molding a foundation, insulating a roof, and many more applications.
Cellular plastic is highly resistant to humidity.
BEWi's cellular plastic does not contain any nutrients that may result in the growth of bacteria or microorganisms.
Our cellular plastic is a material that simultaneously insulates against cold and protects against wind.
The cellular plastic boards are lightweight, safe, and easy to handle. They can be simply cut to size to fit any application.
The material's cell structure gives our cellular plastic much higher compressive strength than competitive products such as mineral wool. The material is so stable that it can be used to build highways and bridges.
Cellular plastic is safe to work with. It does not give off fibres or harmful substances. The material does not contain any artificial colouring or other chemical additives.
Cellular plastic is superior material floor insulation. This applies especially to sub-floors, which are easily exposed to moisture.
Loose beads are suitable for weight reduction and insulation of concrete products, furniture stuffing, packing material and additional insulation.
There are many advantages to using cellular plastic as roof insulation. Apart from the superior insulating qualities, cellular plastic is very easily to handle.
In today's homes we use our basement differently than we used to. It is often used as a living space and in these cases there are higher requirements for heat insulation and comfort.
BEWi's baseboards are used for insulation of plates on ground, foundations and ground beams. Selecting BEWi cellular plastic for your house foundation will give you many benefits.
Cellular plastic reduces sagging and is very well suited as light filling in roads. Highways or smaller roads can all be more stable with the help of cellular plastic.
Cellular plastic can be used for insulation of a house from foundation to roof, as frost insulation, moulded in a plate on the ground etc.


Welcome to A Year Ago Today. A year ago today I published a post that weighed pretty heavy on me. For some reason it had to be put down in text. I am glad that I was able to express my feelings, and I was surprised by how many people privately responded to the post.
Drive Into Your Personal Storm occurred during a period of self reflection, and it tied easily to my brief disappointment in the way drivers in our area were handling a snow storm we'd had.
At the time this article was originally published, I had only a few posts on A Mom's Handbook. Now a year later, I have published many more posts, been featured on other blogs, made great new blog author friends, joined a network for the fun of it, challenged myself with goals; some met others not quite yet, and learned a great deal about what you don't do with a blog.
During this past year we have also had children learn to read. We have learned more about the kiddos learning styles and how to better encourage them. We have read many new books, and had hundreds of questions asked and explored.
This year has brought a bit of stability to the big changes that we made in our diet. We have gotten better at expanding our diet, making alterations to existing recipes, and being less afraid to fail in our day to day cooking experiments.
I have also re-started school since I published Drive Into Your Personal Storm. We had added new sports, arts, and interests to keep the kids busy and get them involved. Amazing what happens in a year. Sometimes it takes sitting down and really thinking about it before you appreciate the challenges and accomplishes you have met.
This next year holds several new adventures, some that I know I will have no control over, and some that I hope to guide myself and our children through. I hope that when we look back a year from now, we will be proud of some accomplishments, glad for lessons learned, and hopeful for many more new experiences to come; just as we are this year.
Best of luck to you in your next year. Don't forget to reflect on last year and look for all those good things, not just the difficult!
Next → Next post: Garble is Right!


We got to Northeast Harbor around 2:00 in the afternoon instead of 10:00 in the morning. We didn't have a specific plan, so it's hard to say what we changed given the morning's fun, but we chose to paddle around the headland and up into Somes Sound. We made it about halfway up the sound at a pretty casual pace (helped along by the breeze). The sound, like Bar Harbor, was apparently prime lobster area and was littered with lobster buoys. It was on the trip north that we came upon the two treasures of the paddle – a couple authentic lobster bouys that had broken loose and become lodged in the rocks.
We were keeping an eye on the time, and a bit before 5:30 turned around to head back. We crossed to the West side of the sound, in part for variety and in part because we thought it might help us avoid the headwind. I'm not sure it really accomplished anything with regard to the wind. I was running strava, but my GPS apparently skipped out at the end (in the picture where we appear to have paddled over land), so best I can tell our actual loop was around 11 – 11.5 miles.
Our first wildlife sighting was just as we were rounding the headland back to the harbor when a few seals popped up. One caught me by surprise cruising along side me for a few seconds before getting startled and disappearing back into the ocean. The second sighting was a bit further into the harbor when an osprey, that had an apparently successful hunt, flew over carrying a fish back to its nest.
We had originally checked out of the Hotel that morning, but extended our stay for a night (different room) rather than having to either head off the island or find a campsite in the evening. Given the events of the day, our late start and late return, having the hotel for one more night was nice.
Tagged acadia, kayaking, maine, national parks, somes sound, travel. Bookmark the permalink.


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China set to overtake US as world's biggest goods trader
Discussion in 'China & Asia Pacific' started by layman, Jan 4, 2014.
layman Aurignacian STAR MEMBER
BEIJING, Jan. 4 (Xinhuanet) -- The value of trade in China's goods in 2013 is set to exceed that of the United States, making the world's second-largest economy the world's top trader for the first time, certainly in modern times.
"Judging from the current statistics, there is a very high possibility that the value of China's goods trade will have exceeded the US in 2013," said Wang Haifeng, a researcher with the Institute for International Economic Research at the National Development and Reform Commission.
Jia Huaiqin, deputy president of the Statistical Society for Foreign Economic Relations and Trade of China, echoed the view that China's overall goods trade value did overtake the US in 2013 unless there was a late and big fluctuation, China Business News reported.
Commerce Ministry spokesman Shen Danyang said in late September that thanks to a recovery in the global economy and reform in China, 2013 was likely to see the nation replace the US as the world's largest trader.
In 2009, China became the world's largest exporter and second-largest importer.
In the January-November period, the value of China's goods trade reached $3.77 trillion, according to the General Administration of Customs.
The country's whole-year goods trade will reach $4.14 trillion, even if the goods trade of December 2013 equaled the $370 billion seen in December 2012 and grows zero percent. But December usually witnesses robust growth in China's exports and imports. The December year-on-year trade growth registered 32.7 percent in 2009, 21.4 percent in 2010, 12.6 percent in 2011 and 10.2 percent in 2012.
In the January-October period, the US goods trade registered $3.26 trillion, according to data from the US Bureau of Census. For the US to outnumber China's goods trade value in 2013 at the estimated minimum $4.14 trillion, the world's largest economy will have had to accumulate a trade value of $880 billion in November and December of 2013, which would be a 37.5 percent jump compared with the $640 billion goods trade value it acquired in the last two months of 2012. The value of the US goods trade did not experience growth above 15 percent in November or December in recent years.
China is scheduled to announce the 2013 whole-year trade figure next week. The US Department of Commerce will publish its figure in February.
The World Trade Organization said in April 2013 that the value of trade in Chinese goods stood at $3.867 trillion in 2012, second only to the US by just $15 billion, equivalent to about a day-and-a-half of the average daily trade value of China in 2012.
"The size of the value of the trade in goods tells just one side of the story. The other side is that China's export competitiveness, as well as the competitiveness of its trade structure, is far behind the US. The competitive advantage of US exports centers on its technology, quality and brands, with added-value being very significant. China's export prices are much cheaper on average and a large part of its exports are from OEMs (original equipment manufacturers)," Wang said.
"China is catching up in the trade in global goods, but the US still holds the lead," he added.
Although the value of China's goods trade is likely to overtake the US, its trade in services remains less developed.
In 2012, China's trade in services reached $470.58 billion, accounting for about 12 percent of the value of its goods trade. In contrast, the US trade in services registered $1.07 trillion, about 27.5 percent of the value of its goods trade.
layman, Jan 4, 2014
Dsmahanta 2nd Lieutant FULL MEMBER
Good Luck China....
Dsmahanta, Jan 4, 2014
China to overtake India as world's biggest supplier of cheap IT talent in 5 years: Vi
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India set to overtake UK's defence spend by 2017
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2% of China's public consumes one-third of world's luxury goods
layman, Oct 15, 2013, in forum: China & Asia Pacific
Manmohan Yadav
Iraq, Vietnam set to overtake China in arms purchases from Russia
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Himanshu Pandey
UK economy will overtake France to become second biggest economy in Europe next year, IMF predicts
HMS Astute, Oct 11, 2014, in forum: The Americas


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How To Make A Black Tie Drink Inspired By 'The Big Short'
By Ashley Kappel and Ashley Kappel
Oscars Best Picture Nominee "The Big Short" will drive you to drink for any number of reasons: Star-studded cast, the fall of the big banks, and the intoxicating bar scenes throughout the movie.
Want to drink like the big boys in this film do?
The Vodka Soda (apparently a hedge fund banker's favorite) inspired this sip-worthy cocktail, so if you're a classic drink kind of guy (or gal), this will be right up your alley.
The Corporation, as it's called, pairs well with general rebellion and bar snacks. Serve one at your Red Carpet party this year.


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Mnuchin optimistic on trade battles; Wall Street approves
WASHINGTON (AP) — The U.S. is making progress in talks with Canada and Mexico over the lifting of steel tariffs, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said Wednesday. Mnuchin also said he expects to soon travel to Beijing with U.S. Trade Representative Robert Lighthizer to resume negotiations on the trade dispute between the U.S. and China. The optimistic comments contributed to gains in the stock market.
China voices strength, pushes nationalism around trade war
BEIJING (AP) — China's ruling Communist Party is taking a newly aggressive approach to controlling the narrative in its trade dispute with the U.S. The harder line comes after days of muted official responses to President Donald Trump's decision to hike tariffs on $200 billion worth of Chinese imports. Escalating the antagonism, China retaliated Monday with higher tariffs on $60 billion worth of American goods, raising duties of 5% to 25%.
Trump issues order that appears to target China's Huawei
WASHINGTON (AP) — President Donald Trump is issuing an executive order to protect the United States against foreign adversaries that are taking advantage of technological vulnerabilities to threaten U.S. communications systems. The order announced Wednesday by the White House does not name specific countries or companies, but the U.S. has been trying to prevent the use of equipment from the Chinese tech company Huawei. Trump has barred the government from using equipment from Huawei and China's ZTE Corp.
World leaders, tech execs pledge to curb online violence
PARIS (AP) — Facebook, Google, Twitter and other tech companies have joined a dozen countries in a global pledge to step up efforts to keep internet platforms from being used to spread hate, organize extremist groups and broadcast attacks. World leaders led by French President Emmanuel Macron and tech executives have gathered in Paris to compile a set of guidelines dubbed the "Christchurch Call," named after the New Zealand city where 51 people were killed in a March attack on mosques.
Officials: PG&E equipment sparked deadly California wildfire
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — California fire authorities say Pacific Gas & Electric Co. power lines sparked the deadliest and most destructive wildfire in state history. Cal Fire said Wednesday the lines in the Pulga area ignited the Nov. 8 fire that killed 85 people in Paradise. The investigation also identified a second nearby ignition site involving vegetation and electrical distribution lines, also owned and operated by the San Francisco-based utility.
FAA chief defends handling of Boeing Max safety approval
WASHINGTON (AP) — The acting head of the Federal Aviation Administration says that Boeing should have done more to explain an automated flight-control system on its 737 Max aircraft before two deadly crashes, but he defended his agency's safety certification of the plane and its decision not to ground the jet until other regulators around the world had already done so. The FAA official, Daniel Elwell, says he expects Boeing to submit a fix to the plane's flight-control software "in the next week or so."
Help coming on blocking scam calls for robocall-plagued US
NEW YORK (AP) — U.S. regulators will vote next month on rules meant to thwart robocalls. The Federal Communications Commission is considering allowing wireless carriers to block spam calls by default. Right now, customers have to request tools or download apps to help them weed out unwanted calls. Many robocalls are not scam calls, though, but calls from debt collectors and telemarketers selling insurance, cruises and the like. It's not clear if carriers would automatically block those calls.
Retail sales in 2019 are a wild ride, slip 0.2% in April
WASHINGTON (AP) — U.S. retail sales slipped last month, as Americans cut back their spending on clothes, appliances, and building materials. The Commerce Department said Wednesday that sales dropped 0.2% in April. Economists are having a difficult time gauging the mood of consumers this year. Retail sales have been on a seesaw pattern, rising at a healthy pace in January, then falling in February, followed by the big jump in March and now a drop in April.
US stocks extend gains after recovering from early slide
NEW YORK (AP) — Stocks reversed an early slide on Wall Street and finished broadly higher Wednesday, giving the market its second straight gain. Big technology and communications companies, including Microsoft, Apple and Google parent Alphabet, led the rally. Banks took heavy losses following a sharp drop in bond yields. Markets got a boost from reports that the White House plans to delay new tariffs on car and auto parts imports from Europe by up to six months.
The S&P 500 index gained 16.55 points, or 0.6%, to 2,850.96. The Dow Jones Industrial Average rose 115.97 points, or 0.5%, to 25,648.02. The Nasdaq added 87.65 points, or 1.1%, to 7,822.15. The Russell 2000 index of smaller-company stocks picked up 5.21 points, or 0.3%, to 1,548.27.


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Who we are and why we were established?
Our founder had a mission, a mission that would eventually shape and redefine the culture of estate agency.
What are the Key principles we talk so highly of and why they matter so much?
Estate & Letting agents are amongst one of the only professions that everyone requires at some point in life, whether it is to sell, buy, let or rent a property. Yet, statistics suggest we are still the profession known as one of the most hated in the whole of England. We feel this completely unacceptable and it is about time this changed!
So how do we aim to change this?!
Because it is important to be honest about our fees and process!
Because our customers deserve a lot more for a lot less!
Because we understand buying, selling, renting and letting a home can be more stressful than it seems.
"RÜUT Homes has provided a great service to myself and my family in regard to selling my properties. I appreciate the help!"
"Excellent services from the beginning to end completion. All staff were extremely helpful and provided updates regularly. Further assuring the promised service"
Being able to provide an effective and efficient property service is definitely on the top of our agenda.
Our staff would promote your property through our social media pages as paid promotional adds. This usually enables us to reach an area specific target audience who would usually be from within a 5-mile radius of your property.
Our special sign boards have been designed to ensure maximum local exposure is obtained. We are very proud to have invested in sign boards that are produced with 100% reflective ink. making our boards clearly visible at all times, even at night.
We actively promote our brand through social blogs, adds in local magazines and leaflet distribution.
We begin with marketing your property online with the help of over 80 of our media partners that cover a range of different platforms.
Upon receiving your green light, we will take action in under 24 hours!
We promise to put your property in front of millions.
We have helped 100's of customers!
Let us guide you through how we can help.
Saving our customers around 80% on fees compared to high street estate agents.
We save on average on 80% compared to other estate agents on fees!
Keep in contact with RÜUT Home's property newsletter. We showcase latest properties we have to sell or let.
Thanks - We'll keep you in the loop!


Hilton Head Island, SC — Professional Tennis Registry (PTR) has created three basic certifications to fit the needs of tennis teaching professionals worldwide. Beginning in 2011, PTR's education and certification pathway will be geared toward three distinct areas: Junior Development, Adult Development and Performance. In addition, PTR has a Master of Tennis Program in these three areas for teaching professionals who want to further their education.


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Home › Gordie Lagore
Gordie Lagore
Lead Pastor and Spiritual Director
If the Vineyard movement was a place for "dried out Baptists and burned-out Pentecostals," the latter was certainly true for Gordie who grew up in a bi-vocational Pentecostal church planter's home in Alberta. After he experienced a call to preach through a significant God encounter as a teenager, he attended Melodyland School of Theology in Anaheim, California for a season. He returned to northern Alberta where he met and married his life partner, Kathleen Ross, a school teacher who was teaching on a Metis colony and involved in the Catholic Charismatic movement.
Sensing a call from God to begin all over again in East Vancouver, the Lagores moved back to Canada from England in 1991. Within a few months, they had connected with the newly planted Vancouver Vineyard, led by Joe and Charmain Kelder, who provided such a generous and gracious welcome. After five years, the Kelders commissioned the Lagores to be lead pastors of the renamed, Vancouver Eastside Vineyard (VEV).
During their 25 years as lead pastors with countless God stories of beauty amidst brokenness, the Lagores also served on the BC Regional Team for 16 years, including a season as Regional Team leaders, two years on the National Leadership Transition Team, followed by four years on the Vineyard Canada National Team.
The Lagores are currently working with their amazing leadership team on a process of transitioning from lead pastors over the next five years to "resident elders," with a focus on spiritual direction, mentoring, and grandparenting, while continuing to host international homestays and tending to their relationship with Lower Post!
Vancouver Eastside Vineyard Church (Vancouver, BC)
Written by Gordie Lagore
Considering community and unity.Read more Read more...
Radical Discipleship: Mark 1:14-20
The good news is a call to liberation for the oppressed and the oppressors. It's a call to leave everything.Read more Read more...
Mission Resource
Cardus: a non-partisan, faith-based nonprofit that exists to promote a flourishing society
John Hall
Cardus is a think tank dedicated to research, public dialogue, and thought-provoking commentary.Read more Read more...
'Hard work never killed anyone,' and other dad lessons for missionary life
Anna McShane
Dad was a change agent. He lived through two world wars – too young to fight in one, too old for the other, but he knew change was inevitable.Read more Read more...
What is our purpose and how does that connect with mission?
What does purpose and mission as believers have in common?Read more Read more...
New Monasticism: An Old Idea in a New Form
Tim Dickau
New monasticism, "an old idea in a new form," is intentional discipleship that resists fragmentation and consumerism.Read more Read more...
Advance in Steveston: What's it got to take?
Greg Laing
A collaborative approach to church planting is bringing change to Steveston.Read more Read more...
Towards an Intercultural Ecclesiology
"The largest faith communities were not homogeneously Caucasian, but were Chinese, Korean or Filipino congregations."Read more Read more...
Lausanne Movement: connecting influencers and ideas for global mission
Learn about the Lausanne Movement's mission, and dive into the their extensive resources.Read more Read more...


Halifax, 29 June 2017– Optimism among Nova Scotia's small business owners remained constant in June; its Business Barometer Index of 63.5 kept close to last month's level. Short-term employment plans are relatively good, with 17 per cent looking to hire while 5 per cent planning to decrease full-time employment. About 48 per cent of business owners are reporting their firms are in good shape while 10 per cent say their firms are in bad shape.
Canadian small business optimism took a big tumble in June. CFIB's monthly Business Barometer Index dropped more than five points to land at 60.9 from May's 66.0 reading. The source of this big shift, however, is almost entirely localized to the 10-point drop in Ontario's index; business sentiment in every other province stayed close to their previous month's levels.
Index levels often vary for purely statistical reasons, but downdraft in Ontario appears likely to be policy based—sweeping labour standards legislation announced in late May which appears to be adding considerable uncertainty over future operating conditions there. Ontario's index is now at 58.0, the third-lowest in the country after Saskatchewan (51.8) and Newfoundland & Labrador (48.2)—both of which had seen slight improvements in June. Businesses in British Columbia are still the country's most optimistic, posting an index of 69.5, while those in Prince Edward Island and Manitoba are close behind at 67.5 and 67.1 respectively. Sentiment in Quebec had a small gain to a respectable 65.8, while Nova Scotia and New Brunswick indexes converged to the mid-63s. Alberta's index held steady at 61.7 in June, after posting six-consecutive gains in previous surveys.


Summer is here and while the weather may not be playing fair, that hasn't stopped us putting on another packed calendar of events for you at The Centurion.
Arthur's weekly bingo session continues throughout July and it's getting busier every week! Proving to be an unstoppable bingo maestro, Arthur hosts two hours of bingo every Monday in The Centurion. So if you fancy your chances then don't forget to pop along.
For all you music buffs out there, here's your chance to put all that great knowledge to the test with Albert's Music Quiz. There are always prizes galore and plenty of fun to be had as you try to navigate your way around the decades of music that Albert produces.
So after all of that, we're sure there's something for everybody in July and don't forget that Tony's General Knowledge Quiz is on EVERY Sunday at 8pm!!
We look forward to seeing you all very soon and if you have any questions or queries please feel free to email us on simone@centurionpub.co.uk and we will be happy to help.


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Utah Jewish Genealogical Society (UJGS) January 2023 Meeting
Todd Knowles will speak to us on Jews of the Caribbean
W. Todd Knowles is a deputy chief genealogical officer at FamilySearch, where he has worked for 22 years. His own journey in family history began by searching for his great-grandfather, a Polish Jew. From those early beginnings, the Knowles Collection was created. This collection now houses the genealogical records of 1.5 million Jews.
Jan 16, 2023 07:00 PM in Mountain Time (US and Canada)
Hi there, You are invited to a Zoom meeting. When: Jan 16, 2023 07:00 PM Mountain Time (US and Canada) Register in advance for this meeting: https://ancestry.zoom.us/meeting/register/tJ0kcO2grDMiHdYkNizKnkn9Kg_mSspZWkik After registering, you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining the meeting.


Maize is without doubt one of the most vital and largely grown cereal vegetation on this planet and is a staple nutrients for nearly 1000000000 humans, really within the constructing international. it's been anticipated that maize yields have to raise by way of 60% via 2050. there's an pressing have to bring up yields within the face of such demanding situations as weather swap, threats from pests and illnesses and the necessity to make cultivation extra resource-efficient and sustainable.
Drawing on a global diversity of craftsmanship, this assortment specializes in methods of bettering the cultivation of maize at each one step within the worth chain, from breeding to post-harvest garage. quantity 1 studies examine on breeding and its use in enhancing dietary caliber and agronomic functionality. It then is going directly to talk about the demanding situations in translating those advances into powerful results for smallholders within the constructing world.
Achieving sustainable cultivation of maize quantity 1: From enhanced kinds to neighborhood purposes might be a customary reference for cereal scientists in universities, executive and different learn centres and corporations concerned with maize cultivation. it truly is followed via quantity 2 which experiences advancements in cultivation concepts in addition to the administration of pests and diseases.
The Beak Trimming guide for Egg manufacturers is a simple, sensible consultant to beak trimming of egg-laying hens to minimise cannibalism. It offers finished info on why birds peck and the way pecking can result in difficulties like cannibalism; the equipment to be had to beak trim birds; why a selected technique can be selected; and at what age birds should be trimmed.
The necessity to feed an ever-growing international inhabitants mixed with expanding call for for sustainable agricultural practices has generated an important upward thrust famous for biopesticides. via responding simultaneously to the pursuits of farming, forestry, and business sectors, biopesticides supply a substantial capability for usage in sustainable agriculture.
Demonstrating that humanity faces an coming near near and lengthy international foodstuff trouble, Michael Brownlee concerns a clarion name and manifesto for a innovative circulate to localize the worldwide meals offer. He lays out a realistic advisor when you desire to navigate the difficult technique of shaping the neighborhood or nearby foodstuff approach, offering a roadmap for embarking at the means of righting the profoundly unsustainable and already-failing worldwide industrialized nutrition procedure.
Clinical research from the 12 months 2016 within the topic Agrarian reviews, Mar Augusthinose university (Mar Augusthinose College), path: Biotechnology, language: English, summary: city and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) supply an important function in making sure city meals safety, source of revenue new release and livelihood recommendations and helps Millennium improvement ambitions (MDGs).


In 2009, EleSy company was assigned as General Contractor and chief developer of the automated system of methane and coal deposit.
In 2010, 2011, 2012, EleSy continued to expand the system because of development of new wells.
to organize a distributed system of supervisory control.
The solution was based on telemechanics ELSY-TM PLC and SCADA Infinity, and solves problems of collecting data from all field facilitates ranging from wells to gas treatment center, flare stack, and shipment station. Numerous specialized equipment used in the gas production industry has been linked under this project.
A workstation was created in Kemerovo city (in the administration of OOO Gazprom dobicha Kuznetsk) when developing the automated process of the Nariksko Ostashkino deposit. The workstation is aimed to monitor the gas production process and gas preparation for transportation.
The field of methane production from coal layers was commissioned for the first time in February, 2010 in Kuzbass. Dmitry Medvedev, the Russian President, put the deposit into operation. More than 1,000 deposits will be commissioned in the near future.


Aleksandar Hemon (born September 9, 1964) is a Bosnian-American fiction writer, essayist, and critic. His best known novels are Nowhere Man (2002) and The Lazarus Project (2008).
He frequently publishes in The New Yorker, and has also written for Esquire, The Paris Review, the Op-Ed page of The New York Times, and the Sarajevo magazine BH Dani.
Hemon was born in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, then Yugoslavia, to a father of partial Ukrainian descent and a Bosnian Serb mother. Hemon's great-grandfather, Teodor Hemon, came to Bosnia from Western Ukraine prior to World War I, when both countries were a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Hemon graduated from the University of Sarajevo and was a published writer in former Yugoslavia by the time he was 26.
Since 1992 he has lived in the United States, where he found himself as a tourist and became stranded at the outbreak of the war in Bosnia. In the U.S. he worked as a Greenpeace canvasser, sandwich assembly-line worker, bike messenger, graduate student in English literature, bookstore salesperson, and ESL teacher.
He is the winner of a MacArthur Foundation grant.
He published his first story in English, "The Life and Work of Alphonse Kauders" in Triquarterly in 1995, followed by "The Sorge Spy Ring," also in Triquarterly in 1996 and "Islands" in Ploughshares in 1998, and eventually "Blind Jozef Pronek" in The New Yorker in 1999. His work also eventually appeared in Esquire, The Paris Review, Best American Short Stories, and elsewhere. Hemon also has a bi-weekly column, written and published in Bosnian, called "Hemonwood" in the Sarajevo-based magazine, BH Dani (BH Days).
Hemon is currently a professor of creative writing at Princeton University, where he lives with his second wife, Teri Boyd, and their daughters Ella and Esther. The couple's second child, 1-year-old daughter Isabel, died of complications associated with a brain tumor in November 2010. Hemon published an essay, "The Aquarium," about Isabel's death in the June 13/20, 2011 issue of The New Yorker.
In 2000 Hemon published his first book, The Question of Bruno, which included short stories and a novella, to overwhelmingly positive reviews.
His second book, Nowhere Man, followed in 2002. Variously referred to as a novel and as a collection of linked stories, Nowhere Man concerns Jozef Pronek, a character who earlier appeared in one of the stories in The Question of Bruno. It was a finalist for the 2002 National Book Critics Circle Award.
In June 2006, "Exchange of Pleasant Words" and "A Coin" was published by Picador.
On 1 May 2008, Hemon released The Lazarus Project, inspired by the story of Lazarus Averbuch, which featured photographs by Hemon's childhood friend, photographer Velibor Božović. The novel was a finalist for the 2008 National Book Award, the 2008 National Book Critics Circle Award, and was named as a "New York Times Notable Book" and New York magazine's No. 1 Book of the Year.
In May 2009, Hemon released a collection of stories, Love and Obstacles, which were largely written at the same time as he wrote The Lazarus Project.
In 2011, Hemon was awarded PEN/W.G. Sebald Award chosen by the judges Jill Ciment, Salvatore Scibona, and Gary Shteyngart.
Hemon's first nonfiction book The Book of My Lives was released in 2013.
Hemon's novel The Making of Zombie Wars was released in 2015.
As an accomplished fiction writer who learned English as an adult, Hemon has some similarities to Joseph Conrad, which he acknowledges through allusion in The Question of Bruno, though he is most frequently compared to Vladimir Nabokov. All of his stories deal in some way with the Yugoslav wars, Bosnia, or Chicago, but they vary substantially in genre.
2012 United States Artists Fellow Award.
2012 National Magazine Award for Essay and Criticism, for "The Aquarium"
"Love and obstacles". The New Yorker. 81 (38). November 28, 2005. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
"The noble truths of suffering". The New Yorker. 84 (29). September 22, 2008. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
"A shining monument of loss". Granta. 103: 29–31. Autumn 2008. Archived from the original on December 26, 2010. Retrieved October 20, 2010.
"If God existed, He'd be a solid midfielder". Granta. 108. Autumn 2009.
2009 Love and Obstacles. Riverhead Books, ISBN 9781594488641.
2019 My Parents: An Introduction / This Does Not Belong to You, ISBN 9780374217433.
^ "Aleksandar Hemon u Leksikonu" (in Croatian). August 31, 2007. Archived from the original on December 17, 2009. Retrieved December 31, 2009.
^ "Aleksandar Hemon". Lewis Center for the Arts. Retrieved September 24, 2018.
^ "2008 National Book Awards Winners and Finalists, The National Book Foundation". Nationalbook.org. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
^ Gilbert, David (June 2, 2015). "'The Making of Zombie Wars,' by Aleksandar Hemon". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 10, 2016.
^ Kirsten Reach (January 14, 2014). "NBCC finalists announced". Melville House Publishing. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
^ "Announcing the National Book Critics Awards Finalists for Publishing Year 2013". National Book Critics Circle. January 14, 2014. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
^ "American Society of Magazine Editors – National Magazine Awards 2012 Finalists Announced". Magazine.org. April 3, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
^ Stacey Mickelbart (August 11, 2011). "The 2011 PEN Honorees in The New Yorker". The New Yorker. Retrieved August 11, 2012.
Hemon, Aleksander The Tenants: An Introduction – Hemon provided the Introduction to the 2003 reissue of Bernard Malamud's 1971 novel The Tenants.


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