This is Going to Piss Some of You Off » Best. Saxophone. Website. Ever.
UPDATE: I wanted to clarify something…in this article I refer to my friend "Jeff" only based on the sentiment his Facebook updates – this article is NOT about him. There were some harsh attacks on Jeff in the social media responses to this article, which I feel were unfair. I know for a fact that Jeff works very hard to promote his shows and definitely does not go about his business with a sense of entitlement. I used his comments as a springboard to the ideas covered in this article. I too have shared the sentiment in Jeff's FB posts in the past, and I know that many other musicians have as well, so it's definitely a relevant topic. I just don't want to give the wrong impression of my man "Jeff"'s overall attitude or work ethic, since a good number of my readers know who "Jeff" really is. That is all.
As most of you know, this website is built on how-to articles as well as product reviews. But with this article, I'm going to do something a little different and offer my personal opinion on a topic that affects just about all musicians looking to receive money in exchange for live performances.
This article was spawned by a series of Facebook status updates that a musician friend of mine (let's call him "Jeff" for now) has been posting over the past week. In this series of posts, Jeff complains about a request made by the promoter of a club where Jeff was booked to play. The club owner basically asked Jeff to promote the show to friends and fans in order to maximize turnout at the gig.
And this did not sit well with my buddy, Jeff. It was Jeff's position that it's up to the club to get people in the door. Now, I will say that Jeff ranks highly among the most talented musicians I've ever known. I also think that he would probably agree with a lot of what I'm sharing here. But his Facebook posts got me thinking about the division of labor between club owners and musicians when it comes to promotion, since I know that there are a lot of musicians who would respond very positively to the aforementioned Facebook posts.
But as someone who's both a musician and a business guy, I have a perspective that you may or may not agree with, but I'll throw it out there anyways.
Do you know why jazz A-listers like Pat Metheny, Herbie Hancock, and Chick Corea really play the world's biggest concert halls and jazz festivals?
No, it's not because they're some of the greatest musicians in jazz history.
It's because they sell tickets.
As brilliant as Sonny Rollins is, if his shows didn't generate many thousands of dollars each night, you can bet your Bb7+9 that he wouldn't be playing those top venues.
Simply put, Sonny Rollins is a safe bet for the competent club owner or concert promoter.
But what about the other 99.9999% of the music world, that massive pool of artists who don't have legendary status?
Of course, they deserve to be compensated generously for the value that they bring to the venue. But the venue needs to be compensated as well, otherwise, there is no venue, and one less place for musicians to actually earn money doing what they love.
Most full-time professional musicians are under a lot of pressure to keep themselves out of the red each month. But a club owner is also under a ton of pressure. They've got a lease constantly hanging over their head. They've got a kitchen and a bar to stock. They've got employees whose families are depending on them in order to make ends meet. They've got all sorts of miscellaneous fees, taxes, and other expenses that non-club owners such as myself have no clue about. In many cases they've got investors who are eagerly expecting a return on their investment. And after all of that, they still need to bring home enough money to keep themselves and their families financially afloat.
Of course, there are many club owners who are indeed greedy bottom-feeders, and maybe this is the type of club owner that my buddy, Jeff was dealing with. But in many cases, the club owners are just as passionate and generous with what they do as are the artists that they support.
Hosting Live Jazz – The World's Most Devious Get-Rich-Quick Scam!
No matter which aspect of the business you're coming from, jazz is a labor of love. Do you think that club or restaurant owners book jazz acts to make a mountain of cash? In some cases (such as a very expensive restaurant that needs live quiet background music to justify their prices), sure, but in most cases, I highly doubt it.
So while I definitely think that the club owner is responsible for as much advertising and marketing as they can reasonably afford, I also think that it's fair to expect that the artists do their part to support the venue that's taking a chance on them.
This doesn't mean that artists should have to go out and pay for ads in magazines and high-traffic websites. But I do think that it's in everyone's best interest if musicians get aggressive about promoting their gigs and bringing in an audience – preferably an alcohol-purchasing audience (ie: folks other than broke fellow musicians) to come check out the show.
Yes, I know, Bird and Trane didn't have to collect email addresses and maintain websites. But rather than lamenting the fact people nowadays are too lazy and ignorant to dig jazz, I believe that musicians have to face the reality and wear the entrepreneur hat along with their musician hat.
And the truth is, it's cheaper and easier than ever to figure out who your audience is and then build a relationship with them.
Put up a website using a point-and-click mobile and tablet-friendly non-Flash website solution such as WordPress.com, Squarespace, or HostBaby (And kindly skip the intro pages and auto-playing music while you're at it).
Create an email newsletter using a free service such as MailChimp.
Set up profiles on social media platforms such as Facebook, Soundcloud, YouTube, Twitter, Instagram, Pinterest, etc (you don't need to be on all of them, but I would say pick at least one or two to be fairly active on).
At your gigs, talk to people who offer you compliments on your performance. Do you know what about your performance that they liked? Do you know what they didn't like? Do you know what kind of music they listen to? Do you know what clubs they frequent? How about what they do for a living? These are things that can be gleaned in a casual conversation, and you can even tell them that you are asking these questions in an effort to get a better sense of your target audience.
Survey your email subscribers (using a free tool like Survey Monkey) and social media followers asking them the same questions that you ask admirers at your gig.
Post 3 or so recordings of tunes on a web page and ask people to pick their favorite.
Who knows, maybe you'll discover that your ideal fans like fine wine (yipee for the club owner!), or cigars, and that they frequent "The Blue Room" and love your uptempo tunes. Regardless, I think it's great to get inside the heads of the folks upon whom you're counting for at least part of your income.
Now, you might be thinking – isn't this the epitome of "selling out"?
Of course, you can block out the audience at your gigs in the hopes that they happen to respond to what you're doing. But when you're making a conscious effort to be aware of the audience's "energy" (manifested as clapping, vocal participation, dancing, and/or an overall "vibe"), then you can engage in a conversation of sorts, and as many of you know, this is one of the most exciting experiences you can have as a musician.
And if you still think that's selling out – then I say, what's the harm in compromising a little bit every now and then in order to build up an audience that will fund those musical endeavors which involve absolutely zero artistic compromise?
What's wrong with having a little bit of extra cash to put on that jaw harp and saxophone atonal duet concert that you were going to rent out that photography studio for?
It's also nice to have a larger following in general, since out of that following will be a subset of folks who are open to your more adventurous stuff, so the bigger your overall audience, the bigger the pool of sophisticated listeners you'll have to choose from.
Anyhow, I'm getting a bit off-topic here, but my point is, getting people to show up to a gig is a responsibility that should be shared between the performer and the club owner. I suggest that musicians focus on collaborating with those club owners who are honestly doing their best to be fair to those of us on the bandstand, and for musicians to consider dropping the suspicion where it's prudent to do so.
Therefore I don't think it's unreasonable for the club owner to check with the musician to make sure that they are doing what they can to get people through the door, since everyone benefits from a packed house.
So that's my take on it, what do you think?
Truth! I tell all young musicians I meet to do two things while still in school.
Managing your debt and income, in my humble opinion, is one of the biggest keys to being able to pursue the music business as a full time endeavor…at least that's been the case with me.
If you don't, you will work at Burger King in addition to blowing your horn.
By the way, I'll be at the Iridium in NYC on January 16th and I'll be communicating that to the world at large on multiple platforms for the next 30 days. See you there!
I agree with your article. I would like to comment on your referring to people who don't appreciate jazz as lazy and dumb. Jazz musicians are struggling economically because the music isn't popular. When jazz was popular, it was dance music, the bands swung hard, and the solos were short. Jazz has since become complex and, I would even say, mathematical. Parker and Tristano turned mainstream jazz into high art; into classical music. Add to this a jazz education industry that churns out thousands of 10,000-hour jazz musicians every year.
Oh, I'm glad you brought that up Steven! Sorry if it was unclear, but I was referring to the *widespread viewpoint* about the general public being too lazy or ignorant, I wasn't saying that this is what I *personally* feel. I agree with what you say about jazz's transition from dance music to high art, it's a great point. I like the reference to Gladwell too, when you say, "10,000-hour jazz musicians" – some of these kids coming out of school are indeed amazing. Anyhow, thanks for chiming in, great stuff!
Safford Chamberlain retells, in his biography of Warne Marsh, that when a young horn player heard Marsh for first time, he (the youngster) cornered Marsh after the set and asked Marsh how he could learn to play like that. Marsh said, "practice for 10,000 hours or 10 years, whichever comes first." So the 10,000 rule pre-dates Gladstone (2008) and K. Anders Ericsson, who I think was the first to popularize the rule (in the US at least) in 1993.
PS. I think your website and the jazz materials you publish are excellent and have helped me a lot.
I agree, many musicians work very hard at promoting themselves, and yes, I agree, there are many costs associated with live performance, and my heart truly goes out to performing musicians, this is a very bad business model from their point of view. But I believe that in some cases musicians bury their heads in the sand with the "book it and they will come" attitude, and get angry at the reality of the situation instead of finding creative ways to deliver financial benefit to the folks that they're asking for money from. In my opinion, now more than ever, one's music career needs to be handled like a business, and musicians need to stretch their marketing minds beyond flyers and asking friends and family to come out to the gigs. You need to locate those strangers who would like your music and who also enjoy going out at night, and finding ways of engaging with them. And if you're not reaching anyone aside from family and friends, you need to modify your music or your branding to gain a wider appeal, or get a day job until your uncompromised musical vision catches on (which very well may happen at some point, it's just much more of a gamble and a waiting game).
Go to http://www.chickcorea.com, and you'll see how much he's promoting himself. Of course, once you get to his level, you're already a recognized brand, and you don't need the same level of guerilla marketing hustle that an unestablished artist/band needs. I'm not saying that it's 100% up to the musicians to promote their gigs, but if you as a musician want to be successful, you have to get *smart* about how you promote and learn who your audience is. That's what successful companies do. Companies like, let's say, Cadillac and Gucci, have used massive amounts of resources to identify who their target customer is and where to find them, either online, on television, on strategically placed outdoor advertising, etc. This is basic marketing 101, and most musicians are focused on making music, which is cool, but they also need to know this stuff. And it is indeed a good use of time for a musician, since getting a larger following means more gigs, which means even more artistic development. It's like anything else in life, if you forget about what people (such as club owners) owe you, and instead focus on how much value you deliver, you will be extremely successful and not have to worry about those lame club owners because you'll have your own sizeable following.
I received similar messages from most of my teachers in both the classical and jazz realms. My colleagues here at the Dallas School of Music and dlp Music Books once had a meeting with Morty Manus who was then president of Alfred Publishing, he said "nothing comes easy and everything takes longer than it does"…which at the time made me giggle a bit, but now I know those were wise words indeed.
I feel blessed to be able to teach and play music for a living but it is a business like most others – just way more fun!
Thanks for the kind words! Yes, it is a privilege to get to make music your full-time profession in one way or another. But it's also very competitive, so having a solid footing in the business aspect of it make it much more stable.
Steven, oh wow, I never knew that about the 10,000 hour rule, I guess Gladwell got lucky by being credited as the originator of that statistic.
Even with all those suggestions, the truth is that it is getting harder and harder to get a good gig. Up to the late 80s you could gig full time, and now I know fewer and fewer people who can do that. That has to do with DUI enforcement and changing times. Also, if you're not in the city (I used to be in NYC), and you are playing pop music I find that people tend not to travel outside their local area as they get older. People in their 20s or so have the stamina to party hearty. Of course, they tend not to have $$$$. So, the bands that play to the blue hair crowd do really well, and well, I'll even play country but I HATE 50s. There are some well run, successful bands here. The Nerds. The Soul Cruisers. But they are the exception. I think the lessons are (1) Don't play bars, play venues. (2) If you don't play venues, play weddings/events. (3) If you don't like either, have a day gig. Then you can do absolutely whatever you want and the only thing that matters is your opinion. I used to do 1 & 2. Now I'm much older, so I do #3. Lol.
Yeah, great points. It seems like in the end you need to provide an invaluable service that nobody else can quite provide in the same way you do, much like any business. So it comes back to you thinking of yourself as a business with a high-quality product. I know it sounds sterile, and of course as a musician there's infinite depth in terms of how your "product" can be expressed, but if you are replaceable by someone cheaper, or recorded music for that matter, you may very well find yourself in the same boat as many factory workers as of late. It's not easy, but I believe it's doable and even fun, as it forces you to think of your craft differently and can ultimately make you a more well-rounded musician who can connect with others in a meaningful way.
I think the article is a vary valid point of view. In the live music world we inhabit we need to at the very least be prepared to play different types of music in different situations, be part of a (band)team, contribute in a positive manner, dress appropriately and engage with the audience oh and play well, and also be a business person too. It is rare to meet a musician who has all these avenues covered and a joy when you do. It does level the playing field though where you get less able musicians who do well covering all the other things and consequently get loads of work – how often do you wonder how someone gets a big gig or opportunity when you don't rate their playing often you need to look at the other attributes.
If I were a rude person I would have some colorful things to say here. As I am not, I will say that I play for the love of music and I will happily play a benefit for free but if a venue intends to make money off my work, they will compensate me fairly.
If I am forced to do their job as well as my own, I will be compensated for that as well…meaning that I will take the risk and reap the reward. It is not a difficult thing to rent a space and find a person with a valid liquor license to serve YOUR customers. If you have done the work to build a following, etc., just take the next step.
Yeah ; I agree totally. Part of gigging is to raise your profile in the hope of getting to play the bigger venues to a bigger audience. Unless by chance you are insanely talented, then the vibe will spread like wildfire. At the same time, we all have to begin somewhere. If a club owner books you and you end up playing to twenty people, half of whom are chatting at the bar ? Well its a fifty fifty thing. Self promotion is a must. Without it, tantamount to a half assed effort. I think its fair for the owner to expect some effort. After all, it is he that is giving you the chance.


I purchase an surface pro 4 i7 512gb with an extended 2 year warranty. My charger stop charging the device after only 3 months. I took the device to bestbuy geek squad and was told the charger is no good. I thought with me having a full warranty on the item I would get a new charger on the spot. Wrong! They had to order one from Microsoft and mail it to me. I asked what am I to do in the mean time and why can't I just take one from the store. Guy said that's not allowed and it has to come from Microsoft. He said to purchase a new one for almost $90 and return it in 14days when the other one comes in so I can get my money back. Day 14 still no charger. I go back to Best Buy ask for a manager and told him what happened he apologized went and grabbed a charger off the shelf gave it to me and refunded the money back to my card. I had a very annoying experience with bestbuy and don't know why they couldn't have just given me a new charger on the spot from the start. I am just lucky the manager was nice and fixed the issue very proffessionally. New charger hasn't had a problem at all.
One of our pets keeps chewing our cords so needed to replace the cord pronto. We looked online and we noticed it was available at the local Best Buy so picked it up. Cord works great but the are pricy. Best Buy price is comparable to other places, but cord is just expensive. I think they could improve the product by making the cord detach on the thinner section since that is the part that gets chewed up (replaced it several times already). As of today, pet has already chewed through the cord again. Now purchased a less expensive cord. Product did function for the purpose intended. It is just too expensive for my household. I indicated that I would recommend products, but would if you needed it replaced immediately or it did not need to be replaced often.
This was a replacement cord for the cord I lost (there was nothing wrong with the other cord before I lost it). The cord is especially indispensable given how sucky battery life is on my SP4. The charger itself is durable, compact and stores easily. It does exactly what it's supposed to with two fairly minor quibbles. First, it seems a little pricey for a wall charger. There are non-OEM wall chargers to be had at a much lower price point elsewhere. However, as with such things: Caveat Emptor. Second, the USB port on the powerblock is incapable of charging my Google Nexus phone. Overall pleased with purchase. Just a little bummed that I lost the first wall charger.
The cord connection to the block apparently became broken from 2 years + of use and rapping around the charge block for storage. This was the same problem many other reviewers expressed with their MS Pro. I had the same issue with a Dell laptop charger; so it appears to be related to the similar design for laptop charges. The new MS charger cord is longer and more convenient. The new MS charger block and cord solved the issue of intermittent charging. Plus, the PC connection now lights on both sides of the connection for the user to see when the laptop is opened or closed. Price was reasonable and Best Buy priced matched, so I got the unit for 5% - 07% less that the price listed.
Not for me- too 'hot'.
I bought the wall charger for my Surface Pro 3. It was the only Surface Pro 3 charger that Best Buy had on hand. What I found out was that this charger is more powerful than the original charger that came with my unit and my unit became somewhat 'hot' upon charging. I was concerned that this charger might shorten the life of my Surface Pro so I returned the product to Best Buy. I found a charger on-line that was more it line with my original charger (less powerful). Yes it takes longer for me to get a full charge with the 'lighter' charger but my unit doesn't get 'hot'. I'd rather make sure that my SurfacePro has a longer life than a faster charge.
I was thinking of buying the more generic brand with the same features (65 Watts/15Volts/4Amps)--don't know how 15X4=65, but the point is that I was ready to order an exact knockoff until I read those reviews. Not buying the original Microsoft charger puts you at risk of destroying the 2in1. The extra expense of the Microsoft brand is your insurance instead of risking destroying your computer. This one works great, charges fast. Recommendation is to let it go below 1/2 charge at least once/month and don't keep it always plugged in.
I bought a surface computer 2 years ago, and have had to replace the cord 3 times now. When working, the cord is wonderful. But, the cords burn up like crazy. I thought it was my computer, but the guy at Geek Squad told me that these cords are just notorious for burning up quickly and having to be replaced. If this is the case, the price needs to be lowered significantly. I love the computer, but am very irritated by the fact that I have to keep buying a new cord in order to use it.
My original MS Surface charger was left behind after one end of week work travel trip. Shipping the original charger was going to take longer to arrive than the Surface had battery charge left. I purchased an open-box charger as the interim and future back-up/travel charger, but you would never know that the box had been opened! Just like new! Works beautifully. Works so well that the open-box is now my work station/permanent charger and when the original arrived, it is now the travel/back-up charger.
I bought this because I realized that I had forgotten my charger while on a business trip. Thankfully, my surface pro 4 had enough stamina to last most of my first day on the road so I zipped over to the local Best Buy to pick up a spare. While not cheap, this charger has good build quality and it's about the only option Microsoft gives you. One of my favorite features of this power adapter is the USB charger that's built into the adapter brick. I love being able to charge my iPhone without an additional adapter or robbing precious USB real estate from my Surface.
Great spare charger for your Surface Book, Pro 4, or Pro 3 (doesn't work for Pro 1, Pro 2, or the regular Surface 1/2/3). Great quality and charges exactly how you would expect. The best thing about this charger is the extra powered USB port on the unit. It comes in handy when I travel and allows me to skip bringing other USB power bricks. I just charge my other devices directly off this. It wasn't required, but it's just a little thing that makes my life more convenient and shows that someone's thinking of ways to make simple things like this more helpful.
The original charger for my wife's Surface 4 was defective and then missing so after looking all over for it it was much easier just to purchase a new one. This charger seems more compact and the plug fits perfectly into the Surface 4's charging port. It would be nice to have some sort of indicator light to show that charging is complete without having to open up the Surface. I know it sounds a bit lazy on my end but it still would be nice. So glad my wife has a charger again.
When the puppy chews the cable and the Surface Pro can't charge, you have to make the choice between OEM and aftermarket chargers. My past forays into the aftermarket for chargers have all been unsatisfactory, so I forked out for the real thing this time. Obviously, it works great with the Surface Pro, but Microsoft has kept the same cable that is prone to developing permanent twists (then breaking). Fix that, and it would be a 5 star product.
Thank you for taking the time to leave such a thorough review on your experience with the Wall Charger for Surface! We're glad to hear that this charger has been a step above the rest, and we'll be sure to share your review with our team.
The surface pro 4 does not accommodate an Ethernet cord. The wi-fi works fine except that it is located in a remote area of my home. When 'everyone in the neighborhood' is home and 'on the net' my speed would significantly slow. I purchased the wall charger primarily for this purpose, however, it was also important that the USB was functional (not just a place to charge devices) and could be used when using my Presenter device for advancing slides during presentations.
I bought this as an open box certified excellent by geek squad. My daughter used it on her surface to replace the original charger that had frayed & was sparking. After 2 weeks of using this, her surface said it did not recognize this item & it stopped working!!!! Best Buy did not have any new ones in stock. And does not know if or when they will get anymore.
Unexpectedly the wire on the charger for my Surface Pro broke while I was in the middle of a project. Hurried out to my local Best Buy, they had a replacement, within 20 minutes I was back up and working. I would give this charger 5 stars if they had beefed up the weak points of the cords. I'm sure down the road I'll be making another trip to the store to get another charger for the same reason.
I purchased a second power source because I like being able to pack all my power cords and adapters ahead of my actual travel. This works as it is supposed to, but I marked it down primarily for two reasons: (1) the price, and (2) the fact that as much as I like the magnetic connection, I would have preferred it if I could charge this item with any power source that uses a micro-USB connection...fewer power cords and adapters to travel with.
It works. Unfortunately the original that came with my Surface 4 Pro died after 2 years (ridiculous). Since this is the same thing nothing exciting to note other than the cord from the outlet to the battery pack is longer than the original. i haven't had it long enough to speak of its durability. However, its expensive but I didn't want to risk any damage to my Surface using knock offs.
What is there to say? It's a charger and it's WAY TOO EXPENSIVE but it works and the new magnetic plug is almost perfect! It pulls right in when you get the cord close and there is no up and down... it connects either way. When I found the extra USB charger port on the charger I felt a little better about the price [but not much]. At least it means carrying one less charger and it will charge both the Surface and my phone.
The staff assisted me and my grandson to the hook where charger hung. The young lady was friendly and greeted us with a big smile. She knew what we were looking for and got it for my grandson and me. At the register, the clerk was friendly, too, with a pleasing smile. She assisted me, 78 years of age, in inserting my credit card, etc. She found the Amazon price and gave us the discount. GREAT!


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Tel: +27 (0)11 339-2021 | info@saiia.org.za
Policy Briefings
South Africa's Foreign Policy
COVID-19's impact on South Africa's relations with Africa
A foreign migrant sits on his bed inside a boarded up room occupied by two people on the upstairs floor in a building in the Kwa Mai Mai area in Johannesburg. Image: Getty, Marco Longari/AFP
South Africa's Africa agenda has always been central to its foreign policy.
South Africa must recognise that the impact of its domestic policy on African nationals living in the country is an important indicator of its leadership on African affairs.
South Africa must comprehensively address institutionalised xenophobia by implementing policies that afford protection to migrant communities, displaced people, asylum seekers and refugees as prescribed by the South African Constitution and the various international obligations to which South Africa has acceded. Failure to do so will negatively impact South Africa's soft power and its ability to lead the continent, while threatening to overturn the many gains it has already achieved.
South Africa must be vigilant in the face of growing incursions into the civic space by African governments who are using COVID-19 to quash opposition. It should consider the creation of an emergency working group within the AU whose focus is on responding to political crises that escalate as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
South Africa's Africa agenda has always been central to its foreign policy. However, the pandemic has again exposed some of the contradictions within its implementation, as the effectiveness of this policy is determined not only by the government's pronouncements on its commitment to the continent but also by its actions both inside and outside the country.
When South African President Cyril Ramaphosa assumed the chairmanship of the AU for 2020, he announced the country's priorities for the continent as part of the 'African Decade of Action'.1AU, 'Acceptance Statement by South African President H.E. Cyril Ramaphosa on assuming the Chair of the African Union for 2020', February 09, 2020, https://au.int/en/speeches/20200209/acceptance-statement-south-african-president-he-cyril-ramaphosaassuming-chair.In his speech, the president outlined the steps that would be taken to implement the African Continental Free Trade Agreement (AfCFTA) to ensure free trade, the 'Silencing the Guns' agenda to end conflict on the continent, and the African Peer Review Mechanism to ensure governance and accountability.2AU, 'Acceptance Statement by South African President H.E. Cyril Ramaphosa'.
South Africa's decisive stewardship of the AU this year has been exemplary in pivoting the continent to responding swiftly and comprehensively to the pandemic. While COVID-19 impacted the implementation of the AfCFTA and 'Silencing the Guns', South Africa's response to the pandemic has been a triumph of its commitment to multilateralism.
However, persistent xenophobia threatens this, as the pandemic has accentuated South Africa's deep cleavages. African migrants in South Africa continue to experience institutionalised xenophobia and live in constant fear of a resurgence of victimisation and violence as poverty and hunger worsen.
African solutions for an African pandemic
In the specific case of the pandemic, South Africa as chair of the AU has played an important coordinating role, beginning when Africa still had very low numbers of COVID-19 infections.
As his own country braced for a 'hard lockdown' with severe restrictions on movement and economic activity, President Ramaphosa moved quickly to coordinate continental efforts with the African Centre for Disease Control, the World Health Organisation and the AU Commission.
Regional task forces were established in the continent's five main regions (north, south, east, west and central Africa) with the overall responsibility for screening, detection and diagnosis, infection and prevention control, and clinical management of infected persons through the African Task Force for Coronavirus.3Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, 'Africa Joint Continental Strategy for COVID-19 Outbreak', March 5, 2020, https://africacdc.org/download/africa-joint-continental-strategy-for-covid-19-outbreak/.
Together with the AU Bureau a COVID-19 Response Fund was also established and immediately secured $12 million in funding. Special envoys were deployed to mobilise economic support for the fight against COVID-19 and by mid-June, largely through the efforts of Strive Masiyiwa, who was appointed as the AU Special Envoy leading global mobilisation of medical test kits and protective equipment for the continent, an innovative procurement platform was established that would serve the entire continent's medical supply needs to respond to the pandemic.4'Covid-19: AU Hails 'African Jewel' as Continental Medical Supplies Platform is Launched', News24, June 19, 2020, https://www.news24.com/news24/africa/news/covid-19-au-hails-african-jewel-as-continental-medical-supplies-platform-launched-20200619.All these efforts have bolstered Africa's preparedness and capacity to contain the spread of the virus.
One of the most important actions taken by the continent, and argued for by President Ramaphosa in the G20 virtual summit in March 2020, was the push for a debt service standstill for low-income countries.5However, the take-up has been less than expected. Countries are concerned about the impact on their credit ratings and access to financing if they take up the offer.Furthermore, President Ramaphosa appointed Dr Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, Dr Donald Kaberuka, Tidjane Thiam and Trevor Manuel as Special Envoys of the AU to mobilise international support for Africa's efforts to address the economic challenges African countries would face as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.6AU, 'African Union Chair President Cyril Ramaphosa Appoints Special Envoys to Mobilise International Economic Support for Continental Fight Against COVID-19', April 12, 2020, https://au.int/en/pressreleases/20200412/african-union-chair-president-cyrilramaphosa-appoints-special-envoys.
Despite the mammoth task of shepherding its own domestic challenges, rolling out an unprecedented economic recovery package amounting to over ZAR 800 billion,7COVID-19: Unpacking Treasury, Sarb's R800bn stimulus package', CNBC Africa, April 24, 2020, https://www.cnbcafrica.com/videos/2020/04/24/covid-19-unpacking-treasury-sarbs-r800bn-stimulus-package/South Africa's focus on the continental agenda has remained steadfast. It has also refused to allow continental agendas to be derailed, calling instead for continued efforts to address Africa's developmental objectives – including continuing with the implementation of the AfCFTA.8South African Government, 'President Cyril Ramaphosa: 2020 Africa Day', May 25, 2020, https://www.gov.za/speeches/presidentcyril-ramaphosa-2020-africa-day-25-may-2020-0000.
Support for 'Silencing the Guns' and the global ceasefire
Before the pandemic struck the AU's theme for 2020 was 'Silencing the Guns' and creating the conditions for Africa's development. According to Agenda 2063 adopted in 2013, Africa should have ended conflict by 2020. This was rightly recognised as essential, as Africa's development relies on it first attaining peace.
An extraordinary summit on 'Silencing the Guns' originally scheduled for the end of May was postponed because of COVID-19. However, the AU Commission Chair, Moussa Faki Mahamat, echoed the call of the UN Secretary General for a global ceasefire to allow health and humanitarian workers to contain the spread of the virus. South Africa supported the call and while it lamented the fact that it was only in July 2020 that the UN Security Council finally adopted resolution 2532 that called for a global ceasefire,9Department of International Relations and Cooperation (DIRCO), 'Statement by Ambassador Jerry Matjila, Permanent Representative of the Republic of South Africa, during the Security Council Video Teleconference (VTC) Meeting on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Peace and Security,' July 2, 2020, http://www.dirco.gov.za/docs/speeches/2020/matj0702.htm; As learnt during a telephonic interview with a DIRCO official on August 18, 2020, South Africa would have preferred the UN Security Council resolution to have included a reference to the need to ease sanctions on countries to help them fight the pandemic, a call that the UN Secretary General had also made in his statement.its own original objectives of its chairmanship of the AU in 2020 – namely to expand efforts on 'Silencing the Guns' and on the AfCFTA – were also delayed as fighting COVID-19 consumed the government.
South Africa should be careful to step beyond platitudes on the need to keep focus on Africa's peace and security agenda. Its remarkable achievements on COVID-19 illustrate that it can, when there is political will, move very quickly and substantively. In a time when countries have withdrawn and become more insular to address their domestic challenges, South Africa has shown how powerful multilateralism and cooperation can be. South Africa's role in the African response to COVID-19 may be the new benchmark by which we assess South Africa's leadership on the continent.
COVID-19 is introducing new elements to the security debate in Africa. With many countries declaring states of emergency and restrictions on civil liberties to curb the spread of the virus, many African regimes have capitalised on wider acceptance of these practices to enact further restrictions and suppress political opposition. The recent upsurge in stateled violence in Zimbabwe crystallises these trends in South Africa's neighbourhood but warning bells have been sounding in eSwatini, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique and Tanzania, and resounding as far north as Algeria and Tunisia.10'Protesters in Southern Tunisia Demand Government-Promised Jobs, Deplore Police Crackdown', France24, June 24, 2020, https://www.france24.com/en/20200624-protesters-in-southern-tunisia-demand-government-promised-jobs-deplore-policecrackdown.
If these incursions on civic freedoms are not stopped, they will have serious consequences for political freedom. As states assume greater prominence in rolling out relief to citizens, regulating movement and policing regulations, less altruistic governments are instrumentalising these regulations to quash political opposition and corrode democratic systems.11Arnold Tsunga, Tatenda Mazarura and Mark Heywood, 'Is Covid-19 in Danger of Killing Electoral Democracy in southern Africa?', Daily Maverick, May 1, 2020, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-05-01-is-covid-19-in-danger-of-killing-electoral-democracy-in-southern-africa/.South Africa could use its position as the current chair of the AU to highlight these malevolent political consequences of the pandemic by creating a parallel working group on peace and security issues that are directly impacted by the COVID pandemic.
The persistent stain of xenophobia
However, South Africa's commitment to Africa is not only judged by its foreign policy engagements. It is also judged by how the rest of the continent perceives its treatment of African migrants in its own country. This has been a bone of contention for many years.12Alfredo Tjiurimo Hengari, "Xenophobia Trivialises South Africa's Ambitious Africa Policy" (Policy Briefing 150, South African Institute of International Affairs, Johannesburg, July 2016), https://saiia.org.za/research/xenophobia-trivialises-south-africas-ambitious-africapolicy/.
Persistent xenophobia threatens any gains that South Africa makes in its African foreign policy. Inside South Africa the pandemic has accentuated South Africa's deep cleavages. COVID-19 has highlighted how dangerous unequal access to public goods like healthcare and clean running water can be. Stringent social distancing measures enacted to limit contagion have wreaked havoc in almost every sector of the economy, triggering widespread recession, unemployment, and indigence. African migrants in South Africa continue to experience institutionalised xenophobia and live in constant fear of a resurgence of victimisation and violence as poverty and hunger worsen. South Africa is not only one of the most unequal societies in the world, it is also one of the most violently xenophobic. It has a history of institutionalised xenophobia that prevents refugees and asylum seekers from accessing state resources, securing the right to live and work in the country.13'South Africa: Failing Asylum Process is Exacerbating Xenophobia', Amnesty International, October 19, 2019, https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2019/10/south-africa-failing-asylum-system-is-exacerbating-xenophobia/
The most recent spate of attacks took place in September 2019 – a few months before South Africa was to assume the Chair of the AU. Backlash for the violence was so severe that even the AU Peace and Security Council condemned it.14AU, 'The 879th Meeting of the Peace and Security Council on Acts of Xenophobic Violence against African Migrants in South Africa', October 29, 2019, http://www.peaceau.org/en/article/the-879th-meeting-of-the-peace-and-security-council-on-acts-ofxenophobic-violence-against-african migrants-in-south-africa.South Africa for the first time also immediately dispatched special envoys to Africa's capitals to smooth over relations. However, it is fair to say that African leaders are becoming increasingly frustrated with persistent attacks on their citizens and the South African government's inadequate response to stamping this phenomenon out.
Part of the problem remains that South African officials still refuse to admit that the problem is one of xenophobia – blaming criminality instead.15Cuthbert Tagwirai, 'A new word is needed for xenophobia, but it's not criminality', Business Day, September 14, 2019, https://www.businesslive.co.za/bd/opinion/2019-09-14-a-new-word-is-needed-for-xenophobia-but-its-not-criminality/ Until official policy pivots to address the phenomenon, government responses will continue to be inadequate.16Aditi Lalbahadur, 'Xenophobia Erodes South Africa's Leadership Potential', SAIIA, May 27, 2019, https://saiia.org.za/research/xenophobia-erodes-south-africas-leadership-potential/.
There are warning signs that xenophobic sentiment is likely to surge again, risking another outbreak of violence. Warning bells first began to sound when the government, shortly after declaring a National State of Disaster, erected a 40-kilometre-long fence along its border with Zimbabwe – ostensibly to curb the exodus of Zimbabweans into South Africa. The fence, which is reported to have cost almost ZAR17Three-letter code for the South African Rand40 million was erected in April and is being patrolled by South African National Defence Forces.18'A look at South Africa's R37 Million Border Fence with Zimbabwe – Built to Stop the Spread of the Coronavirus', BusinessTech, May 11, 2020, https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/396733/a-look-at-south-africas-r37-million-border-fence-with-zimbabwebuilt-to-stop-the-spread-of-the-coronavirus/
Porous borders proliferate in Southern Africa and are points for cross-border informal and formal trade. Communities in the border regions surrounding South Africa depend on South African retail for their household consumption. Healthcare facilities that provide free primary care to children and mothers would also be closed off.
In the COVID-19 era, a worrying 'South Africans first' discourse is also emerging among politicians. In his address to media at the end of April, Finance Minister Tito Mboweni was reported to have said 'People who want to approach banks or government for funding must demonstrate that they do have a labour market and employment policy that favours South Africans.' 19Michael Cohen and Prinesha Naidoo, 'South Africa Must Put Locals First Post Virus, Mboweni Says', Bloomberg, April 24, 2020, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-04-24/south-africa-must-put-locals-first-post-virus-mboweni-says.This, coupled with new regulations from the Department of Employment and Labour that will restrict the number of foreigners employed in agriculture, tourism and hospitality (including restaurants) and private security – reflects a shifting tone towards foreigners by government policymakers.20South Africa is Getting a New National Employment Policy – Including Rules Around Hiring Foreigners', BusinessTech, July 21, 2020, https://businesstech.co.za/news/business/418585/south-africa-is-getting-a-new-national-employment-policy-including-rulesaround-hiring-foreigners/.While many countries are adopting 'support local' campaigns to resuscitate their flailing industries, implementing regulations on foreign employment as mentioned above is potentially explosive.
Moreover, foreigners have been excluded from recovery measures designed to buffer indigent communities from starvation. As part of his economic recovery package, President Ramaphosa offered a special COVID-19 grant of ZAR 350. Refugees and asylum seekers were prohibited from qualifying for this until human rights activists took the matter to court. On 18 June 2020, the Pretoria High Court declared that the exclusion of refugees and asylum seekers from this grant was unconstitutional, compelling government to overturn this policy.21Estelle Ellis, 'Special Permit Holders and Asylum Seekers in SA Must Get Covid-19 Grant, Court Orders, Daily Maverick, June 19, 2020, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2020-06-19-refugees-and-asylum-seekers-in-sa-must-get-covid-19-grant-court-orders/.
Re-drawing the social contract: Rooting out corruption, building trust
The prevalence of xenophobic violence in township and urban poor communities illustrates how closely it is linked with competition for jobs and livelihoods. As this competition increases in an economy that has already shed 2.9 million jobs since lockdown was imposed,22Lameez Omarjee, 'Covid-19 Cuts SA Employment Figures by Three Million, Women Worst Affected – Study, Fin24, July 15, 2020, https://www.news24.com/fin24/economy/covid-19-cuts-sa-employment-figures-by-three-million-women-worst-affected-study- 20200715(and that is set to contract by 7.1% 23World Bank, Global Economic Prospects: Sub-Saharan Africa (June 2020), http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/888831588788355661/Global-Economic-Prospects-June-2020-Regional-Overview-SSA.pdf), xenophobic violence is likely to increase. Economic recovery is therefore an intrinsic pre-requisite if South Africa is to hope to comprehensively address the problem.
In his April address to the nation, President Ramaphosa acknowledged that a 'new social compact among business, labour, community and government' would be necessary to ensure inclusive growth and to restructure the economy.24'Statement by President Cyril Ramaphosa on Further Economic and Social Measures in Response the Covid-19 Epidemic,' April 21, 2020, Statement by President Cyril Ramaphosa on further economic and social measures in response the covid-19 epidemicThis call infers the redrawing of the agreement between state, its institutions and functionaries, and citizens and is something that South Africans sorely need in the wake of debilitating corruption scandals that some estimates put at almost one third of the country's GDP: ZAR 1.5 trillion.25Marianne Merten, 'State Capture Wipes Out Third of SA's R4.9-trillion GDP – Never Mind Lost Trust, Confidence, Opportunity' Daily Maverick, March 01, 2019, https://www.dailymaverick.co.za/article/2019-03-01-state-capture-wipes-out-third-of-sas-r4-9-trilliongdp-never-mind-lost-trust-confidence-opportunity/#gsc.tab=0.Much like skewed access to healthcare and basic sanitation, corruption has exposed South Africa's vulnerabilities and the pandemic has made this situation more acute.
This is in large part because South Africa has been unable to curb inveterate graft that arguably reached a zenith during the second term of former president Jacob Zuma's presidency – when current president, Ramaphosa, was his deputy. Concerns about the siphoning of money intended as relief for citizens in the wake of COVID-19 have been amplified by news reports of local politicians hoarding food parcels, social security grants being maladministered, money from the Solidarity Fund (the special emergency COVID-19 fund established by government) being improperly allocated, and the flourishing of improper tender deals – one involving the president's own spokesperson, Khusela Diko.26'Khusela Diko Takes Leave After R125m PPE Scandal Linked to Husband', IOL, July 28, 2020, https://www.iol.co.za/news/politics/ khusela-diko-takes-leave-after-r125m-ppe-tender-scandal-linked-to-husband-cfd793c8-99dc-4416-87f0-fd32ef6f18b7Curtailing this will require swift action by prosecuting authorities and corruption experts have called for greater transparency over procurement procedures to facilitate this.27Caroline James and Karam Jeet Singh, 'Fighting COVID 19 Also Requires Intensifying Anti-corruption Efforts, Corruption Watch, July 20, 2020, https://www.corruptionwatch.org.za/fighting-covid-19-also-requires-intensifying-anti-corruption-efforts/.
Government's unprecedented ZAR 800 billion economic recovery package includes a recently approved $ 4.3 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) which will expose it to greater international scrutiny.28South Africa has also been granted a $ 1 billion loan from the New Development Bank, and a loan of $ 288 million from the African Development Bank. It is also expected to receive a loan from the World Bank. The conditions attached to them could also enhance international scrutiny and public accountability.To qualify for the loan, which was disbursed from the bank's Rapid Financing Instrument, South Africa has agreed to stabilise its finances. This will entail implementing the decisions taken in its October 2019 medium-term budget to reduce government spending, slash public sector wages and improve management of state-owned enterprises in addition to implementing measures to stimulate the economy.
An increasingly pressured domestic environment will impact the country's continued leadership commitments to the continent. While it may be tempting to adopt a 'South Africa first' stance, this approach is myopic because of the economic potential that the continent holds for the country's recovery. But to successfully grasp the opportunities, South Africa will have to ensure that it does a better job of protecting the rights and ensuring the safety of members of the African diaspora within its borders. Failure to do so could have catastrophic consequences for the country's ability to reach its full leadership potential in Africa.
COVID-19 once again proves the axiom that crises bring out the best – and worst – in us. The same can be said of South Africa's leadership of the continent during this time. Where there has been strong political will and clear focus, South Africa has modelled collaborative effort, collective action and clear leadership. This has resulted in stunning responses by the continent to coordinate its efforts to address the immediate threat posed by the virus.
However, its leaders must realise how vulnerable it is to the resurgence of xenophobic violence and the further marginalisation of African migrant communities within its borders and act in ways to mitigate this. Xenophobia will remain one of the biggest threats to the country's leadership potential and economic growth prospects on the continent and will persist unless it is adequately and directly addressed.
Given the bleak economic forecast for the country, South Africa cannot afford fumbles that would result in it further losing its foothold. There has never been a more critical juncture for the democratic nation because if it fails, the effects are likely to last many years – if not generations to come. This will impact the twin imperatives to lead the continent and prevent growing instability at home along xenophobic/ethnic lines.
The COVID-19 pandemic is also spawning political crises that the country, as chair of the AU, and as a leader on the continent, is obligated to address. Decisive leadership, reining in political elites who are abusing the pandemic to further their personal agendas at the expense of their people, is what the people of Africa need to help them get through these tough times.
In this way, South Africa can use the pandemic to show Africa and the world the best of who we are.
SAIIA gratefully acknowledges the support of the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (SIDA) for this publication.
Aditi Lalbahadur has co-authored a chapter in the forthcoming edited volume on 'Values, Interests and Power: South Africa's foreign policy in uncertain times', edited by Professor Daniel D Bradlow and Elizabeth Sidiropoulos and published by Pretoria University Law Press.
Research by
Aditi Lalbahadur
SAIIA Policy Briefing No 213, September 2020
SAIIA Programme
African Governance and Diplomacy
COVID-19, Values Interests and Power book, coronavirus
Toward a national strategy and development council: The foreign policy dimension
South Africa's trade policy post COVID-19
How will COVID-19 impact South Africa's climate change diplomacy?
COVID-19 and Regional integration in Southern Africa: South Africa's moment of truth
It is very much in SA's interest to 'interfere' in Zimbabwe
COVID-19 and South Africa's Foreign Policy
The South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA) is an independent public policy think tank advancing a well governed, peaceful, economically sustainable and globally engaged Africa.
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In fact, it was downright busy. And that should be a sign to shippers that this is the beginning of a tightening freight market where, by Q4, ensuring adequate freight capacity may become a real problem.
Unless, of course, shippers act now to lock in that capacity with favored carriers.
Freight Capacity: What's Going On?
Demand for trucks grows as the economy grows. So what signs indicate that things are turning around?
The American Trucking Association is seeing the same signs.
"Looking ahead, signs remain mostly positive for truck tonnage, including lower inventory levels, better manufacturing activity, solid housing starts, good consumer spending …all of which are drivers of freight volumes" said ATA Chief Economist Bob Costello.
Freight load board company, DAT, reported that, compared to February 2016, this past February saw a 100% increase in freight on the spot market. In a blog entitled "Is the freight recession really over?" DAT predicts that the growing number of van loads will soon pressure freight capacity and drive rates up.
OK, so what's all this good news about the economy mean for transportation and logistics managers charged with securing freight capacity at a reasonable rate?
For one, they may want to move away from the spot market -- where rates are rising and capacity is less predictable -- and partner with asset-based freight carriers to ensure capacity and lock in rates.
Despite these advantages, rates rule the day for many shippers, who assume that the spot market will always yield a better rate. But committed relationships with a select group of carriers actually have some distinct financial advantages that many shippers don't think about.
Network efficiency. Steady freight gives the carrier time to mine for customers in the area to create a more efficient network with minimal deadhead miles. While the spot market often yields an attractive deadhead rate, the same result could be achieved with dedicated carriers, who then share these cost efficiencies with customers.
Better rates. On a 3-year deal, the rates are locked in for the contract period. In a fluctuating freight market, that could result in real savings, depending on how the market moves.
Happier customers. Your customers appreciate carrier reps who know their product and their procedures. What's the value of a happy customer?
Freight managers need to be nimble and adapt strategies based on market conditions. Right now, it's a pretty sure bet that the freight market is shifting toward the side of the sellers. As capacity tightens, shippers should take a hard look at shifting some of their spot market capacity to dedicated carrier partners that can ensure they have the capacity they need to support business growth.


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Home Entertainment Caitlyn Jenner Isn'T Ready to Wear Swimsuit, Addresses Candis Cayne Dating Rumor
Caitlyn Jenner Isn'T Ready to Wear Swimsuit, Addresses Candis Cayne Dating Rumor
Calling her BFF Candis 'a beautiful woman' and 'a very attractive lady,' Caitlyn says, 'As far as dating in the future, I have absolutely no idea.'
Caitlyn Jenner revealed her other issue since her transition in the new episode of "I Am Cait". While still struggling to find her "feminine voice," the former Olympian said she wasn't ready to expose herself in a swimsuit.
In the latest outing of her docuseries, Caitlyn and her friends had a road trip to San Francisco. When her friends stripped down and hopped in a hot tub, she decided to skip it and spend her time alone in her room.
"I don't think I'm ready for that," she told the camera. "You have to realize these girls transitioned years and years and years ago. I just don't know if I'm ready to expose myself like that. Maybe down the line I'll feel more comfortable with myself, but right now I just can't see myself doing it."
On another occasion, Caitlyn told her stepdaughter Kim Kardashian that she was considering a surgery to alter her voice. Kim expressed her concern, "What if they made a mistake and you had no voice?"
Caitlyn previously declared that she's "more on the conservative side" and her view on social issues have raised concern among her trans friends, who tried to explain the need of social programs for trans people.
"Don't, a lot of times, they can make more not working with social programs than they actually can with an entry-level job?" Caitlyn said when discussing homeless and unemployed transgender people. "But you don't want people to get totally dependent on it. That's when they get in trouble. 'Why should I work? I got a few bucks, I got my room paid for.' "
LGBT activist Jenny Boylan told the camera, "Now I'm worried." She added, "Caitlyn has every right to be just as conservative as she choses, but many transgender men and women need social programs to survive, and that's nothing to be ashamed of. … If Cait's going to be a spokesperson for the community this is something that she's going to have to understand."
Also in the episode, Caitlyn addressed dating rumors surrounding her. "She's a very attractive lady," Caitlyn said of her BFF Candis Cayne. She also admitted to the camera, "Candis is a beautiful woman, but as far as dating in the future, I have absolutely no idea."
Ronda Kamihira was also rumored dating Caitlyn when the latter was still going by Bruce Jenner. Responding to this rumor, Ronda said, "It was so great when I found out." In fact, the two are just friends and Ronda helped Caitlyn get through her early stages of transitioning
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Florida's Official Aviation Museum
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You are here: Home / Blog / Happenings / NOAA: Where Science Meets Service Arrives at the Florida Air Museum
NOAA: Where Science Meets Service Arrives at the Florida Air Museum
The Florida Air Museum, in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), held a ribbon-cutting ceremony today for the grand opening of a new exhibit, NOAA: Where Science Meets Service. Over 100 attendees were on hand at the museum to take part in the festivities.
About the Exhibit
(From left) ACE Volunteer Slade Rosamond, Director of NOAA's Heritage-Legacy Program Cheryl Oliver, NOAA AOC Commanding Officer Captain Timothy Gallagher, ACE President & CEO John "Lites" Leenhouts, and ACE Volunteer Nolan Kiefer celebrate the arrival of the new exhibit.
Photo by R. Stiltner
The exhibit includes artifacts from the agency's rich history and highlights the many ways in which NOAA and its employees serve the nation each and every day. Many of the NOAA employees attended the event in show of support of the special relationship they share not only with the Aerospace Center for Excellence (of which Aerospace Discovery at the Florida Air Museum is a part) but with the Lakeland Linder International Airport which is home to the NOAA Aircraft Operations Center (AOC), home to the well-known NOAA Hurricane Hunters.
Aerospace Center for Excellence and SUN 'n FUN Fly-In President / CEO John "Lites" Leenhouts shared, "The NOAA exhibit is an example of the strong business partnerships we have forged here at the airport. The positive economic impact attributable to the social enterprise that the Aerospace Center for Excellence has created coupled with the career opportunities available for our students reinforces why we are focused on ensuring they are prepared to take on tomorrow's aerospace challenges through our programs and scholarships."
NOAA, State and City Officials on Hand
Leenhouts welcomed Captain Timothy Gallagher, Commanding Officer of the NOAA AOC, who reiterated NOAA's contribution to keeping citizens informed of the changing environment around them. He encouraged everyone to visit the museum to learn how NOAA's mission "truly reaches from the surface of the sun to the depths of the ocean." Representatives from Congressman Ross' office (Shelee Meeker), Senator Nelson's office (Lizy Price) and Senator Rubio's Office (Taylor Sanchez) were joined by City of Lakeland Commissioners Bill Read, Michael Dunn and Scott Franklin as well as Airport Director Gene Conrad, further demonstrating the importance of this symbolic event.
The traveling exhibit, NOAA: Where Science Meets Service, will be at the Florida Air Museum for approximately one year. Learn how you can support STEAM and aerospace education by supporting the museum.
Sign up for the Touch 'n Go newsletter and stay informed about things happening at Florida Air Museum, Aerospace Center for Excellence, & SUN 'n FUN.
Florida Air Museum is a part of Aerospace Center for Excellence. ACE is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit, community-based institution and educational resource dedicated to bringing aerospace and aviation history and science alive for people of all ages and backgrounds.
Thursday -Saturday: 10AM-4PM
The Museum occasionally closes to the public for special events. Please call ahead to confirm availability for your visit date.
4175 Medulla Rd. Lakeland, FL 33811
www.floridaairmuseum.org
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Sponsored in part by the State of Florida, Department of State, Division of Cultural Affairs and the Florida Council on Arts and Culture
Copyright 2020 Aerospace Center for Excellence


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Sport Wales have commissioned 4Global, a sports consultancy, to undertake a country-wide facilities audit as part of the Facilities For Future Generations strategy.
Sport Wales understand the important role facilities play in keeping people active in physical activity and sport, but more importantly, the vital effect access to facilities can have on the inactive.
Therefore, it is crucial that Sport Wales and local authorities have an accurate and consistent view of opened, closed, and planned facility developments across Wales to identify where the gaps in provision are and ensure all those living in Wales have equal opportunities to get active.
Once the information has all been collated, and built into a national tool (including an interactive map showing what is available or planned across their area), it will help inform users of the broader role of their own facilities within the community.


The Wildlife Section is separated into subsections on Wildlife Studies and Wildlife Venues.
contains Portfolios on Brown and Black Bears; Elk; Pronghorn; Bison; Coyote; Elephant Seals and Insect Macros.
Sanibel Island, Florida; Bolsa Chica Wildlife Refuge, California; and San Diego Wild Animal Park in California.
Click a display composite below to select a Section.
thousand images taken during more than 20 visits to the Refuge over a period of several years.
plus Eagles, Hawks, Falcons, Egrets, Herons, waterfowl, shorebirds, deer, coyotes, and other wildlife.
Bosque del Apache in the winter is one of the most fascinating wildlife locations in the United States.
displays Alaskan Scenery including Duck Island, Silver Salmon Creek and Denali National Park.
multi-page sections with hundreds of images on Wildlife and Scenery of Yellowstone.
Wyoming Scenic section detailing scenic areas of Yellowstone and the Grand Tetons.
Also included is a new six page section on the Birds of Yellowstone National Park.
includes Anhingas, Cormorants, Egrets and Herons, Ibis, Osprey, Pelicans, and other birds.
Bolsa Chica Ecological Reserve, Ballona Creek, and Newport Back Bay.
Pelicans; and Hawks, a Peale's Peregrine and several other birds.
use by students and teachers, with large images and lots of information.
Click for 800 x 1200 version.
Normally found in tropical Asia, some were imported to Southern CA early in the 20th century.
Many of the Red-Whiskered Bulbuls escaped and formed a flock, which is now over 100 birds.
A 1650 x 640 version of the SXL composite (4137 x 1605) of a rarely seen mating sequence.
A male Anna's performs a courtship display for a female (left), mounts her in flight, and leaves.
The female builds a nest of small twigs, lichen and moss, and lines the nest with feathers and hair.
The nest is bound with spider silk and sap. The female Anna's Hummingbird raises her young alone.
The Anna's male performs a courtship display dive which reaches 60 mph at the bottom of the dive.
I have never successfully captured a clean image of this dive as it is impossible to track the bird.
her pleasure with a blink, and the male mounts her and consummates the relationship.
The entire sequence occurs quite rapidly, and the denouement takes two seconds.
It is rare to see the actual mating sequence, and it is difficult to capture images.
Click for a 1500 x 1200 version.
A young House Sparrow indulging in a Southern California pastime: surfing... looks like fun.


ARPHA offers a number of options for publishing conference proceedings and abstracts either through institutional or conference platforms hosted on ARPHA or as a part of one of the existing ARPHA solutions.
Publication of a special conference proceedings issue within a thematic journal hosted on the platform, see list.
Featuring your collection as an open access book through the ARPHA Advanced Books platform or within the customer's personal book platform hosted on the ARPHA Open Access Books module.
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Stand-alone, individually designed, either proceedings or conference abstracts (or mixture of both) institutional/conference platforms.


Landslides are a natural geologic process in the steep forestlands of Western Washington. They can play an important role in delivering wood and gravel to streams, to create high quality stream habitat for fish. With the Forests & Fish Law,foresters have taken important steps to include protection of potentially unstable slopes in their timber harvest designs, to prevent timber harvest and road construction activities from increasing the natural rate of landslides.
Using modern scientific methods, private forest landowners have developed ways to identify areas of greatest risk and avoid timber harvest in these areas. Landslides are detrimental to private forest landowners, resulting in lost trees and damage to property. Forest landowners have a vested interest in preventing landslides. When a private forest landowner applies for a permit to harvest trees or build roads, a rigorous screening process is conducted before the permit is granted. The rules specifically address the issue of landslide control—with a goal of not increasing the natural background rate of landslides as a result of forest practices.
Private forest landowners and the Department of Natural Resources work with highly skilled geologists who utilize a suite of tools to determine landslide-prone areas prior to receiving a Forest Practice Application. These tools include in-field surveys, mapping, air photos, Landslide Hazard Zonation, risk modeling and other technologies. Where mapping technology show high risk, a field investigation is conducted and a geotechnical report is prepared by state licensed geologists who report their findings to the landowner and the Department of Natural Resources.
Forest landowners avoid increasing the natural rate of landslides during forestry harvest operations by avoiding potentially unstable slopes across the landscape, identified by the State's rules on landform characteristics. When an area is deemed unstable, the default action on the part of the forest landowners is to avoid the area. This differs from other land uses—such as urban development—where zoning rules seek to mitigate (not avoid) landslide risk by stabilizing steep slopes through drainage, retaining walls and bulkheads. Learn more.
As with all forest practices, forest landowners look to the latest science to guide their actions in attempting to limit the rate of landslides. Several studies have been conducted on this topic and the industry will guide future changes to forest practices based on the outcomes of the research.
The Forest Service Pacific Northwest Research Station recently compiled over 30 years of research into a study, and found that the impact effects of forest harvest on flooding in the Pacific Northwest is relatively minor in comparison to other man-made changes to streams and watersheds. The impact of forest harvest in the Pacific Northwest on flooding is substantially less than that of dams, urbanization, and other direct modification of channels. Experts have found connections between flooding and landslides. Given the fact forest practices have minor effects on flooding, the same practices are helping to prevent landslides.
Currently the Department of Natural Resources' CMER (Cooperative Monitoring, Evaluation and Research Committee) is studying the effectiveness of Forest Practices Rules at limiting landslides from forest practices by analyzing storm-related landslides.
An unusually powerful storm in early December of 2007 caused record flooding and thousands of landslides across southwest Washington and northwest Oregon, provided a rare opportunity to examine the effects of both natural factors and forest management practices on landslide density. Recently peer-reviewed research conducted by the Weyerhaeuser Company is expected to complement the CMER study that is now nearing completion. It provides information on the relationship between landslide rates and intensities to precipitation, age and topography. The results of this scientific process will be to make recommendations to the policy makers for final consideration before the Forest Practices Board.


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Grand Prix Abu Zabi 2012 (oficjalnie 2012 Formula 1 Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix) – osiemnasta runda Mistrzostw Świata Formuły 1 w sezonie 2012.

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text:
State of NW business – Germantown
One glance at the Business section of any daily newspaper shows unemployment isn't the only casualty in the economic downturn. Existing businesses, big and small, are suffering too; shuttering their windows or merging to stay alive, while new businesses struggle to find capital to get off the ground. Nowhere is this trend more worrisome than in small "downtown" economies.
Communities such as Germantown, Chestnut Hill and Manayunk have encountered this problem like most other small towns, and each has devised ways to tackle it head-on.
Thinking green
Germantown is attempting to revitalize its historic business district, which has been struggling for much longer than the recent recession.
John Churchville, president of the Greater Germantown Business Association (GGBA), sees "green" when he thinks about the future of business in Germantown.
"We encourage the businesses to think 'futuristically'," said Churchville.
At a time when businesses are being hit by the one-two punch of decreased sales and rising rates from PGW and PECO, no money-saving measure is too small.
Churchville and other members of the GGBA have been looking into ways to make Germantown more environmentally advanced. At the group's monthly meetings, Churchville tells members to think about painting their roofs white and to place potted plants outside their businesses. Churchville asserts that this would not only attract more customers, but it would also keep merchants' energy costs down.
Service pays
Despite the economic climate, some businesses are getting it right. LeRoi Simmons has maintained LeRoi and Cinzia Simmons Beauty Salon, which he has run with his wife, Cinzia, for the last 31 years. Simmons says that the salon has seen a slight drop in profit during the last year, but that customers remain loyal through these tough times.
"Folks haven't cut the services," Simmons said. "Hair is not viewed as a luxury."
In the salon on a breezy Saturday afternoon, Zimbeana Powell and Yvonne Baines, two longtime clients, chat while stylist Rhonda Mitchell maintains Powell's dreadlocks. Meanwhile, Cinzia Simmons walks across the room with a mug of tea. It is for another client reclining under a blow dryer. It's this type of service, providing a warmth and personal touch that has made the salon successful.
"We reinvest into the business, we are nice to customers," asserted Simmons, noting that, after all "some have been coming for 30 years."
Not one for idleness, Simmons is also the volunteer executive director of the Central Germantown Council. This conduit for project development aid in the region has been struggling, with recent budget cuts at 70%. Simmons is frustrated.
"Everyone is on their own now," he said. "The cost of doing business, we're in a broke city, in a broke state, in a broke country," Simmons continued, in reference to the tax hikes and the rising costs of energy, water, and insurance.
Sean Brennan, a CPA located in Germantown, feels that same frustration. He says that while Mayor Michael Nutter may be declaring that business in Philadelphia is improving, Germantown has yet to feel the benefits. Flash mobs, crime, and nuisance businesses plague the business district, making it difficult for merchants to stay afloat.
Building on the bedrock: History…
While many merchants are growing weary of the ebb and flow of a depressed and uncertain economy, Brennan and others remain optimistic.
"There's a bedrock here that they can build on," Brennan said, referring to Germantown's unique historic district.
David Young, executive director of the national historic site Cliveden, has called Germantown "the most historical neighborhood in the country." In addition to its 15 recognized historic sites, Germantown is filled with old homes just waiting to be added to the National Historic Register by loving homeowners.
Recently, efforts by some of these historic sites, the city planing department and the two year old non-profit Germantown Community Connection have started to weave some of Germantown's long known strengths into the beginnings of a cohesive business strategy meant to guide the community over the next few decades.
A planning grant from the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission has created the resident run Germantown Classic Town committee of GCC, which is tasked with marketing the community to new residents from across the region, who might be looking for a vibrant urban center with history, character and room to grow.
And art
In addition, Classic Towns has been tapping another old strength of the neighborhood for marketing ideas – its tradition in the arts.
The proposed Germantown art district would run between Wayne and Germantown avenues from Wayne Junction to Johnson Street and it would be all about creating a cohesive center for the craftspeople and artists that make Germantown their working home. David Hamme, who chairs the Classic Town committee, thinks the effort could eventually transform Germantown into a regional center for the arts.
To get the ball rolling, GCC and the First Presbyterian Church in Germantown are hosting an "arts community roundtable" Feb. 24 from 7 to 8:30 p.m. It's an open invitation to artists and creative types for their input on how to build the arts scene in the neighborhood so that it promotes not just arts, but economic stability as well.
For more information on the arts roundtable contact Reverend Kevin Porter 215-518-1675 or email: KvPrt@aol.com. Or contact Dr. Vivian Nix-Early 215-842-0248 or email: vnixearl@gmail.com.


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Die Astronomische Gesellschaft in der Metropolregion Nürnberg e.V. (AGN) ist ein Zusammenschluss von Freunden und Förderern der Astronomie in der Region Nürnberg. Der Verein wurde 2004 als Nürnberger Astronomische Gesellschaft (NAG) gegründet und 2020 umbenannt.

Aufgaben und Ziele
Zu den vornehmlichen Aufgaben der AGN gehört die Bewahrung und Fortsetzung der jahrhundertealten astronomisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Tradition in der Region Nürnberg. Die Astronomie als Wissenschaft und als kulturell gestaltende Kraft ist in vielfältiger Form in der Metropolregion Nürnberg sichtbar. Bedeutende Instrumentenbauer und Gelehrte der deutschen und europäischen Wissenschaftsgeschichte lebten und wirkten hier, sodass die Verbreitung eines gewichtigen Teils unseres modernen Weltbildes ihren Ursprung in der Region Nürnberg hat.

Die Arbeit der AGN liegt schwerpunktmäßig in der Förderung astronomischer Einrichtungen und Gruppen der Breitenbildung im Raum Nürnberg. Sie ist in der Lobby- und Verbandsarbeit, also dem "atmosphärischen Marketing" und der Suche nach Förderern aktiv. Das Ziel ist, die Astronomie und verwandte Themen im Raum Nürnberg bekannt zu machen und in den Blickpunkt der Öffentlichkeit zu rücken. Deswegen beteiligt sich die AGN an der Organisation von öffentlichen Vorträgen und der Ausrichtung von Kongressen, die nicht nur eine fachastronomische Ausrichtung haben.

Um die Ziele der AGN auch finanziell besser verwirklichen zu können, vergibt die Gesellschaft seit 6. November 2008 Sternpatenschaften.

Neben natürlichen Personen sind in der AGN auch Schulen und andere Vereine Mitglied.

Projekte

Astronomie- und Sonnenuhrenweg
Aus Anlass des Internationalen Jahrs der Astronomie wurden 2009 der Astronomieweg und der Sonnenuhrenweg durch Nürnberg von der "AG Astronomiegeschichte" der damaligen Nürnberger Astronomischen Gesellschaft e. V. eingerichtet.

Der Astronomieweg führt vom Rathenauplatz ausgehend über 25 Stationen durch die Nürnberger Innenstadt. Der Sonnenuhrenweg führt vom Johannisfriedhof ausgehend über 19 Stationen an den schönsten Sonnenuhren der Nürnberger Innenstadt vorbei.

Gedenken an Georg Christoph Eimmart

Gedenksäule
Am 25. Mai 2007 übergab die Nürnberger Astronomische Gesellschaft e. V. eine Gedenksäule für Georg Christoph Eimmart und seine Sternwarte an den Freistaat Bayern und die Bürgerschaft der Stadt Nürnberg. Die Säule ist am Ort der ehemaligen Sternwarte, auf der Vestnertorbastei der Nürnberger Kaiserburg errichtet. Der Festvortrag anlässlich der Enthüllung und Übergabe wurde von Oscar Schneider zum Thema "Nürnbergs Beitrag zum Weltbild der Neuzeit" gehalten.

Die Hauptelemente der Gedenksäule sind:
 die Rundsäulen als Hauptkörper
 der Instrumentenaufbau
 die Tierkreis-Rosette am Sockel

Die Gedenksäule zeigt viele symbolhafte Anspielungen, die den Bezug zur Astronomie und der Himmelsbeobachtung herstellen. Die Rundsäule steht zusammen mit den oben austretenden Zylindern für die Größenentwicklung von Teleskopen in öffentlichen Sternwarten. Ausgehend von 20 cm der Ära Eimmart, bis hin zu den 60 cm der Hauptsäule, welches dem Spiegeldurchmesser des Hauptgerätes der Nürnberger Regiomontanus-Sternwarte entspricht. Die einzelnen Zylinder sind in einem Winkel von 23,5 Grad zur Horizontalen angeschnitten, was die Schiefe der Ekliptik widerspiegelt. Die Ekliptik wird auch in der stilisierten Armillarsphäre, welche den Instrumentenaufbau krönt, aufgegriffen. Die Armillarsphäre zieht als geozentrisches Weltbild zusammen mit der blauen Glaskugel in der Mitte, die als Symbol für die Erde steht, den Bogen von mittelalterlicher Geozentrik hin zu moderner Weltöffnung. Auch die Tierkreis-Rosette am Sockel der Säule zeigt den Grundgedanken der Säule als Brücke zwischen mittelalterlichem Weltbild hin zur Moderne auf.

Sternwartenmodell
Im Kaiserburgmuseum, einer Zweigniederlassung des Germanischen Nationalmuseums, ist ein Modell der Eimmart-Sternwarte ausgestellt, welches von der AGN als Leihgabe zur Verfügung gestellt wird.

Das Modell zeigt die Sternwarte um etwa 1740 und orientiert sich in der Darstellung an der Abbildung im "Neuen Himmelsatlas" von Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr sowie den "Nürnbergische Prospecten" von Johann Adam Delsenbach. Details der Geräte stützen sich auf einen Kupferstich, beigebunden Glasers Brief an Martin Knorre von 1691.

Internationales Jahr der Astronomie 2009
Die "AG Internationales Jahr der Astronomie 2009" der Nürnberger Astronomischen Gesellschaft diente als Ansprechpartner für alle Belange des IYA 2009 für die Metropolregion Nürnberg. Es wurden in enger Abstimmung mit dem Vertreter für Nordbayern, Ulrich Heber von der Dr.-Remeis-Sternwarte in Bamberg, überörtlich Aktionen gesammelt und koordiniert.

Hierzu gab es folgende Höhepunkte in der Europäischen Metropolregion Nürnberg:
 Auftaktveranstaltung
 Wanderausstellung "Astronomie in der Metropolregion Nürnberg - Geschichte, Forschung und Volkssternwarten"
 Planetariumsshow "Augen im All – Vorstoß ins unsichtbare Universum"
 100 Stunden Astronomie
 40 Jahre Mondlandungen
 SCIENCE-Fiction: Die KeplerKonferenz

Arno-Penzias-Radioteleskop
Am 26. April 2019 übergab die Gesellschaft das von ihr neu errichtete 3-m-Radioteleskop auf der Regiomontanus-Sternwarte in Nürnberg der Öffentlichkeit. In Anwesenheit des  bayerischen Ministerpräsidenten Dr. Markus Söder wurde das Teleskop auf den Namen Arno-Penzias-Radioteleskop "getauft", um sowohl an die herausragenden wissenschaftlichen Verdienste des Nobelpreisträgers Arno Penzias als auch an sein in der Kindheit erlittenes Schicksal zu erinnern. Der Hauptzweck des Arno-Penzias-Radioteleskops ist die astronomische Breitenbildung.

Verdienstmedaille
Die AGN verleiht die Verdienstmedaille "BENE MERENTI DE ASTRONOMIA NORIMBERGENSI" in den Stufen I (Gold) und II (Silber) mit Würdigungsurkunde an Personen, die für ihre außerordentlichen Leistungen auf dem Gebiet der Astronomie ausgezeichnet werden sollen. Das erste Mal wurde die Medaille am 22. Februar 2006 im Planetarium Nürnberg verliehen.

Träger:
 Hans Gaab (Silber), verliehen am 22. Februar 2006 für seine Arbeiten zu wichtigen Persönlichkeiten der Astronomiegeschichte in der Region Nürnberg
 Wolf Broda (Silber), verliehen am 6. November 2008 für sein Buch "Astronomischer Berechnungs-Cocktail: ein ABC der Himmelsmechanik", in dem er auch den weniger fachkundigen Lesern astronomische Berechnungsmethoden nachvollziehbar aufbereitet sowie für seine Verdienste um die Weiterentwicklung der Regiomontanus-Sternwarte in Nürnberg.
 Harald Lesch (Gold), verliehen am 27. Januar 2009 für seine Verdienste als einer der bedeutendsten Wissenschaftsmultiplikatoren Deutschlands.
 Oscar Schneider (Gold), verliehen am 25. Mai 2011 für seine Verdienste bei der Unterstützung astronomischer Einrichtungen und Institutionen sowie die Verbreitung astronomischen Wissens.

Internetportal
Die AGN informiert auf dem Portal "Astronomie in Nürnberg" über Einrichtungen und Vereine sowie deren Termine mit astronomischem Bezug im Großraum Nürnberg. Ferner finden sich Informationen zur Geschichte der Astronomie in Nürnberg. Darunter über 450 Steckbriefe von Nürnberger Astronomen und Rechenmeistern, eine thematische Übersicht zu verschiedenen Bereichen und eine chronologische Tabelle zur Astronomiegeschichte Nürnbergs.

Mitteilungsblatt
Das Mitteilungsblatt der AGN (bzw. vormals der NAG) ist seit der Ausgabe 1/2005 der Regiomontanusbote. Diese Zeitschrift wird zusammen mit der Nürnberger Astronomischen Arbeitsgemeinschaft e. V herausgegeben. Sie informiert über aktuelle Angelegenheiten beider Vereine sowie aktuelle astronomische Ereignisse und Ergebnisse aus der Forschung.

Weblinks
 Nürnberger Astronomische Gesellschaft e. V.

Einzelnachweise

Astronomische Gesellschaft
Bildung und Forschung in Nürnberg
Verein (Nürnberg)
Gegründet 2004
Amateurastronomie
Astronomische Organisation (Deutschland)


General Description If you are looking for budget accommodation in Melbourne that offers a laid-back atmosphere, then look no further than the irresistible Nomads All Nations Hostel. This friendly property is located in a great spot, convenient for the Melbourne CBD and between Southern Cross Station, the Yarra River and the Southbank. Whether you are a backpacker looking for cheap accommodation rates or you are travelling with friends and don't want to pay over-the odds for a pricey Melbourne hotel, then this is the perfect solution. Boasting terrific views and a fun, chilled-out ambience, this Melbourne hostel is sure to win a place in your heart. From the moment you arrive at the property, you will understand why it is such a popular choice for young and independent travellers. The enthusiastic staff invite you to make yourself at home with the on-site amenities, including the funky bar and well-stocked travel shop, whilst the laundry and Backpacker Work Centre provide you with useful tools to make your stay as rewarding as possible. This friendly hostel also boasts a lively calendar of entertainment, including sword swallowers and Pinatas, and is in the optimum spot to enjoy all the local attractions and events around the city. This communal, inclusive and above all great value hostel is somewhere you won't want to leave! Hotel RatingAAA Tourism Pty Ltd lists the official STAR Rating as Yet To Be Rated. For the benefit of our customers, we have provided a rating based on our rating system.


Photo caption "double bed with wardrobes and balcony"
Photo caption "big living room and kitchen"
Photo caption "Almyrida sandy beach"
Photo caption "comfortable kitchen to prepare your meals"
Prices are for the property per week in euros. Rates are tax inclusive, per property in euros and include maid service change towels and linen are changed 2-3 times per week.
Room service, use of the internet, massage and aromatherapy sessions are offered on request and induce additional charges.
Your £100 bond is fully refundable upon your return to the UK if there have been no breakages.
The above rates apply to 2 of our 3 villas. These are VILLA GIG 2 & VILLA GIG 3. The latest & newly completed villa (VILLA GIG 5) is +£50 per week for all dates. PLEASE CONTACT US DIRECTLY FOR AVAILABILITY AS WE HAVE 3 VILLAS AVAILABLE WHICH CANNOT BE SHOWN ON THE ONE AVAILABILITY CALENDAR.
Photo caption "Rear Patio & Pool"
Photo caption "An Almirida Beach Restaurant"
Photo caption "Villa Gig 2"
Photo caption "Mountain Views from the Balcony"
Photo caption "Villa Gig 3"
Reductions for stays of more than 15days.
Photo caption "WI FI patio"
Photo caption "one of the bathrooms"
Photo caption "veiw of Elounda"
Photo caption "east front of house"
Photo caption "veiw from the kitchen"
Photo caption "veiw from outside"
Photo caption "sunrise over the bay"


The Lookout Lodge near Wanaka was the perfect setting for Susan and Bryce's wedding, with the most stunning backdrop for the ceremony, and a very nice reception venue. It was a day full of love and a lot of laughs! Susan and Bryce created a beautiful and intimate family-based wedding - it was a lovely day which we were lucky to be part of. The location was just so peaceful and inviting... and Wanaka was ridiculously hot.
Susan and her Bridesmaids, Jenna and Kat, got ready at the lodge itself. They all looked amazing, and Susan was lucky to have bridesmaids to keep her so perfectly calm and gorgeous!! I won't write too much more (I've been at this computer all day, and I won't stop blabbering if I start!)... so will let the images do the talking!
And some details... always love pretty bridal things!
Susan literally had to step out of her room and she was at the beginning of the aisle to Bryce, so she was able to have a quick wee peek at her husband-to-be standing out on the lawn very nervously when he arrived!!
Love this! Cute grandparents watching on eagerly!
Despite it being an absolutel pearler of a day, the wind still decided to have a bit of a battle with her veil! Susan just laughed all day long though... nothing was a problem at all!
And that scenery couldn't get much better!
Reeeeow! You look amazing Susan!!
Two year old Isla flew over from Australia the day before the wedding, and she was the sweetest little flowergirl!! She was very serious all day, until we reached this one location, where the wee poppet couldn't stop smiling!! Maybe the jetlag finally wore off?!
Blowing bubbles never gets old.
Gorgeous photos Kim - they are so beautiful, well done! And Susan, you made Kim's job easy, you look so amazing and it looks like you had an incredibly special day with your loved ones, congratualtions!


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Home/news/Boy Kills a 13 year minor to get arrested so that he could skip Studies
Boy Kills a 13 year minor to get arrested so that he could skip Studies
JhangirAugust 23, 2022
Boy Kills minor to get arrested to skip Studies
Ghaziabad, Aug 23: In a shocking incident reported from Ghaziabad, a minor boy strangled a thirteen year old boy to death to get arrested so that he could skip studies, India Today reported.
The body of the deceased was found on a slab near the Meerut Expressway
A 16-year-old boy has been taken into custody by the police for killing a boy, identified as Neeraj, who used to live in the Akash Nagar area of Ghaziabad.
The father of the deceased, identified as Vinod, revealed that the accused befriended his son a few days ago and used to spend time with him. On Monday afternoon, he took Neeraj for a walk and killed him.
The accused strangled the minor boy and slit his throat with a beer bottle.
Upon interrogation, the accused revealed that the boy was weak in his studies and in order to escape it, he killed the minor so that he could get behind bars.
The police are currently investigating the matter.
Drugs for to fall in LOVE // MDMA read here


text:
It is known that work in the United States is very plentiful. There are many different work sectors and options for work in different states of the USA.There is work for everyone, no matter a person's work ethic, work history, work schedule, or work availability. It has been said that work in the USA has a "low barrier to entry." Even migrants who have had very little work experience or who don't speak English well can find work in America.
Although there is work available for immigrants in the United States, there are work restrictions for immigrants who have not been granted work permits and work visas.
Work permits are work eligibility documents that are granted to immigrants who have entered the United States without work visas. Work visas are work permissions that are given to immigrants who have been granted work permits by the U.S. government after being approved for work status, which can be done through employment-based sponsorship or other work categories available to individuals outside of the United States.
It is possible for work in America to be granted and work permits and work visas to be obtained without work visas if the employment in which the immigrant will work doesn't require work visas.
Here are the best jobs of 2021:
Physician Assistant.
Software Developer.
Nurse Practitioner.
Medical and Health Services Manager.
How to get a job in The USA
There are diverse work opportunities in the USA. For immigrants, work permits may apply if they already always work for different employers or companies. People who work independently can also work but must follow rules and laws of work.
If immigrants work for themselves or work independently, they must be aware of work laws. USA work permits are issued depending on the situation of each immigrant.
There are specific steps to follow when getting a work permit in The USA. This article will list all the necessary steps that immigrant workers need to know. Please read carefully and remember that every single step
Jobs for Immigrants in The USA
Working in the USA can be a great opportunity and, for some, a dream come true. This work may be temporary work or permanent work. However, work of any type is not easy to find if it is not known where to look or how to go about finding work. There are many jobs for immigrants in the USA and this article will take a look at work for immigrants in The USA.
There are many work opportunities in The USA that do not require work visas or work permits, jobs that require work visas will be discussed briefly as well. Note that having proof of citizenship is helpful to have when applying for work but it is not required. Many work opportunities in the USA are centered around industrial work with several work visas being issued to industrial workers. Jobs for immigrants in The USA range from work as a miner, factory worker, farm worker, cook, and so on. There is work for everyone in The USA but many jobs require physical work which can be difficult for those work immigrants who are not physically able to work.
Best paying jobs in the USA
Until recently it was nearly a consensus that Hi-Tech companies had the highest paying positions in the American job market. However, in recent years, it has become clear that the leading paying positions in the country have been leaning towards the Health Services industry, with the Hi-Tech industry only having 3 positions in the top 10.
According to a 2019 study, the top 5 highest paying jobs in the U.S. were: Physician, Pharmacy Manager, Dentist, Pharmacist, and Enterprise Architect. Entering 2020, the trend seems to be shifting even further into the Health Services industry.
This trend is due to the immense demand for professional health care specialists in the country, over the last few years. Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) was enacted in 2010, an increasing number of individuals have been able to afford health care, as well as the rising population of the elderly in the county, all made this field full of opportunities and in high demand.
Naturally, this also means that foreigners and immigrants who already possess the skill and knowledge in this field, are also quite needed. This is not to say that immigrants cannot find positions in other industries; the U.S. market is thriving in many aspects, and there's a place for every individual.
Think about immigrating to the United States, but you're unsure where to start? Worried that it's too complicated or time-consuming for someone without experience in immigration law? RelocateLtd connects you with an expert consultant who will guide you through everything. We'll help find a suitable job according to your qualifications and give one-on-one mentorship sessions, all while taking care of the legal side of things!
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