Torsion springs are designed to last for about 10,000 cycles, or about 10-12 years of normal use. After that, you are just waiting for an accident to happen. When a torsion spring breaks, you will often hear a loud cracking or pinging sound, but you may not notice it at all. You may simply notice that your garage door opens and closes much slower than before.
Torsion springs are the kind wound-up on a rod above the garage door opening. There are pairs of them, one on each side of the center of the door. When one breaks the other often follows. To save the cost of another service call, it's always a good idea to have both replaced.
How Do Garage Door Springs Break?
Your extra-heavy garage door can be raised and lowered thanks to the power stored inside of springs. If your spring is located just behind the door, it begins to work as soon as the door is raised. They hold tension for the duration of the movement and help keep the door in place once it is up. The constant pressure from the door's weight becomes a huge burden for the spring, and it will eventually fail.
If your garage door spring is located in the back of your garage, then it bears a large portion of the weight of the door every time the motor pulls the door up. The spring is pulled and extended every time the door is lowered. In both instances, the strain on the spring is substantial and slowly wears it out.


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Moulay Bouzerktoun is a small town and rural commune in Essaouira Province of the Marrakech-Tensift-Al Haouz region of Morocco. At the time of the 2004 census, the commune had a total population of 5969 people living in 1069 households.

Waves and wind

From spring to fall the waves are said to be exceptional. Many surfers Consider the Moulay waves to be ideal. Moulay Bouzarqtoune has a Northeast trade-wind named 'Charki', which blows throughout the year. It increases speed from mid-March until mid-September, reaching force 7 at times. The wind is less consistent in the Winter.

Services offered in Moulay Bouzarqtoune include windsurfing lessons and equipment rental. One venue called "Magic Fun" is 25 km north of Essaouira and opened in 2007.

References

Populated places in Essaouira Province
Rural communes of Marrakesh-Safi

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
50 Cent Claims Donald Trump Offered Him $500,000 for Campaign Appearance
By Alex Ungerman 5:00 PM PDT, September 28, 2017
L: Astrid Stawiarz/Getty Images for BET Networks, R: Alex Wong/Getty Images
According to 50 Cent, the Trump campaign was willing to pay big money to court the "African American vote."
The "In Da Club" rapper went on NYC's Hot 97 on Tuesday to promote his new BET sketch comedy series, 50 Central, and claimed that while Donald Trump was running for president, 50 was offered $500,000 to make an appearance for the campaign.
"Before he got elected, they were having issues with the African American vote. They wanted to pay me $500,000 as part of the campaign to just make an appearance," 50 claimed to the radio hosts. "I'm not gonna do that. That's not worth it."
MORE: Watch Eminem Rap One of 50 Cent's '8 Mile' Verses for His Birthday!
During the discussion, 50 offered his thoughts on how Trump's controversial presidency has gone so far, noting that it will likely be explored in some way on the comedy show.
"It's so current that you'll probably see something," he said. "His presidency is an accident. If you were a president by accident, you might do some of the things Donald Trump is doing."
Watch the interview below (he starts talking Trump about 34 minutes in):
50 Central premieres Thursday at 10:30 p.m. ET/PT on BET.
Meanwhile, 50 is not the only artist speaking out about Trump. Earlier this summer, singer Clay Aiken apologized for defending Trump in the past, following the commander-in-chief's controversial response to the Charlottesville protests.
Watch the video below for more.
Clay Aiken Apologizes for Defending Donald Trump: 'I Just Didn't Think He Was Racist'
Celebs Attend Women's Marches Across America

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Disclosure: The Vape Pods which we review on this website are tested by our trained, paid staff. As part of the review, VapingDaily.com links directly to the product or brands so that you may purchase directly from the provider. We receive commissions from these providers, however, this does not affect the price you pay, and the commissions we earn help us pay for the costs of running this website. Thank you.
Phix pod vapes are the future of vapes as they are lightweight, small and easy to operate. Vapers get to vape without all the trouble of buying and refilling vape juice. You also enjoy vaping using a more attractive device. To top this off, you can get it at amazingly cheap prices.
Phix pods are stylish vape devices that are easy to use and highly portable. The pre-installed pod that holds the juice in the mod that is 5% nicotine.
Each phix cartridge gives vapers around 400-440 puffs that are quite satisfying for a vaper. The smooth ceramic finish of the pod makes it pleasing to touch. The phix pods are available at affordable prices. You can also buy a full set of 4 pods at $72.99 which makes the deal more attractive.
Tobacco phix pods – The tobacco flavor is rich but does not overwhelm the vaper. It comes in all starter kits. Tobacco lovers will love this flavor as it is authentic.
Butterscotch tobacco phix pods – Tobacco has a raw flavor but also contains hints of vanilla. This unusual and tempting flavor is an acquired taste.
Strawberry phix pods – When it comes to flavors, this one is the most pronounced. If you are looking for a strong sweet flavor, then this one is your go-to flavor.
Phix spearmint pods – There is nothing better than having fresh minty breath after every vape. The phix pod spearmint flavor will leave a crisp minty aftertaste in your mouth. The flavor is not overwhelming and has a cooling effect on your throat and mouth.
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Everything in the package is impressive. Like any impressive product, their packaging does not disappoint. Here is what you get in the box once you receive your phix pod system.
A possible side effect of the Phix pod is nicotine poisoning. The 5% nicotine in each pod might be too high for some vapers. If you experience any symptoms of nicotine poisoning, you need to contact your physician and get treated. You might also need to cut down on your nicotine consumption.
1. Are phix pods refillable?
Yes. Phix pods are refillable.
2. How can you refill phix pods?
Use a screwdriver to remove the metal cap located at the bottom of the pod. Be careful so as not to cause too much damage.
Remove the coil deck and put it aside.
Inside the pod, you will see the chimney surrounded by a cotton layer. Use the screwdriver to lift the cotton and expose one of the wicking holes.
Use a syringe to fill the exposed wicking hole directly but leave some air to avoid flooding.
Fold the cotton back and reinstall the coil deck.
Fix any bends you created before putting back the metal cap.
After assembling, you can hold a piece of paper towel under the pod and blow into the drip tip so as to get rid of excessive juice.
In addition to their elegant design, phix pods have changed the vaping world and you can be part of the revolution. Get yourself one and experiment with new flavors. Getting a single pod at 19.99 and a set of four pods hat 72.99 makes them more attractive. These pods are perfect choice for novators and nostalgy-oriented people. As they resembles the most realistics flavour feelings: from vanilla to menthol tobacco that replicate a menthol cigarette. What to experience something new — do not hesitate to try the variety of flavours by phix.
From Luscious Apple to Banana Cannon, VanGo Vapes has the e-liquid market cornered when it comes to delicious, specialty flavors and nic salts.
Vape wild ejuice is known for its quality, and now brand offers more top-rated devices and liquids on their website. Find out more.
Nicotine salts are the hottest thing in vaping, but they remain a mystery to some, read on for a brief look at this new type of e-liquid.
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The MLV Phix is the latest pod mod from MLV that features a slick, stealthy design that includes a specially formulated juice. Read our review here.


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The New Sony A9 Is Fast, Quiet and… Fast
It's up to 20 times faster than previous Sony full-frame sensors.
By Eric Adams
Sony Imaging recently surpassed Nikon as the number-two interchangeable-lens-camera manufacturer, behind Canon. Today, the company just announced the A9 mirrorless camera, which will likely continue that trajectory. The new system boosts performance well beyond Sony's current flagship, the A7RII ($2,898), with a slew of features and performance enhancements that should pique the curiosity of professional shooters and advanced amateurs alike.
First, there's a new sensor, a 35mm full-frame stacked Exmore RS CMOS, is notable for its higher-speed data processing: up to 20 times faster than previous Sony full-frame sensors. The 24.2MP CMOS remains back-illuminated to enhance light capture and includes the same five-axis sensor stabilization that makes the A7 series so capable and which handily works with whatever lens you've attached.
Shooting has been improved with 20 fps continuous shooting, 693-point phase-detection focusing (which covers 90 percent of the frame), and exposure speeds of up to 1/32,000 of a second (whereas previous Alpha mirrorless cameras topped out at 1/8,000). Perhaps the most impactful feature is the enhanced silent shooting, increasingly valued by photographers wishing not to draw attention to their camera, disrupt quiet events or distract their subjects.
Yeah, there are a lot of focus points.
Other features include blackout-free shooting, which means there's no flicker in the viewfinder while you shoot, allowing you to keep your eye on the subject; a brighter and higher-resolution electronic viewfinder; and double-capacity batteries, which will appease a lot of Sony mirrorless fans who've groused about battery life for years.
Sony also debuted the newest addition to its full-frame G-Master lens series. The 100–400mm F4.5–5.6 Super Telephoto deploys two motors for fast, linear focusing and more precise and quiet operation. It focuses down to just 3.2 feet, which is rare for a lens of this size, thus opening lots of additional creative potential for that reason alone.
The A9 body will be available next month for $4,500, and the lens later this month for $2,500. Check that bank balance.
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The Sony RX100 VI Is a Super Fast Compact Camera with Super Zoom


Looks like we've added a couple more team's to the line up that's nice was getting tired of Go-On, Shinken, & Gosei. Also do we have a Buredoran spoiler in the Dice-O promo?
Always like seeing the combing mech toys those are my favorites. Interesting seeing abit of a Changeman reference with the background dragon in the Super Goseiger's ad.
You know I never really noticed that the five headers on Gosei Ultimate form a face until they pointed it out in the demonstration, guess in the series your not really paying attention to it all that much except when they launch their final attack.


Click on for the full set of images of these forthcoming legends.
Reebok Classics Spring 2013 – NEW ERS RUNNERS!!
These are a pretty exciting set of shoes, the ERS tubes remind me of the Adidas Handball (though in their case, they had 5 removable plugs).
Great stuff Reebok – can't wait to pick these up from stores!
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You are not always sitting at rest. Sometimes you are running, walking, playing, doing physical labor, and doing many other activities. From the perspective of your body, this is all EXTRA work over and above the work your body must do when you are resting. When you are active, your metabolic rate moves up above your resting level because you are burning more calories. Some of the work your body does is very subtle and you are hardly aware of it. When you are too hot or too cold, your body has to do work to warm you or cool you. So temperature control causes your metabolic rate to increase. When you eat food, your body does work so your metabolic rate increases. When you digest food your metabolic rate increases as you digest and absorb food. At the end of the day, your total calories burned are determined by your resting metabolism (your RMR) PLUS all of the calories your body burns to do the extra work you performed throughout the entire day.
Your Total Daily Energy Expenditure covers the total number of calories you need for the entire day.
If you are a chronic dieter – and these days the majority of people are chronic dieters (whether they realize it or not) – you need to know why restricting calories too severely is damaging to your body and counterproductive. If you feel like you are restricting calories but not losing weight, the information in this three part article series will help you understand why restricting calories below your resting metabolic rate (RMR) can actually work against you. Your body is a complicated "machine" and meeting its needs with high quality "fuel" is important for health and performance. The quality of the food you provide your body – especially the quality of the calories you eat to meet your RMR – is important to your health.
Restricting calories too severely causes your RMR to decrease. The more severe the restriction, the more drastic the drop in your RMR. Restricting calories too severely is counterproductive because your body will fight back by decreasing RMR. Not only should you avoid restricting calories below your RMR, you should take care to make sure you eat wholesome food to meet your RMR.
Part 2: What happens if you cut your food intake BELOW your RMR?


Now that Summer is ending, it's time for another suspension party in good weather! We'll be holding our next full day suspension party on October 1st, with the first suspensions starting at noon and going all day long.
We are taking reservations to suspend for this party. Email us at phxlifesuspended@gmail.com to reserve your spot, and be sure to include the time you'd like to suspend. The sooner you reserve your spot, the closer you'll get to the time you want to go up!
We will be taking a $50 deposit to secure your spot to suspend. The full cost to suspend is $120, and we will be using Gilson hooks only. The hooks used for the suspension are not for sale. General admission is $5. Come and hang out with us!
We are asking everyone to park vehicles in a nearby commercial parking lot, which is a short walk to/from the party.
The address for the party (as well as parking guidelines) will be updated on the Facebook event page 24 hours before the party starts. The event will be held in Gilbert.


Backgammon is a board game that is played between two players in which they move the pieces according to the number they roll on the dice. The game is won when a player removes all of their own pieces from the board. This game is actually one that offers a lot of room for strategy. This is because the player must choose from the many moves that they can make with their pieces and plan for the possible moves that their opponent may make.
The objective is to move all of one's own checker game pieces past the pieces of the other player and then remove them from the board. The pieces start out scattered and may even be blocked by the opponent's pieces. Playing time is short and is frequently played in matches. It is the one who reaches a certain number of points first that wins the game.
Now, when we start speaking strategy, there is a plethora of strategies out there relating to backgammon. A common strategy is to not get stuck in a stand-off or trapped by the opponent's checker pieces. Something such as a "running game," which is a strategy of you moving as quick as you can around the board. This strategy works well if you are already ahead in the race. If this strategy is unsuccessful, one may want to go for a "holding game" in order to maintain control of a certain point on the opponent's side of the board. It is possible for a running game to take place after this point.
So there you have some basics regarding backgammon and the purpose of some of the many strategies. Backgammon can be a really fun game and since control of the board is in the player's hands more so than with other board games used in casinos, the odds of winning are that much better.


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Die Große Petersgrube ist eine Straße in der Lübecker Altstadt. Sie ist Bestandteil des Weltkulturerbes.

Verlauf
Die Große Petersgrube im Marien Quartier ist eine Rippenstraße, die an der Petrikirche von der Schmiedestraße abzweigt und zum alten Lübecker Binnenhafen An der Obertrave vom Lübecker Sander herabführt.

Geschichte
Die Große Petergrube wurde erstmals 1285 lateinisch als fossa sancti Petri urkundlich erwähnt. Ab 1383 niederdeutsch Petersgrove und ab 1550 Grote Petergrove genannt trägt sie ihre hochdeutsche Bezeichnung erst seit 1852. Die meisten Grundstücke der Straße werden Ende des 13. Jahrhunderts oder Anfang des 14. Jahrhunderts als bebaut erwähnt. Die Straße gilt als eines der bedeutenden Ensembles der Lübecker Altstadt. Die Fassaden der durchweg repräsentativen Bürgerhäuser spiegeln die gesamte Baugeschichte Lübecks von der Backsteingotik über Backsteinrenaissance, das Barock und Rokoko bis zum Klassizismus der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts wider. Die notwendige städtebauliche Sanierung der Großen Petersgrube wurde Mitte der 1970er Jahre begonnen und um 1985 weitgehend abgeschlossen. Der Baublock 61 zur Depenau hin wurde im westlichen Bereich zur Trave hin zur Musikhochschule Lübeck ausgebaut, die damit heute etwa zwei Drittel des Blocks 61 für ihre Zwecke als Hochschule nutzt. 2008 diente die Große Petersgrube als einer der wichtigen Außendrehorte für die Neuverfilmung der Buddenbrooks.

Nr. 7 und 9
Das backsteingotische Dielenhaus Nr. 7 mit seinem Treppengiebel ist seit der Sanierung 1982 gemeinsam mit dem verputzten barocken Nachbargebäude Nr. 9 ein Studentenwohnheim.

Nr. 11
Das backsteingotische Giebelhaus an der Ecke zur Kleinen Kiesau war seit dem 15. Jahrhundert nachweislich ein Backhaus. Solche Gebäude durften in Lübeck aus Gründen des Brandschutzes nur auf Eckgrundstücken errichtet werden. Im 19. Jahrhundert gehörte es dem Bäckermeister Schabbel, auf den die Stiftung des Schabbelhauses in der Mengstraße zurückgeht. Heute wird das alte Backhaus vom CVJM als Hostel genutzt.

Nrn. 17 und 19

Johann Daniel Jacobj wuchs als Sohn des Lübecker Kaufmanns Daniel Jacobi in der Großen Petersgrube der Lübecker Altstadt auf. Sein Geburtshaus ließ er 1825 abbrechen und von dem dänischen Architekten Joseph Christian Lillie im Stil des Klassizismus neu aufbauen. Mit der modernen Hausnummer 19 steht es heute als Teil des historischen Gebäudekomplexes der Musikhochschule unter Denkmalschutz. Jacobj stellte vor seinem Haus auch die gusseisernen Lübecker Löwen auf, die heute vor dem Holstentor ruhen.

Nr. 23
Der Vorgängerbau dieses 1730 gebauten Hauses mit seiner Rokokofassade fiel den Röderschen Unruhen vom 2. August 1727 zum Opfer. Die Proteste der einfachen Leute richteten sich gegen den rechtzeitig geflüchteten Juristen Joachim Röder (* 1672), der wegen angeblicher Münzmanipulationen in Arrest genommen werden sollte. Das Haus wurde von 1729 bis 1876 als Packhaus genutzt und erst dann wieder als Wohnhaus genutzt.

Nr. 27

Das klassizistische Gebäude wurde von 1783 bis 1912 als Wohnhaus für den zweiten Pastor der Petrikirche genutzt. Das Grundstück wurde 1294 erstmals als bebaut erwähnt. Die Bausubstanz geht auf bis auf die Zeit der Renaissance zurück. Im Inneren befindet sich eine bemalte Holzbalkendecke aus dem Jahr 1760.
Die Gesellschaft zur Beförderung gemeinnütziger Tätigkeit ist Lübecks älteste Bürgerinitiative und wurde von dem Prediger an der Petrikirche und späteren Advokaten Ludwig Suhl (1752–1819) in diesem Hause mit seinen Freunden Christian Adolph Overbeck, Johann Julius Walbaum, Anton Diedrich Gütschow, Gottlieb Nicolaus Stolterfoth, Johann Friedrich Petersen und Nicolaus Heinrich Brehmer am 27. Januar 1789 ins Leben gerufen, zunächst als Literärische Gesellschaft zur wissenschaftlichen Unterhaltung und gegenseitiger Unterrichtung.

Nr. 29

Das repräsentative klassizistische Gebäude Große Petersgrube 29 nimmt fast die ganze Front des Blocks 61 zur Trave hin ein, nur rechts zur Ecke An der Obertrave/Depenau wurde in moderner Architektur das neue Konzertsaalgebäude der Hochschule ergänzt. Dies ist die Fundstelle des Lübecker Münzschatzes, der hier bei den Bauarbeiten gefunden wurde. Die Bebauung geht bis auf das Jahr 1301 zurück, als das Grundstück als Salzhaus genutzt wurde, weil hier die Boote von den Salinen aus Lüneburg und Oldesloe anlegten. Das Gebäude enthält heute noch bemalte Holzbalken aus der Zeit der Renaissance, ist aber ein 1804–1805 entstandener Neubau des dänischen Architekten Joseph Christian Lillie. Ab 1865 befand sich hier die Redaktion der Eisenbahn-Zeitung, deren Schriftzug noch bis zur Übernahme durch die Großhandlung Engel & Mitterhusen in den 1920er Jahren zur Trave hin zu lesen war. Heute steht an dieser Stelle Musikhochschule. Die Dichterin Ida Boy-Ed verlebte in diesem Haus ihre Jugend.

Literatur
 Klaus J. Groth: Weltkulturerbe Lübeck – Denkmalgeschützte Häuser. Über 1000 Porträts der Bauten unter Denkmalschutz in der Altstadt. Nach Straßen alphabetisch gegliedert. Verlag Schmidt-Römhild, Lübeck 1999, ISBN 3-7950-1231-7.

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Straße in Lübeck-Altstadt
Straße in Europa
Weltkulturerbe Lübeck


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Queens Park Rangers close in on Derby ace as they look to strike a deal
By Albert Pearson
Queens Park Rangers are looking to sign Derby County shot-stopper David Marshall, per a report.
Mark Warburton's side are in desperate need of a new goalkeeper. This is due to the recent injury to their second-choice goalkeeper Jordan Archer following their FA Cup win over Rotherham United. The Championship side are also without their regular number one goalkeeper Seny Dieng. This is following his call up to the Senegal international team for the African Cup of Nations.
According to the Mail Online, QPR are close to completing the signature of Marshall.
QPR were previously linked with the likes of Ben Hamer, Kieran Westwood and Freddie Woodman. However, David Marshall looks set to be the new keeper at Loftus Road.
The Scottish international has failed to make a single appearance for Derby this season. The 36-year-old has fallen behind both Kelle Roos and Ryan Allsop in the pecking order.
This has come as somewhat of a surprise as Marshall featured 33 times for the Rams last season. The experienced goalkeeper also featured in all three of Scotland's games during the European Championship last summer.
Derby are still currently under administration for breaking EFL rules. Therefore, it makes sense for Marshall to be released as the club looks to remain financially prudent.
Adama Traore, Dan James and five other wingers who mastered the art of flattering to deceive
QPR sign 19-year-old goalkeeper
Queens Park Rangers have signed 19-year-old Harry Halwax according to Football League World.
Halwax will join up with the club's U-23 side until the end of the season.
The young goalkeeper was with Derby County's youth setup until the expiry of his contract last year. He has also recently spent time in his native Ireland playing for Cabinteely.
He'll be linking up with fellow Irish players at the club, including Jimmy Dunne and Conor Masterson.
READ MORE: EXCLUSIVE: Newcastle join four-way Prem trail for in-form striker who has options in two other leagues
Stuttgart star Silas banned three months for playing under false identity
Transfer news and rumours LIVE: Man City had Kane approach turned down in January
'Being back does not mean being ready' – Wazito FC's Kimanzi concerned ahead of Sofapaka clash
'Your work is shameful' – Zidane snaps at journalist over Real Madrid departure


Ben Jones visits Long Marston to find out how redundant District Line trains are being rebuilt to provide cheaper and greener alternatives to brand new multiple units – and how Vivarail is looking to the future with new methods of propulsion.
SOMEWHERE deep in rural Warwickshire, a former London Underground 'D Stock' driving car stands on a railway siding. Surrounded by dozens of its sisters, mothballed Midland Metro tramcars, ex-Thameslink Class 319s, and redundant freight wagons, it's not much to look at. Then suddenly – silently – it sets off, accelerating quickly and cantering around the test track with no more than a distant electrical whine. No, it's not a runaway, but Vivarail's battery powered D-Train demonstrator – one of several options the company is now developing to power its upcycled trains.
a full-day diagram on a branch line such as Maidenhead to Marlow.
The modular design of the company's traction packages is encouraging it to investigate various methods of propulsion, from diesel-electric 'gensets' to DC or AC electric, hybrids and, in the longer term, hydrogen fuel cells. The single-car battery prototype was developed in just four months, between January and April 2017, in response to the changing demands of train operators. The first production battery train is close to completion and should start its main line trials in April.
Since Vivarail's inception around five years ago, the UK rail market has changed rapidly. The trains were initially envisaged as a way of re-using spare D Stock sets to solve a looming shortage of DMUs, and replace the Class 142-144 'Pacer' railbuses, but are now being offered as a potential 'green' alternative to conventional diesel units for urban and low-density rural routes.
The project is being led by former Chiltern Railways chairman Adrian Shooter and former Wrexham & Shropshire Railway MD Andy Hamilton, plus financial backing from Railroad Development Corporation (RRDC) in the USA, with Vivarail having acquired 228 vehicles from LUL – enough for around 70-75 'D Trains'.
The vehicles have corrosion-free aluminium bodies and relatively new FLEX100 bogies, fitted during a refurbishment programme less than 10 years ago, and are seen as an ideal basis for 'upcycling' to create new main line trains.
The initial offer featured diesel-electric units with two 3.2-litre Ford diesel engine packs per driving car (each powering one bogie), linked to 'gensets' driving DC traction motors.


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On Corinne Bailey Rae's New Album, A Focus On Renewal
By NPR Staff | NPR
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Corinne Bailey Rae's new album, The Heart Speaks in Whispers, focuses on hope and transformation.
Alexandra Valenti / Courtesy of the artist
Corinne Bailey Rae has traveled great distances in her music. The UK singer's self-titled debut album came out 10 years ago; all sunshiny pop, it was a huge hit. Her second album, The Sea took an emotional turn, coming shortly after her husband of seven years died suddenly. Rae was 29.
Now, Rae has released her third album, The Heart Speaks in Whispers. She spoke with NPR's Ari Shapiro about how her latest songs reflect her experiences with loss, transformation and newfound love. You can hear their conversation at the audio link, or read on for an edited version.
Ari Shapiro: Let's talk about the song "Stop Where You Are." You've got this lyric, "Lying in the dark, your seeds will grow / Miracles just like a winter rose."
Corinne Bailey Rae: That song really came about through thinking about nature, and the things that nature tells us. You know, I think that nature has such a powerful message about moving from dark to light, and bitterness to sweetness. I love the idea of the winter rose that's sort of sleeping underneath the soil. Underneath all the snow is this plant that was growing and developing and could present itself as this beautiful flower in this time where everything else around it is very barren.
And like the flower, the song bursts out.
Yeah, I love the way that the song develops. I wanted it to start off really intimate. You know, the song is about how it's really important to be in the moment and be present. I've learned to do it more and more, I guess, as I've just gotten to sort of how rich life can be, and how fragile life can be as well.
What is it that has taught you those lessons? And what is it that pulls you away from the present moment?
I think that I've learned a lot in the last few years about the fragility of life. You know, losing my husband in 2008, that was a completely unexpected thing. And that process of grief and mourning that has taught me a lot about life, and how we never know how long we have. I think that every day should be savored, and so a lot of "Stop Where You Are" comes out of that idea that life is really precious, the people around us are precious, and every single moment is worth celebrating.
This idea of transition from darkness to light, from bitterness to sweetness, seems to come up in song after song on this album — for example, the song "Caramel."
For me, that song was amazing because I felt like so much of it came through in this really subconscious way. I was playing my guitar and that first line, "It isn't love, but pain, that makes you brave" — I had no intention of singing that. I hadn't written it down. But as I played my guitar, this phrase just came out. And I was able to look at it and think, "What does this mean?" and realize I was writing a song about transformation and renewal.
I love that image of caramel — and how, if you've only been tasting bitter things, exactly how sweet something like that tastes to you. And the idea of feeling that love was a possible thing — I compare it in the song to dawn, and the idea of the sun slowly coming up. I think that's really what that transformation time has been about for me: that it's been a very gradual process, but how, when that sun does finally come up, it appears to be so bright. When you finally taste the sweetness, it appears to be so sweet. It's so thrown into relief because of what you've experienced.
Even in what sounds like the most poppy, upbeat track on the album, "Tell Me," there's this idea: "There will be heartbreaks and blue skies / But feel it all, walk tall, don't close your eyes." Like, just get through it and you will emerge.
That's a really important thing for me, the idea of telling young people there will be blue skies and there will be heartbreak. I think that it's really important for young people to know that life is not expecting it always to be this kind of sunshiny, easy thing, but [rather] being able to sort of roll with it and be pushed around by it and be able to survive it, and know when you have to hide, and when you have to sort of hunker down, and when you can re-emerge.
And you can speak with credibility about coming through darkness because you have not only experienced the darkness, but you've fallen in love again. You are married now to your longtime producer.
That's true! Steve [Brown] and I got married three years ago. The amazing thing for me was that I never really thought I would be able to experience love again in this sort of uncomplicated way. And it was even more incredible for me that it was someone I had known for a long time and been friends with for a very long time. It's been really a great joy in my life to find this relationship with him.
You know, a big theme of the record, for me, is hope. And the reason I say a big theme of the record for me is because I feel like the album has been making itself known to me. I haven't sort of sat down and thought, "These are the themes, these are the ideas, these are the songs." I really feel that just in being still and being quiet and letting the songs kind of float in, it's really been this dream-like thing for me — almost like a process of waking up.
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text:
Ann Wickenden, daughter of George Wickenden, butcher and fruiterer and Lydia Wickenden [Milham]
In the Parish of Tonbridge, Kent
Tonbridge, Kent
At St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church in the Parish of Tonbridge, Kent
Tonbridge Parish Registers
At 37 High Street in the Parish of Tonbridge, Kent; Ann Wickenden, F, Daughter, single, age 18, born Tunbridge, Kent
At 37, High Street in the Parish of Tonbridge, Kent; Ann Wickenden, F, Daughter, single, age 28, born Tonbridge, Kent; occupation: dressmaker
Wickenden, Wickeden, Wikenden family records
The ancestral pedigree of Ann Wickenden
George Wickenden
butcher and fruiterer m: Jan to Mar 1853 Lydia Milham
b: 1830 Ightham, Kent b: 1834 East Peckham, Kent
Louisa George Thomas Ann Albert William Ellen Lydia
b: 1854 Tonbridge, Kent
ch: 20th Aug 1854 St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church
d: Sep 1854 Tonbridge, Kent
bur: 13th Sep 1854 St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church, Tonbridge, Kent b: 1858 Tonbridge, Kent b: 1860 Tonbridge, Kent b: 1863 Tonbridge, Kent
ch: 12th Mar 1865 St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church b: 1865 Tonbridge, Kent
ch: 12th Mar 1865 St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church b: 1869 Tonbridge, Kent b: 24th Mar 1871 Tonbridge, Kent
ch: 30th Jul 1871 St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church b: 1877 Tonbridge, Kent
ch: 9th Dec 1855 St. Peter and St. Paul Parish Church


Opt to check out famous Roman sites from times past like the Colosseum, Roman Forum, Vatican and Pantheon. Don't miss the amazing Italian food, wine and nightlife. Today, new travellers may join you for the rest of the adventure. You are welcome to join them at a group meeting this evening, followed by an optional dinner.
Depart at any time. We recommend staying an extra day or two to fully experience all this lively city has to offer.


text:
S. Rept. 111-247 - AMENDING THE ACT OF JUNE 18, 1934, TO REAFFIRM THE AUTHORITY OF THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR TO TAKE LAND INTO TRUST FOR INDIAN TRIBES111th Congress (2009-2010)
AMENDING THE ACT OF JUNE 18, 1934, TO REAFFIRM THE AUTHORITY OF THE
SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR TO TAKE LAND INTO TRUST FOR INDIAN TRIBES
August 5, 2010.--Ordered to be printed
Mr. Dorgan, from the Committee on Indian Affairs, submitted the
[To accompany S. 1703]
The Committee on Indian Affairs, to which was referred the
bill (S. 1703) to amend the Act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm
the authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land
into trust for Indian tribes, having considered the same,
reports favorably thereon, and recommends that the bill do pass
as amended.
S. 1703 clarifies the continuing authority of the Secretary
of the Interior, under the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934,
to take land into trust for all Indian tribes that are
federally recognized on the date on which the land is placed
into trust.
Land holds great meaning to Indian tribes, just as it does
for other governments. For tribes, land provides a means to
advance tribal sovereignty and self-determination. Tribes need
land in trust for a wide range of beneficial purposes. Trust
land is essential to tribes' ability to protect or promote
their historic, cultural and religious ties to land where their
ancestors lived. Trust land is also vital to tribal economic
development and self-government as tribes provide a wide range
of governmental services to their members including, running
schools and health clinics, administering housing, and
providing court, law enforcement and numerous other key social
and governmental services. Land taken into trust for Indian
tribes directly furthers these and other self-determination
The long history of Indian land losses is well known. From
the very first days of the Republic, Indian tribes have given
up large areas of land to the United States, which in return
has assumed the duty of protecting the tribes on those lands
retained.\1\ But despite the government's trust obligation to
protect Indian landholdings, tribes continued to suffer
devastating land losses at the hands of the federal government.
The federal allotment policy alone resulted in a loss of more
than 100 million acres of tribal homelands.\2\ The destruction
of tribal economies, institutions, and communities followed
directly from the decimation of the tribal land base. The
history and circumstances of land loss and the economic,
social, and cultural consequences of that loss, are at the core
of government's federal trust responsibility toward Indian
tribes.
\1\See Board of County Comm'rs v. Seber, 318 U.S. 705, 715 (1943).
\2\To Grant Indians Living Under Federal Tutelage the Freedom to
Organize for Purposes of Local Self-Government and Economic Enterprise:
Hearing on S. 2755 Before the Senate Comm. on Indian Affairs, 73rd
Cong., 2d Sess., 30-31 (1934) (testimony of Commissioner of Indian
Affairs John Collier).
Congress was aware of these problems\3\ and intended to
reverse these tribal land losses when it enacted the Indian
Reorganization Act of 1934, 25 U.S.C. 461-479. The Indian
Reorganization Act (IRA) (also known as the ``Wheeler-Howard
Act'' for the bill's congressional sponsors or informally as
``the Indian New Deal'') sought to strengthen tribal
governments and restore the Indian land base. The sponsors of
the IRA expressed their intent to ``rehabilitate the Indian's
economic life and to give him a chance to develop the
initiative destroyed by a century of oppression and
paternalism.''\4\ The IRA authorized the Secretary of the
Interior to take lands into trust for tribes to reverse the
significant historic losses of tribal homelands. Since the
enactment of the IRA, approximately five million acres of land
have been acquired and placed into trust for Indian tribes and
their members.
\3\These problems were identified in a 1928 report, known as the
``Meriam Report,'' which was prepared by the Institute for Government
Research at the direction of the Secretary of the Interior, Hubert
Work. The Institute undertook a survey of the social and economic
status of Indians, and found, among other things, that the loss of
Indian land was among the principal causes of the resulting poverty of
Indian people. See Institute for Government Research, ``The Problem of
Indian Administration'' (February 21, 1928.)
\4\H.R. Rep. No. 1804, 73rd Cong., 2d Sess., at 6 (1934).
Congressman Howard of Nebraska, the sponsor of the bill in
the House of Representatives and Chairman of the House Indian
Affairs Committee, described the ``staggering'' losses of
Indian lands.\5\ He explained that the Act would help remedy
the problem by preventing ``any further loss of Indian lands''
and permitting the purchase of additional lands.\6\ Congressman
Howard reasoned that the restoration of the tribal land base
was not only a legal but also a moral obligation. ``[T]he land
was theirs under titles guaranteed by treaties and law; and
when the government of the United States set up a land policy
which, in effect, became a forum of legalized misappropriation
of the Indian estate, the government became morally responsible
for the damage that has resulted to the Indians from its
faithless guardianship.'' He further stated that the purpose of
the IRA was ``to build up Indian land holdings until there is
sufficient land for all Indians who will beneficially use
it.''\7\
\5\78 Cong. Rec. 11,727-28 (1934).
\6\78 Cong. Rec. 11,726-727 (1934) at 11,727; see also 78 Cong.
Rec. 11,123 (June 12, 1934) (statement of Senator Wheeler, sponsor of
the bill in the Senate, echoing the remedial goals in relation to
Indian lands).
\7\78 Cong. Rec. 11,732 (1934).
Congress understood that a land base was essential for the
economic advancement and self-support of the Indian communities
and the preservation of tribal culture. The need to provide
land for Indians was recognized as an important part of the
Act\8\ as it would be beneficially used to increase Indian
self-support.\9\
\8\See S. Rep. No. 1080, at 2 (stating that section 5 would ``meet
the needs of landless Indians and of Indian individuals and tribes
whose land holdings are insufficient for self-support''); H.R. Rep. No.
1804, at 6 (noting that the purchase of lands would help ``[t]o make
many of the now pauperized, landless Indians self-supporting''); 78
Cong. Rec. 11,730 (statement of Rep. Howard that section 5 would
``provide land for Indians who have no land or insufficient land, and
who can use land beneficially'')
\9\See, e.g., S. Rep. No. 1080.
Congress saw the IRA as a means not simply of halting the
prior federal policies that had so destroyed Indian communities
and Indian economies but reversing the course that led to those
losses. The IRA has been recognized as one of the most
important pieces of Indian legislation in American history. It
made a change in federal Indian policy intended ``to establish
machinery whereby Indian tribes would be able to assume a
greater degree of self-government, both politically and
economically.''\10\ By the Act, Congress sought to revitalize
and strengthen the institutions of tribal government,\11\ and
``rehabilitate the Indian's economic life and to give him a
chance to develop the initiative destroyed by a century of
oppression and paternalism'' so that a ``tribe taking advantage
of the Act might generate substantial revenues for the
education and the social and economic welfare of its
people.''\12\ These principles have served as the foundation
for federal Indian policy in the modern era of tribal self-
determination.\13\
\10\Morton v. Mancari, 417 U.S. 535, 542 (1974).
\11\See Morton, 417 U.S. at 543, Iowa Mutual Ins. Co. v. LaPlante,
480 U.S. 9, 14 n.5 (1987); Fisher v. District Court, 424 U.S. 382, 387
\12\Mescalero Apache Tribe v. Jones, 411 U.S. 145, 151-52 (1973)
(citations omitted).
\13\See California v. Cabazon Band of Mission Indians, 480 U.S.
202, 219 (1987); White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136,
143 & n. 10 (1980).
Restoration of land to tribal ownership was central to the
overall purposes of the IRA. Congress consistently recognized
that the restoration of tribal land bases by taking land into
trust was essential to tribal self-determination. As
Congressman Howard succinctly stated during the House
consideration of the measure, ``[l]and reform and in [sic] a
measure home rule for the Indians are the essential and basic
features of this bill.''\14\
\14\78 Cong. Rec. 11,729 (1934).
The IRA was signed into law on June 18, 1934. Section 5 of
the IRA provides for the recovery of the tribal land base and
is integral to the IRA's overall goals of recovering from the
loss of land and reestablishing tribal economic, governmental
and cultural life:
The Secretary of the Interior is hereby authorized,
in his discretion, to acquire, through purchase,
relinquishment, gift, exchange, or assignment, any
interest in lands, water rights, or surface rights to
lands, within or without existing reservations,
including trust or otherwise restricted allotments,
whether the allottee be living or deceased, for the
purpose of providing land for Indians.
*         *         *         *         *
Title to any lands or rights acquired pursuant to
this Act . . . shall be taken in the name of the United
States in trust for the Indian tribe or individual
Indian for which the land is acquired, and such lands
or rights shall be exempt from State and local
taxation.\15\
\15\25 U.S.C. Sec. 465.
Of the more than 100 million acres of tribal homelands lost
through the allotment process alone, only approximately 8
percent have been restored to trust status since the IRA was
passed 75 years ago. Still today, a number of federally
recognized Indian tribes have no land base or insufficient
lands to support a governing base, or basic community needs
such as housing, education, or economic development. In
addition, many tribal land parcels are deeply fractionated, a
result of allotment policies, which means that far more Indian
land passes out of trust than gets taken into trust each
year.\16\
\16\G. William Rice, The Indian Reorganization Act, The Declaration
on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, and a Proposed Carcieri'Fix':
Updating the Trust Land Acquisition Process, 45 Idaho L. Rev. 575, 587-
89 (2009).
THE DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR'S LAND INTO TRUST PROCESS
For the more than 75 years since enactment of the IRA, the
Department of the Interior understood and construed the Act to
authorize the Secretary to acquire land in trust for the
benefit of any tribe that was federally recognized at the time
of the trust land acquisition. The Interior Department's
statutory construction of the Act was confirmed when the
Department, in 1980, promulgated formal regulations to guide
the Secretary's decision-making process when exercising
authority to place tribal land into trust pursuant to the
IRA.\17\ The regulations at 25 C.F.R. Part 151 define the term
``tribe'' to mean ``any Indian tribe, band, nation, pueblo,
community, Rancheria, colony, or other group of Indians . . .
which is recognized by the Secretary as eligible for the
special programs and services from the Bureau of Indian
Affairs.''\18\ The term ``individual Indian'' means ``any
person who is an enrolled member of a tribe,'' any person who
is a descendant of a tribal member who, in 1934, resided ``on a
federally recognized Indian reservation,'' and persons ``of
one-half or more degree Indian blood of a tribe.''\19\
\17\Prior to 1980 and after passage of the IRA in 1934, Interior
used an internal process to decide when and how a tribe could put land
in trust. Although the 1980 regulations were subject to comment before
they were finalized, the process as it currently stands closely
resembles Interior's pre-1980 unpublished guidelines. Padraic I. McCoy,
The Land Must Hold the People: Native Modes of Territoriality and
Contemporary Tribal Justifications for Placing Land into Trust Through
25 C.F.R. Part 151, 27 Am. Indian L. Rev. 421, 453-54 (2003).
\18\25 C.F.R. Sec. 151.2(b).
\19\25 C.F.R. Sec. Sec. 151.2(c)(1)-(3).
These regulations govern both on and off-reservation land
into trust acquisitions. The 151 process is initiated when an
Indian tribe or an individual Indian submits a written request
to take land into trust to their local Bureau of Indian Affairs
(BIA) agency or regional office. The BIA makes several
determinations following the initial request, including whether
the acquisition is mandatory or discretionary and whether the
acquisition is on or off reservation.
For on-reservation land into trust acquisitions, the
applicant must submit (1) a map and a legal description of the
land; (2) a justification of why the land should be placed in
trust; and (3) information on the present use of the property,
the intended use of the property, and whether there are any
improvements on the land. The Regional Office or Agency
Superintendent makes the final determination of whether to
approve the on-reservation application. In making its decision,
the BIA takes into account such factors as the need of the
individual Indian or tribe, the impact on the state and its
political subdivisions resulting from removing the land from
the tax rolls, any jurisdictional issues that may arise, and
whether the BIA is equipped to carry out its trust
responsibilities if the land is acquired. For off-reservation
land acquisitions additional information is required, including
a business plan if the acquisition is to be used for economic
development purposes. Off-reservation acquisition decisions are
made at the BIA's Central Office in Washington, D.C.\20\
\20\In making his determination on off-reservation parcels, the
Secretary must take into account the criteria for on-reservation
parcels as well as the location of the land relative to state
boundaries and the distance of the parcel from the reservation, the
anticipated economic benefits associated with the proposed use, and the
comments received from the state and local governments. 25 C.F.R.
Sec. 151.11.
Once all the relevant information has been provided, the
BIA sends out notification letters to the state, county, and
municipal governments with regulatory jurisdiction over the
land, notifying them of the application and requesting comments
on the impact if the lands are acquired as trust lands.\21\
Specifically, the BIA requests information on the change to the
local government's regulatory jurisdiction, affect on real
property taxes, and special assessments.\22\ If, following this
process, the Secretary decides to take the land into trust, the
Secretary publishes a notice of the decision in the Federal
Register with a statement that the Secretary shall ``acquire
title in the name of the United States no sooner than 30 days
after notice is published.''\23\
\21\25 C.F.R. Sec. Sec. 151.10, 151.11.
\22\Id.
\23\25 CFR Sec. 151.12(b).
Need for the Legislation
The recent Supreme Court decision, Carcieri v. Salazar,\24\
will erode congressional intent of the IRA, and will serve as a
barrier to meeting the Act's goals of tribal land restoration.
The Carcieri decision runs contrary to longstanding and settled
practice of the Department of the Interior regarding trust land
acquisitions; invites disparate treatment of federally
recognized tribes contrary to previous Acts of Congress;
creates uncertainty about the scope of the Secretary's
authority; and threatens unnecessary and burdensome
administrative proceedings and litigation for both the United
States and the tribes on matters that Congress long ago
intended to resolve. As a result, Senator Dorgan introduced,
and the Committee approved, S. 1703 to confirm the Secretary of
the Interior's authority to place land into trust for all
tribes that are federally recognized on the date the Secretary
takes the land into trust, and to ratify trust land
acquisitions already made by the Secretary under the IRA.
\24\129 S. Ct. 1058 (2009).
THE CARCIERI V. SALAZAR CASE
On February 24, 2009, the Supreme Court issued its decision
in Carcieri v. Salazar, holding that the Secretary of the
Interior did not have the authority to take land into trust
status under the IRA for the Naragansett Indian Tribe (Tribe)
because the Tribe was not ``under federal jurisdiction'' in
1934 when the IRA was enacted. The majority opinion was written
by Justice Thomas. Justice Breyer filed a concurring opinion.
Justice Souter filed an opinion concurring in part and
dissenting in part, which was joined by Justice Ginsburg.
Justice Stevens was the sole dissenter.
The Carcieri case involved a challenge by the Governor of
Rhode Island to the Secretary of the Interior's authority to
take land into trust status for the Narragansett Indian Tribe
pursuant to the IRA. The Tribe obtained federal recognition in
1983 through the administrative process within the Department
of the Interior. This process is set forth through federal
regulations adopted in 1978.\25\ In acknowledging the Tribe's
relationship with the federal government, the Assistant
Secretary--Indian Affairs had to be satisfied that the Tribe
had existed continuously since first European contact and had a
documented history since 1614.
\25\25 C.F.R. Sec. 83.
While the Tribe's petition for federal acknowledgement was
pending before the Interior Department, the Tribe also brought
a land claim against the State of Rhode Island in the 1970's to
recover its ancestral land, claiming that the State had
misappropriated tribal land in violation of federal law. Those
claims were resolved by a settlement agreement that was
codified by Congress in 1978. Under the settlement agreement,
the Tribe received title to 1,800 acres of land in Rhode
Island, in exchange for relinquishing its past and future
claims to other lands. Those lands became the Tribe's initial
reservation, and remained under state jurisdiction.
In 1991, the Tribe's housing authority purchased 31 acres
of land adjacent to the Tribe's initial reservation. Soon after
the purchase, a dispute arose about whether the Tribe's planned
construction of housing on the 31-acre parcel had to comply
with local regulations. The Tribe requested that the Secretary
of the Interior place the land in trust. On March 6, 1998, the
Interior Department expressed its intent to acquire the land in
trust. Before the land was placed in trust, Rhode Island
challenged the Department's decision in a number of
administrative appeals and then by suit in Federal district
court. One of the State's arguments was that the phrase ``now
under federal jurisdiction'' in section 19 of the IRA, 25
U.S.C. Sec. 479, limited the Secretary's authority to acquire
land in trust under section 5 of the IRA, 25 U.S.C. Sec. 465,
to only those Indian tribes that were ``under federal
jurisdiction'' as of 1934. The Secretary of the Interior
contended that the IRA applies to all tribes that were
federally recognized at the time that land was taken into
trust. The Federal district court held that since the
Narragansett Tribe is currently recognized and existed at the
time of the enactment of the IRA, it qualified as an Indian
tribe' within the meaning of the IRA. The First Circuit Court
of Appeals held that the term ``now'' was ambiguous as to
whether it meant at the moment Congress enacted the law or at
the moment the Secretary invokes the law. Thus, the Circuit
Court deferred to the Secretary's interpretation of the
provision of the IRA. The State then sought review by the
United States Supreme Court.
in Carcieri v. Salazar, reversing the lower courts' rulings and
holding that the Secretary of the Interior did not have the
authority to take land into trust under 25 U.S.C. Sec. 465 for
the Narragansett Tribe, because the Tribe was not ``under
federal jurisdiction,'' as that term is used in the definition
of ``Indian'' in 25 U.S.C. Sec.  479. The Court pointed to the
parties' agreement that the definition of ``Indian'' in
Sec. 479 determines which tribes may rely on Sec. 465, and
stated that the case turned on ``whether the Narragansetts are
members of a `recognized Indian Tribe now under federal
jurisdiction.'''\26\ The Court then held that ``now'' means
1934, when the Indian Reorganization Act was enacted, rather
than the date that the Secretary intended to act to take land
into trust. It did so notwithstanding the absence of the word
``now,'' or any other temporal qualifier, in the separate
definition of ``tribe,'' which also appears in Sec. 479, and
despite its recognition that Sec. 465 authorizes the Secretary
to take land into trust for a tribe.\27\ No effort was made by
the parties to the case to demonstrate that the Narragansett
were ``under federal jurisdiction'' at the time of the IRA.
Nevertheless, the Court found that because ``the record
establishes that the Narragansett Tribe was not under federal
jurisdiction when the IRA was enacted,'' the Secretary lacked
authority to take land into trust for the Narragansett Indian
Tribe.
\26\Carcieri, 129 S.Ct. at 1064.
\27\See Id. at 1067.
UNEQUAL TREATMENT OF FEDERALLY RECOGNIZED INDIAN TRIBES
The Carcieri decision may have the detrimental effect of
creating two classes of Indian tribes--those who were ``under
federal jurisdiction'' as of the date of enactment of the
Indian Reorganization Act in 1934 for whom land may be taken
into trust, and those who were not. This disparity would
directly conflict with prior Acts of Congress, including the
Act of November 2, 1994,\28\ the 1994 Amendments to the IRA,
and federal policy supporting self-determination for all
federally recognized Indian tribes.\29\
\28\25 U.S.C. Sec. Sec. 479a, 479a-1.
\29\25 U.S.C. Sec. 450b(e).
Congress affirmed its intent that all federally recognized
tribes be equally treated under the law in 1994 when Congress
passed the ``Federally Recognized Indian Tribe List Act of
1994'' (Tribal List Act)\30\ which requires the Secretary to
publish an annual list of all federally recognized tribes
which, Congress explained, ``establishes tribal status for all
federal purposes.''\31\ Also in 1994, Congress amended the IRA
to prohibit federal agencies from taking action that
``classifies, enhances, or diminishes the privileges and
immunities available to the Indian tribe relative to other
federally recognized tribes by virtue of their status as Indian
tribes.'' 25 U.S.C. Sec. 476(f). By these statutes, Congress
instructed that there be no second class tribes. These Acts are
direct statements from Congress that federal agencies do not
have the right to discriminate based on the history of how a
federally recognized tribe reached that status.\32\
\30\Pub. L. 103-454 (1994), codified at 25 U.S.C. 479a-1.
\31\H.R. Rep. No. 103-781 at 3 (1994) as reprinted in 1994 USCCAN
The Carcieri case, however, threatens to create two classes
of tribes contrary to settled law and express Congressional
intent. The Committee believes there is no logical policy
reason for treating tribes differently based on date of federal
recognition.
HIGH COSTS OF LITIGATION TO THE UNITED STATES AND INDIAN TRIBES
The Carcieri decision may provoke a large number of
lawsuits regarding pending and already acquired lands and the
issue of whether tribes were ``under federal jurisdiction'' in
1934. Such litigation would be burdensome and cause delay in
the government's exercise of its general trust responsibility
to Indian tribes, and its specific obligations under the IRA.
These delays will in turn undermine the broad remedial policies
of the IRA and the current federal policy of tribal self-
determination. S. 1703 seeks to prevent litigation over trust
land acquisitions that might otherwise arise from the Carcieri
decision.
The term ``under federal jurisdiction'' is not defined in
federal law, regulation, or in the legislative history leading
up to the enactment of the Indian Reorganization Act. Even
prior to enactment of the IRA, the United States had no formal
term for acknowledging the existence of an Indian tribe. The
federal government used the terms ``in amity with the
government'' and ``having existing treaties with the
government'' up until the late 1800's. It was not until then
that the terms ``recognized'' and ``recognition'' were used in
the jurisdictional sense. As a result, Indian Tribes, the
Department of the Interior, and Federal courts reviewing future
land into trust acquisitions have little insight as to whether
a tribe that was not formally recognized in 1934 would be
considered ``under federal jurisdiction.'' In addition, the
United States did not have an accurate list of federally
recognized Indian tribes until after 1994, when Congress
enacted the Federally Recognized Tribal List Act.\33\ Thus,
even the initial determination of whether a tribe was formally
recognized in 1934 will be a difficult question to determine.
This significant uncertainty will flood federal court rooms
with lawsuits for decades and cost both tribes and the United
States significant resources.
\33\25 U.S.C. sec. 479a-479a-1.
The concurring opinions of Justices Breyer and Souter
acknowledged this fact. They noted that even though a tribe was
not formally recognized by the federal government in 1934, that
tribe may not be precluded from having been ``under federal
jurisdiction'' at that time. In his concurring opinion Justice
Breyer draws attention to the fact that many tribes were left
off of the list of tribes covered by the IRA reportedly
compiled by the Department of the Interior. Other tribes were
later acknowledged to have been under federal jurisdiction at
an earlier time, even though circumstances prevented the
government from knowing that at the time. Justice Souter also
made this point stating that ``nothing in the majority opinion
forecloses the possibility that the two concepts, recognition
and jurisdiction, may be given separate content.''
Another concern generated by the Carcieri decision relates
to parcels already held in trust by the federal government.
Although challenges to the validity of title to Indian trust
are barred by existing law and the Quiet Title Act, 28 U.S.C.
2409a, and should ultimately be dismissed, illegitimate,
unsuccessful legal challenges can be brought. Such cases would
impose significant costs on the United States and tribal
governments. S. 1703 is intended to prevent such challenges to
land already held in trust by ratifying the Secretary's action
in taking such lands into trust.
On May 21, 2009, the Committee held a hearing to examine
Executive Branch authority to acquire trust lands for Indian
tribes. On September 24, 2009, Senator Dorgan introduced S.
1703, along with Senators Akaka, Baucus, Bingaman, Franken,
Inouye, Tester and Udall. Senators Landrieu, Stabenow and
LeMieux were later added as co-sponsors.
Two companion bills were introduced in the House of
Representatives. On October 1, 2009, Congressman Cole
introduced H.R. 3697 and on October 7, 2009, Congressman Kildee
introduced H.R. 3742. The House Committee on Natural Resources
held a legislative hearing on these two bills on November 4,
Summary of the Amendments
Senator Dorgan offered an amendment in the nature of a
substitute. The amendment in the nature of a substitute amends
the original bill by removing the revisions to the definition
of the term ``Indian tribe'' and by adding language to ensure
that nothing in the Act or the amendments to the Act would
affect the application of any other federal law, other than the
Indian Reorganization Act.
Senator Murkowski offered a second degree amendment to
ensure that the language of S. 1703 will not affect the
validity of any existing Department of Interior regulations
concerning the taking of land into trust in Alaska.
Senator Coburn offered an amendment to require a study be
prepared by the Department of the Interior and submitted to
Congress identifying the impact of the Carcieri decision on
Indian tribes and tribal lands. The offered amendment would
have required the study to be completed prior to S. 1703
becoming effective. A second degree amendment was agreed upon
which would require the study to be submitted within one year
of enactment of S. 1703. The Committee intends that the study
shall not limit the Secretary's authority to take land into
trust for any tribe that is federally recognized on the date
the Secretary takes the land into trust, or cause any delay
with regard to any trust land acquisition authorized by law.
Section 1. Modification of definition
Subsection 1(a) This section modifies a portion of the
definition of ``Indian'' in 25 U.S.C. 479 from, ``any
recognized Indian tribe now under Federal jurisdiction'' to
``any federally recognized Indian tribe.'' It further
retroactively applies this amended definition from June 18,
Subsection 1(b) makes the amendments in subsection (a)
retroactive as if included in the Indian Reorganization Act as
of date of enactment of that Act on June 18, 1934.
Subsection 1(c) clarifies that the legislation does not
affect any law other than the Indian Reorganization Act or
limit the authority of the Secretary of the Interior under any
federal law or regulation other than the Indian Reorganization
Subsection 1(d) requires the Secretary of the Interior to
conduct, and submit to Congress, a study describing the effects
of the Carcieri decision on Indian tribes and tribal land; and
including a list of each affected Indian tribe and parcel of
tribal land. The study would be required to be submitted within
one year of enactment of S. 1703.
On December 17, 2009, the Senate Committee on Indian
Affairs convened a business meeting to consider S. 1703 and
other measures. The amendment in the nature of a substitute,
along with the second degree amendments by Senators Murkowski
and Senator Coburn, were approved by the Committee by voice
vote. The Committee ordered the bill, as amended, be reported
to the full Senate with the recommendation that the bill, as
amended, do pass.
The following cost estimate, as provided by the
Congressional Budget Office, dated March 26, 2010, was prepared
for S. 1703:
S. 1703--A bill to amend the act of June 18, 1934, to reaffirm the
authority of the Secretary of the Interior to take land into
trust for Indian tribes
S. 1703 would amend the Indian Reorganization Act to allow
the Secretary of the Interior to take land into trust for all
federally recognized Indian tribes. Based on information from
the Department of the Interior (DOI), CBO estimates that
implementing the legislation would have no significant cost.
Enacting S. 1703 would not affect direct spending or revenues;
therefore, pay-as-you-go procedures would apply.
Under current law, as established by the Supreme Court
decision in Carcieri v. Salazar (2009), the Secretary of the
Interior's authority to take land into trust for Indian tribes
is limited to those tribes that were federally recognized prior
to the enactment of the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934.
Under the bill, the Secretary would have the authority to take
land into trust for all federally recognized Indian tribes,
regardless of when those tribes became federally recognized.
Because current law requires DOI personnel to determine which
tribes would be eligible to have lands taken into trust, CBO
expects that implementing S. 1703 could reduce the workload of
DOI staff. CBO expects that any savings due to the reduced
workload would be used by the agency to carry out other
activities related to holding land in trust. Thus, we expect
that implementing the legislation would have a negligible
effect on the federal budget.
S. 1703 would expand an existing intergovernmental mandate,
as defined in the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA), that
exempts from state and local taxes land taken into trust for
tribal individuals or tribal governments. While state and local
governments may have the ability to collect taxes on some lands
as a result of the Carcieri v. Salazar decision, CBO has no
data indicating that those governments currently levy or have
plans to levy taxes on that land. Therefore, CBO estimates that
enacting S. 1703 would not result in a loss of revenue for
state or local governments.
S. 1703 also would impose intergovernmental and private-
sector mandates as defined in UMRA by limiting the ability of
public and private entities or individuals to file claims in
court related to lands taken into trust for Indian tribes
federally recognized after 1934. The cost of the mandate would
be the forgone value of awards and settlements of such claims.
CBO expects that the annual number of claims involving such
land and the value of the awards and settlements in those
claims would be small. Consequently, the cost of the mandate to
public and private entities would fall below the annual
thresholds established in UMRA for intergovernmental and
private-sector mandates ($70 million and $141 million in 2010
respectively, adjusted annually for inflation).
The CBO staff contacts for this estimate are Jeff LaFave
(for federal costs), Melissa Merrell (for state, local, and
tribal costs), and Marin Randall (for the private-sector
impact). The estimate was approved by Theresa Gullo, Deputy
Assistant Director for Budget Analysis.
Regulatory and Paperwork Impact Statement
Paragraph 11(b) of rule XXVI of the Standing Rules of the
Senate requires each report accompanying a bill to evaluate the
regulatory and paperwork impact that would be incurred in
carrying out the bill. The Committee believes that S. 1703 will
have a minimal impact on regulatory or paperwork requirements.
The Committee received the following letters from Secretary
Salazar, Department of the Interior in support of S. 1703:
In accordance with subsection 12 of rule XXVI of the
Standing Rules of the Senate, changes in existing law made by
the bill S. 1703, as ordered reported, are shown as follows
(existing law proposed to be omitted is enclosed in black
brackets, new matter printed in italic):
25 U.S.C. 479. Definitions
Effective beginning on June 18, 1934, the term [The term]
``Indian'' as used in this Act shall include all persons of
Indian descent who are members of any federally recognized
Indian tribe [any recognized Indian tribe now under Federal
jurisdiction], and all persons who are descendants of such
members who were, on June 1, 1934, residing within the present
boundaries of any Indian reservation, and shall further include
all other persons of one-half or more Indian blood. For the
purposes of this Act, Eskimos and other aboriginal peoples of
Alaska shall be considered Indians. The term ``tribe'' wherever
used in this Act shall be construed to refer to any Indian
tribe, organized band, pueblo, or the Indians residing on one
reservation. The words ``adult Indians'' wherever used in this
Act shall be construed to refer to Indians who have attained
the age of twenty-one years.


A grisly discovery is made in a dumpster in small West Virginia town: a severed leg with a sock pulled over the foot. And since the limb bears a Semper Fi tattoo, Gibbs (MARK HARMON), Tony (MICHAEL WEATHERLY) and Kate (SASHA ALEXANDER) are called to the scene to investigate, with Ducky (DAVID McCALLUM) examining the leg for medical clues. At first glance, all Ducky can ascertain is that the leg would have been severed from a live body less than 24 hours ago. But with an X-ray, he can tell that the heel contains a titanium ankle which – containing a serial number – can be traced to the doctor who implanted it. Meanwhile, Abby (PAULEY PERRETTE) tries lifting fingerprints from the limb and finds the seed of a sycamore tree in the victim's sock.
When Gibbs tracks down the doctor who performed the surgery, he identifies his ankle patient as PFC Thomas Dorn... who, according to military records, supposedly died two years ago from a heart attack. The NCIS team learns that a doctor in the small West Virginia town of Harmony signed the death certificate, but that no autopsy was performed despite Dorn's young age, so Gibbs sends Tony and Kate to interview her. Upon meeting Dr. Sylvia Chalmers, they find a kindly, about-to-retire medic who says that Dorn came into her office complaining of chest pains. Soon afterward, he keeled over. While she had planned to perform an autopsy, his only living survivor – a half- sister – begged her not to and, resistant to make her loss worse, Dr. Chalmers decided to forego one. The body can't be exhumed now, because the sister wanted him cremated. And, when the agents show the doctor a picture of Dorn, she says that's not the man who came in complaining of chest pains. Now suspicious of the half-sister, Melissa Dorn, and uncertain who suffered a heart attack posing as Dorn, Gibbs and Kate pay her a visit at her home in Maryland. But their visit to the sultry woman yields little clues... until Gibbs spots a sycamore tree on her lawn and thinks she must be connected to the deaths somehow.
Next, the agents research a policy that Dorn took out before he died. The beneficiary – Melissa – received $750,000, despite the insurance company's misgivings about the untimeliness of Dorn's death. Now that the team has a motive, Gibbs visits Dorn's Marine gunnery sergeant to determine more about his past, and learns that he and his best friend, Corporal Morgan, were both hanging with Melissa, who didn't seem like a half-sister to either of them.
Armed with this information – and the fact that the sycamore tree from Dorn's sock genetically matches the tree at Melissa's house – the agents return to her home with a search warrant. Just as Tony finds gruesome etchings on a barn floor that correlate with a power saw cutting up a body, Gibbs and Kate realize that someone else is in the house. Soon after, they discover an unlikely accomplice for Melissa: Dr. Chalmers... who, unexpectedly, also happens to be Melissa's mother. Despite Sylvia's assertions that nothing more than insurance fraud has been committed, Melissa tearfully admits to the scheme that Sylvia has masterminded. First, the doctor caused Morgan to have a heart attack with a lethal dose of digitalis, claiming he was Dorn in a move that gave them an insurance windfall. Then, to keep the ruse going, she later killed and cut up Dorn.


text:
Q: Let $f: [0,1] \to \mathbb R$ and $\Gamma(f)$ its graphic. Show that $\mathcal H^1(\Gamma(f)) \geq 1$. Problem: Let $f: [0,1] \to \mathbb R$ and $\Gamma(f)$ its graphic. Show that $\mathcal H^1(\Gamma(f)) \geq 1$.
Attempt: Well, if $f \equiv 0$ we get 1. Provided some sort of goodness like $f \in C^1$ we can draw the line between $f(0)$ and $f(1)$ and use triangular inequality since $H^1(\Gamma(f)) = length(\Gamma(f))$. By the way it looks like we don't need any kind of property on $f$. That seems weird to me!
Thanks!

A: Consider the standard coordiante system $(x,y)$ for $\mathbb{R}^2 \supset \Gamma(f)$.
Let $P$ be the projection onto the $x$-axis, so that for any covering $C = \bigcup_{i} C_i$ of $\Gamma(f)$, we have that $P(C)=\bigcup_i P(C_i)$ is the projection of that covering onto the $x$-axis.
Clearly, $[0,1] \subset P(C)$. Moreover, for any set $S \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ we have that $\text{diam}\big(P(S)\big)\leq \text{diam}(S)$. Can you see how this solves the problem?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Classes used to provide information about RPC for a GWT application.
RpcLogArtifact This artifact holds a log of the reasoning for which types are considered serializable for a particular RPC interface.
RpcLogLinker This linker emits RpcLogArtifacts as output files.
RpcPolicyFileArtifact This artifact provides information about which proxy classes resulted in which rpc proxy files.
RpcPolicyManifestLinker Emit a file containing a map of RPC proxy classes to the partial path of the RPC policy file.


text:
Las carreteras troncales son vías principales que conectan dos o más ciudades, puertos, aeropuertos u otros lugares importantes, y son la ruta recomendada para trayectos de larga distancia y transporte de carga. En Europa, algunas carreteras troncales tienen calzadas independientes para cada sentido de circulación, y pueden llegar a cumplir con los estándares para autovías. En otros países, sin embargo, no se distinguen o definen las propiedades técnicas de la carretera en sí, siempre y cuando cumpla un criterio de importancia en la interconexión que proporciona.

Europa

Alemania
De acuerdo con la ley alemana, tanto las autopistas (mejor conocidas como Autobahnen) como las carreteras federales (o Bundesstraßen) son categorizadas como troncales y se denominan Fernstraßen o Fernverkehrsstraßen (literalmente "carreteras de larga distancia").

Desde el comienzo de la numeración en la República de Weimar, las carreteras de interconexión regional fueron denominadas Fernverkehrsstraßen (algunas veces abreviado como "FVS" en documentos oficiales). En 1934 fue cambiado su nombre a Reichsstraßen, haciendo referencia al Tercer Reich. En la época de la República Democrática Alemana también se usó la denominación Fernverkehrsstraße con la abreviatura "F" para esta clase de carreteras, manteniéndose en su mayor parte la numeración dada en la Alemania Nazi.

A partir de , las nuevas pautas para este tipo de carreteras prescriben que deberán ser de tres calzadas en configuración 2:1 y separadas éstas por una línea continua doble, espacio entre las cuales deberá ser de color verde para una mejor delimitación.

Austria
La ley austriaca no define este tipo de carreteras específicamente. Coloquialmente, sin embargo, el término Fernstraße se usa para referirse a las Autobahnen y carreteras federales (Bundesstraßen).

Reino Unido
Las carreteras troncales (en inglés trunk roads) fueron definidas formalmente en el Reino Unido en 1936 en el Trunk Roads Act (ley de carreteras troncales). Treinta carreteras con una extensión de  fueron clasificadas como tales y el Ministerio de Transporte de ese país asumió control directo sobre ellas y los puentes que las cruzaran. El decreto entró en rigor en Inglaterra y Gales el , y en Escocia el . Irlanda del Norte, por otro lado, ha mantenido siempre un sistema de carreteras y leyes de tránsito propio.

Posteriormente, la ley de carreteras troncales de 1946 añadió carreteras adicionales a la red de troncales. Otras, como casi la mayoría de las autopistas británicas, han entrado al sistema a raíz de obras de construcción. Para 2004, el Reino Unido contaba con  de carreteras troncales, de los cuales  eran autovías.

En Inglaterra, las carreteras troncales han sido administradas por la agencia de carreteras Highway Agency desde 1994. Escocia, por su parte, ha tenido el control administrativo de sus carreteras troncales desde 1998 a cargo de la agencia Transport Scotland creada en 2006. El gobierno galés ha administrado sus carreteras troncales desde su creación en 1998.

Incluyendo autopistas, Inglaterra cuenta con una red de carreteras troncales de , Escocia con  y Gales con . La Highway Agency publica un mapa completo  de troncales y autovías en Inglaterra.

La mayoría de las troncales interurbanas son clasificadas como rutas primarias (carreteras "A"), la clasificación de carreteras recomendada para trayectos de larga distancia y transporte de carga. Sin embargo, no todas las carreteras primarias son troncales; la diferencia radica en que el mantenimiento de las troncales está a cargo del gobierno nacional británico, mientras que el de las vías principales es asumido por los concejos locales de las áreas que atraviesa. Las rutas primarias se señalizan con avisos de fondo verde, texto blanco (si existe) y el número de la ruta en color amarillo. Las carreteras troncales, al igual que otras carreteras "A", pueden o no tener calzadas independientes para cada sentido de circulación.

Históricamente, las carreteras troncales se representaban en mapas con el número seguido de una "T" en paréntesis para distinguirlas de los trayectos de la misma carretera que no estaban categorizados como troncal. Sin embargo, esta nomenclatura con sufijo ya no es usada en los mapas actuales de Ordnance Survey, los cuales únicamente distinguen entre carreteras "A" primarias y no primarias. Aquellas carreteras troncales que fueron convertidas posteriormente en autovías pueden retener su nomenclatura de carretera "A", añadiéndose una "M" en paréntesis para denotar que la reglamentación para autopistas aplica dentro de ellas. Algunos ejemplos de este fenómeno son las autovías A1(M) en Inglaterra, y A74(M) y A74(M) en Esocia.

Irlanda
La mayoría de las carreteras principales en Irlanda estaban clasificadas en un sistema antiguo como troncales y tenían numerales con prefijo "T". Las carreteras conectoras (en inglés link roads) utilizaban el prefijo "L". Muchas de estas carreteras surgieron de rutas históricas con peajes (o turnpikes).

Irlanda ha adoptado un nuevo esquema de clasificación de carreteras primarias y rutas nacionales secundarias (carreteras "N"), carreteras regionales (carreteras "R") y carreteras locales (carreteras con prefijo "L"), aun cuando algunas señales todavía utilizan la nomenclatura antigua. Las carreteras locales no estaban señalizadas anteriormente, pero en la actualidad aún éstas tienen su número señalizado en varias regiones del país.

La actual clasificación de carreteras "L" no está relacionada con la anterior clasificación para carreteras conectoras (link roads).

Suecia

Las carreteras de mayor importancia en Suecia se denominan carreteras troncales nacionales. El parlamento de ese país decidió en 1992 aquellas carreteras que se convertirían en troncales. Estas son las carreteras recomendadas para largas distancias.

A diferencia de las demás carreteras y caminos, cuya planeación se lleva a cabo a nivel local, las troncales nacionales se planean a nivel nacional. También cuentan con un presupuesto algo mayor. Sin embargo, no son señalizadas de manera particualr, de tal forma que no existe diferencia en señalización, numeración, características técnicas o demarcaciones en mapas que las diferencien de las demás carreteras nacionales. Algunas carreteras nacionales solo son troncales en algunos segmentos, mas no en su totalidad. Las Carreteras Nacionales 73 y 75 cumplen los estándares de autopistas y tienen un volumen de tráfico alto, pero no son catalogadas como troncales. Las carreteras europeas siempre son troncales en Suecia y tienen una numeración especial.

Suiza
En Suiza no existe una definición legal para este tipo de carreteras. La red de carreteras nacionales (Nationalstrassen) está destinada para el tráfico de larga distancia.

América

Colombia

La Resolución No. 339 del 26 de febrero de 1999 del Ministerio de Transporte define las troncales como carreteras pertenecientes a la red vial primaria que inician su recorrido en las fronteras internacionales y terminan en los puertos del Mar Caribe o en fronteras internacionales, es decir, cuyo recorrido es en sentido norte-sur; se les asigna un identificador numérico impar. Las transversales, por el contrario, tienen un recorrido en sentido este-oeste y se identifican con números pares.

Ecuador

Una vía primaria es considerada troncal si tiene dirección norte-sur. El numeral de las troncales es de dos dígitos (excepto la Troncal Insular) e impar. Se numeran incrementalmente de oeste a este.

Estados Unidos
Aunque el término no se usa comúnmente en inglés estadounidense, la Red de Carreteras Federales y el Sistema Interestatal de Autopistas podrían considerarse como troncales. Los estados de Míchigan, Minnesota y Wisconsin designan sus carreteras estatales como "troncales estatales" (state trunklines o state trunk highways). Si bien el sistema como tal y muchas de las carreteras pertenecientes a él pueden concebirse como troncales, no todas las carreteras federales o estatales son troncales ni cumplen necesariamente con los estándares prescritos para este tipo de carreteras en otros países de Europa. Algunas, especialmente en áreas rurales, son simples carreteras de doble vía.

Asia

China

China ha comenzado el desarrollo de su Sistema Nacional de Carreteras Troncales (), el cual creará varias carreteras norte-sur, este-oeste, y radiales a la capital, Beijing.

Referencias

Calles y carreteras


text:
Tug McGraw to Have Surgery Tuesday
Tug McGraw is having neurological tests in Tampa and is scheduled for surgery Tuesday.
Dr. Steven Brem said evidence of a malignant brain tumor is "inconclusive," the Moffitt Cancer Center said in a statement released through the Philadelphia Phillies. Brem is the program leader of Moffitt's neuro-oncology program.
Officials released little information about the surgery.
Two sources close to the 58-year-old former star pitcher, speaking on condition of anonymity, previously said doctors at Morton Plant Hospital in Clearwater diagnosed McGraw with a malignant brain tumor after he was hospitalized Wednesday.
McGraw was hospitalized one day after he was with the Phillies for their game against Cleveland. McGraw, who helped the New York Mets and Phillies win World Series titles during his 19 seasons in the major leagues, has been a special spring training instructor for Philadelphia the last two years.
The left-hander was an outstanding reliever, compiling a 96-92 record with a 3.14 ERA and 180 saves in his career. He pitched for the Mets from 1965-74 and the Phillies from 1975-84.
McGraw popularized the phrase "Ya Gotta Believe" with the Mets during their improbable pennant run in 1973, and later closed out the Phillies' only World Series championship in 1980.
He is best remembered in Philadelphia for striking out Kansas City's Willie Wilson to end Game 6 and clinch the title.
"He's always been one of my favorite players," said Dallas Green, who managed the Phillies' 1980 championship team. "He always loosened up the clubhouse. He was a guy that loved to play and exuded the joy of the game with his antics. Seeing him like this tears my heart out."
McGraw has received many visitors during his hospital stay, including former Phillies outfielder Jay Johnstone, Hall of Famers Harmon Killebrew and Brooks Robinson and former Astros outfielder Jimmy Wynn. McGraw had looked forward to playing in Sunday night's legends game.
"He was fun, always kept everybody laughing," said Johnstone, who played with McGraw from 1975-78. "Tug will find a way to get out of this."
McGraw and Phillies chairman Bill Giles were scheduled to deliver the first ball of the new season for the Phillies' final home opener at Veterans Stadium on April 4. The two practiced the stunt earlier in spring training, with Giles dropping three baseballs from a helicopter to McGraw.
McGraw is the father of Tim McGraw, the country music star who was scheduled to take batting practice with the Phillies on Friday. The session was canceled, but Tim McGraw's concert in St. Petersburg went on that night. Tim McGraw was going to have his father join him on stage during the concert to sing a rendition of "I Like It, I Love It."


A little nostalgia. Series I Soldier Force "Snake Squad Speed Troopers" 6 pack.
These were the starters of it all. Many (if not all) G.I.Joe collectors remember this vividly.
However, this is the "Snake Squad". A variation of the common olive green camouflage figures.
Center, a G.I.Joe Extreme-inspired figure. These 6 packs (especially this one) had an interesting painting. Even then, it was clear they wanted to do something good. They were trying, as they still are, I believe, to figure out the "fly". Trying different plastics, paint jobs, molds, scales. They´re pretty close.
Yep, the first Chap Mei logo.
How much I regreat have let the one with the red mask go from my collection... It's a perfect guy for a custom.
And the guns oversized let me sad. Great remakes of the Alien movies, but oversized... Grrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrrr!!!
Indeed, for the Madelman series, these weapons are perfect. I tried to get some military Madelman a while ago, but I could only find divers, fire fighters and such.


text:
Endrosa roscida är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Ignaz Schiffermüller 1776. Endrosa roscida ingår i släktet Endrosa och familjen björnspinnare. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Björnspinnare
roscida


Developer Kaname will release action game Alpha for Switch via the Nintendo eShop on April 18 for $5.00 / 480 yen, followed by PC via Steam at a later date, the company announced.
Playing games nowadays is like work. Getting together with friends, fighting bosses—all of that is cool, but having some time for yourself is pretty awesome, too.
There are times we like to spend alone having fun, and taking on challenges in a game is an awesome way to do just that.
Alpha, the latest work by Kaname, is a simple game. There are no additional in-game purchases: once it's yours, you can begin playing until you reach the end. Maybe it's time to take a break from playing games for other people.


text:
"Loyal Brave True" is a song recorded by American singer and songwriter Christina Aguilera, taken from the soundtrack to the 2020 action drama film Mulan. Co-written by Billy Crabtree, Harry Gregson-Williams, Jamie Hartman and Rosi Golan, the song was released as a single on March 6, 2020 by Walt Disney Records. "Loyal Brave True" received a nomination for the Soundtrack Song of 2020 at the 46th People's Choice Awards. It was also shortlisted as one of fifteen potential nominees for the Academy Award for Best Original Song.

Background and composition
The song is a pop ballad, co-written by Billy Crabtree, Harry Gregson-Williams, Jamie Hartman and Rosi Golan. Hartman, who also produced "Loyal Brave True", has previously worked with Aguilera on her seventh studio album Lotus (2012), writing and co-producing a dance-pop song "Army of Me".
It was Mitchell Leib, the president of music and soundtracks for the Walt Disney Studios, who opted Aguilera for the project, as she already recorded a song for the 1998's Mulan. As Gregson-Williams disclosed, "From the demo to the final song, there was a massive leap in the intensity of the song, mainly due to the fact that Christina was going to sing it."

Hartman and Gregson-Williams incorporated classic Chinese musice influences in the song—one of the instruments used during the recording sessions was guzheng.

Critical reception
In April 2020, Entertainment Focus named "Loyal Brave True" one of the best pop songs of the year so far. Entertainment Weekly editor Joey Nolfi praised Aguilera for her "powerhouse vocals", while Bianca Gracie of Billboard believed that the song is "filled with the undeniable warrior spirit we've all come to love Mulan for, but also updates the lead character's story for the 21st century". Bleeding Cool'''s Jeremy Konrad stated that Aguilera's strong voice "matches what is increasingly looking like an epic, powerful film". In December 2020, the Idolator editor Mike Wass named "Loyal Brave True" one of the best pop songs of the year, as well as one of the most underrated songs of the year. After the nominations for the 93rd Academy Awards were announced, Kory Grow of Rolling Stone wrote that the song was "surprisingly snubbed" for Best Original Song.

 Music videos
Lyric videos for both "Loyal Brave True" and "El Mejor Guerrero" premiered on YouTube on March 6, 2020, along with the single. A short teaser of the music video for "Loyal Brave True" was publicized on August 13, and the next day the video was released in its full form. A Spanish-language video for "El Mejor Guerrero" premiered on YouTube's DisneyMusicVEVO channel simultaneously.

 Legacy
In November 2021, Pamela Yuri covered the song on the tenth season of a reality talent show The Voice Brasil. The same year it was performed by Gabriela Marszał during the blind auditions of The Voice Kids Poland''.

Accolades

Credits and personnel
Personnel

Credits adapted from Tidal.

Charts

Weekly charts

Year-end charts

References

External links

2020 singles
2020 songs
2020s ballads
Christina Aguilera songs
Pop ballads
Songs from Mulan (franchise)
Songs written by Jamie Hartman
Walt Disney Records singles
Songs written by Rosi Golan


I make resolution as and when I feel necessary,don't wait for new year.I make a resolution today that I will post only text and no pictures as I want a tough challenge for my goal. I will stay on fast until I get 30 likes on my blog.
I plan to do this.


Blockchain has no applications, and it's just hype. Angular is more opinionated, and that's why large corporations prefer it over React. Kubernetes is the Linux of the cloud-native world. Every month there is a new DevOps tool that will save your deployment pipeline. We hear and read these controversial statements very often and a lot of fierce commentaries about them. Blog posts, opinions, and discussions on Reddit or real life are part of the "ranting" culture around software engineers. Join this panel and listen to what our panelists have to say about trigger phrases.
With 25 years of experience in Software Engineering plus a strong passion and know-how in the Artificial Intelligence field, Mr. Wilder Rodrigues has contributed extensively to the AI community in The Netherlands. He is currently an Ambassador of the City.AI Global Community and a Dean of the School of AI. In addition to that, he is one of 30 finalists of the IBM Watson AI XPRIZE competition, along with the t2h2o.com team; father of the SineReLU activation function, which is part of Keras framework; CTO at Transport Learning LLC; Artificial Intelligence at aigent.com; and founder at ekholabs.
Tech Lead, Reactive Architect and Scala Developer. Community guy at the root - I'm the organiser of the [Reactive Amsterdam](https://www.meetup.com/Reactive-Amsterdam/) meetup. Long distance bicycle touring and fingerpicking guitar.
Lian always wanted to save the world. After a failed attempt at becoming a lawyer, she decided to do something with computers instead. Currently, Lian works as Software Engineer at Container Solutions, a consultancy focused on cloud-native infrastructure based in Amsterdam. In her free time, she enjoys working on dev related projects from machine learning to hardware hacking.


Dinesh Karthik did the unbelievable, blow a last-ball six to grant the Republic of India a vital four-wicket prevail upon Bangladesh within the Nidahas Trophy last at the R. Premadasa structure in Colombo on Sunday night.
Requiring 5 off the last ball, Karthik crushed Soumya Sarkar for a most extreme over extra cowl to send the swarm and his partners into a craze.
India captain Virat Kohli, United Nations agency was rested from the Nidahas Trophy, was all approval for Karthik and also the Indian cluster and took to Twitter on Monday to form a bearing on India's most up-to-date saint. Kohli adulated his colleagues for a "total cluster execution" and praised Kohli for his distinctive thump.
Next articleEk Do Teen Song , The Jacqueline Fernandez is on fire.
I have seen this match too well, Dinesh Karthik…that's the match-winner six.


Started with Phil Stefani's Signature Events in 2002.
Most unusual food you've ever eaten?
When I was 16 years old, I tried sautéed scorpions in Mexico. At the time, I thought they were pretty good.
If you could eat one meal for the rest of your life, what would it be?
My Grandmother's recipe for Mole sauce-it's the BEST!