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THE POTENTIAL INHIBITORY EFFECTS OF THE COMMERCIAL DIETS ON PROTEASE ACTIVITIES OF Dentex dentex LARVAE AND LIVE FOODS
Mehmet Naz1*, Manuel Yufera2
1Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, İskenderun-HATAY
2Instituto de Ciencias Marinas de Andalucia, CSIC Poligono Rio. S.Pedro Puerto Real, Cadiz, Spain
Mehmet NAZ
Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi, Su Ürünleri Fakültesi, İskenderun-Hatay TURKEY
Tel: (+90 326) 614 16 93
The aim of this study was to determine the potential inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae and live foods. The highest and lowest protease ac-tivity of larvae was 387.08 ±0.23 U/mg protein and 54.66 ±0.15 U/mg protein, respectively. The highest and lowest protease activities of live foods were found in Artemia metanaupli (414.5 ±0.41 U/mg protein) and rotifer (156.25 ±0.09 U/mg protein), respectively. The signifi-cant differences between inhibition amounts of commercial diets on protease activities of lar-vae and live foods were found (p0.05). Also, the significant differences between the inhibi-tion percents were observed (p0.05). The highest inhibition percents of Caviar (200-300μ), Caviar (300-500μ) and copeod were found as 91.86 ±0.26%, 90.72 ±0.13% and 90.82 ±0.22% in enriched rotifers, respectively. In addition, the highest inhibition percents of Caviar (100-200μ) and Proton (200-400μ) were observed as 93.57 ±0.18% and 93.34 ±0.22% in the larvae on day 35, respectively. The effect of Caviar (200-300μ) on protease activities of rotifer was the lowest. In general, copepod had the lower inhibitory effect han those of other com-mercial diets on protease activities of larvae. Copepod showed the lowest effect on protease activity of larvae on day 30. The inhibition percents of commercial diets on protease activities of live foods were high except for rotifers. Our study revealed that the inhibitory effects of commercial diets used through weaning on protease activities of larvae and live foods should be taken into account. In conclusion, the potential inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of marine fish larvae and live foods to increase the survival and growth rates in hatcheries should be investigated in future studies.
Dentex dentex, Commercial diets, Live foods, Protease activities, Inhibition
Recently, studies have been focused on the production of microdiets for weaning periods of marine larvae (Yufera et al., 1999; Yufera et al., 2000). It is known that weaning period has a critical importance for marine fish larvae. Cahu and Zambonino Infante (1994) indicated that the survival and growth of marine fish larvae fed solely on microdiet through weaning period are known to be very poor, but supplementation with live foods usually results in a marked improve-ment. To explain the success of live food over microdiets, some authors showed that fish larvae had insufficient digestive enzyme capacity for the digestion of exogenous food (Munilla- Moran et al., 1990; Kolkovski et al.,1993; Kolkovski et al.,1996). Additional studies in this regard need to define the factors that influence the better uti-lization of live food by fish larvae when com-pared to microdiets. Therefore, attention has been focused on the contribution of digestive enzymes from Artemia nauplii and rotifers commonly used in the feeding of marine fish larvae (Kurokawa et al., 1998; Garcia-Ortega et al., 1998; Garcia-Or-tega et al., 2000). Garcia-Ortega et al. (2000) showed that the contribution of digestive en-zymes from Artemia to the total digestion of food by the catfish larvae was less than 1% of the total amount of the proteolytic activity measured in the larval gut.
Other studies carried out until now focused on the changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities observed through the differ-ent developmental stages and the different periods such as the enrichment and the starvation of live foods (Garcia-Ortega et al., 1998; Naz, 2008). In addition, the effects of feed ingredients used in the production of microdiets on protease activities of seabream larvae and shrimps were studied by some researchers (Alarcon et al., 1997; Alarcon et al., 1999). However, a study on the inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae and live foods is not available. The aim of the study was to determine the potential inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae and live foods using in vitro techniques during weaning period.
The study was carried out at the Hatcharies of Pınar Marine Ltd. Co., İzmir, Turkey. Water temperature was controlled by pipe heating sys-tems. Fertilized eggs of Dentex dentex were col-lected from the broodstock tanks and incubated in conical fiber glass tanks at a temperature of 18 ºC. Newly hatched larvae were transferred from the incubators to fiber glass rearing tanks with black walls and fed according to the commercial feeding procedure (initial stocking density; ap-proximately 100 larvae l-1). All experiments were carried out in triplicate. The rearing tank supplied with running sea water that had been filtered through a UV filter. Salinity was 35-38 g l-1 dur-ing the experiment. The oxygen levels were maintained above 6.5 mg l-1 with liquid oxygen systems. Air and fresh sea water were introduced into the bottoms of the tanks to prevent water stratification.
Rotifers (Branchionus plicatilis) cultured on baker's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisae) were enriched with Selco. The average water temper-ature and salinity were 25ºC and 25 ppt, respec-tively. Samples for the protease activities and in-hibition assays were taken from rotifers and en-riched rotifers.
Artemia cysts were incubated in filtered sea-water at 30 ºC under continuous aeration and il-lumination. After 24 h, Artemia nauplii were collected and then washed with tap water and then the enrichment with Selco was done. Sam-ples for the protease activities and inhibition as-says were taken from newly hatched nauplii and enriched nauplii.
Extracts of larvae and live foods
Dentex dentex larvae fed on commercial feeding procedure were sampled eight times, with 5-day interval between sampling, during the 35-day sampling period (from day 30 to day 65). Larvae were taken before the morning feeding and immediately stored in liquid nitrogen (-196ºC) to prevent protein autolysis. Live food samples were stored in the same procedure. Sam-ples were rinsed in distilled water after thawing and then extracts of larvae and live foods were prepared by homogenization of the whole larvae followed by centrifugation (16000 g, 30 min, 4ºC).
Commercial diet extracts
Commercial diets used in this study were Caviar (100-200μ; 200-300μ; 300-500μ, BERNAQUA), Copepod (BERNAQUA) and Proton (200-400μ, INVE). Extracts of commer-cial diets prepared by homogenization (100 mg mL-1 in distilled water) followed by centrifuga-tion (15000 g, 10 min) were used in the analyses.
Determination of protease activities of lar-vae and live foods
Total protease activities of larvae and live foods were measured as described by Walter (1984), using casein (10 mg mL-1) in 50 mM Tris-HCl buffer at pH 8.5 as the substrate. The mixtures including extracts of larvae and live foods and substrate were incubated and then the reaction was stopped by addition of 500μl tri-chloroaceticacid (TCA) (120 g L-1). The absorb-ance was recorded at 280 nm. One unit of en-zyme activity was defined as 1 μg of tyrosine re-lease per minute. All measurements were carried out in triplicate. The soluble protein concentra-tions of larvae and live foods were determined according to Bradford (1976).
Effects of commercial diets on protease activities of larvae and live foods
The inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of larvae and live foods were determined by measuring the reduction in prote-ase activity of extracts using a modification of the method described by Garcia-Carreno (1996). The method is based on the measurement of re-sidual protease activity remaining after preincu-bation with different commercial diets such as Caviar, Copepod and Proton.
Results are given as mean± standard error (SE). Comparisons were made using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, and differ-ences were considered significant at the p<0.05 level. SPSS statistical software was used for sta-tistical analyses (SPSS, 1993).
The changes observed in protease activities of larvae and live foods are given in Figure 1 and Figure 2, respectively. The highest and lowest protease activity of larvae was 387.08 ±0.23 U/mg protein and 54.66±0.15 U/mg protein, re-spectively. The highest and lowest protease activities of live foods were found in Artemia metanaupli (414.5 ±0.41 U/mg protein) and rotifer (156.25 ±0.09 U/mg protein), respectively.
Figure 1.The changes observed in the protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae (U/mg protein)
Figure 2. The changes observed in the protease activities of live foods (U/ mg protein)
The inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of larvae and live foods are shown in Table 1. The significant differences between inhibition amounts of commercial diets on protease activities of larvae and live foods were found (p<0.05).
Table 1. Inhibitions of commercial diets on protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae and live foods (U/mg protein)
The inhibition percents of commercial diets on protease activities of larvae and live foods are given in Figure 3 and Figure 4, respectively. The significant differences between the inhibition percents were observed (p<0.05). The highest inhibition percents of Caviar (200-300μ), Caviar (300-500μ) and copepod were found as 91.86 ±0.26%, 90.72 ±0.13% and 90.82 ±0.22% in en-riched rotifers, respectively. In addition, the highest inhibition percents of Caviar (100-200μ) and Proton (200-400μ) were observed as 93.57 ±0.18% and 93.34 ±0.22% in the larvae on day 35, respectively. The effect of Caviar (200-300μ) on protease activities of rotifer was the lowest. In general, copepod had the lower inhibitory effect than those of other commercial diets on protease activities of larvae. Copepod showed the lowest effect on protease activity of larvae on day 30. The inhibition percents of commercial diets on protease activities of live foods were high except for rotifers.
Figure 3. Inhibition degrees of commercial diets on protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae
Figure 4. Inhibition degrees of commercial diets on protease activities of live foods
The aim of the present study was to determine the potential inhibitory effects of commercial di-ets on protease activities of Dentex dentex larvae and live foods used commonly in the feeding of marine fish larvae. The fluctuations in the prote-ase activities of larvae through weaning period were observed. Protease activities of larvae tended to increase from day 30 to day 40 and de-creased after day 40. Zambonino Infante and Cahu (2001) indicated that the decline observed in specific activities of enzymes is not due to a diminution in enzyme synthesis but is the result of an increase in tissue proteins. The results found on protease activities of live foods showed that protease activity of Artemia metanauplii was higher than that of Artemia nauplii while rotifers and enriched rotifers had similar protease activi-ties. These differences may be the result of the developmental status.
Our results revealed that commercial diets such as Proton (200-400μ), Caviar (100-200 μ) and Caviar (300-500 μ) caused a significant inhi-bition on protease activities of larvae and live foods. However, Caviar (200-300μ) and Copepod had the lower inhibition on protease activities of larvae. As reported by some researcher, the di-gestive performances of marine fish larvae fed solely on microdiets are known to be very poor (Cahu and Zambonino Infante, 1994). On the other hand, marine fishes appear to have high protease activities in the larval stages (Cahu and Zambonino Infante, 1994; Cahu and Zambonino Infante, 1995; Moyano et al., 1996). Some au-thors hypothesized based on the above findings that the limited utilization of microdiets may be related to partial inhibition of protease activities by some dietary factors. Alarcon et al. (1999) showed that ovalbumin significantly reduced (60%) the activity of proteases in 8-day-old sea bream larvae. Similar results were found when commercially produced microcapsules containing ovalbumin were tested using shrimp proteases (Alarcon et al., 1997).
In present study, the inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of live foods were investigated. According to the results of the study, the inhibitory effects on protease activities of live foods except for rotifer were high. The inhibition percents of Caviar (200-300μ) and copepod on protease activities of roti-fers were lower than those of other live foods. Our results show that rotifers are the most suita-ble live food together with commercial diets such as Caviar (200-300μ) and copepod through weaning period. Cahu and Zambonino Infante (1994) indicated that although marine fish larvae fed solely on microdiets exhibite poor per-formance, but supplementation with live foods usually results in a marked improvement.
In conclusion, the survival and growth of ma-rine fish larvae in hatcheries have been observed to be the low levels for larval stages. Our study revealed that low survival and growth rates may be related to the result of inhibitory effects of the commercial diets on protease activities of both Dentex dentex larvae and live foods. To increase the success through weaning period, the inhibi-tory effects of commercial diets used through weaning on protease activities of live foods should be taken into account. Rotifers and larvae had a good performance together with commer-cial diets such as Caviar (200-300μ) and Cope-pod. The present study provides information about the inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of larvae and live foods. When such data becomes available, they will serve the replacement of live foods with mi-crodiets. For this reason, the inhibitory effects of commercial diets on protease activities of marine fish larvae and live foods to increase the survival and growth rates in hatcheries should be investi-gated in future studies.
Alarcon, F.J., Diaz, M., Moyano, F.J., (1997). Studies of digestive enzymes in characteri-zation and practical applications, Cahiers Options Méditerranéennes, 22: 113-121.
Alarcon, F.J., Moyano, F.J., Diaz, M., Fernandez Diaz, C., Yufera, M., (1999). Optimization of the protein fraction of microcapsules used in feding of marine fish larvae using in vitro digestibility techniques, Aquaculture Nutri-tion, 5: 107-113. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.1999.00093.x
Bradford, M.M., (1976). A rapid sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilising the principle of protein-dye binding, Analytical Biochemis-try, 72: 248-254. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Cahu, C.L., Zambonino Infante, J.L., (1994). Early weaning of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae with a compound diet:effect on digestive enzymes, Comparative Bio-chemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiol-ogy, 109A(2): 213-222. doi: 10.1016/0300-9629(94)90123-6
Cahu, C.L., Zambonino Infante, J.L., (1995). Ef-fect of the molecular form of dietary nitro-gen supply in sea bass larvae: Response of pancreatic enzymes and intestinal pepti-dases, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 14: 209-214. doi: 10.1007/BF00004311
Cahu, C.L., Zambonino Infante, J.L., (1995). Maturation of the pancreatic and intestinal digestive functions in sea bass (Dicentrar-chus labrax): effect of weaning with differ-ent protein sources, Fish Physiology and Bi-ochemistry, 14: 431-437. doi: 10.1007/BF00004343
Garcia-Carreno, F.L., (1996). Proteinase inhibi-tors, Trends Food Sci Technol., 7: 197-204. doi: 10.1016/0924-2244(96)10023-6
Garcia-Ortega, A., Verreth, J., Coutteau, P., Se-gner, H., Huisman, E.A., Sorgeloos, P., (1998). Biochemical and enzymatic charac-terization of decapsulated cysts and nauplii of the brine shrimp Artemia at different de-velopmental stages, Aquaculture, 161: 501-514. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00297-4
Garcia-Ortega, A., Verreth, J., Segner, H., (2000). Post-prandial protease activity in the digestive tract of African catfish Clarias gariepinus larvae fed decapsulated cysts of Artemia, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 22: 237-244. doi: 10.1023/A:1007893223006
Kolkovski, S., Tandler, A., Kissil, W.G., Gertlez, A., (1993). The effect of dietary exogenous digestive enzymes on ingestion, assimila-tion, growth and survival of gilthead sea-bream (Sparus aurata,L.) larvae, Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 12(3): 203-209. doi: 10.1007/BF00004368
Kolkovski, S., Kowen, W., Tandler, A., (1997). The mode of action of Artemia in enhancing utilisation of microdiet by gilthead seabream Sparus aurata larvae, Aquaculture, 155: 193-205. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00117-8
Kurokawa, T., Shiraishi, M., Suzuki, T., (1998). Quantification of exogenous protease de-rived from zooplankton in the intestine of Japanese sardine Sardinops melanotictus larvae, Aquaculture, 161:491-499. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(97)00296-2
Moyano, F.J., Diaz, M., Alarcon, F.J., Sarasquete, M.C., (1996). Characterization of digestive enzyme activity during larval development of gilthead seabream Sparus aurata, Fish Physiology and Biochemis-try,15: 121-130. doi: 10.1007/BF01875591
Munilla-Moran, R., Starch, J.R., Barbout, A., (1990). The role of exogenous enzymes in digestion in cultured turbot larvae (Scoph-thalmus maximus), Aquaculture, 88: 337–350. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90159-K
Naz, M., (2008). The changes in the biochemical compositions and enzymatic activities of ro-tifer (Branchionus plicatilis, Müller) and Artemia during the enrichment and starva-tion period, Fish Physiology and Biochem-istry,34: 391-404. doi: 10.1007/s10695-007-9199-5
SPSS, (1993). SPSS for Windows Base System User's Guide,release 8.0.2, Chicago, USA.
Walter, H.E., (1984). Proteinases: methods with hemoglobin, casein and azocoll as sub-strates, In: Methods of Enzymatic Analysis (Bergmeyer, H.J. ed.), 5: 270-277.
Yufera, M., Pascual, E., Fernandez Diaz, C., (1999). A highly efficient microencapsulated food for rearing early larvae of marine fish, Aquaculture, 177: 249-256. doi: 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00088-5
Yufera, M., Fernandez Diaz, C., Pascual, E., Sarasquete, M.C., Moyano, F.J., Diaz, M., Alarcon, F.J., Garcia-Gallego, M., Para, G., (2000). Towards an inert diet for first feeeding gilthead seabream Sparus aurata L. Larvae, Aquaculture Nutrition, 6: 143-152. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2095.2000.00110.x
Zambonino Infante, J.L., Cahu, C.L., (2001). Ontogeny of the gastrointestinal tract of ma-rine fish larvae, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C, 130: 477-487.


Participants were invited from the CIPD Members LinkedIn group, the CIPD communities, and the CIPD Facebook group. 613 participated. Of those, over 70% have been in HR for more than 11 years.
Processing of one word data.
During data analysis, spellings were corrected, and capitalisation resolved. No words were merged.
Looking at the top 10 words, it can be seen there is a range of things being addressed. Interesting that training is seen as "development".
Some years ago "Training & Development" departments rebranded to be called "Learning & Development". The word training was removed and learning added. Does this mean that "Training & Development" departments or functions were actually "Development & Development" departments?
As a professional in this space, it is worrying that "Training" is seen as "Development" by so many. Now on one hand that suggests that Training is held in great esteem, but on the other, it shows a lack of understanding of what "Development" is actually about. For example you can "Train Managers", but you need to "Develop Leaders". Some people train a lot, and they learn new skills, but that does not mean they have developed as a person. Development is really hard, and not often achieved.
Respondents to the survey seem to have a level of confusion of the various strategies and purposes around learning, training and development. If people in HR do not "get" the subtle differences, then what hope do we have of educating the average manager or business leader?
Results from this survey are just a light weight touch in a moment of time, but for me it rings alarm bells about the state of our profession.


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Q: If sample size is 20 and I want to know the probability of 2 or less. Am I making harder then it is based on this question:  See my answer below.
F2 population of a plant species (which is a diploid) resulted from a cross between a plant with red flowers and a plant with white flowers. The flower color is controlled by a single gene; each of the parents is homozygous for the gene; the red allele is dominant over the white allele. When you scored 20 F2 plants, what is the probability to have the number of plants with white flowers
is 2 or fewer?
probability  = 2/20 + 1/20 + 0/20 = 0.15

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November 16 1894/1994
Jackson - Fred Williams is to put in a radiator in the house of Annie Marshy Guaranteed to heat the room equal to a coal stove.
Lawsville - Last week Thursday night two fellows broke into George Lindsley's mill and made a fire on the floor of some papers to see to force the tool chest open but did not succeed. They took a sledgehammer and spade and left them on Mr. Tingley's store stoop. They also tried to get into George Meeker's shop again, and then they went away to come back Saturday night, bringing two more with them. Andrew Warner lives over Mr. Tingley's store. They went up stairs and bursted the door open and held a revolver to his head and told him to keep still or they would shoot him. They look two dollars all the money he had, and then went down and broke in the store. They could not get the safe open, so they took some underclothing. They all had masks on. This is the fifth time Lawsville has been disturbed in a short time. They took a horse out of Charles Smith, at Corbettsville, and drove up here. If they are caught they will not meet with much mercy.
Auburn Corners- When read of the Ladies Aid at Shannon Hill piecing one bed quill and sewing several hundred pounds of carpet rags at one visit do really become dissatisfied with ours. Why, they think if they sew 100 pounds of rags at one visit they are doing a nice thing. Ladies, you must do better. AND Oilie Birch returned last week from the far west. He thinks he will go back in about three or four weeks. Pam Harris, his cousin, talks very strong of going back with him and performs the duties of a cowboy. Pam would make a good one.
Franklin Forks - The Acid Works have closed and Rumor says are to be moved away. Quite bad for those who have wood to sell.
Herrick Centre - The chicken pie supper was a success. A goodly number was present, and all went home saying, "I ate enough chicken pie for once." Proceeds $27.
Hop Bottom- Hopbottom like most little towns, has its busy bodies, and for the benefit of such persons, and all others concerned will say the widow Merrill is being boarded and cared for by Mr. & Mrs. Charles Ruland, worthy residents of Hopbottom, who take good care of the old lady, and for which they receive thirteen dollars per month, and the amount is paid by her son A.J. Merrill who lives in Scranton, and her son-in-law, A.E. Bell, who lives in Hopbottom. It would be a fine thing if all the old people living in Hopbottom were as well provided for. One who knows.
Rush - The framework of the big barn, 40 x 60 now in course of erection for the Hon. H.J. Millard, in Rush, was raised recently, by the builders, assisted by a goodly number of neighbors and friends. The Rush Cornet band was also on hand, and whilst aiding very materially by their muscular energy, they also rendered the occasion pleasant and memorable by playing a number of fine selections. During the raising the friends and relatives arrived to visit the Elder and family.
Clifford - Burgess Smith, 85 years old, has dug and buried over 200 bushels of potatoes this fall and has husked quite a quantity of corn, and has now commenced culling wood for winter. What man of his age can beat it?
Springville - Mrs. Grattan is agent for the Royal Worcester corset. Try them, they are such a nice form. You can find them by calling at her store.
Harford - The contest supper at Odd Fellows Hall, Saturday evening, Nov. 10, for the benefit of the G.A.R. Post, resulted in the victory of the slippery oyster, with the old rooster in hot pursuit. Receipts from the oysters, $12.30, for the chicken, $11.50.

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Kellogg operating profit dips 25.4% as cereal sales continue to fall
USA – The Kellogg Company recorded an operating profit drop of 25.4% in its first-quarter results, as falling cereal sales and "business realignment costs" marked a difficult start to the year for the company, according to FoodBev report.
Following the release of the results, Kellogg's – which owns major brands such as Corn Flakes, Rice Crispies and Pop Tarts also announced that its chief financial officer Fareed Khan is leaving the business, and he will be succeeded by Amit Banati, who is currently president, Kellogg Asia Pacific, Africa & Middle East (AMEA).
On a reported basis, Kellogg's cereal sales in North America fell 5%, with the company blaming "continued category softness", due in part to changing consumption habits as consumers switch to snack bars and other breakfast options, while the transition to new pack sizes and the timing of shipments also affected cereal sales.
Overall North American net sales in the quarter decreased by approximately 2% year-on-year, as the growth of brands such as Pringles, Cheez- Itz, Rice Krispies Treats, and Pop-Tarts through portfolio updates was offset by a significant recall of RXBAR snacks bars during the quarter.
Despite this, Kellogg's reported net sales for the quarter increased 3.5% year-on-year to US$3.52 billion, driven predominantly by acquisitions and the strong performance of Kellogg's international divisions.
In particular, the company claimed that the consolidation of Nigerian distributor Multipro in May 2018 contributed to a 60% rise in net sales growth in the company's AMEA unit, also boosted by rising Pringles sales across the region.
"Coming out of Q1, we remain squarely on strategy and on plan.
"We improved our top-line growth through more and better innovation, momentum on revitalised brands, and continued expansion in emerging markets," said Steve Cahillane, Kellogg Company's chairman and CEO.
"We also restructured our organization for greater agility, and further reshaped our future portfolio by reaching an agreement to sell certain brands later this summer.
"Meantime, we overcame some unexpected headwinds in our North America business in Q1 and delivered earnings that keep us on track for the year's financial targets."
On the appointment of Banati as the company's new CFO, Cahillane added: "We are pleased to be able to succeed Fareed with a Kellogg executive as outstanding as Amit Banati.
"With his strategic vision, operational discipline, and financial acumen, Amit has been a driving force behind the transformation of our business in AMEA."
He noted that this region is on a path to more than double in size, in both net sales and operating profit, since Amit became its President, and has shown top-line and bottom-line growth.
Financials & Economy, Grains, Milling, Baking & Feed, Investments & Funding News, WORLD NEWS
New IFPRI report calls for increased funding in agriculture sector
Japanese organisation inaugurates Shea butter processing facility in Ghana


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Miguel Moreno (* 1. April 1977 in Toledo) ist ein spanischer Futsaltrainer.

Werdegang
Seit 2001 war Moreno in verschiedenen Trainerpositionen tätig, unter anderem für Playas de Castellon (2001–2005), Interviu Movistar (2005–2009), Dina Moskau (2009–2012), den FC Eindhoven (2014–2015) und den FC Barcelona (2016–2020).

Außerdem trainierte Moreno folgende Futsal-Nationalmannschaften: Spanien (2008–2009), Niederlande (2013–2015), Aserbaidschan (2015–2016). Seit 2021 gehört Moreno außerdem dem Trainerteam der deutschen Futsalnationalmannschaft unter Cheftrainer Marcel Loosveld an.

Weblinks
 Miguel Andres Moreno auf der Website der Futsalnationalmannschaft

Einzelnachweise

Futsalnationaltrainer (Spanien)
Futsalnationaltrainer (Niederlande)
Spanier
Geboren 1977
Mann
Futsalnationaltrainer (Aserbaidschan)

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Цора́евский — хутор в Прохладненском районе Кабардино-Балкарской Республики. Входит в состав муниципального образования «Сельское поселение Благовещенка».

География
Хутор расположен в юго-западной части Прохладненского района, на правом берегу реки Баксанёнок. Находится в 22 км к юго-западу от районного центра Прохладный и в 48 км к северо-востоку от города Нальчик (по дороге).

Граничит с землями населённых пунктов: Благовещенка на западе, Александровский на востоке, Ново-Осетинский на юге и Минский на юго-западе.

Населённый пункт расположен на наклонной Кабардинской равнине, в равнинной зоне республики. Средние высоты на территории хутора составляют 284 метров над уровнем моря. Рельеф местности представляет собой в основном предгорные волнистые равнины с общим уклоном с юго-запада на северо-восток. К юго-западу и северо-западу от хутора имеются бугристые возвышенности изрезанные балками.

Гидрографическая сеть представлена рекой Баксанёнок и родниковым ручьём Чёрная Речка. К северу от села расположены несколько запруднённых озёр. Местность высоко обеспечена водой, благодаря близкому залеганию грунтовых вод к поверхности земли.

Климат влажный умеренный с тёплым летом и прохладной зимой. Амплитуда температуры воздуха колеблется от средних +23,0°С в июле, до средних -2,5°С в январе. Среднегодовая температура составляет +10,5°С. Среднегодовое количество осадков составляет около 600 мм.

История
В 1903 году у кабардинских князей Тыжевых стал арендовать землю осетинский предприниматель Цораев Темирбулат, который впоследствии перевёз из Осетии в Кабарду значительное количество рода Цораевых и основал хутор Цораевский.

В 1924 году хутор включён в состав новообразованного Первомайского сельсовета.

Ныне хутор слился с другими селениями сельского поселения Благовещенка и фактически представляют собой один населённый пункт.

Население

 Национальный состав
По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2002 года, 80 % населения хутора составляли осетины.

 Половозрастной состав
По данным Всероссийской переписи населения 2010 года:

Мужчины — 64 чел. (52,5 %). Женщины — 58 чел. (47,5 %).

Средний возраст населения — 36,6 лет. Медианный возраст населения — 35,3 лет.

Средний возраст мужчин — 33,9 лет. Медианный возраст мужчин — 34,8 лет.

Средний возраст женщин — 39,5 лет. Медианный возраст женщин — 36,0 лет.

Инфраструктура
Основные объекты социальной инфраструктуры расположены на территории хутора (микрорайона) — Ново-Осетинский.

Улицы
На территории хутора зарегистрировано всего 1 улица — Зелёная:

Ссылки
 Инвестиционный паспорт сельского поселения Благовещенка

Примечания

Населённые пункты Прохладненского района


Kevin Kohls has held many improvement positions, from Director of Throughput Analysis and Simulation, Lean Director, Red X Champion, as well as Director of Consulting for several firms. He has won the prestigious INFORM's Franz Edelman award, the Boss Kettering Award for Innovation, and the Chairman's Honors award while working for General Motors. His work is featured as a case study in the 20th anniversary edition of The Goal by Eli Goldratt.
His efforts to improve GM production systems, external suppliers, and designing profitable manufacturing systems has accounted for $2 billion in bottom line results. His work in automated data collection, bottleneck analysis, the Throughput Improvement Process, and the simulation of new facilities has become "standard work" in GM. The simulation methods he championed at GM reduced the start up time for new manufacturing systems from 18 months to less than 2 months. His client list includes Johnson & Johnson, the Detroit Medical Center, Magna, Dollar/Thrifty Rental Car, Blue Cross Blue Shield of Michigan, Spirit AeroSystems, AmMed Direct, Piedmont Medical Laboratory, ADP, Northern Engraving, and Belvac.
Copyright 2016 Kohls Consulting. All rights reserved.


Sometime back, we organized a blogging contest at www.Indiblogger.in. We invited stories from bloggers about interesting people they met during their travels. The activity got really inspiring and a series of extraordinary blogs surfaced. Out of those, 5 best entries were selected for a chance to travel to the States, Australia, UK, Japan and Singapore.
Today, those 5 bloggers have their bags packed and are ready to fly. Standby, as these modern day Marco Polos will tour Expedia offices and share their travel tales with you. Be there. Journey with them.


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Sisterly love as Eleanor from Penwortham gets ready for Race for Life in Preston
Eleanor McMonagle, of Penwortham, and sister Lena Linklater at a previous Race for Life event
Natalie Walker
Published: 10:50 Tuesday 17 April 2018
Eleanor McMonagle never believed she could be a runner – until her elder sister was diagnosed with cancer and all that changed.
READ MORE: Click here for more stories
Eleanor McMonagle,of Penwortham, with daughters Sian and Anais at a previous Race for Life event
The 52-year-old, from Penwortham, took part in her first Cancer Research UK Race for Life at Preston eight years ago after her elder sister was diagnosed with thyroid cancer and she has taken part ever since.
It was her sister, Lena Linklater, 54, who lives in Dundee, Scotland, who encouraged Eleanor to start running.
Eleanor says: "She was my inspiration. I wanted to raise money for research. She did some running. I didn't think I could possibly run but she encouraged me to start slowly round the block a couple of times and build it up from there.
"I tried what she suggested and I have been running ever since."
I didn't think I could possibly run but she encouraged me to start slowly round the block a couple of times and build it up from there.
Eleanor, who works part-time as a dinner lady at Cop Lane Primary School, was given even more reason to take part in Race for Life after her mum, Dolina Thompson, was also diagnosed with ovarian cancer.
Eleanor's sister Lena, who is now clear of cancer, encouraged her to run a marathon and she took part in her first one in Liverpool in 2015. Together they raised £1000 for Cancer Research UK.
Eleanor, who has four children, adds: "It was an amazing experience. Mum was so proud of us".
Dolina, who was known as "Lena" like her daughter in Scotland, also lived in Penwortham. She lost her battle aged 77 after the cancer spread to her bowel and stomach.
Dolina Thompson, of Penwortham, who died of cancer in 2015, aged 77
Eleanor and other family members – including Lena, a policewoman, who travelled from Scotland - looked after their mum for as long as they could until she was moved to St Catherine's Hospice.
Eleanor says: "With help from carers we wanted to keep her at home as long as possible. Mum was amazing. She never complained. When she was transferred to St Catherine's we thought she was losing her battle.
"But she did perk up enough to be sent home where she wanted to die."
Fire crews battle blaze at Boars Head pub in Barton
Dolina died in August 2015 with the whole family around her.
Eleanor McMonagle, of Penwortham, with her mum, Dolina Thompson
As well as her three daughters, her two sons travelled from Orkney and Dunstable to be with her.
Eleanor adds: "She was such a strong woman. She was inspirational."
Her loss encouraged Eleanor to continue running and as well as Race for Life she has since completed a half marathon.
Eleanor has been accompanied by her two youngest daughters, Sian, 16 and Anais, 10, at the more recent Race for Life events in Preston. Sian, was first to cross the finish line last year.
They all plan to take part again in June and Eleanor has persuaded her other sister, Dee Ibbotson, who also lives in Preston, to take part.
Eleanor says: "The atmosphere is just amazing. I love the warm up and seeing so many women in pink there for a good cause. The first time I took part I felt really nervous but everyone is so happy.
"When I look at the reasons women are taking part from their back signs, I find the day quite emotional.
"If my story can encourage anyone else to do Race for Life, then that would be great".
One in two people in the UK will be diagnosed with cancer at some stage in their lives, but the good news is more people are surviving the disease now than ever before. Cancer survival in the UK has doubled since the early 1970s and Cancer Research UK's work has been at the heart of that progress.
Jane Bullock, Cancer Research UK's North West spokeswoman, says: "We are very grateful to Eleanor and her family for their support.
"Taking part in Race for Life is a special and unique experience - full of emotion, courage, tears and laughter.
"By joining like-minded ladies committed to the cause, women can unite against a disease that affects us all in some way. Every step participants take will help to support crucial research."
Race for Life Pretty Muddy events for both children and adults will be held at Moor Park on Saturday June 16.
A 5k and 10k event will be held at Moor Park on Sunday June 17.
To enter Race for Life today visit www.raceforlife.org or call 0300 123 0770.
Every year, around 41,700 people are diagnosed with cancer in the North West.
Leyland Market's statue mystery may have been solved
These are the 53 worst Lancashire roads for fatal vehicle accidents
Preston man, 22, beaten unconscious in homophobic attack outside city centre McDonald's


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Coleenlemane – A Walk into History
Finola has written about the destination of our adventures yesterday – the inscribed 'caves' at Coleenlemane. Above is a photo of the view from the 'cave' entrance, looking back at the glen which we journeyed across. My post today is about that journey on foot through decades of human history and thousands of years of topographical transformation.
Upper – looking back and leaving the world behind: a rough track climbs up from the entrance to the Coleenlemane valley and very soon we were absorbed into the wild emptiness of the mountainsides (lower)
When I looked into the furthest reaches of the glen as we made our way over the rocky track I saw first, in my mind's eye, the movement of the glacier which shaped it – the splintering, shuddering path it took and the debris it left in its wake: strangely distorted outcrops and huge erratic boulders feigning dice unrestrainedly scattered by a random hand.
Scribings on the rocks in the glen of Coleenlemane: these are made by nature (and the movement of glaciers) long before humans appeared in Ireland. I often wonder whether observation of these marks could have inspired our earliest artists?
Then I couldn't help the vision that came into my mind of herds of the huge Irish Elk – Megaloceros giganteus – that ruled places such as this in Ireland after the ice receded 10,000 years ago. It was around that time that human habitation came back to these revitalised lands: some say that it was human hunters who wiped out the elk – and the bear – in Ireland using spears, bows and rocks. When you are immersed in these wild places, with no signs of the 21st century around you, it is easy to imagine such scenes from the distant past.
But – lonely and remote as this valley seems today – there is significant evidence of enduring human occupation here. As we journeyed up to the 'caves' we were tracing ancient tracks and paths and saw the remains of several settlements: stone walls, enclosures including a cashel, and many haphazard piles of rock that presumably came from rudimentary field clearances. We had the good fortune to meet and talk to Pat Joe O'Leary, who resides in the last house before you enter the glen, and he told us that sixteen families had lived out here.
Some of the many traces that remain of the dwellings which were once occupied by families eking out their lives in the remoteness of Coleenlemane and (lower image) piles of stones cleared from the lands to provide pastures and potato beds
It's right to describe the stories that Pat Joe told us as living memories, because he carries them. His own family has lived in the valley for generations so – like the bards of old – he is the keeper of the traditions and lore of the area. One of his tales was about a man from the glen who was the last to be hanged in Cork gaol. His name was Timothy Cadogan, and he was accused of the murder of William Bird, a land agent, at Bantry in 1900. Tim Cadogan was from one of the families who lived in Coleenlemane – who had been evicted by Bird – and Pat Joe assured us that the name T Cadogan is inscribed on a stone beside one of the old buildings in the valley. Unfortunately, we did not hear this until we were returning from our expedition, so missed seeing the stone. Interestingly there is a record in the Schools Folklore Collection – in Irish – describing the same event, more or less in the same words that Pat Joe used. The event occurred in 1900, became recorded as folklore in 1936, and was told to us as oral tradition in 2019!
Contemporary newspaper account of the hanging of Timothy Cadogan – formerly from Coleenamane – on 11 January 1901. Cadogan was tried twice before being sentenced to hang. The 'Bungled Execution' is reported as a failure on the part of the executioner, causing the condemned man to suffer a long, slow death by strangulation
Ignorant of such thoughts of the harsh realities of the world – even this far-away corner of it – we reached our destination: the 'caves'. This is an unusual rock formation where a large outcrop has been split into enormous slabs, probably through glacial action. The rocks lean against each other and form crude shelters, within which are the inscribed surfaces. Finola's post describes these in detail.
The rocks which form the 'caves' have a brooding presence on the landscape. It's not surprising that they harbour enigmatic symbols with some possible other-worldly connotations
In addition to the sites of old farms and cottages that we passed by and explored on our trail, we clearly saw the imprint of 'lazy-beds' – ridge and furrow arable cultivation methods traditionally used in Ireland for planting the potato. These took our minds back to famine times and the harsh reality of having to forge an existence out of minimal resources. Also, we could only wonder at how clearly life – and history – have been etched into these aged and incredibly beautiful landscapes.
The very clear impressions of the potato beds which tell of the subsistence farming practiced for generations in Coleenlemane accompanied our hike
Looking back on our day in the wildness of West Cork, my abiding memories are beauty and poignancy. I have used this term before – achingly beautiful – and I often have to return to it in order to try to sum up my own emotional reaction to such unique places in Ireland. You won't find these places in tourist guides – getting here is hard work! Nor will you find very much recorded in the archaeological records about Coleenlemane. But everything you see here is Ireland's real history – deep, deep history; we are fortunate in every step we take into it.
Posted in Archaeology, Cork, Folklore, Irish History, Irish Landscape, Medieval History, Nature, Photography, West Cork, West Cork Blog	Tagged Coleenlemane, Inscribed Stones, Irish Elk, Last Hanging in Cork Gaol, Lazy-Beds, Timothy Cadogan
Inish Beg Estate: Ancient Woods and New Discoveries
Craving a woodland walk, we took ourselves to Inish Beg this week – and found a lot more than bluebells!
This is a cillin, down beside the river. There are lots of stories associated with it
Inish Beg abounds in both the wild and the tame. That's not such an easy balance to maintain and it's a real tribute to the team on the ground that manages and nurtures the estate. Mostly, of course, it's down to the vision and hard work of Paul and Georgiana Keane who bought the place in 1997 when it was crumbling and neglected. The house, Georgie told us, was close to collapse and had to be completely re-done – new roof, plumbing, electrics and a complete re-furbishment. It's hard to believe now, when you see the beautiful place it has become.
Paul and Georgie run it now as a hotel and wedding venue and it is totally set up for it. In fact it must be one of the most romantic venues in Ireland, ideally situated on an island on the Ilen River, accessible by an old stone bridge. It was originally O'Driscoll territory, but owned by the McCarthy family. When James Morrogh inherited it from a McCarthy relative in the 1830s he changed the family name to McCarthy Morragh – such stipulations were not unusual then.
In the 1890s the family built the grand house, and it is this house that is associated with its most famous inhabitant, Kay Summersby. A noted beauty, she was Eisenhower's secretary in London during the war, and may (or may not) have had an affair with him.
She describes her early life at Inish Beg thus:
Our home, Inish Beg, was a somewhat run-down estate on a small but lovely emerald island in a river in County Cork. Our favourite pastime (I had a brother and three sisters) was to sail down that river four miles, to the Atlantic. There was a succession of governesses, hunts, spatting parents, riding in the fields and along the long avenue fringed with old trees . . . the usual pattern of life in that obsolete world.
The 'usual pattern' for some, perhaps – to me it sounds like a life of breathtaking privilege. However, like many such estates, it became difficult to sustain and by time the Keanes took it over it desperately needed their infusion of enthusiasm and capital. And what a magnificent job they have done with not only the house but the grounds as well.
There's a walled garden (above) that's full of organic goodies for the estate kitchens, and also features an indoor swimming pool! Tony O'Mahony, the head gardener, practises an organic philosophy and does not feel the need to eliminate wildness from the garden, which results in a delightful mix of plant life.
But we were here mainly for the woodland walks and we were certainly not disappointed. You could spend several hours wandering the trails here and right now the undergrowth is glorious. Bluebells were in abundance along with every wildflower that contributes to that colourful spring carpet that is so dear to our senses.
There are trails for the kids – pirates and a wildlife search are part of the system, as well as little fairy houses here and there.
There are lovely views (above) across the Ilen to the ruined church at Aughadown – burial place of the Tonsons that I wrote about in New Court Bridge – a Hidden Wonder. Surprisingly, beyond the church, you can see Mount Gabriel. I mention this because of its significance with our next find – a previously unrecorded cupmarked stone!
Regular readers know of our involvement with Prehistoric Rock Art – Neolithic or Bronze Age carvings on open air boulders and outcrops. The cupmark is the basic motif of all Irish Rock Art – a semi-spherical cup-shaped hollow (see more about Rock Art here and here and specifically about cupmarks here). Robert has an amazing eye for slight differences in rock surfaces and has developed a habit of examining every stone we come across for cupmarks. This time he struck gold! At least four cupmarks on the back of a stone along one of the trails.
We like to warn people that rock art can be a little underwhelming. I know these cupmarks don't look like much, but they were probably carved several thousand years ago as part of a ritual we now know nothing about
The stone has been moved there from somewhere on the estate and the Keanes will try to track down where this was. It's always important to see a rock like this in its context, of corse, but we are also curious to know if Mount Gabriel was visible from the location, as it is from so many of our West Cork Rock Art sites. We will be returning to do a proper record and see if we can add more information to the story before we send it in to be included in the National Monuments database.
There's also a boulder burial on the estate, visible as you are leaving. It's a pretty tumbledown affair, but still recognisable, and we found cupmarks on the capstone too. These may be already recorded, but we will let National Monuments know in case they aren't.
Fabulous woodland walks, my fill of wildflowers, lovely vistas across the Ilen – and a new archaeological find. Too much excitement for one day!
Posted in Archaeology, Gardens, Nature, West Cork, West Cork Blog, Wild Atlantic Way, Wild Flowers	Tagged Boulder Burials, cillini, Cupmarked stones, Eisenhower, Inish Beg, Kay Summersby, Newly Discovered Rock Art, West Cork Wildflowers
The Monster of Red Strand!
Last week we investigated Castlefreke, the tallest High Cross in Ireland, and the Long Strand. Not far away – and ripe for another day of exploration – is the intriguingly named Red Strand.
Header picture – looking across Red Strand towards Galley Head. Upper – Red Strand beach; lower – red stones are prolific on the beach at Red Strand: it is said the beach ran with blood after the battle between the Barryroe army and John Barry's army
Tales abound as to how or why that West Cork beach got the name. A good source of such stories is the Schools Folklore Collection – an invaluable resource of memories recorded by local people about their own townlands. Although the collecting project took place in the mid 1930s, the schoolchildren were interviewing members of their own families who might have lived in the same location through several generations, and were probably retelling stories that had in some cases been passed across hundreds of years.
. . . There is an old ruin of a castle in Dundeady which is about eight miles s.w. of Clonakilty. It is about 20 ft high. During the last storm a part of the top was blown off. There are holes in the walls where the guns were kept to shoot from. It was built by an anglo Norman named John Barry. One night they went east to Barryroe and stole cattle from another Norman named "Barry Bán".
John Barry had a white horse which would not drink water of any well only the well in "Cráig Gaimhne". Next day he went to the well with his horse and left him grazing in a field near by called "Pairchín Caol" whilst himself fell asleep near the fence.
It was not long until "Barry Bán" and a great army came attacking his castle. The horse ran to the fence where John was sleeping and started to screech into his ear and woke him.
When he saw the Barryroe army attacking his castle he jumped on his horse and off with him over the fields and fences as fast as he could. When he was crossing the "Góilín" he struck the horse with a magic wand. The horse jumped the "Góilín" which is about 15 yds. He struck the horse a second time and the horse fell dead.
The signs of the horses feet are plainly visible on the rock. That day there was a terrible battle fought between the Barryroe army and John Barry's army and this battle is called the "Battle of the Red Strand". They fought all the way across the "Red Strand". They fought and fought across the "Red Strand" and up "Ballira Hill" as far as "Ballira House". John Barry and his army slew and killed all of Barry Bán's army nearby. John Barry and his army won the battle that day.
For months after there were bones and pieces of bones throughout the place where the battle was fought . .
Collected from Master Pat Hayes, Donour, by Duchas Schools Folklore Project 1937
Another collected tale also centres around the Lady Well at Dunowen (lower right on the aerial view, above):
. . .There is a well situated in a field belonging to Michael Feen in the townland of Dunowen not far from the sea coast. It is said that the Blessed Virgin appeared there long ago and was seen by some fishermen when fishing near the coast. She appeared as a big swan and pitched on the edge of the boat. Then she flew eastwards and flew in a circle over the well. Then she knelt down and left the prints of her fingers and knees on the flag, But some 20 years ago a young boy about 12 years who was blind from birth went to the well with his father, after being taken to the well he left a scream at his father to look at the frog. Then they both thanked god and went home cured . . .
Amanda fully describes and illustrates this well in Holy Wells of Cork and Kerry after her own visit to the area three years ago.
But – what's this? Marooned on the beach is a strange, dismembered creature… Or, at least, the remains of a creature. I've labelled it monster on the aerial view, because I can't think of a better way to describe it: alien, amorphous, slightly sinuous. It has a mouth, too.
Is it spewing out or sucking in? Will it swallow you or I if we are not careful with the tides? Why is it here, and who made it? Be careful, Robert . . .
It's enormous! It runs the length of the west end of the beach: you can just make it out in the second picture from the top, lying along the bottom of the cliff face. It's like a great, marine creature with a fin and blowholes.
But, if that is its mouth facing out to sea, then its tail seems to have exploded. Look at this more detailed aerial view:
This Google Earth image dates from 2009. Ten years later, much of the debris from the exploded part of the monster is disappearing under the shifting sands.
Those huge slabs now scattered over the west end of Red Strand are reinforced with steel girders: whatever has been here in the past was a massive and heavy structure. Is there any record of it? I found only one slightly oblique mention, after searching high and low, written by Noel Baker in the Irish Examiner in February 2014 – following one of the most severe storms ever recorded on the coast of West Cork:
. . . So much of what happens is hidden from plain sight. Take the beautiful beach area of Red Strand near Clonakilty. The recent storms have caused serious damage to counties from Mayo to Wexford and beyond. Sometimes the extent of the damage is obvious, other times not so much. Red Strand, not far from the villages of Rathbarry and Ardfield, has clear evidence of damage. One of the walls alongside the road has been knocked, the sands have been shifted, along with rocks and stones, and the pillar displaying the Red Strand plaque lies knocked on the sand. Local man Cornelius 'Con' Scully is a veritable historian of Red Strand. He has photos of the area dating back to the 19th century and knows every nook and cranny.
"The face of the strand has totally changed in a very short time," he says from his conservatory overlooking the sea.
He remembers back to the 30s when a tunnel, a section of which is still visible to the left of the strand as you look from the road, was laid. "When that was built the high water [mark] was 20 ft further out to sea," he says. "It's coming in the whole time" . . .
So there we have it – a tunnel, 'laid' in the 1930s.
But we still have an enigma. Why was the tunnel built then? And while the term 'tunnel' would adequately describe the remaining long section of the monster, it gives no clue as to its purpose. The 'exploded' bit intrigues me the most. From what you can see of the debris today, there must have been some sort of box-sectioned structure running along the higher part of the beach. A number of possibilities spring to mind: a sea-bathing pool, fed from the high tide through the 'tunnel'? Fish tanks? A sewage system? Settling beds (but for settling what)?
Let's do a little more detective work by looking back at another aerial photograph from Google Earth. You can see that I have placed the beach – and the monster – in a broader context:
You can trace the snaking line of the monster, starting in the bottom right (ish) and heading up the beach: follow the disintegrated section, which heads for the outlet on to the beach of a stream, which passes under a road bridge. It might be reasonable to assume that whatever passed through the monster's stomach (the 'tunnel') came from that stream.
This picture is looking over the wetlands that are beyond the road running along the top of Red Strand. In the middle distance are 'old workings', seen more closely below: these appear to be in the townland of Ganniv Beg.
Whatever those workings might be – or might have been (extraction of sand, minerals?) – any run-off could have been carried into the stream on the right and then spilled out over the beach. This could have been detrimental to the amenity of the beach, and the 'monster' might have been constructed to contain and carry the outfall away at high tide. Pure speculation on my part: I'm happy enough to be proved either right or wrong. I would just like my curiosity to be satisfied. So – who has the story? It's a recent enough construction to be within living memory . . . Hopefully, this post will stir someone to comment: if they do, I will report back.
Posted in Archaeology, Folklore, Industrial Archaeology, Irish History, Irish Landscape, West Cork, West Cork Blog	Tagged Ganniv Beg, Lady Well Dunowen, Monster on the Beach, Red Strand, Schools Folklore Collection
Mizen Magic 13: Dunmanus Promontory
It's geologically and archaeologically fascinating – a substantial natural promontory just to the north of Dunmanus Castle: well worth an exploration. But, do be warned – there are cliff edges, exposed fissures, ankle-wrenching undulations and bogs to overcome. Also – it's private, so please seek permission before crossing the land.
The west side of this shark's fin-shaped promontory is wildly exposed to the ocean and its gales. You can see from the aerial views, above, how the rock bed is bare and visible, and the vestigial fields which occupy – or once occupied – the east side peter out, and the walls and banks which once formed them fade away altogether over on the left. In fact, these Google Earth images give a better impression of the oddly shaped enclosures than can be seen on the ground.
Three examples of many varied boundary features on the promontory are shown above. Each is differently constructed and they range from a series of vertically-set slabs to rocks-and-rubble and a raised bank reinforced with stones. In the picture below, follow with your eye the boundary as it traverses the scrub and makes a large S-bend on to the ridge facing the distant horizon.
Ireland – especially the west of it – is a huge stone landscape. Wherever people have settled, they have moved the stone and used it. To make fields, or any enclosures, they have had to clear the land. The stone taken from the land is used – sometimes to build shelter, often to build myriad walls to define the holdings. Here's a striking example from the Aran Islands:
Nothing is recorded on the National Monuments Survey about these land boundaries at Dunmanus – or the significance of the promontory as a whole. Was it once a promontory fort? There are others on this coast. It could easily have been defended along the line of the present road running across the south. However, the land is flat and low, and there is no shelter.
Flat stone surfaces – of old red sandstone – remind us of the Burren landscape in Clare, and we can suppose that the present windswept bog and scrub could once have supported agriculture. But when? In medieval times, perhaps, when the nearby Dunmanus tower house was a thriving centre of occupation and, probably, commerce. In the shelter of the bay the little quay at Dunmanus survives and is still used by small boats searching out shellfish and scallops.
In some places the old walls seem to have a prehistoric feel: the use of slabs embedded vertically like standing stones is quite unusual in West Cork. The presence of large quartz rocks, too, is reminiscent of ancient sites, although they are natural geological occurrences here.
Other natural features on the peninsula include two 'sea arches' – bridges formed through erosion of the rocks and chasms by the ocean.
It's a landscape of vestigial fields, sea – and stones. Nothing more. But I find it a mesmeric place; partly because we can see that it bears the marks of human toil, and we want to know more about who was there and how they lived. It's a remote piece of Ireland to call 'home'. Those marks remain after how many years – hundreds, thousands? They intrigue us, and compel us to explore.
Posted in Archaeology, Dunmanus, Irish Craft, Irish Landscape, Medieval History, Mizen magic, The Mizen Peninsula, West Cork, West Cork Blog	Tagged Dunmanus Bay, Dunmanus Castle, Irish Stone Walls
Drawn to the Beara
The spectacular landscapes of the Beara Peninsula draw us again and again: have a look at some of our past explorations here and here. There's no doubt that for fine, distant views, tranquil coastlines and variety in geology, history and archaeology this part of Ireland takes some beating. And, for us, it's ideal: near enough that we can have a full day out absorbing all these things, yet still being home in time for tea!
This is the weekend when clocks 'spring forward' – giving us longer evenings. But also the sun is getting noticeably stronger, colours are getting more intense, and the shadows are hardening. It's a great time to be out on our travels.
That's Hungry Hill above – highest peak in the Caha Mountain range, Co Cork – and the background setting for Daphne du Maurier's 1943 novel of that name. The story is based on the real-life Puxley family who set up and ran Allihies copper mines in the first half of the nineteenth century. Du Maurier weaves the tale to give the name of the hill a symbolic meaning – the mines 'swallow up' the lives of those who work them and the plot is charged with tragedy and unhappiness.
We crossed the peninsula on the Healy Pass, one of Ireland's great road journeys, with breathtaking views towards Bantry Bay in the south and the Kenmare River to the north as you traverse the 334 metre summit. The road, known in Irish as Bealach Scairte, was originally cut as a nineteenth century famine relief project, and improved in the 1930s, when it was named in honour of Tim Michael Healy, a Cork man who served as the first governor general of the Irish Free State.
We had a mission: to visit Dereen Garden, which is open all year round. We were there before the tourist season got going, and we mainly had the beautiful walks and vistas to ourselves. The woodland garden was laid out 150 years ago with sub-tropical plants from around the world and has been improved and added to since then; it is famous for its huge Arboreum rhododendrons. Evidently there is a variety of wildlife to be seen, including red squirrels, sitka deer and hares, but they were all keeping out of the way when we visited.
We were hoping to sample some of the fine eateries which have been set up on the Beara but, again, we were a little too early in the year: an excuse for another trip when they open up. So we reluctantly turned our way back towards the Healy Pass – to get the views from the other direction – and were stopped in our tracks by a sign pointing to 'stone circles'. This is in a townland named Cashelkeelty and is near Lauragh, Co Kerry. Finola had a look at her archaeological records on the phone and found it was somewhere we had to go! It involved a long, uphill walk through a forest, but was very well worth it. Read Finola's post to find all the details.
I will show only one picture as a taster (above) – but also to point out the proximity of the high grade overhead powerline which runs right by the ancient stones. Does it add or detract from the monument itself?
There were many more vistas to be taken in on our few hours spent on this dramatic peninsula, where mountains so spectacularly meet the sea. We can never tire of this, our own little part of the world.
Posted in Archaeology, Beara Peninsula, Driving in Ireland, Gardens, Irish Landscape, Kerry, Nature, Photography, West Cork, West Cork Blog	Tagged Allihies Copper Mines, Caha Mountains, Cashelkeelty Stone Circles, Daphne du Maurier, Derreen Garden, Healy Pass, Hungry Hill, Irish Road Trips, Puxley Family
It's on the wild and remote Beara Peninsula and it's a bit of a trek to get up to it – but so worth it. We are fortunate that we know quite a lot about Cashelkeelty, which is in the Kerry section of the Beara, not far from Lauragh. There were excavations here in the 70s and 80s led by old friends, John Barber and Anne Lynch. Pollen analysis in the region has added to our understanding of the environment during the Bronze Age.
You can see both the multiple stone circle (the closer set of stones) and the 5-stone circle and stone row from the knoll near the site
But none of this is obvious on the ground and there are no explanatory signs, so I'm going to lay out what we know about this marvellous complex of monuments, so that when you go (Yes, do go!) you'll know a bit more about what you are looking at. Make it part of a day trip, like the one that Robert is describing this week.
Park in the little car park about 2 km west of the turn off for Derreen Garden. Someone has handily marked it on Google Maps as 'Parking Place Stone Circle' and take the path that runs upwards through the woods, turning left (and ever upwards) when you come to another path. It's a Robert Frost experience – the woods are not only lovely, dark and deep but also mossy and mysterious, with hints of old walls here and there.
When you emerge into open country, you are actually on the Beara Way and this stretch was beautifully described by Peter Clarke in his Hikelines blog.
Peter Clarke's sketch of the 5-stone circle and stone row ©Peter Clarke/Hikelines
In fact, you are walking now along or beside a medieval road that once ran from Kenmare to Castletownbere. Once you know this, you can pick it out and imagine walking or riding along it in rough woollen garments, or perhaps the flowing robes of a monk, or the full armour of a knight. But this road is actually one of the newer items in this landscape.
The landscape itself is Bronze Age. People made their living here by growing some cereals (probably barley and emmer wheat) and by herding cattle and sheep. Pollen analysis tells us that forest cover declined – that is, it was cleared by the early agriculturalists – beginning about 1500BC and intensifying around 1100BC. Pre-bog field systems are everywhere here – look for the lines of upright boulders defining walls and small fields as you walk.
According to Billy O'Brien in his Iverni (got your copy yet?) deterioration in the climate and higher rainfall about 1000BC led to increased acidification and the spread of bogs in many areas. So what we are looking at here, in the Mid to Late Bronze Age, is an open pastoral landscape. This is important because the views from here are panoramic and significant, and they would not have been obscured by trees.
Ancient fields
And in this open landscape these early farmers lived in houses of which no traces remain, probably of wood and thatch. What does remain are the monuments they built of stone – they meant them to endure and endure they do. There's a five-stone circle, and a stone row right beside it, and about 30 metres to the west another set of upright stones.
The stone row was built before the 5-stone circle, possible hundreds of years before. There are three stones now, but the Lynch excavation established that there had been a fourth. Like most of the stone rows on this part of the world it is oriented ENE/WSW, or towards the morning and evening horizons in summer. As regular readers know, I am always intrigued by the way the shapes of the stones seem to mirror the landscape behind it and this is no exception.
The 5-stone circle now only has three stones, but the sockets for the remaining two were found in the course of the excavations. In the centre, covered by a stone slab, was the cremated remains of a person in his or her 20s. Radio carbon dates (later re-calibrated) established the construction to about 1300 to 700BC, placing it in the Late Bronze Age. Mike Wilson of the Mega-WHAT site has analysed the orientations of both the stone row and the 5-stone circle – you can see the results of that here.
Visitors love to leave little offerings at sites like this. You are looking into the 5-stone circle, towards the recumbent. The slab is more or less where the cremated remains were discovered in the excavation
From here you can clearly see another set of stones to the west. What looks like another stone row is actually the remaining uprights of a multiple stone circle, as Anne Lynch documented in her account of the excavation. There were either 11 or 13 stones originally. The tallest stone now standing must have been one of the portals. The middle stone was originally lying down but was re-erected in the course of the excavation.
Once again, I am struck by how these three stones appear to mirror the horizon behind them. Can this really be a coincidence? If so, it's a an eerie one. To understand how and why multiple stone circles were built, read my post Ancient Calendars.
To round out the Bronze Age monuments, there's a Fulacht Fia just south of the 5-stone circle – you can read more about these ancient cooking places in my post Ballyrisode Fulacht Fia.
This little road leads to a stone building, perhaps originally a cottage. It's the green roof you can see in the second photograph
Cashelkeelty is an amazing site – so many monuments, such evidence of Bronze Age activity from daily living and farming to monument-building. We still have their stone edifices to remind us that these people were sophisticated builders who wanted certain of their practices and rituals to endure for centuries. What we no longer see easy signs of, we can imagine – the forest clearing, the planting and herding, the communal feasting. Take a little while at this site and ask whether our own efforts will endure for thousands of years.
Posted in Archaeology, Beara Peninsula, Irish Landscape, West Cork Blog	Tagged 5-stone circles, Cashelkeelty Stone Circles, Hikelines, Multiple Stone Circles, stone rows


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Battlefield 1: Beta Impressions
" A Farewell to Arms."
The war is all around me, buildings collapse and WW1 era tanks roll around me in the scorching desert where the Ottoman Empire and the British Empire face off under the heat of the sun. Walls collapse, flamethrowers torch everything and everyone around me, bullets whiz by in the form of a stationary machine gun as the flags around the village are being contested by both the Ottoman and the British empires. This is the feeling of a massive world war in videogame format, something that hasn't been seen since the last Call of Duty game in 2008, it's something to marvel at as the hell of war surrounds you and you get a feel for what could've been World War I but of course in dramatized version.
This is Battlefield 1, the new installment of the Battlefield franchise has arrived on our PCs and consoles in favor of the beta. It takes a setting that we haven't seen before, in any capacity other then Valiant Hearts which really wasn't a FPS game but it takes the setting and drops it on our heads. It's really impressive and once again, the game shines through multiplayer as it always has but this version of Battlefield's multiplayer is a piece of work, it isn't Battlefield 4 or Battlefield 3, it's more in line with Bad Company 2 where war takes place in secluded areas in the desert, where war is everywhere including in the Western cities of Europe that we have yet to see, for now we"ll do battle in the scorching desert.
Battlefield 1 is inviting to the newcomers and turns heads to the old-timers like myself, it's an impressive game. No longer are we fighting in the "Modern" era of warfare that we have seen since Modern Warfare neither are we fighting in the "Contemporary" future where Battlefield 4 took place in at the end of the last expansion,and neither are we fighting in the "Far Future" this is a whole different war. Different rules apply and different tactics apply although war never changes, the tactics does. Everyone's back at zero with sniper rifles that have scopes and bolt action rifles that don't have scopes, everyone here is equal but the equipment makes you or breaks you. The equipment has scaled back, you don't find ACOG scopes or night vision scopes here and neither will you find a futuristic vehicles here. Everything here is at zero and a half.
Battlefield 1 feels more distinctive then Battlefield 3 and Battlefield 4 and even 2142, DICE has taken themes and done their research on the Great War to make it feel distinctive and unique and make it feel exotic, like this is a game that you've never played before and make it feel strange to you in a sense that you really haven't been to this setting ever before in your gaming career. Everything returns from the previous Battlefields in terms of gamemodes (?) , but in the beta it is just Conquest and Rush although everything else is different. All the weapons are new, even the German Gewher is brand new here, including a flamethrower. What's more is that classes have been revamped now, if you want to play as a tanker or a pilot then you'll spawn as a class that deals with planes and tanks and you'll have a unique gun too to call your own.
Anyone who has played Bad Company 2 will feel at home here, the combat feels like Bad Company 2 mixed in with Battlefield 4 and the combat is harder then before. In the absence of Red Dots, Acog Scopes, and Night Vision scopes and overall modern attachments, the combat has changed. It's more brutal, up in your face, and from across the map.
So far, Battlefield 1 looks to be a good multiplayer shooter and looks to be the best multiplayer offering this year that isn't Overwatch. Let's hope this game changes the landscape like Call of Duty 4 and Battlefield:1942 did.
The beta is out tomorrow.
This entry was posted in Battlefield, Gaming, Videogames. Tagged Battlefield, Battlefield 1, Beta, Gaming, Videogames.
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$14M for Prince Edward Island Wastewater Projects
By Water Canada	 May 26, 2017
The governments of Canada and Prince Edward Island have announced more than $14 million for wastewater projects in the province.
H. Wade MacLauchlan, Premier of Prince Edward Island, and Sean Casey, Member of Parliament for Charlottetown, on behalf of the Honourable Amarjeet Sohi, Minister of Infrastructure and Communities, announced $14,381,250 in combined funding for the installation of a wastewater delivery pipeline from Stratford to Charlottetown, the removal of the East Royalty lagoon, and the connection of East Royalty's system to the Charlottetown Pollution Control Plant.
"These investments will open up further development opportunities along the capital region waterfront and provide residents with safe, reliable infrastructure," said MacLauchlan.
The Stratford project will consolidate the town's wastewater treatment with Charlottetown's and create one central wastewater treatment plant on the Hillsborough River. The Government of Canada is contributing $5,462,500 to this project and the Government of Prince Edward Island is contributing $2,731,250. The Town of Stratford will cover the remaining project costs.
"We are pleased to arrive at a long-term Waste Water Treatment solution for Stratford. We have been actively working on a cost-effective solution for our waste water treatment needs, and we are optimistic that this solution will meet the needs of our growing community now and in the future," said David Dunphy, Mayor of Stratford.
In Charlottetown, the East Royalty Lagoon will be replaced with a lift station and 3-kilometre sewer system that directs flows to the Charlottetown Pollution Control Plant. The Government of Canada is contributing $1,925,000 to this project and the Government of Prince Edward Island is contributing $962,500. The City of Charlottetown will cover the remaining project costs.
For the final project to connect East Royalty's sewer system to the Charlottetown Pollution Control Plant, the Government of Canada is contributing $2,200,000 and the Government of Prince Edward Island is contributing $1,100,000. The City of Charlottetown will cover the remaining project costs.
P.E.I.
infratructure
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CIB Commits up to $20 Million in Mapleton Water and Wastewater Project
StatsCan Studying Canada's Cannabis Consumption Through Wastewater


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Q: checkboxlist not rendering checkbox checked correctly I have a two array that I'm going to include them into  a checkbox,
echo Html::checkboxList('item', $selectedItem, $dataItem, [
                'item' => function($index, $label, $name, $checked, $value) {
                       return "
                            <input type='checkbox' {$checked} name='{$name}' value='{$value}'>
                                {$label}
                               ";
                        }
                    ]);

I see in code in browser like this :

       <input 1="" name="item[]" value="1" disabled="" type="checkbox">
      Login

The checked render into 1="" .
Please advise.
UPDATE
$dataItem
E:\wamp64\www\yii_tresnamuda\modules\it\views\request\preview.php:128:
   array (size=6)
    1 => string 'Login' (length=5)
    2 => string 'Printer' (length=7)
    3 => string 'Monitor' (length=7)
    4 => string 'Computer' (length=8)
    5 => string 'Network' (length=7)
    6 => string 'Lain Lain' (length=9)

$selectedItem
E:\wamp64\www\yii_tresnamuda\modules\it\views\request\preview.php:129:
  array (size=2)
    2 => int 2
    1 => int 1

A: The problem is in your {$checked} element of your item template. Try this:
echo Html::checkboxList('item', $selectedItem, $dataItem, [
  'item' => function($index, $label, $name, $checked, $value) {
    return "
      <input type='checkbox' name='{$name}' value='{$value}' ".($checked ? 'checked' : '').">
        {$label}
     ";
    }
]);

Also, I think you have to change $selectedItem specification form [2=>2, 1=>1] to just [2,1]


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Schumer calls on NTSB to offer stretch limo safety reforms
Larry Rulison
May 20, 2019 Updated: May 20, 2019 2:46 p.m.
1of43The National Safety Transportation Board released this image of the Oct. 6, 2018, limo crash site in Schoharie, N.Y. in a Feb. 11, 2019, preliminary report. The NTSB is investigating the crash in order to issue safety recommendations to prevent similar tragedies in the future.NTSBShow MoreShow Less
2of43NTSB Chairman Robert Sumwalt talks about the investigation during a press conference on the Schoharie vehicle crash at State Police Troop G Headquarters on Monday, Oct. 8, 2018, in Latham, N.Y. (Paul Buckowski/Times Union)Paul BuckowskiShow MoreShow Less
3of43Members of the NTSB survey the scene of an accident that happened next to the Apple Barrel Cafe at Rt. 30 at Rt. 30A Saturday afternoon involving a limousine on Sunday, Oct. 7, 2018 in Schoharie, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren Times Union) Show MoreShow Less
4of43NTSB investigator Pete Kotowski, investigator in charge for the Schoharie crash, answers a questions during a press conference at State Police Troop G Headquarters on Monday, Oct. 8, 2018, in Latham, N.Y. (Paul Buckowski/Times Union)Paul BuckowskiShow MoreShow Less
6of43U.S. Senator Charles Schumer launches a major push to pass the Telephone Robocall Abuse Criminal Enforcement and Deterrence (TRACED) Act during a press conference at Colonie Senior Services Center on Monday, May 6, 2019 in Colonie, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
8of43WASHINGTON, DC - MARCH 05: Senate Minority Leader Charles Schumer (D-NY) talks to reporters following the weekly Democratic Senate policy luncheon at the U.S. Capitol March 05, 2019 in Washington, DC. With the support of at least four Republicans, the Senate seems poised to approve a resolution of disapproval on President Donald Trump's use of a national emergency declaration to secure the money he wants to build a border wall on the southern border. (Photo by Chip Somodevilla/Getty Images)Chip SomodevillaShow MoreShow Less
9of43Forensics Investigator from the New York State Police walks past a makeshift memorial at the site of the limousine accident Near the Apple Barrell tourist spot Tuesday Tuesday Oct.8, 2018 in Schoharie, N.Y. that took the lives of twenty people last weekend. (Skip Dickstein/Times Union)SKIP DICKSTEINShow MoreShow Less
Front view of the 2001 Ford Excursion limousine included in the National Transportation Safety Board's report on the Oct. 6, 2018, limousine crash in Schoharie that killed 20 people.
National Transportation Safety BoardShow MoreShow Less
Side view of the 2001 Ford Excursion limousine included in the National Transportation Safety Board's report on the Oct. 6, 2018, limousine crash in Schoharie that killed 20 people.
Distraught family members are seen going through objects at the scene of an accident that happened next to the Apple Barrel Cafe at Rt. 30 at Rt. 30A Saturday afternoon involving a limo carrying a party on Sunday, Oct. 7, 2018 in Schoharie, N.Y. 20 people are reported to have died in the accident. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)
Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
A 2001 Ford Excursion enhanced limo owned by Prestige Limousine is pulled from the crash scene on Saturday, Oct. 6, 2018. The company's SUV-style stretch limousine crashed at 1:55 p.m. Saturday near the intersection of Route 30 and Route 30A, killing the driver, 17 passengers and two bystanders who were standing outside the Apple Barrel Country Store in Schoharie. (Photo courtesy of WRGB (CBS-6)
Photo courtesy of WRGB (CBS-6)Show MoreShow Less
14of43Debris scatters an area Sunday, Oct. 7, 2018, at the site of yesterday's fatal crash Schoharie, N.Y.Hans Pennink/APShow MoreShow Less
Members of the NTSB arrive at the scene of an accident that happened next to the Apple Barrel Cafe at Rt. 30 at Rt. 30A Saturday afternoon involving a limo carrying a party on Sunday, Oct. 7, 2018 in Schoharie, N.Y. 20 people are reported to have died in the accident. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)
16of43The makeshift memorial is decorated with many flowers and mums at the site of the limousine accident that took the lives of 20 people Monday Oct.22, 2018 in Schoharie, N.Y. (Skip Dickstein/Times Union)SKIP DICKSTEIN/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
The makeshift memorial is made at the site of the limousine accident that took the lives of 20 people on Monday, Oct. 22, 2018, in Schoharie, N.Y. (Skip Dickstein/Times Union)
SKIP DICKSTEIN/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
Members of the NTSB survey the scene of an accident that happened next to the Apple Barrel Cafe at Rt. 30 at Rt. 30A Saturday afternoon involving a limo carrying a party on Sunday, Oct. 7, 2018 in Schoharie, N.Y. 20 people are reported to have died in the accident. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)
A lone National Transportation Safety Board member remained at the scene Wednesday morning of the limousine crash in Schoharie that killed 20 people on Saturday.
Skip Dickstein / Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
20of43Family and friends sign an Amsterdam Strong banner at the end of a vigil for the victims of the limousine crash in Schoharie at The Mohawk Valley Gateway Overlook on Monday, Oct. 8, 2018 in Amsterdam, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
21of43Family and friends hug each other during a vigil for the victims of the limousine crash in Schoharie at The Mohawk Valley Gateway Overlook on Monday, Oct. 8, 2018 in Amsterdam, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
22of43People on a bridge hold candles during a vigil for the victims of the limousine crash in Schoharie at The Mohawk Valley Gateway Overlook on Monday, Oct. 8, 2018 in Amsterdam, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
23of43Amsterdam High team captains, from left,Trey Ausfeld, Andrew Giaimo and Peyton Ausfeld carry the jersey of alum Adam "Action" Jackson, a victim of the Schoharie limo crash to the coin toss at the start of their game against La Salle Friday Oct. 12, 2018 in Amsterdam, NY. (John Carl D'Annibale/Times Union)John Carl D'AnnibaleShow MoreShow Less
24of43State Police Superintendent George Beach speaks during a press conference to talk about charges brought against Nauman Hussain in connection with Saturday?•s deadly limo crash on Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2018, during a press conference at Troop G headquarters in Latham, N.Y. (Will Waldron/Times Union)Will Waldron/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
25of43Nauman Hussain, operator of Prestige Limousine, left, arrives for his arraignment at Cobleskill Town Court for his involvement in the Schoharie limo crash on Wednesday, Oct. 10, 2018 in Cobleskill, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
The tent State Police used to house the wrecked limousine during their investigation of the crash that killed 20 people in Schoharie County remains in place behind the Troop G headquarters Thursday Dec. 20, 2018 in Latham, N.Y. (Skip Dickstein/Times Union)
Program for the combined services for Abigail (King) Jackson, Adam "Action" Jackson, Mary (King) Dyson, Robert J. Dyson, Allison A. King, Amy (King) Steenburg, Axel J. Steenburg and Richard Steenburg Jr. at St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church Saturday Oct. 13, 2018 in Amsterdam, NY. (John Carl D'Annibale/Times Union)
John Carl D'Annibale/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
Top image shows side view of the 3D image of the limousine involved in the Oct. 6, 2018 crash in Schoharie with an overlaid reconstruction of the vehicle's pre-crash structure. Bottom image shows overhead view of post-crash 3D image of the limousine with an overlaid reconstruction of the vehicle's precrash structure.
29of43Mourners embrace after a Mass of Christian Burial held for Schoharie limo crash victims Shane McGowan and Erin (Vertucci) McGowan at St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church on Monday, Oct. 15, 2018 in Amsterdam, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
30of43Mourners during services for Schoharie limo crash victim Matthew William Coons, 27, of Johnstown at Fonda Fultonville Central Schools Saturday Oct. 13, 2018 in Fonda, NY> (John Carl D'Annibale/Times Union)John Carl D'AnnibaleShow MoreShow Less
31of43Photos and urns set up on the altar, from left, Allison A. King, Amy (King) Steenburg, Axel J. Steenburg and Richard Steenburg Jr., at St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church Saturday Oct. 13, 2018 in Amsterdam, NY. (John Carl D'Annibale/Times Union)John Carl D'Annibale/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
32of43Mourners pass by a display of family photos of Matthew William Coons, 27, of Johnstown at Fonda Fultonville Central Schools Saturday Oct. 13, 2018 in Fonda, NY> (John Carl D'Annibale/Times Union)John Carl D'AnnibaleShow MoreShow Less
33of43Mourners leave St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic Church during calling hours for Schoharie limo crash victims; Abigail (King) Jackson, Adam "Action" Jackson, Mary (King) Dyson, Robert J. Dyson, Allison A. King, Amy (King) Steenburg, Axel J. Steenburg and Richard Steenburg Jr., on Friday Oct. 12, 2018, in Amsterdam, N.Y. Funeral service will take place at the church on Saturday. (John Carl D'Annibale/Times Union)John Carl D'AnnibaleShow MoreShow Less
34of43Kim Steenburg wipes away tears during the State Standing Committee on Transportation hearing on "Limo and Bus Safety" on Thursday, May 2, 2019 at the Legislative Office Building in Albany, NY. Kim Steenburg lost her husband, Rich Steenburg, in the Schoharie Oct. 6 limo crash. (Phoebe Sheehan/Times Union)Phoebe Sheehan/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
35of43Janet M. Steenburg breaks down in tears while trying to testify during the State Standing Committee on Transportation hearing on "Limo and Bus Safety" on Thursday, May 2, 2019 at the Legislative Office Building in Albany, NY. Janet Steenburg is the mother of Axel and Rich Steenburg who were killed in the Schoharie Oct. 6 limo crash. (Phoebe Sheehan/Times Union)Phoebe Sheehan/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
36of43Bob Ensign speaks during the State Standing Committee on Transportation hearing on "Limo and Bus Safety" on Thursday, May 2, 2019 at the Legislative Office Building in Albany, NY. Ensign is a relative of a Schoharie victim and the owner of Ensign Autobody. (Phoebe Sheehan/Times Union)Phoebe Sheehan/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
37of43Senator James N. Tedisco speaks to the relatives of the victims from the Cutchogue and Schoharie crashes before the start of the State Standing Committee on Transportation hearing on "Limo and Bus Safety" on Thursday, May 2, 2019 at the Legislative Office Building in Albany, NY. (Phoebe Sheehan/Times Union)Phoebe Sheehan/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
38of43NYS Department of Transportation Ron Epstein speaks during the State Standing Committee on Transportation hearing on "Limo and Bus Safety" on Thursday, May 2, 2019 at the Legislative Office Building in Albany, NY. (Phoebe Sheehan/Times Union)Phoebe Sheehan/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
39of43The National Safety Transportation Board released this image of the Oct. 6, 2018, limo crash site in Schoharie, N.Y. in a Feb. 11, 2019, preliminary report. The NTSB is investigating the crash in order to issue safety recommendations to prevent similar tragedies in the future.NTSBShow MoreShow Less
41of43 Show MoreShow Less
42of43Nauman Hussain, the operator of Prestige Limousine, leaves his arraignment at Schoharie County Court on Wednesday, April 10, 2019 in Schoharie, N.Y. Hussain had to post $450,000 bond and must wear a GPS. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
43of43Attorney Lee Kindlon talks to the press about his client Nauman Hussain, the operator of Prestige Limousine, after Hussain's arraignment at Schoharie County Court on Wednesday, April 10, 2019 in Schoharie, N.Y. (Lori Van Buren/Times Union)Lori Van Buren/Albany Times UnionShow MoreShow Less
ALBANY — U.S. Sen. Charles E. Schumer was on Long Island on Monday with families of the victims of the 2015 Cutchogue limousine crash to call on the National Transportation Safety Board to make limo safety reform a top priority for the federal agency.
Schumer says that the NTSB, which is currently investigating last October's limo crash in Schoharie that killed 20 people, should have put limo safety reform in its 2019-2020 Most Wanted List of Transportation Safety Improvements.
Schumer is pushing for federal requirements for seat belts, airbags and inspections on behalf of the Long Island families, who lost four children, as well as the families of the victims of the Schoharie crash.
Hussain defense team to get access to crash limo
By Larry Rulison
New Hampshire crash expert to play role in Hussain case
Sorrow, anger from families of limo crash victims at hearing
The Long Island families have been pushing hard for reforms on the state level, recently appearing at a state Senate hearing on limo safety in Albany. The families decried the lack of safety measures especially for "stretch" limos that are cut in half and "stretched" after the original factory assembly. In the case of the Schoharie crash, that limo was a 2001 Ford Excursion that was stretched to 34 feet, 15 feet beyond its original size.
Schumer says that in some cases, stretch limos can lack the proper number of side-impact air bags, reinforced rollover protection bars, accessible emergency exists and proper seat belts. The Excursion in the Schoharie crash did have lap belts, although on non-original seats that "oriented passengers away from a traditional forward-facing seating configuration," according to a preliminary NTSB report.
"Long Island families have bravely led the charge on making aftermarket limousines safer, and they have had some success, but there is more work to be done on substantive reforms that take stretch limos out of the grey area of law," Schumer said. "This work begins and advances with the NTSB making aftermarket limo safety an agency priority."
Schumer says that adding limo reforms to the NTSB's "Most Wanted List" will "drive forward the larger reforms families and advocates are desperate to achieve."
NTSB spokesman Eric Weiss could not immediately be reached for comment Monday.
Reach Larry on
Larry Rulison has been a reporter for the Albany Times Union since 2005. Larry's reporting for the Times Union has won several awards for business and investigative journalism from the New York State Associated Press Association and the New York News Publishers Association. Contact him at (518) 454-5504 or lrulison@timesunion.com.


text:
Spanish Yields Surges as Greek Vote Fails To Damp Concern!
Guess who is winning?
By Lucy Meakin and Emma Charlton, http://www.bloomberg.com/
Spanish bonds slid, propelling 10-year yields to more than 7 percent, after yesterday's Greek election failed to convince investors that politicians will be able to tame Europe's financial woes.
Italian debt also fell and German bunds rose, reversing earlier declines. Spain's yields climbed to euro-era records as a report today showed the nation's bad loans increased in April. The securities tumbled last week after the bloc's fourth-largest economy requested as much as 100 billion euros ($126 billion) of aid on June 9 to support its banks. Greek bonds rose after pro-bailout parties won enough seats to control parliament.
"The spotlight is now back on Spain," said Christian Reicherter, a Frankfurt-based analyst at DZ Bank AG. "The market is worried about the bad loans at the Spanish lenders, which is pressuring the bonds. This goes to show that theEuropean debt crisis isn't solved and we expect bunds to remain well supported."
Spain's 10-year yield climbed as much as 41 basis points to 7.29 percent, the most since the euro was introduced in 1999. It was 28 basis points higher at 7.16 percent at 4:44 p.m. London time. The 5.85 percent security due January 2022 sank 1.835, or 18.35 euros per 1,000-euro face amount, to 91.085. Five-year note yields climbed 42 basis points to 6.55 percent and rates on 30-year bonds jumped 22 basis points to 7.22 percent, also euro-era records.
Bad Loans
The yield on Germany's 10-year bund, Europe's benchmark government debt security, slid three basis points to 1.41 percent after jumping as much as 11 basis points to 1.55 percent. The nation's one-year yield dropped below zero for the first time since May 30 and the euro fell 0.5 percent to $1.2571.
Spain became the fourth euro member to seek a bailout since the debt crisis began almost three years ago when it asked for aid to rescue its lenders earlier this month. The 7 percent threshold on 10-year bonds helped trigger sovereign bailouts for Greece, Ireland and Portugal.
Bad loans as a proportion of total lending at Spain's financial institutions jumped to 8.72 percent in April from 8.37 percent in March, the Bank of Spain said on its website.
"Seven percent for Spain is not unsustainable, it is uncomfortable," Holger Schmieding, chief economist at Berenberg Bank, said in an interview on Bloomberg Television's "The Pulse" with Maryam Nemazee. "The risk is always that it doesn't stop at 7 percent — that it goes to 8 and 9 percent and then we would have a full-blown panic."
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