text:
uric
uric acid levels
gout attacks
Joint Tissue Findings Offer Potential Insight into Rheumatoid Arthritis
According to the National Institutes of Health, new research supported in part by the national Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS) looking directly at joint tissue in people with arthritis is actually offering investigators a better understanding of the antibodies involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a condition in which longterm inflammation causes pain, stiffness and damage to the joints. Antibodies are molecules that participate in the immune system's protection of the body by recognizing harmful antigens such as viruses and bacteria. In RA, antibodies called autoantibodies are directed against a person's very own healthy tissues.
The NIH Explains that Two Autoantibodies
Rheumatoid factor and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) - becoming more common in the blood of lots of people with RA have been useful for diagnosing RA and also forecasting the severity, but scientists have little knowledge of what these autoantibodies actually do in the joint, or whether the joints themselves might have clues to other antibodies contributing to the disease. To find some answers, NIAMS-supported researchers, Paul A. Monach, M.D., and also Diane Mathis, Ph.D., and their colleagues conducted complex assessments of joint tissue samples taken from 18 patients with RA.
While their research failed to necessarily find a "third antibody," the researchers did find that antibodies that came out of the joints actually bound to a lot of products associated with joint cartilage and also to histones, intracellular proteins in the cell nucleus that associate with Dna in the formation of chromosomes. The histone build up may be derived from cells that died and spilled their items, which derive from the disease condition. Furthermore, they found that cartilage in RA is actually coated with histones, regardless of whether RA was active or not.
Because normal joint tissue is rarely removed in the course of surgery, the scientists compared their findings to those from samples from eight patients with osteoarthritis (OA, a kind of arthritis not generally associated with autoantibodies). The differences between the OA as well as RA samples were striking; the OA cartilage samples were not covered in histones. Right now, the actual scientists can not say whether histones seated on the cartilage surface are binding in order to antihistone antibodies and adding to irritation, but that is a possibility, says Doctor. Monach.
He says in the event that histones are a contributor to joint damage, there are also other theories about their role. One is that they stimulate immune cells through a class of proteins called Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Another is that they may be key in a process that delivers potentially damaging enzymes to the cartilage surface. Dr. Monach believes that following up on these and other hypotheses may eventually lead to the development of medication that would intercede in or prevent the process, as well as thereby slow down shared irritation and damage in RA.
Allopurinol - Chronic Gout Treatment: What You need to know About Allopurinol Allopurinol (which goes by the brand names Aloprim and Zyloprim) is a drug that belongs to a class of drugs called xanthine oxidase inhibitors. Allopurinol is prescribed for the treatment of chronic gout and also is used to prevent rather than treat...
Difference between Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout - Rheumatoid Arthritis VS Gout
Rheumatoid arthritis vs. Gout, differences in symptoms, causes, and rheumatoid arthritis vs. Gout how to know what you have healthline health slideshow ...
These findings were published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
The mission of the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' National Institutes of Health, is to support research into the causes, treatment, and prevention of arthritis and musculoskeletal and skin diseases, the training of basic and medical researchers to carry out this research, and the dissemination of information on research progress in these diseases. For more information about NIAMS, phone the information Clearinghouse (877) 22-NIAMS or go to the NIAMS Web site at http://www.niams.nih.gov.
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Top Ten Anti inflammatory Foods to Add to Your Diet for Pain Relief
Top Ten Anti Inflammatory Foods to Improve Your Diet for Pain Relief Even as more people are
Osteoarthritis - Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis and is also known as degenerative joint
Treatment of Renal Stone and Natural Home Remedies
A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
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Natural Gout Remedies (Like Apple Cider Vinegar)
Living With Gout- What you can Do to Decrease Symptoms and Pain
The Disease of Kings Becoming more Common in the U.S.
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Free Google Invoice Generator - Hello all, meet again on my own blog, Webarchiveorg. In this time, I'll explain to you 33 best photo collection about Free Google Invoice Generator. The selected photo is best for you which is classed together with Invoice tag.
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(-) Remove February 2008 filter February 2008
$3.4 Million Award to Study Internet Coping Skills for Diabetic Children
The National Institute of Nursing Research has awarded Yale University School of Nursing (YSN) $3.4 million to compare the effectiveness of Internet-based coping skills training versus an Internet education program for diabetic children.The goal is to...
Yale Scientist Honored for Academic Innovation and Leadership
Erin Lavik Erin Lavik, an assistant professor of biomedical engineering at Yale, was honored recently by the Connecticut Technology Council as one of their 2008 Women of Innovation.The annual event, now in...
Yale Lab Engineers Virus That Can Kill Deadly Brain Tumors
Human glioblastoma cells with red fluorescent protein A laboratory-engineered virus that can find its way through the vascular system and kill deadly brain tumors has been developed by Yale School of...
Procedure Developed at Yale Creates New Bone In Minimally Invasive Procedure
The bone bioreactor: replacement of bone marrow by bone. A new technique that combines bone marrow removal and injection of a hormone helps promote rapid formation of new bone at targeted locations in the...
Yale Study Offers Insight into Possible Cause of Lymphoma
David Schatz Embargoed for Release: 1 P.M. ET, Wednesday, February 13, 2008 New Haven, Conn. — The immune system's powerful cellular mutation and repair processes appear to offer important clues as to how...
New Yale Research Center Focuses on Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases
A new research group at Yale School of Medicine that is focusing on rheumatic and immunonological diseases—such as arthritis and lupus—has received $3.2 million in federal funding.The five-year grant from the National Institute of Arthritis,...
$4 Million Award to Improve Detection of Acute Kidney Injury after Cardiac Surgery
Chirag Parikh Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have received a five-year, $4 million National Institutes of Health grant to study novel ways to improve the diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI), a...
$3.7 Million to Expand Yale Study of How Plant Proteins Function
Protein microarrays from the plant Arabidopsis help determine protein functions and interrelationships. (Credit: Dinesh-Kumar) The National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded $3.7 million to researchers in...
Older Women More Susceptible to Depression Than Older Men
Lisa C. Barry Older women are more prone to depression and are more likely to remain depressed than older men, according to a new study by Yale School of Medicine researchers in the February Archives of...
Gene Linked to Preterm Birth Among Hispanic Women
Errol Norwitz Researchers at Yale School of Medicine have found that the gene ENPP1 is linked to preterm birth and low birth weight among Hispanic women. Errol Norwitz, M.D., associate professor in the...
Remove February 2008 filter February 2008

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Music Talks
Tag Archives: Duffy
Music Talks: Choice Top 7 British Soul Singers
April 25, 2016 iyanpol12	1 Comment
7. Corrine Bailey Rae
You might have heard her soulful voice with her big hit "Put Your Records On", a song which takes you to reminisce of the good old days, but she had some other soulful songs on her records.
6. Paloma Faith
She is one of the longest female soul singers in UK and had multiple platinum albums. She's still around and releasing music. Her recent hit album was "A Perfect Contradiction" which was already 2x platinum, and the number 6 hit "Only Love Can Hurt Like This". Her voice is a classic soul with such power.
5. Duffy
Duffy quickly became successful with her debut. She was known for her top-selling album "Rockferry" and the number 1 single "Mercy". However, her success stayed there as her succeeding releases failed to gain momentum. She also has a great voice, amd I can hear similarity with Paloma Faith.
4. Leona Lewis
She rose to success through winning "X-Factor UK". Sje quickly achieved a number 1 album with "Spirit" and number 1 single "Bleeding Love". But her popularity has gone down low. But she is one of the best voices. If only she did a music like other soul singers did, she might still be around and relevant.
3. Joss Stone
She was known for her hit albums "Soul Sessions" and "Mind Body and Soul" which has gone multi-platinums. Her voice is very soulful which hits the heart when you hear her voice.
2. Amy Winehouse
She has one of the best voices, unfortunately, she was gone too soon. Her album "Back to Black" has been huge and one of the biggest selling album during the second half of 2000's. Her voice is soulful and powerful and was like taking you anywhere.
1. Adele
She can be the voice of her time, and it translates to huge album sales. She is currently the biggest selling singer after albums "21" and "25". Her voice even slips through your heart as you can feel what she feels when singing and she even tells a story while signing.
Video from YouTube / CapitolMusic
AdeleAmy WinehouseCorrine Bailey RaeDuffyJoss StoneLeona LewisMusic Talks: Choice Top 7 British Soul SingersPaloma Faith
Albums that are more successful than its singles (2007-2008)
February 19, 2016 iyanpol12	10 Comments
In this period, there were a lot of albums that became big hits. With regards to the albums' singles, they underperformed though. Here are those albums:
Amy Winehouse- Back to Black
The album spectacularly performed well and even one of the biggest selling albums of 2007 and 2008. Despite its performance, no other single, other than "Rehab", has performed very well in the charts.
OST- High School Musical 2
The youngsters of High School Musical are back in this soundtrack. The album did very well after settling at number 1 again. It ended as one of the biggest sellers of 2007. It had a US top ten hit with "What Time is It?", however, the other singles didn't make an impact.
Linkin Park- Minutes to Midnight
Linkin Park returned for their third studio album which insurprisingly topped the charts and sold millions of records. Nevertheless, it only had at least two official hits which were "What I've Done" and "Shadow of the Day".
Eagles- Long Road Out of Eden
Eagles made a comeback in 2007 through this album. It became a surprise hit ending Britney Spears' consecutive number one albums, after her album "Blackout" was defeated to debut at number two. the album went multiplatinum in the US. Despite the album's success, the album never scored a hit single.
Michael Buble- Call Me Irresponsible
Michael Buble already had a hit album, and this follow-up became a huge one again. The album reached number one in many countries. and became one of the biggest selling albuns during this period. Some of its singles charted but barely charted.
Miley Cyrus – Hannah Montana 2 / Meet Miley Cyrus
The soundtrack album of the hit series went to number in one in Billboard charts again. It became multiplatinum again. It didn't score a top ten hit though.
Alicia Keys – As I Am
The record was Alicia Keys' third number one album , and became a big seller again. In fact, its first week sales broke the record of its second album. It scored the number one hit single "No One". Nevertheless, it is the only big hit produced by the hit album.
Coldplay – Viva La Vida Or Death And All His Friends
The album topped the charts worldwide and became Coldplay's fourth big sellers. It had them score their first number one single worldwide with "Viva la Vida". Still, their other singles did not become a big hit.
AC/DC – Black Ice
Legendary hard rock band AC/DC returned with this album, which topped the charts worldwide with reported sales of 8 million. It is rare for artists to reach that sales nowadays, and the album became one of the biggest sellers of 2008. It released some singles but did not became hits.
Metallica – Death Magnetic
After their hit album "St. Anger", the band returned with this another worldwide number one album. It had a hit single "The Day That Never Comes", which is the only considered hit from the album.
Duffy – Rockferry
This debut album by Duffy is among 2008's biggest selling albums. It had a major hit "Mercy", while other songs were modest hits.
Credits to Wikipedia
AC/DCAlbums that are more successful than its singles (2007-2008)Alicia KeysAmy WinehouseColdplayDuffyEaglesHigh School Musical 2Linkin ParkMetallicaMichael BubleMiley Cyrus
Movies, Music
Trends and Cliches in Mainstream Music (2005-2009)
January 29, 2016 iyanpol12	6 Comments
There were a lot of changes in music from 2005-2009. As noticed, there were a lot of newcomers, trends has significantly changed as well as decline of CD or album sales.
British female soul singers
Any Winehouse achieved more success in her 2006 second album "Back to Black", while another soul singer Corinne Bailey Rae became successful with her debut album after her successful single " Put Your Records On". Another soul singer, Duffy, achieved worldwide success with her album "Rockferry" and became the top selling artist in 2008 in UK. Adele also debuted that same year but achieved more success with her second album.
Rise of digital and single downloads
Digital sales increased during this era and we saw the rise of singles downloads. Downloads are now included to eligible to chart in music charts.
Drop of album sales
With the rise of digital downloads, album sales went down continually. This era, no albums released ever reached 20 million in sales.
In 2009, EDM (Electronic Dance Music) was seen to rise. David Guetta achieved successes after the hit single "When Love Takes Over" with Kelly Rowland on vocals. Lady Gaga's sound became popular as well, thus, opening the path for dance music on the rise.
This is the era when Disney princesses debuted in music industry. Miley Cyrus became successful with her Hannah Montana TV show as well as the film and soundtracks. She reached number 1 with her introductory LP "Breakout". Other Disney stars, Demi Lovato and Selena Gomez, had their first albums to Billboard top 10.
Musicals on TV and movies
Disney released a TV film "High School Musical" which became a phenomenon, It had its sequel again on TV, while the last part was a movie released on theaters. The soundtrack albums became big sellers too. In 2009, musical show "Glee" became successful in ratings while records sales sold millions too.
American Idol winners
After Kelly Clarkson's success, Americal Idol continued to break the ratings game. Carrie Underwood achieved successes and became one of the top country artists. Other AI winners achieved limited success.
Two notable girl groups who broke album sales this era, Pussycat Dolls and Danity Kane. The former though became the most successful female group at that time.
Successful comeback
We saw Mariah Carey's successful comeback with "Emancipation of Mimi" after 2 flop albums. Madonna went back on top again after "American Life" performed modestly. Her "Confessions on a Dance Floor" became a top seller. Justin Timberlake's long awaited second album became one of the best selling albums during this era.
Some facts from Wikipedia
AdeleAlbum salesAmerican IdolAmy WinehouseBritish female soul singersCarrie UnderwoodDanity KaneDavid GuettaDemi LovatoDigital downloadsDisney princessesDuffyEDMGirl GroupsGleeHigh School MusicalJustin TimberlakeKelly ClarksonKelly RowlandLady GagaMadonnaMariah CareyMiley CyrusMusicalsPussycat DollsSelena GomezSuccessful comebackTrends and Cliches in Mainstream Music (2005-2009)
Artists With Successful Debut 2005-2009
December 24, 2015 iyanpol12	2 Comments
From 2005-2009, music has produced superstars then and even those successful stars until now. Most of these stars are now cementing their names as icons.
Ciara came out with a different kind of R&B when she released her debut single in 2004 "My Goodies" which immediately went to number 1. In 2005, she achieved more success with 2 other successful songs and multi-platinun first album. She releases music until now but success was never the same.
After becoming a winner in American Idol, Carrie Underwood released her album immediately which went 9 million worldwide sales according to Wikipedia. She remained one of the country music's staple artists until now.
Taylor Swift was then a country star when it scored multiple country hit songs. Her album went top 5 in Billboard and went multiple platinum. Today, she is the hottest (with the exception of Adele) pop star.
With the success of his beautiful ballad "You're Beautiful", it paved the way for James' album "Back to Bedlam" as one of the biggest selling albums form 2005-2009. He released his second album which was multi-million seller as well though it never match the debut's success.
Duffy made waves when her single "Mercy" was reaching number 1. It also made her first album "Rockferry" to multiple million in sales. Unfortunately, her second album flopped which led the singer to go indefinite hiatus.
Starting at very young age, Justin Bieber had one of the most successful extended plays (EP) when it went platinum. He became in this group of artists because the record's success despite his first album was released in 2010. He's among the biggest popstars today via his current record "Purpose" and all his three songs are still in the top 10 worldwide.
Her outrageous behavior and dresses might has became her identity, but her sonngs and albums made her a superstar. Her debut album "The Fame" was said has sold 14 million (according to Wikipedia) has scored four top 10. She's still considered as one of the hottest pop stars until today.
Katy Perry immediately went to top 5 and number 1 with her first 2 singles. Despite releases prior, her album "One of the Boys" was considered as his first. The album was platinum and scored 4 hit songs. She became more successful with her succeeding releases.
Artists With Successful Debut 2005-2009Carrie UnderwoodCiaraDuffyJames BluntJustin BieberKaty PerryLady GagaTaylor Swift
Songs with repeated word THREE TIMES during the last 20 years
November 3, 2015 iyanpol12	8 Comments
If there are songs with word repeated twice in a song, others are not contented and they repeated a word thrice. R&B group Destiny's Child is one example who kept repeating a word in their song titles not once but thrice which included "Jumpin', Jumpin'" (at the 'word repeated 2x list) and two more songs included in this list.
Destiny's Child- Bills, Bills, Bills
Formerly quartet at that time, Destiny's Child asked their men to pay their bills not once but three times. This song became their first US chart-topper.
B2K- Bump, Bump, Bump
Likely became the Destiny's Child counterpart being a R&B group and repeated a word three times in this sexual 'bump' song. It became a US #1 hit then.
Phillip Phillips- Gone Gone Gone
American Idol alumna Phillip Phillips (his name is also repeated but with 's') attempted to do the trend with this folk/pop/rock song. It was a top 30 hit in the US and was even featured in "Amazing Spiderman 2" soundtrack.
NSYNC- Bye Bye Bye
It was effective for the boyband to repeat 'bye' three times as it helped their album became the fastest selling album ever im the US. The song itself filled a space in pop culture when it became successful globally.
Destiny's Child- No, No, No
If Destiny's Child carrier single repeated 'bills' three times, theur carrier single for their debut LP repeated 'no' three times and 'yeah' three times in its chorus. It became a top five hit in some countries worldwide.
Duffy- Well, Well, Well
The singer from Wales released this song intended to follow up her highly successful "Rockferry" but her effort to duplicate its success turned out to be the opposite. 'Well', it didn't do 'well'.
Paramore- Crushcrushcrush
The rock band released this quite cheesy song but successfully 'crushed' certain charts. Perhaps the repeated word 'crush' and making it into one word worked.
B2KDestiny's ChildDuffyNSYNCParamorePhillip PhillipsSong with repeated wordthree times
Album's Singles Review: "X&Y" by Coldplay May 3, 2016
Album's Singles Review: "Music Box" by Mariah Carey May 3, 2016
Music 10 O's: O-Town to One Direction May 3, 2016
Eminem- Encore: Top 10 and Top 40 Singles in US and UK May 3, 2016
Album's Singles Review: "A New Day Has Come" and "One Heart" by Celine Dion May 3, 2016
Album's Singles Review: "Overexposed" by Maroon 5 May 2, 2016
Sheryl Crow- The Globe Sessions / C'mon, C'mon: Top 10 / Top 40 Singles in US and UK May 2, 2016
Album's Singles Review: "The Bodyguard" (soundtrack) by Whitney Houston May 2, 2016
peachpurple on Album's Singles Review: "A New Day Has Come" and "One Heart" by Celine Dion
peachpurple on Album's Singles Review: "Music Box" by Mariah Carey
peachpurple on Eminem- Encore: Top 10 and Top 40 Singles in US and UK
Grecy Garcia on Album's Singles Review: "These are Special Times" and "All the Way… A Decade of Song" by Celine Dion
Mely on Album's Singles Review: "American Idiot" by Green Day
PRINCESS TULIP on Album's Singles Review: "American Idiot" by Green Day
Andria Perry on Album's Singles Review: "Hands All Over" by Maroon 5
Danny on Music Talks: Choice Top 7 British Soul Singers
Categories Select Category Anna Kendrick (1) Movies (6) Music (559) OST (2) TV Shows (36) Uncategorized (17)
Thoughts About Music


And of course why would a person in dire need of some everyday useful things like food and clothing be happy with too many books. Or would they? Should they? Would you?
Be it Christmas or any other festival, gifts are tricky. Ironically, you may get a doubling or tripling of same or similar things. But you may never get what you want. It's like ten thousand spoons when all you need is a knife.
That is how life also works. Too many of unwanted things but not getting what you yearn for. Happiness can only be found by liking at least some of the less wanted things.
One thing that is wanted and needed by everyone, not only by those who have very less of it, but also by those who have enough of it…is Love. Dole it out this Christmas and New Year!
Everyone wants to be happy. To this end, we sometimes try to avoid encountering anything that could make us sad and serious. We shun weepy people. We avoid sad movies and heavy tragic literature. But it is these tragedies in other people's lives, as depicted in some tragic work of art or literature, that may eventually bring about real and more 'lasting' happiness in our lives.
Comedies (and jokes) give instant laughter and happiness but this might be temporary if you are internally very unhappy. In comparison, viewing or reading great tragedies initially brings up emotional tension, along with feelings of pity and fear, till we get too emotional after which we may end up crying, esp. if we can relate to the sad story. It is this emotional release that has many positive effects.
The release of our pent-up emotions is Catharsis. The term catharsis, that was first used by Aristotle in his Poetics, explains the impact of tragedy on audiences – that is purification and cleansing that can lead to renewal of self.
Psychologists also use catharsis, as they want to encourage discharge of built-up feelings in their clients. Weeping or feeling sad is thus not so bad for us if it results in sound mind which leads to improved physical health. That is why, a person who sheds tears off and on is possibly happier than someone who never cries. We all have seen relatives within our families who were known for their jovial laughter and yet had sudden heart-attack – gone in a jiffy. Because they didn't know how to cry.
Tragedies help in this. But one must learn to learn from tragedies, real or fiction. How much optimum dose of tragic reading/viewing is good for us and how to get the most from it.
Such thoughts ease our mind. What catharsis this!
After your heart is purged enough, you can strengthen it further by finding ways to laugh. Since we talked about Shakespearean tragedies, here's a poem that I wrote on Sir Shakespeare is also in good humor: Request Denied.
Is this post getting too lengthy for a Haiku challenge? See, that's the problem with writers and poets. Once we start writing, we get so absorbed that we are unable to stop.


Orientation: This study explored strategies for identity work that are central to the negotiation and regulation of employee work identity.
Research purpose: The main aim of this study was to explore employee narratives and identify the strategies available to them in the process of identity work, as they defined themselves at work.
Motivation for the study: As there is a scarcity of research on identity work in South Africa, this study wanted to advance knowledge about identity work and the strategies used for regulating and negotiating an identity at work by exploring these constructs in this context.
Research design, approach and method: A qualitative research process formed the basis for this study. Nineteen employees from a global manufacturing company participated in two semi-structured in-depth interviews. Grounded theory was applied to analyse and interpret the data.
Main findings: Nine strategies for identity work were identified and categorised into four broad themes (personal philosophies; relationships; career management and negotiating balance).
Practical/managerial implications: Employees followed various strategies for defining themselves at work and this may have some implications for employee work engagement and productivity.
Contribution/value-add: This study expands on current theoretical knowledge of identity work, and provides insights into the strategies people use to regulate and negotiate their identities at work.


Perennial herb of damp meadows with airy clusters of creamy flowers. The aromatic leaves and flowers were formerly used as a strewing herb, including in churches for weddings and festivals. The flowers can be used to flavour fruit, jams, wine, mead, beer and vinegar, and impart an almond-like flavour. The herb also has many medicinal uses. A compound similar to aspirin is present in the roots, which can be chewed, for example, to relieve headaches. The roots also yield a black dye. The plant grows up to 2m in height when in flower - mid-summer to early autumn. Prefers full sun or part shade and a moist situation.


Octopuses are reckoned to be the world's most intelligent invertebrates and are able to use tools with their sucker-covered tentacles.
Octopuses' eight tentacles divide up into six "arms" and two "legs", a study published by a chain of commercial aquariums said on Thursday.
Helped by over 2,000 observations by visitors, teams of aquatic specialists carried out a study showing that the creatures seemed to favour their first three pairs of tentacles for grabbing and using objects, Sea Life aquariums said.
"One can assume that the front six tentacles have the function of arms, and that the back two take over the function of legs," said Sea Life biologist Oliver Walenciak.
Unlike humans and some other animals, most octopuses did not appear to be left-handed or right-handed. Those that were suffered from eye problems on their less-favoured side.
"People have always assumed that octopuses coordinate their ... gripping behaviour through visual data. That seems to be true. When one eye is weak, another side of arms is favoured," said Walenciak.


text:
Q: Script for opening emacs in two different ways I've attempted to write a small script that will by default open emacs with
emacs -nw foo

by simply typing
emacs foo

and when I want a window typing
emacs foo &

The script  I attempted to write looks like this
#!/bin/bash

if [ -z $2 ]; then
    emacs -nw $1
else
    emacs $1 &
fi

The problem I'm running into is that when I try to run the script nothing happens, as if I just hit enter.
Would a more experienced person please advice how to make this script properly?

A: The problem with the script is that if you call it either way (with and without &, it sees only one parameter. bash has already used the & to put the process in the background. If you would try the fg after starting with emacs foo & you should see emacs with no window, as with the first option.
The second option never gets executed, and it should not have an &. What is needed is that the script tests if it runs in the background and decides on that. In a C program or in Python I would test if the program group and the terminal foreground process group are the same, but I  do not know how to do that in bash shell (Chris Down answer indicates it can be done).
Your invocation strongly implies you want to call this script emacs in that case make sure to put the full path to the 'real' emacs in there, to prevent recursion.
If you can live with a Python script to do the job:
import os
import sys
import subprocess

STDOUT_FILENO=1
emacs_cmd = ['/usr/bin/emacs']

if os.getpgrp() == os.tcgetpgrp(STDOUT_FILENO):
    emacs_cmd.append('-nw')
emacs_cmd.extend(sys.argv[1:])
subprocess.call(emacs_cmd)

It allows you to specify multiple filenames (and additional emacs options) on the commandline.

A: As Anthon says, & is not an argument to the command, it's part of your shell syntax (it backgrounds the process). Here is a script that can test if the current script is part of the terminal's foreground process group (which will be false if it is backgrounded):
#!/bin/bash

# If the STAT column does not end with a plus, this process is not part
# of the terminal's foreground process group (and is backgrounded).

case "$(ps -o stat= -p $$)" in
    *+) exec emacs "$@"  ;;
    *) exec emacs -nw "$@" ;;
esac

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text:
Police ID driver killed in Nelson County crash
Woman was killed in single-vehicle accident.
Police ID driver killed in Nelson County crash Woman was killed in single-vehicle accident. Check out this story on newsleader.com: https://www.newsleader.com/story/news/local/2019/08/10/police-id-driver-killed-nelson-county-crash/1977905001/
Virginia State Police (Photo: File)
LOVINGSTON - Virginia State Police have identified a driver who died Friday night in a Nelson County crash, a press release said.
Police said a 2014 Nissan Pathfinder driven by Tiffany A. Spencer, 44, of Lovingston, was headed west when it ran off the right side of Va. 623, west of Va. 29.
The Nissan hit a tree, and police said the impact caused the vehicle to catch fire. Spencer was killed, police said. She was not wearing a seat belt.
The incident took place shortly before 7:30 p.m.
Police continue to investigate, according to the press release.
More: Waynesboro shoplifter gets nearly 5 years in prison
Read or Share this story: https://www.newsleader.com/story/news/local/2019/08/10/police-id-driver-killed-nelson-county-crash/1977905001/


text:
Appleton Oaksmith (February 12, 1825 – October 29, 1887), of Carteret County, North Carolina, was the son of Seba Smith and Elizabeth Oakes Smith. He legally adopted a port-manteau surname, combining the phonetic equivalent of his mother's middle name (Oakes) and his father's last name (Smith).

Before the Civil War, Oaksmith ventured into the shipping business, eventually purchasing several ships of his own. He had also, however, involved himself in the filibustering campaigns of General Walker in Nicaragua, actually accepting the office of secretary in Walker's new "government". As secretary he arranged for the supply of Walker's small military force and convinced James Neal, son of writer John Neal, to travel to Nicaragua in 1856 to join the effort.

When Walker's bid for U.S. recognition failed and his militia was ousted from the country, there is mounting evidence that Oaksmith began to employ his ships in support of the Confederate states, at least in gun-running if not in the transport of slaves. In December 1861, Oaksmith was captured on Fire Island, New York and indicted for equipping a slave ship. With Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in effect, he was quickly jailed, and convicted in June 1862 of slave trading. He escaped from jail in Suffolk County, Massachusetts on September 11, 1862, and fled to England. His imprisonment placed the entire family in a compromised political and social position, but they vehemently maintained his innocence.

His mother, Elizabeth, would spend years seeking audiences with government officials and finally with the President of the United States to procure her son's innocence. He spent years in exile in London.

Upon his return to the U.S. after his pardon, his vision for east Bogue Banks was that of a new resort by the sea. He first chose Fort Macon, but was unsuccessful. He then turned his attention to the area which now comprises all of Atlantic Beach and a portion of east Pine Knoll Shores. He soon acquired title to all of this property in the names of two straw ladies, his wife, Augusta, and her sister, Ellen Mason. He was a representative of Carteret County in the North Carolina General Assembly in 1874.

Family
With his first wife, Isotta Rebecchini, Oaksmith had 4 children,:
Buchanan Oaksmith (died in infancy)
Elizabeth (Bessie) Oaksmith (1858–1879)
Corrine Oaksmith (1860-1879)
Peyton "Randolph" Oaksmith

After divorcing him, Isotta tried repeatedly to recover custody of their children.

With his second wife, Augusta Mason, Appleton had 8 additional children:
Theodora (1879–1960)
Geraldine (1884–1965)
Vincent (1882–1951)
Eleanor (died in infancy)
Mildred (1870–1879)
Pauline (1872–1879)
Katherine (died in infancy)
Stanley (1880–1938)

Bessie, Corrine, Mildred, and Pauline all drowned on 4 July 1879 when the family's boat capsized. Appleton and his sons, Randolph and Stanley, survived the accident. His three other children were not onboard.

References

External links
Appleton Oaksmith Papers
Portrait

1825 births
1887 deaths
Members of the North Carolina House of Representatives
People of the American Civil War
19th-century American politicians
People from Carteret County, North Carolina

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Impossible Beach, Impossible Beach Bali Holidays Lodging.
Impossible Beach Bali and its shorelines are most traveled, Impossible Beach is a preferred location for Holiday Retreat Travel Tour and Water Sport. Clean Sand and Epic view of Sunrise and Sunset on Impossible Beach makes it a ultimate destination. Impossible Beach has stunning shoreline comes in at number one. The unblemished sand extends is long and beautiful, smack blast amidst warm sun, with completely clear waters ideal for snorkeling. It's the most shot beach in as per Tourist Reviews. Water Sport on Impossible Beach is renowned one. Impossible beach is located in the village of Pecatu, South Kuta District, Badung Regency and Bali province Indonesia. Impossible Beach is a beautiful rocky beach with the great waves that is suitable for surfing adventures especially for those who has been pro-surfers level. This beach is one of the famous surf points in Bali Island.
The word of impossible is derived from the access to the beach that is very unique and has the difficulty to get through so that most surfers call this beach as Impossible Beach. The beach is blessed by the great and powerful wave that always offer challenge for every surfer to enjoy the surf adventures at this surf spot. Around the world, Impossible Beach is prominent for its delightful shorelines. There are a lovely piece of shorelines in Impossible Beach and most by far of them are flawless and quiet. Impossible Beach are serene and in addition of a for the most part high gauge and it gloats a bit of the best shorelines on the planet. Tourism In charge keep their shorelines spotless and waste free.
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This Winter glove is lightweight and durable, yet thick and warm. It offers maximum dexterity so you can still move your fingers and do your work. The fingers and palm are reinforced and textured to allow you to grab things easier.


Favre Illustrated ~ The Bucky Channel - The World of Sports from Wisconsin's Perspective.
Just wanted to post the latest cover of Sports Illustrated, once again featuring Brett Favre.
And if that's not enough, Wisconsin fans, look for Ryan Braun to be on the cover of next week's Sports Illustrated!


It's my first public talk this year and I'm all excited about it. In fact, I've been spending the last few days preparing for it, scripting and rescripting my data. So here I am at the NUSS (National University of Singapore Society) Suntec City Guild House at the invitation of Singapore Institute of Management (SIM) to give a dinner talk on health and fitness.
I received the invitation to speak a few months ago and accepted it as I felt it would be a blessing to share my knowledge with others. More importantly, it would allow me to fulfill my aim of becoming a world-class trainer.
Quality performance starts with quality lifestyle. Let the dinner talk begin!
For my 90min talk, I decided to have the participants do some work instead of hearing me talk all the time. By doing exercises and then discussing it with a partner (partner share) and subsequently sharing with the class (class share), it reinforces the learning and brings it to another new level.
I threw out all the difficult concepts and devised easy to remember, yet effective phrases which the participants would be able to identify with. After all, they were not here to hear from Emeritus Professor Lionel Lim, but Lifestyle Coach Lionel Lim. There's a rule of thumb which I always observe - if I can simplify concepts or things for people such that they can easily learn and duplicate it, I have already succeeded in my mission.
Yes, I see myself as a lifestyle coach as I go beyond helping clients reach a new appreciation of their bodies and physical abilities. I do more than just that. I help them come to a new appreciation of who they are and what they can become. By utilising mediation and neuro linguistic techniques, I make training fun and memorable. Who says working out in the gym or running on the threadmill can't be exciting? I just buck the trend.
The participants were in a big surprise when I actually got them to stand up, turn around and massage the person standing in front. From the initial hesitation to the "give me give me give me more", I could tell they were having fun.
Bearing in mind the participants just had dinner, it wasn't wise to get them to do any physical exercises. I wish I could have so that they could bring home extra useful tips. But I'm sure they learnt a great deal tonight.


text:
NAACP Files Lawsuit in Defense of DACA Eligible People of Color Cancellation Impacts Thousands of Af
BALTIMORE (September 18, 2017) — The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the country's original civil rights organization, today filed a lawsuit against President Trump, Attorney General Jeff Sessions, Homeland Secretary Elaine Duke, U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services, U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement and the Department of Homeland Security, in defense of people of color eligible for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA). There are approximately 800,000 DACA recipients across the country, and more that would have been eligible for the program had it not been unnecessarily and unconstitutionally cancelled. The vast majority of DACA registrants and those eligible for DACA are people of color. More than 80% of registrants are of Mexican origin according to The Migration Policy Institute. Additionally, about 36,000 immigrants of African origin and over 20,000 youth from Caribbean nations of the Dominican Republic and Jamaica were also eligible for DACA. "This tells us that cancelling the DACA program not only violates the Equal Protection Clause of the Fifth Amendment but also possesses a racially-motivated component," said Derrick Johnson, interim President and CEO of the NAACP. "Defendant Trump's nasty, prejudiced sentiment couldn't be further from the truth.
Immigrants and DACA registrants have been positive members of society; they contribute to community; they open businesses; they pay taxes and they are generally law abiding. Kicking DACA registrants and eligible people out of the country and upending their lives is not the American Way." "This suit seeks to stop the Trump Administration from reneging on the government's promise to share the American dream with immigrant children who have become productive, valued members of our community," said Joseph M. Sellers, Partner at Cohen Milstein Sellers & Toll, PLLC, which is representing the NAACP in today's filing. "Ending the DACA program is neither right nor lawful. Given the unstable political climate, our clients and the other Dreamers need to know now that their education and livelihood can continue here, free from the looming threat of deportation."


A new Mayan Long Count Calendar began on 22 December 2012. For the ancient Maya, it was a huge celebration to make it to the end of a whole cycle, each being 144,000 days in length.
This new cycle ushered in The Golden Age of Enlightenment, an era of heightened energy awareness that commands our attention and demands our presence. It beckons us to open our hearts and see with our inner eyes. It stimulates us to create and share our light with the world. It insists we focus our intention on being and doing only that which serves the common good.
The effect of this new energy is evidenced in the global call for peace we now experience. The old patriarchal world order is dying; and as with any entity facing imminent death, it is rearing its head and digging in its heels for a last stand. We must not align ourselves with its push for continued existence, for it no longer serves. Its time has come to an end. We must align ourselves with the quickening vibration of Mother Earth. Now is the time to release old habits and beliefs, open our hearts and minds to infinite possibility, and accept the miraculous life awaiting our participation. It is time to follow our passion and create the world in which we want to live.
Upon opening our minds and hearts to this new energy, we are guided to identify that which no longer serves, give thanks for all it provided, and then send it on its way. We are moved to give birth to something new, something beneficial, something powerful. We begin to see clearly the face our passion wears, compelling us to serve its purpose.
Following our passion amplifies our awareness and raises us to higher consciousness. It fashions wings that give flight to our spirits, expanding our visions to behold the expansiveness of the universe and its inimitable possibility. It fills our hearts with gratitude as we experience the ease with which this virtue allows us to navigate the world.
Now is the time for all of us to stand in our power and make a positive difference in the world, no matter the depth or breadth of its reach, no matter the force of opposition. All beneficent creating is significant, regardless of scale, for Mother Earth is a great web. Any action taken by one is felt by all who dwell upon her.
From this point forward, let all action we take serve the good of Mother Earth and all of her beings. Let our thoughts focus on manifesting only that which serves the common good. Let our passion be blessed and our good intention be swift as an arrow.
Energy follows thought. It is time to think, feel, live, and be LOVE.
Another insightful post. My passion has always been sketching and writing but I had no faith in my ability to draw and it dwindled however my love of reading fuelled by love of writing and I continue to try to write.


text:
Beacon Hospital
Drew Harris
Irish man avalanche
The final voicemail left by Dolores O'Riordan has been released
BY Oisin Feeney
The last voicemail left by Dolores O' Riordan has been released, showing how excited she was about a cover of Zombie that she was recording.
Dolores died suddenly in January and which was a huge shock to her friends, family and fans.
She was in London recording a cover of the song Zombie with the band, Bad Wolves when she was found dead in her hotel room on January 15. She was due to sing vocals the following day.
TMZ obtained the final voicemail sent by Dolores in which she placed a call to her friend, Dan White.
In the call, she sounds extremely upbeat and positive and is extremely excited about recording the upcoming song. She described the collaboration as "f****** terribly good."
After she passed, Bad Wolves went and released the cover of Zombie as a tribute to her. The song has been a huge success and lead singer of the band, Tommy Vet spoke to Metro.co.uk about the song:
"It's a lot of mixed emotions there. You wanna be super stoked, but there's also this responsibility - this weight - to carry with the song," he said, revealing that he was also a big fan of The Cranberries.
"It has been a very heavy thing for me [as the singer," he added. "There's a lot of responsibility to do it right, but there's also a lot of optimism in the way the public has responded to our rendition."
Tags: Dolores O'Riordan, The Cranberries
Oisin Feeney
Buzz Contributor
See more articles by Oisin Feeney
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Dolores O'Riordan mural appears in her hometown of Limerick
By Fiona Kelly / 1 year ago
Dolores O'Riordan's inquest shows she died of drowning from alcohol intoxication
By David Kent / 2 years ago
Bad Wolves cover of Cranberries classic 'Zombie' goes Platinum
By Katie Gallagher / 2 years ago
Mother of Dolores O'Riordan speaks out at 'Love Both Vote No' rally
By Oisin Feeney / 2 years ago
'Zombie' cover reaches No.1 with all profits going to Dolores O'Riordan's Children
The Cranberries will finish recording their album saying it's what Dolores would have wanted


Pinewood is proud of the excellence in academics, fine arts, and athletics that has been demonstrated through the national recognition our students and programs have received. This would not be possible without the continued financial support from our donors.
In advancing the strengths of a Pinewood education, we have a tremendous opportunity to ensure that generations of young people can be part of our family. We continue to seek resources to remain the top notch school we have become. Thank you for your continued support.


The booths, the prizes, the people...everything and everyone was awash in pinks and yellows and blues.
I took pictures of creepy Hansel and Gretel life-sized cutouts.
...marble-sized gooey things which act as soil for plants and flowers.
Just one of the many wonders of the L.A. County Fair!


text:
Chernihov - The Princely city of Ukraine
The Princely city of Ukraine
On the territory which is occupied by the modern Chernihov they found traces of human activity of the 4th millennium B.C. At the beginning of the 1st millennium A.D. Slavonic tribes settled in this area. Their settlements grew and became stronger and by the second half of the 7th century several of these settlements fused and thus formed a town. Chernihov was mentioned in the first time in a Chronicle, which gives an account of the first treaty of Rus with Bysantium. This treaty was concluded in summer 860 by the Prince Askold after a successful campaign of the Kyiv army against the armies of Constantinople. In the list of the Russian cities, to which according to the treaty, the Greeks were obliged to pay tribute, Chernihov stood on the second place after Kyiv and this is an evidence importance of the main city of the Slavic tribe Siveryane as an economical and cultural centre of the Russian land.
Chernihov was established at the end of the 7th centuries. In the 9th centuries it was the capital of the Slavic Siverian tribes. In the late 9th centuries the city was the part of Kyivan Rus. In 1024 the city became the capital of the Chernihov Principality. The reign of Mstislav the Brave was the beginning of the Golden Age of Chernihov. The taxes came to the prince's exchequer from an area equal in size to modern France. Arts and crafts rapidly developed, chronicles were written, the Chernihov architectural style appeared, beautiful edifices were erected, some of them have preserved to the present. In its golden age Chernihov was one of the greatest cities of Europe, its fortificated area was about 2 square miles, and the population was 25 thousand people.
Chernihov was taken by storm by Mengu Khan on October 19 1239 and ransacked and devastated. The city was so thoroughly destroyed that only in the 18th century did the city grow to its former borders. But the city never managed to return itself the bygone fame.
For more than four centuries, Chernihov was faced with a period of stagnation and decay. In the 14th centuries the city was captured by Lithuanian princes who built a fortress in the city. And at the beginning of the 15th century, the Chernihov lands fell under the power of the princes of the Moscow State. At these Times of Troubles the city more than once was the subject of attacks of Crimean Tatars. The most devastating raids were those of Khan Mengli-Girei, who burned the town in 1482 and 1497. In 1618 the Moscow State ceded the Chernihov lands to Poland.
The national-liberation war of the Ukrainian people under the leadership of Bohdan Khmel'nitskyy against the Polish gentry ended in 1648 with the annexation of the Levoberezhnaya Ukraine to the successor of the Russian State. During the period of the so called Hetmanshina - relative autonomy of the Levoberezhnaya Ukraine as a part of Russia - began the renaissance of Chernihov as of political, economical and cultural centre. The city became the centre of a Kozak Regiment since a regiment in those times was an administrative territorial rather than a military unit.
During World War II, and in particular the summer offensive of the German troops in 1941 Chernihov became a key point on their way to Moscow around the Bryansk forests. The strategic significance of Chernihov was understood by the Soviet command as well, which placed here strong defensive lines. The first raids of the German air force on the city began as early as at the end of June. The bombings caused great destruction to Chernihov. As a result of war actions Chernihov was almost totally destroyed. Only 3 cities of the former USSR received more severe destruction than Chernihov: Stalingrad, Sevastopol and Voronezh.
The restoration of Chernihov and its economy went on rapidly. As early as 1950, all cities' enterprises reached their pre-war level of production. Soon they started to build the industrial giants: the chemical fiber plant and the worsted cloth mill. In the 1970s the plant for automobile spare parts and the radio instrument plant were constructed.
1986 came into history as a year of the greatest nuclear catastrophe of the 20th century, which was the consequence of an accident on April 26 at the Chernobyl nuclear power station. The sprawling plant, named after V.I.Lenin (the Lenin Nuclear Power Station), which is situated only in 50 miles (80 km) as the crow flies to the West from Chernihov.
The main negative consequences of the catastrophe were the numerous health problems of the fireman and other accident response teams, the men and women who built the sarcophagus and of local children. After the catastrophe they diagnosed 56 cases of thyroid gland cancer in children in the Chernihov Region, while before the wreck there was not a single such case. Nevertheless, thanks to the wind, which blew in the opposite direction, Chernihivites suffered relatively little compared to residents West and North of the site.
From 1991 Chernihov is the historical city, the region and district centre of the young independent East European state Ukraine. In September 1992 in Chernihov celebrated 1300-year anniversary of the founding of the city. The central event of the holiday was the unveiling of the monument to the great Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko, in which participated the first President of Ukraine Leonid Kravchuk.


To ensure a baseline of interoperability between WebRTC endpoints, a minimum set of required codecs is specified. However, to maximize the possibility of establishing the session without the need for audio transcoding, it is also recommended to include in the offer other suitable audio codecs that are available to the browser.
This document provides some guidelines on the suitable codecs to be considered for WebRTC endpoints to address the use cases most relevant to interoperability.


WASHINGTON, May 13 /PRNewswire/ -- Antioxidant vitamins such as Vitamin Emay protect the eyes against cataracts and age-related maculardegeneration, according to a new special health report from HarvardMedical School.
There's some truth to the belief that "eating carrots is good for theeyes," the Harvard publication said, but noted that diets containing moreantioxidant vitamins such as Vitamin E and Vitamin C "are even better."
The Harvard Health Letter said in its May issue that a recent governmentstudy finding that Vitamin E and other vitamins and minerals may slowprogression of macular degeneration "was a success."
The study, called the Age-Related Eye Disease Study or AREDS, wasconducted by the National Institutes of Health. Doses used in the trialwere 400 international units of Vitamin E, 500 milligrams of Vitamin C, 15milligrams of beta carotene, 80 milligrams of zinc, and two milligrams ofcopper.
The Harvard Health Letter pointed out, however, that the positive resultswere in people who already had moderate to serious macular degeneration,and that the vitamin-mineral combination hasn't been shown to help "peoplewho had no macular degeneration or only a mild case." The Harvardpublication recommended that patients don't take vitamins and minerals forthe condition until "an ophthalmologist has examined your eyes anddetermined that you're a high-risk patient."
More than a quarter of Americans aged 75 or older show some signs ofmacular degeneration, the Harvard Health Letter said. Severe vision losscan result, "although no one goes totally blind from maculardegeneration."


Patio Stones, Fuel Tank Pads, Curbs, Square Hollow Steps, Hexagon Steps and Half Moon Steps. Porter's Manufactures a number of different sized curbs and patio slabs as well as fuel tank pads, jersey barriers and concrete bench ends. All of these products are reinforced and competitively priced. Giving our customers the advantage of stronger more durable items for a great price! We also have a large stock in precast steps and porches, with railings available for order.


CampusAuthority. He also created a position for himself at Silicon Prairie News and has since worked up to become their COO. In this video, Geoff talks about being an entrepreneur, what it takes to be self-motivated, and how he went about launching his newest product, Eggcrates.


As one of the rising stars on the NASCAR circuit, Joey Logano has legions of fans that follow his every move around the racetrack.
Away from the pits, the 20-year-old racing phenom follows his own sports heroes, including members of the U.S. Sled Hockey Team.
With the start of the NASCAR season less than a month away, there's plenty to do before the rubber hits the road. Still, Logano managed to break away to spend time with the U.S. sledders and personally congratulate them for their gold-medal performance at the 2010 Paralympic Games.
It was also a chance for the players to thank Logano, his father Tom and the rest of the Gibbs Racing Team for the state-of-the-art sleds that kept them one step ahead of the competition.
In addition to meeting with players and the coaching staff in the locker room of the Xtreme Ice Center in Indian Trail, N.C., Logano also hung out on the bench and watched as head coach Ray Maluta put the team through drills in preparation for future competitions, including the Japan Para Ice Sledge Hockey Championships, which takes place in Nagano in mid-March.
This year's squad includes seven new players to the team, who were presented with state-of-the-art sleds from Dave Guess, the chief mechanic who created sleds for the rest of the team. Older players also used the time to have their sleds tuned up by Guess.
"The message Joey delivered to the players was that the Gibbs Racing Team and the Logano family are in it for the long haul," said team general manager Dan Brennan.
Away from the glare of the NASCAR spotlight, Logano easily bonded with the players, reminding them that he started out as a hockey player in Middletown, Conn., before making the switch to the racing circuit.
For their part, the players peppered Logano with questions, from his recollection of past crashes to what it's like to go so fast and race in front of so many people.
"At the end of the day it means a lot to have people like [the Logano family and Gibbs Racing Team] who respect our game and go out of their way to learn more about what we do," said Alexei Salamone, a veteran of the U.S. program.


At MWL Events we pride ourselves on supporting local businesses. We believe that by working together we can achieve the best outcome in order to boost local economy.
We are very proud to be associated with the following businesses and grateful of the support they've shown via sponsorship.


text:
Jakup Ferri
Daniel Roth Daniel Roth
20th March 2010 - 6th June 2010
Photo: Gert Jan van Rooij
Xander Karskens
the Exhibition Guide
De Hallen Haarlem presented the first solo museum exhibition in The Netherlands by the German artist Daniel Roth. The show Serum traced the development of his art on the basis of existing and new work, from drawings, sculptures and photographs with a narrative character to ever more frugal, autonomous images in which the relation between the human body and the landscape is central. The title of this presentation was derived from the new installation which Roth had made especially for De Hallen Haarlem. This exhibition was on view from March 20 through June 6, 2010.
Narrative Suggestion
The strongly narrative side of Daniel Roth's (Schramberg, 1969) work, with references to literary genres such as science fiction, as well as to writers of 'existentialist ramblings' such as W.G. Sebald and Robert Walser, is particularly expressed in his key work Glaswaldsee, from 2004. This installation is comprised of a tank filled with black liquid, a walking stick and drawings and photographs of existing and imaginary sites. The installation represents an imaginary structure on the floor of the Glaswaldsee.
Roth offers a rather ominous view of man's irrepressible desire to manipulate his environment; malleability is a central theme in his work. In Roth's universe we have drifted far from our original relation with nature, and he sketches various enigmatic scenarios for us by which this relation could be intensified.
Besides Glaswaldsee, the installation Serum was presented in De Hallen Haarlem. In the large space of the Verweyhal, through a group of sculptures and drawings and a 16 mm film, Roth visualised a museum which exists beneath the crust of the earth. The human body is transformed into abstract, anthropomorphic forms. Sculptural elements, made of wood or tree bark or on the contrary from synthetic materials, are combined with objects that resemble architectonic scale models or fragments of modernist furniture, fabricated from cold concrete. The 16 mm black and white film projection provides an associative background again


text:
package gameAuthoring.scenes.pathBuilding.pathComponents;

import gameAuthoring.scenes.pathBuilding.buildingPanes.towerRegions.Tile;
import gameAuthoring.scenes.pathBuilding.enemyLocations.PathEndingLocation;
import gameAuthoring.scenes.pathBuilding.enemyLocations.PathLocation;
import gameAuthoring.scenes.pathBuilding.enemyLocations.PathStartingLocation;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import javafx.geometry.Point2D;
import javafx.scene.Group;
import javafx.scene.Node;
import javafx.scene.paint.Color;

/**
 * Holds all of the routes and all of the logic to connect disconnected routes together,
 * to add new routes, and to create forks.
 *
 * @author Austin Kyker
 *
 */
public class Path implements Iterable<PathRoute> {

    protected static final Color VISIBLE_COLOR = Color.BLUE;
    protected static final Color INVISIBLE_COLOR = new Color(0, 0, 0, .3);

    private static final double CONNECT_THRESHOLD = 40;
    private static final double INSIDE_STARTING_LOC_THRESHOLD = 50;
    private static final double MIN_DISTANCE_BTW_LOCS = 150;

    private List<PathStartingLocation> myStartingLocations;
    private List<PathEndingLocation> myEndingLocations;
    private List<PathRoute> myPath;

    private PathComponent mySelectedComponent;
    private static Group myGroup;

    public Path (Group group) {
        myGroup = group;
        myPath = new ArrayList<PathRoute>();
        myStartingLocations = new ArrayList<PathStartingLocation>();
        myEndingLocations = new ArrayList<PathEndingLocation>();
    }

    /**
     * First tries to add a component to a starting location and if this fails,
     * the method tries to add the component to another pre-existing route. Otherwise
     * it starts its own new route.
     */
    public void addComponentToPath (PathComponent componentToAdd) {
        createNewRoute(componentToAdd);
        if (!componentAddedToStartingLocation(componentToAdd)) {
            attemptToConnectRoutes(componentToAdd);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if a starting location is close to the starting point of the component.
     * If so, it connects the component to the starting point.
     */
    private boolean componentAddedToStartingLocation (PathComponent componentToAdd) {
        for (PathStartingLocation startingLoc : myStartingLocations) {
            Point2D centerOfStartingLoc =
                    new Point2D(startingLoc.getCenterX(), startingLoc.getCenterY());
            if (addedComponentIsWithinCircle(componentToAdd.getStartingPoint(), centerOfStartingLoc)) {
                componentToAdd.setStartingPoint(centerOfStartingLoc);
                getRouteContaining(componentToAdd).setStartingLocation(startingLoc);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if the ending point of the component added is close to an ending location.
     * If so, the component is connected to the end point.
     */
    public boolean tryToAddConnectComponentToEndingLocation (PathComponent componentToAdd) {
        for (PathEndingLocation endingLoc : myEndingLocations) {
            Point2D centerCircle = new Point2D(endingLoc.getCenterX(), endingLoc.getCenterY());
            if (addedComponentIsWithinCircle(componentToAdd.getEndingPoint(), centerCircle)) {
                componentToAdd.setEndingPoint(centerCircle);
                getRouteContaining(componentToAdd).setEndingLocation(endingLoc);
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Tries to connect two routes together. Not only checks to see if the end of one route
     * can be connected to the beginning of another route and vice versa, but also checks to
     * see if a fork can be made. In the case of the fork the components in the pre-existing route
     * above the fork are copied and added to the head of the added component. This way two routes
     * are generated and they each have seperate components rather than sharing components.
     */
    public boolean attemptToConnectRoutes (PathComponent comp) {
        PathRoute connectedComponent1 =
                getRouteContaining(comp);
        for (PathRoute connectedComponent2 : myPath) {
            if (!connectedComponent1.equals(connectedComponent2)) {
                for (PathComponent component : connectedComponent2) {
                    if (!component.equals(connectedComponent2.getLast())) {
                        if (closeEnoughToConnect(component, connectedComponent1.getFirst())) {
                            PathRoute componentsBefore =
                                    connectedComponent2.getComponentsBefore(component);
                            // Have to add new component.
                            drawComponents(componentsBefore.getComponents());
                            myPath.add(componentsBefore);
                            connectRoutes(componentsBefore, connectedComponent1);
                            ensureLocationsAreInFront();
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                    else {
                        if (closeEnoughToConnect(connectedComponent1.getLast(),
                                                 connectedComponent2.getFirst())) {
                            connectRoutes(connectedComponent1, connectedComponent2);
                            return true;
                        }
                        else if (closeEnoughToConnect(connectedComponent2.getLast(),
                                                      connectedComponent1.getFirst())) {
                            connectRoutes(connectedComponent2, connectedComponent1);
                            return true;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private void drawComponents (List<PathComponent> components) {
        for (PathComponent component : components) {
            myGroup.getChildren().add((Node) component);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Simply connects the ending point of connectedComponent1 to the starting point of
     * connectedComponent2
     */
    protected void connectRoutes (PathRoute connectedComponent1,
                                  PathRoute connectedComponent2) {
        connectedComponent2.getFirst().setStartingPoint(connectedComponent1.getLast()
                                                                .getEndingPoint());
        connectedComponent1.addAll(connectedComponent2);
        myPath.remove(connectedComponent2);
    }

    private boolean addedComponentIsWithinCircle (Point2D pointNearestCircle, Point2D centerCircle) {
        return pointNearestCircle.distance(centerCircle) < INSIDE_STARTING_LOC_THRESHOLD;
    }

    private void createNewRoute (PathComponent componentToAdd) {
        PathRoute newConnectedComponent = new PathRoute();
        newConnectedComponent.add(componentToAdd);
        myPath.add(newConnectedComponent);
    }

    private boolean closeEnoughToConnect (PathComponent last, PathComponent componentToAdd) {
        return last.getEndingPoint().distance(componentToAdd.getStartingPoint()) < CONNECT_THRESHOLD;
    }

    /**
     * Moves the entire route. This function is called in selection mode when the user picks up
     * a route and drags it across screen.
     */
    public void moveConnectedComponent (PathComponent draggedComponent, double deltaX, double deltaY) {
        PathRoute connectedComponent =
                getRouteContaining(draggedComponent);
        if (connectedComponent.isNotConnectedToStartOrEndLocations()) {
            for (PathComponent component : connectedComponent) {
                component.translate(deltaX, deltaY);
            }
        }
    }

    protected PathRoute getRouteContaining (PathComponent comp) {
        for (PathRoute connectedComponent : myPath) {
            for (PathComponent component : connectedComponent) {
                if (comp.equals(component)) { return connectedComponent; }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    public PathStartingLocation addStartingLocation (double x, double y) {
        if (canCreateLocationAtPoint(x, y)) {
            PathStartingLocation loc = new PathStartingLocation(x, y);
            myStartingLocations.add(loc);
            return loc;
        }
        return null;
    }

    private boolean isAnotherStartingLocationToClose (double x, double y) {
        Point2D newLocation = new Point2D(x, y);
        return myStartingLocations.stream()
                .filter(loc -> isLocationCloseToPoint(loc, newLocation)).count() > 0;
    }

    public PathEndingLocation addEndingLocation (double x, double y) {
        if (canCreateLocationAtPoint(x, y)) {
            PathEndingLocation loc = new PathEndingLocation(x, y);
            myEndingLocations.add(loc);
            return loc;
        }
        return null;
    }

    protected boolean canCreateLocationAtPoint (double x, double y) {
        return !isAnotherEndingLocationToClose(x, y) &&
               !isAnotherStartingLocationToClose(x, y);
    }

    private boolean isAnotherEndingLocationToClose (double x, double y) {
        Point2D newLocation = new Point2D(x, y);
        return myEndingLocations.stream()
                .filter(loc -> isLocationCloseToPoint(loc, newLocation)).count() > 0;
    }

    protected boolean isLocationCloseToPoint (PathLocation pathLocation, Point2D newLocation) {
        return pathLocation.getCenterLoc().distance(newLocation) < MIN_DISTANCE_BTW_LOCS;
    }

    public boolean startingLocationsConfiguredCorrectly () {
        return !myStartingLocations.isEmpty();
    }

    public boolean endingLocationsConfiguredCorrectly () {
        return !myEndingLocations.isEmpty();
    }

    /**
     * Handles the selection of components in selection mode. Ensures that the route
     * that is clicked on is selected (green). If it was already selected, then it is
     * deselected.
     */
    public void handleComponentSelection (PathComponent componentClickedOn) {
        if (isComponentInPreviouslySelectedComponent(componentClickedOn)) {
            deselectSelectedConnectedComponent();
        }
        else {
            deselectSelectedConnectedComponent();
            mySelectedComponent = componentClickedOn;
            PathRoute selectedConnectedComponent =
                    getRouteContaining(mySelectedComponent);
            for (PathComponent comp : selectedConnectedComponent) {
                bringComponentToFrontOfGroup((Node) comp);
                comp.select();
            }
            ensureLocationsAreInFront();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Ensures that the starting and ending location nodes are in front
     * of the path component nodes to make it more aesthetically pleasing.
     */
    private void ensureLocationsAreInFront () {
        for (PathStartingLocation loc : myStartingLocations) {
            bringComponentToFrontOfGroup(loc);
        }
        for (PathEndingLocation loc : myEndingLocations) {
            bringComponentToFrontOfGroup(loc);
        }
    }

    private void bringComponentToFrontOfGroup (Node comp) {
        myGroup.getChildren().remove(comp);
        myGroup.getChildren().add((Node) comp);
    }

    private boolean isComponentInPreviouslySelectedComponent (PathComponent componentClickedOn) {
        if (mySelectedComponent != null) {
            PathRoute selectedConnectedComponent =
                    getRouteContaining(mySelectedComponent);
            return selectedConnectedComponent.getComponents().stream()
                    .filter(comp -> comp.equals(componentClickedOn)).count() > 0;
        }
        return false;
    }

    private void deselectSelectedConnectedComponent () {
        if (mySelectedComponent != null) {
            PathRoute selectedConnectedComponent = getRouteContaining(mySelectedComponent);
            for (PathComponent comp : selectedConnectedComponent) {
                comp.removeStroke();
            }
            mySelectedComponent = null;
        }
    }

    public List<PathComponent> deleteSelectedComponent () {
        if (mySelectedComponent != null) {
            PathRoute connectedComponentToDelete =
                    getRouteContaining(mySelectedComponent);
            myPath.remove(connectedComponentToDelete);
            mySelectedComponent = null;
            return connectedComponentToDelete.getComponents();
        }
        return null;
    }

    public List<PathComponent> getAllPathComponents () {
        List<PathComponent> componentsList = new ArrayList<PathComponent>();
        for (PathRoute connectedComponent : myPath) {
            componentsList.addAll(connectedComponent.getComponents());
        }
        return componentsList;
    }

    public void clearEnemyStartingLocations () {
        myGroup.getChildren().removeAll(myStartingLocations);
        myStartingLocations.clear();

    }

    public void clearEnemyEndingLocations () {
        myGroup.getChildren().removeAll(myEndingLocations);
        myEndingLocations.clear();
    }

    protected int getNumRoutes () {
        return myPath.size();
    }

    // method is only here for CreationTests. Classes outside
    // the path cannot use it.
    protected List<PathRoute> getRoutes () {
        return myPath;
    }

    @Override
    public Iterator<PathRoute> iterator () {
        return myPath.iterator();
    }

    public boolean isPathCompletedAndRoutesVerified () {
        if (myPath.isEmpty()) return false;
        for (PathRoute route : myPath) {
            if (!route.isConnectedToStartAndEndLocations()) { return false; }
        }
        return true;
    }

    public void resetPath () {
        myPath.clear();
        myGroup.getChildren().clear();
        clearEnemyEndingLocations();
        clearEnemyStartingLocations();
    }

    public boolean intersects (Tile tile) {
        return this.getAllPathComponents().stream()
                .filter(comp -> comp.getNode().intersects(tile.getBoundsInLocal()))
                .count() > 0;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
You are here: >Home Page >Religion > Buddhism > Monasticism: A Very Short Introduction
Inspection Copy Feedback
Monasticism: A Very Short Introduction
Stephen J. Davis
Stephen J. Davis considers the phenomenon of monasticism from antiquity to the present day, addressing key questions about monastic spirituality and practice. Looking at Christian, Jainism, and Buddhist traditions of monasticism, Davis explores the life and beliefs of those in monasteries, and considers the role of monasticism in the modern world.
Considers monasticism and monastic communities from ancient and medieval times right through to the 21st century
Compares the different religious traditions of monasticism — especially Buddhism, Christianity, and Jainism — and also non-traditional communities
Explores different settings, from East Asia to North America
Discusses the realities of daily life for monks and nuns throughout history and across the globe
Part of the Very Short Introductions series - over eight million copies sold worldwide
Stephen J. Davis, Professor of Religious Studies, History, and Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations, Yale University
Stephen J. Davis is Professor of Religious Studies, History, and Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at Yale University, specializing in the history of ancient and medieval Christianity, with a special focus on the eastern Mediterranean and the Near East. Since 2013, he has served as Head of Pierson College, one of the fourteen residential colleges at Yale. He is the author of several books, including The Cult of St. Thecla: A Tradition of Women's Piety in Late Antiquity (O UP, 2001), and Coptic Christology in Practice: Incarnation and Divine Participation in Late Antique and Medieval Egypt (OUP, 2008). His most recent book, Christ Child: Cultural Memories of a Young Jesus, was published by Yale University Press in 2014. For over a decade (since 2006), Stephen has directed the Yale Monastic Archaeology Project, sponsoring archaeological and archival work at several ancient and medieval monastic sites in Egypt.
1:Definitions
2:Differences
3:Rules, Social Organization, and Gender
4:Saints and Spirituality
5:Spaces Real and Imagined
6:A Global Phenomenon in the Contemporary World
"...excellent..." - Patricia Rumsey, Modern Believing
"... the book of Stephen J. Davis deserves to be read, understood and used not only by the curious people who want to find more about the approached topic, but also by the specialists in their future scientific enterprises." - Iuliu-Marius Morariu, Studia Monastica
"This pocket-size text is concise without sacrificing necessary illustrations, expert but free from pedantry, and skilfully arranged by significant themes." - Patrick Horn, Reading Religion
The Virgin Mary: A Very Short Introduction
Mary Joan Winn Leith
The Bible: A Very Short Introduction
John Riches
Atheism: A Very Short Introduction
Blasphemy: A Very Short Introduction
Yvonne Sherwood
War and Religion: A Very Short Introduction
Jolyon Mitchell, Joshua Rey
The Book of Common Prayer: A Guide
Charles Hefling
Religion: A Very Short Introduction
Thomas A. Tweed
Buddhist Ethics: A Very Short Introduction
Damien Keown
Secularism: A Very Short Introduction
Andrew Copson
The Book of Common Prayer: A Very Short Introduction
Brian Cummings
Jonathan Edwards and Scripture: Biblical Exegesis in British North America
David P. Barshinger, Douglas A. Sweeney
Miracles: A Very Short Introduction
Yujin Nagasawa
Devoted to Death: Santa Muerte, the Skeleton Saint
R. Andrew Chesnut
Getting to Church: Exploring Narratives of Gender and Joining
Sally K. Gallagher
Parish and Place: Making Room for Diversity in the American Catholic Church
Tricia Colleen Bruce
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I was not very big on Dior until this bag came about. The product of a random unbridled shopping spree in London.
A chic Diorama flap bag in Champagne Gold metallic calfskin with the iconic micro-cannage motif that I got sometimes in 2017.
The Diorama was my first Dior bag and opened the flood gates of a bunch of other bags from the Fashion house- I will be regaling you about Lady Dior in a consecutive post if you promise to stick around.
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text:
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of solar hydrogen generation literature from 2001 to 2014
Maghami, Mohammadreza and Navabi asl, Shahin and Rezadad, Mohamad ismail and Ale ebrahim, Nader and Gomes, Chandima (2015): Qualitative and quantitative analysis of solar hydrogen generation literature from 2001 to 2014. Published in: Scientometrics No. First online: 09 September 2015 (9 September 2015): pp. 1-13.
Solar hydrogen generation is one of the new topics in the field of renewable energy. Recently, the rate of investigation about hydrogen generation is growing dramatically in many countries. Many studies have been done about hydrogen generation from natural resources such as wind, solar, coal etc. In this work we evaluated global scientific production of solar hydrogen generation papers from 2001 to 2014 in any journal of all the subject categories of the Science Citation Index compiled by Institute for Scientific Information (ISI), Philadelphia, USA. Solar hydrogen generation was used as keywords to search the parts of titles, abstracts, or keywords. The published output analysis showed that hydrogen generation from the sun research steadily increased over the past 14 years and the annual paper production in 2013 was about three times 2010-paper production. The number of papers considered in this research is 141 which have been published from 2001 to this date. There are clear distinctions among author keywords used in publications from the five most high-publishing countries such as USA, China, Australia, Germany and India in solar hydrogen studies. In order to evaluate this work quantitative and qualitative analysis methods were used to the development of global scientific production in a specific research field. The analytical results eventually provide several key findings and consider the overview hydrogen production according to the solar hydrogen generation.
Solar hydrogen generation, hydrogen generation, water splitting, hydrogen literature, Bibliometrics
L - Industrial Organization > L0 - General
L - Industrial Organization > L0 - General > L00 - General
R - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics > R0 - General
Z - Other Special Topics > Z0 - General > Z00 - General
Nader Ale Ebrahim
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Andrews, J., & Shabani, B. Dimensionless analysis of the global techno-economic feasibility of solar-hydrogen systems for constant year-round power supply. International journal of hydrogen energy, 37(1), 6-18.
Bak, T., Nowotny, J., Rekas, M., & Sorrell, C. (2002). Photo-electrochemical hydrogen generation from water using solar energy. Materials-related aspects. International journal of hydrogen energy, 27(10), 991-1022.
Barbir, F. PEM fuel cells: theory and practice: Academic Press.
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Fakioğlu, E., Yürüm, Y., & Nejat Veziroğlu, T. (2004). A review of hydrogen storage systems based on boron and its compounds. International journal of hydrogen energy, 29(13), 1371-1376.
Ghosh, P., Emonts, B., Janßen, H., Mergel, J., & Stolten, D. (2003). Ten years of operational experience with a hydrogen-based renewable energy supply system. Solar Energy, 75(6), 469-478.
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Kotler, P. Reinventing marketing to manage the environmental imperative. Journal of Marketing, 75(4), 132-135.
Larminie, J., Dicks, A., & McDonald, M. S. (2003). Fuel cell systems explained (Vol. 2): Wiley New York.
Licht, S. (2002). Efficient solar generation of hydrogen fuel–a fundamental analysis. Electrochemistry Communications, 4(10), 790-795.
Licht, S. (2005). Thermochemical solar hydrogen generation. Chemical communications(37), 4635-4646.
Licht, S. (2009). STEP (solar thermal electrochemical photo) generation of energetic molecules: A solar chemical process to end anthropogenic global warming. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 113(36), 16283-16292.
Linkous, C. A., & Muradov, N. Z. (2001). Closed cycle photocatalytic process for decomposition of hydrogen sulfide to its constituent elements: Google Patents.
Momirlan, M., & Veziroglu, T. (2002). Current status of hydrogen energy. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 6(1), 141-179.
Momirlan, M., & Veziroglu, T. N. (2005). The properties of hydrogen as fuel tomorrow in sustainable energy system for a cleaner planet. International journal of hydrogen energy, 30(7), 795-802.
Nadal, M., & Barbir, F. (1996). Development of a hybrid fuel cell/battery powered electric vehicle. International journal of hydrogen energy, 21(6), 497-505.
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Noglik, A., Roeb, M., Sattler, C., & Pitz-Paal, R. Numerical Optimization of a Volumetric Solar Receiver-Reactor for Thermochemical Hydrogen Generation via Decomposition of Sulfur Trioxide. Paper presented at the ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability.
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Paul, B., & Andrews, J. (2008). Optimal coupling of PV arrays to PEM electrolysers in solar–hydrogen systems for remote area power supply. International journal of hydrogen energy, 33(2), 490-498.
Pregger, T., Graf, D., Krewitt, W., Sattler, C., Roeb, M., & Möller, S. (2009). Prospects of solar thermal hydrogen production processes. International journal of hydrogen energy, 34(10), 4256-4267.
Priya, R., & Kanmani, S. Design of pilot-scale solar photocatalytic reactor for the generation of hydrogen from alkaline sulfide wastewater of sewage treatment plant. Environmental Technology, 34(20), 2817-2823.
Priya, R., & Kanmani, S. Solar photocatalytic generation of hydrogen under ultraviolet-visible light irradiation on (CdS/ZnS)/Ag2S+(RuO2/TiO2) photocatalysts. Bulletin of Materials Science, 33(1), 85-88.
Priya, R., & Kanmani, S. (2008). Solar photocatalytic generation of hydrogen from hydrogen sulphide using CdS-based photocatalysts. Current Science (00113891), 94(1).
Priya, R., & Kanmani, S. (2009). Batch slurry photocatalytic reactors for the generation of hydrogen from sulfide and sulfite waste streams under solar irradiation. Solar Energy, 83(10), 1802-1805.
Roeb, M., Konstandopoulos, A. G., Steele, A., Stobbe, P., Agrafiotis, C., Sattler, C., et al. (2006). Solar hydrogen production by a two-step cycle based on mixed iron oxides. Journal of Solar Energy Engineering, 128(2), 125-133.
Roeb, M., & Müller-Steinhagen, H. Concentrating on solar electricity and fuels. Science, 329(5993), 773-774.
Satyapal, S., Petrovic, J., Read, C., Thomas, G., & Ordaz, G. (2007). The US Department of Energy's National Hydrogen Storage Project: Progress towards meeting hydrogen-powered vehicle requirements. Catalysis today, 120(3), 246-256.
Shabani, B., & Andrews, J. An experimental investigation of a PEM fuel cell to supply both heat and power in a solar-hydrogen RAPS system. International journal of hydrogen energy, 36(9), 5442-5452.
Shabani, B., Andrews, J., & Watkins, S. Energy and cost analysis of a solar-hydrogen combined heat and power system for remote power supply using a computer simulation. Solar Energy, 84(1), 144-155.
Sherif, S. A., Barbir, F., & Veziroglu, T. (2005). Wind energy and the hydrogen economy—review of the technology. Solar Energy, 78(5), 647-660.
Sopian, K., Yigit, K., Liu, H., Kakac, S., & Veziroglu, T. (1996). Performance analysis of photovoltaic thermal air heaters. Energy Conversion and Management, 37(11), 1657-1670.
van de Krol, R., Liang, Y., & Schoonman, J. (2008). Solar hydrogen production with nanostructured metal oxides. Journal of Materials Chemistry, 18(20), 2311-2320.
Veziroğlu, T. N. (2008). 21st Century's energy: Hydrogen energy system. Energy Conversion and Management, 49(7), 1820-1831.
Wang, G., & Li, Y. Nickel Catalyst Boosts Solar Hydrogen Generation of CdSe Nanocrystals. ChemCatChem, 5(6), 1294-1295.
Wang, H., Qian, F., Wang, G., Jiao, Y., He, Z., & Li, Y. Self-Biased Solar-Microbial Device for Sustainable Hydrogen Generation. ACS nano, 7(10), 8728-8735.
Winter, C.-J. (1987). Hydrogen energy—expected engineering breakthroughs. International journal of hydrogen energy, 12(8), 521-546.
Xiong, L., Kannan, A., & Manthiram, A. (2002). Pt–M (M= Fe, Co, Ni and Cu) electrocatalysts synthesized by an aqueous route for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Electrochemistry Communications, 4(11), 898-903.
Z'Graggen, A., Haueter, P., Maag, G., Vidal, A., Romero, M., & Steinfeld, A. (2007). Hydrogen production by steam-gasification of petroleum coke using concentrated solar power—III. Reactor experimentation with slurry feeding. International journal of hydrogen energy, 32(8), 992-996.
Zhang, Y.-H. P., Evans, B. R., Mielenz, J. R., Hopkins, R. C., & Adams, M. W. (2007). High-yield hydrogen production from starch and water by a synthetic enzymatic pathway. PloS one, 2(5), e456.