text:
Melville House Books
DOJ sues publishers, and John Sargent leads the resistance — again
by Dennis Johnson
Macmillan head John Sargent
The other shoe has dropped: As expected but still stupefying nonetheless, the Department of Justice yesterday, in an announcement made by Attorney General Eric Holder no less, said that it is indeed suing Apple and five of the Big Six publishers — HarperCollins, Hachette, Simon & Schuster, Penguin and Macmillan — for collusion on ebook price-fixing. Simultaneously, it also announced that three of those publishers — HarperCollins, Hachette and Simon & Schuster — had settled. Meanwhile, Penguin and Macmillan, along with Apple, announced they would fight the charges.
Also simultaneously, the very thing publishers predicted would happen — the very thing this was all about preventing — did in fact happen: immediately, as if to twist the knife, Amazon announced it was dropping its prices on ebooks.
"Amazon must be unbelievably happy today," one analyst tells David Streitfeld in a New York Times story. "Had they been puppeteering this whole play, it could not have worked out better for them." Meanwhile, Streitfeld reports,
Booksellers reacted to the news with dismay. The American Booksellers Association said the Justice Department's decision "to challenge a business model that played an essential role in fostering a more competitive, diverse retail environment seems to turn logic on its head."
Others, of course, were celebrating — such as Steve Berman, an attorney leading a class-action lawsuit against the same five publishers and Apple for the same price-fixing charges. "The actions by the Justice Department substantiate our view of the case," Berman tells Streitfeld … who reports that Berman's firm "is in a Seattle office building that also houses Amazon offices."
Meanwhile, the Justice Department's lawsuit itself is a doozy, with elements of what appears to be surveillance of the top executives of the publishing companies. As Julie Bosman details in another Times story, the lawsuit says …
… the chief executives of the publishing companies met once every several months to "discuss confidential business and competitive matters, including Amazon's e-book retailing practices."
One of the meetings took place in the Chef's Wine Cellar, a private room at Picholine, a Manhattan restaurant. One of the chief executives "reported that business matters were discussed," the suit said.
"These private meetings," the suit says, "provided the publisher defendants' C.E.O.'s the opportunity to discuss how they collectively could solve 'the $9.99 problem' " — that is, Amazon's practice of charging $9.99 for most newer and best-selling e-books.
A Financial Times report adds to this, saying it was Penguin head John Makinson and Macmillan head John Sargent meeting in the Wine Cellar.
But Sargent, who inspired the industry with his stand against Amazon two years ago — detailed in this letter to his authors and staff, it was what led other publishers to also stand up against Amazon, which is the basis of the current case — denied the charges in another stirring statement to authors and employees, reprinted by Publishers Weekly. He says he made the decision "on January 22nd, 2010, a little after 4 a.m., on an exercise bike in my basement," and that it was actually "the loneliest decision I have ever made, and I see no reason to go back on it now."
Dennis Johnson is the founder of MobyLives, and the co-founder and co-publisher of Melville House. Follow him on Twitter at @mobylives
The DOJ's publishers lawsuit
MobyLives' coverage of the DOJ lawsuit
SCOTUS denies Apple's appeal, bringing an end to four-year ebook pricing case
Leading booksellers and authors' groups join together to file pro-Apple petition with Supreme Court
Apple generously offers government one last chance to do the right thing
Apple loses antitrust appeal
"BoxedOut" campaign to warn customers of costs of shopping on Amazon this season
Will the retroactive reckoning deshelve books?
California and Washington enter Amazon investigation
Simon & Schuster is "not a core asset" says CEO as publishing giant is put up for sale
AmazonAppleConglomerate PublishingDepartment of JusticeDOJ suitFeaturedJohn Makinsonjohn sargentpicholene
Anti-Antifa book protested at Powell's Books; free speech confusion continues
Buzzing on Bookstagram: Jenny Odell's How to Do Nothing
Essential Reads for 2021
HTDN Sticky
Seeing Power Nato Thompson
I Await the Devil's Coming Mary MacLane
Backlist Staff Picks
Melville House 2020 Staff Picks
Barrett Browning's bleak beachcation: lonely letter lamenting isolation lifted to fame
Inspiring Reads for the New Year
Hybrid Books
MobyLives

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Android 9 Pie Certified for Samsung Galaxy A7, A8, and A9 (2018)
Onsa Mustafa Last Updated: Jan 20, 2019
As we all know that Samsung is bringing Android 9 Pie update to many of its devices. Just recently, Samsung Galaxy S9 and S9 plus start getting Android Pie update. Now Samsung is Planning to Bring Android Pie Update for Galaxy Note 8 Next Month and also for Galaxy S8/S8 Plus in March. Now Android 9 Pie Certified for Samsung Galaxy A7, A8, and A9 (2018). We have already reported that Samsung is quite sure to bring the Android Pie update in the first half of 2019. Most probably, we will get Android 9 Pie in these smartphones by the end of April 2019.
Samsung Galaxy A7, A8, A9 (2018) Will soon Get the Android 9 Pie Update
The Wi-Fi Alliance certified these three smartphones for Android 9 Pie. It means the three smartphones of Samsung's 2018 A series will soon get the Android 9 Pie. All these three smartphones are mid-range devices but offer a great quality of features. Just as the Galaxy A7 (2018) accommodates a 6-inch Super AMOLED display with 1080 x 2220 pixel resolution. The smartphone has no notch. In addition to that, the phone uses an octa-core 2.2GHz CPU paired with the Exynos chipset which is claimed to be varied by the regions. Furthermore, it will come in three different memory configurations that are 4GB/64GB, 4GB/128GB or 6GB/128GB.
According to the Google, Android Pie offers support for the latest edge-to-edge screens with a cut-out for the camera and speaker. Another major feature is App Actions, that insert quick actions based on your activities within the app launcher at certain times of the day. Android Pie also brings new system navigation.
Many different companies have announced to bring the latest Android Pie update to many of their devices. Recently, Samsung, Xiaomi, Vivo, and HTC have announced to bring the Android Pie update in its smartphones. Sony has also brought Android Pie Update in its smartphones. But LG is quite slow in this race.


text:
Kang Woo-suk (born November 10, 1960 in Gyeongsan) is a South Korean film producer and director. He has often been called the most powerful man in Korean cinema, topping Cine21 magazine's list of '50 Most Powerful Men in Korean Cinema' for seven consecutive years from 1998 to 2004.

Kang started as a director of successful comedy films before directing Two Cops in 1993, a box office hit whose success at the time was only surpassed by Sopyonje. More recently, he has directed several Korean blockbusters, including the Public Enemy series (Public Enemy, Another Public Enemy, and Public Enemy Returns) and Silmido.

After the success of Two Cops Kang founded his own film production and distribution company, Cinema Service, which has since become the biggest homegrown studio in the Korean film industry and along with CJ Entertainment, one of the two largest film distributors in South Korea. In 2005 Kang stepped down from the position of president of Cinema Service, claiming he intends to concentrate more on his personal film projects.

Selected filmography
The Map Against The World (2016)
Fists of Legend (2013)
Glove (2011)
Moss (2010)
Public Enemy 3 (2008)
Hanbando (2006)
Another Public Enemy (2005)
Silmido (2003)
Public Enemy (2002)
Two Cops 2 (1996)
Two Cops (1993)

Awards
1994 30th Baeksang Arts Awards: Best Director (Two Cops)
2004 24th Blue Dragon Film Awards: Best Director (Silmido)
2010 18th Chunsa Film Art Awards: Best Director (Moss)
2010 47th Grand Bell Awards: Best Director (Moss)
2010 31st Blue Dragon Film Awards: Best Director (Moss)

See also
List of Korean film directors
Cinema of Korea

References

External links

1960 births
South Korean film directors
Living people
Sincheon Kang clan
Best Director Paeksang Arts Award (film) winners
Grand Prize Paeksang Arts Award (Film) winners

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Battle Chasers: Nightwar Coming To Nintendo Switch May 15th
in Articles, Press Releases
THQ Nordic is set to bring their RPG title Battle Chasers: Nightwar to the Nintendo Switch, and today they've announced that this will happen on May 15th.The game was originally a Kickstarter title, and a very successful one at that. Nearly 15,000 people pledge to make it real, and it became real. And now, it's coming to the Switch.
It's come to previous consoles before, and has been praised by critics and fans all over. More and more indie titles are getting announced for Switch, and it's possible that this could do very well because of the passionate indie game community that the system has.
Battle Chasers: Nightwar is an RPG inspired by the classic console greats, featuring deep dungeon diving, turn-based combat presented in a classic JRPG format, and a rich story driven by exploration of the world. It features classic turn-based combat with a unique overcharge mana system and incredible Battle Bursts. Players can explore beautiful, randomly-generated dungeons loaded with traps, puzzles, secrets and loot and an overworld peppered with hidden dungeons, rare bosses and randomly appearing friends and foes. Build your adventuring party by choosing three of six available heroes from the classic Battle Chasers comic series, each with unique abilities, perks, items and dungeon skills.


Sept. 26 — Experience Japanese food and culture at the OC Japan Fair to be held on Sunday, Sept. 26 at the Orange County Great Park Irvine. Highlights include a martial arts performance by Shin Koyamada ("Last Samurai") and an Irvine Edo village which will recreate the foods, crafts and sounds of old Tokyo. Adults: $5; children and seniors $3. Parking is free. For more information, visit www.ocjapanfair.com.


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text:
Q: How can I create a database file with SQLite-net? I am using SQLite-net nuget package in my UWP application. I want to create a local database file to use as such:
var s = new SQLiteConnection("myDbSQLite.db3", SQLiteOpenFlags.Create);

But it throws the error:

Could not open database file:
  C:\Path\MyProject\bin\x86\Debug\AppX\myDbSQLite.db3 (Misuse)

I see in other posts they suggest to use SQLiteConnection.CreateFile("MyDatabase.sqlite"); but I don't see that method?
EDIT
The code
FileStream fs = File.Create(path);

Throws the exception:

UnauthorizedAccessException access to the path is denied

So I think this is a permission issue I am having with UWP. Is there something in the capabilities that I need to set?

A: Check your permissions on the folder, and also try using this for the constructor
_database = new SQLiteAsyncConnection(
     "myDbSQLite.db3",
     SQLiteOpenFlags.Create |
     SQLiteOpenFlags.FullMutex |
     SQLiteOpenFlags.ReadWrite );

A: Because creating a file in UWP must be done with the UWP API, if you're going to use this nuget library, you have to accommodate by creating it yourself first:
// Create the empty file; replace if exists.
Windows.Storage.StorageFolder storageFolder = Windows.Storage.ApplicationData.Current.LocalFolder;
storageFolder.CreateFileAsync("myDbSQLite.db3", Windows.Storage.CreationCollisionOption.ReplaceExisting);

My UWP app is actually part of a Xamarin.Forms app that is using shared code, so if your app is solely UWP there's probably a better library, such as this one that Codexer referred.

A: You should use a folder wher you have write-access to. So please try the following code:
String path = Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.MyDocuments);
string dbFile = Path.Combine( path, "myDbSQLite.db3");
var s = new SQLiteConnection( dbFile, SQLiteOpenFlags.Create);

A: This worked for me:
 var databasePath = Path.Combine(GetLocalFileDirectory(), "MyData.db");

        try
        {
            // Create the empty file; replace if exists.
            db = new SQLiteAsyncConnection(databasePath,
                                         SQLiteOpenFlags.Create |
                                         SQLiteOpenFlags.FullMutex |
                                         SQLiteOpenFlags.ReadWrite);
        }
        catch(Exception ex)
        {
            throw new Exception(ex.Message);
        }

public string GetLocalFileDirectory()
{
    var docFolder = FileSystem.AppDataDirectory
    var libFolder = Path.Combine(docFolder, "Databases");

    if (!Directory.Exists(libFolder))
    {
        Directory.CreateDirectory(libFolder);
    }
    return libFolder;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
« Phoenix 101: Minorities | Main | Greenscam »
Not like Ike
The nut baggers are right. Socialism has come to America. It is here, now. The government owns the "commanding heights" of this economy, as is the case in classic socialist doctrine. Citizens of this American socialism get free medical care, housing, food, clothing, even travel. They have abundant educational opportunities, including college. It promises and actually delivers both diversity and social mobility. It also has elements of fascism, just as the nut baggers have warned in their rallies attended by hundreds: The socialism has a heavy corporate component, with giant companies moving in lockstep with the regime's demands yet also holding strong political sway within the regime. In exchange for its benefits, members of the society give up certain freedoms -- yet they keep joining enthusiastically.
I'm writing about the military, of course, and not just to show the absurdity of the nut baggers' claims. In a nation where six people are chasing every job, where college is increasingly out of reach, the only advanced nation in the world where people go without health insurance -- in today's America, the military is often the only option open. It made news last month when a man who couldn't get insurance joined the Army so his cancer-stricken wife could get help. (When I Googled "joined Army to get health care," the second and third hits out of 53 million were Army recruiting sites). Military recruiters have more than met their targets -- ones raised for the Army -- since the economic meltdown. Even with the danger of war, many Americans just don't see another way.
Elements of this have long happened. There's the classic case of the directionless kid from high school who joins the military -- sometimes under a parent or even judge's threat -- and becomes an adult. I went to high school with young men who joined up, served honorably and succeeded as civilians -- I doubt most of them ever would have chosen the military as a first option. And we honor their service. But the Great Disruption's first act -- the crash and its resulting unemployment, combined with two wars seemingly without end -- is creating something new. New and unsettling.
Twenty years ago the Berlin Wall came down. I'm convinced it ultimately happened because our free society showed its advantages over, and outlasted, the totalitarian regimes of Moscow and its satellites. But all this was backed by unprecedented-in-peacetime American military power, including nuclear weapons (Neil Sheehan's A Fiery Peace in a Cold War, about the general who led the development of the peace-keeping intercontinental ballistic missile is a fine read). Yet, combined with America's emergence with an internationalist commitment after World War II and Britain's retreat, a price was paid. It was the emergence of the national security state, elevated to extreme levels under George W. Bush but begun under Harry Truman. And it created the Military Industrial Complex, which Dwight Eisenhower, the liberator of Europe and no peacenik, considered dangerous. The founding fathers would be aghast.
The U.S. allocates around $660 billion a year for defense, 43 percent of the world's total defense spending in 2007. We pay out 4.6 times more than China, the world's second biggest spender. Ryan Avent imagines what just one year of this money would do if it were spent for 21st century infrastructure here at home:
With that kind of money you could entirely build out a national network of true high-speed rail. One year's worth of defense spending gets you that. Which makes one wonder: where are all the economists, wringing their hands over cost-benefit analyses of these defense expenditures? Does anyone doubt that the net benefit of $100 billion spent on high-speed rail is easily higher than that for the last $100 billion spent on defense?
Alas, there's little lobbying money available to advocates of high-speed rail or transit, while the representatives of Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics et al have a powerful hold on Capitol Hill. And the status quo appears safer than any leaps into what appears to parochial Americans as the unknown. Military hardware, wanted or not by the Pentagon, makes up an increasing part of a deindustrialized nation's productive base and exports. It means jobs in congressional districts. Ironically, the district in upstate New York where the Conservative candidate drove out the moderate Republican (and losing) is most dependent on federal dollars to Fort Drum, whatever the sudden right-wing fear of the deficit. Indeed, conservatives never worried about the red ink when it was going to defense spending. It's only when health care comes up that the "scoring" by the Congressional Budget Office and "paying for itself" becomes paramount.
What can't be asked without having one's patriotism impugned is how long we can sustain this costly and highly distorting commitment? Eisenhower feared the Military Industrial Complex would lead to entanglements such as Vietnam, and now Iraq and Afghanistan. The former five-star general fought the Cold War on the cheap. He knew the way endless war could sap and coarsen a society, how it could undermine a democracy. What would he think now about the strained-to-the-breaking point situation of his beloved Army, much less that it is the only economic ladder up for a growing portion of the population?
China is spending where it will really hurt us: building universities, advanced infrastructure — including high-speed rail — and on research. Its playing currency and protectionist games to build and maintain its productive economy, including striving to become the world leader in energy sustainability. China has its own problems, too, such as a huge poor cohort and a pile of American IOUs. But it seems more focused on a future of competition for economic and educational supremacy, as well as scarce resources, especially energy. China is happy to see America bleed itself weak with foreign military entanglements, while Beijing extends a friendly trading hand around the globe — gaining access to oil and raw materials in the process. We act like the French general staff of old, always preparing for the last war.
Britain suddenly collapsed in the late 1940s, after fighting two world wars, carrying the always-losing cost of empire and seeing the rise of economic competitors that exploited London's advocacy of free trade. The British people, having given so much (nearly 900,000 killed in World War I alone, out of a population of 45 million), demanded such things at home such as national health care. Britain's retreat was sudden and earth changing. Fortunately, America was willing and able to fill the void. Yet Pax Americana was not just made possible by military power, but also by economic dominance in every industry, a strong and secure middle class, a sense of community unbroken by sprawl, a robust government and unions countering the power of the moneyed elites, and great public education. (One especially bittersweet part of the Sheehan book is to read about the scientists who trained at superb free universities in California and New York). America was also an oil power, something not to be underestimated. Now all these advantages have slipped away.
When we have exhausted ourselves from misadventures, bad choices and delusions, no benign ally will step up. The aftermath will be messy, not the least at home.
Posted at 04:07 PM in Politics: National | Permalink
Military spending is stimulus spending. The sheer excess of military bases and weapon contracts was part of a bargain that kept us near full employment without ruffling the feathers of deficit hawks.
Health care, HSR, education and other infrastructure can be portrayed as "socialist", however, since this spending doesn't wave a bloody flag. America's hyperpatriots gladly accept government spending on condition that it intertwines their paranoia and tribalism.
Our American Way of Life is so couched in irrationalism and fantasy that a sane debate about our priorities is impossible. We'll scour the planet for fresh enemies to fear and combat in order to justify the spending. If they disappoint us in their flaccid malevolence, there are always the enemies at home: the cosmopolites, minorities, and socialists who undermine "real Americans".
Patriotism that commands the hatred of half our citizens is a strange thing but even that cannot be questioned. To do so is itself a sign of moral weakness and liberalism. Patriotism is muscular and ever-vigilant. To doubt it is to betray it.
Posted by: soleri | November 09, 2009 at 05:17 PM
"Our country is not the only thing to which we owe our allegiance. It is also owed to justice and to humanity. Patriotism consists not in waving the flag, but in striving that our country shall be righteous as well as strong."
-- James Bryce
"Heroism on command, senseless violence, and the loathsome nonsense that goes by the name of patriotism - how passionately I hate them!"
Posted by: ChrisInDenver | November 09, 2009 at 08:40 PM
Along a parallel track, another organization that is attracting record numbers of applicants, at least here in Arizona, are the police forces of various localities. They are organized by strong unions that give their members good pay and benefits. (More "socialism".) And similarly, the profession is an unpleasant, stressful, and sometimes dangerous one.
One difference is that the excess of recruits allows the police to (theoretically) take the pick of the crop, whereas the military is more like a government work program which virtually guarantees anyone without a serious criminal history (and even sometimes with one, given recent manpower shortages) an income with benefits.
It just happens to be a government work program that sends you to third world nations that don't threaten our national security, to get your legs blown off, instead of sending you out to clean up communities (trash, graffiti), build affordable housing, cut fire breaks in forest areas which haven't been properly managed because of the lack of funding and manpower, and countless other quiet but necessary works that would concretely improve quality of life and society at large.
Posted by: Emil Pulsifer | November 10, 2009 at 06:57 PM
President Obama had been scheduled to leave for his overseas trip tomorrow November 11th) but apparently it has been postponed a day. Not that I am expecting any, but from the standpoint of conspiring parties (within the government itself, I hasten to add) that would be a fine time for mischief.


Gnostic Motor Corporation AB is a Swedish start-up company that has developed a new type of diesel engine. Their engine substantially reduces, or even eliminates, the emission of NOx gases – the biggest environmental problem with today's diesel engines.
On behalf of Gnostic, Groth & Co have filed and prosecuted patent applications in 35 countries. We have submitted applications via the international PCT system as well as nationally in some countries. Among other things, this means that we have administrated the world's first PCT filing in Kuwait.
The series of applications in 35 countries required skilful administration on our part. One reason being that we had limited time. But mainly because several of the countries have complex legal formalities, and there was a need for coordination of a large number of local actors; translators, patent offices, patent attorneys and lawyers as well as embassies.
Our European Patent Attorney Claes Westerlund has a Ph.D. degree in combustion engine technology. He has also worked as a development engineer at Scania, where he developed optimized steering systems for heavy diesel engines. With this very deep technical knowledge, Claes has very relevant skills for clients working with engine technology.
Our paralegal Lisa Rohan has many years of experience in complex global patent filings as well as coordination between local agents, inventors and patent offices.
Since this engine can replace all types of diesel engines, in all types of vehicles and machinery, there is great potential for this innovation. Through our work, Gnostic will soon have a patent family protecting the core of their innovation, with coverage in 35 countries.
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"The technology is intended to be licensed, so the drafting of the patent applications as well as the selection of countries are optimized for this purpose."


text:
Kamenka (în ) este un sat în comuna Krumovgrad, regiunea Kărdjali,  Bulgaria.

Demografie

La recensământul din 2011, populația satului Kamenka era de  locuitori. Nu există o etnie majoritară, locuitorii fiind  și turci (%). Pentru % din locuitori nu este cunoscută apartenența etnică.

Note

Sate din regiunea Kărdjali


text:
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons CC0 License

---

# Dumping MASL project only produces prj file
### xtUML Project Implementation Note

### 1. Abstract

This note describes the fix for a user-reported issue with MASL-export.

### 2. Document References

2.1 [BridgePoint DEI #9932](https://support.onefact.net/issues/9932) Headline issue.
2.2 [BridgePoint DEI #9612](https://support.onefact.net/issues/9612) Headline SR.

### 3. Background

A user reports:
```
When I dump a MASL project from inside the tool it only dumps out the ".prj" file
and it does not dump of any of the masl terminator service files.

This is different behavior from what is observed in the round trip.

Does the round-trip use a different method for dumping out?
```

Furthermore, the user reports that the issue happens when the MASL project is
imported via the BridgePoint command-line import tool.  However, performing project
import via the GUI and then exporting the MASL project produces the desired `.tr` files.

### 4. Requirements

4.1 `Export MASL Project` shall produce `.tr` files for port activities.

### 5. Analysis

5.1  The first step of investigation was to open the workspace created during the MASL
round trip process of SAC & SAC_PROC.
5.1.1  We note that the component reference that should be assigned to the SAC domain is
not assigned.  The other two component references (INI and SOA) are unassigned too, but this
is expected since they do not exist.
5.1.2  Obviously, if the SAC component reference is unassigned then there are no connected ports
between the project and domain and thus no way any terminator service action language would exist
or be output via the export process.

5.2  The author used a modified version of the "BridgePoint CLI Import (OSX)" launch
configuration to do a `SAC_PROC` project import into an existing workspace that already
had a `SAC` domain imported.  The modified program agruments for the launch are:
```
-os ${target.os} -ws ${target.ws} -arch ${target.arch} -nl ${target.nl} -consoleLog
-pluginCustomization ${workspace_loc}/org.xtuml.bp.pkg/plugin_customization.ini
-file /Users/kbrown/tmp/SAC_PROC/SAC_PROC.xtuml -targetProject p1 -deleteExisting -allowIPRs
```

5.2.1  This allowed the author to set breakpoints and perform inspection of the model data
at various points in the import process.
5.2.1.1  We uncovered the fact that during the import the SAC domain is found and the component
reference is assigned properly.
5.2.1.2  However, upon exit and re-open of the workspace the Component Reference is no longer
assigned to the SAC domain.
5.2.1.3  This meant that the in-memory model data was being set up as expected but the changes
were not being persisted.

5.3  The `masl_round_trip` tool uses the BridgePoint CLI "Launch" mode which avoids starting up
and shutting down many instances of eclipse and instead starts a single instance which can
perform many actions.  This is the reason `masl_round_trip` was succeeding, because it was running
the pre-build step on the correct in-memory data.

### 6. Work Required

6.1  `ImportHelper.resolveMASLProject()`
6.1.1  At the beginning of this function, the flow starts a transaction by calling
`TransactionManager.startTransactionsOnSelectedModelRoots(...)`.  As the function name suggests, the
transaction uses model roots that are part of the selection.  Via step debugging, we see that in the
current flow there are no model elements in the selection, thus, no transaction is created.  The code is
modified to add the `SystemModel_c` instance to the selection before making the call so that a transaction
is created.

6.2  Change the CLI `ImportExecutor` to call `<SystemModel_c>.persistSelfAndChildren()` after the
project or file is imported.  This will force persist the in-memory data before the application exits.

### 7. Implementation Comments

7.1  During the CLI application shutdown process eclipse may throw exceptions like:
```
org.eclipse.e4.core.di.InjectionException: org.eclipse.swt.SWTException: Invalid thread access
```
We researched a solution for this issue but turned up nothing.  We also attempted to catch and hide
the error, but again without success.  The problem is happening in eclipse code that is outside of BridgePoint
control.  We are calling the proper function `IWorkbench.close()` to exit the application.  No solution
to making this error go away was found.

7.2  Removed obsolete and unused function `migrateSLDTs` from `ImportHelper.java`.  The function
has no implementation and is not called from anywhere.

7.3  It is not clear why the resolution and assignment of component references inside the (now properly
constructed) transaction in `ImportHelper` does not cause a persist of the in-memory data to occur. It could
be that there is a race condition between persistence launched by a listener and the application shutdown
is happening.  Whatever the cause, it is clear that making sure the CLI Import persists everything before
shutting down by making a direct invocation is a clear fix for this issue.

### 8. Unit Test

8.1 Run the full `masl_round_trip` suite and verify success.
* cd ~/git/models/masl/test
* edit `regression_test` to point at the correct BridgePoint installation on the `BPINSTALL=...` line
* ./regression_test -o /tmp/regout < all_tests
* __R__ The file diffs should all show 0

8.2 Run `masl_round_trip` on SAC_OOA and SAC_PROC and verify the `.tr` files are output for SAC_PROC.
* cd ~/git/models/masl/test
* create a new file `sac_test` that only contains the text `../SAC/SAC_OOA ../SAC/SAC_PROC`
* ./regression_test -o /tmp/regout < sac_test
* __R__ The MASLFormatter may throw errors, but there are `.tr` files under /tmp/regout/1/SAC_PROC

8.3 Verify UI export
* Open the `/tmp/importwork` workspace created previously in 8.2
* Open the p1 project in Navigator and delete the `masl/` folder if it exists
* In Model Explorer, expand p1/SAC_PROC and note that one component reference is assigned to SAC
* Run `Export MASL Project`
* __R__ Verify `.tr` files are created under the `SAC_PROC/masl/` tree

### 9. User Documentation

None.

### 10. Code Changes

Fork/Repository: keithbrown/bridgepoint
Branch: 9932_masl_prj_export

doc-bridgepoint/notes/9932_prj_export_int.md
src/org.xtuml.bp.cli/src/org/xtuml/bp/cli/BPCLIWorkbenchAdvisor.java
src/org.xtuml.bp.cli/src/org/xtuml/bp/cli/ImportExecutor.java
src/org.xtuml.bp.io.core/src/org/xtuml/bp/io/core/ImportHelper.java

### End

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


At Unicorn for Writers we have combined the services of Copyeditor and Proofreader in order to assist you with your book.
Creativity and critical thinking are involved in copyediting and proofreading your book. We'll help you get it into the best condition prior to your submitting it to an agent, editor, or book publisher. If you should decide to self-publish your work, you'll want it to be in the best possible form.


text:
"""
Django settings for test_project project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 3.1.2.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/
"""

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = 'django.db.models.AutoField'
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django_mail_viewer.backends.database.EmailBackend'
# EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django_mail_viewer.backends.cache.EmailBackend'
# CACHES = {
#     'default': {
#         'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.filebased.FileBasedCache',
#         'LOCATION': '/tmp/django_cache',
#     }
# }

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent

# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = 'kgt+q&n@9=r+^c!0u3n%6v9b$c#f+(=hxpvarg8+q4^3fdz*(^'

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

ALLOWED_HOSTS = []

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'django.contrib.admin',
    'django.contrib.auth',
    'django.contrib.contenttypes',
    'django.contrib.sessions',
    'django.contrib.messages',
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    'django_mail_viewer',
    'django_mail_viewer.backends.database.apps.DatabaseBackendConfig',
    'test_project',
]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
    'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
    'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
]

ROOT_URLCONF = 'test_project.urls'

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates',
        'DIRS': [],
        'APP_DIRS': True,
        'OPTIONS': {
            'context_processors': [
                'django.template.context_processors.debug',
                'django.template.context_processors.request',
                'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
                'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = 'test_project.wsgi.application'

# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {'default': {'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.sqlite3', 'NAME': BASE_DIR / 'db.sqlite3',}}

# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator',},
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator',},
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator',},
    {'NAME': 'django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator',},
]

# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en-us'

TIME_ZONE = 'UTC'

USE_I18N = True

USE_L10N = True

USE_TZ = True

# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.1/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = '/static/'


I feel really really angry at the surgeon in France who did the original operation and did it so badly.
They failed to pick up the muscle detachment and also made a complete pigs ear of the repair to my Achilles.
I'm facing having my Achilles cut in half and reattached properly so it's not overlapping each end as it is now plus the muscle reattchment at the bottom of my femur.
And then I'm facing a long spell in plaster and then months of rehab.
Really angry and really down hearted.


On Wednesday, June 1, 2016, the Company will present at the 2016 RBC Capital Markets Consumer and Retail Conference at the Four Seasons Hotel in Boston, Mass. The presentation will begin at 2:40 p.m. Eastern Time.
On Tuesday, June 7, 2016, the Company will present at the Stephens Spring Investment Conference at The Lotte New York Palace Hotel in New York, N.Y. The presentation will begin at 9:00 a.m. Eastern Time.
On Thursday, June 9, 2016, the Company will present at the Barclays High Yield Bond and Syndicated Loan Conference at The Broadmoor in Colorado Springs, Colo. The presentation will begin at 11:30 a.m. Eastern Time.
On Tuesday, June 14, 2016, the Company will present at the 36th Annual Piper Jaffray Consumer Conference at The Lotte New York Palace Hotel in New York, N.Y. The presentation will begin at 1:10 p.m. Eastern Time.


LAS VEGAS (AP) -- Matt Kenseth won on his 41st birthday for his new Joe Gibbs Racing team, barely holding off Kasey Kahne for his third victory at Las Vegas Motor Speedway on Sunday.
LAS VEGAS (AP) — Matt Kenseth won on his 41st birthday for his new Joe Gibbs Racing team, barely holding off Kasey Kahne for his third victory at Las Vegas Motor Speedway on Sunday.
Kenseth earned his 25th career victory in just his third start in the JGR Toyota after leaving Roush Fenway Racing in the offseason. He took the lead away from Kahne out of a late restart and fended off Kahne's Chevrolet over the final laps, adding another trophy to his Las Vegas victories in 2003 and 2004.
Pole sitter Brad Keselowski finished third, with hometown driver Kyle Busch in fourth and Carl Edwards fifth. Jimmie Johnson, the overall points leader, was sixth and Dale Earnhardt Jr. seventh.
Defending Vegas champion Tony Stewart finished 11th, while Denny Hamlin was 15th.
Kenseth is just the third NASCAR driver to win on his birthday, joining Cale Yarborough — who did it twice — and Busch. His win was the 50th for Toyota in Sprint Cup Series competition.
Kenseth has won at least one race in 11 of his 14 full seasons in the Sprint Cup series, but the first 13 were all in Fords with Roush Fenway, the team that gave him his break in NASCAR and fostered his development into a likely Hall of Famer. Kenseth's decision to leave for a seat on Gibbs' team was an open secret for much of last season, although the veteran star never really explained his move.
The 400-mile race was the first real test for NASCAR's new Gen-6 car on the intermediate tracks they're built to race. Although Hamlin commanded the week's headlines when his pessimism about the car drew a stiff $25,000 fine from NASCAR, most drivers were curious how the Gen-6 would work in its ideal 1.5-mile environment.
Any drivers who still think it's too tough to pass in the new car must not have been watching Busch, who made two lengthy charges up to early leads, doing it both before and after a pit-row speeding penalty dropped him back to 18th.
Busch charged through the field with impressive ease and took the lead out of a restart with a daredevil move on the apron with 102 laps to go. He went three wide and got underneath Kahne while kicking up dust well below the white line.
"I had an unbelievable car throughout the whole race," Kahne said. "We just came out, I think, sixth (out of the pit). Tough to say we would have got by him anyway.
The Gen-6 is still a work in progress, however. Several drivers reported various problems with their cars early on, with Clint Bowyer and Stewart both dropping far back in the opening laps. After three days of chilly weather in the desert, warmer temperatures Sunday changed the track's feel, and teams struggled to adjust to the slickness.


text:
Guided meditation for vision acuity training on adolescent myopia: study protocol for an open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial
Yibo Li1 na1,
Lili Zhu1 na1,
Raoying Wang1,
Xingyue Yang1,
Xinqi Jiang1 &
Tao Lu ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-8247-83871
Currently, the population with myopia climbs steadily, and is developing toward younger age, posing a great concern to the health of adolescents. Myopia in severe cases can cause irreversible consequences such as glaucoma, blindness, and other complications. At present, the solutions for myopia are glasses, medication, and surgery. This study aims to investigate the role of a physiotherapy category based on guided meditation for vision acuity training on adolescent myopia.
This is a prospective, randomized, multicenter clinical trial. One thousand one hundred forty primary and secondary school students aged 8–18 years old from 27 schools will be recruited and randomly divided into an experimental and a control group at a ratio of 2:1 in two phases, with a training period of 30 days in each phase and a follow-up period of 3 months. No interventions will be conducted during the follow-up period, nor will other interventions employed. Inclusion criteria will meet the diagnostic criteria for simple myopia and −6.00D ≤ spherical lenses ≤ −0.50D and cylindrical lenses ≤1.50D. The primary observation index will be to compare the statistical differences in distant visual acuity between the two groups; the secondary observation indexes will be ocular symptoms (mainly including eye fatigue, dryness, pain, double vision, neck pain, thought disorders, and lags in response), diopter, and astigmatism.
The purpose of this two-phase trial is to compare the clinical effectiveness of focused vision-guided meditation with Chinese eye exercises that are also non-pharmacological, non-invasive interventions for myopia, and to maximize the benefit to the subjects. The results will indicate whether the training based on focused vision-guided meditation has the ability to improve distant visual acuity, relieve ocular symptoms, and ameliorate diopter. In addition, this trial will provide clinical efficacy of the training, which is expected to provide meaningful data for vision rehabilitation. At the same time, the vision acuity training method, which is permeated with the concept of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) rehabilitation and health maintenance, will be applied to achieve the goal of preventing or alleviating myopic development and reducing myopia rate.
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2000038642. Registered on 26 September 2020
Myopia, also known as short-sightedness or near-sightedness, is a common vision condition in which you can see objects clearly when near to your eye, but obscure when farther away. It occurs when your eyeball is unable to focus precisely, forming images in front instead of right on your retina, resulting in a blurry appearance for distant objects. It is a very common condition that typically starts in childhood. And certain risk factors may increase the likelihood of developing nearsightedness, such as genetics and environmental conditions.
The prevalence of myopia is increasing yearly and has become one of the most serious public health problems worldwide [1]. It is expected that by 2050, 50% of the world's population will be affected by myopia [2]. The increase in the myopic population is accompanied by an earlier age of onset, usually occurring between 6 and 8 years old, growing rapidly between 13 and 16 years of age, and stabilizing after 16 years old [3]. In countries of East and Southeast Asia, approximately 80 to 90% of urban adolescents have myopia by the time they graduate from high school [1], and China has the second highest number of adolescents with myopia in the world with more than 450 million [4].
Myopia can be divided into simple myopia and pathological myopia. The most common one in adolescents is the simple myopia, which is induced by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, and is related to the weakening of visual regulation caused by spasm of the extraocular and ciliary muscles, which will gradually lead to the growth of the eye axis if it is not restored in time. Therefore, the functions of the extraocular and ciliary muscles are crucial for maintaining good vision [5]. If not corrected in time, myopia will lead to serious and irreversible complications such as retinal detachment, macular degeneration, glaucoma, and blindness [6]. Strengthening vision protection for adolescents has become an urgent issue that needs to be addressed.
Currently, optical correction by glasses is the main intervention method for simple myopia, but it cannot improve the visual acuity of the naked eye. Drugs such as atropine can improve visual acuity, but once the drug is discontinued, the vision problem will rebound or cause even worsen myopia, along with some side effects such as photophobia, blurred vision, and allergic conjunctivitis [7]. Laser surgery may be complicated by other eye diseases, such as near vision impairment and dry eye, and has age restrictions [8, 9].
Vision acuity training refers to the use of optical, psychological, physical, and other methods to produce a certain cognitive load on the visual system of the eyes (including regulation, convergence, eye movements, and the associated movements between them), in a bid to improve the visual function and visual comfort of the visual system and achieve the goal of improving and repairing visual abnormalities in both eyes. It is considered as a purely physical, non-invasive, non-drug therapy with no side effects to relieve eye fatigue and improve vision, with a long history. The earliest and most widely known is the Bates Vision Acuity Training Method, including eye sunbathing, palm massage, rope games, ruler games, pencil games, etc. But due to the complexity of its training, long cycles, etc., it has not been widely promoted. At present, the common vision training mainly relieves the ciliary muscle tension by repeatedly focusing on the distant visual target, looking at the distance and movement of the image to adjust the function of the extraocular muscles, and through the different light color changes to stimulate the visual cortex, as ways to improve vision and restore to a good visual system.
Defined as a form of training to improve concentration and mood, meditation involves a range of practices such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, tai chi, and qigong [10]. Meditation is however not limited to sitting still; one can be in a meditative state while walking, standing, sitting, lying, or even working [11]. A recent article in the New England Journal of Medicine highly valued the contemporary value of meditation as "embarking on a new era in psychosomatic medicine" [12]. In recent years, meditation has attracted widespread attention and in-depth research across the world, mainly focusing on psychological diseases [13, 14], pain [15], sleep disorders [16], chronic disease rehabilitation [17, 18], and other fields. However, due to the long intervention period, complex indicators, and difficulty in objective quantification, it is difficult to fully reflect the effects of meditation.
The training based on guided meditation for vision acuity belongs to a kind of regulation training method in the scope of physiotherapy, which mainly uses audio and video guidance to instruct myopia patients to focus on breathing, associate images, enter a meditation-like state, and specialize the current practice. Meanwhile, the patients could exercise the extraocular and ciliary muscles by incorporating simple actions such as hand-eye coordination with the stimulation of meridian points. In doing so, visual function and comfort can be improved. As this training method is simple and has a short period, it is welcomed by youngsters, and the indicators for evaluating vision acuity are simple, so it is easy to quantify the effect objectively.
Therefore, we will conduct a multicenter, randomized controlled study based on guided meditation for vision training. It is hoped that this study, from the perspective of psychosomatic medicine, can stimulate the self-healing ability in adolescent students under the guidance of external physical operations.
Methods/design
This trial is designed in accordance with the "Ethical Review of Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects" issued by the Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China. The implementation of this project has been reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine (BUCM) for Taolu (4 June 2020, approval number: 2020 BZYLL0306); Dr. Yaoxian Wang, the vice president of BUCM, is the authorized representative under subtitle ethics approval and consent (Ethical Approval Document-Chinese version and Ethical Approval Document-English version). Written informed consent will be obtained from each subject and his/her guardians.
This study will be a prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial. The included subjects (n = 1140) will be randomly assigned to the experimental (n = 760) and control (n = 380) groups in a 2:1 ratio. The aim of this study is to objectively evaluate the clinical efficacy of the guided meditation of vision training for adolescent myopia. This report will be compiled according to the SPIRIT (Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials) 2013 Statement "Defining Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials" (Fig. 1 and Table 1).
Table 1 General procedure and monitoring process
In this trial, 1140 primary and secondary school students with simple myopia will be recruited from 27 schools in Sichuan and Hunan provinces or other cities with relatively uniform schooling conditions. School factors will be taken into consideration. We will choose participates from different areas with similar teaching level as the subjects. In the meanwhile, a comparison of the experimental group and the control group is launched within the same school in order to reduce the variance.
The main points for the diagnosis of simple myopia in China's "Myopia Prevention and Treatment Guidelines" [19] will be used as a reference standard for recruitment: near visual acuity is normal; distance visual acuity is less than 1.0 (5.0 by the mucosal method); there are no pathological changes in the fundus; the progression is slow; vision can be corrected to normal with appropriate lenses, while other visual function indicators are mostly normal; and the subject recruited meet the quantitative criteria for myopia according to the "White Paper on Myopia Prevention and Control" of the International Myopia Institute (IMI) [20]: myopia diopter ≤ −0.50D.
≥8 years old and ≤ 18 years old
Meeting the diagnostic criteria for simple myopia, with −6.00 D ≤ refractive state ≤ −0.50 D, astigmatism ≤1.50 D, and having a normal vision after optically corrected
Able to cooperate to complete the study
The subjects and their guardians must both voluntarily sign an informed consent form
Those who have comorbidities or complications of other eye diseases, such as glaucoma, amblyopia, eye infections, etc.
Those who have comorbidities of very severe heart, brain, liver, kidneys, hematopoietic system diseases and neuropsychiatric diseases, or systemic diseases that may affect the progression of myopia
Those who have had eye surgery or a history of eye trauma
Those who have comorbidities of hearing abnormalities
Those who are unable to cooperate with the study for personal or family reasons
Those who refuse to sign an informed consent form by himself/herself or any of his/her guardians
Withdrawal criteria
Subjects have the right to withdraw from the study, as defined in the informed consent document, or to "drop out" if they do not explicitly withdraw from the study but are no longer undergoing training and testing. The reason for withdrawal should be understood as far as possible and recorded, for example, (1) perceiving lack of efficacy, (2) intolerance of certain adverse effects, (3) inability to continue the clinical study, and (4) or lost to follow-up without explanation. Case record forms for withdrawn subjects will be kept, and the results of the last trial will be considered final. The data on the clinical efficacy and adverse effects of the focused vision-guided meditation training will be fully analyzed.
Suspension criteria
The investigator will decide to terminate the study of a subject who has been enrolled in the study if the subject is unfit to proceed the study. For example, (1) the subject develops certain comorbidities and complications under study; (2) the subject is unfit to continue the study due to unexpected events or specific physio-pathological changes during the study. (3) The subject meets the criteria for cure in less than 30 days; the study may be discontinued early if the subject so desires.
Excluded cases
Those who with any of the following should be excluded:
Subjects with incomplete case information that affects the analysis of the trial results. For subjects, who missed 4 or more days in the first 7 days of treatment, or participated in daily training for less than 14 days. Patients with lost contact were followed up without corresponding prediction and correlation analysis. For research, more than half of the cases in which data was lost due to machine failure or forgetting to record.
Subjects with poor compliance during the trial due to subjective or objective factors of their own or family members. Who shows obvious resistance, fall asleep, or play during training and continue to do so after being reminded by the researchers.
Subjects who use other interventions for myopia outside the protocol: drug therapy, acupuncture, orthokeratology, etc.
The random sequence will be designed and processed by the research team of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. SPSS 20.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) software will be used to generate serial numbers for the subjects. Multiple factors that affect this trial will be taken into consideration. Participants from different areas with similar school level will be stratified. A stratified randomizing method will also be adopted according to region, age, gender, etc. Similar stratified groups will be compared; the experimental and the control groups are launched within the same school.
As this study will cover 27 schools, a multicenter trial, stratified randomization will be adopted. Firstly, 27 schools will be allotted east, west, north, south, and middle regions of China. Secondly, schools in each district will be divided into 3 layers according to age. Children aged 8–11 years, 12–14 years, and 15–18 years, severally. This method will minimize errors and improve accuracy.
Allocation concealment
The randomization lists will be kept in opaque envelopes by the non-investigator on the team which are ordered, identical, and sealed with adhesive.
The participants will be consecutively enrolled and distributed into experimental and control groups by researchers according to the randomized sequences generated who will not participate in assessing outcomes. Another group of researchers responsible for analyzing results will be blind to the grouping of subjects and will not participate in the treatment. The executors of this trial and subjects will not be blinded to the treatment assignment.
Explanation for the choice of comparators
The choice of the comparator is based on the current treatment of myopia in clinical.
Intervention description
The vision acuity training of this study is conducted in the schools, and school leaders are fully aware of this project, support, and cooperate with the research work. Relevant teachers will be designated by the schools to be responsible for this project with respect to the specific matters concerned. The study will be conducted in two phases over a period of 8 months, with a training period of 30 days in each phase and a follow-up of 3 months. No interventions will be conducted during the treatment period and follow-up period. One visual acuity examination will be performed in each of the two phases at months 1, 2, and 3 of the follow-up.
Experimental group
Two sets of vision acuity training movement verbal commands will be applied in the experimental group. In order to facilitate the subjects to follow the verbal commands in a uniform, standardized way, the related audio and standard movements will be recorded.
The first set of audio and video content are relatively rich, lasting about 1 h, and the audio and video will be projected in the classroom on the first and eighth days of training, with the subjects following the verbal commands and the movement demonstrations in the video. Visual training tutors (trained in procedures and methods) will be responsible for audio and video presentations.
The second set of audio and video content are relatively concise, approximately 15–20 min in length, and the subjects will be trained under the schools' uniform deployment for the remaining 28 days.
Due to the uninterrupted daily vision acuity training for 30 days, it is recommended to use the last self-study class at the schools to ensure that the students' normal studies are not interrupted; students will still be required to come to get trained at their school or a designated location confirmed with the schools on Saturday.
First training
The first set of audio and video training exercises will be projected in the classroom by the vision acuity training tutor, and the students will be guided by the audio-visual movements and verbal commands to perform the following exercises.
Abdominal breathing: Inhale through the nose, exhale through the mouth, bulge abdomen while inhaling, tighten abdomen while exhaling; start doing abdominal breathing when hearing the words of "adjust your breath and inhale."
Eye-warning exercise: Rub your hands more than 30 times, cover your eyes with the palms, place thumbs on the temples, clasp four fingers on your forehead, and leverage the temperature of your palms to warm eyes; after the temperature gradually dissipates, use Yuji acupoints of the palms to gently press your eyes 5 times, with moderate intensity; start eye-warning exercise when you hear the words "get ready to press" and "quickly rub your hands" during training.
Healthy vision exercise: Press both hand palms on your ears, place fingers on the back of your head; do not move the palms, and use fingers to gently tap the back of your head. During the training, when you hear "healthy vision exercise," start doing it.
Activate Shixuan acupuncture point: Tap your fingers on your palm, shake your palm, and make an arrow shape.
Play the "1-Audio," turn off the lights in the classroom, close the curtains, and try to create a dark environment. Remain quiet the entire time. Close your eyes until the audio says to open them. Follow the audio to imagine and do movements, e.g., "Use the fingertips of one hand to gently touch the center of the palm of the other, and then shake your hand vigorously."
Play the "C-video," a video about lotus flowers to stimulate the imagination and match the 2-Audio with the images that appear in the video. For example, "On a calm lake, you can definitely see the vivid color of the lotus flowers and the greenish-blue leaves of the lotus ......."
Demonstration and correction. Make a hollow bowl shape with your hands (thumbs on the second knuckle of your index finger) and clasp them over your eyes, with palms facing your eyes.
Play "2-Audio" and do the eye stretches: Close your eyes and move them from front to back as if a train is moving back and forth in a tunnel.
Play "3-Audio" and listen to the audio with your hands in a hollow bowl shape over your eyes the whole time. When the audio says "in," put pressure on your eyes for 1 s, and when it says "out," relax your eyes and perform the related imagery and actions. When the audio says "pull" in future exercises, let your eyes enter a state just like going into a tunnel, hold for 1 s, and then relax.
Play "D-Video (Ball of Light)" to stimulate imagination and introduce natural light.
Play "4-Audio" to build up the confidence of myopia sufferers to restore their eyesight.
The above training will be repeated on the 8th day to intensify the effect, for 1 h.
Daily vision acuity training
Guided by the second set of audio and video movement verbal commands, the subjects perform self-rehabilitation exercises.
Ocular exercises: keep body and head still, torso upright, move only eyes, four 8-tempos per part.
In the first part, both eyes look up and down to the left. In the second part, both eyes look up and down to the right. In the third part, both eyes look to the left to the right. In the fourth part, both eyes turn clockwise. In the fifth part, turn both eyes counterclockwise. In the sixth part, close your eyes hard and then open them to look up. In the seventh part, close your eyes for a moment to control the time.
Eye-warming exercises: same movements as before, 12 movements per day
Vision acuity exercise: same movements as before, 24 movements per day
Character card stretching: 10 min of training, with results recorded on an observation chart. Character cards (Chinese characters of different sizes) are placed on a well-lit wall at the subject';s eye level. Find the farthest place where you can see the card clearly, that is, about 10–15 cm back where you cannot see the card clearly. Let your eyes stretch 6 times for 1.5 s each (eye movement, stretching backwards), without blinking, stare at the characters for 10 s, step back 15 cm, and repeat the above movements until you are unable to see the location of the character card after stretching. If the training time is less than 10 min, switch to a second character and repeat the above steps; if it has reached 10 min, end the exercise and take notes.
Control group
The control group will be given Chinese eye exercises in the first stage of the trial. On the first day and the eighth day of the trial, the school teachers who have received training in Chinese eye exercises will give instructions on finding the positions of acupoints, massage intensity, direction, and frequency according to the standard Chinese eye exercises Assessment Form to ensure that the students can perform the eye exercises independently and with high quality. For the remaining 28 days, subjects will be in a uniform classroom for 15–20 min of daily Chinese eye exercises, acupoints: Jingming, Zanzhu, Yuyao, Tongziliao, Sizhukong, Taiyang, Chengqi, and Sibai.
After the completion of the first phase of the randomized controlled study, data will be collected and compared between the vision acuity training group and the Chinese eye exercise group.
The second phase will be carried out based on the experimental results of the first phase. If the first phase showed that the visual training effect was not significantly better than eye exercises, the trial was terminated. If the data proved that the effect of the meditation group was not superior to the control group, and the results were statistically significant, the second phase of the experiment will be carried out.
Since the purpose of this study is to improve the naked eye visual acuity that affects life and work, the experimental group has achieved this effect in the first stage. In order to ensure the maximum benefit of the subjects, only the control group and the experimental group of the first stage were given the same treatment plan in the second stage, namely guided meditation for vision acuity training. The results of phase 2 subjects (the control group at phase 1) were compared with the results of eye exercises at phase 1.
The subjects in this study are adolescent students with simple myopia and no other comorbidities of chronic diseases. If the subjects need to combine medication due to cold or other reasons, they should be recorded promptly.
Basic information collection
Information will be collected from the subjects before the start and after the trial is completed, and the main information is as follows.
Basic information: age, nation, grade, height, weight, family history of myopia, parents' high myopia, etc.
Myopia: duration of myopia, possible causes of myopia, naked eye visual acuity, corrected visual acuity, diopter of both eyes, astigmatism, and so on
Time allocation for daily activities: including close-range activities (< 50 cm): such as drawing, homework, reading, and using electronic screen terminals such as mobile phones; outdoor activities: including playing outdoors, cycling, hiking, etc.
Primary observation indexes
Visual acuity training aims to improve naked eye visual acuity, which affects life and work and will be used as the main observation index. Visual acuity tests were performed before and after each training session for the first 7 days, once a week after 7 days of training and at the first, second, and third months of follow-up, respectively.
The specification for visual acuity testing is based on the "Expert Consensus on Workflow of Myopia Screening in Children and Adolescents (2019)" [21]. The international standard logarithmic visual acuity chart is adopted. During the measurement, the subjects stand 5 m away from the visual acuity chart and cover the contralateral eyes without squinting and oppression. The covered eyes are examined first in the right eye and then in the left eye. If the inspector can identify half or more of the visual markers, check them line by line from top to bottom and ask the subjects to say or gesture the direction of the gap of the visual markers within 5 s. The last line of the visual markers that is correct will be the testee's vision of that eye. For example, if row 4.8 cannot be identified, check upward until half or more of the rows can be identified.
Secondary observation indexes
Ocular symptoms, diopter, and astigmatism are secondary indexes. Ocular symptoms will be evaluated before and after 30 days of training, respectively. Diopter will be obtained from the subjects after testing at the same hospital before and after the training.
Ocular symptoms
Ocular symptom scores are developed based on the "Visual Fatigue Test and Evaluation Method (VFTEM)" and principally cover eye fatigue, dryness, pain, visual double vision, neck pain, thought disorders, and lags in response.
Collective Insufficient Symptoms Survey (CISS): the CISS is a valid tool in quantifying near visual acuity symptoms in adolescents [22] and consists of 15 items, each with five options of varying degrees, scored as follows: never (0), rarely (1), sometimes (2), often (3), and always (4). The sum of the 15 items' scores (ranging from 0 to 60) is the total score.
All of the above information and scales need to be completed with the help of the subject student's parents and professional staff.
Diopter and astigmatism
The diopter (after pupil dilation by tropicamide) and astigmatism will be obtained from the students after examination at a local first-tier public hospital or public eye hospital accompanied by their family members, and the data will be recorded in the entry of 'Information Collection - Visual Acuity."
Categorical variables, such as gender, age, etc., will be compared between groups. In particular, the effects of age on visual acuity will be stratified to reduce the variation.
Data entry and statistical analysis
A paper version of the case report form will be developed for data collection. The data will be collected using standardized entry terms and structured registration contents as much as possible, which will facilitate post-processing and analysis of the data and minimize the burden on the researcher. According to the original observation records of the subjects, the data manager will load the data into the case report form in a timely, complete, correct, and clear manner. When amending a case, the original record should be clearly visible, and corrections should be signed and dated by the investigator.
Data entry and storage
The paper-based data should be entered by a dedicated data manager using a dual-track entry to reduce the error rate, and any problems or unexpected matters found in the entry process should be registered and reported promptly so that problems can be dealt with quickly. Observation forms should be subject to random inspections at the end of data entry to understand the quality of the entry and to analyze and address any problems. Once data entry is completed, all original case report information should be kept. The original case report forms, after completion of data entry and verification as required, should be filed in a numbered order, and a dedicated person should be assigned to manage the files and complete the search directory, etc. Also, the entered data should be backed up regularly to prevent loss of data and other unexpected occurrences. Particular attention should be paid to the security of data storage and the protection of the privacy of the subjects and related personnel. All research documents will be stored in special filing cabinets that are locked to ensure the security of the stored documents. In any case, only authorized staff will have access to the data.
The sample size will be estimated based on our early observations [23]. The treatment group was 4.98 ± 0.14, and the control group was 4.92 ± 0.24. Under 20% dropout rate, with the two-tailed α = 0.05 and β = 0.1 (test efficacy of 0.9), experimental group: control group = 2:1, PASS 15.0 software calculation shows 380 in the experimental group and 190 in the control group. Due to the possible center effect, the final sample size is suggested to be twice expanded. Thus, it is finally confirmed there will be 1140 cases in total, with 760 cases in the experimental group and 380 cases in the control group.
Statisticians suggest that we appropriately expand the sample size to reduce the impact of the central effect on the final results.
Multiple factors that affect this trial will be taken into consideration. Participates from different areas with similar school level will be stratified. A stratified randomizing method will also be adopted according to region, age, gender, etc. Similar stratified groups will be compared; the experimental and the control groups are launched within the same school.
We will use a linear mixed model to analyze incorporating repeated measures. Firstly, visual acuity is independent among subjects and is the primary indicator of observation. Otherwise, it will be measured at the end of each training session and followed up for 3 months. That is important to model the correlation of these repeated measurements.
Statistical analysis using SPSS 20.0 will be performed, and data management software will be used to construct the database. Dedicated staff will be assigned to oversee the management of electronic data, and a clinical research team will be deployed for data entry, validation, reporting, and answering questions. Normally distributed variables will be expressed as their mean and standard deviation (SD), and frequency (percentage) for categorical variables. Baseline characteristics between the intervention and control groups will be compared by performing a two-sample t-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables with and without normal distribution, respectively. All P-values are 2-sided and considered statistically significant when less than 0.05.
Primary and secondary observation indexes will be analyzed by the superiority test depending on the treatment, using Per Protocol Set (PPS) and Full Analysis Set (FAS) datasets. The indices of safety evaluation will be analyzed using the Save Set (SS) dataset.
According to the ophthalmic disease efficacy evaluation standard in the Guidelines for Clinical Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine New Drugs:
Cure: visual acuity to normal (5.0)
Significant effect: visual acuity improved by 4 lines or more with a visual chart
Improvement: visual acuity improved by 2 lines or more
Ineffective: visual acuity improved by less than 2 rows or decrease
For primary outcome measurements monitored repeatedly, we used the final follow-up time point to calculate the missing rate. All evaluations, in particular the evaluation of the primary outcomes, will be made on the basis of all randomized patients, carry out a primary analysis of all observed data that are valid under a plausible assumption, regardless of whether or not they adhered to the treatment protocol or provided complete data sets.
A Data Monitoring Committee(DMC)will be instituted during the study, which is consisted of project researchers, ethics committee members, statistical analysis personnel, and implementation teachers, who have no competing interests. It is the responsibility of the DMC to review the trial design and trial documentations prior to the commencement of the study to identify issues that may affect data analysis or patient safety and identify problems during project implementation and take timely intervention measures. The collected data will be checked again at the end of the study.
In case of any adverse event, subjective discomfort (dizziness, nausea, etc.) or abnormal laboratory parameters of subjects should be treated seriously, the cause should be carefully analyzed, and immediate measures should be taken to maintain the safety of the subject's life. Procedures: Detailed records should be made on the case report form, and retesting should be performed within 24 h, 7 days, and 14 days as appropriate. Records of persistence, prognosis, and disappearance should be kept.
Treatment of serious adverse events: If there is any serious adverse event in the course of the study, it must be reported immediately to the ethics committee of the organization and the sponsor, and the "Serious Adverse Event Report Form" must be filled; if there is a serious adverse reaction, it should be reported to the National Medical Products Administration within 24 h, and the contact person should be notified according to the telephone number and home address listed in the case report form.
Treatment measures: When the subject has an accident or emergency, the investigator should make corresponding treatment according to the experimental therapy and its symptoms and pass the treatment results to the clinical examiner. The institute should record the treatment and results on the case report form and sign it.
Follow-up of unmitigated adverse events: all adverse events should be tracked for their cause until they can be appropriately resolved.
Frequency and plans for auditing trial conduct
The DMC and the ethics committee will meet annually during the trial to review the conduct of the study, Good Clinical Practice (GCP), compliance with the protocol standard operating procedures and applicable regulatory requirements.
Quality control is crucial to the reliability and accuracy of the research results, mainly conducted over the implementation process and data management aspects to achieve quality assurance. Quality control principally covers the following aspects: (1) investigator training: before the implementation of the study, a detailed research protocol and the SOPs should be developed, and participants of the study should be trained and documented; (2) data quality control: investigators should be trained, and the way in which data are collected, the list of all data elements and definitions, and the treatment methods for missing values, invalid entries, incorrect entries, and logically inconsistent data should be clarified during training. To prevent data bias, data entry and statisticians should be masked during the trial. (3) The study will have different teachers assigned to the control and experimental groups in separated training classrooms. So, it ensures that two groups cannot see each other while working on, minimizing the group contamination.
This study will fully comply with the relevant provisions of the data protection legislation. All appropriate and necessary precautions will be taken to keep medical data and personal information permanently confidential.
The eyes do not exist in isolation, but are an integral part of what makes up the human body, influencing the body, mind, and emotions in a unique way. Western medical research has shown that the visual system is considerably sensitive to any form of stress, tension, and mental state and that vision problems usually occur along with chronic stress and incorrect eye habits. Nearsightedness, farsightedness, and astigmatism are symptoms that are resulted from this underlying stress and imbalance. A better holistic model of vision includes the following three components: physical eyesight, inner vision, and emotional seeing [24].
The book Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun, also known as "General Treatise on Etiologies and Manifestations of All Diseases," from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) states: "The injury to the visceral organs caused by fatigue, deficiency of liver vitality (qi), and exposure to exopathic evil (wind-evil) make the essence of qi or vitality weak, causing vision problems," pointing out the causalities and characteristics of myopia in a systematic way. The liver is the main reservoir of blood and one of the major sources for vitality, associating strongly with blood capillary supplements for extraocular muscle. Emotion fluctuation as well as excessive use of the eye will compromise liver qi (vitality) or cause it to be stagnant, thereby affecting blood or qi supply to the eye, leading to vision problems. "The Chapter of Discussion on the Generation of Five Zang (visceral) Organs in Su Wen" states: "the heart governs blood vessels, all vessels connect to the eyes."; the spleen is the origin of the acquired constitution and the source of qi and blood production; if the spleen qi suffers from deficiencies lasted, blood is difficult to nourish eyes, compromising the visual acuity. According to Zhang Jingyue, an ancient TCM master, "lung governs qi, and when qi is coordinated, deficiencies in nutritive qi and protective qi as well as lower vitality in Zang (visceral )-organs are all cured." The whole body's blood converges at the lung, and the lung regulates the whole body's vigor of qi; when the qi of the lung is harmonized, blood can form a steady flow into the eyes, thus benefiting the vision. Thus, the deficiency of essence of visceral organs will dampen the vigor qi for blood flow and make it unable to nourish the eyes, thereby weakening the vision; from the clinical perspective of Chinese medicine, the causalities of vision problems are related to the liver, heart, spleen, lung, and kidney, the five Zang (visceral)–organs [25]. Therefore, vision rehabilitation training should not be limited to the adjustment of the visual system only, but extend to internal and external treatments, as well as physical and physiological regulation holistically.
Meditation is vital for "mental condition adjustment" and "health improvement" in TCM and has been advocated and practiced by medical practitioners in ancient China. It is also one of the populated approaches for self-health management. Meditation is often coordinated with the adjustment of posture, breathing, and consciousness to motivate self-healing capacity. It means to build a peaceful and perceptive mind to overcome the judgmental thoughts or emotions. This helps to eliminate unhealthy muscle memories and psychological preconceptions, potentially creating new ways to cope with illness [26]. Studies have shown that during meditation, parasympathetic activity increases and sensory and perceptual changes occur. These physiological changes are a state of self-healing relaxation that may have preventive and therapeutic effects on human health [27]. Meditation is also a positive mental exercise that alters brain and mind function and facilitates the regulation of attention, cognition, and mood. It is well documented that mental state affects physical condition, and its imbalance affects hormone release, attributing to diseases.
The incorporation of meditation elements into vision acuity training is a multifaceted combination of movement, breathing, and imagination, which may enhance vision by strengthening the eye muscle regulation functions.
This project will be conducted in two phases, using two research designs. The first phase will be a multicenter randomized controlled study, and the second phase will be a single-arm pre-post controlled study. The aim is to compare the differences in the effects of the training based on guided meditation and Chinese eye exercises on vision regulation in adolescents. If the significant clinical efficacy and safety are uncovered, a novel non-pharmacological physical therapy will be provided for the treatment of adolescent myopia. The study will also help to promote and disseminate the vision acuity training method, which is infused with the TCM rehabilitation concept, and provide a reference plan and basis for solving the myopia problem among adolescents.
Certainly, guided meditation for vision acuity training is not always almighty; it also has limitations. For instance, the target population of this method is simple myopia with −6.00 D ≤ refractive state ≤ −0.50 D and astigmatism ≤1.50 D. The research area and sample size also limit its external promotion. Therefore, we will combine meditation with Baduanjin or Taijiquan to form a training of dynamic and static combination in the further research, which could be a better means for myopia of adolescents.
Trial status
At the time of submission, the formative research has been completed and recruitment is ongoing. The first participant will be enrolled in December 2021. Patient recruitment is estimated to be completed around September 2023. The current protocol is version 3.0 of 30-10-2021.
The datasets generated or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The authors would like to thank the Medical Ethics Review Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine and all the staff involved in this study.
Dissemination policy
The results of this study will be published in a peer-reviewed manuscript and will be presented to the health system and community stakeholders as well as relevant local, national, and international meetings. Access to the study protocol will be provided through an open access protocol.
Professor Tao Lu., Beijing Municipal Commission of Education, Double First-Class, personnel department, High-caliber talents (NO. 1000041510156). The funding is internal to the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine. Meanwhile, we have reached the intention of cooperation with New Time (Shanghai) Education Technology Co., LTD, signed the horizontal project (NO. 2170071720013). The funder plays an important role in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data and in revising the manuscript and the decision to submit the report for publication.
Yibo Li and Lili Zhu contributed equally to this work.
Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, 11 Beisanhuan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
Yibo Li, Lili Zhu, Raoying Wang, Xingyue Yang, Xinqi Jiang & Tao Lu
Yibo Li
Lili Zhu
Raoying Wang
Xingyue Yang
Xinqi Jiang
Tao Lu
LT, ZLL, and LYB designed and compiled the protocol. LT is the team leader in charge of the project. ZLL completed the randomized controlled trial of the project. ZLL and LYB provided written materials, such as inclusion criteria, exclusion criteria, and objective indicators to check the medical record form, and participated in the process of ethical review. LYB completed the writing and revision of the article and was responsible for data management. YXY contributed to the sample size and statistical analysis. WRY participated in the submission of this article and additional files. JXQ contributed to the investigation and summary of the literature. Co-first authors are equally important in their contributions to this paper. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Tao Lu.
The Ethical Review Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine has approved the ethical approval of this study (4 June 2020, Approval Number: 2020 BZYLL0306). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants or their authorized representatives.
All authors consent to the publication of this research.
Li, Y., Zhu, L., Wang, R. et al. Guided meditation for vision acuity training on adolescent myopia: study protocol for an open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized controlled trial. Trials 23, 16 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-021-05922-1
Simple myopia
Vision acuity training