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Warren G. Harding by John Dean (Pres. Bio. Series)
Probably the only thing that we really associate with Warren Harding a century after his life is scandal. Even there, we wouldn't call it exciting scandal, because it essentially forgotten in our country. Perhaps you remember a history teacher saying something about the Teapot Dome scandal, but then again, probably not. If you are into presidential history and biography , perhaps you have noticed that Harding has always been a serious competitor for the worst president ever. At least that is what I have always thought. Now enter this biography by John W. Dean. Believe it or not, he moved my opinion of Harding… a little.
This biography is part of the American Presidents Series, a series I always turn to for the lesser known presidents. Lesser known presidents who have no particularly outstanding accomplishments generally don't have an awesome biography anyway. For an investment of less than 200 pages you can get a concise biography in your quest to cover every president. Some of them are better than others, and this one is at least well written for what it is.
This one is perhaps unique in the series as the one that is the most driven to rehabilitate the reputation of its subject. One of Harding's scandals is his fathering a child out of wedlock just before he assumed the presidency. Mr. Dean was convinced Harding was innocent, but subsequent DNA testing has proved the accusation was, in fact, true.
Still Mr. Dean lead me to believe that something of a hatchet job was done on Harding. As he points out, Harding's wife burned his papers thinking she was doing his reputation a favor when in fact any proof to counteract wild claims went up in the smoke of her actions.
Perhaps Harding did pick a few cabinet members who were crooks without his knowledge. His legislative record was not outstanding but was sufficient for his times. He took no egregious positions and showed some real political skills in a variety of ways. He is still miles away from being a great president, but as long as John Tyler is remembered he should be spared from being the worst!
As I usually do, I kept my eyes peeled for the religious background of this president. To be frank, very little existed beyond some perfunctory religious statements. He clearly had some personal life issues. Still, he was likable and decent to all those he worked with. In fact, he often tried to be very cautious about needlessly angering his opponents. For what it's worth, both the opinion of his friends and the public was phenomenally higher before his untimely death than when several took up the pen to destroy his name afterward. My opinion: The real Warren Harding probably fell somewhere between the high marks given in this biography and the flunking grades given by many over the years. To be fair, had he not died unexpectedly of heart trouble, he might have been able to have addressed the scandal and got it turned around. There's really no other failure in his term of office that should cause his reputation to get so thoroughly creamed. The dark stain on his reputation is exclusively from his private life and scandal involving subordinates.
I will also judge this biography a success because even beyond it's near whitewashing of some aspects of his life it got me, the reader, to slightly sway my opinion of Harding. That would have to be a win for the biographer.
Wilson by Scott Berg (Pres. Bio. Series)
I wanted to get to Woodrow Wilson for some time on this presidential biography journey. I knew enough to know that he was incredibly influential in the direction that this country has taken in the last 100 years. Surprisingly, very few people are aware of his impactful presidency and know little more about him than any one of other dozens of forgotten presidents. Additionally, Wilson is an enigma to me. He is known for his Christian faith and in some ways is one of the fathers of a movement that has lead our nation far away from God. Let's just say that I got what I needed from the incredibly well written biography by Scott Berg of Woodrow Wilson.
On the level of biography, this book was outstanding. To be sure, it was written as a biography, not a political treatise. Berg clearly appreciated Wilson but did not hide his flaws. Further, this biographer would probably not even conclude in any way similar to me about Wilson's political legacy, yet this is one of the better presidential biographies that I've read.
Now for Wilson himself. One thing that I've tried to do in my presidential biography reviews that maybe no one else does is to make a concerted effort to probe the president's religious background and corresponding influence upon his life. In the lives of several presidents I have discovered that there is very little religious influence. Wilson, however, was profoundly religious. Christian ideals that were peaking in some circles in his day were highly evident in him. Only in a careful reading of his life story can you put together his complex religious views. Again, that's why this biography was so helpful to me.
His father was a prominent Presbyterian minister. Wilson was born in Virginia and his dad pastored churches in Georgia and South Carolina in his formative years. The effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction and the race relations in the south surrounding those events we're deeply imbibed into his psyche. Though I hate how the term racist is thrown around in our day to the point that the concept becomes meaningless, Wilson had some racist views. These views led him to see Black people as inferior, yet his religious beliefs at least required him to treat them civilly though he always wanted them kept in their place.
Another factor in the person Woodrow Wilson is his academic career. He is the only president we have had who was truly a political scientist that possessed a PhD. he wrote influential scholarly works on history and politics and had an incredible career Princeton University that culminated in his ascendancy to the presidency of the University. He truly had a national influence even in that capacity. If you dig a little farther as I have done it matters that go beyond the scope of this biography, you will learn that Wilson rejected several concepts of our founding fathers. These rejections are neither subtle nor minor, and successfully birthed the progressive movement in our nation.
Wilson's religious beliefs are paramount in this new direction. I've done much more reading in theology in my life and know that in the later 1800s Christian scholarship took a hard turn to the left because of German scholarly influence. Other similar influences were taking hold of universities and Wilson was similarly influenced. He went on record as saying that our government was founded on the Newtonian viewpoint but modern science has taught us that we should take a Darwinian viewpoint. Therefore, governments are to always be evolving and the needs of the current generation are unique and principles at the Founding cannot be a straight jacket to us.
To be fair to Wilson, he saw no incongruence with his Christianity and these beliefs. In many ways, he lived his life with fidelity to his Christian principles. In fact, he seem to hold tightly to Calvinistic doctrine and perhaps believed in redemption though this biography did not go that far. He kept the Sabbath, attended church faithfully, enjoy good sermons, and in many ways, he lived his life with firm adherence to his Christian principles and ethics. He seemed to love his wife until she died. He had a friendship with a lady that Berg went out of his way to argue that no physical adultery transpired. There is evidence that Wilson expressed regret about that friendship and after his first wife died he seemed to again truly love his second wife.
At times he may have even seen himself as a Christian crusader. Elements of his personality, perhaps, worked against him as well. He was so sure he was right that he almost never compromised or considered other viewpoints. What he thought was always right to his mind and his mission was to convince everyone else and lead them there. He lost the respect of several colleagues both in his university presidency and as president of the United States for this flaw of character. Both of those presidencies ended on a sour note after a period of soaring popularity and accomplishment. It seemed he was always ready to die on the hill of getting 100% of what he wanted.
While I vehemently disagree with both his political and religious philosophies, I must admit that I find him sincere. I would not feel that way about several who followed in his footsteps, but he believed in what he championed.
Back to the biography. Even the chapters that covered his career at Princeton were highly readable. I felt the only weakness of the book was its coverage of World War I. It seem to be viewed from a far, though by the limitations of that age, that is probably how Wilson lived it. The frustrations of the Versailles conference and Wilson's inflexibility were tragic but well presented. Berg did a great job in eliciting pity for Wilson in the sad story of his life from the failure of getting his treaty passed and his League of Nations off the ground, all followed by an incapacitating stroke. Yes, the nation was misled by his wife and doctor, but fortunately no great harm came from it. Wilson died thinking himself a failure. Were he alive today, he might realize his progressivism with some changes thrives. What FDR gets credit for, could fairly be attributed to Wilson who FDR thought heroic.
Your assessment of Woodrow Wilson probably directly corresponds to your political opinions. Still, we can all enjoy this biography!
Destiny of the Republic by Candice Millard (Presidential Bio. Series)
April 27, 2020 June 7, 2020 / jimmyreagan / 1 Comment
What a book! Since James Garfield is likely in everyone's category of lesser known presidents, this book is an unexpected experience. It's not a typical cradle-to-grave biography, but I felt I knew President Garfield better than some other presidents where I read a full biography. As you may recall, Garfield was shot by an assassin early in his presidency. He really didn't have any time to take significant action as president, but he was such a fine, genuine man that you will ask the what-if questions. I suspect he would have been one of the better presidents between the legendary Lincoln and the famous Teddy Roosevelt had he had the opportunity to serve out his term.
This book with its subtitle "a tale of madness, medicine, and the murder of a president" focuses on the peculiar aspects of his death. Kudos to Millard for seeing the potential in this fascinating story. Though she has written only a few titles, she is one of the better writers of our day. She can tell a story! She is so good with words and sentences that even the more mundane moments of the story still read easily. To my mind, and why I could easily recommend this as the perfect biography of James A. Garfield, she gives such an exquisite portrait of the man that I could imagine what it would be like if he walked in the room and sat down and started talking. That is the quintessential skill needed to be a biographer.
I don't know how she did it, but in 300 pages she also brought to life Garfield's bizarre assassin, Charles Guiteau. The term used for him in his day was "monomaniac", and yet whatever you might label him today, Millard creates a full-orbed postmortem of his unique pathology. She also exposed Garfield's failed, egotistical physician, Dr. Bliss. Unfortunately, Dr Bliss denied the scientifically sound teachings of Joseph Lister and denied the idea of germs! And yes, Dr Bliss, ultimately killed President Garfield by incompetence. People of that day could not resist saying, "ignorance is Bliss". The famous inventor, Alexander Graham Bell, also took a large part in the story. I don't want to give any spoilers, but I assure you there is a captivating story here. The story doesn't have the raw adventure of Millard's The River of Doubt about Teddy Roosevelt's trip in the Amazon, but don't suppose for a moment this work is any less gripping.
Back to Garfield, I think he had the potential to have been an echo of Lincoln. He was born into incredible hardship and poverty as his dad died when he was a young man. His remarkable mother held the family together, invested in young Garfield's life, and imbibed her Christianity and its ethics into the fabric of his life. The adult Garfield was a man who loved his wife and children, was one who lived above politics in a way few politicians have ever succeeded in doing, was a man who practiced forgiveness, and was one who possessed a personal faith in God. Along the way, he was a Civil War hero and a well-read, educated man despite his background. The story of him being upset by his nomination at the Republican convention for president is the perfect example of the man he was. He was there to nominate another guy and he was truly upset that he would hurt him to the extent that he took no joy at all in his unexpected, dramatic nomination! How many politicians do you know like that? In character and genuineness, Garfield was one of our best presidents. It is truly sad that our country missed the opportunity that lie in a man of his caliber in the White House. It seemed that Americans of that day realized what they had and what they lost. They knew that later generations would probably forget him as has happened, but they also knew that he was one of the better men to have held the office.
The Care of Souls by Senkbeil (Books on Ministry #26)
November 13, 2019 November 12, 2019 / jimmyreagan / 2 Comments
This book surprised me. The advertisements for it looked intriguing, but we are blessed to have many wonderful volumes about the work of a pastor. The author, Harold L. Senkbeil, is a long-time Lutheran pastor. Since I am not a Lutheran, I wondered if I might diverge from him on many points. To be sure, he would sometimes talk about the sacraments or baptism in a way that is totally foreign to my thinking, but I loved his book nonetheless. I could easily roll over those sacramental comments because what he had to say about God, His Word, and the ministry struck me directly in the heart. He wrote in so many ways about the pastor I want to be and showed me the way to get there.
He had a knack for working in his life experiences without ever making it about him. He would mention what he learned growing up on a farm many times but I assure you it was never trite nor meaningless. In fact, every facet of farming that he ties to the ministry will be so clear that you will wonder why you hadn't thought of it before. He gives a wonderful description of what a pastor even is. He will explain both the care and the cure of souls and define a pastoral "habitus" along the way. Even if you've never heard the term before, you will be glad to make its acquaintance. There's an extraordinary chapter on how the word of God is our source for ministry. His description of part of pastoring being the work of diagnosis and a work on the soul covers more in one chapter than some such books do in their entirety. His chapter on treatment of what is diagnosed makes it all practical. Other chapters that tie everything to Christ are extraordinary. He relates theologically how to talk about sin and justification and what shame and guilt are in a way that will minister to your soul as he's trying to tell you how to help others! Be sure to check out his sexual case study, which again is written for you to help others, in a chapter that is as good as I've ever read on that subject.
I have underlined many sentences in my copy. In addition to the wonderful material, the author is an extraordinary, captivating writer. I was unable to read this book fast. In fact, I could never read more than one chapter at a sitting because it would give me so much to dwell on. That means it may take you a few days to read it, but they will be days well spent. This publisher has had a legacy year in writing about pastoring as they've already released one of the best volumes on preaching (The Heart of the Preacher) that I have seen in a long time. This book is worthy of the highest possible recommendation!
James Buchanan by Jean Baker
October 9, 2019 October 8, 2019 / jimmyreagan / 1 Comment
I've noticed for years that James Buchanan has made many lists for being the worst president that the United States has ever had. After reading this biography by Jean H. Baker in the American President Series, I can finally understand why. I enjoy this series especially for some of these lesser-known, and forgive me for saying, less substantial presidents. This book comes in at under 150 pages and it's exactly what I would want for Buchanan. Though I had a few duds in this series earlier, this is the second in a row that I found very well done. Baker is a good writer. She finally concludes that he is not only a bad president but a traitor, but she fairly handles his life before she springs her conclusions on you at the end. By the time she gets you there, you may agree with her.
James Buchanan had a successful life before reaching the White House. He excelled in his law career and was quite successful as a member first of the House of Representatives and later the Senate. He had some striking similarities to his predecessor, Franklin Pierce, too. They were both extremely loyal to the Democratic Party. They both came from the North: Pierce from New Hampshire and Buchanan from Pennsylvania. Finally, in an almost bizarre similarity, they were both enamored with the South. Baker speculates that Buchanan became enamored with the genteel ways of the Southerners he worked with in Congress. Considering the backgrounds of both Pierce and Buchanan, I'm bewildered at both of their unexpected loyalty to the South because they had no obvious connection. As it turns out, however, though their loyalty was similar, Buchanan made far worse blunders over the South. Had Buchanan been a Southerner, his life would have made, perhaps, perfect sense, but he was not.
As you will see in this biography, his error in Kansas was particularly egregious and hastened the Civil War. Southerners probably revered him for a while over his handling of the Fort Sumter situation, but as President of the United States, it was inexplicable. Again, had he resigned and joined the Confederacy it might've made sense, but to stay for the Union and make these leadership decisions brutally slays all logic. To make it worse for him, after he had made a complete ruin of the situation from the North's point of view, the ineffective countermeasures that he finally put in place lost him the confidence of the South. He ended his career with the confidence of no one! He spent his remaining years trying to prove that his decisions were pro-Union, and even argued at times his decisions were similar to Lincoln's, but no one believed them. Nor should they. Perhaps he meant well, but he had no foresight nor enough leadership skills for such a critical hour of history.
As is often the case, this book does not give us much to go on to determine Buchanan's religious views. The author did, however, treat the whispers that our only bachelor president was homosexual with restraint. She fairly admitted there was never any actual evidence of that charge. Not that it proves anything, but there were a few quotes from his life that used Christian language. It was interesting to note that he did join the Presbyterian Church after he left the White House. Apparently, the Presbyterian Church's position on abolition in the north had held him back in earlier years. After Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, the discussion of abolition was less critical.
This biography is ideal though Buchanan as president was anything but ideal. He did come across as something of a prideful person as he surrounded himself with people who would just let him talk and agree with him. That probably contributed to his overall failures as well. The only good thing that I can say for him is that at least he did seem like a more likable person than John Tyler. I guess you'd call that scraping the bottom of the barrel to find the compliment! If you are on a journey to read a biography of every president, Baker is the right choice for you here because you wouldn't want to be too bogged down on Buchanan.
American History–A New 2-volume set by Thomas Kidd
July 6, 2019 July 6, 2019 / jimmyreagan / Leave a comment
Are you like me and have become disgusted with most books today that attempt to teach American history? Do you suppose that most young Americans who are wrapping up their educational years really have no idea of the incredible history of our country? There are some excellent titles floating around on specific incidents in American history, but those that could be used as a textbook are often either lacking or skewed beyond recognition. That's why I am happy to see this two-volume set come out by Thomas S. Kidd. He has written several historical biographies including those of Christians who have impacted our history. To my mind, he was the perfect person to step up and produce this set.
The balance with which he writes is refreshing for history. He's never afraid of Christianity, nor does he ever obscure it in our history. On the other hand, he doesn't make it Christian where it's not, though he often does describe how Christians have viewed particular historical incidences. For my money, that approach is ideal.
You can always quibble the amount of coverage one event gets compared to another in a book of this type, but he did as well as anyone could do. The visual quality of the work is excellent as well. The pictures are well chosen, attractive, and yet not so prevalent as to give us a skimpy text. Perhaps my only criticism is that this title might have been better presented in a hardback. Rarely do I mention in a review the choice between hardback or paperback, but for some reason, this looks like it should have been a hardback. Still, the covers for each volume in the set are gorgeous.
This set would easily be my choice to recommend for an American history textbook today. I should add, too, that homeschooling parents would do themselves a favor to check out this title for their high school students. Because of where we are today, I believe that if many high school and college students used this set it would be a boon to our society. It's what we've needed for a long time.
Zachary Taylor by Eisenhower (Presidential Bio. Series)
November 3, 2018 July 18, 2019 / jimmyreagan / 1 Comment
John S. D. Eisenhower, son of President Eisenhower, writes this concise biography on President Zachary Taylor for The American Presidents Series. That series is at its best on the lesser known president's because it enables you to quickly read a biography and move on to the next president. Our presidents are mostly a mediocre lot from Van Buren to Buchanan besides, perhaps, Polk. On the other hand, if you give equal weight to these presidents pre-presidential careers, Taylor is one of the most interesting. He was the leading general of the Mexican War. It doesn't hurt that we without question won that war and added vast territory to our nation. To me, Taylor is far more important in our nation's history as a general than as a president.
Taylor is shown as a soldier's soldier. This book well relays his exciting moments (plus a few that weren't so exciting). At times, his strategy wasn't above questioning either. He caught a few breaks and called a few good ones too. What could never be questioned was his courage. His traits matched his soldier life–loyal, diligent, and willing to face hardships. The author was a soldier as well and was in his wheelhouse in describing this overarching aspect of Taylor's life.
The author tells us little of Taylor's religious point of view other than once saying he wasn't very religious, though he relayed that viewpoint while telling us that he called for a day of prayer! It could be that the fact that all Taylor's papers were destroyed in the Civil War while in his son's possession have obscured our fully knowing Taylor's religious outlook.
I'm so glad I chose this volume as my read on Taylor. Perfectly paced for my needs and genuinely interesting, this book served up Taylor with nice balance, appropriate depth, and fleshed out in an economy of pages. Worth looking this one up!
For more in this series, look here.
Valley Forge by Bob Drury & Tom Clavin
October 6, 2018 October 5, 2018 / jimmyreagan / Leave a comment
Valley Forge. Now that's a subject worthy of its own book. If nothing else, there's George Washington. Washington attracts great writers you know. Ron Chernow was compelled to give us a life of Washington while David McCullough gave us 1776, so it's no surprise to me that the bestselling author team of Bob Drury and Tom Clavin were pulled to Valley Forge. Valley Forge made for one of the greatest chapters of Washington's celebrated life and contributed immensely to his mystique. Drury and Clavin give it the treatment it deserves in this fine book.
The authors struck the right balance in setting up the famous winter in Valley Forge, telling its story, and describing what followed along with its significance. Part 1 tells us of a series of failures that led into the dismal winter. Wait till you read of Brandywine. That this book ends in great victory makes the whole story something of a microcosm of Washington's amazing life. He had more losses than most any famous general, yet he always preserved to ultimate victory. Defeat never crushed him, the odds never defied him, and he is the poster child of fearlessness in battle. He could rally men that seemed beyond it. All in all, he makes for thrilling reading as this book turns out to be.
It would be unfair, though, to call this only a biography of an episode of Washington's life. There are all kinds of heroes and villains to be found. For example, you will despise Charles Lee by book's end. There's plenty more across the field among the Redcoats too.
The famous winter is great drama as well. The suffering was real—so real that the victories in the following spring seemed unreal. My only complaint with this book is that the authors were perhaps more skeptical of some of the Christian elements than seemed necessary. I know legends always have a potential of growing, but the evidence of Washington's genuine Christianity is greater than what's found here.
If you love either Washington or the Revolutionary War, or for that matter any well-written slice of history, you will thoroughly enjoy this book.
Dr. Benjamin Rush–A New Biography by Unger
September 16, 2018 / jimmyreagan / Leave a comment
Dr. Benjamin Rush is a Founding Father that I'm happy to finally get to know. Famed historian, Harlow Giles Unger, delivers Rush from his inexplicable obscurity in this fine biography. The subtitle "The Founding Father who healed a wounded nation" is in no way hyperbole. If you love biography, you're in for some pleasant reading. If you love early American history, you're going to wonder how you've missed Dr. Rush for so long.
What an incredible person was Dr. Rush! He signed the Declaration of Independence, was dear friends with many of the more famous Founders and faced personal danger for favoring independence from Britain. He loved medicine and people and continually damaged his own finances to help the less fortunate. He was "first" in so many categories—humane treatment of wounded soldiers, medical treatment for the poor, prison reform, and psychiatry. He stood up to anyone it took, including Washington, to push these things he felt were right. Every chapter of this biography makes you admire him more.
Beyond just providing great biography, Unger skillfully handled the medical aspects of Rush's life story. That Unger comes from a long line of doctors was a big help. Rush was involved in a few medical conflicts and was a proponent of "bleeding" patients. This biography will show that though bleeding was a mistaken treatment, it was based on the best medical science available. Rush studied hard and accumulated research that was a great help to later researchers. He was slandered unmercifully, yet never abandoned his medical calling.
Unger also relates Rush's Christianity. He doesn't probe it or determine it's influence on who Rush was, but he doesn't obscure the fact of it either. The reader can do his or her own analysis. I was fascinated at Rush's efforts to get to the bottom of Jefferson's beliefs. It almost amounted to witnessing. Jefferson respected him so much that he opened up to Rush when he usually preferred to keep his religious views to himself. Since Jefferson's views were not too orthodox, Rush suggested they agree to disagree.
Another nugget of this biography is the relating of how Rush reached out to both Adams and Jefferson to mend their differences and reestablish their friendship. That healing was as profound as his medical work in the young nation. It appears that he was the only man both so respected that he could have pulled this off.
This biography is a treat. If you love early American history, it's a must-have book. I loved it!
Polk by Walter Borneman (Presidential Bio. Series)
August 1, 2018 August 1, 2018 / jimmyreagan / 1 Comment
James Polk was perhaps the finest president in the field of mediocrity that the American presidency traveled through between Andy Jackson and Abe Lincoln. I don't know if that insignificance had to do more with the men (most likely) or the commonplaceness of the times (less likely), or some combination of the two, but Polk, as Walter Borneman's subtitle suggests, had an impact on both the presidency and the nation. Polk both expanded presidential power and the size of our nation itself.
This biography gives us enough of the pre-story of Polk's life to really know the man by the time he assumed the presidency. He was ambitious (a common theme in every presidential biography), knew how to play politics, could be politically pragmatic as well as loyal where politically expedient, yet seemed to truly have a set of core principles. He was a protégé of Jackson, also a Tennessean, yet much more refined than his mentor. Their relationship seemed genuine. As is true of at least a few of our presidents, he had a wife who loved and supported him which he reciprocated with love and adoration. This biography fully fleshed out his personality that could be described as more introverted than some and detail oriented.
While the times played into his successes he seized the opportunities that came his way. He has the unusual distinction of accomplishing all his main campaign promises in one four-year term. Further, he kept his promise of only serving one term. Along the way, he was a successful war president of a war that was so victorious that the debate over fighting it is mostly now forgotten. The vast acreage that has been part of America since his day means it probably always will be remembered as something great for our nation. Though he was proslavery, it seems history has been kinder to him than several other presidents in that territory. He really did nothing to stem the tide that would ultimately embroil our nation in Civil War either. Strangely, he even lost all his last elections in Tennessee including two for governor and the one for president out of which he came victorious. I was surprised that the nation was not so perfectly divided by North and South this close to the Civil War, yet geography seemed to have little to do with which states he won.
Perhaps the saddest thing in his biography is how quickly he sickened and died after his presidency ended. He became sick on a victory tour through the states after his term expired and never really had the chance to enjoy his retirement in Tennessee.
As for the biography itself, Borneman was mostly satisfactory. As I read through presidential biographies, I've been making a special note of the role religion played in each president's life. I feel this biography totally failed me in that regard since it's known from other sources that Mrs. Polk and her Methodism had an impact on her husband. This shortcoming makes me wonder if I should have read the volume by Robert Merry instead (his biography of William McKinley was excellent). On the other hand, Borneman succeeded in making me feel like I both knew and understood James K. Polk. For that reason, I must recommend this biography.
Other Presidential Biographies


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Honduras migrants: Thousands to lose US protected status
Image copyrightAFP/Getty
Image caption Tens of thousands of Hondurans in the US could be affected
The Trump administration has announced the end of temporary protections for thousands of Honduran immigrants.
Up to 57,000 people could be forced to leave the US by 5 January 2020, when their temporary protected status (TPS) will be revoked.
Hondurans were granted this status after Hurricane Mitch hit the Central American country in 1999.
The Department of Homeland Security said conditions in the country had "notably improved" since the disaster.
The 2020 deadline gives time for people with TPS "to arrange for their departure or to seek an alternative lawful immigration," the statement reads.
What is temporary protected status?
The people protesting Trump's immigration deadline
Honduras's government said it "profoundly regrets" the end of the programme.
The country's ambassador to the US, Marlon Tabora, said the country could not handle repatriating tens of thousands of people, Reuters news agency reports.
Image caption The Trump administration has announced plans to end TPS for several nationalities
"These families have lived in the United States for 20 years and re-integrating them into the country will not be easy if they decide to return," he said.
The Trump administration previously announced plans to cancel TPS for immigrants from Haiti and El Salvador, which they had been given after natural disasters in those countries.
US to end Haitian immigrant scheme
Trump gives Salvadoreans deadline to leave
Critics believe the US government is ignoring continuing dangers in home countries in its decisions to cancel TPS.
But some argue the repeated extension of the programme has resulted in de facto residency rights for those who benefit.
A legal group in Boston, the Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Economic Justice, said they would amend a legal complaint about the recent cancellation of TPS status to include the Hondurans.
Skip Twitter post by @LawyersCom_MA
The Boston-based Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights and Economic Justice said later on Friday that it would amend a legal complaint filed in February to include the Hondurans affected. https://t.co/l2CmpLvzib#TPS#Honduras#immigration
— Lawyers' Committee for Civil Rights (@LawyersCom_MA) May 4, 2018
End of Twitter post by @LawyersCom_MA
A large number of migrants recently arrived at the US border, including many Hondurans.
The disputed election of President Juan Orland Hernández in November has caused recent unrest in the country which has led many to flee.
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NPC: Should Xi Jinping be China's president for life?
'Vicious' Killer of 11 Women Gets Death Penalty in China
Photo The verdict against Gao Chengyong, convicted of 11 murders that included rape and defiling corpses, was applauded in China.Credit Reuters BEIJING — Thirty years after Gao Chengyong embarked on a succession of 11 rape-murders of women in northwest China, a court sentenced him to death on Friday, following an investigation that involved sifting through…
India has a record of more than 75,000 infections in one day for 3.3 million cases
India has registered a record 75,000 new cases of COVID-19 in 24 hours, bringing the infections to over 3.3 million, while the recovered patients reportedly top 2.5 million this Thursday the Ministry of Health. A total of 75,750 cases were counted during the day on Wednesday, so that 3,310,234 people in the Asian country have…
South Africa, the first African country to exceed 200,000 infections
ByDarryl S. Slawson	 July 7, 2020
South Africa was the first African country to overcome the barrier of 200,000 COVID-19 infections on Tuesday, almost half of which have already overcome the disease. "Today we passed the 200,000 mark, with a cumulative total of COVID-19 cases of 205,721," Health Minister Zweli Mkhize said in a message on Twitter. "The total number of…
Westport Journal: Success of Irish Trail Shows That Maybe You Can Eat the Scenery
ByEurope World News	 February 26, 2018
That reluctance, Mr. Kelly said, is partly "on account of the struggle for land in the past, the hard times we came from, the British Empire running the country," when landlords, who were predominantly Protestant, rented to tenant farmers, who were mainly Roman Catholic. This passion for land is deeply engraved in the Irish mentality,…
Louisiana Petroleum to start next week
ByEurope World News	 July 13, 2018 March 26, 2018
Related News about Louisiana Petroleum to start next week Sort by: Relevance : Date Newly-floated Perth-based Louisiana Petroleum hopes to start producing oil at its southern United States oil fields next week. – (Sydney Morning Herald — 15 July, 2005) + related stories Perth-based petroleum producer Louisiana Petroleum debuted at apremium of more than 50…

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Traditional drawing of Thor. My favourite Avenger and my second favourite MCU character, so I probably put a bit more effort/time into this drawing!
Drawing his face at this tiny scale still gives me nightmares (just don't take a closer look at it and just admire the other details and stuff )... But I'm very, very happy with the shiny parts of his armor and his left hand with the hammer!
Reference was a production still of Thor (Chris Hemsworth) from the movie Thor The Dark World (2013).
Please don't upload my pictures somewhere else without my permission. Don't infringe copyright!
Whom might your favorite MCU character be?
damn this is one of the best, if not THE best, art of Chris as Thor.
This is incredible, looks just like a photo!
The level of detail in clothes looks like it was ripped strait out of the movie thats really amazing Work!
Your welcome, it is my pleasure.
Love it! Very well done.
is this a real drawing????
This is just insanely good! If it hadn't been labelled "drawing" I would have thought it was a photo.
How many layers does this paper take before it stops taking the pencils? I'm struggling to find paper that can handle all my layers... Thus I get this grainy non smooth look You're drawings are so smooth and full! I love them!
This perfect paper takes 4-5 layers or more. My new crappy no name paper takes 3-4 layers max and it's also too grainy. But a marker base layer (and another technique that I'll probably show in an upcoming tutorial) helps to get a smoother look. I have only 5 sheets left of my good paper and I'm still saving it for large projects (like MCU Phase villains,...).
Well, I take this as a compliment (although I still see some mistakes). It's true that I don't do free hand sketches without any helping techniques that often, but I don't trace. I use the grid method. For this drawing I used a very small grid to get it as accurate as possible. The outlines took me many hours (if I remember that right it was something about 8 hours???). Here is one of my step by step tutorials with explanations, by the way: Traditional (mixed media) tutorial I hope this can help you to understand my technique. If you would've asked me 3 years ago if it's possible to draw like that I would've answered "No.". Now I really regret that I didn't start to draw earlier (I took a huge drawing break for 6 years).
By the way: sometimes I use a canvas, very thick paper (>300m/m²), black paper or draw in sketch card size. In my opinion tracing is impossible on this kind of media.
thanks a lot for your explain, let me explore your tutorial. tx guy..


text:
UXDX
UXDX Conference
A Digital Transformation Story Within The U.S. DoD: The World's Largest Bureaucracy
How the U.S. Air Force approached their agile transformation to shift from a lead time of 10+ years to 120 days.
Rory Admin
Feb 1, 2022 • 6 min read
Speaking with Adam Furtado, Chief Product Officer
The US Air Force is a wing of the United States military. With a budget of $715 billion, it has been described as the world's largest bureaucracy.
What was the challenge
Federal IT programs are 96% behind schedule or over budget and 40% never deliver a single thing. The average time was 12 to 15 years to get an idea into a user's hands. General Mike Holmes, the commander of Air Combat Command, has said
Years of institutional risk aversion have led to the strategic dilemma plaguing us today, replacing our 30-year fleet on the 30-year timeline'.
And that risk aversion realises itself in a multitude of ways. We constrain ourselves by these bureaucratic safety nets that protect us from ourselves, but in reality, they make us less safe because we're not able to adapt to change. We constrain ourselves by treating our software organisations the same way we treat our hardware organisations, the same organisations that build and deliver aircraft and aircraft carriers, and the byproduct of that is you start receiving your software on those same timelines.
What kickstarted the initiative?
The defence innovation board, a group of Silicon Valley CEOs, and innovators, chaired by Eric Schmidt, traveled out to the air operation center in Qatar to learn how we execute air warfare. Eric Schmidt described what he learned saying the DoD violates every rule of modern product development. People were planning on whiteboards and manually inputting the results into different systems. If anything changed, they would have to start from scratch again.
It isn't possible to change an organisation in one go. So a small team was set up to tackle a single problem - refuelling planes. It is incredibly expensive and riddled with inefficiencies. Eric Schmidt called the current manual process "the most ridiculous thing I have ever seen". So it was a good place to start.
Did you have the skills needed?
We had no idea what we were doing. None of us had any skills in modern software development or how to manage a digital transformation. We sent a small group of active-duty Air Force members, who had shown a growth mindset and willingness to learn, to Silicon Valley and ask for help.
We partnered with a company called Pivotal Labs to not only help us build a cloud-native platform for us to deliver capability to our warfighters, but to teach us how to change the way we thought about products and the way we thought about our organisation.
Pivotal taught us a bunch of things on Lean principles, user-centered design, DevOps, extreme programming, Test Driven Development. But the most important thing they taught us, was how to change the culture within your workplace. It's one thing to read slides, and see talks on why culture is important, but it's another to see in action actually on the floor. Seeing people collaborate and seeing ideation happen, people happy at work.
What outcomes did you achieve?
Within a few months, we had an MVP for the refuelling problem in customers' hands. It instantly produced savings of $214,000 per day and paid off the development costs in less than a week. But that was only our MVP. After a few more iterations we had doubled the fuel savings and reduced the number of people required by two. In some places that could be seen as a negative but in the military it means two fewer people leaving their families going into harm's way and being pulled from their aircraft.
How did you communicate your success?
We used the cost of delay to build consensus on the power of the new approach. We made the argument that if you would have waited five years to deliver the same products using our traditional waterfall development methods, we would have had a cost of delay of $384 million. That was enough to buy us some more time to keep experimenting.
What challenges did you encounter?
A lot of organisations tout that they're doing agile and it kind of hurts the messaging a bit, especially for an organisation that doesn't understand it - there is a language barrier. So, we had to spend a lot of time educating upwards and cultivating downwards.
Another thing we learned is to not forget about our platform or whatever our delivery mechanism is. We got distracted by the applications and the products. We weren't concentrating on how to make sure that we were efficient in getting that into the user's hands. So, we started emphasising our platform in our delivery and the actual doing the DevOps, and we saw a rapid increase in our software delivery performance. And when you get to this point, where you want to think about delivering anymore, you can concentrate on mission applications that are above your value line.
What structural changes did you implement?
We shifted from a functional structure to a cross-functional product team structure. As we mentioned our focus on usability led to us employing product designers for the first time. We use a balanced team model with product managers, product designers and software engineers focused on lean principles to make sure that we're building and learning the next most valuable thing in the simplest possible way.
We now have 18 product teams all delivering products that our airmen are beginning to love.
How did you change how you work?
We shifted from the traditional Waterfall procurement and delivery models to lean product teams.
Focus on Usability
Traditionally in the DoD you'd have some subject matter expert write a 60 page spec, they farm it out to a defense contractor they'd find some front-end developers to fit everything they could into a screen. Usability was an afterthought. Now, with bringing in user-centered design for the first time, at least in our world, usability is a first-class citizen again.
Traditionally we would finish a software product and give it over to cybersecurity folks, and they would take about a year to 14 months to approve it to go on the network. We're using extreme programming, test-driven development, over 80 % test code coverage and automated release and security pipelines which led to us getting the government's first-ever continuous authority to operate (ATO) to go directly into production every time we iterate, which is multiple times a week at this point.
We're now deploying over 300 times a week to our staging environment and 30 times per month to production. We now average, across all of our teams, 124 days from whiteboard ideation into our classified production environment - our benchmark was 10 years. We're at this point now where deploying is almost a non-event for us, which is where we want to be.
What changes to leadership and culture did you implement?
Google did a study called Project Aristotle, where they focused on the team effectiveness traits that drove teams to be really good performers, and they came up with five things. Dependability, Structure and clarity, meaning of work, impact of work and psychological safety. The first four of these marry up very well with military culture. But the last one, this idea of psychological safety, is the one where we don't have at all. The military is based on this hierarchical top-down leadership, which is imperative to being successful in the battlefield but a really a bad way to build good products.
The whole idea behind uniforms is to strip away your individuality when, in reality, that individuality is what we need to solve complex problems creatively. So we got rid of the uniforms. We got rid of the ranks. You could have a lower enlisted product manager working with a higher-ranking officer, they're talking on a first name basis and they feel free to be safe, to fail, to iterate and free to give you their opinion, which is new for the military.
In the military feedback is inherently negative. If you're getting feedback you did something wrong and we're trying to change that model within our organisation, so people can find their blind spots and want to learn and grow and get better. We knew we had to build a learning culture. It's been difficult but is it something we've been prioritising. Admiral John Richardson, the Chief of Naval Operations, the highest-ranking officer in the Navy said
It's about the team that could bring the people, technology, and processes together to learn the fastest. That's the team that has the advantage.
How to use Secondary Sources to Guide Product Decisions
Secondary sources are a cheap and quick way to enable you to get insights into the experience of customers, their pain points, and their needs.
Shawn Knox Jan 27, 2023 • 6 min read
How Allegro extract insights from data
The main thing that helped me organize my team's research was a framework with three steps; setup, plan and manage. And each step comes with a challenge.
How Pie Insurance overcame the challenge of tight research timelines
Timelines are always tight for research but by using existing data, unmoderated tests, and keeping designs low fidelity you can achieve a lot in a short space of time.
UXDX © 2023


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T-minus 3 hours until my hair cut! AND until me weekend starts! Yippee!
This morning I nibbled on some pretzel nubbins.
I made a sandwich with hummus, swiss cheese, cucumbers, sprouts, and tomato.
I love sandwiches like these where I just feel good eating it.
For extra crunch I had carrot sticks and almond butter on the side.
I've decided to take the plunge and jump on the 'Ask Me Anything' bandwagon. I know its a little lame copying so many wonderful bloggers who started this trend, but I'm really curious to hear what you guys have to ask.
A week with no cereal?


text:
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using ModestTree;

namespace Zenject
{
    public abstract class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext : ISubContainerCreator
    {
        readonly GameObjectCreationParameters _gameObjectBindInfo;
        readonly IPrefabProvider _prefabProvider;
        readonly DiContainer _container;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _gameObjectBindInfo = gameObjectBindInfo;
            _prefabProvider = prefabProvider;
            _container = container;
        }

        public DiContainer CreateSubContainer(
            List<TypeValuePair> args, InjectContext parentContext)
        {
            var prefab = _prefabProvider.GetPrefab();

            bool shouldMakeActive;

            var gameObj = _container.CreateAndParentPrefab(
                prefab, _gameObjectBindInfo, null, out shouldMakeActive);

            if (gameObj.GetComponent<GameObjectContext>() != null)
            {
                throw Assert.CreateException(
                    "Found GameObjectContext already attached to prefab with name '{0}'!  When using ByNewPrefabMethod, the GameObjectContext is added to the prefab dynamically", prefab.name);
            }

            var context = gameObj.AddComponent<GameObjectContext>();

            AddInstallers(args, context);

            _container.Inject(context);

            if (shouldMakeActive)
            {
                gameObj.SetActive(true);
            }

            // Note: We don't need to call ValidateValidatables here because GameObjectContext does this for us

            return context.Container;
        }

        protected abstract void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context);
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabInstaller : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly Type _installerType;
        readonly List<TypeValuePair> _extraArgs;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabInstaller(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            Type installerType, List<TypeValuePair> extraArgs)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerType = installerType;
            _extraArgs = extraArgs;

            Assert.That(installerType.DerivesFrom<InstallerBase>(),
                "Invalid installer type given during bind command.  Expected type '{0}' to derive from 'Installer<>'", installerType);
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller((subContainer) =>
                    {
                        var installer = (InstallerBase)subContainer.InstantiateExplicit(
                            _installerType, args.Concat(_extraArgs).ToList());
                        installer.InstallBindings();
                    }));
        }
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly Action<DiContainer> _installerMethod;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            Action<DiContainer> installerMethod)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerMethod = installerMethod;
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            Assert.That(args.IsEmpty());
            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller(_installerMethod));
        }
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod<TParam1> : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly Action<DiContainer, TParam1> _installerMethod;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            Action<DiContainer, TParam1> installerMethod)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerMethod = installerMethod;
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            Assert.IsEqual(args.Count, 1);
            Assert.That(args[0].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam1>());

            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller((subContainer) =>
                    {
                        _installerMethod(subContainer, (TParam1)args[0].Value);
                    }));
        }
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod<TParam1, TParam2> : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2> _installerMethod;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2> installerMethod)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerMethod = installerMethod;
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            Assert.IsEqual(args.Count, 2);
            Assert.That(args[0].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam1>());
            Assert.That(args[1].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam2>());

            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller((subContainer) =>
                    {
                        _installerMethod(subContainer,
                            (TParam1)args[0].Value,
                            (TParam2)args[1].Value);
                    }));
        }
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod<TParam1, TParam2, TParam3> : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2, TParam3> _installerMethod;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2, TParam3> installerMethod)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerMethod = installerMethod;
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            Assert.IsEqual(args.Count, 3);
            Assert.That(args[0].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam1>());
            Assert.That(args[1].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam2>());
            Assert.That(args[2].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam3>());

            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller((subContainer) =>
                    {
                        _installerMethod(subContainer,
                            (TParam1)args[0].Value,
                            (TParam2)args[1].Value,
                            (TParam3)args[2].Value);
                    }));
        }
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod<TParam1, TParam2, TParam3, TParam4> : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly ModestTree.Util.Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2, TParam3, TParam4> _installerMethod;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            ModestTree.Util.Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2, TParam3, TParam4> installerMethod)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerMethod = installerMethod;
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            Assert.IsEqual(args.Count, 4);
            Assert.That(args[0].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam1>());
            Assert.That(args[1].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam2>());
            Assert.That(args[2].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam3>());
            Assert.That(args[3].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam4>());

            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller((subContainer) =>
                    {
                        _installerMethod(subContainer,
                            (TParam1)args[0].Value,
                            (TParam2)args[1].Value,
                            (TParam3)args[2].Value,
                            (TParam4)args[3].Value);
                    }));
        }
    }

    public class SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod<TParam1, TParam2, TParam3, TParam4, TParam5> : SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabDynamicContext
    {
        readonly ModestTree.Util.Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2, TParam3, TParam4, TParam5> _installerMethod;

        public SubContainerCreatorByNewPrefabMethod(
            DiContainer container, IPrefabProvider prefabProvider,
            GameObjectCreationParameters gameObjectBindInfo,
            ModestTree.Util.Action<DiContainer, TParam1, TParam2, TParam3, TParam4, TParam5> installerMethod)
            : base(container, prefabProvider, gameObjectBindInfo)
        {
            _installerMethod = installerMethod;
        }

        protected override void AddInstallers(List<TypeValuePair> args, GameObjectContext context)
        {
            Assert.IsEqual(args.Count, 5);
            Assert.That(args[0].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam1>());
            Assert.That(args[1].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam2>());
            Assert.That(args[2].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam3>());
            Assert.That(args[3].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam4>());
            Assert.That(args[4].Type.DerivesFromOrEqual<TParam5>());

            context.AddNormalInstaller(
                new ActionInstaller((subContainer) =>
                    {
                        _installerMethod(subContainer,
                            (TParam1)args[0].Value,
                            (TParam2)args[1].Value,
                            (TParam3)args[2].Value,
                            (TParam4)args[3].Value,
                            (TParam5)args[4].Value);
                    }));
        }
    }
}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Super S® Euro SuperSyn™ ACEA C3 Motor Oils are a full synthetic Mid-Saps engine oil formulated to meet the technical requirements of the most demanding automobile manufacturers including General Motors, BMW, Volkswagen, Audi, Fiat, Skoda, Mitsubishi, Renault, Mini, Mercedes-Benz, and Honda Kia. Provides unmatched protection under the most severe conditions including sports driving, city and motorway, off road, and while maintaining the pumping ability for frequent startups. They maintain performance in the harshest conditions and for extended oil drain intervals for use wherever ACEA C3-16 or API-SN/CF or previous motor oil specifications are called for. Euro SuperSyn™ C3 also meets the performance requirements of: Porsche C30, Ford WSS-M2C946-A, Ford WSS-M2C171-E, Renault 0700/0710, VW 504.00/507.00, MB 229.31/229.51, BMW LL-04, Fiat 9.55535-S2, dexos 2, and PSA B71 2288.


text:
Q: Get a list of all unique tags in mongodb I am beginning with mongodb and have a collection with documents that look like the following
{
    "type": 1,
    "tags": ["tag1", "tag2", "tag3"]
}
{
    "type": 2,
    "tags": ["tag2", "tag3"]
}
{
    "type": 3,
    "tags": ["tag1", "tag3"]
}
{
    "type": 1,
    "tags": ["tag1", "tag4"]
}

With this, I want a set of all the tags for a particular type. For example, for type 1, I want the set of tag1, tag2, tag3, tag4 (any order).
All I could think of is to get the tags and add them to a set in python, but I wanted to know if there is a way to do it with mongodb's mapreduce or something else. Please advise.

A: If you just want a (distinct) list of the tags then using distinct will be best. Map/Reduce will be slower and can't use an index for the javascript part.
http://docs.mongodb.org/manual/reference/method/db.collection.distinct/
db.coll.distinct("tags", {type:1}) Will return a set of tags for type=1.

A: You are right, a Map/Reduce might work for what you are trying to accomplish, but a Set might be faster and less code.
> m =     function() {
...         for (var tag in this.tags) {
...             emit(this.tags[tag], 1);
...         }
...     }

> r =     function(key, values) {
...         return 1;
...     }

> db.tags.mapReduce(m, r).find()
{ "_id" : "tag1", "value" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "tag2", "value" : 1 }
{ "_id" : "tag3", "value" : 1 }

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Fifteen potential candidates for presidency — who are they?
A record number of Belarusians, 55, have applied for registration of their initiative groups as candidates at the presidential election. The Central Electoral Commission has permitted 15 applicants to start collecting signatures. If candidates manage to present 100,000 authentic signatures by June 19th, they will be registered as candidates for president of Belarus.
Some candidates' announcement to run for president became surprising for Belarusians, including businessmen and bloggers. A range of expected candidates also received a right to start signatures' collection. Let's take a look at the contenders that expressed their desire to run for presidency.
Team of Protest
Mikalai Statkevich, a candidate for presidency in 2010 and a former political prisoner sought to register as a candidate but was denied. During the last months, he was engaging dozens of people to apply for the registration as "candidates of protest". Thus, around 30 candidates who came to the CEC were associates of Mikalai Statkevich, including his wife Maryna Adamovich. The main reason for their rejection became an insufficient number of authentic members of working groups in the submitted lists, or the same names in the lists of several candidates. Some of the candidates were detained at the court to support those who appealed CEC's decision not to register initiative groups of protest candidates.
Minsk: 'Protest candidates' tried and fined
Single Candidate
The initiative of several opposition parties to elect a single candidate by May 15th was interrupted by the pandemic and by two contenders leaving the race. Out of five candidates at the beginning, only three remained until the last tour. The sophisticated procedure on assigning points for regional travels, online voting, and expert voting was supposed to lead to there being one candidate. However, all three remaining politicians registered their initiative groups and were approved by the CEC. Thus, Yury Hubarevich (Movement for Freedom), Volha Kavalkova (Belarusian Christian Democracy), Mikalai Kazlou (United Civic Party) will try to collect 100,000 signatures by June 19th.
Opposition, farmer, musician
Musician and tattoo master Ales Tabolich presented himself as a Belarusian culture adept who will focus on cultural issues during his campaign. He has one of the smallest working groups among the registered candidates.
An application of Yury Hantsevich, a farmer from the Homiel region who became popular after his Youtube videos and unusual approach to campaigning, has been approved. During the parliamentarian election campaign of 2019, he was organizing electoral meetings with cows and goats.
Hanna Kanapatskaya, one of the two former opposition representatives in the Parliament and former member of the United Civic Party, has been permitted to start signature collection with her group of 1,313 people. Andrey Dzmitryeu is a representative of Tell the Truth campaign, whose leader Tatsyana Karatkevich was the first female candidate for presidency in 2015. His working group was registered. At the CEC meeting, he expressed a view that the number of signatures needs to be lowered to 70,000. Dzmitryeu is a former head of Uladzimir Nyaklyayeu campaign in 2010. In the last few years he was responsible for training and preparing hundreds of Belarusians to work during a political campaign.
Curtain rises: 15 wannabe presidential candidates to start collecting signatures
The CEC also registered Syarhei Cherachan, the leader of Belarusian Social Democratic Party Hramada, who just turned 35 years old that is a lower barrier to be formally allowed to run for presidency. Uladzimir Nyapomnyashchykh, a former policeman and later opposition activist, was also registered.
Veterans of the presidential campaign
Alyaksandr Lukashenka registered his team with around 11,000 in a working group. Aleh Haydukevich's team received a green light for collecting signatures. Aleh Haydukevich is a leader of the liberal-democratic party, and a son of Syarhei Haydukevich who was running for presidency in 2001, 2006, and 2015.
IT-managers, businessmen, and bloggers
One of the unexpected candidates with a registered working group of 147 people was Natallya Kisel, a 51-year-old entrepreneur from Minsk. She is also one of the four women whose applications were approved by the CEC.
Valery Tsapkala, founder of Belarusian High Technologies Park and a former ambassador of Belarus to the US, has surprised Belarusians with his presidential ambitions. He sold his house to be able to finance his election campaign.
Viktar Babaryka has been in the lead of the race so far by the number of working group members – 8,905. Before applying to the CEC, he left his job as a head of Belgazprombank, where he had worked for twenty years. Babaryka collected around 10,000 people willing to join his initiative group just within a few days.
Election commission refuses to register vlogger's initiative group
Syarhei Tsikhanouski, a popular Belarusian Youtuber, ended up in jail for calls to participate in an unsanctioned anti-parade rally on May 9th. He was released from prison earlier than court decision read, just after the deadline for applying to the CEC passed. Even though his working group was not registered because of the absence of his signature, his wife Svyatlana Tsikhanouskaya decided to run. Her initiative group was registered, and the blogger is to coordinate her campaign. At the CEC conference, Svyatlana said she was dreaming about running for presidency her whole life.
What's unique about presidential election 2020?
The popularity of certain unexpected potential candidates signals that this campaign might become the most competitive and diversified in the history of independent Belarus, despite the violation of electoral procedures during the vote count.
The three surveys conducted among readers of newspapers and Telegram channels showed that Viktar Babaryka is leading the polls with more than 40% of the votes, the second and the third place are shared between Tsapkala and Tsikhanouskaya (her husband in the two ratings that were conducted earlier), while Lukashenka received only 3-6%.
Belarus election officials accuse opposition of attempt to pass coronavirus on them
The authorities are clearly speeding the presidential election of 2020. Firstly, the election set for the 9th of August was announced just three months before the election day, giving only six days to apply to the Central Electoral Commission. Collecting 100,000 signatures in Belarus in such a short term in conditions of a pandemic is rather challenging. Therefore, it is clear already now that only some candidates with the biggest initiative groups will succeed in this.
Secondly, the CEC will announce the results of the signature collection between 5th and 14th July, meaning that some candidates will find out about their registration only three weeks before the election day. Such a hurry indicates that authorities attempt to limit opportunities for Lukashenka's opponents for conducting a full-scale election campaign.
Alesia Rudnik for belsat.eu
Tags: election-2020 Minsk
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02:45 Маю права (юрыдычная праграма)
TV Guide for the week


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Q: Who is John Zaozirny?
A: John is a literary manager and producer at Bellevue Productions.
Q: What has John done?
A: John got his start interning at Village Roadshow, which led to his first job working at Leonardo DiCaprio's company, Appian Way. He eventually turned his energies to producing and more recently management at Bellevue Productions, where John currently oversees a slate of over twenty-five film and television projects in various states of development and production.
Q: Where can I find John?
A: Visit John at the Bellevue Productions website and if you'd like to send him a script query, you can email him at info@bellevueprods.com.
John answers 20 Questions about the holidays.
Literary manager and producer John Zaozirny on the unSCRIPTED Podcast.
Literary manager and producer John Zaozirny of Bellevue Productions talks about expanding from production to management, what Bellevue Proudctions' mandate is and what they're looking to develop, writing sellable and producible scripts vs. buzz bait and much more.


Students will live at a University or University-certified residence hall close to the Engineering campus during their stay at the Institute. Each student will be assigned a roommate. If you and a friend will both be attending and would like to room together, you can request to be roommates. Both male and female camp counselors live in the hall with students.
The residence halls serve breakfast, lunch, and dinner. On days when activities do not allow for students to return to to the hall, meals will be provided. There are numerous restaurants on campus from which students can order at their own expense.


Use this delightful Pochacco plastic mug to hold your favorite cold beverages. Lovely design featuring Pochacco holding ice cream and playing with his pal, Piyo.
Part of the Pochacco Ice Cream Collection.


text:
Le Cheval est le septième animal qui apparaît dans le zodiaque chinois, lié au calendrier chinois, par ordre d'arrivée. Sa présence dans ce zodiaque semble résulter de l'influence du bouddhisme indien. Le Cheval est un signe de feu yang, lié au soleil qui, comme les autres signes chinois, a une occurrence de douze ans. La dernière année du Cheval était en 2014 ; la prochaine débutera en 2026.

Le signe du Cheval est tristement célèbre pour ses années du « Cheval de feu », tous les soixante ans, qui s'accompagnent d'une baisse sensible du nombre de naissances de filles en Chine et au Japon. Une croyance populaire veut que les femmes « Cheval de feu » soient destinées à détruire leur mari. Cette croyance n'est évidemment soutenue par aucune donnée scientifique, mais elle crée des problèmes sociaux et démographiques réels.

Histoire
L'arrivée du cheval dans le zodiaque chinois semble provenir de l'influence du bouddhisme indien, dans lequel le cheval fait partie des « sept trésors ». En effet, l'essor de la dimension symbolique du cheval se produit à l'arrivée des écrits bouddhistes en Chine. En Inde, à la même époque, le cheval joue un rôle très important dans les croyances bouddhistes, notamment en tant que Kalkî, dixième et dernier avatar du Bouddha. Cette influence indienne sur la symbolique chinoise se retrouve dans les Ren shen ma tou, des personnages à corps d'homme et tête de cheval gardant certains temples.

Description

Le cheval est le septième des douze signes du zodiaque chinois, correspondant aux douze années que met Jupiter à tourner autour de la Terre. Son élément est le feu et son point cardinal le Sud. Il est considéré comme un signe yang, c'est-à-dire masculin, lié à l'heure de midi et au mois de juin, deux moments où le soleil est particulièrement présent. Comme les autres signes chinois, son occurrence est tous les douze ans.

Liste des années du Cheval de 1930 à 2039

Les personnes nées sous le signe du Cheval auraient une incompatibilité de caractère avec le Rat et le Buffle ; elles s'entendraient par contre très bien avec les personnes des signes Tigre et Chien.

Année du Cheval de feu
Le signe du cheval est également tristement célèbre pour les événements qui se déroulent l'année du Cheval de feu (en japonais Hinoeuma). L'association du signe du cheval et de l'élément feu (association qui arrive tous les soixante ans) est, dans la symbolique chinoise, annonciatrice de grands bouleversements. Plusieurs tyrans et révolutionnaires seraient nés sous le signe du Cheval de feu.

La dernière année du Cheval de feu est 1966. La grande baisse de la natalité constatée cette année-là a attiré la curiosité de nombreux démographes, qui après avoir examiné les possibilités, en sont venus à la conclusion d'une explication par les croyances populaires. L'année du Cheval de feu est associée à une « malédiction astrologique » qui toucherait les filles, selon laquelle elles sont destinées à détruire leur mari mentalement ou moralement, voire physiquement. La difficulté à faire marier les femmes nées Cheval de feu a conduit de nombreux parents à éviter d'avoir un enfant cette année-là. Cette tendance a été accentuée par la publication de magazines chinois en 1966, qui ont colporté et ainsi renforcé cette croyance. La Chine étant en pleine politique de limitation des naissances, l'acceptation sociale en est d'autant facilitée. L'examen de la démographie chinoise depuis 1830 permet de constater que toutes les années Cheval de feu s'accompagnent d'une baisse sensible des naissances, touchant tout particulièrement les filles. Le nombre anormal de naissances de garçons déclarées par rapport aux naissances de filles rend très probable le fait que les parents de filles nées au début et à la fin d'une année Cheval de feu déclarent une fausse date de naissance pour leur enfant. Il est possible aussi que le nombre d'avortements ait sensiblement augmenté, bien que les données manquent pour appréhender ce phénomène en 1966 en Chine.

D'après une étude menée au Japon, le nombre de contraceptions et d'infanticides de filles connaît une nette hausse chaque année du Cheval de feu. Cette superstition a donc des incidences graves et réelles, à la fois sur les enfants et sur l'économie sociale du pays, en raison du déséquilibre créé dans le ratio hommes-femmes. Une autre étude, toujours au Japon, a examiné l'influence de ce signe astrologique chinois sur les femmes japonaises nées en 1966. Ces femmes n'ont aucun désavantage social dans leur vie familiale et professionnelle, par rapport à celles qui sont nées sous d'autres signes chinois.

Célébrations
Comme pour les autres années du zodiaque chinois, celle du Cheval est l'occasion de voir de nombreuses représentations de cet équidé dans les régions où vivent des populations chinoises, et des défilés de rue festifs.

Compatibilité

Notes et références

Annexes

Bibliographie
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Astrologie chinoise
Cheval dans la culture
Monde équestre en Chine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


On the second day at TechEd, the first session I joined had the title "Cool Looking 3D visualizations with Windows Presentation Foundation (WPF)" (Speaker: Dennis Vroegop).
The WPF has a "built-in" 3D-API, and this session showed what you can do with 3D in your business applications. The 3D-API of WPF isn't adequate for great 3D Games. For Games you should use Managed DirectX that has a much better performance than WPF's 3D-API (which is build on a "Media Integration Layer" (Milcore) that is built on top of DirectX). WPF's 3D-API is an easy way to bring some great 3D effects to your business applications. This session showed beside the basics of 3D an example how 3D can be used for a better data representation. The used example showed a 3D map and represented product-data for different locations as 3D-objects.
LINQ to SQL: Accessing Relational Data with Language was the session I joined next, speaker was Luca Bolognese. LINQ to SQL is the easiest way to access a relational database with .NET 3.5. In LINQ to SQL entity classes are mapped directly to tables in the database. For each table a class. To query a database a developer hasn't to know anything about SQL. The query is defined in C# with the LINQ-Syntax introduced in C# 3.0. The SQL sent to the database is generated automatically. Let's look at a very simple example to load some data.
As shown above, the Class Friend maps to the table Friends as specified with the TableAttribute. You could also specify the TableAttribute without setting the Name-Property, then your classname must match exactly the table name in the database. The table Friends in the database contains the columns FriendID, Name and Age. You see exactly the same columns in the Friend class. The ColumnAttribute also has a Name-Property that you can use if your .NET field or property doesn't match the columnname from the table in the database. The column FriendID is additionally marked as primary key. Only those fields/properties you've marked with an ColumnAttribute are persisted in the database and could be loaded from database via LINQ to SQL. Ok, so far we've created a Friend class mapping to a Friends table in the database.
On the received Table-Collection, you can create a query in LINQ. And now there's a big difference to SQL. The query isn't executed by the statement you see below, it's only created.
The query gets executed, when you iterate over it, not before!!!
The SQL generated by the DataContext is shown in the console window below. As you can see in the generated SQL, the data is filtered on the database and not in .NET.
Luca Bolognese said in his session, that Microsoft has tried every possible query and the DataContext was able to create a good SQL statement out of it. The tests have been done by people working for long times in the sqlserver team. Time to try some real complex queries on it and check it out.
What is the benefit of LINQ to SQL, when classes are mapped directly to tables?
The biggest benefit out of LINQ to SQL is that a developer hasn't to know anything about SQL, he can specify and execute his query directly in C#.
Conclusion: I haven't tested real complex SQL statements with LINQ to SQL up to now. Interesting are also things like indexes used by the generated query etc.


** Workshopped for the stage at the Yale School of Drama in December 2013.
A son mourning the death of his father. A couple at the lowest point of their relationship. A mother trying to apologize to her son. All tied together by a waitress who is just trying to get through her shift. Fried Mussels explores the unconscious positive influence that people have on each other, and the effect of the super-positioning and simultaneity of their interactions as they each sit down for dinner at three adjacent tables in the same restaurant.


Use this section to browse our archive of press releases.
This folder contains press releases that pertain to research published in 2018.
Announcements and media alerts for reports.
CRP/PDC Media Advisories and Press Releases.
CRP/PDC Press Releases and Media Alerts for 2013.
Press releases and news briefings from 2012.
Press releases announcing new research in 2019.


text:
Opinion>Technology
SpaceX studies extending the life of NASA's Hubble Space Telescope
by Mark R. Whittington, opinion contributor - 10/09/22 10:00 AM ET
NASA and SpaceX recently announced that they had signed a Space Act Agreement to study the possibility of reboosting and even servicing the Hubble Space Telescope with the Crew Dragon. It's welcomed news for those who care about space exploration and science. Hubble has returned an incredible amount of scientific data, not to mention beautiful images, in the over 30 years it has scanned the heavens.
NASA designed the Hubble Telescope to be serviceable by the space shuttle. The decision was fortuitous when the Hubble's mirror turned out to have a flaw in it soon after it was launched in 1990. The first shuttle service mission in 1993 fixed the flaw and implemented several other enhancements. In all, NASA performed five Hubble service missions, the last taking place in 2009, soon before the space shuttle program ended.
NASA had planned to use the Hubble as long as possible. According to Ars Technica, the space telescope's orbit is slowly decaying.Three out of the Hubble's six gyroscopeshave failed. NASA estimates that the Hubble Space Telescope will have to be retired in a controlled reentry at the end of the current decade.
The SpaceX Commercial Crew program, which replaced the space shuttle to take astronauts to and from the International Space Station (ISS), is in its third presidential administration. After suffering a bumpy start, thanks to Obama administration political missteps and congressional hostility, the initial Commercial Crew flights took place during the final year of the Trump administration. Currently, SpaceX's Crew Dragon is not only keeping the ISS staffed with astronauts, but it has also started to fly private flights, such as last year's Inspiration4. The much-delayed Boeing Starliner is also scheduled to start launching to the ISS in 2023.
Against the backdrop of a successful commercial space industry, SpaceX and billionaire philanthropist Jared Isaacman made NASA an intriguing offer to study the possibility of sending a Crew Dragon to reboost and possibly service the Hubble Space Telescope. NASA and SpaceX signed an agreement to conduct a six-month study for just such a mission.
Isaacman already financed the Inspiration4 mission that raised an incredible amount of money for St. Jude's Children's Research Hospital. He has started a series of Crew Dragon missions called the Polaris Program, the first of which is scheduled to occur in March 2023. A future Polaris mission could visit the Hubble Space Telescope.
If NASA approves a Crew Dragon mission to the Hubble, the iconic space telescope could see 15 to 20 years added to its useful life. That is upwards of two decades more of useful science and mind-blowing images returned for scientific advancement and inspiration for the general public.
A private reboost and servicing mission to Hubble will have several challenges. The space telescope is a delicate instrument and any crew visiting it will have to be careful with it. The space shuttle crews that conducted Hubble servicing missions trained for many months to make sure they would not damage the space telescope. A private mission would entail some measure of risk.
Still, if SpaceX and NASA undertake a Hubble mission, the wisdom of commercializing space travel will have been proven once again. Commercial spacecraft are already keeping the ISS supplied and crewed at a fraction of the cost of NASA's space shuttle. Extending the Hubble Space Telescope's useful life by two decades for a fraction of a space shuttle servicing mission's cost is a compelling notion.
In the rush to end globalization, we're missing critical points Preparing for strategic competition: The need for irregular warfare professional military education
Recently, NASA's James Webb Space Telescope successfully launched and deployed. The James Webb is already returning its own treasure trove of science and images. If the Hubble's life is extended, the two telescopes can work in tandem. The Hubble can image celestial targets in the visible light spectrum. The James Webb can image the same targets in infrared. Together, the Hubble and James Webb telescopes can unlock the secrets of the universe.
Farther in the future, astronauts returning to the moon on private lunar landers such as the SpaceX Starship would be able to erect telescopes on the moon's surface, starting with the Lunar Crater Radio Telescope. Such telescopes would become even greater windows through which humanity's knowledge of the heavens can flow, expanding that knowledge and inciting awe and wonder.
Mark R. Whittington is the author of space exploration studies "Why is It So Hard to Go Back to the Moon?" as well as "The Moon, Mars and Beyond," and "Why is America Going Back to the Moon?" He blogs at Curmudgeons Corner.
Tags Hubble Space Telescope Jared Isaacman Mark R. Whittington NASA Space Technology
More Technology News
Giving lower-income families a hand up will help America compete
by Steve Forbes, Opinion Contributor 6 hours ago
Technology / 6 hours ago
State 'right-to-repair' laws can't take away the rights of digital creators
by Devlin Hartline, Opinion Contributor 1 day ago
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It's time for Elon Musk's Starlink to save the women of Afghanistan
by Mark R. Whittington, opinion contributor 2 days ago
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Russia can't replace Western chips — so it gets them illegally
by Alena Popova, opinion contributor 4 days ago


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Carrie Underwood Helps Induct Kelsea Ballerini Into Grand Ole Opry
posted by Hayden Brooks - Apr 17, 2019
Carrie Underwood helped cement Kelsea Ballerni's place in the country genre by assisting in the induction of the 25-year-old as Grand Ole Opry's newest and youngest member live on Nashville's Opry stage.
On Tuesday night (April 16), Underwood welcomed Ballerini back to the Opry stage, saying, "I want to thank [the Opry] for asking this incredible, talented, smart, sweet, beautiful, woman to be a member. You have accomplished so much in your career, and you will accomplish undoubtedly infinite amounts more in your career and in your life — awards, No. 1s, sales, tours, fans and just all of it — this is better than all of that. This is the heart and soul of country music. The Opry has been and always will be here — the heart and soul of country music, the family. You are in it."
Underwood's sweet introduction brought the two-time Grammy nominee to tears and there are several reasons she appeared so caught up in her feelings. "I think that especially since I moved to Nashville, I had this big dream to do all these kinds of things," she said after the American Idol champ's presentation. "I've rarely looked up. There's rarely been a moment that's made me just stop, take a minute, be grateful and look up. One that I remember is Feb. 14, 2015, and that is when I made my Opry debut. One is right now. I just want to say, that it's so nice and comforting to know that no matter where life takes me, and no matter if the radio stops playing me tomorrow, and whatever happens, I can always come here, and I can always play country music."
Scroll on below to see the big moment between Underwood and Ballerini!
Photo: Twitter/Opry
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text:
No. 1 Tigers have sights set on Victory Field
Don Tincher
dtincher@pal-item.com
HAGERSTOWN, IND. — There isn't a celebration in Hagerstown, but the Tigers are happy to be in the top spot of the latest Class A baseball poll.
"It's just recognition at this point," senior Trey Kelley said. "It's kind of cool right now."
At 7-0 heading into Thursday's home game against Tri-Eastern Conference foe Winchester, the Tigers have several notable wins so far this season that led to the top ranking.
"That kind of all adds together," said Hagerstown coach Brad Catey, who is in his sixth season at the helm. "The guys have enjoyed it."
But the Tigers want more than a ranking, setting their sights on advancing past the regional this season.
"We were close to being able to go all the way," Catey said of last year's 20-5 squad. "We just ran into one really good pitcher."
"These kids work hard in the off-season. They want to get better and be the best that they can be. This year, we're relaxed and we're playing our game. We know we have a chance to do something special. These kids don't want to waste that opportunity."
Hagerstown's 2016 season ended with a 2-1 loss in the regional to Pioneer and pitcher Tucker Waddups.
"We were right on the cusp last year," Kelley said. "It was a difficult loss to take, but I feel like everyone has come back hungrier."
"We have one goal," Kelley added. "To go as far as we can in the tournament. We're working hard to achieve that."
Catey believes that watching the Union City girls basketball team reach the state finals earlier this year and Daleville's baseball team win the championship last season has helped motivate his Tigers.
"They've seen a local team get close," Catey said. "That could have been us (last year). The ultimate goal is Victory Field."
Continued success
One certainty as the season progresses is the pride that all 39 players have in the program that has won nine sectionals and two regionals along with 20 TEC titles, including the past five in a row.
The year's senior class is following the example established by former Hagerstown head coach Lloyd Michael, who was inducted into the Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame in 2008.
"They've been great leaders, and they want it," said Catey, who graduated from Hagerstown in 2000. "I remember being a little league player and Lloyd would come out to watch. I remember saying that I'm going to play for that man."
Michael won 611 games with the Tigers from 1974 to 2010 before he retired and had the field named after him.
"For me, it's just to keep it going," Catey said. "It's always about the program. These guys have bought into it."
Sophomore Grant Vinson is among the players on this year's team that has a family history with the program.
"Growing up, I always played with my uncles," said Vinson, who is the nephew of Nate, Nolan and Ryan Pearson.
Vinson said he's been accepted by his older teammates as he learns what it means to become a Hagerstown baseball player and help carry on the program's legacy.
"It's awesome to get to be with all of my friends and share something special," he said. "They take really good care of us. It makes you feel good. They treat us very well."
Indiana baseball coaches polls
1. Hagerstown
2. Borden
3. Daleville
4. Hauser
5. South Newton
6. Fort Wayne Blackhawk Christian
7. Rossville
8. Jac-Cen-Del
9. Laneville
10. Morgan Township
1. Lafayette Central Catholic
3. South Spencer
4. Indianapolis Cardinal Ritter
5. Austin
6. Heritage Christian
7. Whitko
8. Union County
9. Hebron
10. Knightstown
2. Crawfordsville
3. New Palestine
4. Silver Creek
5. Lawrenceburg
6. West Vigo
7. Western
8. Evansville Memorial
9. Norwell
10. South Bend St. Joseph
2. Fishers
3. Fort Wayne Carroll
4. Fort Wayne Northrop
5. Indianapolis Cathedral
6. Hamilton Southeastern
7. Andrean
8. Floyd Central
9. Columbus East
10. Kokomo