2011 BaconFest in Knoxville, Tennessee – Swine and Dine Event from Enjoy Knoxville on Vimeo.
Check out this awesome video from Swine and Dine! Thanks Brent for sending over. It made me long for that amazing wine and pork!
Posted in Uncategorized | Comments Off on Swine and Dine Video!
On Friday I made this very weird sounding, but SUPER easy and really tasty dip/spread. From it's name, Chunky Cheese Pate, to the ingredients, it is a strange one, but it got eaten right up and was super tasty. It took all of ten minutes to make, which is great for the busy holiday season if you have to bring a little something for a potluck or holiday party. The original recipe from Gourmet, is linked above; below is my adapted version.
Beat first 5 ingredients together. Pat out into a 1/2-inch thick round on a pretty plate. Chill. Pour entire jar of chutney over cheese mixture. Serve with saltine crackers.
This is my favorite place in Paris. It's not fancy, there aren't very many items on the menu, and it's in a pretty touristy area. The thing I like about Paris though, is that I'm a total tourist. I can't speak the language, I barely know my way around, just being there feels like an adventure so I don't feel the need to seek out super hole in the wall places. I've had many meals here. With my family, by myself and now with Mr. Mockingbird. The waiters never seem to change nor does the menu. The food is Alsatian, which is the perfect combination of French and German,. One of my favorite things is that my dinner (above) looks just like the image on the poster (below). The fries here are spectacular, I'm pretty sure the French have a different kind of potato than we do. Mr. Mockingbird got Steak Tartare which was great and rich and seemed like a pound of meat!


Archive with tag: focus clipart images | Sweet Sardinia Focus Clipart.
collection of galleries from Coloring Pages like Focus Clipart. and other designs you might like Love Quotes Coloring Pages For Teenagers. Coloring Pages Hard. Cute Unicorn Coloring Pages. Pets Coloring Pages. Coloring Pages Transformers. Lbi Pirate Ship. Color By Number Pictures.


text:
One of Iran's biggest navy ships sinks after catching fire
By Ramin Mostaghim and Mohammed Tawfeeq, CNN
Updated 9:27 AM EDT, Wed June 02, 2021
Tehran (CNN) One of the largest vessels in the Iranian navy has caught fire and sank in the Gulf of Oman, according to the country's semi-official Fars News Agency.
The blaze on board the huge training and logistical ship -- called the "Khark" -- began early Wednesday morning.
"Despite 20 hours of all-out efforts by Civil and Naval Military Rescue Teams, the rescue operation of the Khark training support vessel was ineffective due to the spread of fire in different parts," Fars said in its report.
The ship sank off the coast of the southern Iranian port of Jask. All crew members were evacuated and there were no casualties, Fars added.
Personnel on the Iranian navy ship that caught fire in the Gulf of Oman.
The cause of the blaze remains unclear. The military vessel was being deployed to international waters for a training naval operation when one of its systems caught fire near Jask, Fars reported.
It had been in service for more than four decades and had taken part in many training operations.
CNN's Ramin Mostaghim reported from Tehran and Mohammed Tawfeeq reported from Baghdad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Shop on Impakter Eco
Shop Eco
Foodscape
Foreign Affairs & Politics
Sustainability Series
SDGs Series
Shape Your Future
2030: Dream or Reality
NGO & Charities
Empower Earth
Empower Equality
SUSTAINABILITY INDEX
Startup-Hub
Global Leaders
Write for Impakter
IMPAKTER Italy
Republishing Content
Environmental Law Cases to Watch Out For in 2021
byEarth.Org
in Environment, Society
From Biden rejoining the Paris Agreement hours after his inauguration to the much-awaited, once-postponed UN Climate Change Conference in Glasgow later this year (COP26), 2021 is already promising to be an eventful year for environmental law. Not only will politicians have their hands full with planning a "green recovery" from COVID-19, courts around the world will soon be hearing cases brought by young activists and environmental organizations to hold corporations and governments accountable for contributing to climate change. Let's take a look at some of the environmental law cases on the docket in 2021 and what favorable rulings could mean. To better understand how this can affect your business, check with an expert like Bob Bratt.
UN Launches Investigation into Global Shipping Industry
2021 has started off with a bang, with the UN's Human Rights Office launching an inquiry into the shipping industry's use of toxic fuels, looking deeper into the human rights abuses seafarers and those impacted by oil spills suffer as a result of exposure to these highly volatile and hazardous chemicals without their prior consent. The UN Special Rapporteur on toxics and human rights is currently collecting submissions from the International Maritime Organization and other shipping stakeholders and will subsequently release a report with recommendations on best practices for the shipping industry to prevent marine and chemical pollution.
This investigation is important, because 90% of goods are transported by ship globally. The ship fuel used in 70% of all ships is called Very Low Sulfur Fuel Oil (VLSFO), a super-pollutant "Frankenstein fuel" made by thinning heavy fuel oil with blends of diesel or kerosene. Although VLSFO was originally introduced to comply with the sulphur cap placed on heavy fuel oil, it in fact emits higher concentrations of black carbon and soot into the atmosphere than heavy fuel oil and was found responsible for shipping disasters like the Mauritius Oil spill in July. Not only is VLSFO worse for the environment, it poses a threat to human rights. VLSFO places seafarers' life at risk by increasing the likelihood of fires, explosions and engine failure and, if spilled, may lead to persistent health issues for coastal communities. The Special Rapporteur's report, although legally non-binding, will provide a standard for the global shipping industry to be held accountable to, whether that be in the court of law or public opinion in the future.
In the photo: Shipping containers. Photo credit: Unsplash.
Youth-Led Climate Activism Surges
Another trend to look forward to in 2021 is youth climate activists around the world suing their governments for violating their constitutional right to life, health and equality by taking insufficient action against climate change. Cases are on foot in the US, Korea and Canada. Of note is the case of Sacchi et al. v Argentina et al. filed in 2019 by Greta Thunberg and 15 other children against Brazil, Argentina, France, Turkey and Germany for violating their rights under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child to the child's best interest by perpetuating climate change, which is still pending before the UN Committee on the Rights of the Child.
It will be interesting to see the results of these cases in the coming year and whether governments will be penalised for their continuing inaction on climate change. Similar youth climate cases have had mixed success in the past in courts. In 2018, the Supreme Court of Colombia ruled in favour of 25 youth activists, who argued that increased deforestation of the Amazon violated their rights to a healthy environment and life. Conversely, in 2020, the Canadian Federal Court dismissed a case brought by 15 youth activists claiming that their constitutional rights to life, liberty and equality were violated by the Canadian government, who had not done enough to prevent climate change, finding that Canada's response to climate change was a purely political matter for the legislature and executive to decide, not the judiciary.
In the photo: Sign at Fridays for Future Global Climate Strike. Photo credit: Unsplash.
Activists Going After Fossil Fuel Companies
Following the success of the Urgenda case in late 2019 – which ordered the Dutch government to cut the country's greenhouse gas emissions by at least 25% compared to 1990 by 2020 – more than 17 000 Dutch activists are renewing their efforts by going after oil giant Shell, asking the court to order Shell to commit to reducing its carbon emissions by 45% compared to 1990 levels by 2030. They argue that Shell, which together with Exxon, BP, and Chevron is responsible for 10% of global carbon emissions since 1965, has been aware of the dangers of climate change for years and is not doing enough to transition away from fossil fuels. Specifically, Shell's policy committing to being a "net zero" emissions company by 2050 by investing in cleaner fuels fails to decrease absolute emission and merely "[tinkers] around the edges," since Shell can simultaneously expand its fossil fuel business while meeting its "net zero" goal. A similar complaint against French oil company Total is on foot.
This case follows the shift away from liability suits requiring corporations to pay damages for polluting the environment, to human-rights based suits, which will ideally hasten the creation of environmental policies and behavioural shifts. If Shell loses, it could send a powerful message to fossil fuel companies, investors and other corporate polluters that businesses have an obligation to ensure their operations and strategy account for climate change and could encourage a flood of litigation in other countries. The verdict in the Shell case will be handed down in May.
Looking Forward to 2021
Whether these pending environmental law cases are ultimately successful or not, they will be a crucial wake-up call for governments and corporations to revisit and strengthen their climate change mitigation and adaptation commitments for the future of humanity and our planet, in 2021 and beyond. The UN COP26 presents a window of opportunity for our leaders to raise their "climate ambitions." We hope that big strides will be made in 2021, as environmental law cases continue to be wielded as a tool to hold our leaders accountable for contributing to climate change.
Editor's Note: The opinions expressed here by Impakter.com contributors are their own, not those of Impakter.com. In the Featured Photo: No Nature, No Future sign at Climate Change Strike. Featured Photo credit: Unsplash.
Tags: ClimateActivismEnvironmentalLawFossilFuelsGlobalShippingIndustry
COVID Vaccines Equity: WHO Gets it, There Are Others Who Don't
Do We Really Have The Right To Be Infected? A Dangerous Misconception of Freedom
Earth.Org
Earth.Org is a not-for-profit environmental organisation based in Hong Kong. It aims to raise awareness about the loss of biodiversity and the deteriorating conditions of natural ecosystems worldwide. It advocates for better governance of natural resources and campaigns for countries to adopt principles of natural capital accountancy into their economic policy making decisions. Leveraging the most cutting-edge technology, Earth.Org aims to present accessible, synthesised and engaging content for educational, advocacy and policy purposes.
Are The Top Listed Companies from S&P 500 Aligned with ESG Criteria?
Future of Europe Series
Anti-abortionist Roberta Metsola is New EU Parliament President
Back Market: The Most Valuable French Startup
Impakter informs you through the magazine and empowers your sustainable lifestyle with its marketplace.
Impakter Platforms
Eco for Sellers
Impakter Pro
© 2021 IMPAKTER. All rights reserved.
ECO Products Shop – Try now!
INDEX – Sustainability Index
UP – Startup Hub
Impakter.com uses cookies to enhance your experience when visiting the website and to serve you with advertisements that might interest you. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. Visit our Privacy and Cookie Policy.


I've just got the latest issues of Albedo 1 (OK, it's from October - I'm a little behind). The editorial talks about the lack of opportunities for international authors to be translated into English and outlines a brilliant plan to rectify this.
The editors have already been in contact with magazines from abroad to arrange an annul mutual story-swap. In the case of Albedo 1, the winner of their Aeon Award will be translated into 4 other langauges and published by the other participating magazines. Albedo 1 will be publishing translations from Dutch and French so far. The organisers are hoping to widen this by including other national awards, or where none exist, a story chosen by the editors of a country's 'national magazine'.
What a brilliant idea! You may have noticed that I'm really excited already about translations. I shall be offering all of my knowledge on the subject to the Albedo 1 team.


text:
using System;
using System.Linq;
//using Octokit;

namespace Marten.Testing.Github
{
    public class GhCommit
    {
        public GhCommit()
        {
        }
        /*
        public GhCommit(GitHubCommit commit)
        {
            Message = commit.Commit.Message;
            if (commit.Author != null) Author = commit.Author.Id;
            if (commit.Files != null) Files = commit.Files.Select(x => new CommitFile(x)).ToArray();

            Additions = commit.Stats.Additions;
            Deletions = commit.Stats.Deletions;
            Total = commit.Stats.Total;
        }
        */

        public int Total { get; set; }

        public int Deletions { get; set; }

        public int Additions { get; set; }

        public int Author { get; set; }

        public string Message { get; set; }

        public CommitFile[] Files { get; set; }

        public Comment[] Comments { get; set; }
    }

    public class Comment
    {
        public Comment()
        {
        }

        /*
        public Comment(CommitComment comment)
        {
            Id = comment.Id;
            Url = comment.Url;
            Body = comment.Body;
            User = comment.User.Id;
        }
        */

        public int User { get; set; }

        public string Body { get; set; }

        public Uri Url { get; set; }

        public int Id { get; set; }
    }

    public class CommitFile
    {
        public CommitFile()
        {
        }

        /*
        public CommitFile(GitHubCommitFile file)
        {
            Filename = file.Filename;
            Additions = file.Additions;
            Deletions = file.Deletions;
            Changes = file.Changes;
            Status = file.Status;
            BlobUrl = file.BlobUrl;
            ContentsUrl = file.ContentsUrl;
            RawUrl = file.RawUrl;
            Sha = file.Sha;
            PreviousFileName = file.PreviousFileName;
        }
        */

        public string PreviousFileName { get; set; }

        public string Sha { get; set; }

        public string RawUrl { get; set; }

        public string ContentsUrl { get; set; }

        public string BlobUrl { get; set; }

        public string Status { get; set; }

        public int Changes { get; set; }

        public int Deletions { get; set; }

        public int Additions { get; set; }

        public string Filename { get; set; }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


We know meeting someone for the first time can be intimidating, and going to a new church for the first time can be nerve-racking. We want to help make your first experience at GodChasers a great one!
GodChasers is Located at 13032 Nacogdoches Rd in San Antonio TX.
Find our location address by clicking here.
Expect... The Love of God, friendly people, great music and a creative relevant message in a "judgment free" atmosphere.
Every service at Gc3 is designed to engage, excite, and empower every person who enters our doors. It's our goal that God's love is expressed in every service. We always have GREAT MUSIC, a relevant teaching, and an AWESOME KIDS PROGRAM!
We LOVE visitors and guests. So feel free to park in our guest parking, say, "This is my first time" to one of our staff members to receive a free gift.
Grab a cup of free coffee and sit where ever you like.
How long is a GodChasers CHURCH service?
Our Services are 75-90 minutes.
Our services are uniquely crafted to have a time of welcome, a time of worship, a time for the word, and wrap-up. It is our goal to have an amazing spirit filled service that is done in enough time for you to go LIVE OUT what you learned.
While we have surrendered our agenda and our schedule to the spirit, our plan is always to release service within 90 minutes.
We care about you... Not what you're wearing. So there is no "fashion show" at GodChasers. We believe that the primary purpose for gathering together is to amplify our praise not compare our outfits. Our atmosphere is exciting and casual. We want everyone to join in our worship experience. We want you to be comfortable when you worship.
So, we ask everyone to dress comfortably. If Jeans and a T-Shirt are comfortable to you, wear it. If you prefer a suit and tie, wear it. Our dress code is simple... Wear Clothes!
We believe that kids should have a blast at church every single week - and we design our GKids programs for just that. The other thing we make a priority is your children's safety. Because of that, we have a detailed check-in process for our GKids program the first time that you visit. You'll want to leave yourself an extra few minutes to get signed in for the GKids experience.
Our volunteers will monitor the halls during the service. Babies and toddlers are cared for by loving volunteers. There's a preschool room and Kids' Church for grades 0 through 12.
Ready to check out GodChasers Church in person? We can't wait to meet you in person. Simply fill out the form below and we'll make sure to give you the VIP treatment upon your first visit.


text:
Justin Bieber, Robert Pattinson Make People's Most Beautiful List 2010
Katy Perry, Zoe Saldana also make the annual list in this week's issue.
Teen heartthrob [artist id="3187077"]Justin Bieber[/artist] has managed to find his way onto People's Most Beautiful List for 2010, alongside such longtime fan-favorite superstars as Julia Roberts and Daniel Craig.
What makes Bieber so beautiful? Well, maybe it has something to do with his "swoosh" hairstyle. "I spend five minutes on it," he explained. "I use shampoo, conditioner — basically whatever is in the hotel — and blow-dry. It's part of my image. It's not who I am."
People Magazine's Most Beautiful
Channing Tatum also makes the grade in the issue. And it's not just his emotional performance in "Dear John" that makes the girls swoon — he also works hard for his abs of steel, which he like to supplement with massages. "Do I get massages? Hell yeah, I get massages!" he said about his workout regimen. "Are you kidding me? I wanna get one right now! Where's a masseuse?"
Fellow action star Zoe Saldana is also on the list. The "Avatar" actress said that she's discovered some tricks for looking perfect on the red carpet. "I have learned to have at least one arm on my waist," she said. "And I have also learned not to talk when I'm am posing."
Scarlett Johansson described her simple tools for staying beautiful: "red lipstick and sandwiches."
Jake Gyllenhaal made the cut, as did Jennifer Aniston, Bradley Cooper and Katy Perry. Perry told the magazine her fiancé, Russell Brand, makes her feel good about how she looks. "I didn't feel very beautiful without a ton of makeup. When I have no makeup on, which is rare, he tells me I look like the most beautiful girl in the world."
Other stars on the list include Amanda Seyfried, Jennifer Lopez, "Gossip Girl" star Jessica Szohr and Robert Pattinson, who spoke about his vampy look in the "Twilight Saga." "Having that makeup put on every single day, as soon as you get it taken off it's like, 'Oh, you do look normal,' " he recalled. "You look healthy now."
Who else do you think should be on People's Most Beautiful List? Tell us in the comments!
For young Hollywood news, fashion and "Twilight" updates around the clock, visit HollywoodCrush.MTV.com.


text:
Stargazing Event at Dalriada
Administrator Science 0 Comments
Dalriada School hosted a very successful 'Stargazing' evening, where the Irish Astronomical Society visited us with three telescopes and a mobile planetarium. This event was held in conjunction with the BBC Astronomy fortnight.
It was fortunate that the clouds parted for a couple of hours so that pupils, parents, and other guests had the opportunity to view mesmerising views of the Moon, and also Jupiter with four of its largest moons. We then attended a 'Star Show' presentation in a large mobile planetarium, where we learned about many interesting astronomy topics. This was presented by Paul Evans, of the BBC.
Dalriada's Young Entrepreneurs
Administrator Business Management Team 0 Comments
The Dalriada Team of Jordan Bamford, Campbell Hunter, Duncan Pollock and Tony Iannelli were Runners up in Northern Irelands Global Entrepreneurship competition.
On Monday 15 November, the start of Global Entrepreneurship Week 2010, Dalriada School and young people from post-primary schools and further education colleges across Northern Ireland took part in the Go For It Challenge. Each team who entered brainstormed ideas and used their skills and knowledge to come up with a viable business plan based on the theme of "get creative in today's digital environment". The overall winner in the 14-16 age groups was Thornhill College with Megabite, software for ordering lunch in school. Runners up were Dalriada with the OMD, Optical Media Device. All shortlisted teams who went to W5 to present their idea received £50 high street vouchers for each team member. The winning team won £1,000 for their school or college and £100 of high street vouchers for each team member. The Dalraida team won £500 for the school and an additional £50 of high street vouchers for each team member. A very successful and profitable day! Dalriada's presentation was praised for 'obvious teamwork and a confident approach to questions'.
Report written by Jordan Bamford
Top class Inspection Report for Dalriada.
Administrator Uncategorised 0 Comments
The Educational and Training Inspectorate has recently published a report of our October Standard Inspection. Their report highlights the main strengths of the school and is extremely positive, it particularly recognises
"the outstanding quality of the pastoral care provision and the highly effective links which support the academic and the pastoral needs of all the pupils"
If you would like to view the full report, click on the link below.
Standard Inspection for Dalriada School Ballymoney
Twelfth Night at Dalriada – Review
Tudor Christmas festivities traditionally lasted from All Hallows to the Epiphany in January; the final evening was a time of merry making, disorder and musical interludes and the spirit of that occasion was perfectly captured in Terry Hunter & Rachel Millican's thoroughly enjoyable production of "Twelfth Night" which ran from 1st – 4th December, 2010 at Dalriada School.
Dalriada's Amazing Reading Challenge!
Administrator Reading / Book Club 0 Comments
Today Dalriada School had 2024 reasons to celebrate reading, after pupils read their way through hundreds of books to rise over £2,024 to support a local children's cancer charity.
During October the school took part in the Northern Ireland Cancer Fund
for Children's (NICFC) sponsored ReadOn initiative, which challenges pupils to read as many books as possible in a week, to help local children living with cancer.
Double Double, Lots of Toil and not much Trouble . . . for Junior Drama Club!
'The Scottish Play' was brought to life this term when Junior Drama Club decided that Shakespeare deserved its attention. With Marcus McLean as a convincing Macbeth and Laura Abernethy's haunting performance as Lady Macbeth, the plot unfolded for the Year 9 audience in the John Armstrong Hall. The performance in the round gave our young actors the new experience of having audience on three sides and they coped admirably. Emma Jones as Banquo, Calum Telfer as Duncan and Aoife Cameron-Mitchell as Macduff kept us all intrigued from beginning to end, while the three witches, Megan Myer, Constantine Arnscheidt and Kamila Marszalek created a tangible sense of the sinister by infiltrating almost every scene. The Scottish Thanes Jonah Myer, Sam Gault and David Willis along with Lily Meldrum and Rachel Beckett who played Duncan's sons, Gage McAlister as Fleance and Andreas Karmiotis, the Porter, all told the story of Macbeth's downfall with energy, pace and obvious enjoyment. Well done to every member of the cast and a big thank you, too, to Thomas Hancock our prompt.
Drama Club is now starting a new programme with a new intake of pupils, so if you are in Years 8-11 come along to B5 at lunchtime on Tuesdays. We look forward to you getting involved in our next performance!
2010 Volleyball Season off to a good start!
Administrator Volleyball 0 Comments
After a tense two days and 10 matches for our Under 16 Volleyball teams, the Year 11 Girls recorded their first win yesterday and the Boys also had a win against Markethill.
The Year 12 girls emerged victorious over Markethill, Craigavon and St. Mary's, Lurgan. Captain Kerry Kirkatrick and her girls remain undefeated in all of their games so far and having beaten last years Northern Ireland Champions they are odds on favourite with three matches left. Congratulations!!!
In the Under 18 section Dalriada Girls also top their table having beaten off all opposition so far including last years champions Armagh.
Coaches Dr Walker and Mr Nelson are hoping for a repeat of 2008 when both girls teams qualified for the All-Ireland finals and went on to win.
Dalriada National Bar Mock Trial winners
Administrator Bar Mock 0 Comments
On Saturday 20th November the Bar Mock team travelled to the High Court to compete in the Belfast heat of the Bar National Mock Trial Competition.
Soroptimist International Public Speaking competition
On Thursday 18th November, a team of six Dalriads competed in the annual Soroptimist International Public Speaking competition. It was held in the Tweed Conference Room of the Robinson Hospital in Ballymoney, and was a very enjoyable evening for all who attended. The girls gave their views on a wide range of topics, including Facebook, Beauty and the Welfare State. After a very high standard of speeches were delivered, the judges took time to deliberate while the nervous pupils enjoyed some light refreshments. Congratulations to Annabeth McDowell who placed second overall after speaking about Facebook, Abigail Curry who spoke about Beauty and placed joint third and all the girls that took part. Thank you to Ms Timmins for arranging the evening and practising and perfecting the speeches with the girls.
Abigail, Rebekah and Annabeth, Year 12.
Dalriada beat Campbell again!
Dalriada beat the highly rated and ranked Campbell College in a thrilling game 20 -18 in Belfast. The game really emphasized that this Dalriada team has the ability to beat any of the school sides in Ulster and the victory was built on skill, intelligence and sheer will not to give up when down.
The benefit of the tour to Gloucester shone through; the confidence gained by taking on the best in the four nations at school's level meant that no team in Ulster is really feared. What makes this victory so outstanding is that it came from being 18-3 down. John Laughlin hit several good kicks and couple of tries from Johnny McMullan, one a trade mark interception brought the score to 18-17 and with only time on the clock for one more play, Dalriada patiently took the ball through the phases right up to the Campbell try line. This same scenario was played out the previous week against Neath on the Gloucester tour, one score one play left. That day the side kept the ball through fourteen phases got over the line but could not ground it. However on Saturday the drama unfolded with a different outcome.
Once possession was secured the Dalriada forwards and backs showed great skill to keep the ball and to work the position up close to the Campbell try line for Ben Henderson to coolly slot the drop goal to win the game, a mark of the maturity and confidence the team possess. The forwards in particular fronted up to the bigger pack and quite rightly for his work rate, Sam Kyle was awarded man of the match
The victory will give the side the confidence for the next few weeks in the lead up to School's cup and Dalriada will again enter the Cup at the third round.


text:
El río Dubawnt  es un largo río de Canadá, el principal afluente del río Thelon que discurre por los Territorios del Noroeste y el Territorio Autónomo de Nunavut. El río tiene una longitud de 842 km, aunque sus fuentes están más alejadas que las del río Thelon, de modo que el sistema Dubawnt-Thelon alcanza los 1.280 km (en comparación con los 904 km del propio Thelon). Drena una cuenca de 57.500 km² (mayor que países como Togo, Croacia o Costa Rica).

El río Dubawnt tiene su origen a 120 km al noreste del gran lago Athabasca, en los Territorios del Noroeste. Atraviesa los lagos Wholdaia (609 km²), Boyd, Barlow, Nicholson, Dubawnt (3.833 km²), Wharton, Marjorie y finalmente desemboca en el lago Aberdeen, que es drenado por el río Thelon.

El río fue descubierto por Samuel Hearne en 1770, pero no fue explorado en detalle hasta 1893, en una investigación completa de Joseph Burr Tyrrell.

El nombre del río proviene de la palabra en chipewyan tobotua, que significa «orilla de agua» y que muy probablemente se refiriera a las aguas que quedan entre la costa y el hielo del centro del lago a finales de primavera.

Notas

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 (en inglés) Dubawnt River at Outlet of Marjorie Lake - Pegelmessung 1968-2000
 (en inglés) Dubawnt River Below Marjorie Lake - Pegelmessung 1962-1966

Dubawnt
Dubawnt
Dubawnt

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This ebook is a transparent and simple consultant to research of variance, the spine of experimental learn. it's going to allow you to interpret statistical effects and translate them into prose that might essentially inform your viewers what your information is asserting. that will help you get to grips with the suggestions utilized in research of variance, there are many end-of-chapter perform issues of instructed solutions. As lifestyles within the laboratory doesnt continuously stick to a script, there are either new and verified thoughts for dealing with occasions that deviate from the norm. facts research isn't a closed topic, so there are execs and cons for the numerous events you'll come across. the ultimate bankruptcy provides the 1st uncomplicated presentation of useful dimension, or info integration concept, a strategy equipped upon research of variance that could be a robust strategy for learning cognitive tactics. The accompanying CD includes CALSTAT, research of variance software program that's effortless to exploit (really!). as well as courses for normal research, the software program comprises a number of really expert workouts that experience heretofore been awarded in basic terms in journals. Analysis of Variance is a crucial source for college students and execs within the social, behavioral, and neurosciences.
This ebook offers a accomplished advent to the idea and perform of diagnostic class types (DCMs), that are important for statistically pushed diagnostic choice making. DCMs should be hired in quite a lot of disciplines, together with academic review and medical psychology. For the 1st time in one quantity, the authors current the foremost conceptual underpinnings and methodological foundations for employing those versions in perform.
Size performs a primary function either in actual and behavioral sciences, in addition to in engineering and expertise: it's the hyperlink among summary versions and empirical truth and is a privileged approach to accumulating info from the true global. Is it attainable to improve a unmarried concept of dimension for some of the domain names of technology and know-how within which size is concerned?
For numerous generations humans were instructed that their capability as people is restricted and essentially unequal. The social order, they've been guaranteed, is prepared through powers past their regulate. extra lately the attraction has been to biology, particularly the genes, mind sciences, the concept that of intelligence, and strong new applied sciences.
This complaints quantity compiles and expands on chosen and peer reviewed shows given on the 81st Annual assembly of the Psychometric Society (IMPS), equipped via the college of North Carolina at Greensboro, and held in Asheville, North Carolina, July eleventh to seventeenth, 2016. IMPS is without doubt one of the greatest foreign conferences targeting quantitative size in psychology, schooling, and the social sciences, either when it comes to members and variety of displays.


text:
The spiny shell, colloquially known as the blue shell, is a power-up item in the Mario Kart video game series. Originating in 1996's Mario Kart 64 and featured in every main entry of the series since then, the blue shell, when used, aims directly at the racer in first place, stopping them on impact. The blue shell acts as a "catch-up" mechanic, with racers ranked towards the bottom having a better chance of it spawning when driving into item boxes, giving them a better chance at diminishing the lead of the racer in top position. In addition to the Mario Kart series, the blue shell appeared in the Super Smash Bros. series from 2001's Melee onwards (it has been directly featured as a power-up item from Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS and Wii U onwards), and in Mario Hoops 3-on-3.

The blue shell was originally impossible to stop or dodge once fired, until 2001's Mario Kart: Super Circuit and subsequent games allowed ways for the targeted racer to do so, albeit only with combinations of precise timing and specific items. As it is likely to spawn at least once during a race, the power-up item has earned a reputation of frequently destroying a player's lead, or suddenly ruining their chances of winning. Because of this, the blue shell has largely come to be seen as one of the best and most famous, yet also one of the most enraging items in video game history.

History
The Mario series features some visually similar figures which predate the blue shell, such as the red Spinies from the original Super Mario Bros. (1985) and blue Koopa Troopas from Super Mario World (1990).

In Mario Kart 64, only the last place racer can obtain the blue shell. Since the release of Mario Kart: Double Dash!!, the series sees the blue shell being more common to characters closer to the lead (if the leader pulls away from the rest of the pack), and in all releases prior to Mario Kart 7, it is unable to hit characters on its way to the lead, as it flies above the track using wings rather than gliding upon its surface.

There are few techniques possible in some Mario Kart games to evade a blue shell, such as using a timed boost from a Mushroom item in Mario Kart DS onwards. In Mario Kart 8, it is possible to use a Super Horn to destroy blue shells. A toy model of the blue shell is included in the limited edition package of Mario Kart 8.

Development
In a 2011 interview with Kotaku, Hideki Konno, who directed Super Mario Kart and Mario Kart 64, was asked about the blue shells inclusion in the series. He stated that it was introduced in Mario Kart 64 to keep players together due to the limited processing power of the Nintendo 64 and that "we wanted to create a race where everyone was in it until the end." In a 2017 interview with Eurogamer, Kosuke Yabuki, the director of Mario Kart 7 and Mario Kart 8, said that Nintendo has experimented with removing the blue shell from the games, but "it feels like something's missing. Like there's something not quite enough in the game. So for now we've kept it in."

Reception
The blue shell is known as a random element with harsh consequences, which is difficult to evade. As a "hazard that strips certainty and authority", Ian Bogost of Gamasutra called Mario Kart blue shell the "most profoundly existentialist element of the Mario canon", disruptive to "the entire logic of this familiar fantasy universe." Alex Langley's The Geek Handbook names as one of Mario Kart 8 greatest frustrations, to be hit by a blue shell shortly before reaching the finish line.  David Murphy from PCMag and Jamie Andrew from Den of Geek both called the Blue Shell the "Blue Shell of Death". In 2017, Keith Stuart of The Guardian included the blue shell as one of the "11 greatest video game objects" in history, calling it "the most controversial item in the Mario universe."

Calling it "The Great Equalizer" for its enhancement of the elements of struggle and luck, Kotakus Nathan Grayson considered the blue shell to be the most despised, and best, item of the Mario Kart series. Kotakus Yannick Le Jacq considered the blue shell to be the most notable and game-changing among Mario Kart "most notorious" items, adding that this made it "a lot more fun" to use in Super Smash Bros. for 3DS and Wii U too.

Nintendo Power called the use of a Mushroom to dodge a blue shell a "defining moment" of gameplay in Mario Kart Wii. Maxwell McGee of GameSpot considered the ability to destroy the "dreaded" blue shells with a new item, the Super Horn, to be a particularly exciting feature of Mario Kart 8.

References

Fictional weapons
Video game objects
Mario Kart
Fictional elements introduced in 1996


text:
Q: How presentViewController works when called on viewController or on NavigationController? What are the pros and cons of below two approaches of presenting View Controller ? What's the difference ?
 UIViewController *abcVC = [self.storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"abcVC"];

 [self presentViewController:abcVC];

or
 UIViewController *abcVC = [self.storyboard instantiateViewControllerWithIdentifier:@"abcVC"];
 [self.navigationController presentViewController:abcVC];

A: The first method, you mention will work only when the parent view controller is not having the navigation controller,
The second method you mention will work only when the parent view controller is the navigation controller,
but both method will present the view controller,

A: Correction here [self presentViewController:abcVC]; is deprecated method and new one is
[self presentViewController:abcVC animated:YES completion:nil];.
Both above mentioned will do same thing and you don't need to use self.navigationController to present a controller modally.
UINavigationController manage a stack of controllers and thats why we use it for push and pop purpose.Use UINavigationController if you need to push a controller and you want a native back button to switch back to previous controller.
i hope this will help you.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Five Mile Action Committee
Five Mile Action Committee monitors the water pollutants in the Locust Fork of the Black Warrior River, in Alabama.
Rocky Mountain Environmental Health Association
RMEHA.org is an On-Line Clearinghouse for information and resources about Environmental Illness, Multiple Chemical Sensitivity, Chemical Hypersensitivity, Total/Universal Allergies, Environmental Injuries, Gulf War Syndrome, and other related conditions. The site also contains news and information about RMEHA, including upcoming meetings, along with a registration form for joining RMEHA.
Bioengineering Action Network
Bioengineering activist's site on strategy and tactics.
Investigations into a wide variety of issues relating to bioengineering and biopiracy.
National Environmental Data Index
The National Environmental Data Index provides direct access to environmental data and information descriptions, and thereby, improves awareness of and facilitates access to data and information holdings.
Centro de Investigación, Información, y Documentación de los Pueblos Indígenas
El centro es parte del Instituto Nacional Indigenista (INI) y es responsable de compilar, clasificar y difundir información y documentos sobre las culturas indígenas de México. El sitio ofrece información sobre la amplia colección del INE de libros, vídeos, mapas, fotografías y cassettes musicales todos enfocados a los indígenas.
Indian Circle Web Ring
Indian Circle is a ring connecting the Internet web pages of federally recognized American Indian Tribes.
From Indian Circle, one will be able to reach most American Indian Tribes on the Internet.
Este sitio ofrece una lista completa de las tribus indígenas en los Estados Unidos reconocidas por la federación, información sobre convenios sobre apuestas, enlaces a sitios del internet de tribus, y enlaces a periódicos y revistas indígenas. Es un buen punto de partida para investigar cualquier asunto indígena.
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights site provides documents on international rights of indigenous peoples. Reports and draft documents of the UN-created Working Group on Indigenous Populations are on this site.
Este sitio ofrece documentos sobre derechos internacionales de los indígenas. También ofrece reportes y borradores de documentos del Grupo de Trabajo de las Naciones Unidas sobre Indígenas.
Native Americans and the Environment
This site is a nonprofit project to promote education and research on environmental problems facing Native American communities and to encourage conservation measures that respect Native American land and resource rights. The site provides access to thousands of Internet links and full-text published documents dealing with Native American environmental issues.
NativeWeb
The purpose of NativeWeb is to provide a space on the Internet for indigenous peoples. Currently the site focuses on indigenous groups in the Americas, but it will soon contain information about indigenous peoples around the world. At this site you can find a list of resources, contacts, and links to indigenous communities.
Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN) Acuerdo de Cooperación Ambiental
Este sitio brinda acceso a el texto completo en castellano de los acuerdos ambientales del TLCAN.
Borderlands Environmental Archives
Planeta.com's Borderlands Environmental Archives provide information for the region shared by both the United States and Mexico. Coast to coast this region contains a variety of ecosystems and local environmental priorities. The information in this section varies from practical field guides to academic work.
Center for Environmental Information and Statistics (CEIS)
CEIS is the Environmental Protection Agency's new public access to data on environmental quality, status, and trends. The information is divided into three sections. The Environmental Profiles section provides information on many environmental indicators for each state, county, and region in the United States. The Digital Library of Environmental Quality section lets you search and link to selected EPA reports on environmental quality and other environmental reports at the global, national, regional, and state levels. The Environmental Atlas section offers full-color national and state maps covering a wide range of natural resources.
This website was created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services to improve consumer health-information access to federal, state, and local agencies, nonprofit organizations, and universities.
EXtension TOXicology NETwork
EXTOXNET is a cooperative effort of University of California-Davis, Oregon State University,Michigan State University, Cornell University, and the University of Idaho providing a variety of information about pesticides. Access the Pesticide Information Profiles (PIPs) for specific information on pesticides.
Dam-Reservoir Impact and Information Archive
Information on dams, water diversions, impoundments, and hydroelectric projects and their impacts around the world.
Earthfirst Journal
The journal features articles on the preservation of biological diversity and wilderness rehabilitation; essays exploring Deep Ecology topics; infamous letters to the editor; major investigative pieces on multi-national corporations; and ongoing discussion on ecodefense tactics such as monkeywrenching and ecotage.
Solar Harvest
Solar Harvest is a Helena Montana based organization that promotes the use of alternative energy and advocates sustainable living in Montana and the mountain West states.
FICUS Network
The FICUS Network provides unprecedented access to information about the state of Florida and the Caribbean. Its primary focus is to provide a comprehensive site for architectural, planning, environmental, and educational communities.
Frogwatch USA
Frogwatch USA is an educational, long-term frog and toad monitoring program coordinated by the US Geological Survey`s Patuxent Wildlife Research Center. Frogwatch USA recruits volunteers to complement other ongoing local, national, and global amphibian monitoring efforts.
Chemical Hazard Community Watch
Chemical Hazard Community Watch is a guide to essential resources and links to inform and educate on issues of chemical hazards in our communities.
Texas Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility (PEER)
Texas Public Employees for Environmental Responsibility is a local chapter of a national alliance of local state and federal resource professionals. PEER works with public agency professionals to promote environmental ethics, sound resource management and government accountability.
centinelas / deschavadores
World Information Service on Energy
World Information Service on Energy is an anti-nuclear, grassroots oriented resource center. Its site provides good international nuclear energy information and updates.
Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection
The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection's mission is to protect Pennsylvania's air, land and water from pollution and to provide for the health and safety of its citizens through a cleaner environment.
Pittsburgh Clean Cities
Pittsburgh Clean Cities' mission is to improve the air quality and facilitate energy independence by encouraging and accelerating the use of alternative fuel vehicles in the Pittsburgh Metropolitan Region.
EnviroLink
EnviroLink is a non-profit organization and a grassroots, online community that unites hundreds of organizations and volunteers around the world with millions of people in more than 150 countries. EnviroLink is dedicated to providing the most comprehensive, up-to-date environmental resources available.
« first‹ previous…456789101112…next ›last »


Krygier. According to the notes, Three versions of this title exist.
The Guide notes no distinctions, and lists the dates as 1934-1970.
(1) What date range actually had the appendix?
(2) What information did the appendix contain?


* Recover Photos/SMS/Contacts/Videos/Audios/Docs and more on Your Android Device.
* Support Samsung, HTC, LG, Sony, Motorola and other 500+ Android Phones, tablet and External SD Card.
* Deeply scan & preview & recover any deleted files from Android.
No matter what happened to your Android devices, such as rooted, accident deletion, damaged, broken, factory restore reset or broken, etc. This best Data Recovery for Android has the capability of recovering deleted files from android. It can help you recover any data from Android phone with few clicks. It works well to retrieve contacts, messages, call logs, message attachments, gallery, photos, videos, audios and more documents on Android phones/tablets or external SD card.
The professional Android Data Recovery Software can recover deleted and lost files for most popular Android brands, such as Samsung Galaxy s5/s6/note 5, HTC M8/M7, LG, Sony, Motorola, Google phone, ZET, Huawei and more Android phone and tablets.
Supported Android OS: Android 2.0 and later versions (including Android 6.0 Marshmallow) are fully compatible.
Internal SD memory card: Files deleted or disappeared from internal memory and SD card are restorable from Android device freely.
This powerful Android File Recovery will show all scanned files in categories, and then you can preview all the recoverable data in details before recovering. All the data will be scanned out, including the lost data and the existing ones. They will display in different colors, lost data is in red color and existing ones are in black, so you can easily recover what you want.
With the highest recovery rate in the industry, user-oriented design, wide capacity, and 100% security, 7thShare Android Recovery can recover lost files from Android device in only 3 easy steps: connect device to PC, scan files, preview and recover deleted files from Android devices. It is quite efficient to recover deleted or lost files from Android devices or SD cards.


When one checks out the altered models of cartier replica Swiss replica watches that are accessible in the market,they will be amazed.Just anticipate about any accounted cast of Swiss watch and you can be abiding that there is a Swiss replica watches accessible in that archetypal too.Yes,do not apprehend your Swiss replica watches to accommodate absolute adornment or accept replica watches uk a case fabricated of gold.For that you charge to acquirement the absolute stuff,but contrarily Swiss replica watches serve the purpose fine.The craftsmen who actualize these Swiss replica watches use the aforementioned machineries that are acclimated for accomplishment the aboriginal ones,appropriately the superior is unsurpassed.A few years back,these watches were not so accepted because they did not advance the actual time.What is alluring a ample amount of barter to chanel replica replica shoes is their availability.A seek on the internet reveals sites that accord with specific appearance houses handbags.You can seek for replica handbags by designer.Spending beneath than two hundred dollars to get a replica backpack appeals to a amount of women.Therefore,the replica handbags business flourishes.Women who dior replica cannot allow or do not wish to absorb a baby affluence on a backpack can now buy a dozen louis vuitton replica.In all honesty,if a woman is walking down the artery with a 18-carat artist backpack or a replica handbag,who can acquaint the difference? Hardly anyone!Analysis out the advanced ambit of louis vuitton replica They do not amount the apple and a lot of gucci replica humans can calmly allow added than one.If you so want,you can accept added than a dozen of them and yet do not feel the pinch.Some humans are accounted to accept added than a dozen models of louis vuitton replica these louis vuitton replica with them.
But, hip hop type will never take a look at dress by themselves; it happens to be much better from many rolex replica uk fashion accessories along the lines of good sized sunglasses, big designate tickets constructed from old watches installing because of eating places, not to mention different extra; with the help of substantial charms implying large choice not to mention reputation. Within final of this 80s era, hip hop type, charms, not to mention hair do shown traditionalchanel outlet Photography equipment community. Africa eating places, blousy pants, inflammed, charcoal not to mention renewable dress, not to mention dreadlocks are donned from rappers along the lines of MC Retracted. As soon as 90s rolled through, ice skating hats, neon dress perhaps even carrying shirts or dresses in reverse had become the ultra-modern fad. Hip hop type for the purpose of each gender had become completely different; individuals on going carrying blousy pants and / or baggy a pair of jeans, sunlight not to mention cartier replica sale substantial workboots, whereas a lot of women began to slip on tight a pair of jeans. But, a lot of women changed typically the men form from carrying these products, not to mention putting in some ladys reach, along the lines of being dressed in lips high shine not to mention create. Labels prefer Dickies, Toss Taylors, not to mention Raiders given in the popularization from chanel replica pants, boots, not to mention ice skating hats, respectively. Perhaps even Chanel attached through, highlighting devices carrying typically the time honored take a look from hip hop: charcoal leatherette layers not to mention old watches eating places, and / or charcoal suits with the help of silver antique eating places. A big switch in your hip hop market was basically typically the 90s reception from hublot replica sale the fashion sorts of st thugs not to mention gangsters, among them prisoners.
There is the site where you would get free unlimited hacking tools cheats of monster warlord hack no download at zero cost than click here.
club penguin free membership codes is first time provided generator codes at zero penny than visit here.
The 1934 FIFA World Cup was the first World Cup where the teams had Cortez Yoth to qualify, since the Nike Dunk SB Mens first edition in 1930 had no qualification rounds (the participating teams were invited by FIFA). This time, a total of 36 teams entered the competition, so FIFA had to organize qualification (or preliminary) rounds to reduce the field to 16 teams for the final tournament. Even Italy, the host of the World Cup, had to qualify (the only time the hosts had to qualify, Nike Shox TLX Mens Shoes and one of only two occasions the hosts have ever taken part in the qualification process), while the defending champions Uruguay refused to participate and defend their title because many European nations declined to take part in the 1930 World Cup held in Uruguay.
Group 12 Africa and Asia: 1 place, contested by 3 teams (including ).
A total of 27 teams Dunk SB Low Cut played at least one qualifying match. A total Womens Air Jordan 6 of 27 qualifying matches were played, and 141 goals were scored (an average of 5.22 per match).
Group 1 had 3 teams. The teams played against each other once. The group winner would qualify.
Groups 2, 3 and 5 had 2 teams each. The teams played against each other on a home and away basis. The group winners would qualify.
Group 4 Air Jordan Mens Sandals Shoes had 4 teams. The teams played against each other twice. The group winner and runner up would qualify.
Groups 6, 7 and 8 had 4 teams each. The Nike Shox TLX Mens Shoes teams played against each other once. The group winners and runners up would qualify.
Groups 9 and 10 had 2 teams each. The group winners would qualify.
First Round: Haiti played against Cuba in three matches at home. The winner would advance to Nike Dunk Low Cut the Second Round.
Second Round: Mexico played against the winner of the First Round in Designer Shoes three matches at home. The winner would advance to the Final Round.
Final Round: USA played against the winner of the Second Round in a single match on neutral ground. The winner would qualify.
Group 12 had 3 teams. After before the matches began, the remaining 2 teams played against each other on a home and away basis. The group winner would qualify.
After that you ought to start our facebook hack device.
Yet, the reality is that facebook hack is not made for bad function or to damage one more person.


text:
What is the scientific method?
by Kate Walker 3 hours ago
jalex137
From the article at infoplease.com:http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/sci/A0860972.html "The scientific method has evolved over many centuries and has now come to be described in terms of a well-recognized and well-defined series of steps. First, information, or data, is gathered by careful observation of the phenomenon being studied. On the basis of that information a preliminary generalization, or hypothesis, is formed, usually by inductive reasoning, and this in turn leads by deductive logic to a number of implications that may be tested by further observations and experiments (see induction; deduction). If the conclusions drawn from the original hypothesis successfully meet all these tests, the hypothesis becomes accepted as a scientific theory or law; if additional facts are in disagreement with the hypothesis, it may be modified or discarded in favor of a new hypothesis, which is then subjected to further tests."
Aristocles
Here's a simple graph that explains it. Just click on the image.
What is the scientific name for boogers?
What is the most interesting scientific theory?
What is a great scientific hoax?
Is creation science scientific?
What is the scientific reason behind age of marriage?
Is all scientific research in the U.S. now funded by the government?
Here is the Universe Today Top 10 list of Scientific Endeavors for 2008, which one has inspired you the most?
When were Isaac Newtons discoveries validated by the scientific community?
What are the different method for recording a voice?
The beginning of time is a grand scientific mystery. Is it possible that the concept of eternity is broader than we believe and that time has no beginning OR end?


text:
\section{Introduction}

What distinguishes ultrarelativistic heavy ion physics from particle physics is its focus on geometrically large systems.
The desire is not to understand fundamental processes, as in the latter field, but to create and probe new states of matter
and access the only phase transition associated with a fundamental interaction (QCD).
The geometrically-sensitive, bulk properties are the crucial ones, and these are reflected in the soft ($p_T \sim \Lambda_{QCD}$)
sector.

In soft sector observables, long-term baselines have been established over a large energy range.  Prior to first data at RHIC,
it was commonly speculated (and hoped) that large deviations from these systematics (e.g. $\pi^0/\pi^\pm$ ratios, sidewards
flow, strangeness enhancement, total multiplicity) would signal clearly the qualitatively different nature of the system created
there~\cite{Harris:1996zx}.  In femtoscopic systems, rather generic arguments led
to expectations~\cite{Rischke:1996em,Bass:1999zq} of a rapid increase, with $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$,
in the pion ``HBT radii'' $R_{out}$ and $R_{long}$, reflecting relatively long timescales of the transition
from deconfined QGP to confined hadronic matter.

Such dramatic speculations are largely absent today, in anticipation of LHC collisions.
Soft-sector, global observables at RHIC are only quantitatively different than they are at lower energies.
Even in the high-$p_T$ sector, where
jet suppression and partonic energy loss measurements have generated huge excitement, energy scans
at RHIC reveal that the data indicate more of an evolution than a revolution.

This is all to the good.
Discoveries via sharp jumps {\it \`{a} la} superconductivity are not our lot.
The real science behind heavy ion measurements (at very high energies as well as at much lower ones)
lies in understanding the {\it details} of the data.

Femtoscopy~\cite{Lednicky:1990pu}, the geometric measurement of systems at the fermi scale, has been used
to characterize the freezeout substructure of heavy ion collisions for two decades in time, and over two
decades in collision energy~\cite{Lisa:2005dd}.  Soon, this energy range will be
extended by another decade at the LHC.

It will be important to understand the evolution of the
non-trivial space-time substructure of the bulk system as the initial conditions change dramatically
with energy.
In Figure~\ref{fig:PapersPerYear} is shown the number of refereed-journal
papers of experimental femtoscopic results in relativistic heavy ion collisions, as a function of publication year.
Even armed with nothing more than this Figure and Reinhard Stock's observation~\cite{Stock:2004cf}
that ``HBT experiences a renaissance of new insights roughly every five years,'' we may confidently
expect a barrage of new femtoscopic information to digest within the next 5 years.

\begin{figure}[t!]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{./Figures/NumberOfPapersPerYear.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:PapersPerYear}
The number of refereed-journal publications reporting new femtoscopy results in relativistic
heavy ion collisions.  Beginning of availability of new beams are indicated in yellow boxes.
}
\end{figure}

Here, we discuss predictions for femtoscopy at the LHC.  In the next Section, we consider the case
of simple extrapolation of measured femtoscopic trends, with no reference to physics per se.  In Section~\ref{sec:cascade},
we consider predictions of Boltzmann/cascade transport calculations, and in Section~\ref{sec:hydro} those
of hydrodynamical models.  Finally, we discuss speculations on the physics behind femtoscopic measurements in
$p+p$ collisions, which will, in fact, be the first results available at the LHC.  At the end we summarize.

\vspace*{-3mm}

\section{Nothing New Under the Sun (NNUS) Scenario}
\label{sec:NNUS}

\vspace*{-3mm}

Femtoscopic measurements display rich, multidimensional and nontrivial systematic dependences
upon kinematic ($p_T$, $y$, etc) variables and particle species~\cite{Lisa:2005dd,Lisa:2005js}.
The dependence upon {\it global} variables such as $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ and impact parameter, however,
appears significantly more trivial.  Schematically characterizing the measured femtoscopic length
scales as a multidimensional function, evidence thus far indicates an overall factorization
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:Factorization}
R\left(\sqrt{s_{NN}},A,B,|\vec{b}|,\phi,y,m_T,m_1,m_2\right)  \nonumber \\
 = R_{g}\left(\sqrt{s_{NN}},A,B,|\vec{b}|\right)\cdot F_{k}\left(\phi,y,m_T,m_1,m_2\right) \\
 = R_{g}\left(M\right)\cdot F_{k}\left(\phi,y,m_T,m_1,m_2\right) , \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
where $F_k$ is a dimensionless function containing, e.g. decreasing ``HBT radii'' with particle $m_T$.
The dimensional scale $R_g$ is determined by global observables.  However, as indicated by
the second equality of Equation~\ref{eq:Factorization}, to good approximation the only relevant global
observable is the total multiplicity $M$ of the collision.
In fact, this multiplicity dominance well apply to all soft-sector observables~\cite{Caines:2006if}.

\begin{figure}[t]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.42\textwidth]{./Figures/AnnRevFig05.eps}}}
\caption{Pion HBT radii plotted versus the number of participating nucleons (left)
and versus the charged particle multiplicity (right) for collisions of varying centrality
and a wide range of energies.  Compilation from~\cite{Lisa:2005dd}.
\label{fig:RversusMultAnnRev}}
\end{figure}

There are at least three caveats to the above statement.
Firstly,
the CERES~\cite{Adamova:2002ff} collaboration
has shown that the scale depends also on the freeze-out chemistry (baryon-to-meson ratio) in
addition to the multiplicity.  This is important at low (AGS) energies.
For collisions above top SPS energy, $\sqrt{s_{NN}}\sim 17$~GeV, the chemical evolution is
sufficiently weak that one may consider multiplicity only.
Secondly, as seen in Figure~\ref{fig:RversusMultAnnRev}, there is some residual dependence of the outward radius
on $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ in addition to multiplicity; in this Section, we ignore this potentially
important detail.
Finally, the azimuthal ($\phi_p$, as determined relative to the reaction plane)
dependence~\cite{Lisa:2000ip,Lisa:2000xj,Wells:2002phd,Adams:2003ra}
likely at some point violates the factorization.  While it has not been experimentally tested,
two collisions producing the same
multiplicity, one very peripheral (i.e. spatially anisotropic in the entrance channel)
at high energy and the other
very central at low energy, presumably generate freezeout distributions with different
spatial anisotropy, which is then reflected in the azimuthally-sensitive femtoscopy~\cite{Retiere:2003kf}.
See Section~\ref{sec:hydro} for further discussion.

These caveats stated, however, the factorization of Equation~\ref{eq:Factorization} is probably
our best, zero-new-physics guide to simple extrapolation of femtoscopic trends measured over two
orders of magnitude in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ and from from the lightest ($p+p$) to the heaviest ($Pb+Pb$)
systems.
Figure~\ref{fig:RversusMultAnnRev} suggests a simple form $R_g(M) \propto M^{1/3}$; this ignores the finite
offset $\sim 1$~fm when extrapolating $M \rightarrow 0$, but this is negligible for high multiplicity.
This relation may reflect that a constant freezeout density drives the femtoscopic scales~\cite{Adamova:2002ff},
though this neglects any dynamic effects.
Assuming that this simple proportionality continues, then,
we know $R_g(M)$ and
determining femtoscopic expectations boils down to anticipating the multiplicity at the LHC.

A naive extrapolation~\cite{Lisa:2005js,Caines:2006if} of systematics suggests that
$dN/dy$ at the LHC will be 60\% larger than that observed at RHIC.  Thus, the zeroth-order
expectation is that length scales at the LHC will be 17\% ($1.6^{1/3}=1.17$) larger than
those measured at RHIC, for all kinematic selections and particle species, according
to Equation~\ref{eq:Factorization}.

Going beyond simple extrapolation to include a physical picture, saturation-based
calculations~\cite{Kharzeev:2004if} give much higher multiplicity-- roughly triple
that at RHIC.  This leads to expectations of length scales 45\% higher than those
at RHIC.  Thus, $R_{long}$ for pions at midrapidity and low $p_T$ in central collisions
would be $1.45\times 7~{\rm fm} = 10~{\rm fm}$.

Multiplicity predictions based on Boltzmann/cascade calculations can be significantly higher yet.
Selecting two for which femtoscopic predictions also exist (Section~\ref{sec:cascade}),
A Multi-Phase Transport (AMPT) calculation~\cite{KoWPCF06}
and the Hadronic Rescattering Model (HRM)~\cite{Humanic:2005ye} predict $5\times$ and $7\times$ RHIC
multiplicity, respectively.  Thus, femtoscopic scales at LHC may be as much as 90\% higher
than at RHIC.  Depending on the final-state interaction which produces the two-particle
correlation function, measuring length scales of $\sim 15$~fm may challenge experimental
two-track resolutions.  For two-pion correlations, such scales are within the capabilities
of the ALICE detector~\cite{Alessandro:2006yt}.

\vspace*{-3mm}

\section{Boltzmann Transport Calculations}
\label{sec:cascade}

\vspace*{-3mm}

More interesting than simple scaling relations are models with real physics and
dynamics, such as transport calculations.
Boltzmann/cascade transport models generally reproduce ``HBT radii'' at RHIC
better than do hydrodynamic calculations~\cite{Lisa:2005dd}.
The reasons behind this include different
physics in the models, a more detailed description of the kinetic freezeout,
and the use of more appropriate methods of calculating the radii~\cite{Frodermann:2006sp}.
Predictions of pion HBT radii with each
of the transport calculations discussed in Section~\ref{sec:NNUS} reveal predictions
more subtle than the simple multiplicity-scaling discussed above.

\begin{figure}[t]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{./Figures/HumanicFig29.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:HRMtime}
The freezeout time distribution from the Hadronic Rescattering Model of Humanic~\cite{Humanic:2005ye} for RHIC and LHC conditions.
}
\end{figure}

For an infinite and boost-invariant system (only an approximation of reality, of course),
the longitudinal HBT radius $R_{long}$ is proportional to the system evolution
time (i.e. between interpenetration of the ions and kinematic freezeout of the
products)~\cite{Akkelin:1995gh,Lisa:2005dd}.  Naturally, this is not a unique, system-wide
time, but a distribution.  An example is seen in Figure~\ref{fig:HRMtime}, in which
the pion freeze-out time distribution for collisions at RHIC and LHC are compared in
the HRM calculation.  The LHC timescales are roughly double those at RHIC.
Although HRM is not explicitly a boost-invariant model, we see in Figure~\ref{fig:HRMradii}
that $R_{long}$ reflects this timescale increase, roughly doubling when the energy
is increased from RHIC to LHC energies.
The $\sim 70\%$ increase in $R_{long}$ is roughly consistent, then, with expectations from
both a timescale and from the multiplicity-scaling point of view.
This is certainly not a coincidence, as the increased timescale is due in large part to the increased multiplicity.

On the other hand, there is more going on.  The predicted $p_T$-dependence of
both $R_{long}$ and $R_{side}$ are steeper at the LHC than at RHIC.  Also, the
increase in $R_{side}$ is significantly less than 90\%.  Both of these effects
are consistent with a freezeout scenario with significantly increased transverse
flow~\cite{Retiere:2003kf}.  Indeed, transverse momentum distributions predicted by HRM
are significantly harder (less steep) at the LHC than those at RHIC.
Since the $p_T$ dependence of HBT radii~\cite{Lisa:2005dd} and spectra
in the soft sector are observed to
change very little between $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 20 \div 200$~GeV, it will
be interesting to see whether this trend is broken at the LHC, as predicted by HRM.

The HRM model is a deliberate effort to use the simplest (often criticized as too simplistic)
physics picture, free of novel phases like QGP.  It is a pure hadron-based transport calculation,
though the initial conditions may be taken from Pythia or Saturation-based scenarios~\cite{Humanic:2005ye}.
On the other side of the ``simplicity spectrum'' is AMPT, an attempt to describe the various stages of the
system's evolution in terms of the most appropriate model for that stage~\cite{Lin:2002gc}.

\begin{figure}[t!]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.45\textwidth]{./Figures/HumanicFig31.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:HRMradii}
HBT radii from fits to pion correlation functions from the
Hadronic Rescattering Model of Humanic~\cite{Humanic:2005ye} for RHIC and LHC conditions.
}
\end{figure}

Similar to HRM, AMPT predicts stronger transverse flow at the LHC, as compared to RHIC, leading
to steeper $p_T$-dependence of HBT radii.  In terms of scale, the transverse (longitudinal)
radii are predicted to increase by 10\% (30\%).  This is more modest than the predictions
of HRM (30\% and 70\%, respectively), and much more modest than pure-multiplicity scalings
of Section~\ref{sec:NNUS}.

Thus the dynamical physics, in these models, lead to expected details significantly beyond
simple extrapolation of lower-energy results.

\vspace*{-3mm}

\section{Hydrodynamical Calculations}
\label{sec:hydro}

\vspace*{-3mm}

As mentioned, hydrodynamical models tend to reproduce femtoscopic measurements
more poorly than do Boltzmann/cascade calculations.  On the other hand, they have
enjoyed huge success in reproducing momentum-space observables such as elliptic
flow.  Furthermore, the conditions at LHC are likely to provide an even better
approximation than at RHIC to the zero-mean-free-path assumptions of pure hydrodynamics.
Finally, the direct connection between hydrodynamics and the Equation of State of
strongly-interacting matter (color-confined or not) remains a compelling reason to
explore soft-sector, bulk consequences of the model.

\vspace*{-3mm}

\subsection{Source Length Scales}
\label{sec:HydroScale}

\vspace*{-3mm}

Recently, Eskola and collaborators~\cite{Eskola:2005ue} coupled a pQCD+saturation-based prediction for
initial conditions at LHC to their $1+1$-dimensional hydro calculation.  The Equation-of-State
featured a first-order phase transition between an ideal QGP at high temperature and a hadron
resonance gas at low temperature.

As shown in Figure~\ref{fig:EskolaEnergyDensity}, the initial energy density at which hydrodynamics
is assumed to take over expected to roughly an order of magnitude larger at the LHC than at RHIC,
due both to increased gluon production and to shorter system formation (thermalization)
time $\tau_0$ at the higher energy.
Since the initial transverse scale changes only little, the pressure gradients will likewise
be much higher at LHC, leading to increased transverse flow.
These effects place competing pressures
on the space-time evolution of the system, and on the femtoscopic scales at freezeout, as discussed below.

\begin{figure}[t]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.38\textwidth]{./Figures/EskolaInitConditions.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:EskolaEnergyDensity}
Initial energy density distribution in the transverse plane, calculated by Eskola et al~\cite{Eskola:2005ue}.
}
\end{figure}

The increased energy density (directly associated with entropy density and thus multiplicity)
tends to produce longer timescales at the LHC.  Longitudinal expansion tends to cool the system
towards freezeout conditions.  However, especially at the LHC, the large transverse flow generated
by the intense pressure gradients cannot be ignored.
Eskola and collaborators~\cite{Eskola:2005ue}, estimate that the time required to cool
from the maximum energy density (at $r=0$ in Figure~\ref{fig:EskolaEnergyDensity} to
the critical energy density ($\epsilon_c = 1.93 GeV/fm^3$) would be 6~fm/c (20~fm/c) at RHIC
(LHC), due to longitudinal expansion alone.  However, when transverse dynamics are included,
the cooling times become 5~fm/c (7.5~fm/c) at RHIC (LHC).  The evolution time to kinematic
freezeout-- say until $T\approx 140$~MeV-- is $\tau_0\sim 12-14$~fm/c in both cases; this is the timescale most
directly probed by femtoscopy.
This is dramatic-- the effect
of transverse flow on cooling timescales can almost be neglected at RHIC, while it is dominant
at the LHC.  This is reminiscent of the cascade calculations discussed in Section~\ref{sec:cascade};
the much stronger flow may well lead to deviations from the trends (e.g. $p_T$-dependence of pion HBT
radii being independent of $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$) established so far at lower energy.
This aspect of the NNUS scenario may finally be violated.
The qualitative difference is apparent from the freezeout hypersurfaces at RHIC and LHC, shown
in Figure~\ref{fig:HeinzKolbFOhypersurface}.  The Figure is from a
calculation by Kolb and Heinz~\cite{Heinz:2002sq}, but is similar to Eskola's.

It would be very interesting to know whether the other aspect of NNUS, namely the multiplicity
scaling shown in Figure~\ref{fig:RversusMultAnnRev}, is satisfied by the hydro models.
Unfortunately, Eskola did not calculate pion ``HBT radii,'' and Heinz and Kolb did  not calculate
multiplicity, so a consistent estimate of the scaling cannot be checked.  However, the former
predict that the multiplicity at LHC will be approximately triple that at RHIC, corresponding
to a 40\% increase in HBT radius under NNUS scaling.
Heinz and Kolb~\cite{Heinz:2002sq} do, in fact, predict roughly this increase in the transverse radii, but-- remarkably--
they also predict a significant {\it decrease} in $R_{long}$ at LHC relative to
RHIC!~\footnote{Efforts are underway to understand the detailed Equation of State sensitivity of these calculations.
U. Heinz, private comm.}

\begin{figure}[t]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.5\textwidth]{./Figures/HeinzKolbFig1aAndb.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:HeinzKolbFOhypersurface}
Left: freeze-out space-time hypersurface in collisions with finite impact
parameter calculated by Heinz and Kolb~\cite{Heinz:2002sq}.  The ``IPES'' calculation
is an estimate of the system created at the LHC.  The impact parameter is defined
to lie in the $\hat{x}$-direction.
Right: time-,z- and momentum-integrated freeze-out shapes in the transverse plane.
}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-3mm}

\subsection{Source Shape}
\label{sec:HydroShape}

\vspace*{-3mm}

Azimuthally-sensitive pion interferometry-- the measurement of spatial scales as a function
of emission angle relative to the reaction plane-- probes the {\it shape} of the freezeout
configuration, in addition to its scale~\cite{Voloshin:1996ch,Lisa:2000ip,Retiere:2003kf}.
At finite impact parameter, both the spatial configuration of the entrance channel and the
resulting momentum distribution in the exit channel are anisotropic.  In particular, the
initial state is spatially extended out of the reaction plane, and the resulting flow is stronger
in the reaction plane (elliptic flow $v_2>0$).

Due to the preferential in-plane expansion, as the system evolves the spatial configuration
should become increasingly in-plane extended (equivalently, decreasingly out-of-plane extended).
Thus, knowledge of the entrance-channel shape (e.g. though Glauber model calculations) and measurement
of the exit-channel shape (through femtoscopy) provide ``boundary conditions'' on the dynamical
spacetime evolution of the anisotropic system, and probe the evolution timescale.
The extracted timescale is model-dependent, requiring in principle a detailed time
evolution of the flow.  However, a simple estimate~\cite{Lisa:2003ze}
of the timescale extracted through shape measurements
and that extracted from blast-wave fits~\cite{Retiere:2003kf,Adams:2004yc} to azimuthally-integrated HBT radii
are roughly consistent.

Measurements of the freezeout shape at the AGS~\cite{Lisa:2000xj} and RHIC~\cite{Wells:2002phd,Adams:2003ra}
indicate an out-of-plane-extended configuration.  Consistent with the fact that preferential in-plane
expansion (i.e. elliptic flow) is stronger at RHIC, the configuration at the higher bombarding energy
is rounder.  This is shown in Figure~\ref{fig:EpsVersusRoots}, in which the transverse anisotropy is
characterized by $\epsilon \equiv (R_y^2-R_x^2)/(R_y^2+R_x^2)$ ($x$ is in the reaction plane).

The anisotropic shapes and corresponding azimuthally-selected HBT radii have been calculated in two
dynamical models.  At the AGS, the transport code RQMD~\cite{Sorge:1995dp} reproduces the overall scale~\cite{Lisa:2000no}
{\it and} the anisotropy~\cite{Lisa:2000ip,Lisa:2000xj} of the source reasonably well, as shown in Figure~\ref{fig:EpsVersusRoots}.  At RHIC,
the $2+1$ hydro code~\cite{Heinz:2002sq} reproduces the shape quite well, while missing the scale.  At the LHC, the latter
calculation predicts-- again-- a qualitative change in the freezeout distribution.  As shown in the right panel of
Figure~\ref{fig:HeinzKolbFOhypersurface} the source is expected to evolve to an {\it in-}plane configuration ($\epsilon < 0$).

However, again,
this huge flow has other dramatic and qualitatively new
implications: the decreased $R_{long}$ mentioned
in Section~\ref{sec:HydroScale}; and an actual sign
inversion of the oscillations of the HBT radii with $p_T$~\cite{Retiere:2003kf,Heinz:2002sq}.

\begin{figure}[]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.52\textwidth]{./Figures/epsVersusRootsWithHydroAndRQMD.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:EpsVersusRoots}
Transverse spatial freezeout anisotropy $\epsilon$ as a function of collision energy, as estimated
with azimuthally-sensitive pion femtoscopy, for collisions with impact parameter $\sim 7$~fm.
Round sources correspond to $\epsilon=0$; $\epsilon > 0$ indicates an out-of-plane-extended
source.
Measurements at the AGS~\cite{Lisa:2000xj} and RHIC~\cite{Adams:2003ra} are compared
with RQMD and hydrodynamic calculations, respectively, and the shape predicted by hydro at the LHC is shown.
}
\end{figure}

\vspace*{-3mm}

\section{Proton Collisions}
\label{sec:pp}

\vspace*{-3mm}

Before heavy ions are accelerated at the LHC, proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.4$~TeV will be measured.
While the thrust of the $p+p$ program is towards Higgs physics, it is well-recognized that $p+p$ collisions
serve as a valuable reference to heavy ion analyses in the ``hard'' (high-$p_T$) sector, where one looks
for the effects of the medium on particles coming from well-calibrated fundamental processes.

Soft-sector analyses, too, should be performed for systems from the smallest to
the largest, and the results compared.  Since such analyses are assumed to measure
the {\it bulk} properties, one might well hope for qualitative differences when comparing results for
$p+p$ to $Pb+Pb$ collisions.

While pion HBT measurements have been common in both the high-energy and heavy-ion communities for
many years, a direct ``apples-to-apples'' comparison between results from $A+A$ and $p+p$ collisions
has not been possible until very recently.  The STAR Collaboration at RHIC has reported the first
direct comparison of pion HBT radii in Au+Au, Cu+Cu, d+Au, and p+p collisions, using the same detector,
same energy, identical techniques (event mixing, etc) to create the correlation function, identical
coordinate systems and identical fitting techniques~\cite{Chajecki:2005zw}.  Remarkably, Gaussian fits to the correlation
functions return ``HBT radii'' which factorize according to Equation~\ref{eq:Factorization}; i.e.
$F_k$, which quantifies the dynamically-generated substructure, is identical in $p+p$ and $A+A$ collisions.
However, the STAR data show significant non-femtoscopic structures~\cite{Chajecki:2005zw}, which must be properly
accounted for~\cite{Chajecki:2006hn} before drawing firm conclusions.
If the factorization is unchanged after a more sophisticated treatment, the physics implications might be dramatic.
We do not discuss this here, but simply observe that the NNUS scenario is a likely baseline expectation for $p+p$
at LHC.

\begin{figure}[]
{\centerline{\includegraphics[width=0.4\textwidth]{./Figures/HRMppFig6.eps}}}
\caption{
\label{fig:PythiaHRMpp}
Full markers: predicted $p_T$-dependence of $R_{inv}$ and $\lambda$ from Gaussian fits to calculated correlation
functions in a Pythia+hadronic~rescattering model~\cite{Humanic:2006ib}.  Here, the hadronization time was
set to $\tau=0.1$~fm/c, the value required to reproduce E735~\cite{Alexopoulos:1992iv} data at the Tevatron.
Also shown in open markers are the femtoscopic parameters corresponding to a longer hadronization time.  In this
case, there is little very hadronic rescattering and thus a much weaker $p_T$-dependence of $R_{inv}$.
}
\end{figure}

The increase of HBT radii with multiplicity has also been observed previously in $p-\bar{p}$ collisions by the E735
Collaboration~\cite{Alexopoulos:1992iv}.  While in $A+A$ collisions, this is naturally related to increasing length
scales in the entrance channel geometry, Pai\'{c} and Skowro\'{n}ski~\cite{Paic:2005cx} postulate that jet dynamics, rather than bulk
properties, drive this dependence in the $p+\bar{p}$ system.  Within a simple model of hadronization, they can
reproduce the E735 multiplicity dependence, and make predictions of similar multiplicity dependence for $p+p$ collisions
at the top LHC energy.  However, since the expectation of increasing length scales with multiplicity
seems to be rather generic to {\it all} scenarios, it will be interesting to see these predictions
expanded to more differential measures-- say, the multiplicity {\it and} $p_T$ dependence, probing both
aspects of Equation~\ref{eq:Factorization}.  This should allow a more discriminating comparison between
models, allowing some to be ruled out.

Such differential predictions have very recently been performed by Humanic~\cite{Humanic:2006ib}, in the context of a Pythia+hadronic~rescattering
(through HRM) scenario.  It is found that, contrary to some expectations, hadronic rescattering is crucial to understand the
$M \otimes p_T$ dependence of the E735 data.  Reproducing the data requires the assumption of a surprisingly
short hadronization timescale ($\sim 0.1$~fm); longer timescales do not allow sufficient hadronic rescattering needed
to describe the $p_T$-dependence.  The prediction of the model for the highest multiplicity $p+p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.4$~TeV are shown in
Figure~\ref{fig:PythiaHRMpp}.

\vspace*{-3mm}

\section{Summary}

\vspace*{-3mm}

Two decades' worth of femtoscopic systematics~\cite{Lisa:2005dd} in heavy ion collisions reveals a strikingly consistent
and simple structure.  The kinematic and particle-species dependences, which reflect dynamic substructure,
decouple from the global scale, which depends (almost) solely on multiplicity.
The assumption that the factorization of Equation~\ref{eq:Factorization} persists-- i.e. that $F_k$ remains unchanged
at the LHC-- together with the assumption $R_g(M)\sim \sqrt[3]{M}$, is the essence of the NNUS scenario.

In the NNUS picture, all femtoscopic length scales measured at RHIC will be reproduced at LHC, only scaled up by 20-90\%, depending
on the multiplicity prediction.  Thus, the ``pion HBT radius'' $R_{long}$ at low $p_T$ might be expected in the range
$(1.2\div 1.9)\times(7 {\rm fm}) = 8.4\div 13 {\rm fm}$, while the average shift between pions and kaons (about 6~fm at RHIC~\cite{Adams:2003qa}) would
be in the range $7.2\div 11.5$~fm.
However, dynamical models generally predict interesting violations of NNUS at the LHC.  The significant
dispersion between predictions holds out the possibility that the data will eliminate some models.

In the HRM and AMPT Boltzmann/cascade calculations, increased rescattering due to the higher density at the LHC
generates much stronger global space-momentum correlations.  This leads to flatter $p_T$ spectra for high mass
particles, and to a steeper $p_T$-dependence
of the femtoscopic length scales; that is, $F_k$ would pick up a $\sqrt{s}$ dependence, violating NNUS factorization.
Transverse (longitudinal) scales are expected to increase 10-30\%  (30-70\%), relative to RHIC values.

In hydrodyanamical calculations, much higher energy densities and pressure gradients at the LHC may
generate qualitatively new femtoscopic signals.  Contrary to the situation at RHIC, the transversely explosive nature
of the source at the LHC severely shortens the time until freezeout.  The freezeout hypersurface
is of a qualitatively different shape in transverse position and time; while transverse radii may increase
by 40\% relative to RHIC values, the longitudinal ones should expand little, and may even decrease.

The evolution timescale may also be probed by measuring the anisotropic shape of the source in coordinate space, for non-central collisions.
Here again, a qualitative difference is predicted by hydrodynamics between RHIC and LHC collisions.
In particular, the greatly increased flow and somewhat increased evolution time lead to predictions of an in-plane extended
source, producing HBT radius oscillations $180^\circ$ out of phase with those seen at lower energy.

Probably as important as soft-physics analyses in heavy ion systems are parallel ones for $p+p$ collisions.
First preliminary ``apples-to-apples'' comparisons of Gaussian HBT radius measurements at RHIC suggest that NNUS factorization
continues to hold even for these smallest systems; it remains to be seen whether this conclusion survives more sophisticated
treatment of non-femtoscopic correlations in the data, presently underway.  In the context of two simple models, pion
HBT radii at the LHC depend strongly on the hadronization scenario.  Both predict an increase in femtoscopic freezeout scales
with increasing multiplicity, which in itself will not distinguish these models from any other.  However, in one, the
$p_T$ dependence is found to depend strongly on the hadronization time and degree of subsequent hadronic scattering.
Such scattering is usually ignored in treatments of $p+p$ collisions; indeed, the lack of significant rescattering is
believed to be their primary virtue as a reference measurement.  As hinted at by the first RHIC measurements, maybe they
are not so different from $A+A$ collisions after all.  More detailed measurements at the LHC may, in fact, spur a
re-evaluation of ideas of the spacetime evolution of {\it both} heavy ion and hadronic collisions.

In any case, we may confidently expect considerable activity and excitement as the next mountain forms on
Figure~\ref{fig:PapersPerYear}.

\bibliographystyle{annrev}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
'use strict';
(function () {
  var services = angular.module('myApp.repositoryService', ['myApp.messageBrokerService']);
  services.factory('repositoryService', ['$rootScope', '$q', '$http', 'messageBrokerService',
    function ($rootScope, $q, $http, messageBroker) {
      $rootScope.safeApply = function (fn) {
        var phase = this.$root.$$phase;
        if (phase == '$apply' || phase == '$digest') {
          if (fn && (typeof(fn) === 'function')) {
            fn();
          }
        } else {
          this.$apply(fn);
        }
      };

      var site = {
        cases: {},
        case: {},
        patient: {},
        quality: {},
        configureCaseFor: function (barcode) {
          site.case = site.cases.child(barcode);
          site.patient = site.case.child('patient');
        }
      };

      return {
        configureCases: function (url) {
        },

        getCaseFor: function (barcode) {

          var url = angular.getAppSection('Service').Case  + barcode ;

          var future = $http({ cache: false, url: 'data/cases.js', method: 'GET'});

          return future.then(function (response) {
            return response.data;
          });
        },

        getQuality: function () {
          var future = $q.defer();
          site.quality.once('value', function (snapshot) {
            $rootScope.safeApply(function () {
              future.resolve(snapshot.val());
            });
          });
          return future.promise;
        },

        parse: function (barcode) {
          return barcode.substr(0, 9);
        },

        whenPatientChanged: function (callback) {
            messageBroker.Subscribe(angular.getAppSection('PubSubTopic').Patient, function (message) {

                $rootScope.safeApply(function () {
                    if (callback) {
                        callback(JSON.parse(message.body));
                    }
                });

            });

        }
      };
    }]);
})();