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Tag Archives: sam gregg
Understanding speculation
SAM GREGG writes that the practice of speculation is morally justifiable as long as basic moral principles are followed. In specific conditions, he says, it can certainly have negative effects. Before Catholics condemn (or unreservedly praise) speculation, however, it's important that we understand this important financial tool in all its complexity . . .
Speculation is one of those words that raises many Christians' hackles. It conjures up visions of people making easy gain for no apparent effort, and some associate it with financial crises.
So what's a Christian to make of speculation? The Catechism of the Catholic Church identifies "speculation in which one contrives to manipulate the price of goods artificially in order to gain an advantage to the detriment of others" as "morally illicit" (CCC #2409).. This wording indicates that there are legitimate forms of speculation, though these are left unspecified.
The justice of different choices denoted as "speculative" depends upon the specifics of a given choice. Speculation that relies, for instance, upon telling falsehoods is wrong because choosing to lie is, in Christian terms, always wrong. It would be equally unjust for a financial firm to try and manipulate the futures market by expressing to others excessive optimism or negativity about the prospects for a given commodity.
These examples are very different from the type of speculation that involves making prudential judgments about what one buys and sells on the stock market in light of what one judges is likely to happen in the future on the basis of knowledge, experience and evidence. Speculation can be abused or used badly. But just because some banks issue credit to the wrong people doesn't mean we should eliminate credit altogether, nor does misuse of speculative techniques necessitate a severe curtailing of speculation.
There are also greater and lesser degrees of speculation, depending on the size of the "bet" and how much one can reasonably forecast for the future. When a bank, for instance, grants a two-year small loan to an established business with a track record of on-time loan repayment, it does so with a high degree of certainty that the loan will be repaid.
The scale of the speculation — and the risk — increases in the case of, for instance, a hedge fund that chooses to borrow a large amount of money in order to speculate upon the future worth of a given commodity or currency over varying periods of time. "Forward dealings," as they are called, seek to capitalize upon expected price movements that enable me to sell high and buy low. This can involve buying products, shares, or commodities in the expectation that, in the meantime, prices will fall (a "bear" transaction) or rise (a "bull" transaction). The degree of uncertainty surrounding all these factors means that the speculative risk is usually higher than a standard small-business loan.
Given the inevitable degree of speculation involved in any economic choice, it's hard to see how speculation per se could be wrong in the sense that every act of adultery, for instance, is intrinsically evil. We should also recall that speculation involves taking a risk, and risk has always been understood as providing a just title to any ensuing profits.
Speculation, whether on currencies or commodities, is not a work- free exercise. When a hedge fund decides to go "long" or "short" on a commodity's future price, it rarely does so because of someone's mere whim. Such firms employ large numbers of forecasters, traders, and even mathematical modelers in an effort to make as accurate a speculative estimate as possible. Though often portrayed as an activity that results in enormous gain on the basis of little labor, speculation often involves quite large amounts of work undertaken by highly knowledgeable groups of people who may lose a great deal (including their jobs) if they make significant errors in judgment.
What's important to note here is that someone's ability to make a profit as a speculator does not emanate from cheating anyone — or from any magical ability on his part to make the price of necessities such as food increase and thereby put food outside the poor's capacity to pay. Instead I derive a profit because I correctly estimate that, for instance, the demand for oil would be greater than the supply of oil over the future. Likewise, my loss would proceed from my failure to ascertain that the oil supply was going to outstrip demand in a year's time.
We should also be attentive to the ways in which speculation can contribute to the better use of economic resources. Speculation — be it in currencies, food, commodities — can, for instance, contribute to the relative stability of economic life by helping to calibrate the supply and demand of many goods beyond the short-term.
Much more could be said about speculation. In specific conditions, it can certainly have negative effects. But before Catholics condemn (or unreservedly praise) speculation, it's important that we understand this financial tool in all its complexity. Only then can we render judgment on an act of speculation in the marketplace.
SAMUEL GREGG is the Acton Institute's research director. His most recent book is "Tea Party Catholic."
This entry was posted in Ethics and tagged acton institute, sam gregg, speculation on December 1, 2014 by admin.
Catholic Founder, Catholic businessman
SAM GREGG writes that Charles Carroll of Carrollton was the only Catholic to sign the Declaration of Independence. Like many other Signers, he was a true Renaissance man, but he also believed that the accumulation of wealth cannot be justified as the chief end of existence. Gregg explains how Carroll's life and writings have much to teach us today. . . .
Charles Carroll of Carrollton is known to most Americans as the only Catholic to sign the Declaration of Independence. In doing so, Carroll arguably put far more at risk than any other Signer.
In 1776, Carroll was most likely the wealthiest man in Britain's American colonies. Indeed, after Carroll appended his signature to the Declaration, one bystander reportedly quipped, "There go a few millions."
Both Carroll's father and grandfather were successful merchants despite the anti-Catholic laws that prevailed in the Maryland colony throughout most of the 18th century. But Carroll turned out to be a successful entrepreneur in his own right. In fact, Carroll was so good at creating wealth that when George Washington thought of making Carroll ambassador to France in 1796, he eventually opted not to.
Carroll's commercial interests extended far beyond those of the typical Marylander of his time. They ranged from grain products to livestock, small cloth factories, building crafts, cattle, mills, orchards, land speculation, and iron production. As well as investing in domestic and European markets, Carroll was in the business of making loans, charging market interest rates. He even authored a document defending the legality and morality of compound interest. And, it should be said, a portion of Carroll's assets consisted of slaves.
Carroll's commercial success did not mean, however, that what he often called the "habit of business" became suffocating for him. He would have thoroughly agreed with Calvin Coolidge that "the accumulation of wealth cannot be justified as the chief end of existence."
Like many other Signers, Carroll was a true Renaissance man.Though he worked incredibly hard at expanding his business ventures, he was heavily involved in revolutionary-era politics. And in the midst of all this, Carroll somehow found time before, during, and after the Revolution to read the works of prominent philosophers such as Voltaire and Rousseau — and to find their critiques of Christianity thoroughly unconvincing.
But Carroll also had a very strong sense that the life of business was itself one full of potential nobility and purpose that went beyond utility. For one thing, Carroll never ceased to emphasize to his own family and friends the order and discipline which business and trade can introduce into people's lives.
Though he never used the word, Carroll understood the folly of consumerism. His father had never ceased to remind him that conspicuous consumption was the road to moral (and sometimes economic) ruin. Much of the Maryland high society in which he lived was marred by what Carroll sharply criticized as the vices that flowed from mindless spending and taking on debt for purposes of consumption. Carroll specified, however, that one check on such habits was a conscientious attention to business itself. By this, Carroll meant allocating specific amounts of time to organizing commercial affairs and developing work habits which themselves relied upon cultivating virtues such as prudence, fortitude, and temperance.
Carroll's underlying attitude toward such matters was not driven by something akin to a Protestant work ethic. His approach flowed from his sense of responsibility to fulfill the expectations of those who had gone before him, to provide for one's family, and to pass on something to forthcoming generations.
In these matters, Carroll may have been influenced by a book of Catholic spirituality that is a must-read for us: St. Francis de Sales' Introduction to the Devout Life (1609).
This 17th-century classic was in vogue among Maryland Catholics during Carroll's lifetime and occupied a prominent place in his father's library. Among other things, the book provides counsel on cultivating a prayer life and the necessary degree of detachment in the midst of material comfort so that people's identity is not consumed by their wealth. In short, it seeks to teach Catholics living "in the world," how to do so while remaining "not of the world."
Charles Carroll's life and writings have much to teach us today — as Catholics and Americans — especially regarding religious liberty and the other freedoms secured by the American Revolution. But for Catholics in business, there's also much to learn from Carroll's life about how to integrate the high moral calling that's inseparable from Catholic faith into the world of commerce. To forget this is not only to overlook one Catholic's peerless contribution to the American founding, it's also to neglect a potential source of timeless wisdom for Catholics in business.
DR. SAMUEL GREGG is the Acton Institute's research director. He has authored several books including "Becoming Europe: Economic Decline, Culture and How American Can Avoid A European Future" and his forthcoming "Tea Party Catholic."
This entry was posted in Ethics and tagged acton institute, Catholic businessman, Charles Carroll, Declaration of Independence, sam gregg on June 1, 2013 by admin.
Is Benedict the 'Green Pope'?
The strange relationship between Pope Benedict XVI and the world's Green movement . . .
When the Vatican announced in 2007 that the Paul VI audience hall was to be covered in solar panels, environmentalists around the world took notice. Eighteen months later, the building was topped with 2,400 photovoltaic panels, generating sufficient electricity to supply the building's heating, cooling and lighting needs year-round.
Throughout his seven-year pontificate, Pope Benedict XVI has promoted the idea of sustainability and resource conservation. In addition to the solar panels, Vatican City has planted a 37-acre forest in Hungary and installed a solar cooling system in one of its cafeterias, making it the worlds' first carbon-neutral state.
But the man in charge of the world's 1.2 billion Catholics certainly doesn't fit the profile of a radical environmentalist. You won't find the Holy Father chaining himself to a California redwood or boarding a seal-hunting ship in the Arctic.
However, the Pope does find some common ground with environmentalists on stewardship of the earth. While most liberals label him "ultra-conservative," Benedict's teaching on the environment has many on both ends of the political spectrum nodding in agreement.
Ecology and the person
No other pope in history has written or spoken as much about the earth as Benedict XVI, which has led some in the media to dub him "The Green Pope." He has spoken about the environment at World Youth Day and with dignitaries at the Food and Agricultural Organization in Rome. The Holy Father speaks often and forcefully about the need to protect God's creation. Yet there is still a great divide between the Pope's brand of environmentalism and that of secular environmentalists.
"The most obvious difference between Pope Benedict and the Green movement is that for the Pope, the human person is at the center of his worldview," said Sam Gregg, director of research at the Acton Institute for the Study of Religion and Liberty, a Michigan-based think tank. "Human beings have dominion and stewardship over the natural world. We are intrinsically superior, but we don't have the right to do whatever we want with nature."
The Holy Father also speaks of "human ecology" with regard to the environment. He draws a parallel between the harm of polluting the natural world and the harm of engaging in immoral behavior, which causes real suffering to human beings.
"Ecology has a system of laws which enables nature to thrive," said Bill Patenaude, a Rhode Island-based environmental regulator and Catholic columnist. "It's the same with human ecology. We have natural law, reflected in the Ten Commandments, which enables humans to thrive. We cannot violate them without causing harm."
For Pope Benedict, ecology takes in everything — nature and the human family. He articulated this notion in his 2009 encyclical Caritas in Veritate: "The book of nature is one and indivisible: It takes in not only the environment but also life, sexuality, marriage, the family, social relations: in a word, integral human development" (#51).
Divinizing the natural world
Bill Patenaude
The Holy Father and Catholic teaching also part ways with the Green movement when it comes to the role of religion and the inherent dignity of the human person.
"The Greens' view of humanity is that we are just another aspect of the natural environment," said Gregg. "Most are grounded in pantheistic ideology. Within the Greens' ideology, human beings are bad and it's better if there are fewer of us. This is why they are so adamant about mandatory contraception for developing countries and why they are so pro-abortion."
The Catholic Church teaches that human beings are made in the image and likeness of God — and that they are intrinsically good and capable of innovation.
"What's distinctive about Pope Benedict is that he asks the Greens why there is this degree of disrespect for the human person, which comes out in Green policies," Gregg said. "They have a false conception on anthropology. Within deep Green writings on the environment, you see a certain 'humanophobia' at work, which is materialistic and paganistic."
Gregg also notes that when Christianity appeared on the scene 2,000 years ago, it actually "un-divinized" the natural world.
"It introduced the idea that the natural world is not divine," he explained. "This was a fundamental shift, and it was an enormous challenge to the prevailing notion. What we are seeing today is the re-divinization of the natural world. Some environmentalists see the natural world as more important than human beings. In the Greens' view there is no such thing as sin, except to destroy nature."
The Pope's teaching on the environment is part of a larger objective to engage in dialogue about the reality of God and the human person, Patenaude said.
"Ecology is a tool for the new evangelization," he explained. "It's a way to talk about faith and reason. Global ecological issues are really symptoms of human sin. Our technology has grown, but it magnifies human sin. We see this in the rainforest, the ocean. Pope Benedict's response is a pastoral one."
In fact, whenever he has the opportunity, the Holy Father addresses the Green movement directly through speeches to government bodies. He often starts with areas of agreement and then invites dialogue to speak about God.
Last September, Pope Benedict addressed the German parliament and complimented that country's Green Party on areas of agreement. Ironically, most of the Party's members boycotted the speech.
Responsible stewardship
"Radical environmentalism is anti-humanism," said Wesley Smith, senior fellow at the Discovery Institute. "We are the enemy species called the 'cancer of the planet.' There is a growing movement now to grant 'rights' to nature equal to human rights."
What has many people concerned is how radical environmentalism has made its way from the edge towards the center. Few disagree with the end-goal of a cleaner planet, but the means to that goal are worrisome, Smith said.
"What concerns me is that there will be a declining standard of life if you cannot mine, extract oil or develop the earth in a responsible way," he said. "You cause misery and stop the alleviation of poverty by halting development. Before many of the technologies we have today, people lived terribly. People longed for the kind of life-span and comfort we have today."
For his part, Pope Benedict has never called for a radical halt to development. He instead teaches that we use our God-given intelligence to develop the earth without destroying it. His position doesn't square comfortably with the extremes on either end of the political spectrum, but is always rooted in responsible stewardship.
"The Earth is indeed a precious gift of the Creator who, in designing its intrinsic order, has given us bearings that guide us as stewards of his creation," the Holy Father said during his Aug. 26, 2009, general audience. "Precisely from within this framework, the Church considers matters concerning the environment and its protection intimately linked to the theme of integral human development."
Pope Benedict XVI and the environment
"The Church has a responsibility towards creation and she must assert this responsibility in the public sphere. In doing so, she must defend not only the earth, water and air as gifts of creation that belong to everyone. She must above all defend mankind from self-destruction. There is a need for what might be called a human ecology, correctly understood. The deterioration of nature is in fact closely connected to the culture that shapes human coexistence: when 'human ecology' is respected within society, environmental ecology also benefi ts" (#51).
Caritas in Veritate, 2009
"Experience shows that the disregard for the environment always harms human coexistence and vice versa. It becomes more and more evident that there is an inseparable link between peace with creation and peace among men."
Message for the World Day of Peace, 2007
"The relationship between individuals or communities and the environment ultimately stems from their relationship with God. When 'man turns his back on the Creator's plan, he provokes a disorder which has inevitable repercussions on the rest of the created order."
Letter to the Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople, 2007
This entry was posted in Featured, Features and tagged Bill Patenaude, environment, environmentalism, green movement, Pope Benedict, Sabrina Arena Ferrisi, sam gregg, The Environment, Wesley Smith on July 3, 2012 by admin.
The moral good of business
Sam Gregg writes that when the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace issued a "note" last October on the global financial system, it would be an understatement to say that it generated a stormy debate. In March, however, the same Council released a new — and very different — document entitled The Vocation of the Christian Business Leader. Every businessman should read it.
When the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace issued a "note" last October on the global financial system, it would be an understatement to say that it generated a stormy debate. In March, however, the same Council released a new — and very different — document entitled The Vocation of the Christian Business Leader (VCBL).
Although this new document doesn't shy away from making pointed criticisms of contemporary business activity — and there is much to criticize — it articulates, perhaps for the first time in the Catholic Church's history, a thoroughly positive reflection from a body of the Roman Curia about the nature of business.
This new analysis of business life is rooted in a sophisticated appreciation of Catholic moral and social principles — as well as a background of solid natural-law reasoning about what Pope Benedict XVI has called "integral human development." VCBL also engages in a very welcome (and much overdue) "bottom-up" rather than "top-down" method of analyzing life in business.
The document has several key themes. The first is that business is not a necessary evil or a mere means to an end. Business, it states, is a vocation. It is "a genuine human and Christian calling" from God and therefore an opportunity to engage in human flourishing. Several popes have made this point in a roundabout way. Never, however, has a Curial text spelled out in so much detail the potential nobility of life as a business leader. Business, VCBL states, makes "an irreplaceable contribution to the material and even the spiritual well-being of humankind." That's powerful language. Not only is business the normative means by which many of our material needs are satisfied, it's also a sphere in which people can acquire virtues.
Another theme is that we need to embrace a sophisticated appreciation of the challenges facing modern business leaders. VCBL recognizes, for example, that there are negative and positive dimensions to the financialization of much of the economy. This means that business leaders confront, often on a daily basis, enormous ethical and economic difficulties. The subsequent choices they need to make are not simple. While VCBL suggests that the state has a role in addressing many of these issues, it wisely refrains from entering into detailed policy recommendations about how governments should act in these areas. Instead, it indicates that in many instances the primary responsibility for addressing many such challenges lies with business leaders themselves.
The text also recognizes that most business activity occurs at the micro-economic level. The document subsequently focuses on helping business leaders to discern, accept and faithfully carry out their vocation by using their unique set of gifts to meet others' concrete needs in ways that are just.
VCBL contains a powerful appeal to business leaders to live integrated lives. All of us — but perhaps especially businesspeople — are tempted to live fragmented existences, whereby we cordon off our work from our essential beliefs and moral principles. To that end, the document illustrates in a compelling way how business leaders can freely integrate the principles of solidarity and subsidiarity into the daily life of their companies, however big or small.
A further theme is that the relativism that disfigures many contemporary cultures represents a clear and present danger to a sound understanding of the vocation of business. For confirmation of this, one need only consider the consequentalist nonsense that characterizes most contemporary "business ethics" programs.
VCBL uses the words "creativity" and "initiative" over and over again. In one sense, this reflects the classic Christian position that the one thing which distinguishes humans from other species is our creativity. It also derives from the document's recognition of a truth that becomes evident once you start talking to actual business entrepreneurs: that they "are motivated by much more than financial success, enlightened self-interest, or an abstract social contract as often prescribed by economic literature and management textbooks."
Perhaps VCBL's broadest message is indirect: Recognition that many Catholic leaders have not always taken the world of business seriously — and have tended to see it as a source of funds for various Church projects rather than a sphere for human flourishing. Indeed, VCBL even acknowledges that business leaders have sometimes been confronted by "a civil or ecclesiastical culture hostile to entrepreneurship in one or more of its forms." To the credit of the Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, this document represents a clear repudiation of such mindsets — something that will not only benefit business leaders but the Catholic Church as whole.
Dr. Samuel Gregg is research director at the Acton Institute. He has authored several books including his prize-winning "The Commercial Society" and the forthcoming "Becoming Europe: Economic Decline, Culture, and America's Future."
This entry was posted in Ethics and tagged acton institute, Pontifical Council for Justice and Peace, sam gregg, The Vocation of the Christian Business Leader on July 1, 2012 by admin.
Deficit denial, American style
The Acton Institute's Sam Gregg writes that despite the United States' massive and unsustainable deficits, recent polls show that most Americans are seemingly unwilling to support cuts to the federal governments extensive entitlement programs. Gregg argues that entitlement cuts are absolutely necessary if America ever hopes to stay solvent . . .
Dr. Sam Gregg
Until recently most people thought the primary message of the 2010 Congressional election was that Americans were fed up with successive governments' willingness to run up deficit after deficit — and their associated refusal to seriously restrain public spending.
If, however, the results of a much-discussed Wall Street Journal-NBC News poll released on March 2 indicate what Americans really think about fiscal issues, then much of the country is clearly in denial, refusing to acknowledge the truth about what America must do if it is to avoid the fate of many Western European nations.
While the poll reveals considerable concern about government debt, it also underscores how unwilling many Americans are to reduce welfare programs that, in the long term, are central to the deficit problem.
Here are the raw facts: America's federal Social Security program has become the largest government pension scheme in the world in terms of sheer dollars. It is also by far the federal budget's single greatest expenditure item.
According to the Office of Management and Budget, "human services" — Social Security; Medicare; Health expenditures; Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services; Veterans benefits; and the euphemistically named "Income Security" (i.e., unemployment benefits) — were consuming 4% of America's GDP in 1949. By 1976, the figure had increased to 11.7%. In 2009, it was consuming 15.3% of GDP.
During the same period, human services began consuming a steadily increasing size of federal government expenditures. In 1967, human services spending was 32.6% of the federal budget. By 2009, this figure had increased to 61.3%. It's predicted to rise to 67% by 2016. In 2010, 75% of human services spending was on Social Security, Medicare, and Income Security — in short, the core welfare state.
These disturbing numbers make it clear that any serious federal deficit reduction must involve spending cuts to federal welfare programs. That doesn't mean other areas of government spending should be immune from cuts. But the deficit simply can't be properly addressed without a serious willingness to reduce welfare expenditures.
And yet, despite all the passionate rhetoric from Americans about the need to diminish government spending, the WSJ-NBC News poll suggests that fewer than 25% of Americans favor cutbacks to Social Security or Medicare as deficit-reduction measures. As the WSJ's commentators noted: "Even Tea Party supporters, by a nearly two-toone margin, declared significant cuts to Social Security 'unacceptable.'"
Unacceptable? Think about that word. Do large numbers of Americans really believe there is something morally evil about significant reductions to welfare spending under any circumstances? Since when — apart from Greece and other models of fiscal rectitude — have welfare payments assumed the status of an absolute right subject to no qualification? Have we really gone so far down the path of economic Europeanization?
Granted, the same poll suggests much larger numbers of Americans are willing to raise the retirement age to 69 and to means-test social security. But is that the best Americans are willing to do?
Spain's unreconstructed-1960s-lefty-Socialist government has just raised that country's retirement age to 67. Not surprisingly, the measure won't fully kick in until 2027, long after Spain's political class and their tame voting constituencies have met their Maker and no longer need to live off their children's futures. But can Americans who proclaim their attachment to free enterprise and personal responsibility really do no better than left-wing Western Europeans?
Back in 2007, journalist Robert Samuelson summarized the situation perfectly. "Most Americans," he wrote, "don't want to admit that they are current or prospective welfare recipients. They prefer to think that they automatically deserve whatever they've been promised simply because the promises were made. Americans do not want to pose the basic questions, and their political leaders mirror that reluctance. This makes the welfare state immovable and the budget situation intractable."
Presidential campaigns are invariably accompanied by a great deal of posturing. It would be helpful, however, if some serious candidates for the nation's highest office in 2012 — Republican or Democrat — would use their moment in the spotlight to educate Americans about what's at stake.
One former American vice-president once reportedly insisted, "Deficits don't matter." Unfortunately, there is mounting proof that he was wrong. After examining data on 44 countries over approximately 200 years, two economists recently found evidence suggesting that developed nations with gross public debt levels exceeding 90% of GDP (i.e., the USA) find that their medium-growth rates fall by 1%, while average growth declines by an even greater proportion.
That's troubling because while deficit cutting matters, wealth creation matters even more if we are to dig ourselves out of our fiscal hole. America now seriously risks seeing its burgeoning welfare costs suffocating the productive sector of the economy that makes social welfare possible in the first place.
Incidentally, it won't be the rich who suffer. It will be the poor. In their laudable concern for the weakest among us, Americans ought to remember that and start matching political rhetoric with consistent fiscal action.
Dr. Samuel Gregg is the Acton Institute's research director. He has authored several books including "On Ordered Liberty," his prize-winning "The Commercial Society," and "Wilhelm Röpke's Political Economy."
This entry was posted in Ethics and tagged deficit, sam gregg, wall street journal on May 1, 2011 by admin.
What we still haven't learned from the financial crisis
Dr. Sam Gregg argues that as time passes, armies of doctoral students will explore every nook and cranny of the '08 meltdown. But if most governments' policy responses are any guide, it's apparent that many lessons from the financial crisis are escaping policymakers' attention. He gives five important lessons policymakers should take note of . . .
It's been more than a year now since the 2008 financial crisis spread havoc throughout the global economy. Dozens of books have attempted to explain what went wrong. They identify culprits ranging from Wall Street financiers to ACORN and politicians.
As time passes, armies of doctoral students will explore every nook and cranny of the '08 meltdown. But if most governments' policy responses to the crisis are any guide, it's apparent that many lessons from the financial crisis are escaping policymakers' attention. Here are just five of them:
The moral hazard issue. The message conveyed to business by many governments' reactions to the financial crisis is this: If you are big enough (or enjoy extensive connections with influential politicians) and behave irresponsibly, you have a reasonable expectation that governments will shield you from the consequences of your actions. What other message could businesses such as AIG, Citigroup and Bank of America have possibly received from all the bailouts and virtual nationalizations?
Big government. Once you allow governments to increase their involvement in the economy to address a crisis, it is extremely difficult to wind back that involvement. Indeed, the exact opposite usually occurs.
Who today remembers the stimulus and bailout packages so heatedly debated in late 2008? They pale next to the fiscal excesses of American governments throughout 2009. Recessions and subsequent government interventions create an atmosphere in which the hitherto implausible — such as trillion-dollar 1,900-pages-long health care legislation in an era of record deficits — becomes thinkable. Likewise, the Bush administration's Chrysler and GM bailout morphed into the Obama administration's virtual appropriation of the same two companies.
Negative complications. We seem unwilling to accept that government policies initially presented to us as the only thing standing between stability and economic Armageddon invariably have unforeseen negative consequences that are not easily resolved.
FDIC chairman Sheila Bair recently claimed, for example, that the American government's decision to purchase capital in failing banks was, in retrospect, a mistake. Not only has government semiownership further complicated the moral hazard problem, but it has created dilemmas that flow directly from the fact of government intervention. "Do we contain the bonuses and the compensation," Bair asked, "because they are partially taxpayer owned, which might make things worse because they can't bring in new and better management, which in some cases might be necessary?"
The knowledge predicament. Today there is widespread acknowledgement that the 2008 financial crisis owed much to the Federal Reserve keeping interest rates too low for too long. Yet we persist in imagining that a group of people — the Fed's seven governors — can somehow manage the credit and monetary environment of what was a $14.4 trillion economy in 2008 in pursuit of often mutually-exclusive goals: stable prices, optimal employment and moderate long-term interest rates.
Fiduciary responsibility. We're reluctant to acknowledge how much the financial crisis reflects the breakdown of concepts of fiduciary responsibility — the moral and legal obligations that someone acquires when entrusted with another person's resources. Many CEOs have been rightly pilloried for their failures. But what, for example, of those boards of directors who presided over fiascos such as Lehman Brothers and the 147 American banks that failed between January 2008 and November 2009?
Why were board directors not asking questions about a bank's heavy reliance for its profits upon the alchemy of mortgage-based securities and other financial products that no one apparently could understand? Why did they not query reports advising that particular investment models could mathematically fail only once in a million years? Why did boards only take action to replace fund managers when companies were teetering on bankruptcy? Why did some directors imagine that a firm's generation of quarterly profits was sufficient indication that they were fulfilling their fiduciary responsibilities?
Of course, it's usually counterproductive for directors to immerse themselves in the micro-details of a firm's operations. But it is part of their fiduciary obligation to investors to question company employees and take action when the answers are not forthcoming or unsatisfactory. Indeed it's more than a fiduciary responsibility: It's the moral duty of anyone placed in a position of stewardship of others' resources.
But perhaps my bigger fear is that these developments suggest that America is slowly but surely moving towards what the great French philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville called "soft despotism" — a Faustian bargain between the political class and the citizens. Tocqueville predicted that "an immense protective power" might assume all responsibility for everyone's happiness — provided this power remained "sole agent and judge of it." This power would "resemble parental authority" and attempt to keep people "in perpetual childhood" by relieving them "from all the trouble of thinking and all the cares of living."
Is America on the road to comfortable servility? "The American Republic," Tocqueville wrote, "will endure until the day Congress discovers that it can bribe the public with the public's money."
One measure of a society's inner strength is its willingness to learn from mistakes and alter behavior appropriately. Sadly, in America's case, the 2008 financial crisis' long-term significance may be its illustration of how unwilling to learn we seem to be.
Dr. Samuel Gregg is research director at the Acton Institute. He has authored several books including "On Ordered Liberty" and his prizewinning "The Commercial Society." His latest book, "Wilhelm Röpke's Political Economy," has just been published.
This entry was posted in Ethics and tagged economy, financial crisis, sam gregg on February 1, 2010 by admin.
The market needs objective morality
Sam Gregg writes that Pope Benedict's new encyclical, Caritas in Veritate, reminds us that we cannot make economic choices or act economically as if the demands of Christian love and truth have nothing to do with such choices and acts. The Pope reminds us that "it is good for people to realize that purchasing is always a moral — and not simply an economic — act" . . .
Amidst the fanfare surrounding the promulgation of Benedict XVI's third encyclical Caritas in Veritate (Love in Truth) and what can only be described as the simplistic analysis offered by the mainstream media, a number of important insights have been lost — including those especially relevant for people engaged in the daily toil of creating wealth in the worlds of private enterprise, business and commerce.
The first is that this is a profoundly theological text. As with his previous encyclicals, Benedict reminds us that realities such as love, truth and hope are theological realities. The fact that they are theological realities — that is, ultimately known through our knowledge (lógos) of God (theos) — does not make them any less real than the economic world we engage every day of our lives.
All of us are tempted to regard theological imperatives as abstract concepts that have no relevance or place in the "real world." If, however, we truly believe that the life, death and resurrection of the Person of Jesus Christ is real, then we should have no difficulty in integrating these theological truths into our daily lives.
This in turn means that we cannot make economic choices or act economically as if the demands of Christian love and truth have nothing to do with such choices and acts. The Pope observes, for example, that "it is good for people to realize that purchasing is always a moral — and not simply economic — act" (#66). That does not mean that business leaders, CEOs and entrepreneurs should act less competitively or creatively. As Caritas in Veritate affirms, there is a place for commercial logic and thinking economically. It simply means that Christians should assimilate the commandment of love of neighbor and our responsibility to live in truth into our economic lives.
How does this play out in practical terms? This means that, no matter how intense and stressful the competition, we should never, for example, treat our customers, competitors and employees as mere objects. This is a requirement of justice, but it also reflects the Christian's recognition that these people are persons made in God's image.
On a second level, Caritas in Veritate's attention to love and truth has profound implications for the functioning of the market economy. Significantly Benedict does not call for a "third way" between the market economy and socialism. Nor does he present an alternative economic system to the market. Instead the market economy is more or less assumed to be the only alternative available. What matters is the degree to which the market economy is grounded in the truth — especially the moral truth — revealed to us through faith and reason.
Without internal forms of solidarity and mutual trust," the Pope writes, "the market cannot completely fulfill its proper economic function" (#35). This surely has been amply confirmed by the recent financial crisis. America's subprime mortgage collapse was partly attributable to the fact that thousands of people lied on their mortgage application forms. It is not surprising that mass violation of the moral prohibition against lying has devastating economic consequences. "The economic sphere," the Pope reminds us, "is neither ethically neutral, nor inherently inhuman and opposed to society. It is part and parcel of human activity and precisely because it is human, it must be structured and governed in an ethical manner" (#36). Against all relativists, Benedict maintains that market economies must be underpinned by commitments to particular basic moral goods and a certain vision of the human person if it is to serve rather than undermine humanity's common good: "The economy needs ethics in order to function correctly — not any ethics whatsoever, but an ethics which is people-centered" (#45).
At the heart of the economy are human persons. People whose minds are dominated by hedonistic cultures will make hedonistic economic choices. "Therefore," Benedict writes, "it is not the instrument that must be called to account, but individuals" (#36). Nor does he regard the market as morally problematic in itself.
"The market is not … the place where the strong subdue the weak. Society does not have to protect itself from the market, as if the development of the latter were ipso facto to entail the death of authentically human relations" (#36). What matters, Benedict says, is the moral culture in which market economies function.
In addition to these insights, Caritas in Veritate expresses plenty of prudential judgments with which faithful Catholics may legitimately take issue. I myself wonder if the encyclical fully appreciates the potentially tremendous negative impact of massive state-based redistribution of wealth. Of course Catholics may disagree among themselves (and even with the Pope) about those matters that the Church considers prudential. This includes the overwhelming majority of economic policy issues — though not on the subjects such as abortion and euthanasia as Pope Benedict affirmed in a 2004 letter to the then-archbishop of Washington, D.C.
Lastly, I would suggest one thing: Read the encyclical for yourself. It is dense and at times complex, but it also contains beautiful words of wisdom relevant to us all. We have a great Pope. Deo Gratis.
Dr. Samuel Gregg is research director at the Acton Institute. He is the author of many books, including "On Ordered Liberty" (2003) and his prize-winning "The Commercial Society" (2007).
This entry was posted in Ethics and tagged acton institute, caritas in veritate, encyclical, free markets, sam gregg on September 1, 2009 by Christine Valentine-Owsik.


I freaking love the Chinese omelette!!!! The best in town.
Grilled Mushroom Sandwich had rotten mushrooms or vegetables. My wife is sick after eating it.
It would help if there's more food pictures on the menu.


This is a Living Dead Doll I got this week. Her name is Revenant and she glows in the dark because she is a ghost. She is a loose figure but came with her Death Certificate which you can see I tucked into her outfit. However, she's missing her pet vulture, Carrion. She's still awesome though!


New Delhi: Riding on the success of the debut edition, the stage is set for the grand finale of India's largest gaming championship- the second edition of Mountain Dew's Dew Arena. The hugely successful Dew Arena will culminate on 1st October 2017, after an exciting six-month pan-India journey through 300 locations and 125 cities.
24 finalists from across India will battle it out at the grand finale at New Delhi's Hotel Andaz by Hyatt to ultimately be crowned as the top 12 winners. This event will see the presence of six of the most prominent names in the global gaming scenario – Hector Rosario, gaming commentator and CEO of international esports organization, Flipside Tactics; Dana Kawar, CMO, FlipSide Tactics; Niels Wolter, MD, ESL, the world's oldest professional esports organization; Yegor Markelov, among the best Counter Strike 1.6 players in the world; Antwan Ortiz, celebrated International Street Fighter Gamer and David Lawrie, one of the highest ranking players for International Rocket League Gamer globally.
The six gaming icons will lend their expertise as analysts at the grand finale. At an exclusive meet and great, they will also give budding enthusiasts tips to hone their gaming skills.
The second year of the Dew Arena saw unprecedented participation from gaming enthusiasts, with over 350,000 people participating across India. In a bid to take the experience of gaming to the masses, Mountain Dew's disruptive gaming trucks featured popular games such as Street Fighter V and Rocket League. Games like Counterstrike and DOTA were also available on PC. The 2017 edition of Dew Arena received phenomenal digital participation and reached out to over 24 million online users. The power packed finale will see the leading teams vie for a prize pool of INR 20 lakh and the chance to have their profile featured on a set of limited edition Mountain Dew PET bottles.
The grand finale will be preceded by an exciting semifinal match in New Delhi on 29th September. As a first for a live telecast of eSports, the country's largest gaming championship will be broadcast live on DSport – the premium sports channel from the Discovery Group and the Facebook and YouTube pages of Mountain Dew India and ESL.


Suffragette Alice Paul is framed for murder in 1919 New York, and the team turns to a brilliant female detective to help ensure the passage of the 19th Amendment. Jiya's warning causes strife with Wyatt, and Rufus and Flynn must decide whether they can trust an enemy.
In the bustle of 1919 New York City, suffragette Alice Paul (guest star Erica Dasher) is framed for murder and the Time Team partners up with legendary female crime solver Grace Humiston (guest star Sarah Sokolovic) -- AKA "Mrs. Sherlock Holmes." Together they attempt to prove Alice's innocence in time for her to give a powerful speech that turns the tide in the passage of the 19th Amendment giving women the right to vote.


To protect your investment, we recommend cleaning leather tack daily after use with a damp sponge and Hrimnir glycerine saddle soap.
If your saddle is properly oiled in the beginning, and regularly cleaned with HRÍMNIR glycerine saddle soap, it will be sufficiently water repellent to avoid white marks if exposed to rain or mud splash. However, immediately towel dry excess water with a soft cloth, as rain or splash spots may leave pale marks after being left to dry.
Remember cleaning the stirrup leathers, too.
Let the saddle dry completely before storing it with its cover.
This leather soap with glycerine cleans your leather tack gently and cares for it at the same time. It is suitable for daily cleaning, and keeps the leather soft.
The lid of the bottle can be used to hang the bottle upside down to turn it into a practical soap dispenser.


iFBA is a multi-arcade emulator created by developer Yoyofr, a coding and retrogaming self-proclaimed addict from France, based on FinalBurn Alpha (FBA) v0.2.97 that currently supports 5841 drivers.
Way before handheld and portable gaming was popular, arcades where the places in our childhood where we would waste all of our coins at. These arcade machines were big builky games consoles with a lot of confusing buttons and a joystick where we could spend the day away playing Mortal Kombat or Marvel vs Capcom. This emulator brings back those nostalgic days.
iFBA is popular among jailbroken retro game enthusiasts, but it's rarely been seen available for non-jailbroken. This version includes a lot of features, although some of these won't work due to the fact that they require you to be jailbroken (like the Wiimote connectivity), but you can still enjoy most of it just fine.
One of its most notable features is that you can see all kinds of games you can install on this emulator through the "missing" section. You obviously cannot download them directly (or even access info for some reason) as that would be illegal but it is helpful in helping you find some you may like! This emulator plays many different kinds of ROMs such as CPS1, CPS2, CPS3, Cave, Konami, MAME, Neo Geo, and more.
Other features include high customization in settings. You can adjust the video aspect ratio, frameskip, and even screen mode. You can also adjust the sound frequency and output, change controllers (although some require jailbreak) and disable the arm core if your device isn't that powerful.
Note: There is currently no "Open In..." feature so most game installations will require you to use iTunes Sharing or an app like iExplorer or iFunbox. This is achieved by adding the compressed ROMs to the "Documents" folder in the root.
IMPORTANT: Before you even begin installing or playing a game, head to "Settings" after launching and select "ROMs Paths." Tap on zero (0) and select "/var/mobile/Documents/iFBA/" if you wish to be able to install any game at all! The only way currently that we have found to install games without a computer is through iFile, which requires you to be jailbroken. We're working on new ways to improve this.
If you find any issues, please contact iEmulators Support.


text:
White Pastor Chosen to Lead Black Fort Worth Church
By Scott Gordon	• Published November 27, 2019 • Updated on November 28, 2019 at 2:39 pm
When the longtime pastor who founded a black church in Fort Worth died in August, members searched for a new leader and found one notable for more than just his sermons.
Rev. Robert Rogers led Harvey Avenue Baptist Church for 53 years.
"When God gets ready to take you home, you got to go," said 77-year-old church secretary Shirley Mayes, who worked with Rogers for a half-century. "So we understand his death, but we miss him."
Following Rogers' death, deacons asked pastor Jack Teeler to preach for one Sunday service. And they liked his style.
Teeler, who is white, was assistant pastor at West Mount Moriah Church in Como.
"I've known him 10 years," Rev. Wendell Campbell said. "He is the epitome of faithfulness."
Teeler said he enjoyed preaching with Campbell and wasn't looking to leave.
"I was happy," Teeler said. "I was doing what I needed to do. I was his (Campbell's) assistant."
But across town, at Harvey Avenue, members said they fell in love with Teeler.
"Pastor Teeler? I have to pack a sack lunch for you all," Mayes said. "I could tell you so much about him. He's a great, great, loving, caring man."
But still, a white pastor in a black church?
"Who ever heard of it?" Teeler said. "I didn't even apply for the job. They called me. They said God put it in their heart."
At his inauguration, members of other churches from across the city packed Harvey Avenue to welcome him.
"I thank God for this moment in time that is unique and different," Teeler said. "It's certainly different for me."
Teeler agreed being a white pastor in a black church is unique but sees it as a lesson in a society sometimes divided along racial lines.
"I believe here I'm a person, they're a person," Teeler said. "I don't believe they look at the color of the skin. If they had any prejudice in their mind or heart at all, I do not believe they would have called a white man here to preach."
Teeler, owner of three Eyecrafters stores, grew up in a mostly white church.
He married an black woman, Brenda Teeler, 27 years ago. A few years later, he visited a black friend's church.
"The way an African-American preaches is harmonious," he said. "It has a different sound to it than being boring. 'God will do this, God will...' They have a good way of saying, 'The Lord will be with you, no matter what you're going through.'"
Teeler started preaching himself but he never saw himself doing it full time, let alone in a church with mostly black members.
"Church is the most segregated place in the world today," he said.
Teeler said he is honored by the appointment and looks forward to embracing his new position.
"Our motto here is no matter what color your skin, we are all kin," he said chuckling. "We put the labels on them. We call it the white church, the black church, the Hispanic church. We call it that. In the Bible it's only called church."
Fort WorthScott GordonassistantBAPTIST CHURCHSecretary

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


If this season's '70s-inspired trends, like flares and button-front denim skirts, aren't striking your fancy, then here's a style that just might do the trick: lace-up tops. The threaded detail was seen throughout the runway collections of Chloé, Louis Vuitton, Gucci, and Givenchy, turning the hippie piece into high fashion. Although this look can be found on swing dresses and shifts, we like the idea of pairing it with a skinny pant or denim shorts, so they don't come off too costumey.


SEO is known for its rate of change. The search landscape is constantly evolving. This section details some of the main changes between 2014 (the year when the last Econsultancy SEO Best Practice Guide was published) and 2016. This section focuses primarily on Google as it accounts for most search engine activity in English-speaking and European markets.
Algorithm updates – changes that cause significant impacts on the ranking factors behind search positions.
Interface updates – changes to the SERP that can impact SEO results.
Changes within the industry – how shifting approaches also contribute to overall change.
Despite changes to the world of SEO, it is worth noting that the core principles of ethical and modern SEO remain the same. To do better in search, marketers are recommended to focus on providing interesting, relevant and useful content.


text:
BP's profit rises in 1Q2017
Oil&Gas Materials 2 May 2017 10:37 (UTC +04:00)
BP's profit for the first quarter of 2017 was $1,449 million, compared with a loss of $583 million for the same period in 2016.
By Leman Zeynalova – Trend:
BP's profit for the first quarter of 2017 was $1,449 million, compared with a loss of $583 million for the same period in 2016, the company said in its report.
"Organic capital expenditure for the first quarter was $3.5 billion, compared with $4.5 billion for the same period in 2016. We continue to expect organic capital expenditure to be in the range of $15-17 billion for 2017," said the company. "Inorganic capital expenditure for the first quarter was $0.5 billion. There was no inorganic capital expenditure for the same period in 2016."
BP's Upstream major project program is on track to provide 800,000 barrels of oil equivalent per day of new production by 2020, according to the report.
"We expect second-quarter 2017 reported production to be broadly flat with the first quarter with the continued ramp-up of major projects offset by seasonal turnaround and maintenance activities," said the company.
BP chief executive Bob Dudley said that the company is focused on the disciplined delivery of its plans.
"Our year started well. First quarter earnings and cash flow were robust. We have shown continued operational momentum - it was another strong quarter for the Downstream and the first of our seven new Upstream major projects has started up, with a further three near completion. We expect these to drive a material improvement in operating cash flow from the second half," he added.
BP is a global energy company with wide reach across the world's energy system. It has operations in Europe, North and South America, Australasia, Asia and Africa.
It is the largest foreign investor in Azerbaijan's oil and gas sector and the operator of the Azeri-Chirag-Gunashli offshore oil and gas block, as well as the Shah Deniz gas and condensate field.
BP is also a participant of such pipeline projects as the Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan and South Caucasus Pipeline.
Follow the author on Twitter: @Lyaman_Zeyn
oil and oil products
Italian Embassy in Baku extends condolences to Azerbaijan


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- A user to be able to sign up and get their own 'dashboard area'.
- For us to ask them the title of a project and a few questions behind it.
- An area at the bottom of the screen where we can send the user feedback or suggestions to blog posts or other links.
- The user can only add only 5 tasks at a time. To start a new 5 they need to have completed the first 5.
- Each task can be clicked on to show a break down of steps which need to be clicked to say complete. A task is only complete when all steps have been ticked.
- We would like a percentage progress bar for each task (which goes up every time a step within the task is complete).
- We would also like to get some scores on a few metrics every time they complete a step, and whenever they feel like they want to record a score.
We'd also like to have a dashboard area for admin to show users and their tasks, as well as those asking for help. We'd like to be able to add and send any tasks to their own dashboard. Its up to them to be able to choose them and add them to their task list.
We also want to see what each user is working on and their scores.
We are happy to discuss and provide more detailed info once a freelancer is chosen. We're also happy to use other plugins such as buddypress for member management.


text:
package org.concord.energy3d.undo;

import javax.swing.undo.CannotRedoException;
import javax.swing.undo.CannotUndoException;

import org.concord.energy3d.model.Rack;

public class ChangeMonthlyTiltAnglesCommand extends MyAbstractUndoableEdit {

	private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
	private final double[] oldValues;
	private double[] newValues;
	private final Rack rack;

	public ChangeMonthlyTiltAnglesCommand(final Rack rack) {
		this.rack = rack;
		oldValues = rack.getMonthlyTiltAngles();
	}

	public Rack getRack() {
		return rack;
	}

	public double[] getOldValues() {
		return oldValues;
	}

	public double[] getNewValues() {
		return newValues;
	}

	@Override
	public void undo() throws CannotUndoException {
		super.undo();
		newValues = rack.getMonthlyTiltAngles();
		rack.setMonthlyTiltAngles(oldValues);
		rack.draw();
	}

	@Override
	public void redo() throws CannotRedoException {
		super.redo();
		rack.setMonthlyTiltAngles(newValues);
		rack.draw();
	}

	@Override
	public String getPresentationName() {
		return "Change Monthly Tilt Angles";
	}

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Workbench deploy I have retrieved the unmanaged package using workbench from one org and have to deploy the that in another org .
I'am directly deploying the retrieved package by just logging into another org using Workbench but the user which was present in the org I retrieved from is not present in the org in which I will deploy.
Does this create an error while deploying using Workbench because I am facing the same error while deployment?

A: Any metadata that references a user, such as assignment rules, won't deploy correctly if that user isn't present in the target org.
To correct this, you can unzip the metadata and manually update each entry to point to a user that does exist in the target org.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
HomeNewsCystic Fibrosis 'miracle drug' headed to B.C.
Cystic Fibrosis 'miracle drug' headed to B.C.
By Nicholas Arnold
Tuesday, Oct. 5th, 2021
What many are calling a 'miracle drug' for those with cystic fibrosis (CF) is making its way to British Columbia. Trikafta is coming to BC and will receive provincial coverage. The drug was approved in most other first-world countries before Canada who just approved it at the end of August.
This drug could add years to the lives of the five hundred people living with CF in BC. In the 1960s, the median age of survival for those with the disease was four years old. In 2019, it was 57 years old, and with wider use of Trikafta that age could continue to rise.
CF is a genetic disease that mainly affects the respiratory and digestive systems with its impact felt throughout the body. It weakens the immune system, doesn't allow the body to easily process fats and proteins without external enzymes, and even hampers the ability to naturally reproduce. The disease is fatal and leads most born with it to succumb to complications in the lungs.
Trikafta is a triple-combination medication of ivacaftor, tezacaftor and elexacaftor produced by Vertex Pharmaceuticals.
Michael, who lives with cystic fibrosis, tells our newsroom this drug could give him a normal life. He says that the drug could give him full use of his lungs and could give him the ability to naturally have children.
Michael says that treatment could lead to complications in the kidneys later on, but he feels the gain in life expectancy far outweighs that risk.
The drug has been unattainable to many until now as it has a list price of $311-thousand per year. It will be covered by the BC Expensive Drugs for Rare Diseases process. Cystic Fibrosis Canada BC's Christine Black says they're thrilled that Trikafta is coming to patients in BC.
"Some patients with cystic fibrosis can't take long walks or even laugh without coughing and trying to catch their breath," Black says. "With the Province's actions, they'll be able to enjoy activities many of us take for granted."
The province also announced a new network for those with CF to access specialists. It's called Cystic Fibrosis Care BC. The network was made with help from Cystic Fibrosis Canada. It's the first of its kind in Canada.
Provincial medical director, Dr. Mark Chilvers, says that with medical advancements in recent years, the population of those with CF is growing. The province has the number pegged at a 30-percent increase.
"We're seeing an increase of cystic fibrosis patients surviving into adulthood," says Chilvers. "With growing life expectancy and higher patient volumes, we need this co-ordinated, provincial model of care. Cystic Fibrosis Care BC will support patients in achieving optimal health outcomes."


PALMER - The Mohegan Indian tribe has unveiled a plan for a $1 billion casino in Palmer, which would include 4,000 slot machines, a 600 room hotel and a giant retail center.
PALMER, Mass. (AP) � The Mohegan Indian tribe has unveiled a plan for a $1 billion casino in Palmer.
The proposed casino would include up to 4,000 slot machines, a 600 room hotel and a giant retail center in the western Massachusetts town.
The plan is the Mohegan tribe�s answer to a billion dollar casino proposed by the Mashpee Wampanoag tribe in Middleborough. Both plans are contingent on whether lawmakers approve casino gambling in the state.
The Mohegans already run the Mohegan Sun casino in Connecticut.
The town of Palmer has considered the casino idea before. Voters approved a nonbinding referendum in the 1990s that called for a casino there.
The issue will be discussed at a town council meeting next month.


text:
Q: React app connect to the internal ip of the backend I have a react app in the docker and nodejs backend both deployed in the VPC.
I try to connect to the backend from the frontend using the internal IP and get the Error in connection establishment: net:: ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED
I have no idea how react and frontend works. But I can run the curl from the frontend docker to the backend internal Ip. My question is, is this even possible?


Proc Print data  = &data.
NOTE: The data set WORK.FREQ_CLASS_SEX has 2 observations and 3 variables.
,':' !! trim(Name) !! '1 - :' !! trim(Name) !! "2"
NOTE: The PROCEDURE PRINT printed page 1.
This page was last modified on 29 June 2012, at 06:34.


As I read GrantCraft's latest report, How Community Philanthropy Shifts Power: What Donors Can Do to Help Make That HappenI found myself scribbling down thoughts relating to nonprofit performance evaluations. Less than a week before, I completed my first year in a doctoral program at the Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, after working in the nonprofit sector for almost two decades, including nearly ten years with a community philanthropy organization. The GrantCraft report, co-written by Jenny Hodgson and Anna Pond, provides so much practical advice for funders seeking to contribute to positive development outcomes. I particularly welcome the report's guidance on how funders can use metrics and due diligence to empower local people.
I was recently recovering from the results of the general election in Hungary, and desperate to find new ways to advance my work, when I came across How Community Philanthropy Shifts Power: What Donors Can Do To Help Make That Happen by Jenny Hodgson and Anna Pond, a new leadership paper from GrantCraft and the Global Alliance for Community Philanthropy. Having read a decent amount about how to practice and promote community philanthropy, I was glad to find a publication that aims to support "big donors" (or brave staff of big institutional donors) interested in going beyond paying customary lip service to the topic and to delve into it meaningfully.


Discussion in 'Sick Plants and Problems' started by nowomannocry, May 16, 2006.
Probably Thrips. Put some garlic powder in your dirt.
Tiny bugs in my soil?!
HELP tiny bugs in my soil!
Little tiny bugs in my soil.


"Bananagrams" is a commission piece I did for a wonderful lady from Canada. It's a gift for her husband. He has a sweet tooth, loves Sci-Fi and Bananagrams, so I put together a scenery with all the elements together. Cheers!


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Retail Kraft is an uncoated, light weight Machine Finished (MF) kraft paper, ideal for a wide variety of both creative and practical applications across a broad spectrum of industries. Recommended as safe for use in contact with all food types. Retail Kraft is produced using ECF, PEFC® certified pulp and manufactured under the internationally recognised ISO14001 Environmental Management System.


Norman hears these words from his grandmother at the beginning of ParaNorman, a film by the stop-motion animation studio LAIKA. She says this after seeing a zombie eat a woman's head in a movie, because, as Norman explains, "it's what [zombies] do." Norman rolls his eyes when his grandmother recommends talking it through, because how could you talk something through with a zombie? It would be impossible. Silly to even try. Why would anyone think they could resolve a conflict with zombies with anything but violence?
We expect a certain degree of pacifism in children's movies, in that we do not expect villains to be vanquished by bloody violence when the story's target demographic is younger than 13. To fulfill the plot, villains of children's movies have to be stopped, but the hero of a children's movie obviously can't kill somebody and still be considered a role model for kids. Thus, children's movies tend to find convenient, clean, impersonal ways for villains to die, ways that the heroes are not directly responsible for (falling off a cliff, exploding, or both are perennial favorites). This is a kind of lazy pacifism—writers knowing that kids shouldn't be taught to kill, but not really caring about actively teaching them not to. An explosion is a satisfying end to a villain, an easily identified climax, and writers are usually more interested in delivering satisfying endings than in having their heroes be pacifists.
This is not to say that it's necessarily a problem that most children's movies aren't really nonviolent at heart, but it does make the films of LAIKA stand out. LAIKA takes its pacifism seriously; they have their protagonists (as in, the characters children will most identify with) actively try to find nonviolent ways to resolve problems. Three of LAIKA's films, The Boxtrolls, Kubo and the Two Strings, and ParaNorman, are examples of this brand of active pacifism. And in Kubo and ParaNorman they take it a step further by bringing this sensibility to genres usually characterized by gore.
The Boxtrolls is an example of the typical style of children's movie (in that its villain dies in a funny way not directly caused the protagonist), but it still reveals LAIKA's pacifist leanings in its final confrontation. The antagonist of the film, Archibald P. Snatcher, dies because he explodes after eating too much cheese. Multiple characters have warned him against it, as he has already displayed a deathly cheese allergy, but cheese is a symbol of power and respect in the world of The Boxtrolls, and Snatcher will stop at nothing to obtain this symbol. In another film, Eggs might have smirked as he saw Snatcher about to eat himself to death, an understandable schadenfreude after Snatcher had tried to kill the boxtrolls who raised Eggs. Instead, Eggs makes one last, heartfelt plea to the man: "don't do it," he says. "Cheese, hats, boxes… they don't make you. You make you." It is the central theme of the film—that a person cannot be measured by their outfit or status—that Eggs sums up here, and it is a real effort to stop Snatcher from destroying himself, even if it is unsuccessful.
You'll notice, watching these three films, that LAIKA protagonists have a habit of stating and embodying the messages of their stories in these climactic conversations. Kubo is no different from Eggs in this regard. The most recent and violent of the three films, Kubo and the Two Strings is a film about death and grief. The villain of the film is Kubo's grandfather, the Moon King, an immortal deity who would rather kill his family members than let them remain on Earth, mortal. He will stop at nothing to keep Kubo in the sky forever, a fate Kubo's mother and father fought and died to avoid.
The Moon King is afraid of death, and he has figured out a way to elude it eternally. He reigns in the sky, unchanging, apart from the flaws and transience of the human world below. Kubo and the Two Strings is all about coming to terms with death, and the Moon King refuses to, not even hesitating to doom others to the fate he fears in his attempts to escape it. But killing the Moon King isn't the answer, even though the whole film seems to be gearing up for it. In his last stand against his grandfather, which takes place in a graveyard, Kubo finds a different path.
Kubo spends nearly the entire film collecting powerful objects that turn out to be unnecessary. His father's armor, helmet, and sword, said to be the only things capable of stopping the Moon King, are the tools that Kubo goes to great lengths to find, and he does use them at first. He fights the Moon King's monstrous form, slashing his underbelly and even blinding him in one eye. But Kubo ultimately discards these implements of war in favor of his shamisen strung with his father's bowstring, his mother's hair, and a strand of his own.
Instead of taking up the sword, Kubo honors his parents by playing for them, and the wave of these memories (which Kubo calls "the most powerful kind of magic there is") engulfs the Moon King, rendering him mortal. The former king awakens an amnesiac, saying he has forgotten his story, because until he was mortal, he did not have one. The villagers, in an act of forgiveness, convince him he is a good man, a pillar of the community. In a story characterized by death, the conflict is resolved with music and forgiveness.
Which brings us back to ParaNorman, perhaps the best example of LAIKA's particular brand of pacifism. Just like Kubo, Norman finds himself in a genre known for violence; Kubo had to choose not to use his father's sword, and Norman has to convince the people of his hometown not to use similar weapons. And like Kubo and the Two Strings, to understand the conflict of ParaNorman you have to understand its "villain," Angry Aggie, a witch put to death by the town council many years ago.
There is a reason for Angry Aggie's nickname. The witch of ParaNorman is angry and more—vengeful, vindictive, and remorseless. She is also a little girl who was executed by frightened townsfolk in the name of misguided justice. This horrible, violent mistake by the townspeople is the starting point for the film's plot, which sees Norman and his friends trying to stop Aggie from taking her revenge on the town. But along the way, the corpses of the long-dead council that executed Aggie rise up, and the living townspeople reflexively attack, assuming that these zombies wish them harm. It is a mistake born of the same fear that caused the zombie council to kill Aggie, for which the zombies are attempting to atone. Norman's friends help him convince the town to let the zombies go, but Norman has to face Aggie alone.
Guided by the zombies, Norman goes to Aggie's grave to help her ghost move on. Aggie lashes out at Norman, even pushes him around not unlike a playground bully, all the while screaming out her desire to make everyone suffer. Norman doesn't use any weapon or magic in this scene, nothing more than his words and his understanding of how and why Aggie is hurting. He points out that by making the town suffer, Aggie would be punishing innocent people, doing the same thing that was done to her. He shows that she's using the tactics of a bully, and he reminds her that there was someone in her life who cared for her.
In a flash, Aggie goes from vengeful spirit to scared girl. She looks at her hands, human again, no longer made of lightning and fury. She remembers her mother, who used to tell her fairy tales. She talks to Norman, who looks an awful lot like her, and listens when he tells her about his own journey, how he used to think there weren't any good people in the world until he made friends. He says there is always someone out there for her, and she thinks of her mother, who has passed on. Then, sitting peacefully next to Norman, she, too, moves on from the world.
People can make mistakes, but hurting them in return solves nothing. All it takes is one person able to understand and empathize, and a cycle of violence can turn into a problem solved with words. The message of ParaNorman is that if you listen and understand, no one has to get hurt.
In the final moments of their stories, the goal of the heroes in ParaNorman, Kubo and the Two Strings, and even The Boxtrolls, is not to win, to defeat, or to vanquish. It is to convince, to help, and to forgive. LAIKA gives children role models that can resolve conflicts peacefully even in the face of violence. Snatcher threatens nearly everyone Eggs loves, and Eggs still tries to save him from his self-destruction. The Moon King rampages through Kubo's hometown as a giant beast, and Kubo still chooses to make him a part of his family instead of striking him down with a sword. Angry Aggie is a ghost witch made of lightning that goes out of her way to hurt Norman, and Norman still sees past it and helps her let go of her harmful grudges.
Seeing the humanity in someone who has harmed you and choosing to forgive them is the act of a hero. LAIKA crafts stories that do not ignore the violence of the world yet end with their heroes choosing a nonviolent path. It is clear the kind of message that LAIKA wants to impart on the children watching its movies, that even when surrounded by violence, pain, and death, they do not have to be defined by them. Despite the root of the word, pacifism is usually not a passive choice—it is a difficult choice that must be actively pursued with both empathy and persistence. LAIKA shows children how to make it.


$225,000 of our budget is met through the proceeds from our stores in West Michigan! During this year consider supporting the PBM stores and continue shopping with a mission and investing in Eternity!
Rewards for You as You Support Youth in Your Community!
B2 Outlet Stores is a faith-based initiative that weaves together a missional purpose with an emerging business model that seeks to restore hope, inspire vision and empower change locally and globally. B2 Outlet Stores sells quality merchandise at reduced prices, then donates the majority of the profits to organizations engaging in transformational, Kingdom work.
Paradise Bound became a ministry partner of B2 at our Standale location in 2017, serving as a means of monthly sustainable income by receiving a percentage of sales each month. In March of 2018, the PBM board approved a second store, and the northside Holland Store became the second designated PBM store, with a goal to add additional stores in the future.
The "designated store" relationship, however, is only one part of this partnership. Youth and adults working at B2 had the privilege of serving on a PBM Guatemala mission team this past year. Lives were changed as one young B2 team member was baptized following the trip. Others returned to their jobs with a new sense of purpose and spiritual hunger. B2 is planning a second trip in March 2019, with a goal that several more workers would receive this incredible opportunity to be the hands and feet of Christ in Guatemala!
The B2 concept began in 2014 when founders/owners Matt and Duane Smith purchased a small online auction company with life insurance monies following the loss of their mother/wife, Karin (after a lengthy battle with cancer). Although this son/father duo soon discovered the labor-intensive challenges of an online auction, they didn't give up, rather redirecting their energies into the development of Benefit Twice Outlet Stores (now B2). Four years later and with 220 employees, the company has 17 stores throughout Michigan and is expanding out of state through their Designated Store Initiative.


The picture above is one part of 30 inch high bookshelves, entitled shop universal 2 shelf bookcase free shipping today overstock. You can make a comparison with the 30 inch high shelf wayfair, or even compare it with the wide bookcases.
Dirt brown are dominant on this shop universal 2 shelf bookcase free shipping today overstock due to table below. Then white & dirt color scheme is make it perfect. Combination beetween dark olive, purple brown, dark beige, very light pink and toupe are wraping around the room.


This is a super cool and super huge balloon! It's a 3 dimensional balloon and stands 54" tall. This is a helium filled balloon and yes we can add more balloons to be tied to his hands. Call for more details or order this online to be delivered to locally.
This is a super cool ans super huge balloon! It's a 3 dimensional balloon and stands around 6ft tall. This is a helium filled balloon and yes we can add more balloons to be tied to his hands. Call for more details or order this online to be delivered to locally.
This is a super cool ans super huge balloon! It's a 3 dimensional balloon and stands a little 5ft tall. This is a helium filled balloon and yes we can add more balloons to be tied to his hands. Call for more details or order this online to be delivered to locally.


One man was shot in the back during the early morning J'Ouvert festival in Crown Heights, while two women were also injured by gunfire in the hours before the start of the festival.
One man was reportedly shot in the back on Monday morning at 7:30am during the J'Ouvert festival, ahead of the West Indian American Day Parade, on Nostrand Avenue and Park Place, which is outside the official parade route.
Two additional women were shot on Sunday evening ahead of the event on Flatbush Avenue and Herkimer Street. One of the victims was stuck in the elbow, while another was grazed in the leg.
All the victims were taken to nearby hospitals and are expected to survive.
Last year organizers of the festival, working together with law enforcement and local elected officials, changed the start time of the event from 2:00am to 6:00am and added hundreds of light towers and additional police officers in an effort to curb the violence which was often synonymous with the event.
The changes seem to have paid off with significantly less violence and injuries reported this year, as well as the year before.
After hearing about the violence which constantly plagues the West Indian Day Parade and the recent crime on Jewish victims getting mugged assaulted, stabbed and strangled, I do notice a pattern.
They all happened during a Donald Trump Presidency.
I applaud our Politicians on raising their voices against Donald Trump who is responsible for causing the recent violence on innocent people ( baby pictures of the shooters not available for this article).
No, you got it all wrong, it is because of Bill Deblasio the mayer and all of he democrats that you help elect that are soft on crime.
To #1. Make Brooklyn great again.
in regARDS TO#1 IF DON'T KNOW THE FACTS KEEP YOUR COMMENTS TO YOURSELF!
#1 is being sarcastic, it is all de blasios fault and the kiss ups to him that CLAIM to represent us.
Next year in addition to the 4,000 nypd cops, i propose 20,000 national guardsmen with armored vehicles, tanks, and artillery batteries.
Maybe, just maybe, that extra security help will inspire a parade with ZERO shootings.
Thank you #9 & #12.
I was almost going to go back to the Borscht belt, since this seemed like a rough crowd.
All joking aside, the problem is guns and individuals who have a gangsta / criminal attitude.
Until then I can only dream of surveillance cameras on every street corner with license plate reading technology, shot spotter listening devices, and a Shomrim Drone with a Yarmulke on top chasing down the bad guys.
I read that they dip themselves in motor oil and go nuts. Classy huh? When will they put an end to this disgusting parade. Time to call it quits.
Come on, people. Was "(baby pictures of the shooters not available for this article)" not enough of a clue for you?


Description: Comments: clean and very good . Format: Hardcover. Pages: 80.
Mary Ward Books is an independent online bookstore specialising in second hand, out of print books and used books such as Practical Microwave Handbook by McWilliam, Jill. We offer a book search facility and secure payments via PayPal and Nochex.
Mary Ward Books is based in East Anglia, United Kingdom. We were established in 1997 and have been selling books online since 2002. We ship worldwide, please click here to see our shipping charges for Practical Microwave Handbook by McWilliam, Jill.


Everytime I go out with my camera I enjoy knowing when I come back to my office and retouch my images, I will make someone happy with beautiful memories or clear images to support their business.
Are you looking for beautiful memories or clear and vivid images for your business?
I will be happy to make the images you are looking for.
We all can ride a bicycle, a car or paint our houses. Being a professional runner, taxidriver of painter takes a lot of training, practice and knowhow of the tools to use for the professional results you want.
A PROFESSIONAL PHOTOGRAPHER KNOWS HOW TO CONNECT CEATIVITY TO TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE.
Since 2009 I am working as a professional photographer. With my ability to empathize with you and your company I will create the images to meet your expectation. I will focus on your needs. Whether I work during a wedding or picture your company or brand. I strongly believe it is essential to connect with you and company or brand. My images need to reflect who you are or where your company or brand stand for.
I am a part of your images.


D&B Tailors opened a dry cleaning service in 1970 at the request of its many loyal customers, who could not find suitable garment care for their custom clothes. Today, D&B dry cleaning has become the first choice for discerning customers all along the Main Line.
We invite you to read this post and come visit our shop in Newtown Square shop in PA, to learn more about the dry cleaning process and how to best care for your garments, both at home and professionally.
* For more dry cleaning tips, visit our blog!


Florence + the Machine are headlining the Isle of Wight's famous Bestival this year, and they celebrated the announcement by recording a cover of the Talking Heads classic "Wild Wild Life." A few months ago we would've thought it was a weird choice for Florence, but that was before her Drake andOtis Redding covers – basically, girl's gonna cover what she wants! We're digging her band's stripped-down instrumentation and the adorable video in which they all appear in animal costumes, but if you're at all used to David Byrne's crazy vocal idiosyncrasies in the original, Florence's impossibly gorgeous voice will take some getting used to. Check it out.
Previously, we heard Dev Hynes (aka Lightspeed Champion!) remix / reconstruct "Never Let Me Go."


text:
Korona królewska Napoleona I – korona królewska wykonana w 1805 roku dla Napoleona I przed jego koronacją na króla Włoch.

17 marca 1805 w miejsce Republiki Włoch proklamowano utworzenie Królestwa Włoch. Wybrany królem Napoleon I wzorem średniowiecznych cesarzy postanowił uroczyście koronować się w Mediolanie na władcę Italii.

W Paryżu przygotowano strój koronacyjny oraz wykonano stosowne na tę okoliczność insygnia. Wśród nich była zrobiona w zakładzie jubilerskim Marguerite'a korona.

Gdy Napoleon I przybył do Mediolanu, zrezygnował jednak z jej użycia i podczas uroczystości intronizacyjnych 26 maja 1805 roku w katedrze mediolańskiej zastąpił ją historyczną żelazną koroną.

Obecnie korona królewska Napoleona I obok innych pamiątek napoleońskich jest przechowywana w Muzeum Zjednoczenia Włoch w Mediolanie.

Zobacz też
 Korona cesarska Napoleona I
 Order Żelaznej Korony

Linki zewnętrzne

 Museo del Risorgimento
 Museo del Risorgimento - Milan

Napoleona I, Korona królewska
Napoleon Bonaparte

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Work sessions are scheduled for the second Tuesday of each month. See the Board Meetings page for meeting information.
Board agenda and minutes are available via Boardbook.
Access live and archived videos of meetings held by the Board of Trustees on the Board Meeting Videos.


text:
Free Civil Information Sheet - All
State: All
http://www.kanawai.com/forms/civinfo.pdf
Download Download Civil Information Sheet ( 63.4 kB)
Preview Civil Information Sheet
General information part 1 General information part 2 CIVIL INFORMATION SHEET
I. PLAINTIFF(S)
General information part 3 General information part 4
I. (a) PLAINTIFF ATTORNEY (NAME & NUMBER)
DEFENDANT ATTORNEY (IF KNOWN)
II. NATURE OF SUIT
u (101) Contract u (201) Motor Vehicle Tort u (301) Assault & Battery u (302) Construction Defects u (303) Medical Malpractice u (304) Legal Malpractice u (306) Product Liability u (399) Other Non-Vehicle Tort u (401) Condemnation
DEFENDANT(S)
u (501) Foreclosure u (511) Agreement of Sale Foreclosure u (503) Agency Appeal u (504) Declaratory Judgment u (599) Other Civil Action
III. ORIGIN u A. Original Proceeding u B. Transfer from District Court u C. Transfer from another Circuit IV. DEMAND $ ______________________________________________________________________ V. JURY DEMAND u YES u NO VIII. RELATED CASE(S) JUDGE ________________________________________________________________ DOCKET ______________________________________________________________ VI. CLASS ACTION u YES u NO VII. REQUEST TO EXEMPT FROM ARBITRATION u YES u NO
RESERVED FOR COURT USE
IX. SIGNATURE OF ATTORNEY OF RECORD
CIV NO ____________________________________________________________
1C-P-167
INSTRUCTIONS FOR ATTORNEYS COMPLETING THE CIVIL INFORMATION SHEET
The civil information sheet and the information contained herein neither replaces nor supplements the filings, the service pleadings or other papers as required by law, except as provided by the rules of court. This form is required by the Clerk of Court for the purpose of initiating the civil docket sheet. Consequently, a civil information sheet is submitted to the Clerk of Court for each civil complaint filed. The attorney filing a civil complaint is to complete the form as follows: I. PLAINTIFFS-DEFENDANTS List names: last, first, middle initial. If the plaintiff or defendant is a government agency, use only the full name. If the plaintiff or defendant is an official within a government agency, first identify the agency and then the official's name and title. If there are several plaintiffs-defendants, list them on an attachment noting in this section, "(see attachment)". 1(a). ATTORNEYS List the attorney's name and license number. If there are several attorneys, list them on an attachment noting in this section, "(see attachment". II. NATURE OF SUIT Place an " " in the appropriate box. If the cause fits more than one nature of suit, select the most definitive. III. ORIGIN A. Original Proceedings: cases originating in the circuit district. B. Transfer from District Court: cases transferred from district court under Hawaii Rev. Stat. �604-5, 633-31 (1985). C. Transfer from another Circuit: cases transferred from another circuit under Hawaii Rev. Stat �603-37-37.5 (1985). IV. DEMAND Indicate the remedy being demanded such as a monetary sum or preliminary injunction. V. JURY DEMAND Indicate whether or not a jury is being demanded. VI. CLASS ACTION Indicate whether or not a class action is being filed. VII. REQUEST TO EXEMPT FROM ARBITRATION Indicate whether or not the form, "Request to Exempt from Arbitration" is being filed. VIII. RELATED CASES List the docket number(s) and the corresponding judge for related pending cases. IX. DATE AND ATTORNEY SIGNATURE Date and sign the civil information sheet.
•1c-p-306
•1f-p-163
•Add'l Claims Information Sheet
•Document3
•Request2.pdf
•Return Of Service
•Sheriff
•Standard Jury Instructions
•Stsumms
•Summons
•Trans.pdf
•Uncontested Divorce Forms


text:
package org.kjots.json.object.gwt.client;

import org.kjots.json.object.shared.JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase;

/**
 * GWT JSON Object Generator Object GWT Test.
 *

 * Created: 3rd April 2010.
 *
 * @author Karl J. Ots <kjots@kjots.org>
 * @since 1.0
 */
public class GwtJsonObjectGeneratorObjectGwtTest extends GwtJsonObjectGwtTestBase {
  /** The JSON object generator object test delegate. */
  private final JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate = new JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase() {
  };

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetObjectProperty()
   */
  public void testGetObjectProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetObjectProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetObjectProperty()
   */
  public void testSetObjectProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetObjectProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetAdaptedObjectProperty()
   */
  public void testGetAdaptedObjectProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetAdaptedObjectProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetAdaptedObjectProperty()
   */
  public void testSetAdaptedObjectProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetAdaptedObjectProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testGetArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testSetArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetObjectArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testGetObjectArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetObjectArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetNullObjectArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testGetNullObjectArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetNullObjectArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetObjectArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testSetObjectArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetObjectArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetPropertyObjectArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testGetPropertyObjectArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetPropertyObjectArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetAdaptedObjectArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testGetAdaptedObjectArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetAdaptedObjectArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetAdaptedObjectArrayProperty()
   */
  public void testSetAdaptedObjectArrayProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetAdaptedObjectArrayProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetObjectMapProperty()
   */
  public void testGetObjectMapProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetObjectMapProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetNullObjectMapProperty()
   */
  public void testGetNullObjectMapProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetNullObjectMapProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetObjectMapProperty()
   */
  public void testSetObjectMapProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetObjectMapProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetPropertyObjectMapProperty()
   */
  public void testGetPropertyObjectMapProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetPropertyObjectMapProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testGetAdaptedObjectMapProperty()
   */
  public void testGetAdaptedObjectMapProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testGetAdaptedObjectMapProperty();
  }

  /**
   * @see JsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestBase#testSetAdaptedObjectMapProperty()
   */
  public void testSetAdaptedObjectMapProperty() {
    this.jsonObjectGeneratorObjectTestDelegate.testSetAdaptedObjectMapProperty();
  }
}


Charles "Teenie" Harris, Children wearing Halloween costumes at Bedford Dwellings, October 31, 1941, black and white: Agfa Safety Film, Carnegie Museum of Art, Heinz Family Fund, 2001.35.6426 © 2006 Teenie Harris Archive.
This entry was posted in Teenie Harris Archive and tagged halloween on October 30, 2014 .
K. Chase Patterson and Alma Speed Fox, curators of Teenie Harris Photographs: Civil Rights Perspectives, during a visit to the Teenie Harris Archive at Carnegie Museum of Art in September 2014.
Here at Carnegie Museum of Art we've just installed the latest show of Charles "Teenie" Harris's work in the Lobby Gallery, featuring 25 images on a particular theme as selected by guest curators. The exhibition, Teenie Harris Photographs: Civil Rights Perspectives, is quite special because the theme of civil rights is by far the largest of Harris's work. He documented not only protest marches and demonstrations, but the meetings held to plan them; integration efforts in education, employment, and the military; African Americans who were the first to hold particular jobs and political roles in Western Pennsylvania; housing discrimination and poor living conditions; injustices in urban redevelopment; and the day-to-day struggles and joys where basic rights were denied or granted. This is the first look into this enormous and important topic of his work.
We were honored to work with guest curators Alma Speed Fox, former Executive Director, Pittsburgh NAACP and founding member and Executive Vice President of Freedom Unlimited, and K. Chase Patterson, President and CEO of Corporate Diversity Associates and Chairman of Centennial Human Rights Dinner, Pittsburgh NAACP. Their conversations about who were in the pictures and what they were doing, were often valuable and vast, and could not possibly fit on a label, such as the passage below about one of Harris's iconic images from the civil rights movement.
This entry was posted in Teenie Harris Archive on October 20, 2014 .
Teenie Harris is perhaps best known for his ability to photograph people and capture their spectrum of expressions as well as truthfully document their life events. He was surrounded by family, friends, and a large community who seemed to be drawn to him and offered their trust to his lens, as well as frequently "photobombed" the margins of his frame while he was on assignment.
This entry was posted in Architecture, Museum News, Photography, Pittsburgh, Teenie Harris Archive on May 20, 2014 .
This entry was posted in Photography, Pittsburgh, Teenie Harris Archive on May 6, 2014 .


It just does not get better than this! Kirk Island on the Minnesota side of Lake of the Woods is situated right in the heart of Little Traverse Bay. Island boasts 1400 ft of frontage, 4.5 private acres, a private protected harbor with multiple slips, magnificent sunsets, world class year round fishing and the ultimate experience in waterfowl hunting. Island can comfortably sleep 12 plus people and is accessible by boat, track vehicle, float plane or ski plane. Call to schedule a private showing.