Fancy some wine? Take the "Areni Wine Tour" Trail in Vayots Dzor. Armenian wines have been gracing Armenian tables for at least 6000 years - the world's oldest winery was just discovered at Noravank's Birds Cave in 2010! This wine trail takes in both some history but also the wineries that make up the tradition of wine-making in the Vayots Dzor region. Though current varietals are still in their infancy, they are gaining international notice, especially Areni Country red, Areni Maran and Areni Gedeon, which compare favorably with French table varieties. In 2013, Armenian Muscat produced by Armenia Wine Factory was recognized as "the best in the world" by 13th edition of Muscats du Monde® (Best Muscats of the world). "Avshar Wine Tour" Trail in Ararat Marz. Avshar wine factory is one of the greatest producers of alcohol drinks in Armenia. The name of the factory is known for more than forty years. From 1968 the factory began to act as a state company but with the independence of Armenia and market economic transitions the factory was in need of radical change and since 1995 it was privatized. Avshar wine factory is located in Ararat region, village Avshar, Republic of Armenia. This place is known as the heart of the country, which is rich in fruitful gardens and fields famous for incomparable types of fruits, vegetables and grained pulses. The region is known to have wine treatment history even since BC, when Noy came down from the Ararat, just where he planted the first wine field. The Factory history begins from 1968. For many years the factory has specialized in wine and brandy production, but together with the company's increasing fame in the market, Avshar wine factory has enlarged it's framework of activities in producing vodka as well. The factory produced fruits' alcohol goods that were known both in Soviet Union and Japan. At present the factory is one of the leaders in alcohol drinks production of Armenia. The founder of the company is Temur I. Grigoryan. He held the factory till 1994 after which the factory supervision was transferred to his son Arayik T. Grigoryan. After the factory's privatization a total reconstruction was realized. Now the factory is armed with modern equipments and technologies being under the constant control of professional workers, which have long term of experience in the field of wine, brandy and vodka production. Due to the unique quality of produced vodka, wine and brandy the factory achieved acceptance not only in local market but in foreign as well. The vodka represented in the market by Avshar wine factory is treated by three leveled filtration. This process allows achieving of the product's perfect clearness and rare taste. The high taste and aroma of wines and brandies is the result of traditional wine selection and cultivation that comes from centuries.


text:
\section{Introduction}

In July 2012, discovery of a new particle with a mass of 125 GeV was
announced by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the CERN Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) \cite{LHC}.  Properties of the discovered particle have
turned out to be consistent with those of the Higgs boson of the
Standard Model (SM) within the error.  The SM has been experimentally
confirmed as a low-energy effective theory that consistently describes
every phenomenon at energy scales below ${\cal O}(100)$ GeV.
Although the SM is very successful, several phenomena which
cannot be explained in the framework of the SM have been known, such as
neutrino oscillations, the abundance of dark
matter and baryon asymmetry of the Universe.
In order to account for such strong evidence we need to go beyond
the SM.

It should be emphasized that many new physics models which can explain the
new phenomena mentioned above demand extension of the Higgs sector.  Given
such a non-minimal Higgs sector, a SM-like Higgs boson with
a mass of 125 GeV is not exactly
the SM one, and has different characteristic properties from their SM
predictions.  Therefore, it is plausible that hints of new physics are
obtained by investigating properties of the discovered Higgs boson.
In this viewpoint, the discovered Higgs boson is a window to new
physics.

Indeed, one of the best strategies for exploring new physics is to
investigate its effects that appear in the couplings of the discovered
Higgs boson to SM particles.  Since the magnitudes of these Higgs
boson couplings depend strongly on masses and couplings of particles
yet to be discovered, fingerprinting of the Higgs boson couplings is
useful in determining the energy scale of new physics and further in
distinguishing new physics models behind.  At the LHC, deviations of
the Higgs boson couplings from their SM predictions are currently
constrained typically with 10\% \cite{LHC-kappa}.  At future
electron-positron colliders such as the International Linear Collider
(ILC) \cite{ILC}, the Compact LInear Collider (CLIC) \cite{CLIC} and
the Future Circular Collier of electrons and positrons (FCC-ee)
\cite{FCC-ee}, accuracies for measurements of various Higgs boson
couplings will be significantly improved to a percent level or better
\cite{Peskin:2012we,ILC-TDR2,ILCHiggsWhitePaper}.  Loop corrections
from new particles also give characteristic deviation patterns in
these couplings.  Precision measurements at future collider
experiments can differentiate such small deviations.  Therefore, it is
crucial to perform fingerprinting of the deviation pattern of the
Higgs boson couplings based on precise computations including
radiative corrections in beyond-the-SM (BSM) models for estimating the
scale of new physics indirectly.

Among ever proposed BSM models, supersymmetric (SUSY) extension of the
SM is one of the excellent paradigms \cite{SUSY}.  Introducing
superparticles whose spins are different from the SM counterparts by
one half, an unnatural cancellation between the bare mass squared of
the Higgs boson and its quadratic ultraviolet divergences is avoided.
By imposing the $R$-parity, the lightest SUSY particle (LSP) is
stabilized and thus can be an excellent candidate for dark matter.
The $SU(3)_C$, $SU(2)_L$ and $U(1)_Y$ gauge coupling constants can be
naturally unified at a high energy scale, inspiring many ideas about
supersymmetric grand unified theories.  One of the intriguing features
is that the Higgs sector of SUSY models must be extended to cancel the
gauge anomaly.  Even in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model
(MSSM), two Higgs doublets $H_1^{}$, $H_2^{}$ with opposite
hypercharges are required.  As a consequence, the coupling strengths
of the discovered Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV to SM particles
deviate from their SM predictions, and have the same structure as in the
type-II two Higgs doublet model at the tree level.  At the loop level,
however, superparticles radiatively affect the Higgs boson coupling
strengths, giving rise to characteristic deviations patterns different
from other models.  In particular, it has been known that significant
deviations of the bottom and tau Yukawa couplings induced by
non-holomorphic radiative corrections do not decouple even in the
large superparticle mass limit
\cite{Hall:1993gn,Hempfling:1993kv,Carena:1994bv,Carena:1998gk,Babu:1998er,Eberl:1999he,Carena:1999py,Haber:2007dj,Cahill-Rowley:2014wba,Endo:2015oia}.
Due to the non-decoupling effects, the indirect reach of the
additional Higgs boson mass scale through precision measurements of
the bottom/tau Yukawa coupling can be much higher than the direct
reach at the LHC and its luminosity-upgraded version.

In this letter, we reanalyze the deviation of the Higgs boson
couplings enhanced by the loop-induced non-decoupling effects from a
difference perspective.  In sharp contrast to recent relevant works
\cite{Cahill-Rowley:2014wba,Endo:2015oia}, we utilize the ratio of
${\rm Br}(h\to b\bar{b})$ to ${\rm Br}(h\to WW)$ from the same
production channel $e^+ e^- \to \nu \bar{\nu} h$ as a key observable.
Since this combination cancels out the uncertainties related to the
Higgs boson production cross section and total decay rate, the
indirect additional Higgs boson reach obtained through this method is
more expanded than using single coupling accuracies.  Since the cross
section times branching ratios of these decay modes are particularly
accurately measurable, our quick method is not inferior to global
analysis.  As an example, we assume expected accuracies at the ILC
\cite{ILCHiggsWhitePaper}, whose running programs are under
discussion.  Our goal is to explicitly show the indirect discovery
reach of the additional MSSM Higgs bosons through the measurement of
the ratio ${\rm Br}(h\to b\bar{b})/{\rm Br}(h\to WW)$ at several
planned ILC programs.  Such an analysis plays an important role in
properly assessing the capability of future electron-positron
colliders for exploring new physics effects.

We start briefly reviewing the MSSM Higgs sector, which consists of
two Higgs doublet scalars.  The electroweak symmetry is broken when
the neutral components of $H_1^{}$ and $H_2^{}$ develops vacuum
expectation values (VEVs). Down-type quarks and charged leptons
(up-type quarks) acquire their masses from the VEV $\langle H_1^0
\rangle = v_1/\sqrt{2}$ ($\langle H_2^0 \rangle= v_2/\sqrt{2}$).  The
ratio $\tan \beta = v_2/v_1$ is an important quantity on which many
observables depend, and the sum of the squares is given by
$v^2=v_1^2+v_2^2=(246~{\rm GeV})^2$.  After the electroweak symmetry
breaking, there are two $CP$-even Higgs bosons $h$ and $H$, a $CP$-odd
Higgs boson $A$ and charged Higgs bosons $H^{\pm}$ as physical
particles.  The lighter $CP$-even Higgs boson $h$ is identified as the
discovered SM-like Higgs boson at the LHC.  At the tree level, its
predicted mass is smaller than the mass of the $Z$-boson as the Higgs
self-interactions are given by $SU(2)_L$ and $U(1)_Y$ gauge couplings.
However, the radiative correction significantly lifts the mass of the
Higgs boson and can account for its observed mass of 125 GeV although
superparticles are required to have a few TeV masses
\cite{MSSMHiggsMass}.  The mixing angle $\alpha$ between the two
$CP$-even Higgs bosons is also affected by the radiative correction.
For detailed discussion about the radiative corrections to the masses
of the $CP$-even Higgs bosons and its mixing angle, see, for example,
Ref.~\cite{Djouadi:2005gj}.  By virtue of supersymmetry, $H$, $A$ and
$H^{\pm}$ are degenerate in mass in the large mass limit.  We consider
the $CP$-odd Higgs boson mass $m_A$ as a measure of the mass scale of
these heavy MSSM Higgs bosons.

Let us discuss non-decoupling effects of radiative corrections to Yukawa
couplings in the MSSM.
In this letter we focus on the bottom Yukawa
coupling because it receives large radiative corrections from the
strong coupling and the top Yukawa coupling as well as future linear
colliders are capable of measuring the $h\to b \bar{b}$ decay rate with
considerable accuracy.
In SUSY models, the holomorphy restricts possible form of the
superpotential.
As a consequence, the bottom quark does not
couple to $H_2$ at the tree level.  However, effects of SUSY breaking
induce a non-holomorphic bottom Yukawa coupling $\Delta \lambda_b$ radiatively
in addition to holomorphic radiative corrections
$\delta \lambda_b$ \cite{Babu:1998er}:
\begin{eqnarray}
  - {\cal L}_b = (\lambda_b + \delta \lambda_b ) \bar{b}_R H_1 Q_L
  + \Delta \lambda_b \bar{b}_R Q_L H_2^*\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $b_R$ and $Q_L$ denote the right-handed bottom quark and
the third generation quark doublet, respectively.
Notice that such non-holomorphic couplings are absent in the type-II
two-Higgs-doublet model due to the hypothetical $Z_2$ symmetry.
The mass of the bottom quark is also shifted
by the radiative corrections as
\begin{eqnarray}
  m_b = \frac{\lambda_b v}{\sqrt{2}} \cos \beta (1 + \Delta_b)\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where
\begin{eqnarray}
  \Delta_b \equiv \frac{\delta \lambda_b}{\lambda_b} + \frac{\Delta \lambda_b}{\lambda_b} \tan \beta\, .
\end{eqnarray}
The coupling of the SM-like Higgs boson to the bottom quark is obtained as
\begin{eqnarray}
  g_{hb\bar{b}}^{} = \frac{g m_b}{2 m_W}
  \frac{\sin \alpha}{\cos \beta}
  \left[ 1 + \frac{1}{1+ \Delta_b} \left( \frac{\delta \lambda_b}{\lambda_b}
      - \Delta_b \right) (1 + \cot \alpha \cot \beta) \right]\, .
\end{eqnarray}

Dominant contributions to the non-holomorphic coupling stem
from sbottom-gluino and stop-chargino loop diagrams and are given by
\begin{eqnarray} \label{eq:Deltab}
  \Delta_b \simeq \left( \frac{2 \alpha_s}{3 \pi}
\frac{\mu M_3}{m_{\rm SUSY}^2} + \frac{\lambda_t^2}{16 \pi^2}
\frac{\mu A_t}{m_{\rm SUSY}^2} \right) \tan \beta\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\mu$, $M_3$ and $A_t$ are the higgsino mass, the
gluino mass and the trilinear stop $A$-parameter, respectively.
The typical mass
scale of the superparticles in the loop diagrams is collectively
denoted by $m_{\rm SUSY}^{}$.  Notice that there are two mass scales
characterizing effects of new physics in the MSSM.  One is the mass
scale of superparticles $m_{\rm SUSY}$, and the other is the mass of
the $CP$-odd Higgs boson $m_A$.  In the limit where superparticles are
heavy $\mu \sim M_3 \sim A_t \sim m_{\rm SUSY} \gg m_Z$ with fixed
$m_A$, the bottom Yukawa coupling is approximately given by
\begin{eqnarray} \label{eq:ghbbapp}
  g_{hb\bar{b}}^{} \simeq \frac{g m_b}{2 m_W}
  \frac{\sin \alpha}{\cos \beta}
  \left[ 1 - \Delta_b (1 + \cot \alpha \cot \beta) \right]\, .
\end{eqnarray}
Therefore, SUSY loop corrections do not decouple for small $m_A$, and
are enhanced for large $\tan \beta$.  On the other hand, in the limit
where the mass of the $CP$-odd Higgs boson is large, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
  1 + \cot \alpha \cot \beta = - \frac{2m_Z^2}{m_A^2 }\cos 2\beta
  + {\cal O}\left(\frac{m_Z^4}{m_A^4} \right)\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
and thus SUSY radiative corrections decouple.  It should be noticed
that two-Higgs-doublet models can also produce non-decoupling effect
on the Higgs boson couplings, which originates from extra Higgs boson
loop diagrams
\cite{hhh_2HDM,Arhrib:2003ph,h_2HDM,Osland:2008aw,Wu:2015nba}.

We here describe the method for our numerical analysis.  We utilize
the public code FeynHiggs2.10.3 to compute mass and mixing parameters
as well as decay branching fractions in the MSSM Higgs sector
\cite{FeynHiggs} \footnote{Changes in the recently updated version
  FeynHiggs2.11.0 are not relevant to our analysis.}.  The masses of
the $CP$-even Higgs bosons and the mixing angle are computed at the
two-loop level in the on-shell scheme.  Branching ratios of the
SM-like Higgs boson are computed at the one-loop level including QED
and QCD corrections.  We perform a random scan of MSSM parameters
avoiding tachyonic scalar masses.  To circumvent large $CP$-violating
processes, we constrain our analysis to real MSSM parameters.  For
simplicity, we assume that soft SUSY breaking $A$-parameters are given
by the product of the corresponding Yukawa coupling constant
$\lambda_f$ and a common $A_0$ value as $A_f = \lambda_f A_0$.  We
consider the mass range of electroweak (colored) superparticles up to
around 1000 GeV (4000 GeV) to cover less tuned parameter sets which
evade superparticle searches at the future LHC experiment.  Since the
non-decoupling effects depend on ratios of superparticle masses, our
results about the Higgs boson couplings are not substantially changed
even for heavier superparticles.  If $|A_t|$ is significantly larger
than the stop masses, there appear a deeper charge/color breaking
vacuum than our electroweak vacuum.  To avoid complexity of the
discussion of the meta-stability bound, we constrain $|A_0|$ to be
smaller than three times the geometric average of the soft stop
masses.  The scan bounds of the MSSM parameters are listed in
Tab. \ref{tab:parameters}.  Since radiative corrections from the first
two generation sleptons and squarks to the Higgs sector are small, we
set the soft masses of these sleptons and squarks to $1000$ GeV and
$4000$ GeV, respectively, instead of performing a random scan.  This
degeneracy also suppresses unwanted flavor chaining neutral currents
and lepton flavor violating processes adequately.  Although the
measured mass of the Higgs boson is now fixed to $m_h= 125~{\rm GeV}$
with the error less than 1 GeV \cite{Aad:2015zhl}, we consider
$122~{\rm GeV} <m_h^{} < 128~{\rm GeV}$ as an allowed region for its
mass.  This is a judicious choice to take uncertainties from
renormalization scheme dependence \cite{MSSMHiggsMassRen} and higher
order contributions to the mass of the Higgs boson into account
\cite{Higgs3}.  From the cosmological viewpoint, it is assumed that
the lightest neutralino is the LSP and a dark matter candidate.
However, the relic density constraint is relaxed in order to allow for
any non-standard cosmological scenario.  As for the other experimental
constraints, we impose superparticle mass bounds obtained at the LEP
\cite{LEP} and the LHC \cite{LHC-BSM}.  The mass bounds we employ are
summarized in Tab. \ref{tab:constraints}.  The flavor violating decays
$B_s \to \mu^+ \mu^-$ and $b\to s \gamma$ mediated by the additional
Higgs bosons could also give constraints on the SUSY parameter space,
as studied in \cite{Endo:2015oia}.  However, such processes can be
canceled by contributions from squark sector parameters without
changing our results.  Therefore, we neglect these flavor constrains
in our analysis.  The deviation of the anomalous magnetic moment of
the muon from its SM prediction can be explained by adjusting the
masses of the second generation sleptons, which is beyond the scope of
this letter.  Since our analysis is confined to low-energy SUSY
scenarios, we require $\lambda_b$ to be perturbative at the
electroweak scale.

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{Scan bounds on MSSM parameters.}
    \label{tab:parameters}
    \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
    \hline
    Parameter & Scan bounds \\ \hline \hline
    $m_A^{}$ & [200 GeV, 3000 GeV] \\ \hline
    $\tan \beta$ & [1, 60] \\ \hline
    $\widetilde{m}_{L_3,E_3}^{}$ &  [100 GeV, 1000 GeV] \\ \hline
    $\widetilde{m}_{Q_3,U_3,D_3}^{}$ & [500 GeV, 4000 GeV] \\ \hline
    $|A_0^{}|$ & [0 GeV, $3(\widetilde{m}_{Q_3}\widetilde{m}_{U_3})^{1/2}$] \\ \hline
    $|\mu|$ & [100 GeV, 1000 GeV] \\ \hline
    $|M_1^{}|$ & [100 GeV, 1000 GeV] \\ \hline
    $|M_2^{}|$ & [100 GeV, 1000 GeV] \\ \hline
    $M_3^{}$ & [1400 GeV, 4000 GeV] \\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{Constraints on superparticle masses.}
    \label{tab:constraints}
  \begin{tabular}{|c|c|}
    \hline
    Observables & Constraints \\ \hline \hline
    $m_h^{}$ & [122 GeV, 128 GeV]  \\ \hline
    $m_{\widetilde{g}}^{}$ & $>$ 1400 GeV \\ \hline
    $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^0}^{}$ & $>$ 90 GeV \\ \hline
    $m_{\widetilde{\chi}_1^\pm}^{}$ & $>$ 400 GeV \\ \hline
    $m_{\widetilde{t}_1}^{}$ & $>$ 640 GeV \\ \hline
    $m_{\widetilde{b}_1}^{}$ & $>$ 620 GeV \\ \hline
    $m_{\widetilde{\tau}_1}^{}$ & $>$ 90 GeV \\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

Our goal is to show to what extent large $m_A$ scenarios with moderate
SUSY parameter choices can be surveyed through the precision
measurements of the cross section times branching ratio measurements
of the $h\to b \bar{b}$ and $h \to W W$ modes which follow the
production $e^+ e^- \to \nu \bar{\nu}h$.  To this end, we introduce
the following double ratio of the branching fractions of $h \to b
\bar{b}$ and that of $h \to WW$ modes:
\begin{eqnarray}
  R = \left. \frac{{\rm Br}(h \to WW)}{{\rm Br}(h \to b\bar{b})} \right|_{\rm MSSM}
      \bigg/ \left. \frac{{\rm Br}(h \to WW)}{{\rm Br}(h \to b\bar{b})} \right|_{\rm SM}\, .
\end{eqnarray}
Its tree level expression is given by
\begin{eqnarray} \label{eq:Rtree}
R_{\rm tree}^{} = \frac{1}{[1 - \tan \beta \cot (\beta - \alpha)]^2}\, ,
\end{eqnarray}
where $\cot(\beta-\alpha)$ is given as a function of $m_A$ and $m_Z$.
As is evident, any deviation from the SM prediction $R = 1$ exhibits
the existence of some new physics beyond the SM.  By taking the ratio
of the cross section times branching ratios for $b\bar{b}$ and $WW$
modes in the same production mechanism, uncertainties that originate
from the production cross section and the total decay rate of the
Higgs boson are canceled out.  Consequently, constraining the model
parameter space using the accuracy of the ratio of the decay branching
fraction $R$ is more powerful than using the converted accuracy of the
$hb\bar b$ coupling.  The expected accuracies for cross section times
branching ratio measurements of the SM-like Higgs boson through the
$\nu\bar{\nu}h$ mode at several ILC stages with the polarization
options $(P_{e^-}, P_{e^+})=(-0.8,+0.3)$ and $(P_{e^-},
P_{e^+})=(-0.8,+0.2)$ are listed in Tab. 5.4 and 5.5 of
Ref. \cite{ILCHiggsWhitePaper}.  Sensitivities for $R$ are computed
based on these tables and summarized in Tab. \ref{tab:R}.
For example, for $\sqrt{s}=500$~GeV and $L=500$~fb$^{-1}$,
the accuracy of the ratio at 95\% CL is estimated as
$\sqrt{(0.7\%)^2+(2.4\%)^2}\times2 = 5\%$,
while the accuracy of ${\rm Br}(h\to b\bar b)$ from the coupling measurement
itself is
at best $\simeq 6.4\%$ ignoring systematic uncertainties (see Table 6.1 in
Ref.[8]).

\begin{table}
  \begin{center}
    \caption{Expected accuracy for $R$ at planned stages of the ILC
      \cite{ILCHiggsWhitePaper}.}
  \label{tab:R}
  \begin{tabular}{|l|c|c|}
    \hline
    CM energy and luminosity & $95\%{\rm CL}$ & $5 \sigma$ \\ \hline \hline
    $\sqrt{s}=500~{\rm GeV}$, $L=500 ~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ & 0.050 & 0.125 \\ \hline
    $\sqrt{s}=500~{\rm GeV}$, $L=1600 ~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ & 0.027 & 0.068 \\ \hline
    $\sqrt{s}=1~{\rm TeV}$, $L=2500 ~{\rm fb}^{-1}$  & 0.021 & 0.052 \\ \hline
  \end{tabular}
  \end{center}
\end{table}

In Fig.~\ref{fig:ILC500}, the indirect $5\sigma$ discovery reach of
the MSSM heavy Higgs bosons through the measurement of $R$ at the ILC
with the center-of-mass (CM) energy $\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV and the
luminosity $L=500 ~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ is shown in the ($m_A, \tan \beta$)
plane.  MSSM scenarios which predict more than $5 \sigma$ deviation of
$R$ are plotted with the red points.  The blue line is the
corresponding tree level prediction based on $R_{\rm tree}$.  The
indirect reach of the MSSM heavy Higgs boson mass can be significantly
extended due to the non-decoupling property of the non-holomorphic
radiative corrections, compared to the tree level results.  When the
relative sign of $\mu$ and $M_3$ ($A_t$) is minus, the deviation of
$R$ from unity is strongly enhanced and the correction is proportional
to $\tan \beta$ (see Eqs.(\ref{eq:Deltab}) and (\ref{eq:ghbbapp})).
The solid (black) line shows the 95\% exclusion limit obtained at the
LHC Run-I through direct $H/A \to \tau^+ \tau^-$ searches
\cite{LHC-Htau}.  At the LHC Run-II with the luminosity of $L=10~{\rm
  fb}^{-1}$ accumulated, it is expected to exclude up to
$m_A=1000~{\rm GeV}$ for $\tan \beta=10$ in view of the increase of
the production cross section \cite{Morinaga}.  The existence of the
heavy Higgs boson can be searched also through the $H/A \to \mu^+
\mu^-$ decay modes at the LHC \cite{LHC-Hmu}.  Its expected $5\sigma$
discovery reach with $L=3000~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ almost overlaps with the
95\% excluded region explored by the $\tau$ channel.

The $5 \sigma$ heavy Higgs mass reach expected at the stage with
$\sqrt{s}=500$ GeV and $L=1600$ fb$^{-1}$ and at the stage with
$\sqrt{s}=1$ TeV and $L=2500$ fb$^{-1}$ are shown in
Fig.~\ref{fig:ILC500L} and Fig.~\ref{fig:ILC1000L}, respectively.
These figures show that luminosity-upgraded ILC programs are very
powerful in measuring the Higgs boson branching fractions and thus
sensitive to higher $m_A$ regions \cite{ILCHiggsWhitePaper}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics{ILC500.eps}
\caption{\footnotesize Indirect $5 \sigma$ discovery reach of the
  heavy Higgs bosons through the measurement of $R$ at the ILC stage
  with $\sqrt{s}=500~{\rm GeV}$ and $L=500~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ in the
  ($m_A, \tan \beta$) plane (red points).  For comparison, the
  indirect $5 \sigma$ reach based on the tree-level results is
  delineated with blue line.  The 95\% exclusion limit obtained at the
  LHC Run-I through $H/A\to \tau^+ \tau^-$ searches is delineated with
  black line.}
\label{fig:ILC500}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics{ILC500L.eps}
\caption{\footnotesize Indirect $5 \sigma$ discovery reach of the
  heavy Higgs bosons through the measurement of $R$ at the
  luminosity-upgraded ILC stage with $\sqrt{s}=500~{\rm GeV}$ and
  $L=1600~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ in the ($m_A, \tan \beta$) plane (red
  points).  The others are same as in Fig.1.}
\label{fig:ILC500L}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}[t]
\centering
\includegraphics{ILC1000L.eps}
\caption{\footnotesize Indirect $5 \sigma$ discovery reach of the
  heavy Higgs bosons through the measurement of $R$ at the
  luminosity-upgraded ILC stage with $\sqrt{s}=1~{\rm TeV}$ and
  $L=2500~{\rm fb}^{-1}$ in the ($m_A, \tan \beta$) plane (red
  points).  The others are same as in Fig.1.}
\label{fig:ILC1000L}
\end{figure}

Before closing, we comment on the parametric uncertainties from the SM
parameters~\cite{parametric}.
Theoretical calculation on ${\rm Br}(h\to b\bar{b})$
suffers from uncertainties on $m_b$ and
$\alpha_s$, and the uncertainties on the calculation limit the reach of MSSM
parameters by experimental measurements~\cite{Desch:2004cu}.
Although current errors on these parameters~\cite{Eidelman:2004wy}
lead to larger
uncertainties than the expected uncertainties at the future ILC
measurements, it is anticipated that future developments on higher order
calculation and lattice calculation overcome this situation until the
experimental programs take place~\cite{Lepage:2014fla}.

In this letter, we have presented to what extent the heavy additional
MSSM Higgs bosons can be indirectly accessible by using precision
measurements of the cross section times branching ratios for the
discovered Higgs boson at the future ILC experiments.  We have
employed the ratio of the Higgs boson decay branching fractions ${\rm
  Br}(h\to b \bar{b})/{\rm Br}(h\to WW)$ as a simple but useful
observable for indirectly probing the existence of the heavy Higgs
bosons because this ratio is obtained by using the cross section times
branching fractions, which cancel out the uncertainties of the
production cross section and total decay width of the Higgs boson.  We
have computed the ratio $R$, which can substantially deviate from
unity even for large $m_A$ regions due to large non-decoupling effects
of superparticles, and have exhibited the indirect $5\sigma$ discovery
potential of the additional MSSM Higgs bosons at several planned
stages of the future ILC experiments.  Our analysis shows that the
ILC, in particular with high luminosity, cover many large $m_A$
scenarios in the MSSM.

Last but not least, fingerprinting of Higgs boson couplings at the
loop level including our analysis improves capability of exploring and
distinguishing the MSSM from other models of the electroweak symmetry
breaking, and should be encouraged.

\begin{acknowledgments}
  The authors would like to thank Hiroyuki Taniguchi for early stage
  collaboration.  The work of M. Kakizaki was supported in part by
  Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, No. 26104702.  The work of
  S.K. was supported in part by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research,
  Nos. 24340046, 23104006 and 30181308.  The work of M. Kikuchi was
  supported in part by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science,
  No. $25\cdot 10031$.  The work of T.M. was supported in part by the
  Sasakawa Scientific Research Grant from The Japan Science Society.
\end{acknowledgments}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
The effect of water purification systems on fluoride content of drinking water
AR Prabhakar, OS Raju, AJ Kurthukoti, TD Vishwas
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere - 577 004, India
A R Prabhakar
Department of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, Bapuji Dental College and Hospital, Davangere - 577 004
Objective: The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of different water purification systems on the fluoride content of drinking water and to compare the efficacy of these water purification systems in reducing the fluoride content.
Materials and Methods: Five different water purification systems were tested in this study. They were reverse osmosis, distillation, activated carbon, Reviva® , and candle filter. The water samples in the study were of two types, viz, borewell water and tap water, these being commonly used by the people of Davangere City, Karnataka. The samples were collected before and after purification, and fluoride analysis was done using fluoride ion-specific electrode.
Results: The results showed that the systems based on reverse osmosis, viz, reverse osmosis system and Reviva® showed maximum reduction in fluoride levels, the former proving to be more effective than the latter; followed by distillation and the activated carbon system, with the least reduction being brought about by candle filter. The amount of fluoride removed by the purification system varied between the system and from one source of water to the other.
Interpretation and Conclusion: Considering the beneficial effects of fluoride on caries prevention; when drinking water is subjected to water purification systems that reduce fluoride significantly below the optimal level, fluoride supplementation may be necessary. The efficacy of systems based on reverse osmosis in reducing the fluoride content of water indicates their potential for use as defluoridation devices.
Keywords: Activated carbon, borewell water, candle filter, defluoridation, distillation, fluoride, ion-specific electrode, reverse osmosis system, tap water
Prabhakar A R, Raju O S, Kurthukoti A J, Vishwas T D. The effect of water purification systems on fluoride content of drinking water. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2008;26:6-11
Prabhakar A R, Raju O S, Kurthukoti A J, Vishwas T D. The effect of water purification systems on fluoride content of drinking water. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent [serial online] 2008 [cited 2023 Feb 1];26:6-11. Available from: http://www.jisppd.com/text.asp?2008/26/1/6/40314
It may seem anachronistic to talk about India becoming a superpower in the years to come, when women in our villages have to walk miles to fetch a pot of drinking water. However, the situation is very different in the urban India, where public water supply systems ensure a regular supply of safe drinking water.
Over the last few years, the urban society has taken much greater interest in the quality of drinking water supplied. This has stimulated the use of domestic purification systems to reduce the organic and inorganic contaminants in water. [1] There are several basic types of water purification systems, e.g., reverse osmosis, distillation, filtration, oxidation, disinfection, cation exchange softening, anion exchange, activated carbon, etc. These systems can be used alone or in combination. [1],[2]
Fluoride, the pivot of preventive dentistry, continues to be the cornerstone of caries prevention programmes. Fluoride intake depends on the fluoride content of drinking water, the amount of water ingested, and the fluoride content in other beverages and foods. The recommended level of water fluoridation for optimal dental caries reduction is 0.7 ppm to 1.0 ppm, with 4.0 ppm being the maximum contaminant level allowed by the Environmental Protection Agency. Fluoridation of public water supplies represents one of the most successful public health measures ever undertaken. [1]
However, there is a growing concern that removal of fluoride by domestic water purification systems may reduce its concentration below the optimum level. If this is so, there will be a temptation to prescribe fluoride supplements even in optimally fluoridated areas. [1],[2],[3],[4] At the same time, the efficacy of water purification systems in removing fluoride also needs to be evaluated. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to determine and to compare the effects of different water purification systems on the fluoride content of drinking water.
Water samples used for the study were obtained from two sources, namely, borewells (underground water) and municipal taps (surface water), which are the major sources of drinking water for the people of Davangere City, Karnataka. To avoid the possible reaction of fluoride with glass, water samples were collected and stored throughout the experiment period in plastic containers (polyethylene cans) that had been previously rinsed twice with deionized water to remove any fluoride residue. The samples of water were divided into two groups, the control group and the experimental group.
Control group (unprocessed water): One sample, containing 100 ml of water, was collected from each water source for eight consecutive days for fluoride analysis. This group was considered as the unprocessed water or control group.
Experimental group (processed water): Water from each source was subjected to five different water purification systems, viz, reverse osmosis system, distillation, activated carbon, Reviva® , and candle filter for eight consecutive days prior to fluoride analysis. After purification, 100 ml of water of each source, from each of the five water purification systems, were collected. The samples were stored in coded plastic containers for fluoride analysis. These samples constituted the processed water or the experimental group.
Fluoride analysis was conducted randomly, using an Orion fluoride ion-specific electrode (model: 94-09, 720 A) as per the manufacturer's instructions; it was standardized using 0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm up to 10 ppm fluoride solutions. Direct measurement was used for estimation, as the sample size was large. For fluoride analysis, equal amounts (20 ml) of each water sample and TISAB (total ionic strength adjustment buffer) solution were combined in a plastic beaker and agitated to remove air bubbles. For each sample, before taking readings, the electrode was rinsed, blot dried, and then placed into the test solution. The solution was stirred thoroughly with the electrode and the steady readings on the meter were noted. The instrument was calibrated every half an hour. The fluoride concentrations in all the 96 samples were recorded and the values were subjected to statistical analysis.
Description of the various water purification systems: [1],[2],[3],[4]
Reverse osmosis [Figure - 1]: The reverse osmosis system is a drinking water purification system for home use that uses the principle of reverse osmosis to remove molecule-by-molecule all the minerals, chemicals, solid particles, and dissolved contaminants from water. The reverse osmosis system employs a semipermeable membrane that consists of several thin layers or sheets of film that are bonded together and rolled in a spiral configuration around a plastic tube. When the fed water stream passes across the surface of the membrane, the molecules penetrate the membrane surface, working their way around the spiral and collecting in the center tube. The remaining contaminants are concentrated on the surface of the membrane and can be washed away.
Distillation [Figure - 2]: It is a process that removes water from the contaminant. It heats up the water to boiling point, traps the rising steam, and uses a fan or cooling device to condense the vapor back into the original form. Water distillation is the most effective method for the removal of organic, inorganic, and biological (bacteria, viruses, etc.) contaminants.
Activated carbon [Figure - 3]: This system employs an absorbent material, usually solid, which is capable of adsorbing gases, liquids, and suspended matter on to its surface.
Reviva® (Eureka Forbes) [Figure - 4]: This is a commercially available water purification system. It contains filtering components: (1) a pre-sediment filter which removes undissolved particles from the water. It protects the membrane and pre-carbon filter from clogging; (2) Pre-silver carbon filter which removes chlorine, pigments, detergents, carcinogens, heavy metals, and other impurities; (3) a semipermeable membrane which removes most of the dissolved substances; and (4) a post-silver carbon filter which removes odor and improves water taste. Non-filtering components include a booster pump and a pressure reducer valve Reviva.
Candle filters: They are household filters having an upper housing chamber fitted with the candles. The water percolated throught the candle and collected in the lower storage chamber [Figure - 5].
The mean, standard deviation, and percentages were determined for each of the test groups. The paired t -test was used to determine the difference between paired observations. The unpaired t -test was used for comparison of fluoride reduction by different water purification systems. Significance for all the statistical tests was predetermined at a P -value of 0.05 or less.
Observations [Table - 1]: Unprocessed borewell and tap water samples showed mean fluoride values of 3.51 ± 0.02 and 0.26 ± 0.02, respectively [Table - 1]. In the borewell group, processed water samples showed a reduction of about 72.2% in the fluoride content by reverse osmosis system, 55.6% by distillation, 28.9% by activated carbon, 63.9% by Reviva® , and only 2.4% by candle filter; these differences were statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001). Processed tap water samples showed a reduction in the fluoride content of about 37.9% by reverse osmosis system, 17.5% by distillation, 14.6% by activated carbon, and 21.4% by Reviva® , which was statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001); by candle filter the reduction was only 1.5%, which was statistically significant ( P < 0.05).
[Table - 2] shows the difference in fluoride reduction between all the water purification systems used. The fluoride reduction in borewell and tap water by reverse osmosis system when compared with other purification systems was statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001). The fluoride reduction in borewell water by distillation system when compared with activated carbon, Reviva® , and candle filter was statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001). In tap water, the fluoride reduction by distillation, compared to activated carbon and Reviva® , was statistically not significant ( P > 0.05) but was highly significant compared to candle filter ( P < 0.001). Activated carbon system, when compared with Reviva® and candle filter, showed statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001) fluoride reduction in borewell water. In tap water, however, the fluoride reduction with the activated carbon system was not statistically significant when compared to Reviva® ( P > 0.05) but was significant when compared to that of candle filter ( P < 0.05). The fluoride reduction by Reviva® when compared to that by candle filter in both the groups, was statistically highly significant ( P < 0.001).
The use of water purification systems has increased dramatically since its inception many years ago and is gaining popularity as people are becoming increasingly concerned about the pollutants present in public water supplies. The purpose of using these systems is to remove or modify impurities in the water. Most domestic users seek to improve the taste and quality of their drinking water by using a relatively simple filter to remove unwanted impurities such as inorganic salts, heavy metals, and suspended and colloidal matter. [1] Some manufacturers claim to remove specific elements such as chlorine and, therein, the possibility exists that the fluoride content would be affected. [4]
Excessive consumption of fluoride above the optimal level causes dental and skeletal fluorosis. But, in drinking water, to prevent caries, the fluoride content needs to be reduced to the optimal level. The importance of the fluoride ion in cariostasis is well documented. In some studies, fluoride supplementation did not affect the likelihood of developing caries, which may have been due to low compliance or over-reporting of their use. [5],[6] Studies have shown that the consumption of unfluoridated bottled and tank water may put children at increased risk of developing caries. [5],[7] Caries experience in deciduous teeth was highest for children with the greatest lifetime consumption of such water. [5]
Any interference with this important ion is of interest to dentists as knowledge of the fluoride intake is important for determining the dosage of fluoride supplements or the necessity of topical fluorides in the patients. The present study investigated the extent to which water purification systems remove fluoride from drinking water. Determination of the most appropriate levels of fluoride in drinking water is crucial for both types of communities: the ones that intend to start water fluoridation as well as for those that have excessive natural fluoride in their drinking water and therefore require defluoridation. The purification systems selected for the study were available either separately or as a combination of systems for household use. In some earlier studies, either fluoridated water or laboratory water samples were used; [1],[4] in other studies water from natural sources were taken as samples. [8],[9] Ion-specific electrode was selected for fluoride analysis because it has been found to be accurate to within 0.5%, i.e., it is about 98% accurate. [10],[11]
Fluoride analysis of the control group samples showed that the mean fluoride levels in tap water were very low: 0.26 ± 0.02, whereas that of borewell water was high: 3.51 ± 0.02, being above the recommended limit of 1 ppm. However, it should be noted that groundwater fluoride levels vary from one source to another. The results from the present study revealed that the reverse osmosis system removed substantial amounts of fluoride from borewell and tap water, i.e., 72.2% and 37.9%, respectively. It also revealed that fluoride reduction by the reverse osmosis system, compared to other systems in both the groups, was maximal and was statistically highly significant. The results are in accordance with the previous studies by Jobson et al. , [1] Glass, [2] and Brown and Aaron. [3] Variations in the degree of reduction may be due to differing pressure levels and clogging of the membranes. [2]
The distillation system caused highly significant reduction in fluoride levels in both the groups, i.e., 55.6% in borewell and 17.5% in tap water. The fluoride reduction by the distillation system was greater than that by activated carbon and candle filter and lesser than that by reverse osmosis and Reviva® in both the groups. The results were statistically highly significant in both the groups, except for the activated carbon and Reviva® systems in the tap water group, where it was not statistically significant. The distillation system achieved the third best fluoride reduction in both the groups. Previous studies by Jobson et al . [1] and Brown and Aaron [3] have reported more than 95% fluoride reduction.
In this study, a fluoride reduction of 28.9% in borewell water and 14.6% in tap water groups by the activated carbon system was observed. Fluoride reduction by activated carbon was greater than that by candle filter and lesser than that by reverse osmosis, distillation, and Reviva® in both the groups. The results were statistically highly significant in both the groups, except with Reviva® in the tap water group, where it was not statistically significant. Previous tests based on activated carbon have given contradictory results. [12] While Jobson et al. , [1] Glass, [2] and Brown and Aaron [3] have reported fluoride reduction, Robinson et al. [4] and Buzalaf et al. [9] have reported that very few activated carbon filters remove fluoride. This could be attributed to the variations between different manufacturers and designs. [1] In our study, fine granules of activated carbon were used and this must have resulted in exposure of greater surface area for fluoride adsorption.
The Reviva® water purification system, containing a reverse osmosis membrane and pre- and post-silver carbon filters, showed highly significant fluoride reduction in both the groups, i.e., 63.9% in borewell and 21.4% in tap water. The fluoride reduction by Reviva® , compared to that by candle filter, was very high in both the groups and was statistically highly significant. These values indicate that the Reviva® purification system was the second best in fluoride removal. Fluoride reduction by candle filter was 2.4% in the borewell group, whereas there was only 1.5% reduction in the tap water group. The fluoride reduction by candle filter was minimal. From the observations made so far, we found that the systems based on reverse osmosis, viz, reverse osmosis system and Reviva® brought about the maximum reduction in water fluoride levels. The variations in fluoride reductions by these systems may be attributed to differences in the type of membrane and differing pressure lines; regular maintenance of equipment may also influence its efficacy in fluoride reduction. [2]
Water purification systems such as reverse osmosis system, Reviva® , distillation, and activated carbon filter can effectively reduce the amount of fluoride content in drinking water. The results indicate that the amount of fluoride removed due to purification varies from one type of system to the other and from one source to the other. Part of the variation in results may be accounted for by the method of investigation. [9]
According to American Dental Association (ADA) and AAPD (American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry) guidelines, children receiving water fluoridated at less than 0.7 ppm should receive fluoride supplements. [3],[4] Accurate prescription of fluoride is possible only when the water fluoride concentration is known. One should also take into account the carry-over or diffusion effect of fluoride. [9]
As the general population becomes increasingly concerned about polluted drinking water, domestic water purification systems are becoming very popular. [1] In homes, when employing a domestic purification system, the fluoride levels of drinking water need to be monitored, as the children in these houses may need fluoride supplementation. It is also our recommendation that water purification systems employing monitored reverse osmosis process be used in the fluorosis endemic areas, as this mode of filtration is known to most efficiently filter fluoride. The possibility of using domestic water purification systems as defluoridating units needs to be further explored.
The amount of fluoride removed due to purification varies from one type of system to the other and from one source to the other.
Systems based on reverse osmosis, viz, reverse osmosis system and Reviva® , showed maximum reduction in fluoride levels, the former showing greater reduction; these two systems were followed in efficiency by distillation and the activated carbon system, with the least reduction being brought about by the candle filter.
Considering the beneficial effects of fluoride on caries prevention, drinking water subjected to water purification systems that reduce fluoride significantly below the optimal level may require fluoride supplementation. Efficient fluoride reduction by systems based on reverse osmosis encourages their use as defluoridation devices, provided there is stringent supervision. We recommend the use of monitored reverse osmosis systems in the fluorosis endemic areas.
Based on the results of this study, more rigorous surveillance and monitoring of water fluoride levels are recommended. Evaluation of filtration systems, using different water sources from different geographical locations, should provide useful information.
1. Jobson MD, Grimm SE, Banks K. Henley G. The effects of water filtration systems on fluoride: Washington DC, Metropolitan area. J Dent child 2000;67:350-4
2. Glass RG. Water purification systems and recommendations for fluoride supplementation. J Dent Child 1991;58:405-8
3. Brown MD, Aaron G. The effect of point-of-use water conditioning systems on community fluoridated water. Pediatr Dent 1991;13:35-8 [PUBMED]
4. Robinson SN, Davies EH, Williams B. Domestic water treatment appliances and the fluoride ion. Br Dent J 1991;171:91-3 [PUBMED]
5. Armfield JM, Spencer AJ. Consumption of non-public water:implications for children's caries experience. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2004;32:283-96 [PUBMED] [FULLTEXT]
6. Riordon PJ. Dental caries and fluoride exposure in Western Australia. J Dent Res 1991;70:1029-134
7. Flaitz CM, Hill EM, Hicks MJ. A survey of bottled water usage by pediatric dental patients: Implications for dental health. Quintessence Int 1989;20:847-52 [PUBMED]
8. Bardsen A, Klock KS, Bjorvatn K. Dental fluorosis among persons exposed to high- and low-fluoride drinking water in western Norway. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1999;27:259-67
9. Buzalaf MA, Levy FM, Rodriguez MH, Bastos JR. Effect of water filters on water fluoride content and level of the public water supply in Bauro, Brazil. J Dent Child 2003;70:226-30
10. Weinberger SJ, Johnston DW, Wright GZ. A comparison of two systems for measuring water fluoride ion level. Clin Prevent Dent 1989;11:19-22
11. Edelstein BL, Cottrel D, O'Sullivan D, Tinanoff N. Comparison of calorimeter and electrode analysis of water fluoride. Pediatr Dent 1992;14:47-9 [PUBMED]
12. Ong YS, Williams B, Holt R. The effect of domestic water filters on water fluoride content. Br Dent J 1996;181:59-63 [PUBMED]
[Figure - 1], [Figure - 2], [Figure - 3], [Figure - 4], [Figure - 5]
[Table - 1], [Table - 2]
1 Work site access to fluoridated tap water and retail beverages
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Anubhuti Jain, Abhinav Parakh, GY Yunus, N Naveen, KamleshKumar Jain, Ruchi Agrawal
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[VIEW] | [DOI]
Prabhakar A R
Raju O S
Kurthukoti A J
Vishwas T D
borewell water
candle filter
defluoridation
ion-specific electrode
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Ranked no. 2 partier on Style.com (just take wild guess at who's number 1), Derek Blasberg shows us what he's made of with Leigh Lezark (of course), the ultimate guinea pig. Bless their souls.
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With the news that WWE is reducing its pay-per-view event schedule to a significantly more palatable 14 shows in 2018 - as opposed to the 16 shows we saw in 2017 - it's a good time for you to set aside some viewing time on Sunday nights.
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This year, we see the return of the co-branded Money in the Bank as opposed to the "SmackDown"-exclusive show seen in 2017. The ramifications and details have yet to be hammered out: Will we see the return of two briefcases, or will there be changes to the format and stipulations of the insanely popular ladder match?
Jan. 28 sees the first pay-per-view of the new year, as the road to WrestleMania kicks off from Philadelphia with the 2018 Royal Rumble from the Wells Fargo Center. The next chapter in Royal Rumble lore could see any number of superstars winning the event - a nice change from years past.
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This delicious salad is easy to make and is sure to be a crowd pleaser at potlucks and BBQs! It works great as a nutritious and delicious cold supper on a hot summer day.
1. Fill a large pot with lightly salted water and bring to a rolling boil over high heat. Stir in the angel hair pasta and cook uncovered, stirring occasionally, until the pasta has cooked through but is still firm to the bite, about 4-5 minutes. Drain well and rinse with cold water.
2. Mix together sesame oil, vegetable oil, soy sauce, balsamic vinegar, Sriracha hot sauce, and honey in a large bowl. Toss the pasta in the dressing, sprinkle with sesame seeds, green onion, bell pepper, zucchini, and carrot.
Try adding chicken, pork, or tofu.
Substitute the sauce in this recipe for our Mandarin Sesame Vinaigrette.
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A refreshing side dish for a Mediterranean meal.
Slice the top and bottom off of each orange. Use your knife to cut the peel of the orange away from the flesh, leaving no white pith (it's bitter).
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Cut the beef into 1/4″ pieces and add to a large pot with the bay leaf, onion, caraway seeds, and 2 litres of water. Bring to a bubble over medium high heat, then reduce heat to medium low. Simmer at least 2 hours until the meat is tender.
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Makes a quick and easy side dish, great for summer picnics.
Combine everything together in a large bowl in a bowl. Serve immediately. If making ahead, add the Creamy Dill Vinaigrette just before serving.
Don't like red bell pepper? Try adding diced celery or radishes.
Want a bit more zing? Finely chop 3 large dill pickles and add to the salad.
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Use 1.5 kg of raw yellow flesh potatoes, dice small and boil, roast or steam until just tender. Let cool completely and then use instead of the hash browns.


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Kyo-ya's plan for tower challenged
By Andrew Gomes
STAR-ADVERTISER / SEPT. 23, 2010
Kyo-ya Hotels plans to build a 26-story hotel to replace an eight-story tower next to the Moana Hotel. The beach in front of the Diamond Head Tower is narrow and close to the water. Here, surfers run across the strip of beach.
Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts' proposal to build a tower next to the Moana Surfrider Hotel meets with resistance, forcing the issue to go before a city review board.
A battle over a planned oceanfront hotel and condominium tower next to the Moana Surfrider Hotel in Waikiki is moving to a city review board.
Kyo-ya Hotels & Resorts received approval from the city Department of Planning and Permitting on Dec. 1 to position the tower within ground- and airspace-setback areas prohibited under zoning rules.
The zoning variance was the last major entitlement that the project needed.
But four environmental advocacy groups and an individual who objected to the variance at a September hearing appealed the decision on Monday to the city Zoning Board of Appeals, arguing that a bulky building in the shoreline setback is bad for users of a public beach.
The five-member board is expected to hold additional hearings on the issue and make a decision, though no schedule has been set.
Kyo-ya proposes replacing its existing eight-story Diamond Head Tower next to the historic Moana building with a 26-story tower tentatively planned with 185 hotel rooms and 40 condominium units.
The project is a piece of Kyo-ya's $700 million Waikiki redevelopment project that also includes a new 33-story tower at the nearby Princess Kaiulani Hotel and renovating the existing 29-story Ainahau Tower there.
On the Moana site, Kyo-ya argued that existing zoning rules would prevent redevelopment of an old building that can't compete with newer hotel offerings. Under zoning rules, hotels must be at least 100 feet from the shoreline. The Moana Surfrider Diamond Head Tower was built before that rule was adopted and is less than 100 feet from the shoreline.
Also, the makai face of the tower is supposed to back away from the ocean under the rules intended to prevent a flat curtain of towers hugging the beach.
Kyo-ya said the economic benefits of new hotel rooms would enhance Waikiki, and that it designed the new tower with a more narrow profile to increase mauka-to-makai views and provide greater access to the public beach compared with the existing hotel building.
The company also said that the seawall in front of the hotel will not be moved, though the edge of the new tower will be closer to the shore compared with the existing hotel.
"The hotel is not being built on the beach," said Greg Dickhens, Kyo-ya Co. LLC president.
Another position Kyo-ya has taken is that the state failed to widen the beach under a 1965 agreement that called for adding sand to widen the shoreline by 180 feet. Had that been done, the proposed tower would comply with setbacks, Kyo-ya said.
The environmental groups — Hawaii's Thousand Friends, Surfrider Foundation, KAHEA-The Hawaiian-Environmental Alliance and Ka Iwi/Sandy Beach Coalition — along with preservation advocate Michelle Matson argue in their appeal that increased building density near the shore isn't good for Waikiki or public beach users.
"Thirty-five years ago, the city was clear when it adopted the Waikiki Special District guidelines as law: No more towers on the beach," said Donna Wong, spokeswoman for Hawaii's Thousand Friends.
The groups fear that a zoning variance for Kyo-ya will set a precedent for other Waikiki hotel owners to build in setback areas.
They argue that zoning variances aren't the solution to a failed state agreement to widen the beach, and that property owners should renovate existing buildings that don't comply with zoning rules or build something new that complies.
"This is not in the long-term best interests of our members and Hawaii's signature destination," said Stuart Coleman, Hawaii coordinator for the Surfrider Foundation.
The appeal is the latest challenge to Kyo-ya's plan, which was announced in 2006 and has overcome earlier objections from hotel employees and the environmental groups.
The City Council unanimously approved the plan in August. Along with the zoning variance, the Planning and Permitting Department approved a Waikiki Special District permit.
Kyo-ya projects that construction could begin in mid-2012 if final approvals can be obtained.
Aloha Airlines name sold
Chef's new steakhouse will offer 'magic' sauces
700 gallons of diesel fuel spill at Space Force facility atop Haleakala


In this episode of The Functional Medicine Radio Show, Dr. Carri's special guest Kristen Thomas explains how to restore digestive system health.
Kristen Thomas is a certified functional diagnostic nutrition practitioner and holistic health coach with additional training in digestive system health, hormone balancing, SIBO, thyroid conditions, detoxification, and stealth infectious disease. She has lived through chronic illness and reversed her own ulcerative colitis and other health challenges such as leaky gut, food sensitivities, hormone imbalance, and a half-dozen gut infections.
How did you heal your digestive system from ulcerative colitis and gut infections?
What gut testing did you do and what infections were found?
What are some of the signs and symptoms that can hint at a potential digestive health problem that people may not necessarily associate with the gut?
What are the most common digestive issues that you see in your practice?
What is the baking soda test?
What are three things that listeners can start doing today to begin to improve their digestion?
What are some of the things that you see most people are not doing?
What are some of the things that you have people do or change in their lives so that it sets them up for success so that they are chewing their food?
I started to do some research in terms of how I could turn to food as medicine because, at that point, I just knew that a lot of foods weren't working for me, and I saw a pretty direct correlation between when I ate foods and my ulcerative colitis symptoms flaring up, so I figured that was the first place that I could begin.
I began to eat I guess we could call a Paleo Diet – clean meats, veggies, fruits, things like that. Within two weeks, I felt a world of difference.
I started working with several functional holistic practitioners who could help me dig in even further, so I continued on the food journey, continued to fine tune my diet, ran some food sensitivity testing, ran some in-depth testing to find out what other pathogens and infections were causing this inflammation in my body.
Each time I ran one of these (stool) tests, which is every six to twelve months, I found that I was peeling back the layers even deeper and really getting more into what else was going on in my digestive system.
As I addressed each major pathogen, like the parasite and H. pylori and candida, I was finding less and less major things. Those were showing up on my tests and it was more so just a little bit of bacteria imbalances here and there, but I was able to even more easily address.
The vast ways that digestive system issues can present themselves in the body really go well beyond just basic stomach pains and constipation and things like that. A lot of things that can also signal a potential digestive health issue are things like poor sleep, parasites, low energy, and general infections which can raise cortisol levels.
Irritability and depression and anxiety, a lot of mood-based and brain-related conditions can arise out of all this. The mind-gut connection is extremely strong. If things in the gut aren't too happy, then things up in the brain aren't going to be happy, too. The concept of our gut being our second brain couldn't be more true.
The last one that I typically see with people that's this kind of hidden sign of digestive health issues are skin rashes or irritation.
Constipation, diarrhea, acid reflux are typically the most common things that I hear people say right off the bat that they have.
We're not sitting down as much to have meals, taking the time to chew, sitting at the table for an hour to really enjoy our food.
Sit at the dining room or kitchen table with your family, friends, whoever you live with and actually focus on having great conversations, focus on the smell of your food, focus on chewing your food and just being present. Those are two of the biggest thing that people can start to do.
Generally, rule of thumb is chew about 30 chews per bite, depending on what the food is. If you're chewing meats or tougher veggies or nuts or seeds, absolutely you should be chewing about 30 bites and just making sure that that's fully soaking your food before you swallow it and go on to your next bite.
Stress has such a huge impact on our digestive system. Become present with your meal, take a couple of deep breaths before you even dive into your food to become present, leave all those stressors and all the worries on your mind behind, even if for the next 20 minutes.
Smelling your food and just becoming closer with it can really help to shift your body into that rest-and-digest state so that your body can divert its resources to the digestive tract.
I love the idea of gratitude. For somebody who wants to bring that to a pre-meal activity, that's fantastic.
One of the easiest and, arguably, cheapest way is to begin to go on that process is just by writing down your foods and starting to listen to your body and what is going on.


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Real Life Property Horror Stories
31st October 2017 Estate Agent News Estate Agent News 0
There's no shortage of Halloween films out there, with super horror stories, enough to give any estate agent the creeps.
Following our annual re-watch of Ghostbusters, our editorial team thought we'd share some real life spooky stories from UK properties:
McKee v Hackney – a High Court Judge believes in Ghosts….
If you don't think ghosts exist, there is a precedent in law that disagrees.
In 1969, Mr. McKee petitioned Hackney Council, for a rent reduction because he believed his rented home was haunted.
McKee claimed to have witnessed poltergeist phenomena and appearances by phantoms on numerous occasions. Raps and taps were heard at all times of day or night, along with countless strange noises.
McKee also alleged that a ghostly woman wearing white emerged from a wardrobe when the house was full. Everyone at the time was certain that they'd seen the apparition and all attested to the same disquieting, hollow, socket-like eyes. He also claimed that the apparition damaged furnishings and even set fires inside.
This was backed up by members of the Ghost Club, who went along to witness the phenomena first-hand.
McKee lobbied the council for a rent reduction. They obliged and his fee dropped from £6 a week to just five shillings. The landlord, unsurprisingly, took issue with the reduction and took the issue to court, eventually winning the case and getting his £6 figure restored, but when McKee appealed to the High Court, Lord Chief Justice Lord Parker reinstated the reduction, saying:
"There is no doubt that the tenant and his family – and indeed a number of interested people who went to observe the phenomena – were fully convinced that this was a haunted house and there were ghosts that manifested themselves from time to time."
The house, 69 Spencer Grove has since been demolished – but it's official. Judges believe in Ghosts.
Bought by the Council – and the hauntings now make it a tourist attraction.
Seller Ed Williams had no problems selling his home, which was bought by the then Rhymney Valley District Council who converted the imposing mid-16th century house into the Living History Museum which remains today.
Ed lived in his childhood home at Llancaiach Fawr Manor House, Caerphilly, from 1950-1985, and the house has featured on TV's Most Haunted.
Ed claims to have experienced footsteps above his head while watching television, a tall man rushing past him at speed and the chilling results of using a ouija board, but he is quite nonchalant about the experience:
"I never went to look for them – as far as I was concerned as long as they didn't bother me, I didn't bother them."
The 'hauntings' have continued. General manager Diane Walker told Wales Online:
"Once we had this lady who came to the house and did a tour. After it, she was pretty speechless. She had a new coat on, had never worn it before, and when she came back to the visitor centre, all the buttons from the coat were gone."
Ed says now:
"It was a wonderful home," says Ed. "I never felt threatened or at risk, and I often stayed there on my own. That said, the amount of unexplained activity that has occurred then and since means there is no way I would spend the night here on my own ever again!"
Currently for sale – the Haunted former prison that caused it's owner to flee
Far less benign, and currently for sale with Tepilo online estate agents, Clacton-on-Sea home, The Cage, is reportedly the most haunted house in Britain, with the current occupant having fled for her safety in 2008. The property, a former medieval witches' prison has been on the market since. Owner Vanessa, who claims to have been physically assaulted and pushed over whilst pregnant by the unwelcome 'ghostly tenants' told the Sun:
"The house is so haunted I haven't been able to live there since 2008. I was there for about three years but I had to leave with my young son for our own safety. Blood would appear on the walls and ground, things would shoot across the room, doors randomly slammed and I saw three ghosts while I was there. We had no choice but to leave because it got so bad."
There is plenty of horrible history and many legends to be found throughout the UK, so it's hardly surprising that property haunting rumours persist.
Modern horrors, such as the murder scene of little April Jones, Mark Bridger's house, will often see the home in question being demolished. Estate agents know that selling a modern property with a suspect history will at the very least reduce the asking price, because nobody wants to live there.
However, for older history, hauntings can be an added attraction for the right buyer. However, Managing Director of Choice Finance, Matthew Pennell, thinks even then, buyers should exercise caution.
"Before deciding to buy a haunted house, buyers should think about what their long-term plan is. If they intend to stay for the foreseeable future, a spooky reputation shouldn't be too much of a problem. For those who want to sell though, potential buyers can be put off by rumours of hauntings, and this can mean the price of the house may have to be reduced.
"I've never heard of a mortgage application being refused based on a reported haunting, but lenders will always want to know about any potential details that could negatively impact the property's value. If the property in question had a particularly infamous and well-known reputation, buyers might want to have a discussion with an experienced broker beforehand, who will be able to give advice and ensure buyers are getting the best possible deal."


Welcome back to the Casebreakers group as we continue busting 2017 products as they release. Some background on this group; We will break a case (or multiple if low end) of a newly released FB product and average about a break every other month but due to varying release dates we may break a product 3-4 weeks after the last one and then have a 8 week break until the next one releases so it won't be on a regular schedule. You join by selecting any available team that you would like to claim, and you then have the rights to retain them for as long as you choose to continue in each of our new product breaks. I will do my best to keep the cost to about $50 per slot but price will vary depending on the cost of the product, and of course the more participants we get the more product we can add to the break. We will offer optional draft slots at a discounted price to any interested participants to pick up unclaimed teams.
This will be done as a live break. I am still trying to avoid Paypal and their tax laws so I prefer payment by either bank check or the easiest is Blowout Gift Cert as that will allow you to pay via CC or Paypal. If direct paypal is your only option, I can make it work...just trying to avoid it if possible.
You get every card pulled from your team but I will include all base cards at your request only so please let me know when we break if you want all, just a player or two, or no base at all.
Multi-player cards will be awarded to the owner of the team that is represented most on the card (ex; a card with 2 Colts, 1 Brown, and 1 Lion goes to the Colts). If it's a tie, it goes to the participant who owns the most teams represented on the card. If that's a tie, it goes by player positioning and will go to the owner of the team on the top (if top/bottom), the left (if left/right), or the front (if dual sided).
If you decide to not participate in a break, your team will be up for grabs for anyone to claim and they will then hold the rights to retain that team for as long as they choose to continue.
Then you're overdue. Welcome back to the group!
Don't forget I got the Panthers.
I priced it for 21 slots so at the current participation rate I can lower the slot price but will hold off as I anticipate a few drops.
I will pick up the Bills for this break and moving forward. I will keep Cowboys,Jaguars,Packers,Steelers. Also will pick up 2 draft slots and maybe another team. This is my favorite break of the year for me. I have saved and I am ready. Just so you know I will take another full team slot depending on what become available. Please put me on back for Bears and Broncos. Thanks.
I'll take a draft spot too please.
I will drop out for this break so the Skins will be available.
Got the price down from $86 to $83 and now $80 for the first slot. Hopefully we may add a few more so we can lower further!
I will pick up the TENNESSEE TITANS and a DRAFT SLOT!
Pat! Long time no see. Hope you've been well.
I will DROP my Draft Slot and pick up the BUFFALO BILLS!


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Новілла́р () — муніципалітет у Франції, у регіоні Бургундія-Франш-Конте, департамент Ду. Населення —  осіб (2011).

Муніципалітет розташований на відстані близько 340 км на південний схід від Парижа, 10 км на північний схід від Безансона.

Історія

У 1956-2015 роках муніципалітет перебував у складі регіону Франш-Конте. Від 1 січня 2016 року належить до нового об'єднаного регіону Бургундія-Франш-Конте.

Демографія

Розподіл населення за віком та статтю (2006):

Економіка

У 2010 році в муніципалітеті числилось 531 оподатковане домогосподарство, у яких проживали 1337,0 особи, медіана доходів виносила  євро на одного особоспоживача

Посилання

 Новіллар на сайті французького Національного інституту географії
 [ Розташування муніципалітету Новіллар на мапі Франції та сусідні муніципалітети]

Див. також
 Список муніципалітетів департаменту Ду

Примітки

Муніципалітети департаменту Ду

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Martín Liberman (Buenos Aires, 21 de septiembre  de 1974) es un periodista deportivo, presentador, productor y comentarista de Radio argentino, actualmente conduce Debate F por Star+, es Periodista deportivo exclusivo para el Continente Americano en Tigo Sports y diariamente conduce el programa de radio Liberman en línea por Late 93.1 FM.

Vida personal
En 2003, se casó con Marcela Greco, de quien se separó en 2016. Ambos tienen un hijo llamado Blas. En 2019 se casa con la bailarina Ana Laura López, producto de esta relación, el 9 de mayo de 2022, nació Milo, el segundo hijo de Martín Liberman y primero de su segundo matrimonio.

Trayectoria
Martín estudió periodismo deportivo en la Escuela Superior de Ciencias Deportivas de Marcelo Araujo y Fernando Niembro.
Liberman fue integrante de canales como Canal 26 y Fox Sports.También ha incursionado en radio.

Fue participante del programa de televisión Bailando 2014 que se emite dentro del reality Showmatch, siendo eliminado en la quinta gala, ante María Eugenia Ritó, que obtuvo el 51.34% de los votos del público.

Dos años después, volvió a participar en el reality Showmatch en el Bailando 2016. Abandonó el programa en agosto de ese año. En abril de 2016, regresó a la pantalla de Canal 26 con su programa Liberman en Línea.

En 2017, entrevistó a Cristiano Ronaldo en la previa de la final de Liga de Campeones de la UEFA. Es conocido por su admiración hacia Ronaldo y sus críticas a Lionel Messi, ya que se considera antimessi y que el portugués está a la par de su compatriota. Por su trabajo en Debate Final, en 2017 ganó un premio Martín Fierro de Cable a la mejor conducción masculina.

Otras participaciones en Medios
Desde abril de 2019, conduce el espacio matutino Agenda Fox Sports, reemplazando a Alina Moine, quien pasó a conducir el noticiero nocturno Central Fox, junto con Juan José Buscalia.

El 20 de enero de 2020, Fox Sports Argentina, decidió que Martín Liberman dejaba de ser el conductor principal de Agenda Fox Sports, en reemplazo de él, tomara lugar Luciana Rubinska, que ya había formado en las etapas distintas del mencionado programa, pero siguiendo como conductor principal de Debate Final.

En 2020 desde mayo a diciembre condujo en Radio Rivadavia la tira deportiva de La Oral Deportiva.

Despedida de Fox Sports
El 21 de septiembre de 2020, anunció su salida de Fox Sports y el 15 de enero de 2021 su salida definitiva de Torneos tras 26 años.

El 26 de julio de 2021 se sumó como jurado en el renovado 8 escalones conducido por el presentador de televisión Guido Kaczka por Canal 13 de Argentina.

El 5 de diciembre de 2021 vuelve a la televisión cómo periodista deportivo en el nuevo programa llamado ESPN Debate F, en la plataforma Star+.

Programas de televisión
 El Equipo de Primera (1999-2000)
 Fox Sports Noticias (1997-2002)
 Central Fox (2009)
 Debate Final (2010)
 ShowMatch: Bailando 2014
 ShowMatch: Bailando 2016
 Liberman en Línea (2017-2019)
 Juego Sagrado (2017—2020)
 Agenda Fox Sports (2019—2020)
 Los 8 escalones del millón (2021—presente)
 ESPN Debate F (2021—presente)

Referencias

Judíos de Argentina
Periodistas de Argentina
Periodistas deportivos de Argentina
Participantes de Bailando por un sueño
Porteños


text:
Leaders Bio – Biodun Oyebanji Biography And Net Worth, Age, Family, Wife, Religion, Hometown, Wikipedia
Biodun Oyebanji Biography And Net Worth, Age, Family, Wife, Religion, Hometown
Biodun Oyebanji Profile
Biodun Oyeblkogosi-Ekitianji Biography
Who Is Biodun Oyebanji
Wife And Children
Age – Date Of Birth
Educational Background And Qualification
Biodun Oyebanji Net Worth
Hometown – Tribe
Biodun Oyebanji Career
Interest To Be The Governor
Full Name: Abiodun Abayomi Oyebanji (BAO)
Date Of Birth: 21st of December 1967
Age: 55 years old @ 2022
State Of Origin: Ikogosi-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Wife: Prof. Olayemi Oyebanji
Occupation: Politician – Professor – Enterprenuer
Political Party: APC
Education: Ekiti State University "Political Science"
Tribe: Yoruba
Hometown: Ikogosi-Ekiti
He is from Ikogosi-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Biodun Oyebanji (BAO) was born on the 21st of December 1967. He will be at the Age of 55 by ending of this year 2022. He is the current and present Governor of Ekiti State, Nigeria. He won the election to be the Governor on 18 June 2022.
Biodun Oyebanji is a politician in Nigeria who is currently a member of the All Progressive Congress (APC). He's a lecturer who used to work for the Ekiti State Government as a secretary. He is now the present Governor of the State, he won the 2022 Governorship Election on 18 June 2022. He defeated Bisi kolawole and Segun Ojo in the election.
Professor (Mrs) Oyebanji is Abiodun Oyebanji's wife. She is both a princess and an Associate Professor at the University of Ibadan in Ado Ekiti. His children's names are still unknown.
He is currently 54 years old, but since he was born on December 21, 1967, he will be 55 this year 2022.
His academic career began in Ikogosi-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria, at Baptist Primary School. Before moving to CAC Grammar School in Efon-Alaaye, Ekiti state in 1979, he attended Awo Community High School.
He attended the Federal School of Arts and Science in Ondo State and the District Commercial Secondary School in Aramoko-Ekiti from 1983 to 1985.
He graduated from Ondo State University, currently known as Ekiti State University, with a degree in Political Science in 1989. He also earned a Master's degree in Political Science from the University of Ibadan in 1992. (UI).
His Net Worth is under review, but based on estimations and reviews he is actually a Millionaire. Looking at the expensive Cars and Houses he has he can be worth more than, $2 Million.
Where Is Biodun Oyebanji From? He is from Ikogosi-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria. Abiodun Speaks Yoruba and he is from the Yoruba lineage.
Abiodun Oyebanji was a lecturer in the Department of Political Science at the University of Ado-Ekiti from 1993 until 1997. He worked as a Manager at defunct Omega Bank PLC, now known as Heritage Bank, for four years, until May 1999. He is also involved in agriculture and currently serves as the chairman of Con Dios Farm LTD.
Biodun Abayomi Oyebanji has a long history in Ekiti politics, having served as Special Assistant (Parliament Affairs) to the Governor of Ekiti State (8th June 1999-2000); Special Adviser (Parliament Affairs) to the Governor of Ekiti State (8th June 1999-2000); and Special Adviser (Parliament Affairs) to the Governor of Ekiti State (8th June 1999-2000). (1st Aug. 2000-Sept. 2001).
From September 2001 until May 29, 2003, Hon Oyebanji served as the Governor of Ekiti State's Chief of Staff, and from June 2009 to December 2010, he was the Chairman of the Governing Board of the Citizenship and Leadership Training Centre, under the Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development.
The politician from Ikogosi served as the State Commissioner, Ministry of Integration and Inter-Governmental Affairs, as well as the Head of Ekiti State's Office of Transformation Strategy and Delivery (OTSD).
Biodun Oyebanji was the Secretary of Ekiti State Government under Gov. John Kayode Fayemi until he announced his desire to run for Governor of Ekiti State.
Biodun Oyebanji resigned as the state SSG on December 7, 2021, to devote himself fully to the governorship campaign. The resignation was conveyed in a letter to the Governor, dated December 3, 2021, according to a statement by the Governor's Chief Press Secretary, Yinka Oyebode.
Oyebanji's resignation was based on his decision to run for governor of the state in the upcoming election. According to the statement, Governor Fayemi thanked the former SSG for his outstanding contributions to the administration since its inception in 2018 and wished him well in his future endeavors.
He would pick up the election nomination in Abuja a few days later, accompanied by some political appointees. Biodun Oyebanji said during one of the campaign tours that Governor Fayemi and the state's first executive governor, Niyi Adebayo, had given him the best of pupillage in governance and politics so that he could navigate the bumpy terrain and deliver.
"If I get the governorship ticket and win, I will be the first homeboy to be governor of Ekiti," he says. I went to school in Ekiti from primary to secondary school and then to.
"I had four years of strong instruction from Niyi Adebayo and seven years under Governor Fayemi. I have 11 years of experience as a public worker out of the 25 years since this State was founded. Ask other aspirants where they received their pupilage to be able to do well as a governor if they come to you.
"I was barely 27 years old when Ekiti State was created in 1996, and I served as the Secretary of the Committee for the Creation of Our Dear State." I knew what the vision was at the time because of this opportunity.
"I'll never be an unintentional governor." I knew Governor Fayemi's vision, and if you don't want everything he's done for Ekiti to be squandered like it was after 2014, vote for me in this primary."
Biodun Oyebanji served as Special Assistant (Parliament Affairs) to the Governor of Ekiti State from June 8, 1999, to June 8, 2000; Special Adviser (Parliament Affairs) to the Governor of Ekiti State from August 1, 2000, to September 1, 2001; and Special Adviser (Parliament Affairs) to the Governor of Ekiti State from August 1, 2000, to September 1, 2001.
Chairman, Governing Board, Citizenship and Leadership Training Centre, Federal Ministry of Youth and Sports Development (September 2001-May 29, 2003); Chief of Staff to the Governor of Ekiti State (September 2001-May 29, 2003). (June 2009-December 2010).
He was Commissioner, Ministry of Integration and Inter-Governmental Affairs, Ekiti State (December 2010-December 2011); Head, Office of Transformation Strategy and Delivery (OTSD), Ekiti State (December 2011-January 2013); Commissioner, Ministry of Integration and Inter-Governmental Affairs, Ekiti State (December 2010-December 2011); Commissioner, Ministry of Integration and Inter-Governmental Affairs, Ekiti State (December 2010-December 2011); Commissioner, Ministry of Integration and Inter-Governmental Affairs, Ekiti State.
Commissioner, Ekiti State Government's Ministry of Budget, Economic Planning, and Service Delivery (10th January 2013-16th October 2014); Secretary, Ekiti State Government's Ministry of Budget, Economic Planning, and Service Delivery (10th January 2013-16th October 2014); Commissioner, Ekiti State Government's Ministry of Budget, Economic Planning (16th October 2018 till December 7, 2021) Biodun Abayomi Oyebanji (BAO) is running for governor of Ekiti in 2022.
Leaders Bio – Ladipo Johnson Biography And Net Worth, Age, State, Wife. Education, Career, Religion
Leaders Bio – Doyin Okupe Biography And Net Worth, Age, State, Wife, Children, Career


Enjoy display what's on your Apple iPhone X on a bigger screen, such as a TV or projector with these steps.
The Lightning to HDMI adapter allows your iPhone 7 to work with almost any HDMI device.
You can attach your iPhone 7 to a TV using the Lightning Digital AV Adapter. Connect the adapter to your iPhone 7, then connect an HDMI cable between the TV and adapter.
Once connected, video will be mirrored on the screen. Audio is also routed to your TV. Most apps work with this setup including Hulu and Netflix. Some apps like HBO Go and NFL Mobile do not allow mirroring via a cable connection.
Connect an Apple TV to your television.
Swipe up from the bottom of the screen to reveal the Control Center.
Select the "Apple TV" device from the list. You should be able to select this as long as both devices are on the same wireless network.
That's it! You are ready to enjoy streaming content from your iPhone X to your TV.
How to get this cable via online. Can you please forward the details.


Obituary for Nicholaus Joseph Franks | Bednarsky Funeral Home Inc.
Nicholas Joseph Franks, Sr. 72 of Binghamton, went to be with the Lord, Sunday, August 5, 2018. He was predeceased by his parents, Michael and Mary Franks; his sisters, Kay (Jim) Lloyd, Shirley (Frank) Newton, Maryann Nalepa, Lila Mann; his brothers, Robert and John Franks. He is survived by three children, Lisa Johnson, Joseph Franks and Nicholas Joseph Franks, Jr.; his sister, Delores Frayer; his sister-in-law, Betty Franks; ten grandchildren, Jennifer, Roger, Krystina, Ashley, Austin, Nicholas, Zachary, Damien, Tyler and Kaylee; twelve great-grandchildren; also several nieces and nephews. He was a graduate of Binghamton Central High School, a veteran of the US Army, a retired bus driver for BC Transit and a former employee of the City of Binghamton. He was a champion billiards player, enjoyed horse racing and spending time with his children and grandchildren. Funeral Services will be held Friday 10:30 AM from the Bednarsky Funeral Home, Inc. 96 Glenwood Ave. Binghamton, and at 11:00 AM at the Calvary Baptist Church 466 Chenango St. Binghamton, with the Rev. Bill Deckert, officiating. Burial will be in Holy Spirit Cemetery at the convenience of the family. The family will receive friends at the Bednarsky Funeral Home on Thursday from 5 to 7 PM. In lieu of flowers, expressions of sympathy in his memory may be made to the Disabled American Veterans, Bill Gasper Memorial Chapter #60, P.O. Box 308 Binghamton, NY 13902.


Come and join Winnie and myself with others and the cross tomorrow 11th December between 12h00 – 14h00 on the small beach at Three Anchor bay as we together with other Christians pray and worship and intercede for revival to take place from Cape Town – Jerusalem. Join us as we pray for the for the Gospel to go forth from Cape Town to Jerusalem. Bring along you shofar , flags and guitars as we will praise and worship Jesus. All is welcome. We doing this with Maditshaba Moloko from Cape to Jerusalem Prayer Watch and other leaders from all over Africa to bring unity with each other as believers in Christ answering the call. Contact me on 081 7955040 if you want to come. i have included a map of where we will be. You will find us at the small beach at the beginning of Three Anchor Bay and Mouille Point. Come and answer the call with us to unite and see Africa changed for Jesus. See you there.
Based on this vision and other revelations, a group of leaders and intercessors will perform a prophetic act in Cape Town at Cape Point on the 11th of December 2015 from 12h00 to 14h00 South African time zone (UTC+02:00) led by Baruch Maayan, a South African Born Messianic leader now based in Israel.
After much prayer, revelation and understanding, we are also calling Leaders and Intercessors from EVERY NATION on the Continent of Africa to UNITE with us during this time to praise, worship and pray and to stand in the gap for your Nation (in your Country) at this pivotal moment. Please also read Isaiah 19. We will also be joined by Intercessors from Israel, Jerusalem.


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A new book from Library of Congress Historian John Y. Cole, America's Greatest Library: An Illustrated History of the Library of Congress, tells the story of the nation's oldest federal cultural institution and how it came to be the world's largest library.
"America's Greatest Library," which will be published January 9, 2018 by D Giles Limited in association with the Library of Congress, highlights the personalities and events that created and sustained the institution over its 217-year history, starting at a time when Washington had no other libraries or cultural institutions. Packed with fascinating stories, compelling images and little-known nuggets of information, the narrative traces the growth of the collections with the development of the nation's capital through a combination of concise milestones, brief essays and vivid photographs and illustrations.
"America's Greatest Library," a 256-page softcover book with 250 illustrations, is available for $19.95 in the Library of Congress Shop, 10 First St. S.E., Washington, D.C., 20540-4985. Credit card orders are taken at 888.682.3557 or loc.gov/shop/. Hardcover and e-book versions are available through book retailers. The publication of "America's Greatest Library" was made possible by a generous gift from Julie Chrystyn Opperman.
The Library of Congress is the world's largest library, offering access to the creative record of the United States — and extensive materials from around the world — both on-site and online. It is the main research arm of the US Congress and the home of the US Copyright Office. Explore collections, reference services, and other programs and plan a visit at loc.gov.


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Warning sign on China debt reaches record level: report
BEIJING, CHINA: A key gauge of China's debt has reached its highest level on record, setting off alarm bells of imminent risk to the banking system, a Swiss banking watchdog reported.
China's credit-to-GDP gap reached 30.1 per cent in the first quarter of 2016, its highest level ever and far above the 10 per cent level associated with banking risks, the Bank for International Settlements (BIS) said in a quarterly report released late Sunday.
It gave China a red signal, a level it said was intended to indicate the possibility of a financial crisis in the three years ahead.
The world's second-largest economy is grappling with a tough economic transition, as Beijing seeks to boost sluggish growth with an infusion of cheap credit.
But analysts have warned that a debt-fuelled rebound might be short-lived, and that ballooning borrowings risk sparking a financial crisis as bad loans and bond defaults increase.
The BIS put China's debt level for the period above all countries in the survey, which covered 41 nations including the United States, Greece, and the United Kingdom.
The BIS early-warning indicators are intended to capture "financial overheating and potential financial distress" in the medium term, it said, and to highlight that rapid credit growth could "sow the seeds" for future crises.
China's total debt hit 168.48 trillion yuan ($25 trillion) at the end of last year, equivalent to 249 per cent of national GDP, the China Academy of Social Sciences, a top government think tank, has estimated.
Last month all of China's "Big Four" state-owned banks reported mounting bad loans in the first half of the year, and earlier in the summer an official with China's banking regulator said that banks had written off more than $300 billion of bad loans in the past three years.
But Chinese authorities have unveiled a set of policies intended to tackle the problem of souring loans, including debt-for-equity swaps, and analysts say China's vast foreign-exchange reserves and control over the banking system could help cushion the economy from financial crises.
World oil prices rise on Russian President remarks