text:
\section{Introduction}
Understanding, identifying and exploiting ``quantumness'' in composite systems represent essential steps to grasp the fundamental implications of quantum theory \cite{zurekrmp}, and are of particular relevance in the race for efficient information and communication technology applications defying the classical boundaries \cite{nielsenchuang}. Nonlocality and entanglement are clearcut signatures of nonclassicality \cite{entanglementreview,nonlocalityreview}. However, it has recently been acknowledged that, focusing on aspects of {\it correlations} among quantum systems, manifestations of quantumness can exist even in absence of entanglement \cite{discord}. Quantum discord and related measures of general quantum correlations are receiving widespread attention \cite{merali} as they promise to enable a supraclassical speedup in computational frameworks where entanglement is not robust enough to endure \cite{dqc1}. Some protocols have been identified that appear to take advantage of discord-like correlations, rather than entanglement, for their functionality \cite{review}; still, basic questions about the interpretation of discord remain unanswered.

Some steps have been undertaken to understand the interplay between entanglement and general quantum correlations \cite{review,beyond}. A hierarchic relation  is proven for two qubits \cite{interplay}, involving the negativity ${\cal N}$ \cite{negativity} as an entanglement measure, and the so-called geometric discord ${\cal D}_G$ \cite{dakic} as a nonclassicality indicator: $\sqrt{{\cal D}_G} \geq {\cal N}$. Less is known about the structure of general quantum correlations in high-dimensional systems, with the exception of continuous variable Gaussian states \cite{adessodatta,giordaparis,gamid,gaussgd}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{schemes3d.pdf}
\caption{(Color online). Schemes for hybrid teleportation (a), and hybrid remote state preparation (b), via the shared resource states $\rho_{AB}$ of a qubit $A$ and an oscillator $B$. Details are provided in the text.}
\label{fische}
\end{figure}

Here we study hybrid bipartite systems comprising a two-level system $A$ (qubit) and a harmonic oscillator $B$ (qumode). We consider a class of states $\rho_{AB}$ in which correlations are induced by the action of qubit-controlled displacements on the oscillator \cite{tufo1}. These states can be implemented in several setups \cite{tufophd} and the required interaction can be exploited for universal quantum computation \cite{qubus}.

The main aim of this paper is construct protocols for quantum communication using these resource states, and analyze their performance in connection with the contents of different types of correlations in the states $\rho_{AB}$.

 We define two state-transfer protocols based on the shared states $\rho_{AB}$, see Fig.~\ref{fische}. One is a hybrid teleportation scheme \cite{telep} where Bob can teleport an unknown qubit state $\ket{\psi^{\rm in}_Q}$ to Alice, and whose fidelity is proven to approach unity for a particular subclass of resource states. The second is a hybrid remote state preparation protocol \cite{originalrsp} where Alice can measure the qubit to remotely prepare Bob's oscillator in some (known to Alice) state $\ket{\psi_B^{\rm goal}}$. In this case, if the receiver Bob can only perform unitary corrections, the fidelity is bounded in general by the initial purity of the oscillator \cite{footnotemixedqub,chaves,dakicrsp}; however, if we allow Bob to perform non-unitary corrections, the figure of merit can increase and match the one associated to teleportation.

We thus analyze in detail the nature of correlations in the states $\rho_{AB}$ and their role for the performance of the different protocols. We obtain analytical formulas for negativity ${\cal N}$ \cite{negativity}, entropic quantum discord ${\cal D}_Z$ \cite{discord}, and geometric discord ${\cal D}_G$ \cite{dakic} of the states $\rho_{AB}$. We find that such states can be maximally entangled and maximally discordant in the limit of large displacements, while their geometric discord is limited by the initial purity of the oscillator and can be thus arbitrarily small.  We argue that this is a direct consequence of the particular geometry of the state-space induced by the Hilbert-Schmidt norm, which enters the definition of ${\cal D}_G$ \cite{dakic}, leading us to conclude that ${\cal D}_G$ cannot be regarded, in general, as a proper `measure' of nonclassical correlations, in agreement with the conclusions of Ref.~\cite{pianicomment}.

This work provides three main advances. First, from a practical viewpoint, it presents workable protocols for hybrid quantum communication, which can be useful as building blocks in any light-matter interfaced implementation of quantum information processing \cite{qinternet,hybridfuru,qubus}. Second, from a technical viewpoint, it provides useful methods for the analytical evaluation of correlation quantifiers in bipartite systems with subsystems of different dimensionality \cite{farlocco}. Third, from a physical perspective, it exposes the need for a mathematically sound and physically meaningful approach to delve into the nature and structure of general nonclassical correlations in quantum states.

The organization of the paper is as follows. In Sec.~\ref{secstates} we define the studied model and calculate analytically various measures of nonclassical correlations for the states $\rho_{AB}$. In Sec.~\ref{secprotocols} we define protocols for teleportation and remote state preparation using the shared resource states $\rho_{AB}$ and calculate their fidelity, relating it to the correlations present in the states. In Sec.~\ref{secconcl} we draw our conclusions. Some technical derivations are deferred to Appendixes.

\section{The states and their correlations.}\label{secstates}
We consider a family of qubit-oscillator states $\rho_{AB}=U_{AB}(\beta)\big(\rho_A^0 \otimes \rho_B^0\big)U^\dagger_{AB}(\beta)$
obtained by applying the unitary $U_{AB}(\beta)=D(\sigma_3 \beta)$ to an initially uncorrelated general state $\rho_A^0 \otimes \rho_B^0$. This interaction induces a qubit-controlled displacement on the oscillator, that is, a displacement where the sign of the parameter $\pm \beta$ is determined by the eigenvalue of the qubit Pauli operator $\sigma_3$ \cite{tufophd,tufo1}. This corresponds e.g.~to the evolution of the joint system via a coupling Hamiltonian $H \propto \sigma_3(b+b^\dagger)$, which can be realized experimentally in a number of setups \cite{tufophd,exprefs}. This type of interaction has relevant applications for the state reconstruction of oscillator networks probed by a single qubit \cite{tufo23} and for quantum computation based on light-matter interfaces \cite{qubus}. We describe the  state of qubit $A$ before the interaction as $\rho_A^0 = {{p \ \ \  r} \choose {\ r^\ast \ 1-p}}$ in the standard basis $\{\ket{e},\ket{g}\}$, with $0 \le p \le 1$ and $|r|^2 \leq p(1-p)$.
The states of the hybrid system after the interaction take the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\rho_{AB}&=&p\kebra{e}{e}\otimes D(\beta)\rho_B^0 D^\dagger(\beta)+(1-p)\kebra{g}{g}\otimes D^\dagger(\beta)\rho_B^0 D(\beta)\nonumber\\
&+&r\kebra{e}{g}\otimes D(\beta)\rho_B^0 D(\beta)+r^*\kebra{g}{e}\otimes D^\dagger(\beta)\rho_B^0 D^\dagger(\beta).\label{states}
\end{eqnarray}
We focus on the regime of large displacements $|\beta| \rightarrow \infty$, which in practice means $|\beta|$ large enough such that the overlap between the two phase-space domains, associated to $\rho_B^0$ displaced by $\beta$, and to $\rho_B^0$ displaced by $-\beta$, becomes negligible.

Let us calculate the correlations in the states of Eq.~(\ref{states}). Nonlocality properties have been studied in \cite{mauro}.

Entanglement can be quantified by the (normalized) negativity \cite{negativity} ${\cal N}(\rho_{AB}) =  (\|\rho_{AB}^{{\sf T}_A}\|_1 -1)$, where $\|M\|_1=\text{Tr}|M|$ denotes the trace norm and $\rho_{AB}^{{\sf T}_A}$ is obtained by partial transposition with respect to the qubit only \cite{ppt}. We find the following rigorous result, whose proof is provided in Appendix~\ref{secappa}
\begin{equation}\label{n}
\lim_{|\beta| \rightarrow \infty} {\cal N}(\rho_{AB}) = 2|r|\,.
\end{equation}
Independently of the initial state of the oscillator (namely, no matter how thermal it is), one can always find a $|\beta|$ large enough such that the qubit-oscillator states are asymptotically maximally entangled, when the qubit is initially in a pure equatorial state, $p=|r|=1/2$. Then the state $\rho_{AB}$ reproduces a proper Schr\"odinger cat state, if one interprets the qubit as the `microscopic' degree of freedom and the qumode as the `macroscopic' one \cite{gatto}.

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8cm]{corrtut.pdf}
\caption{(Color online). Plot of negativity [Eq.~\ref{n}] (solid line), lower bound on  entropic discord [Eq.~(\ref{dzdig})] (dashed line), and geometric discord [Eq.~\ref{dg}] for $\mu^0_B=0.5,\ 0.1$ (dotted and dot-dashed line, respectively) calculated for the states $\rho_{AB}$ with $p=1/2$, as a function  of $|r|$. The plotted quantities are dimensionless and correspond to  $|\beta|\rightarrow \infty$.}
\label{figtotcor}
\end{figure}

Let us now consider more general types of nonclassical correlations. The geometric discord ${\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB})$ quantifies how far (in Hilbert-Schmidt norm) a bipartite quantum state is from the set of classical-quantum states \cite{dakic}. It can be measured experimentally with direct, non-tomographic methods \cite{q,cinesidg,passantenew}.
Given a quantum state $\rho_{AB}$ of a $\mathbbm{C}^2 \otimes \mathbbm{C}^d$ system, with $A$ being a qubit and $B$ being an arbitrary (finite or infinite) $d$-dimensional system, the normalized geometric discord ${\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB})$  is defined as \cite{dakic,luofu}
${\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB}) = 2 \inf_{\Pi_A} \|\rho_{AB} -  \Pi_A(\rho_{AB})\|_2^2$, where the infimum is over all von Neumann measurements $\Pi_A \equiv \{\Pi_A^k\}$ on the qubit $A$, with $\Pi_A(\rho_{AB})=\sum_k(\Pi_A^k \otimes \mathbbm{1}_B) \rho_{AB} (\Pi_A^k \otimes \mathbbm{1}_B)$, and $\|M\|_2=\sqrt{\text{Tr}(M M^\dagger)}$ is the Hilbert-Schmidt norm.
In Appendix~\ref{secappb}, we provide a useful and compact analytical framework for the calculation of ${\cal D}_G$ in $2 \times d$ systems including the case $d=\infty$, which we need here. We obtain
\begin{equation}\label{dg}
\lim_{|\beta| \rightarrow \infty} {\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB}) = 4 \mu_B^0  |r|^2 \,.
\end{equation}
The geometric discord can be made arbitrarily small by decreasing the initial purity $\mu_B^0 \equiv \text{tr}_B[({\rho_B^0})^2]$ of the oscillator (see Fig.~\ref{figtotcor}). This result shows that the conjectured ordering relation $\sqrt{{\cal D}_G} \geq {\cal N}$, which holds for all two-qubit states \cite{interplay}, is violated when at least one subsystem of a bipartite system has large dimension, as in our case. For the states $\rho_{AB}$, the ordering is actually {\it reversed}, revealing the quirky situation of states with possibly maximum entanglement yet asymptotically vanishing (for $\mu_B^0 \rightarrow 0$)  geometric discord.

We then ask: are those maximally entangled states infinitesimally close to the classical-quantum border in other metrics?
To address the question, we evaluate the conventional entropic quantum discord ${\cal D}_Z$ \cite{discord} on the states $\rho_{AB}$. We recall the definition, ${\cal D}_Z(\rho_{AB}) = \inf_{\Pi_A} \{{\cal I}(\rho_{AB})-{\cal I}[\Pi_A(\rho_{AB})]\}$, where ${\cal I}$ denotes the quantum mutual information.
We observe that, by means of a local operation on Bob's side, one can map $\rho_{AB}$ onto an effective two-qubit state $\tilde{\rho}_{AB}$. Entanglement measures \cite{entanglementreview} as well as the discord ${\cal D}_Z$ with measurements on $A$ \cite{streltsov}  (but crucially not ${\cal D}_G$ \cite{newdgnonmono})
 are monotonic under such operations on $B$, so that by evaluating those correlation measures on $\tilde{\rho}_{AB}$ one obtains lower bounds to the corresponding measures for $\rho_{AB}$ \cite{ivettebose,lukt,farlocco}. In particular, as proven in Appendix~\ref{secdigapp}, Bob can choose two orthonormal vectors $\ket{\tilde e},\ket{\tilde g}$ and design a local operation which, in the limit of large displacements, converts the state $\rho_{AB}$ to the `digitalized' $\tilde{\rho}_{AB}^{\rm dig} = p \ketbra{e \tilde e} + r \kebra{e\tilde e}{g\tilde g} + r^\ast \kebra{g \tilde g}{e \tilde e} + (1-p) \ketbra{g \tilde g}$, without resorting to post-selection. This effective two-qubit state can be achieved independently of the initial purity of $B$.
The entropic discord in the digitalized state reads
\begin{eqnarray}\label{dzdig}
{\cal D}_Z(\tilde{\rho}_{AB}^{\rm dig})&=&-p \log_2 (p) -(1-p) \log_2(1-p)  \\ &+& \hbox{$\frac12\left[ \log_2\big(p(1-p)-|r|^2\big)+\zeta\log_2\left(\frac{1+\zeta}{1-\zeta}\right)\right]$}, \nonumber
\end{eqnarray}
with $\zeta=\sqrt{(1-2p)^2+4|r|^2}$.
 In the case $p=|r|=1/2$, the entropic discord ${\cal D}_Z(\tilde{\rho}^{\rm dig}_{AB})$ converges to $1$ like the entanglement, implying ${\cal D}_Z({\rho}_{AB})\rightarrow 1$ in the original states of Eq.~(\ref{states}) as well.

This demonstrates that the Hilbert-Schmidt norm is generally unsuitable for defining quantitative distance-based measures of correlations---as recognized for entanglement in \cite{ozawa} and very recently for geometric discord in \cite{pianicomment}---with its deficiency being even more critically exposed in systems with large dimension.  We can then reassess some findings in the recent literature, such as ${\cal D}_G$ failing to capture the resource power of the discrete quantum computation with one bit \cite{dakic,passantenew}, as evidences of this deficiency. Nevertheless, when the purity of the states is fixed, and/or when the dimension of the Hilbert space is small enough (e.g.~for two qubits), the geometric discord returns a reliable quantification of nonclassical correlations \cite{interplay,davidonzo,dakicrsp}. In general, given its computability and experimental accessibility \cite{cinesidg,q}, it can still play a useful role if one correctly regards it not as a measure by itself, but as a valid {\it lower bound} to regular measures of nonclassical correlations like the relative entropy of discord \cite{watrousnotes,req} (alias one-way deficit \cite{onewaydeficit}). Such a bound becomes  looser with increasing dimension, as evidenced by our analysis, and as emerged in the study of continuous variable Gaussian states \cite{gaussgd}.

\section{Hybrid quantum communication protocols}\label{secprotocols}

We now question whether the different aspects of correlations identified in the states of Eq.~(\ref{states}) (see Fig.~\ref{figtotcor} for a comparison) can be endowed with operational meanings.
We design two hybrid quantum communication protocols which employ the family of states $\rho_{AB}$, with Alice operating the qubit $A$ and Bob operating the oscillator $B$, as shared resources.

\subsection{Hybrid teleportation}\label{secTele}
Alice and Bob share a state $\rho_{AB}$ of the form (\ref{states}) [See Fig.~\ref{fische}(a) for reference]. Bob (the sender) wishes to teleport \cite{telep} an unknown state $\ket{\psi^{{\rm in}}_Q} = \eta\ket{e} + \gamma\ket{g}$ of an input qubit $Q$ to Alice (the receiver). Bob then makes a joint measurement on the input qubit $Q$ and the oscillator $B$, communicates the outcome to Alice, who can then implement a correction on her qubit $A$. The final state $\rho_A^{{\rm out}}$ of $A$ can be shown (see below) to have a fidelity ${\cal F}_{\textsc{tel}}=\bra{\psi^{{\rm in}}_Q}\rho_A^{{\rm out}}\ket{\psi^{{\rm in}}_Q}$, averaged over the uniform  distribution of the input state, given by
\begin{equation}\label{fidtelep}
\lim_{|\beta| \rightarrow \infty} \bar{{\cal F}}_{\textsc{tel}} = \tfrac23\big(1+|r|\big)\,.
\end{equation}
Notice that for any $|r|>0$ the average fidelity $\bar{{\cal F}}_{\textsc{tel}}$ exceeds the classical benchmark achievable by measure-and-prepare schemes, ${\cal F}^{\rm cl}_{\textsc{tel}} = 2/3$ \cite{telebenchmark}. We can then define a {\it payoff} \begin{equation}{\cal P}_{\textsc{tel}} = (1-{\cal F}^{\rm cl}_{\textsc{tel}})^{-1}\max\{0, \bar{{\cal F}}_{\textsc{tel}} - {\cal F}^{\rm cl}_{\textsc{tel}}\}\end{equation} quantifying the better-than-classical performance of the teleportation protocol. It is immediate to see that in the limit of large displacements
\begin{equation}\label{payofftelep}
{\cal P}_{\textsc{tel}} = {\cal N}(\rho_{AB})=2|r|\,.
\end{equation}
This shows that entanglement, in the form of negativity, is clearly the resource for this protocol [see Fig.~\ref{payoffighi}(a)].

We now provide the explicit steps of the protocol and prove the result announced in Eq.~(\ref{fidtelep}), which can be formalized as follows: For any $\epsilon>0$, the state \eqref{states} can be used for teleportation of a generic qubit state $\ket{\psi_Q^{\rm in}}$  from Bob to Alice, with average fidelity $\bar{{\cal F}}_{\textsc{tel}}\geq (2/3)(1+|r|)-\epsilon$ and success probability $P\geq 1-\epsilon$.

We first choose a cutoff integer $N$ and define $\epsilon_N=\sum_{N+1}^\infty s_n$, where the initial state of the oscillator $B$ in Eq.~(\ref{states}) has been written generically as $\rho_B^0 = \sum_n s_n \ketbra{\psi_n}$.  We can find a lower bound to the fidelity by just assuming that, with probability $\epsilon_N$, the protocol fails. That is, we may use
$\rho_\textrm{AB}'=(1-\epsilon_N)\rho_{AB}^{(N)}+\epsilon_N\rho_{AB}^{\perp}$
where $\rho_{AB}^{(N)}$ is the truncated version of $\rho_\textrm{AB}$ and $\rho_{AB}^\perp$ a state that yields zero teleportation fidelity. From now on we  assume that Alice and Bob share the truncated resource $\rho_{AB}^{(N)}$, and the derived results will hold with probability $P\geq1-\epsilon_N$. One can always choose $N$ large enough so that $\epsilon_N<\epsilon$.

The initial state of the complete $ABQ$ system is
$\rho^{{\rm in}}_{ABQ}=\ketbra{\psi_Q^{\rm in}}\otimes\rho_{AB}^{(N)}$.
The state $\rho_{AB}^{(N)}$ can be expanded in terms of the qubit basis and the $2(N+1)$ states $\{D(\beta)\ket{\psi_n},D^\dagger(\beta)\ket{\psi_n}\}_{n=0,...,N}$. If we choose $|\beta|$ large enough, these states will be effectively orthonormal. Then, Bob performs a hybrid Bell-state measurement corresponding to the following $4(N+1)$ orthonormal vectors, $\ket{\phi_m^\pm}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\big(\ket e D(\beta)\ket{\psi_m}\pm \ket g D^\dagger(\beta)\ket{\psi_m}\big)$, and $\ket{\xi_m^\pm}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}\big(\ket e D^\dagger(\beta)\ket{\psi_m}\pm \ket g D(\beta)\ket{\psi_m}\big)$. These measurements can be done as follows: Bob performs the disentangling operation $U^\dagger=D^\dagger(\sigma_3\beta)$ on the input qubit $Q$ and his oscillator $B$, then measures the qubit $Q$ in the basis $\{\ket e\pm \ket g\}$, and the oscillator in the effectively orthogonal basis $\{\ket{\psi_m},D(2\beta)\pm D^\dagger(2\beta)]\ket{\psi_m}\}_{m=0}^N$ \cite{noteex}.
Then, upon receiving two classical bits from Bob (as all values of $m$ give the same results), Alice first performs a local phase rotation $\ket e\to\tfrac{|r|}{r}\ket e$ on qubit $A$; further, she may or may not perform the corrections $\ket e\leftrightarrow \ket g$ and $\ket e\to-\ket e$, depending on Bob's outcomes. After tedious calculations, we find that there are only two possible (unnormalized) states that Alice gets,
\begin{eqnarray*}
\rho^{{\rm out} \phi}_A&=& p|\eta|^2\kebra{e}{e}+(1-p)|\gamma|^2\kebra{g}{g}+ |r|\eta\gamma^*\kebra{e}{g}+  |r|\eta^*\gamma\kebra{g}{e},\\
\rho^{{\rm out} \xi}_A&=& (1-p)|\eta|^2\kebra{e}{e}+p|\gamma|^2\kebra{g}{g}+ |r|\eta\gamma^*\kebra{e}{g}+ |r|\eta^*\gamma\kebra{g}{e}.\end{eqnarray*} The input-output fidelity is then given by \begin{equation}{\cal F}_{\textsc{tel}} = \sum_{j=\phi,\xi}\bra{\psi^{{\rm in}}_Q} {\rho}_A^{{\rm out} j} \ket{\psi^{{\rm in}}_Q} =|\eta|^4+|\gamma|^4+4|r| |\eta|^2|\gamma|^2.\end{equation} Averaging $\eta,\gamma$ over the Bloch spere, we obtain Eq.~(\ref{fidtelep}).

\begin{figure}[t]
\includegraphics[width=8.5cm]{payofftut.pdf}
\caption{(Color online). Payoffs for hybrid teleportation (a), and for hybrid remote state preparation with unitary corrections (b) and optimized with non-unitary corrections (c), plotted versus the correlations in the shared states, measured by negativity in panels (a),(c) and by square root of geometric discord in panel (b); see text for details on the boundary curves in (b).
The plotted quantities are dimensionless and correspond to  $|\beta|\rightarrow \infty$.}
\label{payoffighi}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Hybrid remote state preparation}\label{secRSP}
We now describe a different protocol, see Fig.~\ref{fische}(b) for reference.  Alice and Bob share again a state $\rho_{AB}$ of the form (\ref{states}). Without loss of generality, we can assume $r=|r|$ (this is true up to a local unitary on $A$). Alice (the preparer) wishes to remotely prepare \cite{originalrsp} Bob's oscillator in the target superposition state, known to Alice, \begin{equation}\ket{\psi_B^{\rm goal}} = (\ket{\beta}+{\rm e}^{-i \varphi}\ket{\!-\!\beta})/\sqrt{2(1+\cos\varphi{\rm e}^{-2 |\beta|^2})}\,,\end{equation} for some phase $\varphi$. For this purpose, Alice measures qubit $A$ in the basis $\ket{\pm_A}=(\ket{e} \pm {\rm e}^{i \varphi} \ket{g})/\sqrt2$ and classically communicates the one-bit outcome ``$\pm$'', obtained with probability $P_\pm$, to Bob. If Alice obtains ``+'', Bob does nothing, otherwise he applies a $\pi$-phase shift $\Phi_B$ to $B$, which ideally (for large $|\beta|$) maps $\ket{\beta}\rightarrow \ket{\beta}$ and $-\ket{\beta}\rightarrow-\ket{\!-\!\beta}$, and can be implemented in phase space via a combination of displacements and photon subtraction \cite{fiurasekexp}. The qumode $B$ after the correction can be in one of two possible unnormalized states, $\rho_B^{{\rm out} +}= \bra{+_A} \rho_{AB} \ket{+_A}$ and $\rho_B^{{\rm out} -}=\Phi_B\bra{-_A} \rho_{AB} \ket{-_A}\Phi_B^\dagger$.
The fidelity of the protocol, averaged over the distribution of the target state, is then \begin{equation}\bar{\cal F}_{\textsc{rsp}} = (2\pi)^{-1} \int {\rm d} \varphi \bra{\psi^{\rm goal}_B} (\rho_B^{{\rm out} +}+\rho_B^{{\rm out} -}) \ket{\psi^{\rm goal}_B}\,.\end{equation} Clearly the ideal resource for this protocol is obtained for $p=|r|=1/2$ and $\rho_B^0=\kebra{0}{0}$, where $\ket0$ is the ground state of the oscillator. A typical realistic deviation is given by the oscillator being initially in a mixed state. For simplicity, let us focus on $\rho_B^0$ being in general a Gaussian thermal state \cite{quantumoptics} $\rho_B^0=\sum_n s_n \ketbra{n}$, where $s_n =\bar{n}^n/(1+\bar{n})^{n+1}$, with $\bar{n}$ the mean number of thermal excitations. This choice allows us to compute the fidelity analytically (although different choices for $\rho_B^0$ give rise to qualitatively similar results as verifiable numerically), yielding
\begin{equation}\label{fidrsp}
\lim_{|\beta|\rightarrow \infty} \bar{\cal F}_{\textsc{rsp}} = \tfrac{\mu_B^0}{1+\mu_B^0}\big(1+2|r|\big)\,.
\end{equation}
In this case, the fidelity is limited by the initial purity of the oscillator, akin to the geometric discord in Eq.~(\ref{dg}). For remote state preparation, the classical threshold corresponds to Bob preparing a completely random guess (unnormalized) state \cite{originalrsp,dakicrsp} $\rho_B^{\rm cl}=(\kebra{\beta}{\beta}+\kebra{\!-\!\beta}{\!-\!\beta})/2$, yielding \begin{equation}{\cal F}_{\textsc{rsp}}^{\rm cl} = (2\pi)^{-1} \int {\rm d} \varphi \bra{\psi^{\rm goal}_B} \rho_B^{\rm cl} \ket{\psi^{\rm goal}_B} \underset{|\beta|\rightarrow \infty}{\longrightarrow} \frac12\,.\end{equation} Defining again the {\it payoff} as \begin{equation}{\cal P}_{\textsc{rsp}} = (1-{\cal F}^{\rm cl}_{\textsc{rsp}})^{-1}\max\{0, \bar{{\cal F}}_{\textsc{rsp}} - {\cal F}^{\rm cl}_{\textsc{rsp}}\}\end{equation}, we then find in the limit of large displacements
\begin{equation}\label{payoffrsp}
\hbox{$L[{\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB})]$}
\leq {\cal P}_{\textsc{rsp}}\! =\! \max\left\{0,\,\hbox{$\frac{\mu_B^0(1+4|r|)-1}{1+\mu_B^0}$}\right\} \leq\! \hbox{$\sqrt{\!{\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB})}$}\,.
\end{equation}
For a given ${\cal D}_G(\rho_{AB})$, the payoff in the performance of remote state preparation can never exceed $\sqrt{{\cal D}_G}$ [which is reached for $\mu_B^0=1$, solid line in Fig.~\ref{payoffighi}(b)], and admits a lower bound as well,  $L[{\cal D}_G] =\max\{0,\,(3{\cal D}_G-1)/(1+{\cal D}_G)\}$ [dashed curve in Fig.~\ref{payoffighi}(b)]. The latter is tight for $p=|r|=1/2$, when the shared states are {\it maximally entangled}, yet the remote state preparation succeeds with null or limited payoff.
A nonzero payoff implies necessarily a nonzero ${\cal D}_G$. Thus, despite its clear shortcomings \cite{pianicomment}, the geometric discord might still seem to capture the operative performance of qubit-to-oscillator remote state preparation, in analogy with the case of two-qubit resources \cite{dakicrsp}.

A remark is in order. In the previously described hybrid teleportation (Sec.~\ref{secTele}), Bob can optimize his measurement strategy to compensate for the initial mixedness of the oscillator, which therefore does not affect the achievable fidelity. In contrast, in remote state preparation the measurement of Alice's qubit necessarily leaves Bob's oscillator in a mixed state, if its
initial state $\rho^0_B$ was mixed. As the protocol aims at preparing a pure state, it is no surprise that the resource mixedness enters in, and degrades, the figure of merit.
We can address this limitation by extending the conventional remote state preparation primitive \cite{originalrsp}, to allow Bob to perform general completely positive maps rather than just unitary corrections, aiming to improve the fidelity with the goal state \cite{fiuracoso}. In our hybrid case, we observe that if Bob performs the operation which `digitalizes' the resource state as discussed above, then the mixedness of the oscillator is effectively bypassed and we obtain a payoff ${\cal P}^{\rm opt}_{\textsc{rsp}}=2|r|$, equal to the hybrid teleportation payoff and coinciding with the negativity of $\rho_{AB}$ [see Fig.~\ref{payoffighi}(c)]. We now present details of the procedure.

We start with the usual resource state $\rho_{AB}$ given by Eq.~(\ref{states}).
Alice wants to prepare remotely a state of the form $\ket{\psi_B^{\rm goal}}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}(\ket{\tilde e}+{\rm e}^{-i\varphi}\ket{\tilde{g}})$, where $\ket{\tilde e}$ and $\ket{\tilde g}$ are two orthogonal states in Bob's Hilbert space. Alice first rotates her basis such that $r\to|r|$, then performs a projective measurement on her part of the system, using the basis $\ket{\!\pm\!\varphi}=\tfrac{1}{\sqrt2}(\ket e\pm{\rm e}^{-i\varphi}\ket g)$. The reduced density matrix of Bob after the measurement (up to a normalization constant) is given by
\begin{align}
\bra{\pm\varphi}\rho_{AB}\ket{\!\pm\!\varphi}&=pD(\beta)\rho_B^0 D^\dagger(\beta)+(1-p)D^\dagger(\beta)\rho_B^0 D(\beta)+\nonumber\\
&\pm |r|{\rm e}^{i\varphi} D(\beta)\rho_B^0 D(\beta)\pm |r|{\rm e}^{-i\varphi} D^\dagger(\beta)\rho_B^0 D^\dagger(\beta).
\end{align}
In the limit of large displacements, Bob can perform the following local (non-unitary) operation, with probability approaching unity (Note: it is the same `digitalizing' operation detailed in Appendix~\ref{secdigapp}):
\begin{align}
D(\beta)\rho_B^0 D^\dagger(\beta)&\to\kebra{\tilde e}{\tilde e},\nonumber\\
D^\dagger(\beta)\rho_B^0 D(\beta)&\to\kebra{\tilde g}{\tilde g},\label{dito}\\
D(\beta)\rho_B^0 D(\beta)&\to\kebra{\tilde e}{\tilde g}.\nonumber
\end{align}
The state of Bob's mode then becomes
\begin{equation}
\rho_B'=p\kebra{\tilde e}{\tilde e}+(1-p)\kebra{\tilde g}{\tilde g}\pm|r|{\rm e}^{-i\varphi}\kebra{\tilde e}{\tilde g}\pm|r|{\rm e}^{i\varphi}\kebra{\tilde g}{\tilde e},
\end{equation}
which is now properly normalized. Finally, Bob can remove the $\pm$ signs with a further local unitary correction, obtaining eventually the state
\begin{equation}
\rho_B''=p\kebra{\tilde e}{\tilde e}+(1-p)\kebra{\tilde g}{\tilde g}+|r|{\rm e}^{-i\varphi}\kebra{\tilde e}{\tilde g}+|r|{\rm e}^{i\varphi}\kebra{\tilde g}{\tilde e}.
\end{equation}
The fidelity between this output state and the target state is
\begin{equation}
{\cal F}^{\rm opt}_{\textsc{rsp}}=\bra{\psi_B^{\rm goal}}\rho_B''\ket{\psi_B^{\rm goal}}=\frac{1}{2}+|r|,
\end{equation}
which does not depend on the angle and is hence equal to the average fidelity $\bar{{\cal F}}^{\rm opt}_{\textsc{rsp}}$. Recalling that for remote state preparation ${\cal F}^{\rm cl}_{\textsc{rsp}} \rightarrow \frac12$, we finally recover that the payoff, for the optimized scheme incorporating a non-unitary local correction on Bob's side, becomes ${\cal P}^{\rm opt}_{\textsc{rsp}} = 2 |r|$ in the limit of large displacements, as anticipated above.

This suggests that the link between remote state preparation and measures of discord, highlighted for two-qubit systems \cite{chaves,dakicrsp}, might be due to a non-optimized version of the protocol used. In the case of the qubit-oscillator resources described here, such limitation may be relevant where the `digitalizing' operation of Eq.~\eqref{dito} is experimentally challenging to realize, so that one is constrained to unitary corrections only. However, the resulting connection between geometric discord and protocol performance would be solely due to technological limitations, and not to fundamental quantum-mechanical principles. In fact, we showed how properly accounting for an extra freedom to correct for the resource mixedness allows the protocol to reach a performance only dependent on the amount of shared entanglement.

It will be interesting to test how this result is modified once additional decoherence sources in the implementation of the hybrid protocols are considered, to see whether the link with entanglement will persist also for remote state preparation, or some form of discord would emerge as essential operational ingredient.

\section{Concluding remarks}\label{secconcl}
We conclude that, broadly speaking, various indicators of ``quantumness'' in composite systems \cite{entanglementreview,review} can be justified by operational interpretations related to their role in different tasks. To wit, entanglement is a resource for teleportation \cite{telep,telebenchmark} and superdense coding \cite{densecoding} (among all), geometric discord is such for a non-globally-optimized remote state preparation scheme \cite{dakicrsp} (as shown here), entropic discord is interpreted through quantum state merging \cite{operdiscord}, and relative entropy of discord \cite{req,onewaydeficit} is the cost of entanglement distribution via separable states \cite{stronzof}. The list is likely to grow in the future, although care is needed to ensure it does not derails away from physical grounds.

On the practical side, we demonstrated that robust quantum correlations in the form of entropic discord and entanglement can be engineered in coupled qubit-oscillator systems no matter the temperature of the oscillator, provided the interaction generates enough displacement. This indicates that, e.g.~in systems of nano/optomechanical oscillators \cite{vitali} coupled to a two-level probe, there is no need to cool the oscillator down to its ground state, in order for quantum communication to be achieved efficiently. Although this may require generalized (non-unitary) operations that can be challenging to realize with current technology, the question of implementing those operations in a realistic experimental setup can be a source of further interesting research outside the scopes of this paper. This may in the future relax the need for ground state cooling in favor of generalized operations. In fact, while ground state cooling has attracted experimental efforts for a long time, and is hence well developed, our findings support the view that the experimental realization of generalized quantum operations, a comparatively young subject, also may deserve consideration and could have a substantial practical impact for the realistic implementation of quantum technologies.

\acknowledgments{We thank C. Brukner, E. Chitambar, B. Daki\'c, A. Ferraro, B. Garraway, S. Gharibian, V. Giovannetti, T. Nakano, M. G. A. Paris, M. Piani, S. Ragy, V. Vedral and especially M. S. Kim for fruitful discussions. We thank an anonymous referee for having suggested how to improve the remote state preparation protocol. We acknowledge financial support from the Royal Society, the Wolfson Foundation, the University of Nottingham (ECRKTA/2011), the U.K. EPSRC (Grant RDF/BtG/0612b/31), the Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 4-554-1-084).}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


Hey lads! Our Overwatch boosting team finally got an official confirmation from Blizzard on the Overwatch Season 1 end date and the Overwatch Season 1 rewards. Now we found out that there's a great reason to purchase a 65+ Skill Rating boost.
Season 1 will officially be completed on Wednesday, August 17 at 5:00 p.m. PT. If you do not live in that time zone, use this website to convert to your time zone, and see when Season 1 will end in your region.
– For only completing placement matches, you will get a basic Spray and a Player Icon.
– For entering Top 500 at ANY point in the Season on your platform and region, and even if you dropped out of it, you will get a Top 500 Icon and Animated Spray. You can get the current SR required for Top 500 on our Overwatch boosting page.
You can use those CP's to buy Golden Weapon skins.
Stay tuned, we'll inform you about the Overwatch Season 2 start date as soon as we know more. There's a 2 week offseason period after Season 1 ends. So we're expecting Season 2 to start early September. Until then, take a peak at our Overwatch Tier List and see what to play in order to maximize win rates.


Cool Maker Sew n' Style Sewing Machine Review - Crafty, Cute and Fun!
Cool Maker's Sew N' Style sewing machine is a highly rated sewing machine for kids that comes with a pom pom maker attachment. You won't find a professional seamstress using this sewing machine, but you will find that it's a great fit for younger kids.
When it comes to basic sewing needs, the Cool Maker is easy to use and has features that will encourage kids to begin sewing.
When you try to pull a kid away from their electronics, it can be difficult to get them to look away for even five minutes. But Cool Maker offers accessories, fabrics and patterns to help kids get started and make sewing more fun.
The fabrics are durable, and they're sparkly to catch the eye of kids and entice them to sew.
Patterns are also included, along with other accessories, that will allow the user to start creating five, fun projects.
Amazing creations await with the Sew n' Style, and it's up to the child to come up with creative, imaginative designs. This hands-on sewing set doesn't come with complicated needles to thread or settings that confuse users.
Sets are made by real designers, so all of the projects are fun and exciting.
Easy to use and safe, the Cool Maker's Sew N' Style knows that kids can quickly become injured with a traditional sewing machine. This model comes with a protective needle guard that surrounds the entire top of the machine.
A protective guard is in place to ensure that little hands do not make their way into the path of the needle.
A common safety hazard, traditional sewing machines have been known to have needles go straight through a child's hand or finger – ouch. The kid-friendly needle allows parents to have peace of mind in knowing that their child will not become injured by a sharp needle.
Kids also benefit from this added safety feature because they're allowed to feel a sense of freedom when sewing. Parents don't need to hover over their child when they know that the machine will not cause injury.
It's offers a sense of creative freedom that will allow you child to use their imagination when sewing.
Looping thread is also easy thanks to the string guide. The string guide allows for easy thread looping, and there's even a seam guide. When it comes to low lighting in a room, the machine has a light that will illuminate the child's workspace.
Independent and creative play awaits all users.
There's also ample storage for all of the included accessories. You'll find that the storage drawer is large enough to hold smaller accessories for quick use.
When designs are plain or a kid wants to jazz up their projects, they can do so with the pom pom maker attachment. The attachment is on the side of the machine, and it allows users to attach colorful pom poms right to any design.
The pom pom maker is a great addition to the sparkly fabric.
If kids want to create a glitter pouch, they can do so with the included material and playbook. The glitter pouch is a great way to get started with sewing and helps kids complete a useful project that they can start using immediately.
The string that you'll be buying is actually yarn, and you can purchase this yarn at any craft store.
Thicker string does have the downside of not being as "tight" as regular sewing thread. What this means is that it's easy to pull the fabrics apart if you try, but under normal use, it's perfectly fine.
Fabric kits are also sold online if you want to purchase the same fabrics that came with the machine again.
What's really nice is that all of the projects that are included can all be completed in a few hours.
It's a great starter kit, and it's one that will be able to continue being used for years. But there are also downsides to this sewing machine.
A minor issue is that the yarn or felt, which is much thicker than traditional sewing thread, will not be as strong as regular thread. This means that the end project isn't as strong as a regular sewing project.
So, the projects that are made won't last too long.
You won't want to make these projects as gifts because they will fall apart over time.
The Cool Maker's Sew N' Style is the right choice for younger kids that want to create basic projects. It's a good introduction into sewing and offers a safe alternative to a complete sewing machine.
You can also choose most types of fabrics to use with your projects. If you have an older child that is ready to start sewing for real, you may want to check out our page of beginner sewing machine recommendations here.
Click here to view pricing and availability of the Cool Maker's Sew N' Style.


If you need to accomplish maintenance tasks for your Mercedes Benz 280 E then it is usually a great idea to own a Workshop Manual to keep just for personal reference if perhaps you want to know proven methods to remove a specific part for example, the Gearbox and fit it again correctly.
Mercedes Benz 280 E Workshop Manuals can offer you certain diagnostic guides with regards to your car therefore if something is playing up it can help you determine what the issue is and the best way to repair it. Then you are able to decide if you can do this yourself or in case the job is simply too big you could book your 280 E in with a suitable friendly mechanic.


text:
The Brink showcases Recovery Street Film Festival as part of Recovery Month
The Brink is set to showcase an annual film festival based around the subject of recovery in line with Recovery Month
As part of the Recovery Street Film Festival, budding filmmakers from the recovery community have been invited to send in their short films, and on Thursday, September 15, the Parr Street venue will showcase a selection of the finalist's work.
In addition to the event, The Brink is also highlighting the importance of Recovery Month, which runs throughout September and aims to increase awareness and understanding of mental and substance use disorders.
General Manager of The Brink Carl Bell said: "Here at The Brink, our focus is on recovery and we are therefore thrilled to showcase the fantastic work as part of this year's Recovery Street Film Festival.
"Each film is the work of aspiring film makers who have experienced recovery from drug or alcohol addiction, whether it is themselves or somebody close to them, and the films demonstrate the diverse issues that are faced by those suffering with addiction. It's a fantastic opportunity to inspire both the recovery community and the general public alike, while educating viewers on the devastating effects of addiction."
As Action on Addiction's flagship venue, the revolutionary social initiative is leading the way in promoting awareness by combining fresh healthy food and entertainment, whilst acting as a haven for those affected by alcoholism and addiction.
The Recovery Street Film Festival, which is in its third year, is open to anyone with a lived experience of addiction, whether directly or through a loved one, and who has a story to tell about addiction and subsequently recovery.
Carl added: "It's also very fitting to host the Recovery Street Film Festival during Recovery Month, which aims to educate the public on how addiction treatment and mental health services can enable those suffering from substance abuse to live a rewarding and healthy life."
The Brink will showcase the Recovery Street Film Festival on Thursday, September 15 between 2pm and 4pm.
For more information call 0151 703 0582 or visit www.thebrinkliverpool.com
For more information about the Recovery Street Film Festival visit www.recoverystreetfilmfestival.co.uk

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The original Lemonade Diet or Master Cleanse was developed over 60 years ago. It is a mixture of fresh squeezed lemons, cayenne pepper, maple syrup and distilled water. People on the Master Cleanse can only drink this formula. They are not allowed to eat any food and must fast during the entire cleanse. We took the original ingredients and put them into a revolutionary new pill; and with the meal plan and exercise program you are able to eat and lose weight.
The Lemonade Weight Loss Diet Supplement allows you to enjoy all the benefits of the celebrity cleanse diet. These benefits included helping to speed up weight loss and cleansing the body of harmful toxins. The weight loss and cleansing benefits of this diet can lead to improved health and enhanced well-being. All that from one simple supplement.
The Lemonade Diet claims that its fasting technique rids the body of toxins that are induced by bad diet, lack of exercise and "negative mental attitudes." But where does the lemonade come into play? Well, that's all your going to ingest for 7-10 days. The magic elixir, purported to have been used by celebrities like Beyonce, Denzel Washington and Robin Quivers (of the Howard Stern Show) has grown in popularity, evidenced by the user video diaries that can be found on sites like YouTube.
In addition to weight loss, one other important thing you should expect is enhanced elimination. Furthermore, you should be aware that as our bodies detoxify, it is common to experience "detoxification symptoms". These symptoms may include temporary gastrointestinal upset, gas, headache and a general sick feeling. If you experience any or all of these symptoms don't be alarmed. It is just the normal process associated with your body's ridding itself of toxins, and it is only temporary—generally you'll feel better after a few days.


text:
- Sci-Fi Writer / Author -
KL Forslund
Alex Rune: Technomage
Dino-Pirates of the Wreckless Abandon
Author Platform Series
The Steampunk Gentleman
Elder Scrolls Date Calculator
Scene & Sequel Builder v1
I write words. Some of them are good.
TrueStory
Dino-Pirates
Technomage
NI2: That's Not Ominous At All
Sora stood in the cave entrance with her ancient grandfather and retinue of robot ninja. Lightning lit up the walls and the wind blew rain in. The rain drenched her, making her shiver, but it was time to finish this.
The old man looked at her and said, "It is time, to finish this."
Sora nodded. He had a tendency to state the obvious. He was old.
She took his arm and guided him deeper into the cave. There was a sleek black obelisk in the center of the chamber they entered. The old man hobbled to it, placing his hand on the surface.
He spoke to it, "I am Shiro, master of the Robot Ninjas."
Sora placed her hand on the obelisk, stating, "I am Sora."
The old man spoke again, "Transfer command functions to Sora."
The robot ninjas behind them spoke in unison, "Command Acknowledged." Sora grew up around these protectors, and only now as their LED eyes changed to blue, did she notice they had been green all this time.
The old man removed his hand from the obelisk and said, "Well, that's it, Sora. I know we tell people there's a huge ritual and all, but you are now in charge of the defense of this island."
"You honor me, grandfather. I will defend our island with my life."
"Don't take it so serious. We haven't needed defending since before my time. It's a ceremonial job. Try not to play pranks with the ninjas."
"Hai!", she bowed, "I will not let you down."
"I planned to head to the retirement village after the transfer, but I didn't foresee this storm. Let us camp here for the night and we can return home in the morning."
"Hai, Grandfather. Would you like an escort tomorrow?"
"No, I'll be fine. Nothing ever happens on Ninja Island."
Sora dreamt of fire and destruction and the chance to show her worth to her people. It might have been a good dream. Or not.
Morning came as a bright new day full of promise. Sora bid her grandfather well on his walk to the retirement village to the north. She sent a few ninjas with him to keep him safe. Then she took the path heading south with the rest of the ninjas. They walked making no sound through the jungle, as was their way, but Ninja 42 tried to strike up a conversation in super secret ninja hand signals.
"Do you think the old master will be happy at Retirement Village"
Sora replied from her perch on a tree branch, "Of course he will, they have pina coladas with the little umbrellas."
She leaped to another tree, while 42 kept nattering from the ground, "Who will tuck him in at bedtime?"
Sora rolled her eyes and swung from a vine to cross the wide chasm. "He was the master of the Ninja Robot Guard, he doesn't need tucking in," her hands snapping in rapid signal.
She missed 42's response as she landed on the ledge and looked out from her high perch.
She saw a plume of black smoke in the distance.
"Hurry," she signed, "the people need us!"
Sora pulled her face mask up, hiding her identity, and the team of ninjas following her raced after her in silence, leaping tree to tree. They arrived just in time to see a strange scaled creatures dragging sacks toward the beach, to a waiting row boat.
"Stop them!" Sora cried, and the ninjas sprang into action, leaping rooftop to rooftop as it was the most expedient way to travel without villagers getting in the way. Three archer ninjas halted and launched arrows, while the others advanced. One struck the largest of the marauders wearing a strange hat and coat in the rear as he bent over to pick up something.
He roared. The sound was unlike anything Sora had ever heard. She imagined a cement block dragged across concrete and mixed with a lion's roar while being over-driven through a strong bass speaker in a Hollywood sound studio. She didn't know what a Hollywood sound studio was, but based on the horrifying noise, she never wanted to find out.
The behemoth stood up and ripped the arrow out. He turned back to glare at the village as shuriken flew past, striking crew but not slowing them down. When the rest of his raiders were in the boat, he turned and pushed it off into the surf and it rowed away, to the sailing ship waiting for it in the sea.
The ninjas stopped pursuit, there was no point. They could not enter the sea. Sora caught up to them, watching her new enemy row away. Then she turned back to see her burning village and the villagers racing to save the remains.
Click here for the next chapter
Find more at https://www.klforslund.com/dino-pirates
I've only got one eye, but I saw too much. Rain dragged me out to the mall so she could get new clothes for work. She said I needed to get out more and acclimate. Every baby screech or dropped package
Two Minutes to Midnight
Red Wedding
I'd never been to a wedding, so I wasn't sure if a goat attack was part of the ceremony. Back when Rain and I married, we drove to a Justice of the Peace, brought Renga and his old girlfriend, said an
© 2022 by KL Forslund
contact@klforslund.com


The Sunita Food Products (SFP) is a promising name in mouth refreshing and seasoning products industry. We manufacture, distribute and export products as per clients' specifications. SFP markets its wide variety of blends under the name Gulmohar® and also offers custom client packaging. We always stand behind our product for its quality and commitment.
The range of our products span from seasoning, sugar, meal kits, cutlery, wet tissues, toothpicks pouches to a multitude of mouth fresheners. They are ideal for your hotel front desk, restaurant tables, coffee shops, or any business in the hospitality industry.


text:
Pafos (llatí Paphus, grec Πάφος) és una ciutat del sud-oest de Xipre. Antigament hi van haver dues ciutats amb aquest nom, conegudes com a Vella Pafos i Nova Pafos. La ciutat moderna correspon a la Nova Pafos i és coneguda simplement com a Pafos.

Pafos ha estat escollida com a Capital Europea de la Cultura per a l'any 2017.

Història
D'origen fenici, encara que la regió estava habitada des del Neolític, en l'època grega es considerava que era el lloc de naixement de la deessa Afrodita, sent per això un important lloc del seu culte, així com d'altres deïtats pre-hel·lèniques de la fertilitat. Des del segle XII aC existia un temple micènic dedicat a la deessa.

Existia la tradició que Pafos havia estat fundat per Agapènor, d'Arcàdia, en tornar de la guerra de Troia, que hauria construït també el santuari d'Afrodita; no obstant això una altra tradició atribuïa la seva fundació a Cínires. També existia un personatge mitològic anomenat Pafos, que en una versió era una dona filla de Galatea i de Pigmalió i en una altra era un home, fill de Cèfal i Eos. En ambdues versions era ascendent -pare o mare- de Cinires. La tradició d'una fundació pels arcadis és consistent amb el fet que a Xipre es parlava el dialecte arcadoxipriota, que el seu terminus ante quem se situa entorn dels anys 1050-950 aC. i amb la notícia donada per Pausànies de l'existència en Tegea, una ciutat arcàdia, d'un temple d'Afrodita Pafia.

Les primeres referències escrites de Pafos són de l'època del rei d'Assíria Assarhaddon, al 672aC Va ser una de les ciutats de Xipre que va participar en la Revolta Jònica de l'any 498aC, per la qual cosa va ser assetjada i presa pels perses. L'any 480aC Pafos va enviar dotze naus sota el comandament de Pentil que van lluitar del costat dels perses però onze d'elles van ser destruïdes en un temporal prop de Sepíade i la restant va ser capturada pels grecs.

A l'Antiguitat es distingia Palepafos (l'antiga Pafos) d'una Pafos posterior a la qual se sol anomenar Nea Pafos. Sol suposar-se que el fundador de Nea Pafos va ser el rei Nicocles a finals del , encara que també s'ha suggerit que Nea Pafos ja podria haver existit en l'època clàssica i Nicocles solament l'hauria ampliat. Des de llavors Palepafos va seguir existint com a centre religiós i Nea Pafos era el centre urbà, administratiu i comercial. Des de finals del  es va convertir en capital de l'illa, la qual cosa es va mantenir en l'època romana, fins a l'època de Constantí.

Estrabó indica que Palepafos es trobava a seixanta estadis de Pafos i se celebrava una processó anual que recorria la distància entre tots dos llocs.

Aquesta ciutat és esmentada en els Fets dels Apòstols, com un dels llocs de Xipre on va estar Sant Pau predicant. Des d'allí, es va embarcar rumb a Perge.

Sèneca diu que Pafos fou destruïda per un terratrèmol però no és clar quina de les dues ciutats (o les dues) fou destruïda, si bé possiblement es refereix a la Nova Pafos. Dió Cassi diu que fou restaurada per August i llavors es va dir Augusta en honor seu, però aquest nom es va perdre aviat per recuperar l'antic. Queden encara considerables ruïnes de la ciutat, incloent tres temples.

A l'edat mitjana va ser seu d'un arquebisbat.

Troballes arqueològiques
L'actual ciutat de Pafos, juntament amb Palepafo, a l'actual ciutat de Kouklia, han estat declarades Patrimoni de la Humanitat per la Unesco en 1980 a causa del valor excepcional, tant històric com a arquitectònic, de les restes de viles, palaus, teatres, fortaleses i tombes.

Entre les troballes de Pafos i Palepafo es pot destacar:
 El santuari d'Afrodita;
una necròpoli del segle XIaC;
les anomenades «Tombes dels reis», un conjunt monumental de diverses tombes decorades amb columnes datades al , on es van enterrar alts funcionaris locals;
el santuari d'Apol·lo Hylates, que s'ha datat a finalitats del ;
el teatre, datat al segle IIIaC, amb una capacitat d'uns 7500-8000 espectadors;
l'Asclepeion
nombroses inscripcions en sil·labari xipriota, datades entre el  i el , encara que des del  l'únic testimoniatge de l'ús del sil·labari són uns segells datats després de l'any 150aC;
inscripcions en idiomes fenici, grec, i llatí;
un odèon;
 catacumbes;
diversos mosaics del , de gran qualitat;
sinagogues jueves;
banys de l'època romana d'Orient i Edat Mitjana.

A més, a través de testimoniatges com les inscripcions i la troballa d'escultures es pot testificar el culte a Artemisa, Dionís, Hera, Leto, Eros, Hèracles, i reis i reines històrics. Alguns d'aquests cultes estaven fusionats amb el culte a divinitats locals.

El santuari d'Afrodita
Segons relata Heròdot, el culte a Afrodita a Xipre va tenir el seu origen en el culte que se li rendia a Ascaló, a Fenícia. Les restes més antigues del primitiu santuari són micènics i es remunten al . Aquest primer temple va ser destruït i un segon temple va ser erigit al costat del primer. A la deessa adorada a Pafos se li aplica freqüentment el qualificatiu de Anassa (reina). El culte a Afrodita probablement es va fusionar amb el culte a Astarté en una època primerenca encara que el nom d'Astarté no apareix documentat en inscripcions fins al segle IV-III aC. Probablement en el santuari d'Afrodita les dones practicaven una espècie de prostitució ritual. Tàcit explica que el temple d'Afrodita de Pafos va ser visitat per l'emperador Tit Flavi Sabí Vespasià l'any 69 i assenyala que la deessa no era representada com una figura humana sinó per una pedra de forma piramidal. Després d'un terratrèmol ocorregut cap al 76-77, el santuari va ser novament reconstruït. El culte a Afrodita a Pafos va romandre fins al .

Referències

Enllaços externs

 Pàgina de la Unesco sobre Pafos
 Pàgina oficial de Pafos (en grec)
 Visit Paphos – Web per turisme a Pafos
 Vistes panoràmiques de Pafos

Ciutats de Xipre
Patrimoni de la Humanitat a Europa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


TalkTools | Annabelle 15 Months: Christmas Update!
15 Months: Annabelle's Christmas Update!
Annabelle has seen incredible improvement over the past couple of months. Since her last update, Annabelle is continuing to eat table foods and drink from her Straw Cup using the Straw #2 in the Straw Hierarchy. As many of you know, her progress and work with the Straw Hierarchy is right on track. Using the hierarchy appropriately will teach her proper tongue retraction, controlled tongue movement, and grading. Watch the clip below to see her in action.
This next (adorable) clip shows Belle's impressive work with thicker, tougher foods. In the video, you can see that she is using proper bolus control to keep the food in between her teeth, while also keeping an upright posture and chewing with her mouth closed. Chewing solid table foods at this stage shows her therapy efforts with TalkTools have increased her muscle strength and control.
You might have to turn up your speakers to hear everything in the next clip, but it is an excellent example of Bell's drinking progress with the hierarchy discussed above.
With every new post we see amazing work from Annabelle and her Mother. We are nothing but proud of her accomplishments and can't wait for her next update.


A long, long time ago in 2006, Nasty Gal was founded on the idea of bringing cool vintage pieces to the masses. While it's since grown into a full e-comm site with a NY Times best selling author at its helm, it's proven once again that when it comes to vintage, Nasty Gal can still get it done. A 30-piece collection of Chanel and Vuitton pieces from the 1980s to 2000s just hit the site and they are the kind of pieces that make you want to put on your fashion collector's hat. Think: sought-after Sprouse, Kusama, and Murakami LV collaboration pieces, a Chanel sheer top with trompe l'oeil bikini, waist bags and CC logo perfume bottle necklaces. Prices range from $350 - $3,450, but can you really put a price on vintage Chanel charm belt?


Molecular biology of the cell (4th ed.). doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.06.033. Recently, Moolenaar et al, renamed the YdjQ protein as Cho (after UvrC homolog) and examined its enzymatic activity 30. It is an error-prone repair system that is attributed to mutagenesis.
Molecular Biology of the Gene. Replication may also be blocked or the cell may die. The 27 kDa LexA and the 36 kDa RecA proteins were previously known as recombination proteins operating in the sexual life and genetic exchange of bacteria 10. doi:10.3389/fgene.2013.00048.
They noted that protein transcripts from many genes unregulated by LexA were reduced after UV-irradiation, and concluded that these transcripts were probably either damaged or degraded by UV. In contrast, DNA damages in infrequently dividing cells are likely a prominent cause of aging. DNA repair mechanisms Single-strand and double-strand DNA damage Cells cannot function if DNA damage corrupts the The vast majority of DNA damage affects the primary structure of the double helix; that is, the bases themselves are chemically modified. doi:10.1074/jbc.M503776200.
Some of the premutagenic lesions require mutagenic DNA polymerases to lead to mutations, while others do not. Biol. Retrieved 7 October 2015. ^ Roulston A, Marcellus RC, Branton PE (1999). "Viruses and apoptosis". doi:10.1093/embo-reports/kvf037.
Both the number and the pattern of mismatches may be key for the specificity the LexA protein binding to each individual SOS box. A large amount of damage to a cell leaves it with an important decision: undergo apoptosis and die, or survive at the cost of living with a modified genome. Biochemistry 7th edition. J Biol Chem. 1981;256(15):8039–8044. [PubMed]7.
The degree of color development is an indirect measure of the beta-galactosidase produced, which itself is directly related to the amount of DNA damage. In a population of cells, mutant cells will increase or decrease in frequency according to the effects of the mutation on the ability of the cell to survive and reproduce. Clark Chen (Ed.), ISBN 978-953-51-1114-6, InTech. ^ Narayanan L, Fritzell JA, Baker SM, Liskay RM, Glazer PM (April 1997). "Elevated levels of mutation in multiple tissues of mice deficient in the J Mol Biol. 1999;288(3):391–401. [PubMed]16.
p.840. RNA was extracted from three isogenic strains that differed in lexA gene: RW118 (lexA+), RW434 (lexA[Ind-]), and RW542 (lexA51[Def]). Characteristics of Some SOS-Induced GenesThe SOS- response genes are found scattered throughout the E. Schlacher K, Pham P, Cox MM, Goodman MF.
Isolation and characterization of recombination-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli K12. Such alterations are thought to occur early in progression to cancer and to be a likely cause of the genetic instability characteristic of cancers. Reduced expression of DNA repair genes causes PMID23565119. ^ Zahradka K, Slade D, Bailone A, et al. (October 2006). "Reassembly of shattered chromosomes in Deinococcus radiodurans". Ionizing radiation such as that created by radioactive decay or in cosmic rays causes breaks in DNA strands.
Without access to a template, cells use an error-prone recovery mechanism known as translesion synthesis as a last resort. World Scientific. DNA-damaging agents stimulate gene expression at specific loci in Escherichia coli. PMID11425512. ^ a b c Friedberg EC, Walker GC, Siede W, Wood RD, Schultz RA, Ellenberger T. (2006).
SOS-induced cells are as follows: 20:250 for UvrA; 250:1000 for UvrB; 40:300 for DNA Pol II, and 250:2500 for DNA Pol IV (11, 34). It's a sort of insta-evolution for times of stress.As well as trying to repair damaged DNA, the SOS response is involved in a number of other exciting responses to cell damage. PMID16107138. ^ Quillardet, Hofnung (1993). "The SOS Chromotest: A Review". New York: W.H.
Nature. 410 (6825): 227–30. PMID16000023. ^ Radman, M (1975). "Phenomenology of an inducible mutagenic DNA repair pathway in Escherichia coli: SOS repair pichulein hypothesis". This probably protects DNA against destruction, and is required for every aspect of RecA activity. PLoS Biology. 3 (6): e176.
Mutat. Retrieved 2012-08-14. ^ Wang, Z (2001). "Translesion synthesis by the UmuC family of DNA polymerases". Further work along this line confirmed and developed this hypothesis. However, many are extremely efficient at inserting correct bases opposite specific types of damage.
GouldA biochemist with a love of microbiology, the Lab Rat enjoys exploring, reading about and writing about bacteria. It can also cause to the cells to form biofilms, and in some bacteria it turns on the production of antibiotic resistance genes.In view of this some interesting work has been coli B cells in response to UV irradiation, suggesting a relation between the arrest of cell division, the mechanisms of λ prophage induction and UV-induced mutation. 7. Function of nucleoside triphosphate and polynucleotide in Escherichia coli recA protein-directed cleavage of phage lambda repressor.
Friedman N, Vardi S, Ronen S, Alin M, Stavans J. PMC1174825. OpenAthens login Login via your institution Other institution login doi:10.1016/0378-1097(77)90029-5 Get rights and content First page preview Open this preview in PDF Click to open first page preview Open this preview These epigenetic defects occurred in various cancers (e.g.


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Candidates must be employed by our supplier or must be payrolled by us during the project.


When an iconic Italian design company like Pininfarina and F1 racing legend and Indy 500 champion of the caliber of Emerson Fittipaldi, decide to develop together a supercar, the result can only be dramatic.
It was at the Geneva Motor Show that the Fittipaldi EF7 Vision Gran Turismo has been unveiled to the public for the first time. This is the first car released under the new brand Fittipaldi Motors. This company is focused on creating and engineering Supercars utilizing advanced lightweight technologies, racing technologies, efficient powertrain structures, enhanced safety, autonomous vehicle intelligence, and most important owner satisfaction.
To turn this dream into a special and unique supercar, Emerson Fittipaldi started from explaining to Pininfarina's team what it truly feels like to be behind the steering wheel of a championship racecar. There is adrenaline and elation all rolled into an awe-inspiring inner fulfillment that leaves you craving for more. That was the principal motivation to create the EF7 Vision Gran Turismo by Pininfarina.
The supercar reveals a sleek design, beautiful and pure and above all an impressive power-to-weight ratio thanks, among other things, to the use of carbon fiber. The carbon fiber monocoque is a specially designed safety capsule for both driver and passenger, enabling drivers to feel comfortable in the car, even while at its limits.
But beyond an aggressive style, the Fittipaldi intends to demonstrate its sportiness through its performances and for that it can count on a powerful V8, an integrated gearbox, a suspension and braking system developed by the German HWA AG. Presenting a condensation of racing technology, it also boasts a very low center of gravity.
The customers who can afford a car of this limited production, can benefit from personal coaching by Emerson Fittipaldi himself and will have the possibility to personalize both car interior and exterior.


text:
The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide
B. Sulijaya, N. Takahashi, M. Yamada, M. Yokoji, K. Sato, Y. Aoki-Nonaka, T. Nakajima, S. Kishino, J. Ogawa, K. Yamazaki
Background: There is rapidly developing interest into the role of several anti-inflammatory agents to resolve inflammation in periodontal disease. A bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC), is known to have various beneficial physiological effects; however, the effect of KetoC on inflammation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and explored the intracellular mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without KetoC, and then stimulated with or without P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific antagonists for G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 were used to clarify the receptor for KetoC. The intracellular mechanism was investigated using western blotting analysis to separate nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 protein. Result: KetoC (5 μmol/L) was not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA and protein, and IL-1β mRNA. No protein production of IL-1β was observed. Additionally, when bound to GPR120, KetoC trended to downregulate nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels. However, the antagonist for GPR40 failed to diminish the action of KetoC. Conclusion: KetoC suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β via NF-κB p65, by binding to its receptor GPR120. KetoC is a promising candidate in future studies as a bioactive anti-inflammatory agent in treating periodontal disease.
Journal of Periodontal Research
https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12564
10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid
KetoC
10.1111/jre.12564
Dive into the research topics of 'The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid Medicine & Life Sciences 100%
RAW 264.7 Cells Medicine & Life Sciences 57%
Porphyromonas gingivalis Medicine & Life Sciences 54%
Lipopolysaccharides Medicine & Life Sciences 37%
Anti-Inflammatory Agents Medicine & Life Sciences 32%
Periodontal Diseases Medicine & Life Sciences 23%
Sulijaya, B., Takahashi, N., Yamada, M., Yokoji, M., Sato, K., Aoki-Nonaka, Y., Nakajima, T., Kishino, S., Ogawa, J., & Yamazaki, K. (2018). The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Periodontal Research, 53(5), 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12564
Sulijaya, B. ; Takahashi, N. ; Yamada, M. et al. / The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. In: Journal of Periodontal Research. 2018 ; Vol. 53, No. 5. pp. 777-784.
@article{0cd03f4747604f1a8340fe3670f730fd,
title = "The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide",
abstract = "Background: There is rapidly developing interest into the role of several anti-inflammatory agents to resolve inflammation in periodontal disease. A bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC), is known to have various beneficial physiological effects; however, the effect of KetoC on inflammation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and explored the intracellular mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without KetoC, and then stimulated with or without P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific antagonists for G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 were used to clarify the receptor for KetoC. The intracellular mechanism was investigated using western blotting analysis to separate nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 protein. Result: KetoC (5 μmol/L) was not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA and protein, and IL-1β mRNA. No protein production of IL-1β was observed. Additionally, when bound to GPR120, KetoC trended to downregulate nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels. However, the antagonist for GPR40 failed to diminish the action of KetoC. Conclusion: KetoC suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β via NF-κB p65, by binding to its receptor GPR120. KetoC is a promising candidate in future studies as a bioactive anti-inflammatory agent in treating periodontal disease.",
keywords = "10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid, inflammation, KetoC, macrophages, NF-κB",
author = "B. Sulijaya and N. Takahashi and M. Yamada and M. Yokoji and K. Sato and Y. Aoki-Nonaka and T. Nakajima and S. Kishino and J. Ogawa and K. Yamazaki",
note = "Funding Information: This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 15H02578 [K.Y.] and 16H05554 [T. N.]) and Nitto Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd",
doi = "10.1111/jre.12564",
journal = "Journal of Periodontal Research",
Sulijaya, B, Takahashi, N, Yamada, M, Yokoji, M, Sato, K, Aoki-Nonaka, Y, Nakajima, T, Kishino, S, Ogawa, J & Yamazaki, K 2018, 'The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide', Journal of Periodontal Research, vol. 53, no. 5, pp. 777-784. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.12564
The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. / Sulijaya, B.; Takahashi, N.; Yamada, M. et al.
In: Journal of Periodontal Research, Vol. 53, No. 5, 10.2018, p. 777-784.
T1 - The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide
AU - Sulijaya, B.
AU - Takahashi, N.
AU - Yamada, M.
AU - Yokoji, M.
AU - Sato, K.
AU - Aoki-Nonaka, Y.
AU - Nakajima, T.
AU - Kishino, S.
AU - Ogawa, J.
AU - Yamazaki, K.
N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported in part by JSPS KAKENHI (grant numbers 15H02578 [K.Y.] and 16H05554 [T. N.]) and Nitto Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd. Publisher Copyright: © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
N2 - Background: There is rapidly developing interest into the role of several anti-inflammatory agents to resolve inflammation in periodontal disease. A bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC), is known to have various beneficial physiological effects; however, the effect of KetoC on inflammation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and explored the intracellular mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without KetoC, and then stimulated with or without P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific antagonists for G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 were used to clarify the receptor for KetoC. The intracellular mechanism was investigated using western blotting analysis to separate nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 protein. Result: KetoC (5 μmol/L) was not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA and protein, and IL-1β mRNA. No protein production of IL-1β was observed. Additionally, when bound to GPR120, KetoC trended to downregulate nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels. However, the antagonist for GPR40 failed to diminish the action of KetoC. Conclusion: KetoC suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β via NF-κB p65, by binding to its receptor GPR120. KetoC is a promising candidate in future studies as a bioactive anti-inflammatory agent in treating periodontal disease.
AB - Background: There is rapidly developing interest into the role of several anti-inflammatory agents to resolve inflammation in periodontal disease. A bioactive polyunsaturated fatty acid, 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC), is known to have various beneficial physiological effects; however, the effect of KetoC on inflammation remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of KetoC on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide, and explored the intracellular mechanism responsible for its anti-inflammatory effects. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with or without KetoC, and then stimulated with or without P. gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1β were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Specific antagonists for G protein-coupled receptor (GPR)40 and GPR120 were used to clarify the receptor for KetoC. The intracellular mechanism was investigated using western blotting analysis to separate nuclear and cytosolic NF-κB p65 protein. Result: KetoC (5 μmol/L) was not toxic to RAW 264.7 cells, and significantly reduced the expression of TNFα and IL-6 mRNA and protein, and IL-1β mRNA. No protein production of IL-1β was observed. Additionally, when bound to GPR120, KetoC trended to downregulate nuclear NF-κB p65 protein levels. However, the antagonist for GPR40 failed to diminish the action of KetoC. Conclusion: KetoC suppressed the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β via NF-κB p65, by binding to its receptor GPR120. KetoC is a promising candidate in future studies as a bioactive anti-inflammatory agent in treating periodontal disease.
KW - 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid
KW - KetoC
KW - macrophages
KW - NF-κB
U2 - 10.1111/jre.12564
DO - 10.1111/jre.12564
JO - Journal of Periodontal Research
JF - Journal of Periodontal Research
Sulijaya B, Takahashi N, Yamada M, Yokoji M, Sato K, Aoki-Nonaka Y et al. The anti-inflammatory effect of 10-oxo-trans-11-octadecenoic acid (KetoC) on RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide. Journal of Periodontal Research. 2018 Oct;53(5):777-784. doi: 10.1111/jre.12564


text:
Die Schlacht an der Piave fand am 8. Mai 1809 zwischen den französisch-italienischen Truppen unter Befehl Eugène de Beauharnais und der österreichischen Armee unter Erzherzog Johann während des Fünften Koalitionskriegs statt. Obwohl die Österreicher ihre Positionen am gegenüberliegenden Flussufer bezogen hatten, erlitten sie eine Niederlage gegen die zahlenmäßig überlegenen französisch-italienischen Truppen.

Schlachtablauf

Die weit überlegenen französischen Truppen kamen von Süden her zum Fluss Piave und planten den Angriff auf die österreichische Armee, die nördlich des Flusses Stellung bezogen hatte.

Eugène glaubte, dass der Großteil der österreichischen Kontingente sehr viel weiter entfernt vom Flussufer, nämlich bei Conegliano lag. Er wusste nicht, dass Erzherzog Johanns Armee nur vier Kilometer vom Fluss entfernt in Stellung gegangen war und plante eine großangelegte Attacke.
Eugène sammelte seine Truppen und plante einen Scheinangriff an seinem linken Flügel auf das Fort von Nervesa. Gleichzeitig befahl er Dessaix den Hauptangriff im Zentrum auf das Fort von Priula. Um Dessaix zu unterstützen, platzierte er mehrere Batterien Artillerie am Südufer der Piave und ließ Gouchy den Fluss an der rechten Flanke bei San Nichiol mit drei Divisionen Kavallerie überqueren.

Um sieben Uhr überquerte Dessaix den Fluss mit 5000 Mann. Erzherzog Johann rückte zu diesem Zeitpunkt mit vor. Dabei formte das 8. Armeekorps den rechten Flügel im Westen und das 11. den linken im Osten.

Um acht Uhr waren die Franzosen unter Dessaix bis knapp vor die österreichischen Linien vorgerückt, sodass Johann seine gesamte Kavallerie unter Christian Freiherr Wolfskeel von Reichenberg zusammenfasste und in den Sturmangriff schickte.

Da die Reiterei jedoch nichts gegen Dessaix, der seine Truppen in zwei großen Karrees aufstellte, ausrichten konnte, eröffneten 24 österreichische Kanonen das Feuer auf Dessaix. Dieser erlitt große Verluste unter diesem massiven Bombardement. Also zogen die Franzosen selbst 24 Kanonen vor ihrer Infanterie auf und erwiderten das Feuer.

Während dieses Gefechts querten Grouchys Truppen den Fluss im Osten, schlugen Kalnássys Korps bis Cimadolmo zurück. Um 9 Uhr hatten sie vollständig den Fluss überquert. Um zehn Uhr trafen diese Truppen, Leichte Kavallerie unter Sahuc und Dragoner unter Pully auf die österreichische Reiterei unter Wolfskeel. Als dieser jedoch im Nahkampf getötet wurde, zerbrach der österreichische Angriff und die Reiterei floh. Sahuc und Pully stürmten die Positionen der Artillerie – die Österreicher konnten nur noch zehn Kanonen retten – hatten jedoch keinen Erfolg gegen die österreichische Infanterie, die ihrerseits nun Karrees bildete.

Zu diesem Zeitpunkt war der Pegel des Flusses derart hoch gestiegen, dass Eugène keine weiteren Truppen mehr übersetzen konnte, weshalb die Kämpfe zwischen 13 und 15 Uhr zum Erliegen kamen. 27.000 bis 30.000 seiner Soldaten waren nun abgeschnitten. Erzherzog Johann wagte jedoch keinen großangelegten Angriff seiner Infanterie, da er diese keinen Kavallerieangriffen aussetzen wollte und er wusste, dass seine eigene Reiterei keine ausreichende Deckung mehr liefern konnte.

Am späten Nachmittag begannen die französischen Attacken wieder: Am rechten Flügel bestürmten Greniers und Pullys Kavallerie mit Abbés Infanterie die Linien des 11. Armeekorps. Die Konter von Erzherzog Josephs Husaren bewirkten wenig und Kalnássy musste sich aus San Michele und Cimadolmo zurückziehen.

Ein Bombardement aus 24 Kanonen und die Attacken MacDonalds brachen schließlich die Linien des 11. Armeekorps. Auch die österreichischen Elitetruppe, Kleinmayers Grenadierbrigade, die in Reserve gehalten worden war konnten die Angriffe nicht mehr abwehren. Erzherzog Johanns Linien zerbrachen. Er musste sich geschlagen geben und nach Conegliano zurückziehen.

Literatur
 James R. Arnold: Napoleon Conquers Austria. Praeger Publishers, Westport, Conn. 1995, ISBN 0-275-94694-0.
 Scotty Bowden & Charlie Tarbox: Armies on the Danube 1809. Emperor's Press, Chicago 1989, ISBN 0-913037-08-7 (EA Arlington, Tx 1980).
 David G. Chandler: The campaigns of Napoleon. Weidenfeld, London 1993, ISBN 0-297-81367-6 (Nachdr. d. Ausg. London 1966)
 Robert M. Epstein: Napoleon's Last Victory and the Emergence of Modern War. University Press of Kansas, Lawrence, Kn 1994, ISBN 0-7006-0664-5.
 Gunther Rothenberg: Napoleon's Great Adversaries. The Archduke Charles and the Austrian Army, 1792-1814. Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Ind. 1982, ISBN 0-253-33969-3.
 Frederick C. Schneid: Napoleon's Italian Campaigns. 1805-1815. Praeger Publishers, Westport, Conn. 2002, ISBN 0-275-96875-8.

Piave
Konflikt 1809
Österreichische Militärgeschichte
Geschichte (Venetien)
Johann von Österreich


Great gift for that film fan inside your existence or simply since you love her.
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Gurgaon is the second largest city in the Indian state of Haryana. Gurgaon is the industrial and financial center of Haryana. It is located 30 km south of national capital New Delhi. Gurgaon is one of Delhi's four major satellite cities and is part of the National Capital Region. Gurgaon is within commuting distance of Delhi via an expressway and Delhi Metro.


I wish I had Matthew's power to fix things! Sounds like a good premise. Thanks for sharing, Barbara.
Lovely book and terrific review. I so enjoyed reading Magical Matthew and finding that he is patterned after a real-life child, with a magic all his own!
Thanks Barbara — and everyone — for such lovely words of support. Some stories almost write themselves and you just hang on for the ride. I loved writing this story (and Matthew asked about it every week! He is very pleased.) Thank you all.
Hi Tina, Nancy, and Margo, this is a fun book–and heck, I love magic, too!
Penny, you can see that everyone loves your concept and the way you presented it. Give our regards to the real Matthew.
Wishing you great success Penny. Thanks Barbara, I too have reviewed Magical Matthew. It will be posted on the Write Voice on Monday.
Sounds like a fun story and a good way for kids to see that helpfulness is a desirable trait. I could definitely use that fix-it magic around here! Congratulations, Penelope.
I enjoyed reading that book and hope it helps lots of kids want to help others.
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Thank you everyone for all your wonderful supportive comments!


On behalf of our partner, a well-established company in banking sector, we are looking for a DevOps Engineer. The position is in Athens, Greece.
The successful candidate will bridge the gap between the developers, the operations- and the IT system engineers.
• 3+ years professional Programming experience.
• Senior level of administration and support with application servers JBoss, Apache/Tomcat, nginx, IIS.
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text:
Q: drupal views facebook like button I tried to add facebook like button to my veiws, which lists a particular node-type. I used views custom field module to add the iframe code.
The problem is when I click like..
it shows Nikhil liked http://example.com/node/44
instead it should have shown Nikhil liked node title on example.com.
Where am I going wrong.

A: Use Open Graph tags:
http://developers.facebook.com/docs/reference/plugins/like

A: oK , well I was able to achieve the above feature by following methods:

*

*Created a cck field url-alias under a content type for which views is being created.

*Using views-custom-field module, I put in the facebook iframe code.

*in my views I included the url-alias field in hidden form and used it to form the url in the like code.

*I also used the fb-social module and after that all my likes button were working as expected.

A: You can check out how I did it here: http://www.jerryjr.com/adding-facebook-like-button-your-drupal-site

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


After Cleaning the water supply, every particular person was able to inform that the water is enough to be gravitated. Yogurt salad, flavored with parsley, mint, and dill, blended with shredded cucumber and different salad greens is a healthy selection. (Nutrition: 80 Cals; Fats: 1.8 g; Carbs: 9 g; Protein: 6 g). I used to be introduced to the thought of a prayer journal several years in the past. The idea is to put in writing down your prayers, with a date, after which write down the date that your prayers have been answered. This is an efficient method of accelerating your faith and seeing how God is working.
Beginning in 1999, the federal government has entered right into a series of single-bid contracts with Halliburton subsidiary Kellogg, Brown and Root (KBR) to construct detention camps at undisclosed places throughout the United States. The federal government has additionally contracted with a number of corporations to build hundreds of railcars, some reportedly outfitted with shackles, ostensibly to transport detainees.
It's that time once more — time to embrace a brand new yr and a recent begin in our continued journey toward a healthier, happier life. With a nod to our upcoming 20th anniversary in 2017, I've selected 20 tips from my 20 hottest articles of 2016. Psychiatry – medical specialty dedicated to the examine and treatment of psychological disorders. These mental problems embrace varied affective, behavioural, cognitive and perceptual abnormalities.


text:
Annsert Whyte (né le ) est un athlète jamaïcain, spécialiste du 400 mètres haies.

Biographie

Palmarès

Records

Notes et références

Liens externes

Hurdleur jamaïcain
Coureur de 400 mètres haies
Naissance en avril 1987
Athlète (homme) aux Jeux olympiques d'été de 2016


text:
Phoenix Accident Attorneys Representing Victims of Arizona School Bus Accidents
Arizona Bus Accident Lawyers Protecting the Rights of Children Riding in School Buses
School buses are vehicles that we see every day. They are also a mode of transportation that many people take for granted. While these vehicles transport children across Arizona to and from school and other events every day, they all encounter some degree of risk. Unfortunately, some of these risks are created by the school buses themselves, and accidents can and do occur. When they do, you will need the help of an experienced Arizona bus accident lawyer.
Below youll find information regarding basic school bus accident statistics, potential theories of liability that could be brought against different parties in a legal claim filed by someone whos been wrongfully injured and finally how you should proceed if you or someone you love has been harmed in a school bus accident in Arizona.
School Bus Accident Statistics
The first statistic that should be reviewed is that millions of school children are transported to and from school and school-related activities every day. Its estimated that approximately 9 million trips with students are made in school buses every day, which translates to approximately 24 million people.
Overall, school bus accident statistics in the United States are quite troubling in terms of their volume. On an annual basis in the United States, nearly 17,000 people are injured and between 20 and 30 are killed in school bus accidents. Many of those who are injured and killed, however, are not passengers on school buses, but form a group comprised of passengers in other vehicles and pedestrians, especially those who are attempting to board or to exit the school bus.
Potential Theories of Liability for School Bus Accidents
No two school bus accidents are ever exactly alike, and that means that there are several different theories of liability that could arise in the aftermath of a school bus accident. The legal theory thats chosen when a lawsuit is filed will depend on the facts that surround the situation, much like any other legal claim. Below are a few examples of liability theories based on school bus accidents.
Negligence by the School Bus Driver
School bus drivers are supposed to be specially trained and qualified in order to be trusted with the transportation of school children through traffic conditions that can be challenging. However, school bus drivers will make mistakes like anyone else, and if the school bus driver was negligent in any way he or she would likely be named as a defendant to a lawsuit that follows.
Negligence by the School Bus Company
In many cases, the school bus company will be named as a defendant after a school bus accident because the bus driver was an employee of the company. However, it should be noted that not all school bus transportation services are fulfilled by private companies. In many locations, the school buses are owned and operated by the school board or school district.
However, in those situations where a private company contracts with the school district, the company could face liability for hiring an unqualified driver, for failing to properly maintain their vehicles and for many other reasons where the companys alleged negligence was a cause of the school bus accident and injuries that followed.
Negligence by the Arizona School Board or School District
In those situations in which the school buses in an area are owned and operated by the school board or school district, that entity could face exposure to liability for many of the same reasons as the private school bus company mentioned above. Even if the school board contracts with a private company, that entity could still face liability if it hired a company that did not meet basic qualifications or the school district did not exercise due care in the hiring and management of the private transportation company.
Negligence by Another Driver
Not all school bus accidents are the fault of the bus driver. There are many situations in which the negligence of the driver of a private vehicle would be the cause for not only the school bus accident but also for the injuries and damages that result from the incident. In this situation, the other driver or drivers would likely face liability.
Negligence by the School Bus Manufacturer
There are also situations in which the school bus thats involved in an accident was defective in some way that could not have been foreseen by the entity thats responsible for transporting the children. In this situation, a basic products liability theory would govern the subsequent lawsuits against the manufacturers of the defective school buses.
How an Phoenix Bus Accident Attorney Can Help
If you or someone you love has been harmed in a school bus accident, you need to take action. However, instead of wading through the intricacies and legal technicalities that can dominate these situations, seek the help of an experienced Arizona bus accident lawyer who understands what it takes to hold those responsible for injuries accountable. Contact Phillips Law Group today to schedule a free initial consultation.
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