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The three Cs of TMRE Jeffrey Henning 10 November 2011
OPINION10 November 2011
The three Cs of TMRE
Jeffrey Henning
Candidates, culture and customers: Jeffrey Henning reflects on the key themes emerging from The Market Research Event, held this week in Orlando, Florida.
Market research is the best profession in the world, but maybe not for market researchers. Stan Sthanunathan of Coca-Cola, the iconoclastic research head of an iconic brand, said he often looked for staff with skills outside the profession. Similar sentiment emerged from a panel discussion hosted by Karen Morgan of Morgan Search International: Jason Anderson of Blizzard Entertainment was an engineering manager who moved into research, while Ari Popper of BrainJuicer looks for candidates who are detail-oriented and curious rather than for staff with extensive research backgrounds. In his standing-room-only interview with Diane Hessan of Communispace, Sthanunathan said that research gave him a chance to unify his interest in quant and psychology; these comments were echoed by other attendees, who spoke of research's ability to bring together the quite different interests of sociology and analytics.
Culture is key to transformative change with customers. The importance of culture – whether it's the corporate or consumer kind – was a recurring theme across many presentations. Chanon Cook of Comedy Central presented research on the rising importance of "a new comedy culture" for their viewers, especially Gen Y: 72% look for humour in any situation, no matter how absurd, 53% say comedy provides a perspective on what's truly important in life and 60% reckon they are as funny as any professional comedian. Timothy de Waal Malefyt from BBDO Worldwide discussed the need for brands to immerse themselves in understanding customers' lives, in order to seek out opportunities where rituals (existing or created) can transform consumer relationships with a brand: for instance, Build-a-Bear has created a ritual for children to follow when "adopting" customised stuffed animals.
Jeremy Gutsche of Trend Hunter provided an excellent case study showing the importance of understanding customer culture, using the example of anti-littering campaigns, in particular the classic "Keep America Beautiful" campaign of the 1970s which featured an American Indian encountering a litter-strewn landscape.
The commercial was emotionally powerful and connecting, yet failed to change behaviour. In contrast, the Texas advertising agency GSD&M, charged with reducing littering by 5%, carefully researched those who litter and found it was part of a "King of the World" road culture of young men and pickup trucks. They came up with the campaign "Don't Mess with Texas" that spoke to this culture: an early commercial featured two Dallas Cowboys football players saying to a litterer, "Don't mess with me. Don't mess with Texas." The campaign resonated, and from 1986 to 1990 litter was reduced by 72%.
Pivoting from customer culture to corporate culture, Gutsche said that companies, and research departments, must create customer-immersed cultures. His advice: observe customers, interact with them, watch them choose, observe their usage – not as ethnography per se but in order to build customer empathy and connection within the company. "Culture eats strategy for breakfast," he said, repeating a sign that Ford hangs outside its Strategy War Room.
Similarly, in a session entitled "Beyond Ethnography", Paulette Kish argued for the need to get internal staff more involved with customers through immersion retreats and "extreme ethnography". As Sthanunathan had said: "The best research is where you immerse yourself personally. It will change the culture." Anne Mulcahy, the former CEO of Xerox, said that good research comes from good culture, from leadership that rewards and embraces risk-taking and investment in new approaches. "We are drowning in data and thirsty for insights," she said. "This is the opportunity."
Understanding how customers decide. Both Gutsche and Mulcahy separately discussed the need to shift research from a focus on products to a focus on people. While there were the obligatory neuromarketing presentations, attendees were more interested in some of the behavioural economics experiments. As Thomas Snyder of Emotion Mining reminded attendees, encouraging respondents to self-report leads to rationalisation; techniques must always seek to uncover the mediation of the subconscious. Brad Bane of Ipsos described how consumers can be "lazy or loyal" depending on the type of purchase decision. Sheena Iyengar, author of The Art of Choosing, discussed consumer choice-making in detail, based on her own famous behavioural experiments: how selling six types of jam instead of 24 led to a six-fold increase in sales, while students who selected from 30 chocolates thought those same chocolates were less delicious than students who had selected from just six. She offered practical advice for marketing on how to re-factor product lines based on this knowledge: cut options within categories and increase the number of categories, both of which will lead to sales increases.
Jeffrey Henning is chief marketing officer of innovation software and services firm Affinnova
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International: World Amateur Radio Day is Friday, April 18
Regulatory: ARRL Asks FCC to Dismiss "Fatally Flawed" Petition for Rule Making Affecting 10 GHz
Public Service: Amateur Radio Volunteers Provide Critical Support for 30th Challenge Cup Relay
Ham Radio in Space: Astronaut Emcees Live Amateur Radio Digital TV Test from the ISS
Ham Radio in Space: FUNcube/AO-73 Transponder Will Be Active Each Weekend
Ham Radio in Space: KickSat Project Announces Telemetry Download Competition
Your League: Deadline is May 1 to Apply for ARRL Teachers Institute
Centennial: W1AW Centennial Operations are in Mississippi and North Dakota until April 23 (UTC)
Technology: HAARP Facility in Danger of Being Dismantled
Feature: A Century of Amateur Radio and the ARRL
Getting It Right!
The K7RA Solar Update
Just Ahead in Radiosport
ARRL Headquarters Closed on April 18: ARRL Headquarters will be closed on Good Friday, April 18. There will be no W1AW bulletin or code practice transmissions and no ARRL Audio News on April 18. ARRL Headquarters will reopen Monday, April 21, at 8 AM Eastern Daylight Time. We wish everyone a safe and enjoyable holiday!
"Amateur Radio: Your Gateway to Wireless Communication" is the theme for World Amateur Radio Day 2014, Friday, April 18. Radio amateurs celebrate World Amateur Radio Day each year on April 18 to recognize the anniversary of the founding of the International Amateur Radio Union (IARU) in Paris in 1925. ARRL Co-Founder Hiram Percy Maxim, 1AW, was its first president. The primary purpose of World Amateur Radio Day is to highlight Amateur Radio and its benefits to countries and communities. This year the IARU and its more than 150 member-societies are marking the organization's 89th anniversary.
The 1925 IARU Congress. [QST photo]
"Amateur radio has truly entered the 21st century. In less than 100 years Amateur Radio communication has evolved from crude spark-gap technology to digital signal processing and software-defined radios," the IARU has pointed out. "The amateur's HF choice between voice and CW has been expanded to a broad range of communication choices from television to spread spectrum."
Amateur Radio experimenters were the first to discover that the short wave spectrum -- far from being a wasteland -- could support worldwide propagation. As the rush to shorter wavelengths ensued, however, Amateur Radio was "in grave danger of being pushed aside," the IARU's history has noted. So, Amateur Radio pioneers met in Paris in 1925 and created the IARU to support Amateur Radio worldwide.
World Amateur Radio Day activities and special events are an opportunity to spread the word about what radio amateurs are doing in the 21st century. Several IARU member-societies and associated clubs are expected to sponsor special event stations to mark the occasion this weekend. Among them will be the Puerto Rico Field Day Group, which plans to activate KP4FD on April 18. Others to listen for include HZ14WARD in Saudi Arabia, SK89WARD in Sweden, and A91WARD in Bahrain.
The ARRL has told the FCC that a Petition for Rule Making (RM-11715) from Mimosa Networks to permit unlicensed Part 15 wireless broadband services in the 10.0-10.5 GHz band is "fatally flawed" and should be dismissed. Mimosa filed the Petition in May 2013, and the FCC invited public comments last month. The Petition includes a band plan for 10.0 to 10.5 GHz that would cede Amateur Radio and Amateur-Satellite users access to just two small segments of the present allocation. The League told the FCC that, among other things, the Mimosa Petition is inconsistent with a US footnote in the domestic Table of Allocations, and that fact alone is sufficient reason for the Commission to quash Mimosa's request.
"Footnote US128 very clearly and without equivocation prohibits all non-Federal services in the band 10-10.5 GHz except for the Amateur Service, the Amateur-Satellite Service, and the non-Federal radiolocation service," the ARRL said in its comments. The FCC "is not at liberty to ignore" the US footnote, the League said, and is obliged on that basis alone to dismiss the Petition, "because it hasn't the authority to grant it."
Approval of the Mimosa Petition hinges on FCC adoption of rule changes that would put the 10 GHz band under Subpart Z of the Commission's Part 90 rules. Subpart Z currently sets out regulations governing wireless licensing, technical standards, and operational standards in the 3650 to 3700 MHz band. Mimosa told the FCC that the "application of the coordination procedures and requirements provided in Subpart Z will ensure that Amateur Radio operations in the band will not be disrupted." Its proposed band plan, the company said, would protect frequencies in the band "that are most often used by Amateur Radio operators," but the plan itself would carry no weight, since Mimosa failed to mention it among the rules changes it proposed. The plan would specify 10.350 to 10.370 GHz as an "Amateur Calling Band," and 10.450 to 10.500 GHz for Amateur-Satellite operations in the midst of 21 wireless broadband channels and a small guard band.
"[T]here is no 'sharing' between allocated radio services and Part 15 devices," the ARRL said. "Part 15 unlicensed devices have no allocation status...and are prohibited from causing interference to any authorized radio service. That is not the regulatory paradigm proposed by Mimosa for the 10.0-10.5 GHz band."
The League pointed out that Amateur Radio operations exist throughout the 10.0 to 10.5 GHz band now, and that Mimosa's protocols for avoiding interference would not protect repeater input frequencies or interference to receivers used in "weak-signal" amateur operation. "Increases in the noise floor in this band that would result from wireless broadband operations as proposed would simply foreclose most or all amateur use of the band on an ongoing basis," the ARRL asserted.
Even if the FCC could proceed with the proposed allocation, the League said, it would be "premature" to do so, because the US is now developing positions in advance of World Radiocommunication Conference 2015 (WRC-15). The League said WRC-15 agenda item 1.12 could have "a profound effect" on the 10.0-10.5 GHz band in ITU Region 2. "Action domestically on the Mimosa Petition now would foreclose certain options that the United States may wish to advocate at WRC-15, and the WRC-15 final acts may have an effect on this band as well," the League explained.
"[I]t is quite obvious that Mimosa has propounded a seriously flawed proposal which fails to justify the allocation," the League concluded. "The Petition should be dismissed without action by the Commission without delay." Read more.
Amateur Radio volunteers were key to maintaining safety and security for the thousands of law enforcement personnel who took part in the
Baker to Vegas Challenge Cup Relay (B2V) race on March 22. This year marked the 30th anniversary of the event, sometimes called "The world's longest police foot pursuit." The relay event covers some 120 miles of remote territory, from the Mojave Desert near Baker, California -- the gateway to Death Valley -- to Las Vegas, Nevada.
"This year we started 261 teams over a span of 9 hours," B2V Communications Director Joy Matlack, KD6FJV, told ARRL. "All of the teams that started the race finished, which sometimes is not the case. We had a minimal level of injuries this year -- only five airlifts -- so that made this year's race all the better."
The grueling route tests human endurance in an environment where rattlesnakes thrive and the temperature has topped 130° F. The race course winds through the Mojave Desert, crosses the Spring Mountains at Mountain Springs Pass (elevation 5530 feet) and descends into Las Vegas. The terrain and race logistics also challenge the communication system, which needs to cover some 8100 square miles. Given a lack of conventional telecommunication services, the vast impromptu telecommunication infrastructure incorporates ham radio as well as business band, aeronautical, and public safety systems.
"We have multiple layers of communications, and most are tied into an integrated ham radio network," Matlack explained. Many teams bring along their own ham radio teams to provide logistical support for their runners, she added.
Matlack said the B2V starts out with some 325 or so volunteers, who support communication with and for the race director and other officials as well as provide information to and from each of the 22 baton exchange points. She said individual teams that use ham radio bring out another 325 hams along the course. The primary mission of the Amateur Radio volunteers is the protection and safety of runners and their support-vehicle staff members.
To keep a close eye on the early part of the course, where runners face the most severe conditions, Matlack dispatches a smaller Safety Patrol consisting of a coordinator and trained radio amateurs. The Safety Patrol checks the condition of each runner, while keeping in contact with race officials and medical personnel as necessary.
The race takes place in 20 stages, where the teams change runners. Amateur Radio operators serve as the race staff at these stages, provide scoring and timing functions, handle the PA system, call in the medics if necessary, and handle all routine and emergency event radio traffic.
The B2V is sponsored by the Los Angeles Police Revolver and Athletic Club, which has limited the number of entries to 270 teams. With family, friends and onlookers the crowd can grow to more than 10,000 people. Read more. -- Thanks to Joy Matlack, KD6FJV; John Bigley, N7UR, Nevada Amateur Radio Newswire
Japanese Astronaut Koichi Wakata, KC5ZTA, served as the host for a successful final commissioning test pass April 13 for the Amateur Radio on the International Space Station (ARISS) "Ham Video" transmitter and camera. Operating as OR4ISS from the ISS Columbus module, Wakata transmitted digital video and audio, as ground stations in France and Italy tracked the station. G4KLB, F6DZP, and IK1SLD were among those receiving clear video and audio during the approximately 6 minute pass. They streamed the signal over the Internet via the British Amateur Television Club (BATC) server. The test used so-called "configuration 4" -- 2395 MHz with ARISS antenna 43.
JAXA Astronaut Koichi Wakata, KC5ZTA, is on the air live April 13 during a final commissioning pass of the ARISS ham radio digital TV system onboard the International Space Station. [G4KLB image via BATC server]
"The final Ham Video commissioning pass was performed flawlessly Sunday, April 13, at 1823 UTC," ARISS Europe Chairman Gaston Bertels, ON4WF, proclaimed. "Congratulations to the Ham Video team for this outstanding performance. Next step should be a video-enhanced ARISS school contact."
During the pass, Wakata congratulated ARISS for its achievement and answered a series of questions "in the manner of a school contact," Bertels explained. He also conducted a microgravity experiment.
In early March, as one of his final actions during his duty tour aboard the International Space Station, NASA Astronaut Mike Hopkins, KF5LJG, installed and commissioned the ARISS Ham Video transmitter and camera. He also was the first member of an ISS crew to transmit his image to Earth using the Amateur Radio digital television (DATV) setup.
The ARISS project, led by ARISS-EU, AMSAT-Italy, and the European Space Agency (ESA), eventually will enhance ARISS school contacts by providing a video and audio downlink plus an audio-only uplink.
Commissioning of the overall "Ham TV" Amateur Radio DATV system marked the culmination of more than a decade of planning and preparation within ARISS. Although there are no immediate plans to employ Ham TV for educational contacts with schools in North America, ARISS International President Frank Bauer, KA3HDO, said several US radio amateurs are testing this capability.
"If this shows educational value," he said, "it will be employed in the US."
The Ham Video transmitter has downlink frequencies of 2.422, 2.437, 2.369 and 2.395 GHz in a DVB-S type format (symbol rates of 1.3 Ms/s and 2.0 Ms/s). The two patch antennas, ARISS 41 and ARISS 43, are located on the nadir of the Columbus module. The Ham Video transmitter puts out approximately 10 W EIRP. The camera is a Canon XF-305. -- Thanks to ARISS International President Frank Bauer, KA3HDO, and ARISS-EU Chairman Gaston Bertels, ON4WF
The FUNcube/AO-73 Amateur Radio transponder will be active full time (with low-power beacon) on weekends.
FUNcube's controllers will switch to full-time transponder mode during the first suitable pass over the UK on Friday, typically between 1930 and 22:30 UTC. (If this is not possible, the switch will be made on the first suitable pass on Saturday, typically between 0930 and 1200 UTC. Controllers will switch off full-time transponder mode during a suitable pass on Sunday evening, typically between 1930 and 2230 UTC. (If this is not possible, the switch will be made during the first suitable pass on Monday, typically between 0930 and 1200 UTC.
This schedule is totally reliant on the availability of command stations.
AO-73's telemetry downlink frequency is 145.935 MHz BPSK. The SSB/CW inverting transponder uplink is 435.150-435.130 MHz LSB, and the downlink is 145.950-145.970 MHz USB. Use a maximum uplink power of 5 W into a 7 dBi gain antenna.
More information is available on the FUNcube website. Comments are user reports are welcome. -- Thanks to Jim Heck, G3WGM, via AMSAT News Service
Zac Manchester, KD2BHC, of the KickSat project is offering prizes to the first stations to copy telemetry from KickSat and the "Sprite" satellites it will deploy.
"I'll be offering prizes to the first several people who receive telemetry packets from KickSat as well as the first few who receive signals from the Sprites," the Cornell University aerospace engineering graduate student has announced. "The prizes will include souvenir Sprites, and CRS-3 and ELaNa-V mission patches."
KickSat's Zac Manchester, KD2BHC, offers a whimsical boost to the delayed SpaceX launcher at Cape Canaveral.
The KickSat will go into space with the third SpaceX ISS resupply mission, which was delayed at least until April 18. If all goes according to plan, the 3U KickSat CubeSat subsequently will release more than 100 Sprite satellites -- each about the size of a small cracker -- into orbit. They will become the smallest Earth-orbiting satellites ever.
For KickSat telemetry (437.505 MHz and 2401-2436.2 MHz), Manchester wants the raw hex or ASCII packet data, "and I have to be able to successfully decode it." For the Sprites, he wants a raw baseband recording, "and I have to be able to decode at least one Sprite signal from it." All of the Sprites are on the same frequency -- 437.240 MHz. Manchester said he is the final judge on winners, and he'll continue to offer prizes, "until I run out of cool swag." To get in on the fun, Manchester said, visit the KickSat Wiki and sign up for the KickSat mailing list. AMSAT-UK also has posted a report.
The ARRL Education & Technology Program (ETP) is still accepting applications for all sessions of the ARRL Teachers Institute this summer. The application deadline is May 1. Admission decisions will be made by May 9.
Learn how to integrate science and mathematics with engineering and technology by exploring wireless technology!
Now in its 11th year, the ARRL Teachers Institute is a 4-day, expenses paid, intensive professional development opportunity for educators who want to receive training and resources to explore wireless technology in the classroom. ARRL will offer two sessions of the "Introductory Teachers Institute on Wireless Technology" (TI-1) this summer. Topics include basic electronics, radio science, microcontroller programming and basic robotics.
ARRL also will offer an advanced Teachers Institute (TI-2), "Remote Sensing and Data Gathering."
For more details see the announcement in the March issue of QST or visit the Teachers Institute on Wireless Technology website. Download applications for both Teachers Institutes from the ARRL website. Scroll down to the "2014 TI Applications" tab.
The ARRL Centennial W1AW WAS operations taking place throughout 2014 from each of the 50 states now are in Mississippi (W1AW/5) and North Dakota (W1AW/0). They will relocate at 0000 UTC on Wednesday, April 23 (the evening of April 22 in US time zones), to New Jersey (W1AW/2) and New Hampshire (W1AW/1). During 2014 W1AW will be on the air from every state (at least twice) and most US territories, and it will be easy to work all states solely by contacting W1AW portable operations.
In conjunction with the 100th anniversary of the ARRL, the ARRL Centennial QSO Party kicked off January 1 for a year-long operating event in which participants can accumulate points and win awards. The event is open to all, although only ARRL members and appointees, elected officials, HQ staff and W1AW are worth ARRL Centennial QSO Party points. Working W1AW/x from each state is worth 5 points per contact.
To earn the "Worked all States with W1AW Award," work W1AW operating portable from all 50 states. (Working W1AW or W100AW in Connecticut does not count for Connecticut, however. For award credit, participants must work W1AW/1 in Connecticut.) A W1AW WAS certificate and plaque will be available (pricing not yet available).
Some schedule changes have been made, and the schedule has been updated to reflect these. Maine and New Mexico have swapped weeks. New Mexico's second week will start September 24, and Maine's second week will begin December 3. The District of Columbia's week has been moved to the week of October 1. North Dakota's second week has been shifted to the week of August 20. Puerto Rico will now have a second week of operation starting November 26.
The ARRL has posted an ARRL Centennial QSO Party leader board that participants can use to determine how many points they have accumulated in the Centennial QSO Party and in the W1AW WAS operations. Log in using your Logbook of The World (LoTW) user name and password, and your position will appear at the top of the leader boards. Results are updated daily, based on contacts entered into LoTW.
W1AW/x Portables, W100AW, and W1HQ Can QSL via Bureau
You may request that QSL cards be delivered via the ARRL QSL Bureau system for contacts with the W1AW/x portable operations, W100AW, and W1HQ, now underway during the ARRL Centennial. You must first have an account with the QSL Bureau that handles your cards and have sufficient postage or envelopes on file with that bureau. Any cards that cannot be delivered will not be held or stored.
Please do not send any cards for W1AW/x portable operations, W100AW, or W1HQ to ARRL via the bureau. While we appreciate the thought, we do not have room to store or file them and would rather you have fun working all the Centennial stations!
This is a one-time only use of the QSL Bureau for this purpose. QSLs to stations outside the US via the QSL Bureau will be handled normally. Click here, enter your call sign, and click SUBMIT to request delivery of W1AW/x portable operations, W100AW, or W1HQ QSL cards via the Bureau. -- Thanks to Membership and Volunteer Programs Manager Dave Patton, NN1N
According to an April 9 Alaska Dispatch report, the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility near Gakona, Alaska, could be decommissioned and dismantled altogether this year, unless the US Air Force can find a new prime contractor to take over the sprawling, 35-acre facility. The report said the Geophysical Institute at the University of Alaska-Fairbanks is hoping to pull together a plan to run the facility, which has long been a subject of fascination for hams and the target of conspiracy theorists. The facility shut down last year and, with the exception of some contract-funded research, it has essentially remained in standby.
Part of the HAARP facility's array of antennas.
Money is one major issue. The US Air Force Research Laboratory wants to see HAARP survive, "but only if someone else pays the bills, estimated at about $5 million a year," the article said.
The University of Alaska Geophysical Institute is said to be trying to come up with a plan to keep HAARP up and running to continue ionospheric research. A White House Office of Science and Technology Policy meeting in February of federal agencies interested in ionospheric research came up with no viable candidates to run HAARP, however.
The news account cited an Air Force spokesman as saying that final research experiments funded by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) are set to wrap up next month.
HAARP had indicated 3 years ago that it would be shutting down, and it did not submit a budget request for FY 15, but that attracted scant attention at the time.
Jointly funded by the US Air Force Research Laboratory and the US Naval Research Laboratory, the HAARP ionospheric research facility. Its best-known for its 3.6 MW HF (approximately 3 to 10 MHz) ionospheric research instrument (IRI) -- a transmitter feeding an extensive system of 180 gain antennas and used to "excite" sections of the ionosphere. Other onsite equipment is used to evaluate the effects.
The ultra-high power facility long has intrigued hams, even outside of Alaska. In 1997, HAARP transmitted test signals on HF (3.4 MHz and 6.99 MHz) and solicited reports from hams and short-wave listeners in the "Lower 48" to determine how well the HAARP transmissions could be heard to the south. In 2007 HAARP succeeded in bouncing a 40 meter signal off the moon. Early last year, HAARP scientists successfully produced a sustained high-density plasma cloud in Earth's upper atmosphere.
While the Air Force has possession for now, the unique facility will be dismantled if no other agency steps forward to take it over.
By 1945, when it became certain that the Allies would win the war, attention turned toward post-war hamming. Articles in QST described modern VFO and transmitter construction, small portable stations, antenna advances, and VHF/UHF equipment and techniques. Everyone was ready to return to "normal," and the League was pushing for that return!
In May 1945, the FCC announced its plan for the Amateur Radio bands when the war was over. Among other things the 2½ and 1¼ meter bands would be shifted to the frequencies they occupy today. In June, the FCC announced that it would delete the 5 meter band and replace it with 6 meters.
The July 1946 QST contained plans for "A Beginner's Two-Stage Transmitter."
And then, the war was over! The documents were signed on August 14, 1945, to formally end hostilities. On August 15, ARRL asked the FCC to re-open the ham bands. The very next day, the FCC announced that the 112 MHz (2½ meter) band would be immediately opened for ham use. Slashing through miles of red tape, the band was opened on August 21. We were back on the air, even though it was on only one VHF band that would shortly become another!
Other bands were opened to ham operation as quickly as possible, but military communications first had to be moved away from the amateur bands. Making all those military frequency changes was not an easy task, but it was done as quickly as possible. After military circuits had been moved from a given ham band, the FCC would release it for ham use.
The 160 meter band remained closed to hams. During the war, a then-secret navigation system called LORAN (for "Long-Range Aid to Navigation") had been developed and placed in the 1.8 to 2.0 MHz band. After the war it continued to be widely used for maritime navigation. Hams eventually were allowed back on 160 -- at first with reduced power limits but ultimately, after LORAN went away, with normal power limits.
In another change that came with post-war Amateur Radio, the FCC rezoned the 48 states into 10 call areas, rather than the previous 9. New W0-prefix call signs started showing up on the air. Those were new licensees. Hams who had been living in the new 10th call area before the war could continue to use their W9-prefix call signs until renewal time, at which time their call signs were switched to the W0-prefix.
By early 1946, 10 meters had been reopened for amateur use, and the ARRL threw a "Band-Warming Party" in February and March 1946. The Band-Warming Party was a worldwide QSO party, with both CW and phone operation. It was a nice way to celebrate being back on the air! -- Al Brogdon, W1AB
VK9MT Okayed for DXCC Credit: The April 2014 VK9MT Mellish Reef DXpedition has been approved for DXCC credit. DXCC is Amateur Radio's premier award that hams can earn by confirming on-the-air contacts with 100 DXCC "entities," most of which are countries in the traditional sense. You can begin with the basic DXCC award and work your way up to the DXCC Honor Roll. Learn more. -- ARRL Awards Branch Manager Bill Moore, NC1L
ARRL Field Day Locator Now Active: ARRL Field Day 2014 is not far off. Let the world know about your ARRL Field Day Operation via the ARRL Field Day Locator. It's easy to use. The web page is intended to show only public Field Day sites that members of the public and media can visit. If you're planning to operate from at a private, residential location, do not add your site to the map. Field Day 2014 is June 28-29.
ZS1AN (left) and ZS1AU celebrate. [Dennis Wells, ZS1AU, photo]
The article "Mellish Reef DXpedition Yields to Weather," which appeared in the April 10, 2014, edition of The ARRL Letter, contained incorrect information. The article should have read, "Team Mellish said that before shutting down, it was able to give an elderly South Africa radio amateur his last one for top of the DXCC Honor Roll." The unnamed South African ham was Dennis Wells, ZS1AU, a member of both the South African Radio League (SARL) and the ARRL, and he has been licensed since 1950. -- Thanks to Dennis Wells, ZS1AU
The announcement "W1AW Centennial Operations Shift States on April 9," which appeared in the April 10 edition of The ARRL Letter, should have read "...Shift States on April 16" and indicated that the ARRL Centennial W1AW WAS operations in Massachusetts, Virginia, and Puerto Rico would relocate at 0000 UTC on Wednesday, April 16 (the evening of April 15 in US time zones), to Mississippi (W1AW/5) and North Dakota (W1AW/0).
After a few days in the doldrums April 8-13, solar activity made a strong recovery over the 3 days following, with daily sunspot numbers of 105, 149, and 245. Sunspot numbers have topped 200 several times in the past 12 months. For example, on February 28, the daily sunspot number reached 279, and last November 17, it hit 282.
The average daily sunspot number was actually down this week compared to last -- from 129.3 to 118.4. Average daily solar flux rose from 142.2 to 149.1. April 12 was geomagnetically active, and the planetary A index reached 25, the result of a solar wind stream.
[SOHO image]
Solar flux was predicted to be 190 for April 17-19, 185, 180, and 175 for April 20-22, 170 for April 23-24, 140 for April 25-27, 130 for April 28-29, 125 for April 30, 120 on May 1-2, 125 for May 3-5, and then peaking at 145 for May 12-19.
Predicted planetary A index is 8 for April 17-18, 5 for April 19-May 10, 8 for May 11-12, and then 5 for the remaining days of the 45 day forecast period.
For the first time in many years, WWV again is transmitting on 25 MHz on an experimental basis. David Crawford, KF4VXJ, in North Carolina reported hearing the 25 MHz signal on April 10 at 2118 UTC with some fading, the signal strength varying from S-5 to S-8. He included this in a reception report to WWV.
In its reply NIST recounted that WWV first began broadcasting on 25 MHz in 1946, but suspended that broadcast in 1977. "Due to listener interest and changes in broadcasting technology, NIST is pleased to be able to provide this service on a limited basis once again," NIST said. Visit the WWV website for the latest status of the 25 MHz transmission.
Sunspot numbers for April 10-16 were 78, 83, 74, 95, 105, 149, and 245, with a mean of 118.4. The 10.7 cm flux was 136.7, 137.6, 135.9, 137.1, 150.3, 161.9, and 183.9, with a mean of 149.1.
Estimated planetary A indices were 3, 8, 25, 16, 8, 6, and 5, with a mean of 10.1. Estimated mid-latitude A indices were 4, 7, 16, 13, 7, 5, and 5, with a mean of 8.1.
The latest bulletin and an archive of past propagation bulletins are on the ARRL website.
Send me your reports and observations.
Apr 18-19 -- Holyland DX Contest
Apr 19 -- TARA Skirmish Digital Prefix Contest
Apr 19 -- ES Open HF Championship
Apr 19 -- EU Spring Sprints
Apr 19 -- Ontario QSO Party
Apr 19 -- Feld-Hell New Member Sprint
Apr 19-20 -- YU DX Contest
Apr 19-20 -- Worked All Provinces of China
Apr 19-20 -- CQMM DX Contest
Apr 19-20 -- Michigan QSO Party
Apr 19-20 -- EA QRP Contest
Apr 19-20 -- Nebraska QSO Party
Apr 19-20 -- North Dakota QSO Party
Apr 20 -- ARRL Rookie Roundup (SSB)
Apr 21 -- Run For the Bacon
Apr 21 -- Low Power Spring Sprint
Apr 23 -- VHF Spring Sprints
Apr 26 -- Florida QSO Party
Apr 26-27 -- Ten-Ten Spring Digital Contest
Apr 26-27 -- SP DX RTTY Contest
Apr 26-27 -- Helvetia Contest
Apr 27 -- BARTG 75 Sprint
Visit the Contest Calendar for details.
April 19 -- Roanoke Division Convention, Raleigh, North Carolina
April 25-27 -- Idaho State Convention, Boise, Idaho
April 26 -- Aurora '14 Conference, White Bear Lake, Minnesota
May 3 -- South Carolina Section Convention, Spartanburg, South Carolina
May 16-18 -- Dayton Hamvention -- Regional ARRL Centennial Event, Dayton, Ohio
May 30-Jun 1 Nevada State Convention, Virginia City, Nevada
Jun 6-8 Northwestern Division Convention (SeaPac) -- Regional ARRL Centennial Event, Seaside, Oregon
Jun 7 Georgia Section Convention (Atlanta Hamfest), Marietta, Georgia
Jun 13-14 Ham-Com, Regional ARRL Centennial Event, Plano, Texas
Jun 14 Western Pennsylvania ARES Emcomm Conference, Johnstown, Pennsylvania
Jun 14 Tennessee State Convention (Knoxville Hamfest), Knoxville, Tennessee
Jun 27-29 HAM RADIO International Exhibition for Radio Amateurs, Friedrichshafen, Germany
July 5 Eastern Pennsylvania Section Convention, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
July 9-12 Mobile Amateur Radio Awards National Convention, Visalia, California
July 17-19 ARRL National Centennial Convention, Hartford, Connecticut
July 18-19 Arizona State Convention, Williams, Arizona
July 18-20 Montana State Convention, East Glacier, Montana
July 24-27 Central States VHF Society Convention, Austin, Texas
July 25-26 Oklahoma State Convention, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Find conventions and hamfests in your area.
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NCJ -- National Contest Journal. Published bi-monthly, features articles by top contesters, letters, hints, statistics, scores, NA Sprint and QSO Parties.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
'The Black Rose' provides free music for Blameshift fans
Switching it up Blameshift's lead singer Jenny Mann has taken over more of the vocal work on the band's new EP giving it a more uniform sound. The new EP "The Black Rose" was released this month and is available for free download on the band's Facebook.
Josh Rouse
Blameshift, an alt-rock band out of New York, took a unique direction this month, using the social network Facebook to distribute its new EP, "The Black Rose," for free. It worked.
The band, which was recognized last year by Alternative Press Magazine as one of the "Best Unsigned Bands," seems to be taking the nation by storm. They have toured across the country including on the Vans Warped Tour and the AP Fall Tour. With the release of the new EP, close to 3,000 fans are getting a free taste of Blameshift's unique sound.
Behind the dynamic vocals of lead singer Jenny Mann, the band's catchy lyrics stand out against captivating drum beats by James Miller and excellent guitar work by Tim Barbour. With lines such as "What's hurting you is killing me," it's easy to see why this band has been as successful as it is so far.
Blameshift's style on this EP sounds similar to bands such as The Academy Is… and Fall Out Boy, perhaps for a reason. It was produced by Eric Ron in Hollywood, who has produced for such bands as VersaEmerge, Good Charlotte and Panic at the Disco. Barbour becomes less involved vocally than he has been in previous albums, with Mann taking over most of the singing duties, which helps give the songs a more uniform sound. For examples of the difference, check out Blameshift's other albums "Blameshift EP" and "The Test" on iTunes.
My favorite song on the album, by far, is "Killing Me," although all of the songs are catchy. It begins with a slightly electronic sound that draws the listener into the song with its eerie sound. Mann then begins singing with a light backbeat on the cymbals, which eventually builds to include guitar and a more concrete drumbeat.
What makes the song, however, is the chorus. Mann's voice is so powerful as she sings the lines "Desperate to make you see, it's more than just words I need you hear with me, you're facing disaster I think you should know, what's hurting you is killing me."
The only complaint I have with the EP is that it makes me want to hear more. Eighteen minutes of music simply isn't enough when you have a band of this quality. I need more.
To hear Blameshift's new EP, "The Black Rose," check them out at www.facebook.com/blameshift. You can hear more of their music on MySpace at www.myspace.com/blameshift.


WordPress runs well on Windows. Full Stop. Period.
Those are the words uttered by Microsoft's Andy Robb at WordCamp UK in Portsmouth last weekend as he took us through a journey through past, present and future.
Starting with the past, Andy conceded that previous versions of IIS (Microsoft's server software and rival to Apache) was certainly not adequate, relying on slow CGI and unreliable ISAPI.
With IIS 7 he says the situation is much improved. A default installation is now much more minimal, using a streamlined processing pipeline and FastCGI for dealing with PHP requests (much-needed for running WordPress sites).
From a cursory glance at some benchmarking discussions on the web it sounds as though IIS7 really holds it's weight against Apache servers now, especially with the latest versions of PHP. Andy's presentation, which you can see below, goes into more detail about the best IIS setups for working with WordPress.
As well as much improved server software, Microsoft has developed a tool to help with developing and deploying WordPress sites.
WebMatrix effectively provides you with a Windows server right on your PC with one-click install for WordPress. You can setup and configure your WordPress site and then easily publish that site to your 'live' WordPress server.
It's clear Microsoft are serious about WordPress having migrated over 30 million blogs from Windows Live to WordPress.com. They also have a site dedicated to WordPress and a blog where they cover all sorts of really interesting posts including features on WordPress.
So, will you be using WordPress on Windows?
Philip John: View a list of posts by this author.


Giorgio Ribaudo graduated in tourism management with a MBA at St. John's University (New York) and teaches Tourism Management at the University of Bologna, Faculty of Management.
Giorgio started in hotel operations in 1999 for both LHW and Best Western affiliated hotels and has supported and managed development projects for IHG, Aman, Jumeirah, Hashoo Group, Accor, Choice, Trenitalia, Alitalia, Costa Crociere, Todini Costruzioni, Carlyle, Morgan Stanley and others.
Giorgio has been responsible for hotel development and chain development projects, hotel start-up, assistance to newly created hotel consortia, business planning and commercial due diligence.
In his career within advisory for tourism development, Giorgio has assisted several tourism boards, government authorities and international institutions (World Bank, European Commission, Italian Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Tourism), in performing market analysis tourism development plans and promotional campaigns in Italy, Russia, Albania, France, Tunisia, Montenegro and Slovenia.
At Horwath HTL Italy, Giorgio is responsible for hotel development projects, market insights and field assistance to hospitality investors.


sweet, salty and chocolatey goodness.
My latest (and greatest) granola bar recipe. These are ridiculous!
This recipe came from my America's Test Kitchen Made From Scratch cookbook. I altered it a little and added chocolate of course but the essence is still the same.
Line a 9x13 inch pan with foil and spray with cooking spray.
Whisk together maple syrup, sugar and salt.
Process 1/2 cup of oats in food process or until finely ground.
Add oat flour to nuts, pumpkin seeds, sunflower seeds, coconut and remaining 1 1/2 cups oats.
Transfer mixture to prepared baking dish and use a greased metal spatula to press into pan.
 Bake 45 minutes at 300.
Cool in pan for 1 hour. Carefully lift granola out of pan using foil. Slice into bars.
I loved these crunchy, not to sweet oat filled bars of goodness.
 They were so good, I even wrapped a few for gifts.
Have I convinced you to try these yet? Good. My work here is done.


Sarah Calder is Director of the Law Clinic at ARU in Cambridge. She is a qualified lawyer with additional experience in the publishing and charity sectors.
Sarah is passionate about pro bono legal work for the benefits that it can bring to both the local community and also to law students, helping them to develop valuable practical legal skills.


This cake was made for a couple celebrating their first anniversary. The woman wanted to surprise her husband with a cake. It is made to look like the top tier of their wedding cake with the scroll design that they used throughout their wedding. This cake had a big journey ahead of it, all the way to Bar Harbor (a 5-6 hour ride)! I decided to make a dense marble cake so it could withstand the travel time. It was filled with chocolate buttercream and iced in vanilla buttercream. It made it to the final destination in one piece and was a nice surprise for the husband!


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It has been suggested that this article be moved to Grass Pokémon Tournament.
The Grass Tournament is an anime-exclusive competition held annually in Johto consisting of one-on-one battles. Competitors are allowed to enter only one Grass-type Pokémon. Each Pokémon Trainer fights for the prize, a trophy and a set of Leaf Stones.
The 45th annual Grass Tournament was featured in The Grass Route. Ash entered the tournament with his Bulbasaur, and Ephraim, a boy whom Ash met and told him about the tournament, entered with his Skiploom. Team Rocket also entered; James used his Victreebel, and Jessie, owning no Grass-type Pokémon, entered with Meowth, disguised as a Sunflora.
In the first round, Ephraim's Skiploom defeated James's Victreebel rather quickly. After winning in the first round, Ash's Bulbasaur was faring poorly in the second round against Meowth, who was doing surprisingly well, subduing Bulbasaur with its Scratch and Fury Swipes moves, until Bulbasaur's Razor Leaf shredded Meowth's costume. Meowth and Jessie were then disqualified, as Meowth is a Normal type.
Ultimately, Ash and Ephraim faced each other in the finals. Ash almost won the tournament, but Skiploom learned Solar Beam at the last moment and defeated Bulbasaur, thus gaining the victory.


Since a recent upgrade, all of the icons from the WebUI seem to be messed up or missing. Or, maybe, it's their descriptions that are messed up as the box seems to show, but there are no words in them.
If this is a new bug, I'll submit it, but I figured I'd check here first in case it's a known issue.
It's resolved. Not sure if it was an update, but they're back now.


This charming park is the home to the Gabrielino Picnic Area which is the only area for rental at the park. The other areas are first come, first served on any given day. The Gabrielino Picnic Area can hold up to 125 people and has one large and three small shelters, 8 to 12 tables and three barbeques. The shelter is available on a first come, first served with reservation and a $100 fee.


§ 1. BE it enacted by the Legislative Council and House of Representatives, and it is hereby enacted by the authority of the same, That from and after the first day of February next, all that part of the counties of Washington, Gibson and Knox, which is included within the following boundaries, shall form and constitute a new county, which shall be known and designated, by the name and style of the County of Orange; that is to say. Beginning on the Indian boundary line, where the range line dividing ranges two and three west of the second principal meridian intersects said boundary line; thence south with said range line until it intersects the line dividing the counties of Perry and Gibson; thence east with said line until it intersects the western boundary line of Harrison county; thence north with said line to the south-west corner of Washington county, and north-west comer of Harrison county; thence east with the line dividing Harrison and Washington counties, until it intersects the line dividing sections sixteen and seventeen in range two east, town one south ; thence north with said line dividing sections sixteen and seventeen to the Indian boundary line ; thence westwardly with the said Indian boundary line to the place of beginning.
§ 2. Be it further enacted, That the said county hereby formed and established, shall enjoy and exercise all the rights, privileges and jurisdictions which to separate counties of this Territory do or may properly appertain or belong : Provided always, That all suits, pleas, plaints, actions and proceedings, which may before the first day of February next have been commenced, instituted or depending within the present counties of Washington, Gibson and Knox, shall be prosecuted to final judgment and execution, in the same manner as if this act had never been passed, and that the Territorial and county taxes, which are now due within the boundaries of the new county hereby established, shall be collected in the same manner, and by the same officers as they would have been if this act had not passed.
§ 3. Be it further enacted, That until a court house shall be erected for the accommodation of the court, the courts for the said county of Orange, shall be held at the house of William Lindly, junior, in said Orange county.
§ 4. Be it further enacted, That Peter M'Intosh, Ignatius Able, Hiram Boon, Marston G. Clark and Samuel Jack, all of the counties of Washington and Harrison, be, and they are hereby appointed commissioners, to fix the seat of justice in said Orange county, who shall meet at the said William Lindly junior's, on the second Monday of February next, and proceed to fix the seat of justice for the said Orange county, agreeably to the provisions of an act for the fixing the seats of justice in all new counties hereafter to be laid off.
§ 5. Be it further enacted, That the said courts authorized to transact county business in the aforesaid new county, shall as soon as convenient after the seat of justice is fixed, cause the public buildings of said new county to be erected thereon, and shall adjourn the court thereto, so soon as the court house is in the estimation of the court sufficiently completed for the accommodation of the court.
§ 6. Be it further enacted, That the said Orange county is hereby declared to be and remain a part of the district for the election of counsellors composed of the counties of Washington and Knox, and in case of a vacancy for a counsellor, the associate judges of said county of Orange, shall have power to carry into effect the law regulating elections.


As always, begin by connecting to your server where Oracle is hosted, then connect to Oracle itself as the SYSTEM account.
The SYSTEM account is one of a handful of predefined administrative accounts generated automatically when Oracle is installed. SYSTEM is capable of most administrative tasks, but the task we're particularly interested in is account management.
Once connected as SYSTEM, simply issue the CREATE USER command to generate a new account.
Here we're simply creating a books_admin account that is IDENTIFIED or authenticated by the specified password.
With our new books_admin account created, we can now begin adding privileges to the account using the GRANT statement. GRANT is a very powerful statement with many possible options, but the core functionality is to manage the privileges of both users and roles throughout the database.
In some cases to create a more powerful user, you may also consider adding the RESOURCE role (allowing the user to create named types for custom schemas) or even the DBA role, which allows the user to not only create custom named types but alter and destroy them as well.
Next you'll want to ensure the user has privileges to actually connect to the database and create a session using GRANT CREATE SESSION. We'll also combine that with all privileges using GRANT ANY PRIVILEGES.
While not typically necessary in newer versions of Oracle, some older installations may require that you manually specify the access rights the new user has to a specific schema and database tables.
This ensures that books_admin can perform the four basic statements for the books table that is part of the schema schema.


Sheena Walker is an internationally known speech coach and performance consultant. A rich history of applying proven strategies to her client's business, careers, and life; Sheena is renowned within the fields of Business Development, International Speech Coaching, Public Speaking and Performance Coaching. Sheena's leadership within HR roles has led to her personal success, which aided in channeling her passion for helping others— accelerating the brand success of established firms by pushing and breaking previous performance boundaries. Sheena's coaching background has roots in performance sports and while seamlessly transitioning this learned experience into the realm of speech coaching, Sheena still seeks out mentorship from the world's leading pioneers in Business and Public Speaking. Her proactive approach to self study and complete immersion within related industries, allows Sheena to deliver cutting edge strategies to her clients. Sheena Walker wants to position her clients in authority roles in their respective industries. She is a licensed practitioner of Neuro-linguistic Programing (NLP), holds a B.A in Business Training & Development Education, a certified Tony-Robbins- Advanced Strategic Performance Coach and is the founder of Pitch Perfect Speaking System™ SPEAKING... Sheena is a globally renowned performance consultant who takes Olympic winning strategies and helps her clients apply them to their career, business and life! She's a highly respected "Business Development Professional, International Speech Coach and Public Speaker". Sheena speaks on Performance Management and Performance Coaching, Public Speaking Training, leadership HR and personal success related topics. Connect with Sheena now to talk about your next event! SERVICES... Are you the CEO or Manager or an Elite Sports Professional? Achieving your desired results fast is possible with The Champion's Academy! Special Olympian coach Sheena Walker, B.A. uses established business techniques to transform your staff into Corporate Olympic Athletes; resulting in demonstrable business benefits. The Corporate Champion's Academy can heighten performance levels and develop passion for a wide range of skills and unique tools. These quantifiable techniques will prove to be an instrumental asset to your company. The experience Sheena has gained during her time in top-level sports offers up a winning advantage to her clients, resulting in an optimal environment for her target audience. Sheena understands that every organisation has their own unique goals, and faces different challenges. Her game plan involves working with business leaders and defining specific performance objectives. Developing performance improvement programs, which are addressed to each company's individual needs and objectives is integral to her delivery process.
It's not what you do its the way that you do it is the phrase that comes to mind when I hear Sheena address an audience . Her personable , passionate and energetic style is wonderful and Sheena makes great use of stories to deliver key messages to motivate and empower her audience . I have shared the same stage as Sheena and I have seen first hand the positivity that radiates from her not only to her audience but also to partnering speakers .
It is a privilege to know Sheena! She uses her talents and gifts to help others find passion and purpose in their lives. Sheena is one of those few persons that every time I talk with her I come out uplifted and happy; I specially admire the fact that she is easy to approach and works WITH YOU in finding solutions based on values important to you. I highly recommend Sheena to everyone interested in finding a deeper understanding of who they are and who they could become.
"an incredible speaker and an inspiration to all."
Sheena is not only a truly unbelievable person; she is also a top performer, an amazing coach, and a fabulous friend. I met Sheena back in 2013 and since we have grown to become colleagues in a fast changing world, two continents apart. When you talk about passion, public speaking and performance, you need to know Sheena has the tools and ideas to help you grow. She is the kind of person that will allow you to think differently, to generate ideas and to be positive. And above all, she is also an incredible speaker and an inspiration to all.


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MTB Events
Types of Mountain Bike Events
Cross-Country (XC): Cross-country races are held on wooded loops, varying in distance from 5 to 9 miles. One's ability, age and gender determine how many laps to race. Juniors and beginners usually race 45 minutes to 1 hour, sports and most women race 1 to 1.5 hours, and elite juniors, experts, semi-pros and pros race for 2-2.5 hours.Professional races usually last two hours and range from 22-28 miles for the men and 16-22 miles for the women. Racers pass through the start/finish area at the start of each lap.
Unlike road cycling, riders must repair flat tires and other mechanical problems on their own. Riders usually carry one tire tube and an inflating system with them in their jersey during a race and may take water bottles and energy food from their team staff in the feed zone only. In the summer, cross-country racers usually wear a short-sleeved jersey, cycling shorts, a helmet, glasses, gloves, and cycling shoes.
Marathon: Marathon racing is a relatively new discipline, but it harkens back to the epic races of old; courses usually 100 kilometers long and often are point-to-point or single-loop races. Like their running namesake, marathon mountain bike races are grueling tests of endurance.
Short Track Cross-Country (STXC): Similar to a road cycling criterium, the short track cross-country is a short circuit, mass start event. The course is usually three-quarters of a mile and winds through the central part of the race venue. The race is approximately 20 minutes long and does not have a specific number of laps. The lead riders usually change throughout the race, with the strongest racers taking the helm as the race winds down. During the race, riders falling more than one-half lap behind the race leader are usually pulled.
Downhill (DH): Considered a true gravity race, the downhill is a time trial event that requires riders to maneuver over a sustained descending course. Competitors typically depart the start line in timed intervals usually 30 seconds apart. Professional downhill course times can range from 4-8 minutes, depending on the course. On their way to the finish line, racers face several challenges, including logs, boulders, tight single track and roots. The racer with the fastest time is the winner. Because of the added chance for injury, downhill racers usually wear chest, elbow and knee protection pads, in addition to the items worn by cross-country riders. Downhill helmets are different than cross-country ones in that they are designed more like motorcycle helmets.
Dual Slalom (DS):Like slalom ski races, the dual slalom sends two competitors head to head down two parallel slalom courses. The two courses are as identical as possible, with an average time differential of less than one second. Competitors are given the opportunity to ride each of the courses once. The rider with the lowest combined time is the winner of that heat. Riders who win the heat advance to the next round. Courses usually consist of tight, twisty turns, berms, and jumps. Because of the jumps, dual slalom also offers racers a chance to show off their talents in the air.
Mountain Cross (4X): Mountain Cross, the newest of mountain bike disciplines, pits four riders against each other in a head-to-head manner. Sometimes referred to as Four-Cross, a group of four riders begin together at the top of a technical, challenging and sometimes dangerous course. The first two riders to cross the finish line advance to the next round. Similar to dual slalom, courses are short and consist of jumps, berms and tight, twisty turns.
Observed Trials (OT): Riders attempt to negotiate an obstacle course without putting down a foot or using a hand for balance. Observed trials courses usually include mud, rocks, water, or other natural hurdles.


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Apple Nicknamed "Poison Apple" By Suppliers As iPhone Demand Becomes Unpredictable
By Killian Bell • 5:33 am, April 22, 2013
Apple's hard-to-meet high standards and its low price expectations have earned it the nickname "Poison Apple" with Asian suppliers, who say they are feeling the affects of decreasing demand of the iPhone. Several have told Reuters that they are trying to reduce their reliance on Apple amid increasing competition from companies like Samsung.
This Could Be The Front-Facing Camera For The iPhone 5S [Image]
We're pretty confident the iPhone 5S will look almost identical to the iPhone 5, but its insides are likely to be a little different. Recent rumors have claimed Apple could add a faster processor to the device, along with fingerprint technology and improved cameras. And one of those cameras may have been leaked.
The picture above shows what is believed to be a front-facing camera for the iPhone 5S.
WSJ: Foxconn Now Recruiting In Preparation For The iPhone 5S
Foxconn has begun taking on new workers as it prepares to begin production of Apple's next iPhone, according to two seperate reports from Bloomberg and The Wall Street Journal.
The company has added to its numbers at an iPhone plant in Zhengzhou, eastern China, ending a freeze on recruitment that was implemented back in February. The new workers will reportedly assemble the upcoming "iPhone 5S," as well as existing models that Apple has requested to boost capacity, a supply chain source said.
iPhone 5S Components To Begin Shipping In May Ahead Of A Q3 Launch [Rumor]
By Killian Bell • 6:16 am, March 21, 2013
Apple's suppliers are to begin shipping components for the next-generation iPhone by the end of May, ready for the handset's launch during the third-quarter of 2013, according to sources in the supply chain. As suspected, the device won't be a major upgrade, the sources claim, but rather a "slightly enhanced" version of the iPhone 5 that's likely to be called the iPhone 5S.
Apple's Share Price Slides Following Report Of iPhone 5 Component Cuts
By Killian Bell • 8:28 am, January 14, 2013
Apple's share price has plummeted this morning, following an earlier report that said the Cupertino company had cut iPhone 5 component orders due to weaker-than-expected demand. When the market opening on Monday morning, Apple stock dropped to $16.23, or 3.1%, to $504.07.


Jesse Butler - Smithers Real Estate - Why Sell with Me?
Why Sell With Jesse Butler?
The world is changing and so is the way people buy houses. This is why it is essential to stay up to date with contemporary marketing platforms. No longer is newspaper advertising sufficient. With the rise of the internet and social media we know that there are many places people look to buy a home.
Because Buyers typically begin their search online we know amazing photos go a long way to peak interest and attract multiple offers. We use professional equipment and photo editing software to give your listing the best possible online presence.
I started selling Real Estate at the young age of 21. Working in real estate since 2006 I have experienced hundreds of transactions. I am a top producing Realtor in our BC Northern Real Estate Board and have won multiple MLS awards. I bring lots of energy to the table and enjoy keeping quick contact with my clients.
When you list your property through me you will get the benefit of more talent. Having an licensed assistant helps keep me organized, efficient, and able to give your listing extra attention.
Managing the sale of your home requires a great deal of trust. That is why I am committed from the beginning to speaking truthfully in all business matters. Open disclosure and good communication go a long way to make selling your home through me a positive transaction.


LAWMA RECRUITMENT – This is to inform the general public and all interested Applicants the Lagos Waste Management Authority is now seeking applications from suitably qualified & experienced Nigerians to fill their job vacancies. Note that the job is open for both graduates and non-graduates.
The Lagos Waste Management Authority(LAWMA), formerly known as Lagos State Refuse Disposal Board (LSRDB) at inception was established in 1977 vide Edict No. 9 of 1977 when it was glaring during Nigeria's preparation for Festival of Arts and Culture (Festac '77) that the then two Local Government Councils, namely Lagos Island, and Lagos Mainland, could not cope with the volume of waste resulting from the oil-boom stimulated economy and its attendant influence on migrants into the new capital city from the rural and less developed areas of Nigeria and neighboring West African countries.
How can I apply for LAWMA Recruitment 2017/2018 Application Form?
The official LAWMA Recruitment Portal?
When will LAWMA start their Recruitment?
Is the LAWMA Recruitment 2017/2018 Application Form out?
The right information you need is here and we are very pleased to inform all aspirant that the Lagos Waste Management Authority Recruitment form shall be coming up soon.
So before we go, here is all you need to know about the upcoming Lagos Waste Management Authority Recruitment.
Note that – currently, The Lagos Waste Management Authority Recruitment application form is not yet online, disregard any form of adverts you come across.
If you want us to update you about the right time to apply for Lagos Waste Management Authority Recruitment application form, Kindly drop your phone number or email address in the comment box. Also don't forget to share this information with your friends on Facebook, Twitter, WhatsApp using the share buttons below.


text:
Nationalist arguments depend on a strange misunderstanding of the word "country"
I keep coming across independence supporters with the rather strange idea that the UK, commonly also called Britain, is not a country. They think that the UK is composed of four countries, but that the UK is not itself a country.
I think the reason for this odd viewpoint is partly that Scottish nationalists dislike the UK. They certainly don't wish to be a part of it. If the UK were really not a country, it would make more sense to break it up and there would be less justification for maintaining it.
It's true that not every union of countries is itself a country. The United Nations is not a country, nor at least for the moment is the European Union. But in what way does the United Nations differ from the United Kingdom? The main way is that, almost without exception, the United Nations is made up of independent sovereign nation states. If that were the case with the United Kingdom there would be no need for us to be having a referendum on independence. Although Scotland is a nation, we are not at present a nation state. Anyone who doubts this should check the dictionary. According to the OED a nation state is:
An independent political state formed from a people who share a common national identity (historically, culturally, or ethnically); (more generally) any independent political state.
Scotland would become a nation state if and when we became independent. But you clearly can't become what you already are.
If Scotland is not a nation state, then obviously neither is England, nor Wales, nor Northern Ireland. So the question arises do we live in a nation state at all? Is the United Kingdom one of those unusual exceptions that are members of the United Nations, but which are not independent sovereign nation states? Have we been living all our lives as stateless individuals without realising it? If Scotland became independent would the poor people left living in the United Kingdom not even be living in a nation state? This is absurd. Clearly and self-evidently the UK is a nation state.
The United Kingdom is a rather unusual nation state in that it has parts which are usually described as nations or countries. Thus it is necessary to make use of the distinction between "nation state" and "nation" in describing for examples England's relationship to the UK. England is a nation which is part of a nation state. In other nation states there are a wide variety of conventions and words to describe the parts of the nation state. Usage varies, but where there is no danger of ambiguity it is common to describe nation states simply as nations. Thus we have the OED definition of nation:
A people or group of peoples; a political state.
A large aggregate of communities and individuals united by factors such as common descent, language, culture, history, or occupation of the same territory, so as to form a distinct people. Now also: such a people forming a political state; a political state. (In early use also in pl.: a country.)
The United Kingdom is a nation just as Germany is a nation, France is a nation and Italy is a nation. Each of these nations is formed from places that were once independent nation states (England, Saxony, Burgundy and Sicily). How English, Saxon, Burgundian and Sicilian people describe where they live, may be affected by whether or not they wish to regain that independence, or it may simply reflect the linguistic usage of the language they speak, but the reality is the same. England is to the UK as Saxony is to Germany.
The UK clearly fits the definition of a nation. But notice the little part in brackets at the end of the definition. What this means is that nations are usually also described as countries. The OED definition of country is as follows:
The land of a person's birth, citizenship, residence, etc.; one's homeland.
Well I am at present a citizen of the United Kingdom. I'm not a citizen of Scotland and could not become one until and unless Scotland became an independent sovereign nation state. But it's clearly correct to say that Scotland is a country. This is how we typically use the word in English. It is incorrect to describe Scotland as a region. We use that word to describe places like Grampian or Tayside. The OED recognises that we use the word country in different senses. Thus it also defines country as:
The territory of a nation; a region constituting an independent state, or a region, province, etc., which was once independent and is still distinct in institutions, language, etc.
The word country is normally used to describe independent nation states. But can also be used to describe parts of such states.
It is clearly absurd and a simple misunderstanding of ordinary words to suppose that the United Kingdom is not a country. Moreover it does not follow from the fact that Scotland is a nation and a country that we should become an independent nation and country. That argument is obviously circular and depends on the conflation of the different senses of the words "country" and "nation."
The fact that Scotland once was independent does not imply that we ought once more to be independent. Scotland's situation as part of the UK is not historically unusual, but rather is the norm. Nearly every European country including Scotland is made up of places that once were independent. If everywhere in Europe that once was independent became so again there would be literally hundreds of tiny countries including five or six within the present boundaries of Scotland.
There may or may not be a good reason to create an international border between England and Scotland, but it ought not to be because of a muddled understanding of ordinary words and a peculiar sense of Scottish exceptionalism in the context of the development of the modern nation state in Europe.
Labels: Scottish independence, Scottish independence referendum, Scottish National Party, Scottish Politics, United Kingdom
A summary with two months to go
We're approaching the end of the longest political campaign any of us can remember. I suspect the result is already determined and that it would make no difference if the referendum were next week or in two months. However, there are some Scots who have yet to make up their minds and there is a lot of confusion because the claims of both sides are so contradictory. Here's what I think of the main issues.
I follow polls and I'm pleased when my side appears to do well and less pleased when my side appears to do less well. However, I try my best not to be too bothered by them either way. Anyway it's best to campaign as if you were behind and never to say "we're way ahead", "it's over" and "we're going to win easily." Complacency is the biggest danger to No, continuing to fight hard is the best chance for Yes.
There's a systematic error in the polling. Someone is wrong. The No lead can't be both small (Survation) and large (Yougov). There's not much point debating something, which the facts will determine on September 19th. But it's best to campaign as if the lead were small and try to make it larger.
Scotland will remain a relatively wealthy Western European economy whatever the result of the referendum. Wealth comes from the activities of people and more or less the same people will probably be here next year. Independence would neither be an economic disaster nor would the streets be made of gold. An independent Scotland's extra share of oil revenue would be more or less cancelled out by the loss of economies of scale and UK government funding (Barnett formula). Whether independent or not, how Scotland fairs economically in the future depends on the sorts of choices politicians make. The best choice politicians can make is to interfere as little as possible in the market. I don't believe however, that this is the route that an independent Scotland would take at least initially and for this reason economically independence might be damaging at least in the short term.
International relations are frequently carried out ambiguously. Diplomacy is often a matter of trying to please both sides. It's considered poor form to interfere too much in a country's internal affairs. However, when someone like Jean-Claude Juncker says that he's not planning to expand the EU beyond 28 countries, of course, he's also talking about Scotland. His office might deny that he is, because it would be interfering, but these sorts of remarks are calculated. The EU does not want secession to take off in Western Europe like it has in Eastern Europe. Changing international boundaries is historically problematic and can lead to unforeseen, unintended consequences. It is the opposite direction to the one Mr Juncker wants Europe to go.
What matters anyway is not whether Scotland is in the EU, but that we have the same EU status as the UK. If they voted to leave (I think they won't in the end), we would have to go with them whether independent or not. Scotland is too integrated into the UK economy to be able to be in the EU while the UK is not.
The lesson of the Eurozone is that currency union without political and fiscal union does not work. When countries become independent, even tiny ones like Latvia, the norm is that they set up their own currencies. Using the pound without a currency union would send Scotland's financial sector down south, along with the associated jobs and wealth and would mean that our savings lacked a lender of last resort. The best option for an independent Scotland would be to set up its own currency. This however would be damaging to Scotland's trade and integration into the UK economy.
Lots of Scots did not appreciate George Osborne & co. saying that we could not keep the pound after independence. Did they mean it? There's no way of knowing until and unless negotiations begin after a vote for independence. You take your pick according to what you want to believe and which side of the debate you support. These matters however, in the end are determined by self-interest and public opinion. Anyone who thinks the other parts of the UK are going to vote for a Eurozone style currency union with Scotland after rejecting it with the EU, does not understand their fellow citizens.
With a short time to go it is more and more important that when campaigning we do nothing that harms the image of the side we support. Don't hate or insult the sort of people you meet every day in shops, on the bus or at work. I find it best simply to ignore any insulting language online. We're all very passionate about the issues and we've all said things that are unkind. That's the nature of politics. But there are lots of good people on both sides and it's possible to have reasonable, informed conversations with them. You often learn something too and make friends.
Independence is clearly possible. The issue is whether it is the best course of action for Scotland. Many independence supporters want independence as an ideal in itself. They want it come what may. The rest of us have to balance up the advantages and disadvantages of what we think would happen. There is much that is uncertain, especially with regard to the key issues of currency and the EU. How someone is liable to vote may be influenced by their attitude to risk. Scotland is a great place to live now. It's a great place, at least in part, because we've been in the UK for the last 300 years. No doubt Scotland would still be a great place to live after independence, but that Scotland is another country where I have never lived a new nation state with an international relationship with places I have always thought of as part of my home.
Labels: Currency Union, EU, European Union, Pound, Scottish independence referendum, Scottish National Party, Scottish Politics
A parable about wind
There was once a house shared by four old friends, Shona, Elizabeth, Wyn and Niamh. They had lived together for a long time. They all spoke the same language, with slightly different accents, and had broadly similar attitudes and cultures. Over time some friction developed in this house, primarily over bills, how to share out money and how to run the house. Shona decided to leave. But did Shona now want to live on her own? On the contrary, she now wanted to live in a large dormitory, containing not only her former housemates, but also people with very different languages and cultures. The residents of the dormitory wondered whether they really wanted such a fractious new dormitory member. If Shona could not bear to live in the same house as her English speaking former housemates, would she not be a source of trouble and disharmony in the dormitory? If English speakers could not bear to live together what example would that set to the Spanish speakers or the German speakers? The members of the dormitory got together to decide if they should let Shona come and live there. They elected a Luxembourger whose name sounded like rubbish but whose advice was anything but. He looked in an old book and found a proverb saying sorry Shona "She who troubleth her own house shall inherit the wind."
Labels: European Union, Scottish independence referendum, Scottish National Party, Scottish Politics, United Kingdom
Nationalist arguments depend on a strange misunder...


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What does Castile mean in Spanish?
Spanish Cas·ti·lla [kahs-tee-lyah, -yah]. /kɑsˈti lyɑ, -yɑ/. a former kingdom comprising most of Spain. Also called Castile soap . a variety of mild soap, made from olive oil and sodium hydroxide.
Where does the name Castilla come from?
The Castilla family name was found in the USA, the UK, and Scotland between 1851 and 1920. The most Castilla families were found in the USA in 1920. In 1880 there were 18 Castilla families living in Texas. This was about 22% of all the recorded Castilla's in the USA.
What is the meaning of Castilla La Mancha?
Castilla–La Mancha (UK: /kæˌstiːjə læ ˈmæntʃə/, US: /- lɑː ˈmɑːntʃə/, Spanish: [kasˈtiʎa la ˈmantʃa] (listen)), or Castile–La Mancha, is an autonomous community of Spain. Comprised by the provinces of Albacete, Ciudad Real, Cuenca, Guadalajara and Toledo, it was created in 1982.
Who was General Castilla?
Castilla was a man of strong and progressive views, and commerce began to flourish under his guidance. General Castilla deserves to be better known; but this is not the place to speak of him at any length.
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What does Castilla mean? definition, meaning and au…
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According to 2 sources
Castilla - definition of Castilla by The Free Dictionary
https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Castilla
Noun. 1. Castilla - a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479. Castile. Espana, Kingdom of Spain, Spain - a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the …
Castilla Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com
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Castilla definition, Peruvian general and statesman: president of Peru 1845–51 and 1855–62. See more.
Castilla | Spanish to English Translation - SpanishDict
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proper noun. 1. (region in Spain) a. Castile. Durante un tiempo, el poder en Castilla lo compartieron cinco familias. At one time, power in Castile was shared by five different …
What does Castilla mean? definition, meaning and audio
The noun CASTILLA has 1 sense: 1. a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479. Familiarity information: CASTILLA used as a noun is very rare.
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Castilla Name Meaning. Spanish: regional name for someone from Castile (Spanish Castilla) in Spain. An independent kingdom between the 10th and 15th centuries, it formed the largest power in the Iberian peninsula. The name derives from the many castles in the region.
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Spain The name Castilla is derived from the Late Latin word "castellum," which meant a fortified building (a castle), a set of buildings or even a village. The region of Castilla in central Spain, an independent kingdom from the 11th to the 16th century, was so named because of the many castles located there. Early Origins of the Castilla family
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Definitions and Meaning of Castilla in English Castilla noun. a region of central Spain; a former kingdom that comprised most of modern Spain and united with Aragon to form Spain in 1479 Synonyms : Castile
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Castilla ( Spanish kasˈtiʎa) / ( kæˈstiːl) /. noun. a former kingdom comprising most of modern Spain: originally part of León, it became an independent kingdom in the 10th century and …
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Ohio father Eric Warfel is charged with abuse of a corpse after a cable installer found a baby girl dead in her crib in his apartment. The baby is said to be Warfel's daughter, 1-year-old Ember Warfel. NBC News shared the details on Thursday.
Reports indicate that the cable installer was working in Warfel's apartment on Wednesday when a "badly decomposed" body was found in a crib. The installer notified the police, who arrested Eric Warfel at a Westlake, Ohio shopping center. Warfel was with his 7-year-old daughter at the shopping center, and she is now with her grandparents. The mother of the two girls, Warfel's ex-wife, is said to live in New York.
An autopsy will be performed on the baby's body to determine a cause of death. Eric Warfel is charged with a fifth-degree felony for abuse of a corpse, though additional charges are expected to come as the investigation continues. Warfel appeared in court where the judge set bond for $1 million. The judge indicated a concern that Warfel could be a flight risk.
Warfel told authorities that Ember died around June 18. The man tried to hide the baby's death from the rest of the family and admits that he even put trash in the bedroom to cover the smell of her decomposition. Reports indicate that this is not the first child of Warfel's that has died. A 5-month-old child named Erin Delynn Warfel died of "sudden unexplained infant death" in March 2013.
According to WPTV, authorities will be taking another look at Erin's death in the light of Ember's death. Reports indicate that Eric Warfel had not been staying in the apartment, but rather he had been living in a motel. Drugs are said to have been found in his motel room.
The building where the apartment was had been getting new Internet modems, and Warfel had been avoiding the cable installer appointment. ABC 5 indicates that Warfel had agreed to an appointment for Wednesday and that is when the girl's body was found. It seems that Ember's mother learned of the baby's death from police after authorities found the child. The couple is divorced, though few other details about the family have been revealed.
Though Eric Warfel was charged with one count related to the child's death, the investigation continues and more charges are believed to be coming. Many will be interested to learn more from authorities as the details surrounding the death of Ember Warfel are revealed. The case has been a shocking one for those following the story and the neighbors are said to be stunned.


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"Alabama Launchpad is a great opportunity for early-stage companies across the state looking for capital, exposure and valuable mentoring. We're proud to showcase and help new ventures succeed."
Our Board is comprised of some of the best and brightest leaders in Alabama. Many of our members either run, or have run successful companies of their own, or support our economic mission through related platforms, like education. One thing unites all of them, however: and that's a passion for the state and a shared belief in its current strengths and the vibrancy of its future.
Foundation Board Chairman, HOME Place Farms, Inc.
Mr. Sanford has been involved with various economic development efforts for years. He chairs the Auburn Research and Technology Foundation, co-chairs the Prattville Area Chamber of Commerce Economic Development Committee, and directs the Autauga County United Way. He is a former Chairman of the Birmingham Branch Board of the Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta and is a trustee of Auburn University. He brings extensive knowledge and leadership to the EDPA Foundation.
Mr. Powers is active in numerous regional and statewide organizations including the Eufaula County Chamber of Commerce, Business Council of Alabama, and the ASRA Task Force for Pre-K education. He has been on the board of directors of the Alabama Power Company since 1992. Mr. Powers graduated from West Point and received his MBA from the University of Chicago. He is an advocate for proven education and workforce initiatives.
Mr. Hudson founded Research Genetics in Huntsville in 1987 and served as CEO until the company merged with Invitrogen in a deal valued at $138 million. Prior to the merger, Research Genetics had become the world's leader in genetic linkage materials and an integral partner in the Human Genome Project. He co-founded the Hudson Alpha Institute in 2007, which pioneers genetic-based medical research.
Arthur J. Tipton, Ph.D., assumed the role of president and CEO of Southern Research on July 1, 2013. Previously, he worked in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries for 25 years, participating in the growth aspects of three start-up companies, one that went public and two acquired by public companies. The company he founded in 2005 as an SR spin-out company – Brookwood Pharmaceuticals – was acquired by SurModics in August 2007, then by Evonik in November 2011. At Evonik, Tipton served as senior vice president of the Birmingham division and also led the company's global drug delivery program. Dr.Tipton holds 44 issued U.S. patents.
CEO, President of the Board, ADTRAN, Inc.
Tom Stanton was named ADTRAN's Chief Executive Officer in September 2005 and named Chairman of the Board in 2007. Tom joined ADTRAN in 1995 as Vice President of Marketing for the Carrier Networks (CN) Division. Since that time, he has held a number of senior management positions within the company including Senior Vice President and General Manager of the CN Division. Prior to joining ADTRAN, he served as Vice President of Marketing and Engineering at Transcrypt International and held several senior management positions with E. F. Johnson Company.


The C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) uses six notes per octave. Because of this same reason it is a member of the so called Hexatonic -scales that have Six-note (or Six-tone). On the piano keyboard, it is made up of two black keys: Eb, and Bb and three white keys: C, F, and G. This combination makes this scale - as well as the C Raga Abheri, C Raga Abhogi, and C Raga Adana - as great choices for composing or improvising Indian music.
If we take a look a the key signature of the C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) Scale we can find it has two flats and no sharps. Therefore, on sheet music you will find two accidentals on the score. The notes of this scale are: C, Eb, F, G, and Bb.
How to play the C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) scale?
To play the C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) on your piano, start on the Root note. Play C, the first note of the scale.
Continue with rest of the notes that shape the scale, play Eb, F, G, and Bb.
Return to the home of the C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) scale. Play again C -the tonic of the scale- to mark its ending.
Go down. Play Bb, G, F, and Eb.
Reach the home again. Establish tonality by playing the tonic of the C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) scale: C.
Tip. If you want to learn how to improvise or compose your own music using the C Raga Suddha Dhanyasi (Dhani) scale or any other scale, check out our piano improvisation and composition lessons and enjoy thousands of interactive multimedia piano animations.