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After an extensive tenure of 6 years, Justice S. Abdul Nazeer retires today. During this time, Justice Nazeer had been a part of some path-breaking decisions such as- Right to Privacy, Triple Talaq, Ayodhya verdict etc. Justice Nazeer has also been the part of the Constitution Bench which decided upon the validity of Central Govt's 2016 Demonetisation Scheme.
Published on January 4, 2023 January 4, 2023 By Editor
"Power of judicial review under Arts. 226/227 of the Constitution is an essential feature of the Constitution which can neither be tinkered with, nor eroded."
Justice S. Abdul Nazeer
JBharati Reddy v. State of Karnataka, (2018) 12 SCC 61
A new year has dawned, but there is no rest for the Supreme Court. If last year was anything to go by in terms of 'busyness', this year promises to be no different. With 5 Judges recommended and awaiting a final nod for appointment, 2023 will also see 9 Judges retiring1, which is one more from last year [with the months of May and June being particularly cruel!] A number this high will have the observers closely noting the appointment process, as 9 retirements in a single year will surely affect the judicial strength of the Supreme Court, which rose to 28 out of 34 in 2022.
This year begins with the Supreme Court bidding adieu to Justice S. Abdul Nazeer, who retires today, after a tenure of 6 years as a Supreme Court Judge. His retirement brings down the Judges' strength to 27 out of 34, which however, is another matter, because today it is not about judicial vacancies, but about reminiscing and celebrating Justice Nazeer's legal career so far.
In order to do the same, we have attempted a recapitulation of his life, career and several of his landmark decisions.
Early Life, Education and Advocacy
Justice S. Abdul Nazeer was born on 05-01-19582in Beluvai near Moodbidri. Justice Nazeer obtained his B.Com degree from Mahaveera College, Moodbidri3. He studied law in Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara Law College, Mangalore.
After obtaining his law degree, Justice Nazeer enrolled as an advocate on 18-02-1983. He practiced for 20 years in the Karnataka High Court.
Judgeship of the High Courts [2003-2017]
He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the Karnataka High Court on May 12, 2003 and was made a Permanent Judge in September 20044.
Notable Judgements at High Court
Pilla Akkayyamma v. Channappa, 2015 SCC OnLine Kar 8226
"Animus possidendi as is well known, is a requisite ingredient of adverse possession. Mere possession does not ripen into possessory title until the possessor holds the property adverse to the title of the true owner for the said purpose."
Justice Abdul Nazeer, while deciding a suit for possession on the basis of title, held that the defendants have failed to establish that they have adverse possession in respect of the said properties. The Court while deciding the matter opined that
"The concept of adverse possession contemplates a hostile possession i.e. a possession which is expressly or impliedly in denial of the title of the true owner. Possession to be adverse must be possession by a person, who does not acknowledge others' rights but denies them. Possession implies dominion and control and the consciousness in the mind of the person having dominion over an object that he has it and can exercise it. Mere possession of the land would not ripen into possessory title. Possessor must have animus possidendi and hold the land adverse to the title of the true owner. Occupation only implies bare use of the land without any right to retain it."
*Did You Know? The 5-judge bench in Ram Janmabhumi Temple Case– M. Siddiq (Ram Janmabhumi Temple-5 J.) v Suresh Das, (2020) 1 SCC 1, approved the Adverse Possession Rules as discussed in this case.
K. Raju v. Bangalore Development Authority, 2010 SCC OnLine Kar 4322
"…the power to cancel the deed vests with a Court and it cannot be exercised by the vendor of a property."
Abdul Nazeer J., while hearing a petition filed challenging the cancellation of a 'G' category site involving former minister Kumar Bangarappa, discussed about execution and cancellation of sale deed and observed that
"…when the sale deed executed and registered, the owner completely loses his right over the property and the purchaser becomes the absolute owner. It cannot be nullified by executing a deed of cancellation because by execution and registration of a sale deed, the properties are being vested in the purchaser and the title cannot be divested by mere execution of a deed of cancellation. Therefore, even by consent or agreement between the purchaser and the vendor, the said sale deed cannot be annulled. If the purchaser wants to give back the property, it has to be by another deed of conveyance."
The Court held that State Government has no power or authority to direct the Bangalore Development Authority to allot sites under the Bangalore Development Authority Act, 1976 or the rules.
Noel Lewis Pinto v. Shalet D'souza, 2017 SCC OnLine Kar 367
A Division bench of S. Abdul Nazeer and K.S. Mudagal JJ., while upholding the judgment of trial Court awarding alimony of Rs. 7,50,000/- to the wife, observed that thought the respondent restricted his appeal only to the relief of alimony, but the findings of trial Court that the respondent is guilty of desertion, cruelty, rape, sodomy and bestiality will still operate against him.
Divya Ramesh v. N.S. Kiran, 2017 SCC OnLine Kar 761
A Division bench of S. Abdul Nazeer and K.S. Mudagal JJ., observed that giving regard to the up-bringing, level of sensitivity, educational, family and cultural background, financial position and social status of the petitioner, the conduct of the respondent amounts to cruelty and cannot be called as mere abusing, shouting or nagging or a normal wear and tear of a marital life. Moreover, when the respondent tried to snatch means of sustenance of the petitioner, it amounted to deprivation of her right to life which amounts to violation of human rights
Allowing the petition of the appellant under Section 13(1)(i)(a) of The Hindu Marriage Act, the Court held that he approach of the trial Court in appreciating the evidence with reference to Section 13(1)(1a) of the Act was incorrect and directed the respondent to pay permanent alimony of Rs. 50,00,000/- to the petitioner and maintenance of Rs. 50,00,000/- to his daughter.
Deepak Apparels (P) Ltd. v. City Union Bank Ltd., 2016 SCC OnLine Kar 686
While deciding the present petition wherein the issue was that whether a writ petition challenging an order passed by the Debts Recovery Tribunal (DRT) while disposing an appeal filed under Section 17 of the SARFAESI Act, 2002, is maintainable, especially when Section 18 of the 2002 Act offers the alternative remedy, a three judge Bench comprising of S.A. Nazeer, A.B. Hinchigeri and A.N. Venugopala Gowda*, JJ., held that unless the Court is convinced that a case falls under exceptional circumstances, any writ petition challenging the order passed by the DRT while exercising its jurisdiction under Section 17, cannot be entertained by the High Courts in the light of the mandate of Article 141 of the Constitution.
Vidya Ramakrishnaiah v. R.N. Vikram, 2004 SCC OnLine Kar 360
"…when a spouse makes complaint about the treatment of cruelty by the partner in life or relations, the Court should not search for standard in life."
A Division bench presided by Justice S. Abdul Nazeer, deciding whether the conclusion reached by the Family Court that the respondent has made out a case for dissolution of marriage on the ground that the appellant has treated him with cruelty, held that the Family Court was justified in recording with finding that the appellant had treated the respondent with cruelty and it is clear that the appellant is not interested in retaining the marriage.
The Supreme Court [2017-2023]
After a tenure of 14 years as a Judge of the Karnataka High Court, Justice Nazeer was elevated as a Judge of the Supreme Court on 17-02-20175.
*Did You Know? Justice S. Abdul Nazeer is the third judge to be directly elevated to the Supreme Court without serving as a Chief Justice of a High Court6.
Notable Judgements at Supreme Court
*Did you Know? Justice Nazeer has been a part of 700+ Supreme Court cases and has authored 80+ judgments7.
Demonetisation Verdict: Centre's 2016 demonetisation scheme, upheld
Six years after the country went through demonetisation, that was severely criticised for being poorly planned, unfair and unlawful, the Constitution Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer, B.R Gavai*, A.S. Bopanna, V. Ramasubramanian, B.V. Nagarathna**, JJ., in Vivek Narayan Sharma v. Union of India8, upheld the Centre's 2016 demonetisation scheme in a 4:1 majority and held that demonetisation was proportionate to the Union's stated objectives and was implemented in a reasonable manner. While Gavai, J., has written the majority opinion for himself and Justices S.A. Nazeer, A.S. Bopanna, V. Ramasubramanian. Justice B.V. Nagarathna was the lone dissenter, who held that, though demonetisation was well-intentioned and well thought of, the manner in which it was carried out was improper and unlawful.
Read in detail about the Demonetisation Verdict here- Note-Ban Verdict- Breakdown of the majority and minority opinions
[Restrictions on freedom of speech of Ministers] |Statement passed by a Minister cannot be vicariously attributed to the State
A Constitution Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer, AS Bopanna, BR Gavai, V Ramasubramanian & BV Nagarathna, JJ, in Kaushal Kishor v. State of Uttar Pradesh9 delivered verdict on the issue relating to freedom of speech of public functionaries and whether the right to life and personal liberty of citizens impedes the same. The issue emerged after Samajwadi Party ('SP') leader Azam Khan's remarks on 2016 gang-rape of a minor and her mother in Uttar Pradesh, where he referred to the unfortunate incident as a "political conspiracy only and nothing else".
Can employer recover excess increment granted on account of error after 10 years of retirement of the employee?
Reversing the concurrent findings of the Single Judge and Division Bench of Kerala High Court, the Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer* and Vikram Nath, JJ., in Thomas Daniel v. State of Kerala,2022 SCC OnLine SC 536, held that the State cannot recover excess amount paid to the ex-employee after the delay of 10 years. The Court held that if the amount was not paid on account of any misrepresentation or fraud of the employee, but it was the employer who applied wrong principle for calculating allowance or misinterpreted a, such excess payment of emoluments or allowances are not recoverable. The Court clarified,
"This relief against the recovery is granted not because of any right of the employees but in equity, exercising judicial discretion to provide relief to the employees from the hardship that will be caused if the recovery is ordered."
Inter-se-seniority -Promotees versus Direct Appointees: 'K. Meghachandra requires reconsideration'
In an appeal arising out of special leave petition, challenging the judgment of Gujarat High Court, wherein the seniority list dated 13-02-18 was quashed, and the seniority list of 07-09-16 was restored with a clarification that only those direct recruits who were eligible and qualified in the recruitment year 2009-10, shall be interspaced with 53 promotees who were promoted, the division bench of S. Abdul Nazeer and Abhay S. Oka*, JJ., in Hariharan v. Harsh Vardhan Singh Rao, 2022 SCC OnLine SC 1717, said that the decision in K. Meghachandra Singh v. Ningam Siro, (2020) 5 SCC 689 needs reconsideration by a larger bench and held that the interim relief will have to be vacated and seniority will have to be fixed based on the impugned judgment, subject to the outcome of the decision of the larger bench. Further, in relation to the recruitment and vacancies to the posts of Income Tax Inspectors, the financial year was being treated as the recruitment year or vacancy year.
Rent Act would not come to the aid of a "tenant-in-sufferance" vis-à-vis SARFAESI Act due to operation of S. 13(2) read with S. 13(13) of SARFAESI Act
The Division Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer* and Krishna Murari, JJ., in Hemraj Ratnakar Salian v. HDFC Bank Ltd., 2021 SCC OnLine SC 611 addressed a pertinent issue of whether the rent act would come to the aid of a "tenant in sufferance" and held that "…Rent Act would not come to the aid of a "tenant-in-sufferance" vis-à-vis SARFAESI Act due to the operation of Section 13(2) read with Section 13(13) of the SARFAESI Act."
Maratha Reservation unconstitutional | The timeline of the case and the 3 questions that received unanimous opinions of all 5 judges
In a big development, the 5-judge bench of Ashok Bhushan*, S.A. Nazeer, L. Nageswara Rao*, Hemant Gupta* and S. Ravindra Bhat*, JJ., in Jaishri Laxmanrao Patil v. The Chief Minister, (2021) 8 SCC 1, quashed the much in debated Maratha Reservation and held that the Maharashtra State Reservation (of seats for admission in educational institutions in the State and for appointments in the public services and posts under the State) for Socially and Educationally Backward Classes (SEBC) Act, 2018 as amended in 2019 granting 12% and 13% reservation for Maratha community in addition to 50% social reservation is not covered by exceptional circumstances as contemplated by Constitution Bench in Indra Sawhney v. Union of India, 1992 Suppl. (3) SCC 217.
The Constitution Bench clearly laid down that even reservation for promotion, ceiling of 50% limit cannot be breached. Hence, the Commission has completely erred in understanding the ratio of the judgment.
"Sufficient and adequate representation of Maratha community in public services is indicator that they are not socially and educationally backward (…) The Marathas are dominant forward class and are in the main stream of National life."
Aadhaar| When 4:1 majority refused to review the Aadhaar Judgment
Dismissing the review petition, the Constitution Bench comprising of A.M. Khanwilkar*, Dr D.Y. Chandrachud**, Ashok Bhushan*, S. Abdul Nazeer* and B.R. Gavai*, JJ., in Beghar Foundation v. K.S. Puttaswamy, (2021) 3 SCC 1, addressed the review petition against the final verdict in K.S.Puttaswamy (Aadhaar-5 Judges) v Union of India, (2019) 1 SCC 1, and held that Section 7 of the Aadhaar Act had elements of a 'Money Bill', and the other provisions were incidental to the 'core' of the Aadhaar Act. Hence, the majority held that the Aadhaar Act had been correctly certified as a 'Money Bill' under Article 110(1).
Right to privacy is a Fundamental Right; Information, family life, sexual orientation etc., are part of privacy
Justice S.A. Nazeer was part of the 9 Judge Bench in K.S. Puttaswamy v. Union of India (Privacy- 9 Judge),(2017) 10 SCC 1, which unanimously held that, Right to Privacy is a basic fundamental right. The Bench, which also comprised of J.S. Khehar, CJ. and J. Chelameswar, S.A. Bobde, R.K. Agrawal, R.F. Nariman, A.M. Sapre, S.K. Kaul, Dr D.Y. Chandrachud, JJ., held that right to privacy is an intrinsic part of right to life and liberty under Article 21 and freedoms guaranteed under Part III of Constitution of India.
"The interpretation of the Constitution cannot be frozen by its original understanding. The Constitution has evolved and must continuously evolve to meet the aspirations and challenges of the present and the future."
Mother-in-law can claim compensation as a dependant under MV Act
The Division Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer* and Krishna Murari, JJ., in N. Jayasree v. Cholamandalam Ms General Insurance Co. Ltd., 2021 SCC OnLine SC 967,held that neither the percentage of deduction for personal expenses be governed by a rigid rule or formula of universal application nor does it depends upon the basis of relationship of the claimant with the deceased.
"It is not uncommon in Indian Society for the mother-in-law to live with her daughter and son-in-law during her old age and be dependent upon her son-in-law for her maintenance."
Overruling versus Reversal: Mere overruling of principles by subsequent judgment will not dilute binding effect of decision inter partes
A Division Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer and Krishna Murari*, JJ., in Neelima Srivastava v. State of U.P., 2021 SCC OnLine SC 610 held that there is a distinction between overruling a principle and reversal of the judgment. The Supreme Court reaffirmed the settled position of law by explaining that:
"Mere overruling of the principles, on which the earlier judgment was passed, by a subsequent judgment of higher forum will not have the effect of uprooting the final adjudication between the parties and set it at naught."
Can there be presumption of Hindu joint family property if a business activity carried out by Karta in a tenanted premise?
The 3-judge bench comprising of Ashok Bhushan, SA Nazeer and Hemant Gupta*, JJ., in Kiran Devi v. Bihar State Sunni Wakf Board, 2021 SCC OnLine SC 280, held that there can be presumption of Hindu joint family property if the property has been acquired by the male member or if the same has been treated as joint Hindu family. But no such presumption is attached to a business activity carried out by an individual in a tenanted premise.
Proceedings under LA Act, 1894 cannot be reopened once the possession has been transferred
In a petition regarding land acquisition by government of Assam for setting up a plastic park, the Division Bench of S. Abdul Nazeer* and Sanjiv Khanna, JJ., in Assam Industrial Development Corp. Ltd. v. Gillapukri Tea Co. Ltd., (2021) 3 SCC 388, held,"Once the award has been approved, compensation has been paid and possession of the land has been handed over to the Government, acquisition proceedings could not have been reopened, including by way of re-notification of the already acquired land under Section 4 of Land Acquisition Act, 1894."
Ayodhya Verdict| Here's why the 5-judge bench unanimously held that the disputed site belongs to Hindus
"The court does not decide title on the basis of faith or belief but on the basis of evidence."
The 5-judge bench of Ranjan Gogoi, CJ, S.A. Bobde, Dr. D.Y. Chandrachud, Ashok Bhushan and S. Abdul Nazeer, JJ., in M. Siddiq (Ram Janmabhumi Temple-5 J.) v Suresh Das, (2020) 1 SCC 1, held that the Court must ensure that a wrong committed must be remedied. It was further held that the Court cannot entertain or enforce rights to the disputed property solely based on the existence of an underlying temple dating to the 12th Century AD. Even though the Hindus were able to establish possessory title to the disputed property on a preponderance of probabilities, justice would not prevail if the Court overlook the entitlement of the Muslims.
"The law provides us with parameters as clear but as profound as ownership and possession. In deciding title to the disputed property, the court applies settled principles of evidence to adjudicate upon which party has established a claim to the immovable property."
Whether a person belonging to a Scheduled Caste category in one State would be entitled to benefits in relation to employment matter in any other State
A 5-judge bench of Ranjan Gogoi*, N.V. Ramana, R. Banumathi*, M.M. Shantanagoudar, S. Abdul Nazeer, JJ., while deciding the issue whether a person belonging to a Scheduled Caste in a particular State would be entitled to benefits\concessions in relation to employment matter which are allowed to Scheduled Caste candidate in any other State in Bir Singh v. Delhi Jal Board, (2018) 10 SCC 312, held that person belonging to SC/ST in one State cannot be deemed to be SC/ST person in any other State of purpose of employment or education.
"A person who is recognised as a member of Scheduled Castes/Scheduled Tribes in his original State, will been titled to all the benefits of reservation under the Constitution in that State only and not in other States/Union Territories and not entitled to the benefits of reservation in the migrated State/Union Territory."
The Court emphasizing on the federal nature of the Constitution of India, discussed about the importance of constitutional provisions relating to services and observed that
"The federal nature of the Constitution finds broad manifestation in two principal areas i.e. division of legislative power and exercise thereof by the Union and the constituent States and secondly, which is more relevant and important to the subject in hand, is the constitutional provisions relating to services under the Union and the States as dealt with in Part XIV of the Constitution."
Witness Protection Scheme, 2018 approved; directions given for setting up of Vulnerable Witness Deposition Complexes in all district courts
A Division Bench comprising of A.K. Sikri* and S. Abdul Nazeer, JJ., in Mahender Chawla v. Union of India, (2019) 14 SCC 615 [Witness Protection Scheme, 2018], while emphasizing on the role of witness in decision making process observed that the conditions of witnesses in Indian Legal System has become 'pathetic'. It has become frequent happening were witnesses have suffered traumatic experience and turned hostile. Thus, creating problems of low convictions which is a serious blow criminal justice system. There is a paramount need to have witness protection scheme.The Court after considering various authorities cited as well as Witness Protection Scheme, 2018 gave certain directions to be followed by the Government.
Daughters have coparcenary rights
The 3-judge bench of Arun Mishra*, S.A. Nazeer and M.R. Shah, JJ., in Vineeta Sharma v. Rakesh Sharma, (2020) 9 SCC 1, held that daughter's right in coparcenary property is by birth and it is not necessary that the coparcener father should be living when the Hindu Succession (Amendment) Act, 2005 came into force. If the daughter is alive on the date of enforcement of (Amendment) Act, 2005, she becomes
A Division bench headed by Justice S. Abdul Nazeer*, in Bharati Reddy v. State of Karnataka, (2018) 12 SCC 61, while allowing the writ petition Panchayat challenging the election of the Adhyaksha of the Zilla Panchayat filed by the voters who are not the members of the Zilla, observed that
"We are of the view that a voter in a particular panchayat cannot be rendered remediless if he is aggrieved by the election of the Adhyaksha of the Panchayat."
The Court held that the judicial review is a part of the basic structure of the constitution and cannot be ousted by Art. 243-O of the Constitution.
No mention of intention to blacklist in the show cause notice? Such show cause notice and consequent blacklisting order liable to be quashed
A Division bench presided by Justice S. Abdul Nazeer*, in UMC Technologies Private Limited v. Food Corporation of India, (2021) 2 SCC 551,while upholding the order terminating a contract of service with the appellant and to blacklist the appellant from participating in any future tenders of the Corporation for a period of 5 years, opined that the show cause notice constituting the basis of a blacklisting order must spell out clearly the intention on the part of the issuer of the notice to blacklist the noticee.
"(…) It is the first principle of civilised jurisprudence that a person against whom any action is ought to be taken or whose right or interests are being affected should be given a reasonable opportunity to defend himself."
"The Precautionary Principle makes it mandatory for the State Government to anticipate, prevent and attack the causes of environmental degradation"
A 3-judge bench comprising of S.A. Bobde CJ., S. Abdul Nazeer*, Sanjeev Khanna JJ., in Hospitality Association of Mudumalai v. In Defence of Environment and Animals, (2020) 10 SCC 589, upheld the Madras High Court order directing resort owners and other private land owners in Mudumalai to vacate and hand over possession of land falling within the notified elephant corridor to Nilgiris Collector and observed that
"The ever-growing need for land, infrastructure and energy requirements of our large population have slowly fragmented the elephant's natural spaces which are now surrounded by human habitation, agriculture, mining, roads and railways (…) These corridors aid this process by helping different elephant populations to intermingle, which is essential for retaining the vigour of the species and ensuring its long-term survival. By identifying and nurturing such corridors, deadly confrontations between humans and elephants can be avoided, in addition to safeguarding the welfare of the wildlife."
TADA Act, 1987 | Conviction on basis of confession to police — When permissible?
"The confession is a form of admission consisting of direct acknowledgment of guilt in a criminal charge."
While deciding whether the appellant has made the confession voluntarily and truthfully for the offences under TADA Act, 1987 and Explosive Substances Act, 1908, a Division bench comprising of S. Abdul Nazeer* and Deepak Misra JJ., in Raja v. State of T.N., (2020) 5 SCC 118, summarised the law regarding when conviction is permissible on basis of confession to police, held that "It is well settled that a confession which is not free from doubt about its voluntariness, is not admissible in evidence. A confession caused by inducement, threat or promise cannot be termed as voluntary confession."
The Court also explained about the admissibility of confession of a co-accused and opined that
" Section 30 of the Indian Evidence Act mandates that to make the confession of a coaccused admissible in evidence, there has to be a joint trial. If there is no joint trial, the confession of a coaccused is not at all admissible in evidence"
Notable Dissents
Triple Talaq is not fundamental to Islam; Practice set aside by a 3:2 majority
"What is held to be bad in the Holy Quran cannot be good in Shariat and, in that sense, what is bad in theology is bad in law as well."
A Constitution Bench of the Supreme Court in Shayara Bano v. Union of India, (2017) 9 SCC 1, by 3:2 majority, held that the practice of Triple Talaq is unconstitutional and violative of Arts. 14 and 15 of the Constitution.The Bench comprising of JS Khehar*, CJI., Kurian Joseph*, Rohinton Fali Nariman*, Uday Umesh Lalit and Abdul Nazeer, JJ. held that the Triple Talaq is manifestly arbitrary.
Justice Nazeer and the then Chief Justice Khehar, dissented with the majority judgement upholding the constitutionality of Triple Talaq. They observed that
"Muslim 'personal law' – 'Shariat' is not based on any State Legislative action, we have therefore held, that Muslim 'personal law' – 'Shariat', cannot be tested on the touchstone of being a State action."
According to them the authority to strike down law on Triple Talaq is with the Parliament and not with the Supreme Court and they directed the Parliament to draft a law on Triple Talaq and proposed placing an injunction on it for six months, until the Parliament's decision.
*Did you Know? The Bench constituted to decide Triple Talaq issue, consisted of Judges belonging to major faiths practised in India- Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Christianity and Zoroastrianism.10
Ayodhya Title Dispute | Reference to the Constitution Bench
In M. Siddiq v. Suresh Das, (2019) 18 SCC 631, Justice Nazeer who was on the 3- judge bench comprising of Dipak Misra, CJ., Ashok Bhushan, J., while hearing an appeal to the Ayodhya title dispute, dissented with the majority judgment on one point that a mosque is not an essential feature of Islam and stated that the following issues need to be referred to Constitutional Bench-
Whether in the light of Shirur Mutt and other relevant cases, an essential practice can be decided without a detailed examination of the beliefs, tenets and practice of the faith in question?
Whether the test for determining the essential practice is both essentiality and integrality?
Does Art. 25, only protect belief and practices of particular significance of a faith or all practices regarded by the faith as essential?
Do Arts. 15, 25 and 26 (read with Art. 14) allow the comparative significance of faiths to be undertaken?
*Did you Know? As a Judge in the Karnataka High Court, Justice Nazeer had been a part of 2000+ decisions.11
Justice S. Abdul Nazeer's 6- year tenure make him one of the longest serving Judge of the Supreme Court12. In these years, he had been a part of some of most path-breaking landmark decisions, like – Right to Privacy, Triple Talaq, Ayodhya Verdict. Few days before his retirement, Justice Nazeer, as a part of the Constitution Bench, upheld the validity of 2016 Demonetisation Scheme and ruled against further restrictions against freedom of speech as exercised by public functionaries. All in all, it was an extensive trajectory that Justice Nazeer had in the Supreme Court, his decisions all-encompassing.
Since 1983, Justice Nazeer has spent close to 4 decades in the field of law and has enriched the legal stratosphere with his opinions and judgments. As the Supreme Court bids farewell to Justice Nazeer, here's hoping and wishing him the very best of luck for his future endeavours.
† Sucheta Sarkar, Editorial Assistant, EBC Publishing Pvt. Ltd.
1. Chief Justice and Judges, Supreme Court of India
2. Refer fn 1
3. Justice Abdul Nazeer appointed to the Supreme Court, Mangalore Today
4. Justice Abdul Nazeer, Karnataka High Court
6. Justice Abdul Nazeer,SC Observer
7. SCC Online Web Edition– Judges Only Feature
8. [WRIT PETITION (CIVIL) NO. 906 OF 2016]
9. [Writ Petition (Criminal) No. 113 of 2016]
10. https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/5-supreme-court-judges-of-5-faiths-to-give-verdict-on-triple-talaq-1740329
11. SCC Online Web Edition– Coram Only Feature
12. Objection, Your Honour, Frontline, The Hindu
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Cal Ludeman (born 1951), American politician
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'Orange Is The New Black' Update: Author Piper Kerman Sheds Some Light About The Series, Samira Wiley Enjoys The Party
By Dez Bryant , Mar 07, 2017 04:40 AM EST
Approximately three more months and fans will surely enjoy the return of "Orange Is The New Black". The casts of the show are actively promoting their new season and the author, Piper Kerman explained what the series is all about.
The Cast And Crews Chemistry
Netflix has aired a lot of streaming shows over the years but "Orange Is The New Black" is their baby. The series which was doubted from the very beginning is ready with their Season 5. According to one of the respected web magazines, "Orange Is The New Black" has raised the level of TV programming. The epic series shows different sides of the story like any other series. However, what stands out with OITNB is their chemistry. On and off the camera they are tight like a family. Although there were issues about their paycheck, they don't go out there and throw dirt to their co-stars.
Piper Kerman is the author who is responsible for bringing "Orange Is The New Black" to life. Piper might shy away with the recognition that she is getting, but she truly deserves the credit. Currently, the author is busy shedding some light with regards to her work. Piper also stated that her motivation in creating the "novel" is to show a different side of the norm. In a lengthy interview, Piper was asked numerous questions from the host and fans alike. Piper is very happy with the success of her masterpiece but guaranteed that this will not be the last.
On the other hand, Samira Wiley, also known as Poussey Washington, is keeping the party alive. One of the most iconic characters on the show held a bachelorette party and it was pure epic. Her co-stars from "Orange Is The New Black" showed their support to their former co-star and according to reports, they brought the house down in Miami.
TAG Orange is the New Black, Orange Is The New Black Season 5, orange is the new black season 5 spoilers, Orange Is The New Black Season 5 News, Orange Is The New Black Season 5 Update, Orange Is The New Black Season 5 Release Date, Piper Kerman, Samira Wiley, Poussey Washington
'Dance Moms' Updates: Abby Lee Miller Cries Out For Freedom, Jojo Bows Banned
Abby Lee Miller's impending trial case is about to be over and now realizes what she's about to face in jail. Also, JoJo Bows area banned among selected schools.
'Logan' Spoiler Alert: Wolverine Killed By His Own Clone?
Logan or Wolverine has been the man for X-men for how many years. However, time was able to get hold of him and X-24 delivered the knock out blow.
Dave Chappelle's New Stand Up Gig Announced By Netflix, The King Is Back In His Throne
Finally, after how many years, Dave Chappelle decided to make another show. The King Of Stand Up Comedy is back to reclaim his throne.
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 7 Might Be The Final Season; Cast Hated Series Creator For Killing Poussey
Showrunner Jenji Kohan has shared that the cast were mad when Poussey was killed off the show and revealed that the show might be in for just a couple more seasons.
Hackers Claim To Have Stolen Disney's Latest 'Pirates Of The Caribbean' For Ransom
Disney would not comment, but insiders said that the company refuses to pay. This follows the same issue Netflix faced when a ransom hacker spilled out 10 episodes of the next season of Orange Is The New Black.
'Orange Is The New Black' Season 5 Leaked By Hackers, The Dark Overlord Call Out Network Giants
Netflix was hacked the other day and the hackers who call themselves "The Dark Overlord" are not yet finished with the streaming giant. Also, they called out ABC, NBC and NAT Geo.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Guy François (né le  en Haïti et mort le  à Montréal) est un joueur de football international haïtien, qui évoluait au poste de milieu de terrain.

Biographie

Carrière en club

Guy François joue en faveur du Violette Athletic Club.

Carrière en équipe nationale

Avec l'équipe d'Haïti, il joue 17 matchs et inscrit un but dans les compétitions organisées par la FIFA, entre 1968 et 1974.

Il dispute 8 matchs comptant pour les éliminatoires du mondial 1970, et 7 matchs rentrant dans le cadre des éliminatoires du mondial 1974. Il inscrit un but lors de ces éliminatoires.

Il figure dans le groupe des sélectionnés lors de la Coupe du monde de 1974. Lors de la phase finale du mondial organisé en Allemagne, il joue deux matchs : contre l'Italie et la Pologne.

Notes et références

Liens externes

Footballeur international haïtien
Joueur du Violette AC
Naissance en septembre 1947
Naissance en Haïti
Décès à Montréal
Décès à 71 ans
Décès en juin 2019


Learn which versions of Xsan are compatible with macOS.
Xsan 2.3 and later are not available as updates for earlier versions of macOS.
Xsan is installed separately in Mac OS X 10.6 and earlier. The following table lists which Xsan versions are compatible with which versions of Mac OS X client and server. It also shows required versions of Xsan and Mac OS X for when you want to upgrade your Xsan version.
The Xsan and macOS versions running on MDCs must always be the same or later versions than those which are running on the Xsan clients. For more information about compatibility between Xsan MDCs and clients within a SAN, see this article.


Care for some spicy spaghetti? Go Kung Pao!!!
I'm not going to pretend this is something new. Kung Pao (which translates to palace guardian/official) is a famous spicy Asian sauce and is definitely one my favorite pasta sauces ever since I had a taste of California Pizza Kitchen's Kung Pao Spaghetti, with shrimps, more than 10 years ago. Then came the equally delicious Charlie Chan Pasta from Yellow Cab, a popular local pizza chain.
What I love about kung pao sauce is it's very distinct Szechuan-style sweet-hot-salty flavor with red chilies, complemented with roasted peanuts and colorful mix of veggies for my pasta.
And now I discovered this ready-to-use pasta sauce at one of my weekly trips to the supermarket -- Clara Olé! Simply toss with your favorite pasta noodles, meat, shrimps or tofu and you're ready to go!
Cook spaghetti as instructed on the pack.
Heat a pan with the oil, then saute and lightly toast minced garlic.
Add in chicken cubes and stir-fry for around 15 minutes until browned.
Mix in the bell pepper, celery, spring onions, and peanuts. Continue to stir-fry until chicken is done.
Pour in the kung pao sauce and mix well. Add ground pepper.
Taste and add chili flakes and chili oil if you prefer more heat.
Gradually toss in cooked spaghetti until well coated.
Serve and garnish with more spring onions and peanuts if desired.
What I like about this instant kung pao sauce is it's rich, balanced flavor, yet it's not too hot, which was just perfect for me. This way, you can easily control the heat to your liking by adding more chilies or chili oil. You can actually see bits of chillies and taste a subtle nutty taste to the sauce.
Next time, instead of chicken, I'll use juicy, succulent shrimps!
Wikipedia: Westernized versions, usually called "Kung Pao chicken", commonly consist of diced marinated chicken stir-fried with skinless unsalted roasted peanuts, chopped, sliced, or diced red bell peppers (as well as other vegetables such as green bell peppers, celery, Chinese cabbage, water chestnuts, and carrots), sherry or rice wine, hoisin sauce, oyster sauce, and chili peppers. Although chicken is traditionally used, seafood items such as shrimp or scallops, or other meats such as beef or pork, are sometimes used in place of the chicken (although typically only a single meat or seafood is used).


Paris Rose Essentielle Perfume by Yves Saint Laurent, Paris Rose Essentielle is just one of the many fashionable versions of Sophia Grosjman's perfume Paris which has been released. Its delightful floral hints include orange blossom, rose, violet, lilac and lily-of-the-valley. The perfume dries off with woodsy base notes of sandalwood and white musk. This is a mild but classy scent for women that can help surround you with a sweet, pleasant aroma.
Born in Algeria in 1936, Yves Saint Laurent Read More Read More has spent decades devoted to state-of-the-art fashion and designs. His career began in Paris when he was 17, where director of Vogue Michel de Brunhoff published several of the ideas presented to him in Saint Laurent's drawings. His first collection, which was developed under Christian Dior, won him a Neiman Marcus Oscar. The sheer blouse, the jumpsuit, and the reefer jacket are all attributed to Saint Laurent's fashion ingenuity. The company now produces perfumes, accessories, menswear and furs. All products are original, authentic name brands. We do not sell knockoffs or imitations.


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Clark Atlanta University Launches Executive Leadership Institute to Train Next Generation of HBCU Presidents
Rebecca Kellihercmaadmin (EDU)
To recruit and prepare potential future leaders to serve at historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs), Clark Atlanta University (CAU) has established the Executive Leadership Institute (ELI).
HBCUs have gained attention in recent months with the country's racial reckoning and the pandemic's outsize toll on minority, low-income students, many of whom enroll at HBCUs. But these institutions also face unique leadership challenges to their longevity that ELI aims to address.
Dr. George T. French Jr.
The inaugural ELI cohort of about 20 candidates—or Legacy Fellows—will be announced this spring. Qualified industry leaders from higher education to Wall Street were invited to apply with an interest in running HBCUs. Starting in June and ending in December, the immersive leadership program will last six months, first as a virtual program and potentially in person later.
To CAU President Dr. George T. French Jr., the launch of ELI amid ongoing national crises makes this program all the more important.
"Because we are in a pandemic, we especially need to prepare leaders to run institutions in uncertain times," said French. "At HBCUs, we have not had the continuity of leadership and the soft as well as hard skills among leaders that the pandemic requires."
Before its launch, ELI surveyed 27 current and past HBCU presidents about what skills the Fellows should learn. Like French, most stressed interpersonal competencies, particularly for fundraising and board governance. ELI's curriculum covers these areas as well as operations and alumni relations, among other practical subjects.
Dr. Phyllis Worthy Dawkins
"Teaching Fellows those soft skills makes ELI especially poignant and powerful," said French. "To migrate about 4,000 CAU students online in a few weeks during a pandemic, for example, you can't walk in with an iron hand. You need to make students want to move online."
For many low-income and first-generation students, HBCUs continue to be a path to earn above-average incomes and graduate degrees. HBCUs' lower tuition rates and diverse campuses in part draw minority students of disadvantaged backgrounds to enroll at these storied institutions disproportionately. HBCUs also produce almost 20 percent of all Black graduates in the U.S., yet they make up only three percent of the nation's colleges and universities. Despite these successes, HBCUs struggle with leadership retention and finances.
An HBCU president's average stay is just over three years. But across all four-year colleges, the average president's tenure is seven years. HBCUs often run on thin budgets and low alumni giving. The pandemic worsened that financial instability for many institutions.
ELI Project Director Dr. Phyllis Worthy Dawkins previously served as president of Bennett College, another HBCU. She saw firsthand these problems—and how ELI could help future leaders solve them.
"As HBCU presidents, sometimes we inherit financial issues when we take our positions. That happened to me," said Dawkins. "What do you do then? How do you raise money? How do you read financial statements to adjust your programs? ELI tries to prepare Fellows for those real-world scenarios."
Fellows will also receive mentorship from former HBCU leaders via a virtual platform. ELI's Advisory Board includes several past and present HBCU presidents. The chair is Dr. Louis Sullivan, President Emeritus of Morehouse School of Medicine and a past U.S. Secretary of Health & Human Services.
"We try to identify current and former as well as public and private presidents who can speak to Fellows about their particular expertise, whether in crisis management or development," said Dawkins. "Our goal is to provide the knowledge, skills, and abilities that a Fellow needs to be a successful and qualified HBCU leader, whether as vice president, provost, or president."
ELI is supported by The Rich Foundation, Inc., Charles Stewart Mott Foundation, Microsoft Corporation, Toyota, Educational Credit Management Corporation, and a group of business leaders, educators, and philanthropists.
To sum up why he believes ELI matters at this moment, French drew from his background as a historian.
"I'll tell you, there are these ancient Greek terms chronos and kairos that help us think about ELI. Chronos is the actual time as the sun moves across the sky, but kairos speaks to time's spiritual affection," he said. "When the two come together, chronos and kairos, you have the perfect time for something to occur. We think today is that chronos and kairos moment for higher education leadership. Through ELI, we are stepping forward and saying now is time. I'm just privileged to be a part of it."
Project Manger 1
Community College News
News and information from our community colleges.


SACRAMENTO, California (Reuters) - A moderate dose of winter rainfall hasn't ended California's historic drought, but it has dropped just enough moisture on the beleaguered state to help 14 communities that had risked running out of water.
In January, public health officials in the most populous U.S. state said that 17 communities were at risk of running out of water in 60 to 90 days.
But now just three small communities were at risk, one in the central part of the state and two in the north, Department of Public Health spokeswoman Anita Gore said on Thursday.
Gore said the towns' troubles had been eased due to a combination of intervention from the state and a series of storms that dropped up to 11 inches at a time on the parched state during February and March.
In the town of Willits, for example, a grant from the state helped to pay for a backup water treatment plant constructed within weeks of the drought's declaration by Governor Jerry Brown in January.
In other communities, the state has helped dig new wells and extend pipelines so small water systems could be expanded.
But Gore cautioned that the drought was not over.
"The emphasis on drought-related drinking water concerns continues," she said in an email. "While the recent rains throughout the state helped ease the immediate supply concerns for some systems, this is the third dry year in a row and the recent rains will not end the drought."
Conservation will continue to be crucial as the drought continues, she said.
Rain is predicted for parts of Northern California this weekend.


What is a glottal stop? It is the sound "euh." You can hear it by making the sound, "uh-oh." Technically, it's where the vocal chords come together, stop the breath and therefore the sound, and then release. It is produced by a sudden contraction of the expiration muscles.
We've found that our Danish students can have trouble imitating the glottal stop used in that language.
The rules are fairly simple. If the vowel of the syllable in question is long, the glottal stop occurs at the end of the vowel; if the vowel is short, the glottal stop is pronounced before the following consonant. In a syllable with a short vowel and a voiceless consonant, there is no glottal stop.
Although the glottal stop is not used in all regions of Denmark, it is important to pronounce it because, otherwise, words may be misunderstood. For example, le'ver (with a glottal stop) means liver, whereas lever (without a glottal stop) means to live.
Danish is of course closely related to Swedish and Norwegian. We've seen steadily growing interest in all three. They are closely related and belong to the Northern Germanic linguistic group. Although they are three distinct languages, native speakers of these tongues can generally understand one another, particularly when communicating in writing. Linguistically, Swedish and Danish have common origins, although, as Denmark and Norway were unified for the four hundred years prior to 1814, Norwegian and Danish developed similarities.
In fact, bokmål, one of the two official dialects spoken in Norway, is sometimes referred to as "Dano-Norwegian." The two languages also share the same alphabet, which comprises all the letters of the English alphabet, with the additional vowels: æ, ø and å.
These three Scandinavian languages, together with German, Dutch, and English, all stem from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family. Thus Danish has linguistic ties with English and the two languages share hundreds of words that differ only slightly in spelling and pronunciation.


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TLC and Golden Girls Recruit New Members
Lauren Pieper, Senior Staff Writer
Photo Credit: Lauren Pieper/Achona Online
Both TLC and Golden Girls had to postpone their recruitment process due to Hurricane Irma.
Teen Leadership Council and Golden Girls have just wrapped up their recruitment for the 2017-2018 school year. TLC accepted a total of fourteen girls, and Golden Girls accepted six. Both recruitment teams worked long and hard to establish the new members for their club. The admissions teams read essays, conducted interviews, and made sure deadlines were being met.
TLC's Recruitment team consisted of Gabi Jordan (18'), Lauren Dingle (19'), Katie Taulbee (19'), Noelle Choueifati (20'), Tara Gray (20'), and Nicole Stephan (20'), with Lauren Pieper (18') as the Head of Recruitment, and Macy McConnie (18') and Mckenna Weathers (18') as presidents of the club. The application went out Aug. 31, 2017 and was due back on Sept. 6, 2017. TLC received 38 applications from both freshmen and, for the first time, sophomore transfer students. The club responded favorably to the new policy that Pieper and Emily Pantelis, the club's moderator, created that allows sophomore transfers to apply.
Weathers said, "I was in favor of the new policy, it's unfair to them (the Sophomores) since they weren't here as freshmen. A sophomore is still like a "baby" they have room to grow, and junior year is when we start putting them in real leadership roles, so they still have time."
After two days of interviewing twenty-nine girls who exhibited incredible confidence and poise, 14 girls were chosen to partake in the club. The final 14 received texts saying they needed to come back on Monday morning for another interview, but TLC members had a surprise breakfast in store to welcome their new members. When the group walked in they were greeted by current club members cheering and giving them posters and yellow roses to officially welcome them into TLC.
New member Lillian Tracy (20') said, " It was so awesome. I was so happy, and was very surprised. It was so positive. I felt really loved."
Photo Credit: Sophia Arnold (used with permission)
All TLC members brought something to make the breakfast successful.
This group of young women have proven in their first weeks of high school that they are great leaders and are going to make a positive impact on Academy through their actions.
Pantelis said, "We have a very strong group of new girls that we just submitted. I really think they will not only become leaders of their class, but leaders of the school. We see their potential, and that's why we picked them for TLC. As a whole they seem like a very connected group. I see the potential for them to spread the connectedness and community to the entire AHN family."
Photo Credit: Emily Pantelis (used with permission)
It is a tradition to give new TLC members a yellow rose.
The Golden Girls recruitment process began on Aug. 31, 2017 when the application went live on Haiku. The applicants had four days to fill it out and submit it to the Golden Girls executive board consisting of Erica Dierks (18'), Alexandra Fonseca (18'), Evelyn Martinez (18'), Emma Sewell (18'), Annmarie Collins (18'), Emily Anderson (18'), Lauren Curtis (19'), and moderators Deborah Collins, the IT specialist, and English teacher Melissa LeBlanc.
The recruitment team conducted personalized interviews based on their application. They answered questions like, "What would be a good way to promote school spirit?" and "Give examples of how you are spirited."
Golden Girls decided to only recruit freshmen this year so each grade would have an even amount of club members to represent their class.
Dierks (18'), one of the co-presidents of the club, enjoyed the recruitment process and getting to know the new freshmen saying,"I enjoyed reading all of the applicants thoughts on how we should change the club, and will probably will use their new ideas."
After the executive board and moderators discussed all the answers from their applicants over a shared google document and in meetings, six freshmen were chosen to join the club.
Martinez (18') already impressed by the new club members said,"These girls will excite the student body especially in their own grade."
Photo Credit: Lauren Pieper/ Achona Online
New member Adrianna Vargas (21′) enjoyed the recruitment process and is excited to be in the club saying, "It wasn't that nerve wracking, and they were easy to talk to. I'm excited to get the opportunity to cheer for all my friends I'm close with."
Teen Leadership Council welcomes:
Audrey Barnes (21′)
Bella Ferrie (21′)
Clare Gammig (21′)
Alexa Groteke (21′)
Maria Kynkor (21′)
Olivia Martinez (21′)
Cassidy Neely (21′)
Alissa Pardera (21′)
Ellie Rinker (21′)
Cece Rodriguez (21′)
Olivia Scarpo (21′)
Riley Schlinder (20′)
Rhyan Tappan (21′)
Lillian Tracy (20′)
Golden Girls welcomes:
Adrianna Vargas (21′)
Caroline Corcoran (21′)
Zoe Wolff (21′)
Madison MacDiarmid (21′)
Isabella Duarte (21′)
Anne Snyder (21′)
One Response to "TLC and Golden Girls Recruit New Members"
vanessa on September 28th, 2017 9:07 pm
love and miss you my fave tlc/achona fam!!!
Senior Angie Peña Scores her 1,000th Basketball Shot


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Employee Ownership Needs Worker Owners
Ownership is the new black, orange, blue and green – socially cool in "new economy" advocacy circles with an economic justice edge, growing in corporate and cooperative numbers, and claiming superior sustainable practices. Divided into land, home, individual, and workforce "communities of practice," ownership appeals to historically admired American values. Cooperatives (member-based, worker and union affiliated) and companies with varying degrees of employee stock ownership plans (ESOPs), individual proprietorships and partnerships connect ownership with cultural ideals of freedom, innovation, self-reliance, civic commitment, democratic decision-making, wealth-building through risk-taking, and equality-grounded opportunity and mobility. Incentivizing workers as owners in "doing well by doing good" projects and companies reflects core principles and practices as ineluctable components of the historical American Dream's original civic promise. (more…)
The Disruption Machine | The New Yorker
Some passages of "The Disruption Machine" by Jill Lepore we found particularly compelling:
"…generally, the rhetoric of disruption—a language of panic, fear, asymmetry, and disorder—calls on the rhetoric of another kind of conflict, in which an upstart refuses to play by the established rules of engagement, and blows things up. Don't think of Toyota taking on Detroit. Startups are ruthless and leaderless and unrestrained, and they seem so tiny and powerless, until you realize, but only after it's too late, that they're devastatingly dangerous: Bang! Ka-boom! Think of it this way: the Times is a nation-state; BuzzFeed is stateless. Disruptive innovation is competitive strategy for an age seized by terror.
"Every age has a theory of rising and falling, of growth and decay, of bloom and wilt: a theory of nature. Every age also has a theory about the past and the present, of what was and what is, a notion of time: a theory of history. Theories of history used to be supernatural: the divine ruled time; the hand of God, a special providence, lay behind the fall of each sparrow. If the present differed from the past, it was usually worse: supernatural theories of history tend to involve decline, a fall from grace, the loss of God's favor, corruption. Beginning in the eighteenth century, as the intellectual historian Dorothy Ross once pointed out, theories of history became secular; then they started something new—historicism, the idea "that all events in historical time can be explained by prior events in historical time." Things began looking up. First, there was that, then there was this, and this is better than that. The eighteenth century embraced the idea of progress; the nineteenth century had evolution; the twentieth century had growth and then innovation. Our era has disruption, which, despite its futurism, is atavistic. It's a theory of history founded on a profound anxiety about financial collapse, an apocalyptic fear of global devastation, and shaky evidence.
"Most big ideas have loud critics. Not disruption. Disruptive innovation as the explanation for how change happens has been subject to little serious criticism, partly because it's headlong, while critical inquiry is unhurried; partly because disrupters ridicule doubters by charging them with fogyism, as if to criticize a theory of change were identical to decrying change; and partly because, in its modern usage, innovation is the idea of progress jammed into a criticism-proof jack-in-the-box."
"…In the preface to the 2011 edition of "The Innovator's Dilemma," Christensen reports that, since the book's publication, in 1997, "the theory of disruption continues to yield predictions that are quite accurate." This is less because people have used his model to make accurate predictions about things that haven't happened yet than because disruption has been sold as advice, and because much that happened between 1997 and 2011 looks, in retrospect, disruptive. Disruptive innovation can reliably be seen only after the fact."
"…But, unless you already believe in disruption, many of the successes that have been labelled disruptive innovation look like something else, and many of the failures that are often seen to have resulted from failing to embrace disruptive innovation look like bad management."
"…Christensen has compared the theory of disruptive innovation to a theory of nature: the theory of evolution. But among the many differences between disruption and evolution is that the advocates of disruption have an affinity for circular arguments. If an established company doesn't disrupt, it will fail, and if it fails it must be because it didn't disrupt. When a startup fails, that's a success, since epidemic failure is a hallmark of disruptive innovation."
"…In the late nineteen-nineties and early two-thousands, the financial-services industry innovated by selling products like subprime mortgages, collateralized debt obligations, and mortgage-backed securities, some to a previously untapped customer base…. When the financial-services industry disruptively innovated, it led to a global financial crisis. Like the bursting of the dot-com bubble, the meltdown didn't dim the fervor for disruption; instead, it fuelled it, because these products of disruption contributed to the panic on which the theory of disruption thrives."
"…Disruptive innovation is a theory about why businesses fail. It's not more than that. It doesn't explain change. It's not a law of nature. It's an artifact of history, an idea, forged in time; it's the manufacture of a moment of upsetting and edgy uncertainty. Transfixed by change, it's blind to continuity. It makes a very poor prophet."
Take the time to read the whole article from The New Yorker. You'll thank us, and Jill.
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text:
X Marks the Spot
Strip Club Signs
Touch It, It's Magic
Rejected and Hoarded
How I got started
Asset Library
01/15/2022 - SUI GENERIS
11/18/2020 - Conversation with Hazel Dooney
02/17/2020 - Beaver the Exhibition in a book!
02/27/2019 - Interview on The Circle
01/30/2019 - Thou Art Woman At The Edge
01/07/2019 - January 2019 Top Ten NYC Artist
08/08/2018 - Eminent Domain Video Recap
07/11/2018 - Eminent Domain at Robert Miller Gallery
05/23/2015 - Milk and Night on the Real Housewives of New York
12/21/2014 - Milk and Night at SELECT Art Fair
08/20/2014 - Girls Get Busy
03/09/2014 - Hanging Rejected and Hoarded
02/16/2014 - There are No Images in this Art Show
01/27/2014 - Rejected and Hoarded Show at Lauderhill Arts Center
10/07/2013 - Art Fallout 2013 | Girls' Club
09/30/2013 - Touch it, it's Magic
09/23/2013 - Make It Rain
09/16/2013 - X Marks the Spot
09/10/2013 - Drawn to the Ladies
08/17/2013 - New Work Coming
11/11/2012 - Look Attractive at University of Missouri Kansas City
10/08/2012 - ART FALLOUT
09/21/2012 - Appropiated Gender
09/04/2012 - I am in the Miami Herald!
09/03/2012 - Appropriated Gender
07/08/2012 - Carol-Anne McFarlane Fine Art Fan Pages
07/04/2012 - Walmart to build in Wynwood
05/01/2012 - The Trouble with Girls All Female Revue
04/08/2012 - Inspired by Words
03/03/2012 - Art Wynwood
02/12/2012 - 5 Minutes of Fame
02/07/2012 - Art Events this Month
12/02/2011 - Miami Art Fairs 2011
07/14/2011 - Figure Drawing 7/13/2011
07/13/2011 - Shows Coming Up
07/09/2011 - Creative Session at Lauderhill Arts Center
05/31/2011 - Now Showing
05/22/2011 - LEGACY: What's Left Behind
05/20/2011 - Self Lit
04/11/2011 - Drawing Conclusions - the Rise of Drawing in the Contemporary Art Scene
04/04/2011 - Modern Art Vs. Contemporary Art
03/28/2011 - Contemporary Art: How to Buy for Pleasure and Profit
03/21/2011 - Framing Fine Art
03/14/2011 - Tips To Embellish Your Life With Contemporary Fine Art
02/20/2011 - Red Light Show
02/13/2011 - Ignite! Fort Lauderdale
01/30/2011 - FAT Village Artwalk
01/28/2011 - Being Square
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You can create and delete reviews through the Wrike UI, but this functionality is not exposed through the API.
If would be nice if the Attachments API was extended to allow developers to add/remove attachments to a new or existing review. The response parameters do show a reviewIds field, but it doesn't seem like there are any API methods for creating/deleting reviews.
This would allow developers to build tools or plugins for designers to create reviews directly from within their design tool(s).


text:
Blog – Lower Expectations, Increase Happiness
May 9, 2016 December 4, 2017 ~ mỳ.chay
By J.D. Roth
Source: click here!!!
"Did you listen to Rick Steves this afternoon?" Kris asked me on Sunday. I shook my head. "That's too bad," she said. "It was about the relationship between money and happiness. I think you would have liked it — and so would your readers."
"But I just wrote about happiness!" I said.
"J.D.," she said. "You can never write too much about happiness." And so I tracked down last weekend's episode of Travel with Rick Steves and listened to his discussion with Eric Weiner about "the geography of bliss". Kris was right. This is good stuff.
Weiner is a long-time correspondent for NPR. His new book, The Geography of Bliss, is about "how place — in every aspect of the word — shapes us, defines us." It's about finding the happiest places on Earth.
In Steves' interview with Weiner, they compare and contrast "national happiness" in countries around the world. What makes some cultures happy and others less so? Is it wealth? Freedom? Or is it something else?
The show explores the relationship between democracy, consumerism, capitalism, envy, and happiness. There's also a discussion about the role of religion and spirituality. And, of course, Steves and Weiner talk about the connection between money and happiness. Weiner says:
If we're talking about the relationship between money and happiness, what really matters is how you feel about money. There have been studies that show that people are materialistic — irrespective of how much money they actually have — people who are materialistic tend to be less happy than people who are not. […]
Switzerland is a very wealthy country, but they don't really show off their wealth. It's not a "if you've got it, flaunt it" kind of society. It's an "If you've got it, hide it" society because they don't want to provoke envy in others. Americans are more individualistic and…flashier, I think.
Close relationships are a better predictor of happiness than monetary wealth. "Happiness is other people," Weiner says. "Our happiness is determined in large part by our quality and quantity of relationships with others."
Expectations and happiness
To me, the most interesting part of the conversation explored the connection between expectations and happiness. How does our sense of what we "deserve" affect how content we are? I liked this exchange so much that I'm going to quote a huge chunk of it:
I know it's dangerous to make sweeping generalizations, but when you compare Europeans to Americans — we're like the richest people on the planet, we're all embracing democracy — but we've got some fundamental differences. What is it in Europe that makes them happy compared to us and vice versa?
That's a good question. European countries — especially northern European countries: Switzerland, Denmark, et cetera — tend to be happier than we are in these surveys. (The Netherlands I would include in that as well.)
Let's talk about Denmark, for instance, because Denmark ranks consistently in the top three for happiest countries in the world. The Danes have low expectations. In survey after survey, they're asked about expectations, and they have relatively low expectations. We Americans have very very high expectations. And I think that partly explains the discrepancy.
I think if you have low or moderate expectations, you're less likely to be disappointed. You're more likely to be satisfied or content. You're more likely to be happy.
I realize that rubs a lot of Americans the wrong way because we pride ourselves on living in a country where everything is possible. I just returned from a week's vacation in Disney World. You go to the Magic Kingdom, and the refrain there is "dreams really do come true". They sing it over and over again in the parade there and they talk about it. That is a very American idea.
It's great if your dreams do come true, but it's going to disappoint you and make you a little less happy if they don't.
I think more modest expectations among Europeans might partly explain this.
Isn't that interesting. I was just in a taxi in Chicago and there was some guy from Somalia or something driving the cab. It was a beat up old cab, and he was just happily drumming his steering wheel, saying, "America! You can win the lottery and be rich!" And I thought, well he'llnever be rich. But he was just living in this land where dreams can come true. Just to be close to it, he was happy.
I was just in Denmark, and it occurred to me there's not a hint of a Big Gulp society there. They get little cups, and they sip it. They pay twice as much for a little cup as we pay for a big cup and they just sip it.
I'm intrigued by the notion that our happiness is related to our expectations.
I think that many Get Rich Slowly readers have found this to be true. I know that I have. I used to feel that I deservedto have nice things, that I was entitled to have a new car and a big house and the latest gadgets. I wanted to have what my parents had — but I wanted it when I was 30 instead of 50. Because my expectations were high, I spent to meet them.
My high expectations led to lifestyle inflation: As I earned more, I spent more. But I wasn't any happier.
Once I learned to embrace frugality, I found that I could not only be happy with what I already had — I could be happy with less. Many others have reported this same experience. Frugality and thrift are about lowering our expectations, about learning to sip from a small cup — and enjoy it! — instead of inhaling a Big Gulp.
There's a lot more from this program that I'd like to write about (including the role the media plays in creating happiness — or, more to the point, unhappiness), but if I go much further, I'll have transcribed the entire interview. If you have 30 minutes to spare, I highly recommend this show. The interview takes up the first half of last weekend's Travel with Rick Steves.
Posted in Bí quyết cho cuộc sống, Cảm xúc, Mỳchay's Blog Bloghappinessmỳchay
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Gallstones are stones or lumps that develop in the gallbladder or bile duct when substances in there harden.
Some of the chemicals which exist in the gallbladder, such as cholesterol, calcium bilirubinate, and calcium carbonate, solidify into either one large stone or several small ones.
Researchers from the Keck School of Medicine of USC describe a gallbladder in the bile duct as similar to trying to squeeze a golf ball through a straw.
There are approximately 20 million Americans with gallstones. A study revealed that the prevalence of gallstones in adults in industrialized countries is approximately 10% and is showing a tendency to rise.
Pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, a sedentary lifestyle, a high fat diet, and certain forms of anemia can all increase the risk of gallstones. People who are overweight and lose and gain weight repeatedly are more susceptible to gallstones, as are women who have had two or more children.
Gallstones can range in size from smaller than a grain of sand to larger than a golf ball. According to the American Medical Association, 80 percent of gallstones are made of hardened cholesterol that develops when there is too much cholesterol in the gallbladder. Other causes include high levels of bilirubin and a concentration of bile in the gallbladder.
Pregnancy, obesity, diabetes, liver disease, a sedentary lifestyle, a high fat diet, and certain forms of anemia are some of the risk factors of gallstones.
Drink 4 freshly squeezed lemons each day on an empty belly. Continue this therapy for a week. It can help to remove the gallstones. The elimination of the gallstones gets easier when you drink lots of water.
Peppermint aids digestion by stimulating the flow of bile and other digestive juices. Plus, it has a compound called terpene that can effectively dissolve gallstones. It is also believed to help relax spasms and relieve acute gallbladder pain.
Dandelion herb helps support your liver which aids your gallbladder in its functioning. The dandelion Leaves help in promoting bile excretion from the liver thus detoxifying it and metabolize fat efficiently. They are also effective when it comes to stimulate your sluggish gallbladder. So, it does make sense to use dandelion to cure your gallstones. You can always add the tender dandelion greens to your salad or steam them and have it. You can also have dandelion tea. Here's the recipe for the same.
Psyllium is a very good source of soluble fiber, hence it is considered a good remedy for gallstones. The fiber in psyllium binds to the cholesterol in bile and helps prevent gallstones from forming.
Plus, it promotes normal bowel movements, which reduces risk of the gallbladder system becoming congested. In addition, psyllium prevents constipation, a condition associated with increased gallstone formation.
Epsom salts allow the gallstones to move readily through the bile duct. Pour one teaspoon of Epsom salts into room temperature water and drink it during the evening.
The herb quebra pedra can be manufactured in to a tea and drunken for the alleviation of gallstone signs. Put in a few teaspoons of the natural extract to 8 ounces of water. Continue this for 2-4 weeks.
The golden saying- an apple a day keeps the doctor away- is not so popular without any reason. With all its health benefits, apple is also capable of dissolving gall stones when taken in the forms of juice and apple cider vinegar. The malic acid present in the apples assist in softening gallstones and vinegar stops the liver from making cholesterol that are responsible for forming stones in gallbladder. Not only this fruit dissolves gall stones but also prevents the recurrence of gall stones as well as subsides the pain that you get during flare ups.
Having 1/2 a glass of wine each day can help to keep gallstone attacks away. Researchers found that consuming 1/2 a glass of wine can reduce the amount of gallstone attacks by as much as forty percent. But don't overload. The research did not discover that consuming more than half of a glass would provide any additional protection.
Castor oil has many medicinal and healing properties that can help minimize and reduce the number of gallstones. Its anti-inflammatory properties help neutralize inflammation and reduce pain. Plus, castor oil packs have a positive effect on the immune and lymphatic systems.
Rosemary is yet another essential herb which assists with gallstones. It enhances the production of bile and stops spasms from occurring inside the bile duct. It also aids in breaking down fat.
http://www.healthy-holistic-living.com health benefits, apple is also capable of dissolving gall stones when taken in the forms of juice..


text:
'He has no business being that good', Pro-golfer hails Gareth Bale's golf skills
admin January 25, 2023 2 min read
Gareth Bale's golf playing abilities have been described as unfair by Jon Rahm, with the 2021 U.S. Open winner declaring: "He has no business being that good!"
Bale, who famously celebrated in front of a flag adorned with the message 'Wales. Golf. Madrid. In that order when he led Wales to Euro 2020 qualification, retired from football earlier this month.
The former Real Madrid and Tottenham forward, who is renowned for his love of golf, recently announced he was planning to compete at the PGA Tour's Pebble Beach Pro-Am next month.
ALSO READ: Djokovic equals record as he outshines Rublev to reach Australian Open semi-finals
In preparation for that competition, Bale played nine holes of pro-am play at Torrey Pines with Rahm on Tuesday, making a good impression on the world number three.
"I told Gareth, 'you can't be so good at professional football and golf at the same time', it just doesn't seem fair," Rahm said.
"You can't be dedicated to one thing and have this much talent for golf, it's not fair in the slightest!
"You can tell he loves this sport, he loves golf and he really wants to get to play a little bit more, so hopefully in the future I'll see him more times in the pro-am."
ALSO READ: Harry Kane attains legendary status, becomes Tottenham joint-leading scorer in Premier League
Questioned on whether Bale asked him for any advice, Rahm said: "He didn't ask for anything, nor should he be asking, he's already good enough.
"Like I said, he has no business being that good when he's a professional football player. When he can actually practice more, he's going to get a lot better.
"He got two strokes, which I think is already wrong. He should be giving strokes back to the rest of the amateurs because he is a very, very good player."
Tags: Bales Business Gareth Gareth Bale golf good Hails Jon Rahm Pebble Beach Pro-Am Progolfer Skills
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text:
Lorenzo Carcassi was a 1700s Florentine instrument maker. He often worked with his younger sibling and business partner, Tomaso Carcassi.

He and Tomaso were probably students of Giovanni Baptista Gabrielli, another Florentine instrument maker. His instruments are played to this day by artists including Gwendolyn Masin (a violin from 1761) and Vito Paternoster (a violoncello from 1792).

References

Instrument makers
1700s in music
Businesspeople from Florence


text:
Maarten Jozef de Bast (ook Martinus Johannes de Bast; Gent, 12 oktober 1753 – aldaar, 11 april 1825) was een Zuid-Nederlands geestelijke. Hij was een van de auteurs van het Manifest van de provintie van Vlaenderen (1790).

Biografie
De Bast was de zoon van kruidenier Jan Baptist de Bast en Jeanne-Colette Verschelden. Hij was pastoor van de Sint-Jacobskerk (1787) en vervolgens van de Sint-Niklaaskerk (1787-1817) en nadien kanunnik van de Sint-Baafskathedraal te Gent.

Hij was samen met Karel Jozef de Graeve en Jan Jozef Raepsaet mede-auteur van het Manifest van de provintie van Vlaenderen, de onafhankelijkheidsverklaring van het graafschap Vlaanderen van 4 januari 1790. Meer bepaald was De Bast verantwoordelijk voor de Nederlandse versie van de tekst, die in het Frans en het Nederlands werd opgesteld. Zijn broer Joseph Franciscus De Bast was griffier van de Staten van Vlaanderen, die in die hoedanigheid het manifest verkondigde op 4 januari 1790 op de Vrijdagmarkt te Gent.

Onder Napoleon was hij een verdediger van het concordaat tussen keizer en paus.

Einde 1815 werd hij lid van een zeskoppige commissie aangesteld door koning Willem I om de organisatie van het universitair onderwijs in de Zuidelijke Nederlanden voor te bereiden. Het is onder meer dankzij de inspanningen van De Bast dat er in Gent een nieuwe universiteit werd gesticht door Willem I, de Rijksuniversiteit Gent.

Hij was actief als oudheidkundige en numismaat. Zijn Recueil d'antiquités romaines et gauloises, trouvées dans la Flandre proprement dite (1804, nieuwe uitgave in 1808) vormt nog altijd de basis voor de kennis van de archeologische ontdekkingen in die periode. Het Munt- en Penningkabinet van de Universiteit Gent vindt zijn oorsprong in zijn privécollectie, aangevuld door zijn neef en graveur Lieven de Bast. Deze munten- en penningenverzameling werd in 1825 aangekocht door Willem I in 1827 en gedeeltelijk geschonken aan de Gentse Universiteit.

Hij was lid van het Koninklijk Instituut der Nederlanden en van de Academie van Letteren en Wetenschappen te Brussel en een reeks andere wetenschappelijke gezelschappen.

Werken

Entretien de la créature avec son Créateur sur l'état actuel des affaires du tems, s.l., 1790.
Recueil d'antiquités romaines et gauloises, trouvées dans la Flandre proprement dite, avec désignation des lieux ou on les a découvertes, Gent, 1804 (nieuwe uitgave: Gent, 1808).
Premier supplément au recueil d'antiquités romaines et gauloises, [...] en réponse à l'ouvrage intitulé, La topographie de l'ancienne ville de Gand, par Mr. Charles-Louis Diericx, Gent, 1809.
Second supplément au recueil d'antiquités romaines et gauloises, contenant la description de l'ancienne ville de Bavai et de Famars, suivi de remarques historiques et critiques sur les prétendus Forestiers de Flandre, sur les Missi Dominici, sur quelques nouvelles découvertes d'anciens monuments de la période romaine faites dans la Flandre proprement dite et sur plusieurs points intéressants du moyen âge, Gent, 1813.
L'institution des communes dans la Belgique pendant les douzième et treizième siècles, suivie d'un traité sur l'existence chimérique de nos Forestiers de Flandre, Gent, 1819.
L'ancienneté de la ville de Gand établie par des chartes et par d'autres monumens authentiques, Gent, 1821

Literatuur

 'Nécrologie', Bulletin des Sciences historiques, antiquités, philologie, 4 (1825), 80.
 A. de Bast, 'Notice biographique', Messager des Sciences et des Arts de la Belgique, ou Nouvelles Archives historiques, littéraires et scientifiques, 4 (1836), 193-198.
 M. Siegenbeek, '[Levensbericht van Martin Jean de Bast]', Jaarboek van de Maatschappij der Nederlandse Letterkunde, 1825, 57-58.
 J. Roulez, 'De Bast (Martin-Jean)', Biographie nationale, IV, Brussel, 1873, 756-760.
 K. Verboven, De zogenaamde collectie 'De Bast'. Twintig eeuwen muntgeschiedenis in de collectie van de Gentse Universiteitsbibliotheek, Gent, 2001.

Zuid-Nederlands historicus (voor 1830)
Zuid-Nederlands kanunnik (voor 1830)
Voorman in het graafschap Vlaanderen
Voorman in de Verenigde Nederlandse Staten
Persoon in de Nederlanden in de 18e eeuw
18e-eeuws historicus
Persoon in de Brabantse Omwenteling


text:
Bearcats win fourth straight league title: Boys team advances to CIF finals
By: Connor Allen - Updated: 1 year ago
SAN LUIS OBISPO —Last Thursday was the final day of the PAC 8 Cross Country season and with it, the reign of the Paso Robles Bearcats boys team continues with a fourth consecutive league title. Of the four wins, this season was the closest race and came down to only a single point. The Bearcats competition this season was the Arroyo Grande Eagles and according to Athletic Director Anthony Morales, "...It was a man-on-man dogfight to the finish." he said. The race was closeout throughout the entire course, each team placing a runner in front of someone from the opposing school, someone they knew they had to beat. AG was able to finish in front of the Bearcats no.1 and no.5 runner, but Paso's no.2, no.3, and no.4 runners all finished in front of their Eagle opponents. For the majority of the race, AG was in the lead but Paso had a strong push at the end of the course to give them the lead 35-36. Pablo Cortes finished second overall and tied the school record for the course set by Trad Berti in 2016 when he finished with a time of 15:47. Steven Scruggs finished fifth overall and second for the team with a time of 16:19:21. Damien Galivan finished seventh overall and third for the Bearcats coming in at 16:21:52, Michael Hernandez finished twelfth in the race running 16:35:90 and Jason Scruggs finished twenty second with a time of 17:18:20. The Bearcats barely edged out the Eagles and ended with a team time of 1:21:39 which was six seconds faster than the Eagles final time.The boys have taken three minutes off of their total time from the mid-season meet and recorded the second-fastest time in school history.
If the Bearcats were susceptible to losing their crown it would have been this season because the team is young and because they graduated some of their senior leaders to Division 1 Universities. With only one senior on the roster this season, the Bearcats dynasty will look to continue next year in the Central Section where they dominated all year.
The Bearcats girls cross country team also ran well on Thursday and pushed all the way into third place in the PAC 8 when they were slotted in the four spot for most of the year. The girl's team shaved over two minutes off of their mid-season time on Thursday and are over three minutes faster than the CIF team from a year ago. Freshman Grace Chamberlain led the Bearcats finishing eighth overall with a time of 20:32:14 and was followed closely by teammate Jasmine Rangel who finished ninth with a time of 20:37:21. Madeline Loff finished eighteenth (21:14:24), Maya Caselli finished twentieth (21:28:74), and Jill Schlickeiser finished twenty-second with a time of 21:36:18. The girls final time was 1:45:28 with their final score being 77.
This last weekend the boys and girls cross country teams traveled to Riverside to run in the Division 2 prelims where the top 26 teams would advance. The Boys had another fantastic showing placing first in Division 2 with 78 points. Pablo Cortes led the Bearcats once again finished seventh overall setting a personal best with a time of 15:24.3. All of the Bearcats top five runners placed in the top 26 places in the race. Steven Scruggs finished eleventh, Damien Galivan finished fourteenth, Michael Hernandez finished twentieth and Ian Young finished twenty-sixth.
The girl's team finished in fourteenth place overall with 369 total points. Jasmine Rangel was the fastest Lady Bearcats on Saturday placing thirty sixths when she set a personal record with a time of 19:04.9. Rangel was the only girl Bearcat to finish inside the top 75. Only the boys team will advance because on the top 12 teams make it into the CIF finals.
© 2019-Paso Robles Press
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Last Thursday was the final day of the PAC 8 Cross Country season and with it, the reign of the Paso Robles Bearcats boys team continues with a fourth consecutive league title. Of the four wins, this season was the closest race and came down to only a single point.