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Search in titles only Search in Politics & Current Events only
hostage situation in sydney CBD
topsykretts
[SIZE=4][FONT=palatino linotype]"[COLOR=#323232]There are reports that two gunmen have taken hostages, some of which are standing with their hands up at the windows in the popular Lindt chocolate shop, which has two or three entrances. There is also a black and white flag being held up in a window. It is believed to be the Black Standard, a jihadist flag.[/COLOR]"
http://www.news.com.au/national/a-ma...-1227156241649
and so it begins... the threat is real and it is happening much closer to us than we hope.
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Originally posted by topsykretts View Post
To be fair, very little concrete information is currently known.
Originally posted by Michelle O'Brien View Post
Unfortunately you rarely rob at gun point chocolate shops. I doubt it is out of gluttony and believe there is something much more sinister and politically motivated going on.
[SIZE=4][FONT=palatino linotype]and while little concrete evidence is known, it is a fact that there is some element of political and/or religious driving factor. hostages are asked to hold [COLOR=#323232]the Black Standard, a jihadist flag, up against the windows.[/COLOR][/FONT]
[FONT=palatino linotype][COLOR=#323232]little new developments have been updated on the news since police moved reporters to an area out of vision of the siege area.[/COLOR][/FONT][/SIZE]
And all of that currently is conjecture. It COULD (just) be a mentally ill person.
Wait for the facts.
It COULD (just) be a mentally ill person.
I am not sure what the fact that it could be a mentally ill person would change to the dramatic situation of the hostages. The facts are that an undisclosed number of hostages are being held hostages and that they have been forced to held up a black flag with the shahada printed on it. Not really conjectures.
Whoever is holding the gun, the situation IS sinister and the fact that an Islamic flag has been given to the hostages to be held IS a political message.
DanInAceh
Originally posted by atlantis View Post
Indeed. However, local authorities are still throwing out question marks about the motives of the hostage takers.
"Prime minister Tony Abbott and NSW police commissioner Andrew Scipione say the motives of the siege are not known."
http://www.theguardian.com/australia...lace-cafe-live
The "chatter" concerning attacks in Australia has largely been focused on public executions committed by lone wolves. This seems to fit that bill. Here's hoping he (or they?) are killed before they can pull it off.
Originally posted by DanInAceh View Post
I believe that you understand that these statements are part of the normal procedure when a hostage situation arises, don't you.
Being in contact with the hostage takers for a few hours now and with 5 hostages having fled from the cafe, I believe that NSW police has a clearer understanding of the situation than what they say about it to the press.
They have to manage a dramatic situation but also have to take in account the public opinion reaction, which in itself could create more troubles than the hostage situation they have to deal with immediately.
Fair points. I read IS as Islamic State not IS.
It's the motive that is not yet clear. Press coverage though has cited both one and two gunman/men. We shall see. Terrifying whatever the basis.
I understand when you're being condescending. That much I get.
What sort of political leverage could they gain from obfuscating the obvious? None, though perhaps they fear race riots on the level of Cronulla. Anyone who is set off in such a manner isn't going to be reassured one way or the other by comments from Abbott.
I've re-read my post and failed to spot where you could feel that I was condescending. Anyway, if you felt so, Please accept my apologies. It wasn't my intention.
What they try to do is to avoid or minimize panic, Dan, and avoid as much as possible any form of pressure on the negociation. At 2 pm oz time, a high ranking NSW police officer was still stating that they were working out the meaning of the flag. Do you believe that they didn't figure out it was the shahada?
When an hostage situation arise, the less you give to the medias, the better it is. That's a bottom rule.
Last edited by atlantis; 15-12-14, 15:02.
http://www.smh.com.au/nsw/lindt-choc...15-1278cx.html
6:01pm: This just in from the SMH reporter Tim Elliott:
The Martin Place hostage taker has requested police locate an Islamic State flag for him, according to a senior figure in the Sydney Muslim community.
"The man inside the café said that if police could get him an ISIS flag, then he would release some hostages," said the senior figure.
"A contact I know from Counter Terrorism phoned me four or five times today asking if I could find them an ISIS flag, in a hurry. At one stage I had a team of people trying to find one," the senior figure told Elliott.
After receiving the calls, the community leader rang everyone she knew: "I must have called 50 people trying to find an IS flag. I found plenty of people who had one, but they didn't want to give them up. They also believed that the police were trying set them up."
The source said that the request may indicate the gunman wishes to be seen as part of IS.
"Or it could mean that he could be from Jabhat Al-Nusra, which hates IS, and he might want to burn that IS flag to make a statement," the source said.
Possession of the ISIS flag is illegal.
Wonder if the police is still officially wondering about the nature of the threat they have to deal with? Perhaps you won't admit or realize it Dan, but the attitude of the police and politics is exactly what is required for the public opinion to remain calm and away from panic.
That's reassuring.
Wonder if the police is still officially wondering about the nature of the threat they have to deal with? Perhaps you won't admit or realize it than, but the attitude of the police and politics is exactly what is required for the public opinion to remain calm and away from panic.
How's that supposed to maintain calm? Because they omitted the obvious?
They didn't omit that because they were worried about maintaining calm, they did so because the concern is conflating Islam with terrorism and how a political career can be jeopardized by accusations of "racism" (despite Islam not being a race).
It is the case in ANY hostage crisis, Dan. Not only those who involve Islam. Police communicate a minima with the medias when such situation arise and this until the outcome of the crisis. It has nothing to do with being scared of being accused to be racist.
Didn't you notice that police have not communicate on the number of hostages, the number of hostage takers, the alleged bomb planted in the business district...etc. Is that by fear of conflating with Islam or being labelled racist?
[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Arial][FONT=inherit]6:39pm:[/FONT]
Update from NSW Police
[FONT=inherit]Burn says that there will be an exclusion zone in place around Martin Place, but otherwise people should come into the city as normal.[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]"It is a sensitive negotiation," she said.[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]"We are prevented from providing a great deal of information. Please be assured though that all police resources are in place.[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]"We have the best negotiators in the world."[/FONT]
[/FONT][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Arial][FONT=inherit]6:36pm: Burn says that the situation is now unfolding as a "negotiation" with the armed person.[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]She said the approach was the deal with the situation "peacefully."[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]"It might take a bit of time but that is our approach."[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]"We will be working into the night if this situation continues and we will be looking at arrangements for tomorrow."[/FONT]
[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Arial][FONT=inherit]6:35pm: Deputy Police Commissioner Catherine Burn is now providing an update on the hostage crisis[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]"We know that there are people being held in the building at Martin Place. We know that there is a person who is armed also in the premises."[/FONT]
[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Arial][FONT=inherit]6:32pm: NSW Police have requested that all demands reportedly made by the gunman through hostages not be made public.[/FONT]
[FONT=inherit]This blog is retracting reports of multiple demands that had come from a number of media outlets, including Fairfax Media
[/FONT][/FONT][/COLOR]
Burn will not say whether the five people to emerge from the cafe escaped or were released.
The police will not confirm what the gunman is asking for. Nor will they confirm how many people remain in the building.
[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Arial][FONT=inherit]
[/FONT][/FONT][/COLOR]Perhaps that the official request to the medias from the police is also made in order for the medias not to be labelled racist? Or so is the fact that the police maintain the black out concerning the fact that hostages have been released or escaped ? Dan?
Perhaps you may find me again condescending when pointing out at the ludicrousness of your statement concerning the Police attitude but I suggest that you read more about hostage crisis negotiation. They are just doing their job in order to keep away public opinion of panicking or interfering in anyway with the ongoing negotiations. I also note that so far they do this job well because they've managed to avoid the hostage taker to have an open tribune and by doing so they also have avoided that he/they become more radical with the attention given.[COLOR=#000000][FONT=Arial]
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Almost All New US Power Plants Built in 2021 Will Be Carbon-Free
Federal data reveals that natural gas will supply just 16 percent of new power plants this year as cheap wind and solar power take over the market.
Julian Spector January 14, 2021
Julian Spector
Julian is a staff writer at Greentech Media, where he reports on the transition to a clean energy system. He pays particular attention to the energy storage industry, and writes the weekly Storage Plus column for GTM Squared. Julian also writes a weekly personal newsletter about the rise of clean energy called Bright Ideas. Previously, Julian reported for CityLab at The Atlantic and conducted grant-funded climate change reporting in Bangladesh. He graduated from Duke University.
Large scale solar plants will bring more new capacity online this year than any other electricity source.
Wind and solar make up a small share of U.S. electricity production today, but they're poised to supply 70 percent of new power plant capacity built this year.
That's not according to pro-solar activists or industry trade groups. It's the calculation of the federal government.
Solar will deliver the most new capacity, with 39 percent, according to the latest tally by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. Wind follows close behind with 31 percent. The long-awaited Vogtle nuclear plant in Georgia could finally wrap up one of its reactors this year, contributing another 3 percent. And battery storage will grow to 11 percent of new capacity, with a carbon impact determined by the cleanliness of the electricity that charges them.
Natural gas, the dominant fuel source for U.S. electricity, is only expected to account for 16 percent of new power plant capacity. Almost all of those gas generators are popping up in Texas, Ohio or Pennsylvania, the EIA noted.
This tabulation spans competitive markets and states where monopoly utilities call the shots. Notably, it only counts utility-scale projects, so solar and batteries at homes and businesses will yield an even bigger clean energy tally. In any case, the numbers indicate that the power industry has not simply accepted wind and solar power, but embraced them to such an extent that they dominate new construction. Of the new plants built this year, 84 percent will deliver electricity without burning fossil fuels.
Large-scale solar plants take the lead as the largest source of new power plant capacity this year, according to a government analysis. (Graphic credit: EIA)
That's a remarkable shift from the market landscape just a few years ago and reflects continued cost declines as the industry scales up and renewable supply chains mature. The numbers arrive as the incoming Biden administration is contemplating major legislation to stimulate the economy and grapple with planet-warming emissions at the same time.
In the past, when wind and solar were more expensive, opponents of clean energy investment framed it as a threat to the economy. President Donald Trump made that case when he pulled out of the Paris climate agreement, which he alleged would impose "draconian financial and economic burdens."
But clean energy looks less threatening to industry when power companies themselves overwhelmingly choose it to meet their needs. In recent years, nearly all major publicly traded utility companies have pledged to zero out their carbon emissions by mid-century. That's not as aggressive a timeline as president-elect Joe Biden's proposed deadline of 2035 for a zero-carbon power system, but it's aligned on the desired end state.
The 2021 outlook isn't all good for carbon-free power sources, however.
Nuclear plants, which produce emissions-free power all day and night, will lead the chart for power plants shutting down this year. New York's Indian Point Unit 3 will close, reducing capacity for the crucial New York City region. The Exelon Corporation is shutting down its Byron and Dresden plants in Illinois. Those three plants add up to 5.1 gigawatts, roughly 5 percent of the nation's nuclear fleet.
Some 56 percent of the retiring power capacity this year will be nuclear, while coal plants account for 30 percent.
U.S. Solar Market Insight
Global solar PV operations & maintenance (O&M) 2020
Get the report >

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American Coins /
One Dollar /
United States of America, 2009 Presidential Dollars Proof
This set of four Proof Dollars was issued in 2009 to honour four American Presidents. These presidents were William Henry Harrison, John Tyler, James A. Polk and Zachary Taylor. If you, like me, have never heard of any of these American Presidents, their names may come in handy for one of the innumerable quiz shows on TV. Each coin is in brilliant Proof condition and the set is contained in a full colour display case, as issued. Learn about some obscure American Presidents by owning a Dollar coin of each.
SKU: FUS9105
Elizabeth II, 1994 Mint Set
1994 was a year to remember, The Channel Tunnel was officially opened by the Queen and the French President, Nelson Mandela became president of South Africa, classic films such as Pulp Fiction and Forrest Gump were then released. The year also marked the 300th anniversary of the Bank of England. In 1994 The Royal Mint also issued its usual Mint Set of coins in Specimen Uncirculated. We have a small group where the outer folder is a bit worn, but the coins inside are perfect. You get 1p, 2p, 5p, 10p not issued for regular usage, 20p, 50p 50th anniversary of the end of World War II, £1 Scottish and £2 300th anniversary of the Bank of England. Some of these coins are tough to get especially in Specimen Uncirculated condition...
Elizabeth II, 1967 Sandhill Mint Set
This is a set of the last pre-decimal coins issued for circulation all the coins are Uncirculated and dated 1967. The set contains the 1/2d, 1d, 3d, 6d, 2/- and 2/6. There is no shilling as the last shilling was minted in 1966. The case is one of Sandhill plastic display cases and is being collected on its own, a dealer paid me £5 each for the empty cases. You get the case plus all the 1967 pre-decimal coins in uncirculated for just £19.50 but please remember that we only have 20 collections in stock.
United States, Civil War Medal Collection
This is a fantastic set for the United States Civil War 1861-1865. Yes, it was fought about slavery and yes, there are some remnants of the old South still around. But please remember it was a historical event in a historic time and in this case the good guys won. As the reverse of each medallion states in large letters 'Abolition of Slavery'. This set is very special We know you will enjoy it. The South wanted slavery and so they seceded from the North. It was a bloody war of brother against brother. It changed much but also left many with scars. This set is magnificent! Five crownsized medallions that have been gold plated with several surprises. On the reverse of each medal there is a facing portrait of Abraham Lincoln. He fought for peace and died for peace. You have full colour renditions of battles, soldier fighting soldier, both flags going into battle. On one you have a most moving portrait of Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant. The collection comes in a handsome metal case where you can vary the thickness of the inner display by just removing some of the padding. It is a fantastic set from the packaging on up wards. It's beautiful and the entire package of five medallions and the metal display case is just £19.50!
Dime (4)
Quarter Dollar (2)
Half Dollar (25)
Morgan Silver Dollar (2)
Five Dollars (0)
American Coin Sets (14)
US Commemorative Medals (8)
US Medallions (2)
Other US Collectables (5)


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Kim Michelle Toft is the author and illustrator of a collection of beautiful environmentally-themed picture books focussing on the conservation of marine environments. I have previously introduced you to Michelle when we spoke about her books The Underwater Twelve Days of Christmas and Coral Sea Dreaming.
Kim illustrates all her books with unique and beautiful silk paintings. You can view Kim's painting process in videos that show 40 hours of work in two minutes on her website here.
In this post, to coincide with a special giveaway, we discuss her beautiful book I Can Swim a Rainbow.
About I Can Swim a Rainbow
I Can Swim a Rainbow adapts the lyrics of Arthur Hamilton's song I Can Sing a Rainbow, with which most young children are familiar, to the colours of the ocean and its inhabitants. As are all Kim's books, it is illustrated with her magnificent and unique silk paintings which highlight the beauty of the ocean's colours. As always, the environmental message of this book is as strong as its pages are beautiful as it calls us to protect the world's fragile reef environments.
Readers are enticed to count and sing as they swim from page to page through an ocean of rainbow colours. They will be mesmerised by the brilliance of the colours and intrigued by the detail in each illustration as they seek and find the multitude of animals in each rainbow hue. But not just the rainbow colours, black and white are not forgotten, and Kim even includes a page with marine creatures outlined in black which you are invited to copy and colour.
At the back of the book, Kim includes a message about the importance of protecting our coral reefs. And, just in case you don't find or recognise every species of marine creature Kim has included, for every page, there is a numbered illustration with accompanying notes about each species. With 18 on red, 22 on yellow, 8 each on pink and green, 10 on purple, 15 on orange, 11 on blue, and another 8 on black and white; there's bound to be at least one or two that are as yet unfamiliar to you.
In addition, Kim has included information about rainbows, the colour wheel, the different qualities of colour and the music and lyrics for her version, as well as the original song. As with all her books, Kim takes her role of educator as seriously as she shares her passion for the beauty and diversity of the marine eco-system and its inhabitants in such a unique and compelling way.
Kim is currently giving you the opportunity of receiving a free copy of the picture book and accompanying CD when you purchase a limited edition print of one of the artworks used in I Can Swim a Rainbow.
I Can Swim A Rainbow cover and CD (c) Kim Michelle Toft
As I already own a beautiful print by Kim, I thought you might like to know that you can own one too — a beautiful addition to any home or classroom and a perfect gift for someone special.
All prints come with a certificate of authenticity and are 70 cm x 30 cm. They are A$110 each.
Kim's giveaway is available until 18 October. Click here for more information.
The following prints are available:
Rainbow_Multicolour from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow_BLUE from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow_GREEN from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow_ORANGE from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow_PINK from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow_PURPLE from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow_YELLOW from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Rainbow-Black from I Can Swim a Rainbow (c) Kim Michelle Toft
Remember to check out the collection of
Including these, and other, ocean-themed resources:
Subscribe now for access to all readilearn resources or browse to purchase individual resources.
If you haven't already, follow @readilearn on Twitter and readilearnteachingresources on Instagram and like the readilearnteachingresources Facebook page.
WOW (I just wrote that and then see other bloggers said the same thing). What stunning illustrations. What a beautiful book that honors our environment.
They are stunning, Pam. I don't think we can say 'Wow!' too often. Her work is a beautiful record of marine life. Hopefully it will encourage others to work harder to preserve it.
the artwork is stunning; love the environmental message.
Kim does a lot for our world through her beautiful work.
it's wonderful that she uses her talent for good!
It is! She is a wonderful role model.
Wow, stunning images. And what an amazing process of creating art for the books. Amazing. I will check them all out. Thanks for the introduction to Kim and her work. 🙂
Debby, I'm so pleased you are as impressed by Kim's work as I am. They are truly works of art; intricate in detail and beautiful to behold.
Absolutely stunning artwork! 🙂
It is, Debby. 🙂
Those are gorgeous prints, Kim (and Norah). So full of life and energy. Good luck with this book!
Thank you, Jacqui. It is a gorgeous book.
I love this! What a perfect book to showcase a beloved song, or the other way around. 🙂 Gorgeous illustrations!
It is, Jennie. It works both ways, and encourages an interest in marine wildlife and conservation at the same time. You can't do much better than that.
Thank you, Jennie. 💖
You're welcome, Norah. 😍


Hi, guys it is Paul here just letting you all know that I will begin forecasting January 1st for Hokkaido. I will be focusing on the major ski areas along with doing my best to give you a heads up on which resorts to avoid due to inclement weather. Since I was putting together my sources and getting prepped I decided to give a little preview for the Niseko region.
Snow looks to start again early this morning with the heavier snow moving into Niseko around breakfast. By noon the worst should be over, with some decent new powder to enjoy. Kiroro could pick up an additional 15-30cm (6-12") with western facing slopes picking up the highest amounts.
It should be a nice morning to sleep in if you are staying in Niseko propper, being in the shadow of Niseko Annupuri will help limit the snow totals to 4-8cm (1-3"), with the highest amounts near Niseko Mt. Resort Grand Hirafu. The slopes should pick up an additional 8-10cm (3-4") near the base increasing to upwards of 20cm (8") at the upper reaches. Similarly, Mt Yoti should pick up 20-25 cm (8-10") near the summit.
That is just a little peak at the forecasting now. Starting January 1st I will be including additional information, such as wind and temperatures, and covering other regions such as Kamui Ski Links, Sahoro, and other popular slopes on Hokkaido. If anyone has snow reports, comments, or questions please feel free to ask and I will get them answered for you. Have a great day and check back on the 1st for customized ski and snowboard weather forecasts.


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Home Entertainment Movies Star Wars: The Force Awakens shatters records but can it also save...
Star Wars: The Force Awakens shatters records but can it also save Hollywood?
To the surprise of few, Star Wars The Force Awakens is now the all time opening box office champ posting mind boggling numbers right from the $57 million Thursday. Some of the records:
Largest Friday, Opening Day, Single Day: $120.5 million (estimated)
Previous Record: $91 million (Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Part 2)
•	Domestic Opening Weekend: $238 million (estimate)
Previous Record: $208.8 million (Jurassic World)
•	Fastest to $100 Million: 1 Day
Previous Record: 2 Days (Jurassic World)
It was thought that SW:TFA would not surpass Jurassic World's worldwide opening weekend gross, but it surpasssed estimates to do that as well, taking in $524.9, not even counting China.
Of course there is nothing like Star Wars, but having a movie with a 95% Rotten Tomatoes record hasn't hurt. In the Times, Brooks Barnes suggests that it's also part of a studio strategy to make movies people want to see but combining massive beloved franchises:
"Star Wars" has long been in a league of its own. But "The Force Awakens" also represents the way that Hollywood hopes to battle back after years of soft domestic ticket sales, piracy and competition from video games and television. Focusing on nostalgic film properties with familiar, often cherished characters, studios are assembling Death Star-sized movies that can capture the public's imagination in ways reminiscent of the earliest years of blockbusterdom, before the hyper-fragmentation of pop culture.
Consumers are just beginning to see this strategy — "Jurassic World," which took in $208.8 million over its first three days in June, was an early example — but studios have been engaging in a behind-the-scenes arms race for several years. The results are just now coming to market.
Among the other films that are part of this bold strategy: more Indiana Jones movies, more Jurassic World, three more Avatar films, the Universal monsters reboot, King Kong vs Godzilla and Batman v. Superman: Dawn of Justice
The article suggest that even studio heads have decided that moar and moar CGI is not the only route to moviegoers hearts. The Force Awakens emphasis on building characters, and eschewing endless drone/clone armies may just be common sense, but then, that has never ruled in Hollywood.
Writing for the LA Times, Rebecca Keegan also points out that the diverse cast of Stars Wars TFA, far from being an outlier, reflects general trends at the box office:
While director J.J. Abrams' "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" has satisfied many fans of the series by returning to the exuberant spirit of Lucas' early films, the latest movie also creates clever, funny, courageous new characters who reflect our diverse, modern world. "Star Wars: The Force Awakens" follows on the heels of some of this year's biggest box office hits, from the final movie in the female-led "Hunger Games" franchise to the seventh film in the ethnically diverse "Fast and Furious" series, which affirmed that audiences show up when then they see characters on-screen who look something like them.
And in case you were keeping score, TFA also passes the Bechdel test:
Two of the "Star Wars" prequels pass the test, for exchanges Natalie Portman's politician Padmé Amidala has with some of her handmaidens. The new film passes for the brief scene with Rey and Leia as well as a long, mostly expository scene between Rey and Maz Kanata. (Though that scene with Maz is open to interpretation — it includes a mention of Luke Skywalker but is not about Luke Skywalker. Strict Bechdelists may disagree, but for me it passes, because the female characters are talking about the Force.)
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https://www.comicsbeat.com
Heidi MacDonald is an award-winning editor/journalist with 20 years. An editor at Disney and DC Comics, she edited such titles as The Lion King, Scooby Doo, Swamp Thing, and Y: The Last Man. She cohosts Publishers Weekly's graphic novel podcast More to Come.
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Brad Ricca 12/21/2015 2:53 pm At 2:53 pm
With the exception of the usual suspects, the cool thing about VII that also kind of saves Hollywood is that it resurrected the experience of going to the movies. Not only because of the cheering, dressing up, and general Hollywood feel it gave to Anytown, USA, but also because it seemed like the first time in forever that audiences, studios, and the media (!) were all together in preserving the experience for the theatergoer. Oh, the Internet tried weakly with its avatars and listicles, but it failed in the face of such monumental numbers, both critical and box office. The experience — which is what Star Wars is — delivered. because we recognized that it can only really work in a darkened movie theater.
George 12/21/2015 4:35 pm At 4:35 pm
:"Among the other films that are part of this bold strategy …"
I hope you were being sarcastic, Heidi, because it's not a bold strategy. It's the safest and most conservative strategy possible. Stick to proven formulas and give 'em old and familiar characters. Pander to nostalgia whenever possible. Yeah, that's taking chances!
Before long, this Onion satire may become reality: "MPAA adds new rating to warn audiences of films not based on existing works:"
http://www.theonion.com/article/mpaa-adds-new-rating-warn-audiences-films-not-base-51651
AAB 12/23/2015 12:03 am At 12:03 am
Could it every be possible for someone like Abrams to be like -I am not going to spend almost a billion dollars on some sci fi movie, while kids are starving, and jobs are being out-sourced just because the labor is cheaper, as people obsess on how others are different and then how to be a bigot and act pretentious about being a 'hater'., so Abrams then invests in new institutions, and places were people can regain hope that work ethic, education, and cooperation will again have 'value', and training, and assistance is available for everyone… -like that is an 'impossibility, since no one know about anyone that can provide hope, yet we know all about a brands that use the word 'hope' in their movie scripts. Wow, I am an 'American'.
Could it every be possible for someone like Abrams to be like -I am not going to spend almost a billion dollars on some sci fi movie, while kids are starving, and jobs are being out-sourced just because the labor is cheaper, as people obsess on how others are different and then how to be a bigot and act pretentious about being a 'hater'. So Abrams then invests in new institutions, and places were people can regain hope that work ethic, education, and cooperation will again have 'value', and training, and assistance is available for everyone… -like that is an 'impossibility, since no one knows about anyone that is real that can provide hope, yet we know all about brands that use the word 'hope' in their movie scripts. Wow, I am an 'American'. This movie was OK… K-Ren-dawg lives of course… Harrison Ford is like "thank God, Im out of this, no more, fini, baby!" I agree. The merchandising, the merchandising, the off-shore banking, and the USA is the number one consumer of cocaine, Oxycontin, and heroin. Imagine if the funds from Star Wars went towards addiction treatments, and just training a new work force -USE THE 'work' FORCE, LUKE!
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improved interface and 32 new features, including loads of additional changes and fixes (changelog).
Due to our 0.4.0 preview having a few errors in merging with StrongDC++, we're announcing a highly recommended upgrade so you can securely upgrade without experiencing any performance issues.
Woo, version1 (beta) at last. We've come quite far in a year really to already be at this stage.
Yay I found a problem. LOL. Luckily it aint the client, its a file missin from the server.
and w00t at the guest count of 328 reading this.
BTW - "913 user(s) active in the past 60 minutes".
Well done guys, congrat with 1 year of a great dc client.
I see this exception always time then connect to hub and wait several seconds.
Offtopic: Please change default charset for russin style of this forum from iso-8859-1 to utf8.
It's there and is more or less live, except the time it takes the file to update.
Yeeees, Thank you VERY VERY MUCH!!!
We already tried and it messed up our English characters.
Please be aware there's been report of a frequent crash with the beta. If you receive this crash, simply downgrade back to 0.4.0 and wait for an update.


text:
APGreenhouse::APGreenhouse(Json::Value& config) {
    _jsonQueryObj = new APSimpleJSONQuery();
    std::string databaseFile = config["sqlite3_file"].asString();
    _sqlDb = new APSimpleSQL(databaseFile);
    _config = config;
}

APGreenhouse::~APGreenhouse() {
    delete _jsonQueryObj;
    delete _sqlDb;
}

void APGreenhouse::InitializeSQLTables() {
    // Create the needed tables
    if (_sqlDb != NULL) {
        _sqlDb->BeginTransaction();
        try{
            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS gh_data_points (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, timestamp integer, synchronized integer DEFAULT 0);");
            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS index_gh_data_points_on_timestamp ON gh_data_points (timestamp);");

            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS gh_sensor_data (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, sensor_id integer, temperature float, humidity float, gh_data_point_id integer);");
            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS index_gh_sensor_data_on_gh_data_point_id ON gh_sensor_data (gh_data_point_id);");

            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS gh_system_data (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, soc_temperature float, wlan0_link_quality float, wlan0_signal_level integer, storage_total_size integer,storage_used integer, storage_avail integer, gh_data_point_id integer);");
            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS index_gh_system_data_on_gh_data_point_id ON gh_system_data(gh_data_point_id);");

            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS gh_image_data (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL, filename text, gh_data_point_id integer);");
            _sqlDb->DoSQL("CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS index_gh_image_data_on_gh_data_point_id ON gh_image_data(gh_data_point_id);");
        } catch (APSQLException& e) {
            _sqlDb->RollbackTransaction();
            throw e;
        }

        _sqlDb->EndTransaction();
    }
}

void APGreenhouse::GetLatestSensorData() {
    time_t started_at = time(NULL);
    int afterTimestamp = -1;
    time_t maxTimestamp = _getMaxTimestampDataPoint();
    int beginCount = _getCurrentDataPointCount();
    const char* messagePrefix = "| Getting greenhouse and local sensor data since [%s]:";

    // Convert the timestamp into a readable format
    struct tm localMaxTimestamp;
    char readableTime[64];
    (void) localtime_r(&maxTimestamp, &localMaxTimestamp);

    if (strftime(readableTime, sizeof(readableTime), "%D %R", &localMaxTimestamp) == 0) {
        (void) fprintf(stderr,  "ERROR: timestamp conversion failed!\n");
        strncpy(readableTime, "UNKNOWN", sizeof(readableTime));
    }

    fprintf(stdout, messagePrefix, readableTime);
    while (maxTimestamp > afterTimestamp) {
        afterTimestamp = maxTimestamp;
        char *response = _getUpdateFeed(afterTimestamp, 25);
        if (response != NULL && strlen(response) > 0) {
            _parseJSONResponse(response);
        } else {
            break;
        }

        maxTimestamp = _getMaxTimestampDataPoint();
        if (time(NULL) - started_at > 60) {
            // We are taking too long to fetch so we will break and let others have some time.
            break;
        }
    }
    // Let's print some useful statistics about what just happened.
    int endCount = _getCurrentDataPointCount();
    int delta = endCount - beginCount;
    int buffLen = 128;
    char *messagePostfix = (char*)calloc(buffLen, sizeof(char));
    char *message = (char*)calloc(buffLen, sizeof(char));
    char *spaces = (char*)calloc(buffLen, sizeof(char));

    if (delta == 1) {
        strncpy(messagePostfix, "[1 DATA POINT FETCHED] |\n", buffLen);
    } else if (delta > 1) {
        snprintf(messagePostfix, buffLen, "[%d DATA POINTS FETCHED] |\n", delta);
    } else {
        strncpy(messagePostfix, "[NO DATA AVAILABLE] |\n", buffLen);
    }

    int totalSpaces = 89 - (strlen(messagePrefix) + strlen(messagePostfix));
    for (int i = 0; i < totalSpaces; ++i) {
        strcat(spaces, " ");
    }
    fprintf(stdout, "%s%s", spaces, messagePostfix);

}

time_t APGreenhouse::_getMaxTimestampDataPoint() {
    time_t maxTimestampDataPoint = 0;
    _sqlDb->BeginSelect("SELECT MAX(timestamp) FROM gh_data_points");
    if (_sqlDb->StepSelect()) {
        maxTimestampDataPoint = (time_t)_sqlDb->GetColAsInt64(0);
    }
    _sqlDb->EndSelect();
    return maxTimestampDataPoint;
}

int APGreenhouse::_getCurrentDataPointCount() {
    int count = 0;
    _sqlDb->BeginSelect("SELECT COUNT(id) FROM gh_data_points");
    if (_sqlDb->StepSelect()) {
        count = _sqlDb->GetColAsInt64(0);
    }
    _sqlDb->EndSelect();
    return count;
}

char* APGreenhouse::_getUpdateFeed(int afterTimestamp, int maxResults) {
    char url[2048];
    snprintf(url, sizeof(url), "http://192.168.0.190/data_points.json?after_timestamp=%d&limit=%d", afterTimestamp, maxResults);
    JSONResponseStructType response = _jsonQueryObj->GetJSONResponseFromURL(url);
    return (response.size > 0 && response.success) ? response.buffer : NULL;
}

void APGreenhouse::_parseJSONResponse(char *response) {
    // Prep the JSON object...
    std::stringstream s;
    s << response;
    Json::Value root;
    s >> root;

    std::vector<APKeyValuePair*> *pairs = NULL;
    APKeyValuePair* pair;
    int64_t gh_data_point_id;
    _sqlDb->BeginTransaction();
    try {
        for (const Json::Value& json : root["data_points"]) {
            pairs = new std::vector<APKeyValuePair*>();
            // Timestamp
            if (json["id"] != Json::Value::null && json["timestamp"] != Json::Value::null) {
                gh_data_point_id = (int64_t)json["id"].asInt64();
                pair = new APKeyValuePair("id", gh_data_point_id);
                pairs->push_back(pair);

                int64_t timestamp = json["timestamp"].asInt64();
                pair = new APKeyValuePair("timestamp", timestamp);
                pairs->push_back(pair);
                if (json["synchronized"] != Json::Value::null) {
                    pair = new APKeyValuePair("synchronized", json["synchronized"].asInt64());
                    pairs->push_back(pair);
                }

                int64_t lastId = _sqlDb->DoInsert("gh_data_points", pairs);
                _freeVectorAndData(pairs);

                if(lastId == gh_data_point_id) {
                    // Try to parse any sensor data
                    for (const Json::Value& sensor_datum : json["sensor_data"]) {
                        if (sensor_datum["id"] != Json::Value::null && sensor_datum["sensor_id"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pairs = new std::vector<APKeyValuePair*>();

                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("id", sensor_datum["id"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("sensor_id", sensor_datum["sensor_id"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);

                            if (sensor_datum["temperature"] != Json::Value::null) {
                                pair = new APKeyValuePair("temperature", sensor_datum["temperature"].asDouble());
                                pairs->push_back(pair);
                            }

                            if (sensor_datum["humidity"] != Json::Value::null) {
                                pair = new APKeyValuePair("humidity", sensor_datum["humidity"].asDouble());
                                pairs->push_back(pair);
                            }

                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("gh_data_point_id", gh_data_point_id);
                            pairs->push_back(pair);

                            _sqlDb->DoInsert("gh_sensor_data", pairs);
                            _freeVectorAndData(pairs);
                        }
                    }
                    // Try and parse system datum
                    Json::Value system_datum = json["system_datum"];
                    if (system_datum != Json::Value::null && system_datum["id"] != Json::Value::null) {
                        pairs = new std::vector<APKeyValuePair*>();

                        pair = new APKeyValuePair("id", system_datum["id"].asInt64());
                        pairs->push_back(pair);

                        if (system_datum["soc_temperature"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("soc_temperature", system_datum["soc_temperature"].asDouble());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                        }

                        if (system_datum["wlan0_link_quality"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("wlan0_link_quality", system_datum["wlan0_link_quality"].asDouble());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                        }

                        if (system_datum["wlan0_signal_level"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("wlan0_signal_level", system_datum["wlan0_signal_level"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                        }

                        if (system_datum["storage_total_size"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("storage_total_size", system_datum["storage_total_size"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                        }

                        if (system_datum["storage_used"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("storage_used", system_datum["storage_used"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                        }

                        if (system_datum["storage_avail"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("storage_avail", system_datum["storage_avail"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                        }

                        pair = new APKeyValuePair("gh_data_point_id", gh_data_point_id);
                        pairs->push_back(pair);

                        _sqlDb->DoInsert("gh_system_data", pairs);
                        _freeVectorAndData(pairs);
                    }

                    // Try and parse image data
                    for (const Json::Value& image_datum : json["image_data"]) {
                        if (image_datum["id"] != Json::Value::null && image_datum["filename"] != Json::Value::null) {
                            pairs = new std::vector<APKeyValuePair*>();

                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("id", image_datum["id"].asInt64());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);
                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("filename", image_datum["filename"].asString());
                            pairs->push_back(pair);

                            pair = new APKeyValuePair("gh_data_point_id", gh_data_point_id);
                            pairs->push_back(pair);

                            _sqlDb->DoInsert("gh_image_data", pairs);
                            _freeVectorAndData(pairs);
                        }
                    }
                } else {
                    throw APException("Insert gh_data_point mismatched rowid!");
                }

            } else {
                if (json["id"] != Json::Value::null) {
                    throw APException("Invalid Greenhouse Json Feed: Missing id.");
                } else {
                    throw APException("Invalid Greenhouse Json Feed: Missing timestamp.");
                }
            }
        }
    } catch (APSQLException& e) {
        fprintf(stdout, "Failed with exception: %s", e.what());
        _sqlDb->RollbackTransaction();
        throw e;
    }
    _sqlDb->EndTransaction();
}

void APGreenhouse::_freeVectorAndData(std::vector<APKeyValuePair*>* pairs) {
    for (std::vector<APKeyValuePair *>::iterator it = pairs->begin(); it != pairs->end(); ++it) {
        delete (*it);
    }
    delete pairs;
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Survey of District Court Judges on a Proposed Amendment to Federal Rule of Evidence 801(d)(1)(B) Concerning Prior Consistent Statements
This report was prepared for the Advisory Committee on the Federal Rules of Evidence. Under the current version of Fed. R. Evid. 801(d)(1)(B), prior consistent statements are admissible for their substance as well as for their rehabilitation only if they rebut recent fabrication because they occurred before the fabrication motive. If a prior consistent statement is admissible for credibility but not admissible for substance, the opposing party is entitled to a jury instruction. Because of perceived difficulties with such an instruction, an amendment to Rule 801(d)(1)(B) was proposed to the Evidence Rules Committee. This paper reports the results of an FJC survey of district judges on matters related to the proposed amendment.
Managing Discovery of Electronic Information: A Pocket Guide for Judges, Second Edition [Superseded]
This second-edition pocket guide helps federal judges manage the discovery of electronically stored information (ESI). It encourages judges to actively manage cases that involve ESI through early intervention and sustained supervision and to use the many tools available to them—case-management conferences and orders, limits on discovery, tiered or phased discovery, sampling, cost shifting, and, if necessary, sanctions—to facilitate cooperation among opposing lawyers and to ensure that discovery is fair, reasonable, and proportional to each case. It covers issues unique to the discovery of ESI, including its scope, the allocation of costs, the form of production, the waiver of privilege and work product protection, and the preservation of data and spoliation.
Superseded by Managing Discovery of Electronic Information, Third Edition (2017).
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Fed. R. Civil P. 26, Fed. R. Civil P. 45, Federal Rules of Evidence, Fed. R. Evid. 502 May 21, 2012
Confidential Discovery: A Pocket Guide on Protective Orders
Among the reasons that courts issue protective orders in both civil and criminal cases is to keep discovery confidential on a showing of good cause. Experience has proved confidentiality protective orders to grease the wheels of discovery in many cases. The protective orders discussed in this pocket guide are different from sealing orders that protect the courts' own records and protective orders that protect information from discovery. Among the topics addressed here are blanket orders, stipulated orders, and designating discovery for attorney eyes only.
Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure July 8, 2012
Letter from FISA Court Presiding Judge Walton to Senate Judiciary Committee Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure July 29, 2013
Study of Class Action Objector Appeals in the Second, Seventh, and Ninth Circuit Courts of Appeals: Report to the Advisory Committee on Appellate Rules of the Judicial Conference of the United States
This report to the Judicial Conference's Advisory Committee on Appellate Rules focused on class action objector appeals filed in the Second, Seventh, and Ninth Circuits from settlements approved by the district courts in class actions filed after January 1, 2008. The objector appeals studied were filed from January 1, 2008, through March 1, 2013, in the Seventh Circuit, through June 1, 2013, in the Second Circuit, and through July 1, 2013, in the Ninth Circuit. The study focused on the overall frequency of class action objector appeals during the study period, the final disposition of the class action objector appeals filed and no longer pending, and the prevalence of Appellate Rule 7 cost bonds imposed on the objector appeals identified.
Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, Fed. R. App. P. 7, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Fed. R. Civil P. 23, Fed. R. Civil P. 7 October 1, 2013
Amended were Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 1007 and Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 1, 4, 16, 26, 30, 31, 33, 34, 37, and 55. Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 84 and the Appendix of Forms were abrogated.
Additional information about these amendments is available on the Federal Judicial Center's website:
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure 2015—Civil Rules Redline (document)
Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure, Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1007, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Fed. R. Civil P. 1, Fed. R. Civil P. 16, Fed. R. Civil P. 26, Fed. R. Civil P. 30, Fed. R. Civil P. 31, Fed. R. Civil P. 33, Fed. R. Civil P. 34, Fed. R. Civil P. 37, Fed. R. Civil P. 4, Fed. R. Civil P. 55, Fed. R. Civil P. 84 April 29, 2015
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure 2016—Transmittal to the Supreme Court
This package of materials was transmitted to the U.S. Supreme Court on October 9, 2015, concerning amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure to become effective on December 1, 2016.
Proposed are amendments to Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure 4, 5, 21, 25, 26, 27, 28, 28.1, 29, 32, 35, and 40, Forms 1, 5, and 6, and new Form 7; amendments to Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure 1010, 1011, 2002, 3002.1, and 9006(f), and new Rule 1012; amendments to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 4, 6, and 82; and amendments to Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure 4, 41, and 45.
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure 2016—Supplemental Transmittal to the Supreme Court (document)
Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure, Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure, Fed. R. App. P. 21, Fed. R. App. P. 25, Fed. R. App. P. 26, Fed. R. App. P. 27, Fed. R. App. P. 28, Fed. R. App. P. 28.1, Fed. R. App. P. 29, Fed. R. App. P. 32, Fed. R. App. P. 35, Fed. R. App. P. 4, Fed. R. App. P. 40, Fed. R. App. P. 5, Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1010, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1011, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 1012, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 2002, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 3002.1, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9006, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Fed. R. Civil P. 4, Fed. R. Civil P. 6, Fed. R. Civil P. 82, Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, Fed. R. Crim. P. 4, Fed. R. Crim. P. 41, Fed. R. Crim. P. 45 October 9, 2015
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure 2016—Supplemental Transmittal to the Supreme Court
This supplemental package of materials was transmitted to the Supreme Court on October 29, 2015, concerning amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure to become effective on December 1, 2016.
Proposed are amendments to Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure 7008, 7012, 7016, 9027, and 9033, which are known as the "Stern Amendments."
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure 2016—Transmittal to the Supreme Court (document)
Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure, Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7008, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7012, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 7016, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9027, Fed. R. Bankr. P. 9033 October 29, 2015
Civil Rules Amendments 2015 Comparison Chart Prepared by the District of Maryland
This comparison chart was prepared by the District of Maryland to show 2015 amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Additional information about rules amendments is available on the Federal Judicial Center's website at Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure (webpage).
Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure, Federal Rules of Civil Procedure December 1, 2015
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure: Civil Rules 2015
Video Series: The amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure that became effective on December 1, 2015, reformed discovery rules for the sake of efficiency, including cost containment. The amendments are not intended to deprive parties in civil litigation of proof or defense.
The first video in this series of five short videos provides an overview of the amendments. The other four videos address the four primary themes of the amendments. Also posted on this website is text of Amendments to the Federal Rules of Practice and Procedure.
Discussion of these amendments is the principal topic of The Chief Justice's 2015 Year-End Report.
Amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, which became effective on December 1, 2015, foster more cost-effective discovery through cooperation, proportionality, early and active case management, and considerations of electronically stored information (ESI). This video is an overview of amendments to Rules 1, 16, 26, 34, and 37.
An amendment to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 1, which became effective on December 1, 2015, resulted from a finding that civil litigation is resolved more quickly and less expensively when parties and lawyers cooperate. The amendment makes explicit that the rules "should be construed, administered, and employed by the court and the parties to secure the just, speedy, and inexpensive determination of every action and proceeding."
This video describes amendments to Federal Rules of Civil Procedure 26(b)(1), 26(c)(1)(B), 26(d), and 34 that became effective on December 1. Amendments to Rule 26(b)(1) are designed to promote proportional discovery: discovery tailored by the judge and the parties to meet the reasonable needs of the case. Proportional discovery provides the information needed by the litigants to prove their cases, but avoids excess and waste. Judges are encouraged to engage in a dialogue with the parties regarding the amount of discovery reasonably needed to resolve the litigation. This video also describes amended Rule 26(c)(1)(B) on cost shifting, an amendment to Rule 26(d) on document production, and changes to Rule 34 on objections to document production requests.
Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, Fed. R. Civil P. 1, Fed. R. Civil P. 16, Fed. R. Civil P. 26, Fed. R. Civil P. 34, Fed. R. Civil P. 37, Fed. R. Evid. 502 December 1, 2015


text:
Last edited by Nezshura
5 edition of Pius XI found in the catalog.
Aradi, Zsolt Dr.
the Pope and the man.
by Aradi, Zsolt Dr.
Published 1958 by Hanover House in New York .
Pius -- XI, -- Pope, -- 1857-1939,
DIVINI ILLIUS MAGISTRI. ENCYCLICAL OF POPE PIUS XI ON CHRISTIAN EDUCATION TO THE PATRIARCHS, PRIMATES, ARCHBISHOPS, BISHOPS, AND OTHER ORDINARIES IN PEACE AND COMMUNION WITH THE APOSTOLIC SEE AND TO ALL THE FAITHFUL OF THE CATHOLIC WORLD. Venerable Brethren and Beloved Children, Health and Apostolic Benediction. From , the Vatican released the entire archives of Pope Pius XI's pontificate (), when Eugenio Pacelli, the future Pius XII, was Pius XI's Secretary of State.
Additional Physical Format: Online version: Gwynn, Denis, Pius XI. London, Holme Press (The Studio Ltd.) (OCoLC) Named Person. Shop the latest titles by Pope Pius XI at Alibris including hardcovers, paperbacks, 1st editions, and audiobooks from thousands of sellers worldwide.
LaFarge stood for a moment before Pope Pius XI, the th successor to St. Peter, and then bent to the carpet to kiss the pope's shoe. Pius motioned him to rise and take a seat before his desk. LaFarge looked around the room. A walking stick was leaning against a table near the pope's desk, the pope's white skullcap rested on the table. Book Title: The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. ISBN Author: David I. Kertzer. Publisher: OUP Oxford. Guideline Price.
public metropolis
Outdoor education approaches to teaching local history in third grade social studies
Dialect interference and the reading attainments of 7 to 8 year old Asian bilingual children in England.
Health status report, 1992
Public opion and American democracy.
Through the alimentary canal with gun and camera
Elevator Abstracts
Electoral reform for Britain
Sustaining factors in clinical depression
Edinburghs city vision
outline of the history of phytopathology
Boys and girls and puppy dogs.
Winter holidays.
FRENCH IMPERIAL GUARD - VOL 4
Pius XI by Aradi, Zsolt Dr. Download PDF EPUB FB2
Thank you to everyone who tuned in and supported our "Stand By Me" Virtual Celebration. It was an unforgettable night filled with pride for our great school. We sure could feel the love from our Pius XI community - students, parents, faculty and staff, board members, alumni - it.
The book is principally about Pius XI until his death in and, to a considerably lesser degree, the cardinal who would later become Pius XII rather than the same man as Pope. It may be argued that the Vatican was not wholly neutral in these matters and that their records may be self-serving or otherwise gloss over issues it would prefer to Cited by: 6.
Pius is remembered as the author of the "Mit brennenger sorge" encyclical, condemning Nazi antisemitism, and has been perceived as more forceful in his condemnation of fascism than his successor, the suave, unctuously diplomatic Pius XII.
This book reveals that while Pius XI might have been a pope who loathed antisemitism in its racial Cited by: The book's main revelation for me was the close relationship between the blunt, outspoken Achille Ratti, as Pope Pius XI, and the deftly diplomatic Eugenio Pacelli, Pope Pius XII.
Inand the beginning ofPope Pius XI was weakened by heart disease which would eventually kill him, but he kept working even when bedridden. Pope Pius XIs message Divini Redemptoris (Latin for "Of the Divine Redeemer") is addressed to the Churchs leadership worldwide.
Pius XI states that bolshevistic and atheistic Communism threatens Christian civilization everywhere and promises a new barbarism worse than that of Jesus Pius XI book. There is a counter-tradition, John Cornwell's fine book, Hitler's Pope, on Pius XII (who succeeded Pius XI in ) exposed the Vatican's culpable passivity.
Pius XI, original name Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, (bornDesio, Lombardy, Austrian Empire [now in Italy]—died FebruRome, Italy), Italian pope from toone of the most important modern pontiffs. His papal motto, "Pax Christi in regno Christi" ("The peace of Christ in the kingdom of Christ"), illustrated his work to construct a new Christendom.
A unique edition of Pope Pius XI's encyclical Quadragesimo Anno, On the Reconstruction of the Social Order. Contains an introduction by Bishop Richard N. Williamson and four color graphs and charts by Bishop Williamson to help the reader gain a deeper understanding of the text/5.
Francis Of Assisi: Encyclical Letter Of His Holiness Pope Pius XI by Pope Pius XI and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Pius XI Catholic High School - N 76th St, Milwaukee, Wisconsin - Rated based on Reviews "I graduated in 95' and often reflect on the /5().
The Pope and Mussolini tells the story of two men who came to power inand together changed the course of twentieth-century history. In most respects, they could not have been more different.
One was scholarly and devout, the other thuggish and profane. Yet Pius XI and "Il Duce" had many things in common/5(6). The total annual investment for a student attending Pius XI Catholic High School is $13, ($12, for Tuition, $ for Registration Fee, $ for Book/Technology Fee).
Tuition Payment Options: Payment in full is due by July 1st, based on tuition payment refund policy-OR-SMART Tuition month Payment Plan Information. Pius, despite all his book-learning, was not one to back down from a fight and when it came to dealing with Adolf Hitler, who had in the meantime all but torn up the concordat Cardinal Pacelli had.
An appealing and readable life of one of the greatest men of the early twentieth century: Pius XI as he appeared on the stage of history, and Pius the man as his closest friends knew and loved him. Pope Pius XI (born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti: 31 May - 10 February ) reigned as Pope from 6 February to his death in Pages: Pius XI fully developed the magisterium, the teaching authority of the papacy.
This chapter, therefore, examines in detail his use of encyclicals to assert or reassert the truths of the Catholic faith, as well as its teaching on economic, political, and social issues, which was partially inspired by growing tensions with Italian Fascism.
In particular, it examines his 'high church Author: John Pollard. In the book Hitler's Pope, British journalist John Cornwell argued that Pope Pius XII's career as a diplomat helps explain why he didn't openly condemn the Nazi persecution of Jews.
From National Book Award finalist David I. Kertzer comes the gripping story of Pope Pius XI's secret relations with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini.
This groundbreaking work, based on seven years of research in the Vatican and Fascist archives, including reports from Mussolini's spies inside the highest levels of the Church, will forever /5(28). Pope Pius XII (Italian: Pio XII), born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli (Italian pronunciation: [euˈdʒɛːnjo maˈriːa dʒuˈzɛppe dʒoˈvanni paˈtʃɛlli]; 2 March – 9 October ), was head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of the Vatican City State from 2 March to when he died.
Before his election to the papacy, he served as secretary of the Department of Created cardinal: 16 Decemberby Pius XI.
View the Pius Xi High School yearbook for free, or buy a reprint. Recapture your memories, share with your family, and reconnect with your : Go to Chapter One Section • Go to Book World's Review.
The Hidden Encyclical of Pius XI By Georges Passelecq and Bernard Suchecky Translated by Steven Rendall Chapter One: The Search for the. The Pope and Mussolini: the secret history of Pius XI and the rise of Fascism in Europe by David I Kertzer (Book); The Vatican in the age of the dictators, by Anthony Rhodes (Book); The Pope's last crusade: how an American Jesuit helped Pope Pius XI's campaign to stop Hitler by Peter Eisner (Book).Peace statements of recent popes ; compiled by the N.C.W.C.
joint committee on peace. by Catholic Church. Pope. Leo XIII - Benedict XV - Pius XI. Selections. and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at Pius XI died on Februimmediately before he was to unveil his encyclical to the bishops and lobby for its adoption.
Pius XII was inaugurated, and according to "Holy Silence," the.
sunshinesteaming.com - Pius XI book © 2020


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Q: WFP kernel mode to user mode communication response I'm using the Windows Filter Platform to implement a simple firewall application.
Actually my driver is a callout driver and it can intercept 2 kinds of event: FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_CONNECT_V4 and FWPM_LAYER_ALE_AUTH_LISTEN_V4.
The driver can communicate with usermode app using inverted call model: the usermode app performs some IOCTLs, the driver save them on a queue and return a buffer when an event is triggered.
I have only a problem. I need receive a response from usermode app to the driver, so that the driver can block or permit the connection.
In past i have worked on a minifilter driver and i have used FltCreateCommunicationPort to send an event to usermode and wait a response from it ( with FltSendMessage from minifilter).
So the question: Is there something like this with WPF?

A: not sure if WFP provides such mechanism. But if your requirement is to share some notification events between user and kernel mode then you can use something similar as described in http://www.osronline.com/article.cfm?id=108.

A: WFP framework does not have any api like FltCreateCommunicationPort, you need to implement IOCTL and FwpsPendOperation0 and FwpsCompleteOperation0 WFP apis, check WDK WFP inspect sample.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Panopto is recognized as a Champion for the completeness of our video platform and our ability to execute.
Nearly half of all corporate learning hours are now delivered using online technologies, and among these, video is becoming the de facto solution for more scalable, consistent on-the-job training.
Enabling this new wave of digital learning is the video content management system (also known as the video CMS or corporate YouTube). Today, corporate YouTubes are transforming the way that learning and development teams create, manage, and share their video content.
The 2018 Wainhouse Research Video Solutions for Corporate Learning report provides an independent evaluation of the technology providers that allow an enterprise to manage live and on-demand video. As a "Champion" in the report, Panopto is pleased to offer complimentary access to this research.
* The Wainhouse Research graphic was published by Wainhouse Research, Inc. and is part of the 2018 Wainhouse Research Video Solutions for Corporate Learning report. The graphic provides a market evaluation tool that depicts Wainhouse Research's evaluation of a specific market and its component vendors. Wainhouse Research does not endorse vendors, or their products or services that are referenced in its research publications, and does not advise users to select those vendors that are rated the highest. Wainhouse Research publications consist of the opinions of Wainhouse Research and should not be construed as statements of fact.


A student could not thrive without a dream, because it is the standard of a noble mind.
Shengli-New Zealand School is a full-time high school which was co-founded in 2003 by Shandong ShengDe Education Investment Co., Ltd., Shandong Shengli Education Industry Development Co., Ltd., and New Zealand EdPAC Co., Ltd. It is the first international school in Shandong Province that is cooperated with New Zealand. It is located in Dongying City where the Yellow River joins into the sea. Dongying is one of the most rapidly developing areas in China, with a pleasant environment and a convenient transportation. Now we have around 500 students including about 100 international students living in our beautiful and well-equipped campus.
1.Shengli-New Zealand School offers both boarding and day-student educations, aims at the integrity of students' personalities and their mental health, and encourages our students to be self-respect, self-discipline, confident, and independent.
2.Small-class teaching which limits the size of every class under 36 students allows us to provide education according to each of our student's individual differences. Each and every student can be appreciated and taken care of by their teachers.
3.A combination of eastern and western concepts is applied in teaching so that the students can benefit from the advanced educational methods.
4.Covering all the basic subjects while putting particular emphasis on the English coursework, we provide mandatory courses as well as extracurricular instructions. We educate in accordance with students' unique differences, and concentrate on consolidating the basic courses. Our local and foreign teachers cooperate in teaching English for both senior and junior students in order to improve their abilities in listening, speaking, reading and writing.
5.Attaching importance to students' overall competitiveness both inside and outside of the classroom, Students can broaden their horizons, strengthen their abilities, and enhance their character.
6.There are lots of interesting extracurricular activities and international communication activities. School Events such as Christmas party, sports meeting, spring tour, mountain-area visits, and Christmas festival are held every year. There are also all kinds of clubs and organizations including science, music, dance, drawing, handwriting, chess, basketball, and table tennis. Students can attend programs in Australia, United States, New-Zealand, Singapore and other countries for study tours, visiting world famous schools, experiencing study abroad and comprehending Western culture. It is a stage to gain an acquaintance with foreign universities for those who have the intention of studying abroad.
1.From 2006 to 2013, our senior class students have taken part in the National College Entrance Examination and the admission rates to Universities in China still remain more than 50%.
2.Many students have gone to study abroad, 90% of who were chosen by famous universities in News-Zealand, Australia, Canada, Britain, America and Singapore and so on. Our school has great relationships with these countries and their universities. Our students have the best opportunities.
1.Teaching method: Small-class, the number of the students is no more than 20.
3.Language context: Chinese teachers and foreign native English teachers who co-operate in teaching, which helps students improve their ability in listening, speaking, reading, and writing rapidly.
4.Information resources: The computer and the internet teaching facilities are available and excellent.
5.IETLS course: we have special courses for students who need to pass the IETLS to study abroad. This course helps students have good marks in the exam in order to meet the requirement of foreign universities.
6.Bridge course: teachers teach mathematics, science, reading and computer in English, this is a bridge for students from studying in China to abroad.
We help students to apply for visas, picking up the students when they firstly arrive in foreign countries, arranging the accommodation and following their study. Our service is professional, safe, quick and economical. Our school has a high quality English course, 100% IETLS passing rate and 100% visa passing rate.
1.Environment: Shengli-New Zealand School located in staff university in western town of Dongying city, Which is the economic and culture centre of Shengli petroleum.
2.Facilities: The school has advanced teaching facilities including multi-media classrooms, computer room, laboratory, library and standard sports ground as well as functional rooms of all kinds.
3.Dormitory: The dormitory is equipped with heating, air, bath and laundry facilities. Dormitory keepers serve 24-hour help.
4.Cafeteria: Several cafeterias are available for students, who need to use school cards to buy food.
5.Uniform: all students are required to wear the school uniform while they are on campus. A sufficient amount of supplies are available.


Determine the key content only after you have conducted a needs assessment to determine the training needs (if any) and created the title and goals for the training program. This job aid contains two templates for use when determining key content for either skill-building or attitude-changing training.
When you complete the templates, remember to keep the information at a high level. For example, when filling in factor #4 in the Skill-Building Template: How to do it, just indicate what the procedure is. Do not list the steps in the procedure.


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How to Test at Home for Iron in the Blood
Facts About Low Potassium & Low Iron
Warning Signs for Anemia
Does Iron Deficiency Cause Headaches?
High Iron Levels & Blood Clots
Low Iron Level Symptoms During Pregnancy
Common Symptoms of Low Iron During Pregnancy
Less Common Symptoms
Written by Sandra Ketcham
The National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute states that approximately half of all women develop iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy. Pregnant women are at an increased risk because pregnancy places greater iron demands on the mother. During pregnancy, iron intake must double to meet the mother's needs while supporting the growing fetus. Dietary sources alone are typically inadequate at meeting this increased need, and supplementation with iron becomes essential.
Left untreated, low iron during pregnancy can lead to premature birth or low birth weight. Watching for symptoms of low iron, combined with routine blood testing during pregnancy, can help identify women at risk for anemia-related complications.
Fatigue is often the first symptom to develop in pregnant women. It is caused by insufficient oxygen transport throughout the body due to reduced hemoglobin, which is the protein responsible for carrying oxygen through the bloodstream.
In some cases, especially when iron levels become severely low, additional symptoms of anemia may develop. These symptoms include nausea, forgetfulness, an inflamed tongue and heart palpitations. Tachycardia, or rapid heartbeat, may also develop, according to the Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters 1. Prolonged anemia forces the heart to work harder to oxygenate the blood. Abdominal pain and jaundice may rarely occur.
Pica, which is an abnormal craving to eat non-food items, may develop in pregnant women with low iron levels, according to the National Anemia Action Council. It is not understood why a deficiency of iron causes pica, but the rate of iron and other mineral deficiencies is considerably higher in those with the eating disorder. A desire to chew ice is the most common symptom of pica, but cravings for clay, paper, starch and other non-food items may also develop.
Pica, which is an abnormal craving to eat non-food items, may develop in pregnant women with low iron levels, according to the National Anemia Action Council. Watching for symptoms of low iron, combined with routine blood testing during pregnancy, can help identify women at risk for anemia-related complications. It is not understood why a deficiency of iron causes pica, but the rate of iron and other mineral deficiencies is considerably higher in those with the eating disorder.
Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters: Anemia in Pregnancy
National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute: What Is Iron-Deficiency Anemia?
Sandra Ketcham has nearly two decades of experience writing and editing for major websites and magazines. Her work appears in numerous web and print publications, including "The Atlanta Journal-Constitution," "The Tampa Bay Times," Visit Florida, "USA Today," AOL's Gadling and "Kraze Magazine."
SIphotography/iStock/Getty Images


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Before her passing, Alex wrote a letter to her brother Jonathan. In it, she asked Jonathan to do two things: "First, take care of mom and dad. Second, find a cure for this terrible disease and get it out to the people. You are the only one who can."
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Q: Could Voldemort have ended the protection from Harry's mother by killing the Dursleys? Dumbledore explains to Harry in Order of the Phoenix that he is protected so long as he returns once a year to the Dursleys' home:

While you can still call home the place where your mother's blood dwells, there you cannot be touched or harmed by Voldemort. He shed her blood, but it lives on in you and her sister. Her blood became your refuge. You need return there only once a year, but as long as you can still call it home, there he cannot hurt you.

If Voldemort, or one of his Death Eaters, had killed the Dursleys (perhaps while Harry was away from Hogwarts), then Privet Drive would not be "the place where your mother's blood dwells". There are no other relatives of his mother that he could stay with, which would mean that nowhere else would qualify for that magic.
Wouldn't that mean that the following year, Harry would have nowhere to go and the protection would not renew, thus he would be vulnerable to Voldemort?

A: No, this wouldn't have worked; the charm protected the Dursleys in the same way it protected Harry.
For a start, magic in the Harry Potter universe just doesn't work that way.  Spells have counters, weaknesses, but they don't have loopholes.  Killing the Dursleys to get at Harry would violate the intent of the magic in the same way as, say, flying over McGonagall's chessboard, or destroying all the houses in Godric's Hollow instead of trying to figure out which one the Potters were hiding in, and with Harry Potter magic it is always the intent of a spell, not the literal wording, that counts.
But that's just guessing, and we don't need to guess.
These are Harry's own words, in Chapter 2 of Deathly Hallows (emphasis mine):

Harry pressed on remorselessly.  'Once I'm seventeen, the protective charm that keeps me safe will break, and that exposes you as well as me.'

If breaking the charm exposed the Dursleys to attack, it stands to reason that the charm was indeed protecting them as well as Harry up until that point.

To follow up on some of the discussion in the comments, note that in the quote in the question, Dumbledore talks about "the place you call home" which does not necessarily imply that the protection is limited to the inside of the house.

While you can still call home the place where your mother's blood dwells, there you cannot be touched or harmed by Voldemort.

If he'd said "the house you call home" then, yes, we'd indeed have to assume that the protection lapsed the instant you walked out the front door, and conclude that the Death Eaters should by all rights have captured or killed Harry long before he had his run-in with the Dementor in Order of the Phoenix.  But the place you call home is a broader concept.  It can mean a house, a neighbourhood, a town, sometimes even an entire country.
Of course, Dumbledore's choice of words doesn't prove that Harry and the Dursleys were protected while they were out of the house.  But they're consistent with it, and I think this interpretation makes more sense, given that the Death Eaters weren't camped outside Harry's door all summer.

A: It's not clear, but it's not obvious that this would work, I don't think.
It's obvious where your question is coming from, but I would like to look at the paragraphs before:

'She doesn't love me,' said Harry at once. 'She doesn't give a damn -'
'But she took you,' Dumbledore cut across him. 'She may have taken you grudgingly, furiously, unwittingly, bitterly, yet still she took you, and in doing so, she sealed the charm I placed upon you. Your mother's sacrifice made the bond of blood the strongest shield I could give you.'
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix - p.737 - Bloomsbury - Chapter 37, The Lost Prophecy

So I have a couple of observations, the first is that there's a bit of Dumbledore magic in there. And the second is that part of the magic seems to be Petunia agreeing to take Harry in and so the house became his sanctuary.
Another aspect to this, it seems to me, is that if Voldemort were to slay Lily's blood relative, it may even strengthen the protection Harry has in 4 Privet Drive.
However, partly set against this is the way Harry and the Dursleys leave the house in book 7:

'We are attempting to time your departure from the house with your family's Disapparition, Harry; thus, the charm breaks at the moment you all head for safety.'
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows - p.37 - Bloomsbury - Chapter 3, The Dursleys Departing

This makes it look a bit like the Dursleys leaving the house for good might also contribute to the breaking of the charm. I certainly think if Aunt Petunia had upped sticks and moved to Aberdeen, Harry would probably have had to have gone with her in order to have stayed safe. But I think it's more about Harry and the Dursleys going their separate ways which breaks the charm, rather than the fact that there will be no living Evans at number 4 Privet Drive.
In any case, I think the Dursleys were safe due to Voldemort's lack of understanding of this type of magic and his contempt for and lack of interest in the Muggle world. I can't see Tom Riddle thinking of his route to vanquishing his deadly foe being through hunting down his worthless Muggle relatives.


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IP Guide
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San Diego Trademark Attorney
For a free consultation, please tell us your issue: (application, infringement, litigation, etc.)*
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Home » San Diego Trademark Attorney
If you are looking for a San Diego trademark lawyer, please feel free to contact us. We are a full service California intellectual property law firm. We assist San Diego businesses and individuals with issues related to trademarks, copyrights, and patents.
Trademarks are words, logos, designs, colors, sounds, symbols, or other devices that inform consumers about the source of products or services that they consider buying. You likely see trademarks every waking hour. Examples of famous trademarks seen on a daily basis are those owned by Apple, Google, Microsoft, Toyota, Starbucks, McDonald's, YouTube, Yahoo!, and Subway.
A trademark can be one of a business's most valuable assets, so trademark holders must do everything they can to protect and assert their trademark rights.
Trademark Registration for San Diego Businesses
There are several ways to build a legal shield around your brand, but you must first understand which protections apply to each instance of intellectual property. While patents cover new inventions and copyrights relate to original works, a trademark is typically meant to provide protection for your brand name and logo.
What many people don't realize is that trademark registration isn't necessary for trademark protection. In fact, you have rights over a trademark the moment you use it in commerce in connection with goods or services. Although this common law trademark protection is beneficial, there are countless reasons you should still register your trademark.
How to Protect Your Trademark
A company can take several steps to avoid trademark infringement issues.
Conduct clearance searches to confirm your trademark is not infringing on an existing trademark. Before a trademark is used, a trademark search should be done. If it is later discovered that your trademark too closely resembles another trademark with prior use, you will likely be forced to alter your trademark or come up with a new trademark completely. Failing to do a trademark search can obviously cost your business significant time and expense.
Apply for trademark registration. If you offer your services or sell your products in more than one state or country, your trademark is eligible for federal registration with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). With Federal registration comes presumption of exclusive national rights.
If you plan to do business or sell goods globally, you should consider international registration of your trademark. This process has been greatly simplified with the introduction of the Madrid Protocol, enabling a quick registration of your trademark in other countries.
Place the ™ or ® symbol next to your trademark. Doing so serves as notice that you are claiming your trademark rights to the name or symbol. You can use the ™ symbol even if you have not applied for trademark registration. The ® symbol can be used only after a federal registration is issued.
Benefits of Federal Trademark Registration
Protects your trademark nationwide. Under common law, your protection typically only applies to your geographic area.
The USPTO will block confusingly similar trademarks
An intent to use application reserves your trademark even if you're not ready to use it in commerce.
Makes your trademark searchable in an online database – thus discouraging others from filing a similar trademark application.
Provides the right to bring a trademark infringement case in federal court and get statutory damages in addition to actual damages.
U.S. Customs and Border Protection can block counterfeits from being imported that infringe upon your trademark.
You gain a presumption of ownership, and this provides a leg up against other individuals or organizations with unregistered trademarks.
The Trademark Registration Process
Because of all that can go wrong with mere common law trademark rights, there are over 400,000 federal trademark applications filed in the U.S. each year.
Submit a Trademark Application
After performing a trademark search to ensure your trademark is unique – which isn't required but highly recommended – the next step is to submit a trademark application to the USPTO. This will either be a use-based trademark application – if you're already using the trademark – or an intent to use trademark application.
In order to register your trademark, the following information is required for your trademark application:
The owner of the trademark. Also known as the "applicant," this may be an individual, partnership, a corporation, or any other type of legal entity.
Name and address for correspondence.
Depiction of the trademark. Also known as "the drawing," this is a clear image of the trademark you are registering. This can be a standard drawing such as a word, or a special form such as a specialized logo.
Goods/Services. You must list the specific goods or services for which you want to register your trademark.
Application filing fee. This can vary based on the type of trademark application.
Basis for filing. You must specify your reason for filing your trademark. Typically, most applicants file because (1) they are already using it in commerce or (2) they intend to use the trademark in commerce in the future.
Specimen for use-based applications. This is similar to the drawing, except it depicts your trademark as it appears in the marketplace – for example, on labels or on your website.
If you are the one who owns the trademark, you may sign the trademark application. However, if you are signing on behalf of a business entity, you must be someone who has the legal right to sign a binding document as it pertains to that business.
After the trademark application is filed, an examining attorney with the USPTO is assigned your case. This generally takes 4 months. They'll review your requested trademark to see if it's similar to trademarks that have already been applied for or registered. The USPTO Examining attorney will also review the application for any other defects. If approved, your application will be approved for publication. If there are issues with your application, you will receive an office action. For any office action, you have 6 months to file a formal response.
Publication for Opposition
Up to six weeks after approval, your trademark will be published in the Official Gazette which allows for public review. During this period any third party with standing can oppose your trademark application. If there's no opposition and your application was filed based on actual use, your trademark will register within six weeks. Those with Intent-to-Use applications need to file a Statement of Use before the trademark will register.
Obviously, this can be a tedious process that a trademark attorney can handle. Though it is not necessary to hire a trademark attorney to file a trademark application, the U.S. Patent and trademark offices recommends it. This may be because the USPTO accepted just 15 percent of trademark applications that were filed in 2018 upon first action based on filings per class. Also, trademark applications filed by a trademark attorney are 50% more likely to register.
After everything is said and done, the work of actually protecting your trademark begins.
Trademark Infringement Lawyers in San Diego
If you're lucky, you'll never face an instance of trademark infringement. Unfortunately, trademark infringement is becoming more common. Around 4,000 trademark infringement lawsuits are filed each year, and annual brand losses due to counterfeit trademark infringement alone exceed $250 billion in the United States and $1 trillion globally.
There are several types of issues that may arise but usually trademark infringement issues revolve around whether a likelihood of consumer confusion exists.
What is a Likelihood of Confusion?
A likelihood of confusion occurs when consumers mistake one brand for another. In the Ninth Circuit – which includes all of California and all neighboring states – the test for trademark infringement comes from the case of AMF Inc. v. Sleekcraft Boats, 599 F.2d 341 (9th Cir.1979). The case is often referred to as just Sleekcraft or the Sleekcraft factors. The eight factors to determine a likelihood of confusion set out in the Sleekcraft case are as follows:
(1) strength of the trademark;
(2) proximity of the goods and services;
(3) similarity of the trademarks;
(4) evidence of actual confusion;
(5) marketing channels used;
(6) type of goods or services and the degree of care likely to be exercised by the purchaser;
(7) defendant's intent in selecting the trademark;
(8) likelihood of expansion of the product lines.
Though most cases are won or lost on the above factors, these factors are not exhaustive and as such other variables may come into play in determining infringement.
Most trademark infringement issues fall into one of two categories.
Accidental infringement that had no fraudulent attempt; and
Intentional trademark violations in an effort to confuse consumers over competing brands.
Regardless of which scenario applies, trademark infringement is still a violation of law. Accidental occurrences can typically be handled outside of court with a trademark cease and desist letter. Intentional violations may also be handled without resorting to trademark litigation, but our experience in either case is that having a trademark attorney that litigates representing you is paramount.
What is Trademark Dilution?
Trademark dilution is a type of trademark infringement that doesn't cause a likelihood of confusion. With trademark dilution, consumers might experience no confusion at all between brands because the use might be in relation to completely unrelated goods and services. Dilution exists, however, because the trademark use weakens the uniqueness of the trademark at issue.
Policing Trademark Violations
The government doesn't actively police trademark infringers so it is up to the trademark owner to watch for infringements and proactively handle them. Failing to police your trademark can result in the loss of trademark rights. In other words, if someone begins to infringe your trademark, over time they may actually gain rights to the trademark in certain portions of the country. Also, if multiple companies all use very similar trademarks at the same time, over time the trademark is weakened and in the end none of the companies may have enforceable rights.
In order to police your trademark, you should set up a google alert which will notify you of online infringements. You should also have your trademark attorney set up a trademark watch which will notify you any time a trademark similar to yours is filed or published for opposition with the U.S. Patent and trademark office.
While courts will consider all of the factors contributing to a likelihood of confusion, your goal should be to avoid going to court altogether. The best way to avoid trademark infringement issues before they start is to actively police your trademark.
When you recognize someone taking liberties with your brand, you should immediately have a trademark attorney send a cease and desist letter. In most cases a prompt cease and desist letter from a trademark litigation lawyer is enough to end the infringement. If a violator refuses to stop, then trademark litigation becomes likely.
Trademark Litigation Attorneys in San Diego
Trademark litigation typically occurs when other avenues have been exhausted. After you file a trademark infringement complaint, the defendant has three weeks to respond to the claims set out in the complaint. Thereafter a discovery phase takes place – potentially lasting several months – where each side can request documents, issue interrogatories and requests for admissions, and serve notices of deposition. Third party evidence can also be sought via subpoena.
After the discovery phrase, dispositive motions can be filed such as a motion for summary judgment. A summary judgment motion can attempt to end one portion of the case or it can at times win an entire case altogether. When the motion phase is complete and no settlement has been achieved, only then will a case proceed to the courthouse and a trial can begin.
In many instances, though, it never even gets this far. In fact, 85 percent of all damages awarded in trademark infringement lawsuits come as a result of the defendant not even appearing in the case to defend itself. These types of cases result in hundreds of millions of dollars in awards each year.
This teaches us a few things:
Many infringers realize they'll lose in court and don't bother.
U.S. courts take violations of trademarks very seriously.
If you're facing a trademark lawsuit, mounting a proper defense is essential or a large award may follow.
Remedies for Cases of Proven Trademark Infringement
If a trademark owner succeeds in proving a case of trademark infringement, the defendant may face the following consequences:
An injunction that precludes the defendant's use of the trademark in question
A court order mandating that infringing articles be destroyed or forfeited
Damages sustained by the plaintiff, a surrender of defendant's profits, and payment for the costs of the action itself
An award of plaintiff's attorneys' fees in exceptional cases
Defending a Trademark Lawsuit
If our client is sued or being threatened with litigation, we aggressively defend our client's rights. As a defendant we will consider whether the complaint is defective in some way which would provide an opportunity for a motion to dismiss. We will also consider a counterclaim against the plaintiff. If a lawsuit has not yet been filed, we will advise you as to the possibility of filing a complaint for declaratory relief. If filed before a plaintiff, such a case can secure jurisdiction in your home state.
The Trademark Trial and Appeal Board (the TTAB)
Every U.S. trademark application is published for opposition prior to registration. During this 30 day opposition period, a third party can file a Notice of Opposition to prevent the trademark from registering. Also, at any time a plaintiff can file a Petition to Cancel an existing trademark registration.
If a trademark confusingly similar to yours has been filed with the Trademark Office, as soon as possible you should have a trademark attorney file either a trademark opposition or trademark cancellation. For more information about Trademark Trial and Appeal Board cases, please see our U.S. Trademark Trial and Appeal Board page.
Mandour & Associates – San Diego Trademark Lawyers
Issues related to trademarks have the power to make or break your business. If you are seeking trademark protection or have a trademark infringement or litigation issue, we are highly experienced in these areas and we can assist you.
Featured Client Review
"We hired Mandour & Associates to get our fashion related trademark registered. I was very impressed. They made the process easy and we got our trademark registered, so it was an awesome experience. Highly recommended!" – Tara H. ★★★★★
For assistance with your trademark issue in San Diego, please complete our contact form.
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