So you've come up with a great idea and a vision to create a nonprofit company. Yet where do you begin? Below we've provided your road map to obtain a brand-new nonprofit off the ground with sustainability constantly in mind corporation forms of business corporation forms of business.
The procedure of forming as well as integrating a nonprofit is similar to a company, besides a few distinctions. corporation forms of business A nonprofit could not be created from any of the complying with entities: Sole Proprietorship, Limited Liability Corporation or a Firm "C" or "S".
A nonprofit, like a company, is a lawful entity different from the owner( s); it could survive the life of its owner( s) as well as can exist definitely. Unlike a firm that is had corporation forms of business by its investors, a nonprofit does not have investors and also is not possessed by any person, yet is taken care of by the board of directors. The various other distinctive difference between a corporation and a nonprofit is just how the revenue is strained. Now, let's take you with the process.
Step One: Recruit a Board of Supervisors. A board must include varied depiction from the following: financing, legal, someone that stands for or is taken into consideration a specialist when it come to your goal, someone that stands for individuals you exist to serve, local corporate executive( s) – corporation forms of business especially from a firm who tends to money organizations like yours, community/professional volunteer( s) – persons with a network of wealth, as well as another nonprofit exec. Guarantee that you being employed description in position which clearly shows board member expectations, including all info pertaining to your nonprofit. Expectations corporation forms of business should consist of administration, financial backing, and also hands-on leadership. You do not desire a board of supervisors that feels "just appearing" satisfies their duty. Lastly, you never quit seeking good board participants. Your board needs to have a collection tenure to make certain there is constantly area for fresh faces, ideas, and also connections.
Tip 2: Formation Satisfying. The formation meeting is a conference of the initial board of supervisors to vote on including as well as pursuing the tax obligation exemption condition in addition to to develop the objective of the nonprofit. During this conference and all subsequent board meetings, make sure to take conference minutes to show an unanimous contract by the board prior to progressing corporation forms of business.
Step Three: Calling Your Nonprofit. Name choice is very important since it determines your purpose and also produces your identification and identity and also brand name. Select your company name like you pick your child's name-repeat it commonly, pretend to answer the phone utilizing the name to listen to if it has a good ring to it. You could pick practically corporation forms of business any type of name you desire for your company as long as it is not already in use. You could examine name accessibility on your state's governing internet site to see if it is offered before you file it. Normally, this is the assistant of state's office.
Tip Four: Incorporate. The incorporation procedure resembles that of a firm. The Articles of Consolidation are ready and filed with the state's controling body; again, commonly the Secretary of State's office. Some states have example articles which you could get and also utilize in drafting your articles, however, satisfying the state's minimum declaring demand does not always mean you satisfy the IRS's requirements. corporation forms of business Make sure you appropriately and thoroughly draft short articles of incorporation that fulfill the requirements of the Internal Revenue Service if you prepare to request government tax exemption; which you will. There is a declaring fee related to this process paid to the state. The charge for the state is normally around $100; the filing fee for your tax-exempt status is around $850.
Tip Five: The Laws. You are called for to prepare laws for your nonprofit. Bylaws are the regulations utilized by the board to govern your nonprofit. Most states do not require a duplicate of the laws to be filed with the state. No matter filing demands, it is a state regulation calls for that a bundled entity have actually created laws. The IRS will certainly require a duplicate of the bylaws to be submitted with your application for tax-exemption.
Tip 6: Obtain your Federal Company Recognition Number (EIN). As soon as you have actually finished your documentation, you will certainly need to look for a Company Recognition Number (EIN) additionally known as a government tax ID from the Internal Revenue Service. You can do this rapidly and also conveniently online. Do not forget to publish out a duplicate for your irreversible documents. You will certainly likewise require a copy to submit to the IRS with your tax exception application. To obtain your EIN visit the IRS's site. It is necessary to note that merely holding an EIN number does not imply you are accepted as a 501( c) 3 by your state or the Internal Revenue Service. You can raise cash for your organization before approval. corporation forms of business However, be mindful that usually, giving organizations need an accepted 501( c) 3 and also will certainly ask for a duplicate of your accepted status letter.
Step 7: Application for tax obligation exception to the IRS. After you have actually incorporated your nonprofit as well as gotten your EIN, then you could begin your tax obligation exemption application to the Internal Revenue Service utilizing Internal Revenue Service Form 1023. The kind can be acquired at the Internal Revenue Service website. This is a detailed application. You need to carefully review the instructions, find out about the laws of conformity, finish the application, and accumulate & set up the attachments. Employing a professional in order to help you is very suggested. If you are trying to do this on your own, the Internal Revenue Service approximates a couple of hundred hours are required to complete this application. After your preliminary review, complete the application to the 'letter' of their guideline. If your application is unclear or missing crucial information, it will be sent back to you for more details. If it does not fit within the tax obligation exception regulations, it will certainly be refuted. As pointed out over, there is a charge associated with this application; around $850. The fee changes periodically, so make certain to check the declaring fee prior to you submit the application. The IRS is currently taking between 6-8 months to assign the application to an exempt organization professional. If your application is authorized, you will certainly obtain a "Letter of Determination" that classifies your company as tax obligation exempt. The great feature of this long process is that the date of your exception is retroactive to the date that the Internal Revenue Service first obtained your application. This implies that if you did get a donation needing 501( c) 3 condition prior to your approval, you will inevitably be in conformity with the funding company as well as the IRS. Yet, it is not recommended to elevate funds on the surface till you get your Letter of Determination.
State Tax Obligation Exemption. Most states acknowledge as well as approve the federal tax obligation exception "Letter of Decision." Nonetheless, there is a handful of states that have extra state demands to be income tax excluded for state purposes. You will certainly need to consult your state's controling body to see if there are additional state needs.
Ongoing Compliance. After you are formally integrated as a nonprofit company, there are a handful of points that you need to do to keep conformity with state and also government requirements. Some states need a yearly record. The majority of states require a yearly corporate renewal, and some states do not need state revenue tax obligations to be submitted unless the nonprofit obtains a particular threshold revenue. As you can see, each state operates in different ways. The trick is to maintain yourself informed and updated with the demands of your certain state. On the federal side, IRS Form 990 or a variation of Type 990 is required to be submitted every year. This is the yearly income tax return kind for nonprofit organizations no matter revenue. Currently, the regulation specifies that if you cannot file Form 990 for 3 consecutive years, the IRS will automatically withdraw your nonprofit standing. If this occurs, after that the nonprofit could not obtain tax-deductible contributions. In addition, you will certainly need to reapply for tax exemption once again. You have actually taken the time to build your nonprofit, so put in the time to take care of it and also remain certified.
Next month look for a step by step process to increase those first bucks for your freshly included nonprofit.
ML Wagner Fundraising Group is a tiny business based in Minneapolis, Minnesota focused on helping you increase money without investing it. We are dedicated to mentor and training those who have recently integrated non profits to create an infrastructure to increase money and remain lasting over the long haul. Whether your objective is to help maintain the environment for future generations or to ensure that the generation of kids here, today, have the best possibilities available to them, we can help. With almost twenty years of experience in all aspects of fundraising, communications and also job administration, we are professionals in increasing loan with little expenditure connected– as it ought to be corporation forms of business.
You're ready to begin a nonprofit and make a favorable effect on the planet and also currently you have to recognize the very best means to deal with producing your company. There is a great deal that goes into a nonprofit, but not so much that a lot of any individual could do it. There are, however, important steps to take as you start. Adhere to along below and I will certainly help you begin in the appropriate direction with seven important suggestions. These suggestions, when utilized right, will help develop success in your nonprofit.
Produce The Nonprofit Entity corporation forms of business.
Creating the actual lawful organization can be accomplished in several various means. The initial and also most well-known way is by creating an independent 501( c)( 3) with the Internal Revenue Service. This could be an extensive procedure as well as consists of including a firm in the state that you wish to do company, and declare tax-exempt standing through the IRS making use of kind 1024.
The second, fastest expanding means to develop a nonprofit organization is with fiscal sponsorship. This is where a currently existing 501( c)( 3) organization accepts your nonprofit job within its organizational framework. This permits a company to carry out nonprofit tasks without the demand for setting up an independent 501( c)( 3) via the Internal Revenue Service. Setting up a monetary sponsorship could be really quick, easy, and economical. One of the most vital part of establishing a financial sponsorship is locating an enroller that is reputable and enduring in the nonprofit arena. If the sponsor is not solid, they can adversely affect your nonprofit task. Find a third party that is competent and also well-informed concerning financial enrollers to get suggestions from.
When starting a nonprofit it is essential to extensively look into the reason you will be assisting. This will help you comprehend what organizations are already around doing similar job. This will certainly assist your organization in determining areas that still need assistance and organizations you could function along with of in better achieving the job. Consistent research study will certainly aid your organization remain concentrated on its objective.
When doing nonprofit work declare tax-exempt standing is very important. Many nonprofits skip this action because it can be expensive, only to need to return to the action years later on. By having tax-exempt condition, your nonprofit could give benefactors tax-deductible invoices for their donations. Tax-exempt standing is necessary when getting contributions from most companies and when looking for grant cash. Do not put on your own in a bind without tax-exempt condition. You do not want to be scrambling to get tax-exempt status with a large contribution pending.
Develop A Great Fundraising Strategy corporation forms of business.
Fundraising is the lifeblood of a nonprofit company. Very little can be achieved without funds to invest. Establishing a great fund elevating strategy and also proceeded financial security is essential to the success of your nonprofit. Locate good information on how you can money raise and placed the plan at work from the very beginning. It is not needed to work with a charity event or give writer but instead check out and also buy resources that assist you learn to do these tasks yourself. Nobody is mosting likely to care as much regarding the economic stability of your organization as you.
Developing a strategic strategy on exactly how your nonprofit will run, complete its mission, work with team, and grow will be required. Without a tactical plan in position it will certainly be extremely hard to make certain your nonprofit succeeds. Strategic strategies are blueprints that you could reference back to continually, making sure your nonprofit gets on track for success. Find a good source or guidebook that describes ways to assemble a good tactical strategy for your nonprofit.
With any luck your nonprofit will continue to run efficiently for your life time and beyond. While developing the nonprofit, maintain this long-range vision in mind. There is knowledge in developing a solid structure in the beginning rather than carelessly throwing your company with each other. Take into consideration taking 6 months to a year in the beginning to develop secure fund raising, corporation forms of business terrific programs, and also good techniques. As an example, utilize the first year to money raising and raise recognition of your nonprofit to ensure that you can you're your budget plan. After that with steady funding you could begin paying incomes, workplace expenditures, and also fund programs with much less tension. When your programs start, it will be more difficult to focus 100% of your initiatives on fundraising.
Helping others must be enjoyable. Starting and running a successful nonprofit could be fun. If at any point you find you have actually lost the "fun factor," collect yourself and also identify how you can put the enjoyable back into your initiatives. If fun and also pleasure is not a consistent component of your nonprofit initiatives, it will certainly be difficult to proceed. Make certain those you help, those that volunteer, and yourself are having a blast as well as your nonprofit endeavor will constantly have life.
Nonprofits give crucial services and also support many important objectives both in your area and internationally. But it can be difficult to create and construct a nonprofit that will offer its objective as well as make a difference. There are lots of differences between a commercial corporation and a nonprofit. The good news is, Nolo, a company that makes the law accessible to anyone, has an outstanding overview of aid you start or to assist you continue along if you are begun but having problem building it to where you desire it to go. corporation forms of business The 4th Edition of "Beginning & Structure a Nonprofit A Practical Overview" by Peri H. Pakroo, J.D., is an important guide to help you obtain your nonprofit operating as well as, most significantly, maintain it going.
Like many Nolo books, it is arranged in an easy fashion to enable the visitor to gain one of the most information in an useful fashion. The short introduction gives some nonprofit fundamentals and a few words on running a nonprofit.
After the introduction, there are phases that focus on naming and structuring your nonprofit, creating your strategic strategy, developing your preliminary budget, your board of supervisors, your labor force of staff and also volunteers, fundraising, risk administration as well as insurance coverage, understanding contracts and arrangements, marketing your nonprofit, releasing informational materials, getting the word out online concerning your nonprofit, handling your financial resources, and obtaining expert assistance.
These chapters supply great basic details. They offer the essentials. Nonetheless, you will certainly intend to find out more concerning a few of these topics. Take fundraising for example. This is an extremely important area for nonprofits, and also Nolo really has a few other publications that focus just on this set subject. So while the chapter in this book supplies some basic assistance, you could want to advance your reading around with additional sources. I likewise value the phase on getting professional aid, because while this publication readies with basic details, there are some areas where you really should look for the guidance of a professional and also collaborating with lawyers as well as accountants will be essential for the nonprofit that intends to succeed.
The book features a CD-Rom that contains a number of types and lists to aid you with your company. These kinds and also checklists go along with the numerous chapters in guide. There are also paper copies in the rear of guide.
This is an easy book to review with a lot of excellent details to assist you with beginning a nonprofit or if you are operating at building a nonprofit, to produce a reliable organization that will certainly make a distinction. It is not the only reference you will need, as well as in fact the book recommends other Nolo titles to help with creating a nonprofit firm and also fundraising. I do suggest this publication as a starting corporation forms of business area to any person collaborating with a nonprofit, especially board of supervisors, executive directors, or a person needing to know just what it takes to begin one. As well as it is a good recommendation for an Executive Director or Board participant to read as well as carry the rack.
Response on your own Why, why you wished to a non profit organization. If you obtained a clear, bold response, you completed first step.
Find your Exactly what, a casue to deal with your non profits, either education and learning, ecological, Social create any point you point will be your non earnings USP as well as has need to function. If you got a clear, strong answer, you completed second action.
Exactly how are you mosting likely to survive/sustain your non revenues company, just how are you found fuel its financing. Are you having other individual earnings resource? How are you mosting likely to manange resources( staff/volunteers)? If you got a clear, bold answer, you completed 3rd action.
As you especially point out that you are thinking about a philanthropic organization/NGO, legally there is no responsibility to register your company unless & until they intend to raise funds, claim tax obligation exemption for their benefactors & in this situation every organization is legitimately required to document a depend on deed/ Memorandum of Understandings which contain the name as well as address of the company & its mission and also goals, regulating body participants & their details, administrative legislations and also treatments, personnel as well as staffing info, rules and regulations by which it will be operational.Before you in fact register you organization, you require your regulating body who will certainly be responsible for all the company choices, method/ modus operandi & all monetary management/plans of the organization.
Application for Registration: Your Application needs to be submitted to authorities of jurisdiction in the area where the depend on want to operate or in the region where it is to be registered.Application type properly sent with complete details of governing body participants (minimal two participants are needed as in governing body (in your case trustee participants) & signed up trust fund's workplace address with an enrollment cost & court fee which could differ as per state/region where the count on is registering itself.Application must be singed prior to the registrar and also official authorities of charity commissioner with an authorization letter by the governing body when all lawful paperworks are charge is paid by the members.
Note: Though there could be minor distinction in the enrollment process/fees/documents needed as rules as well as acts are various in each state while taking into consideration trust fund enrollment in India.Make certain to be prepared with below some points before you legally register your company to maintain in long-term.
You can use several sources at begin I would recommend you to have mouth promoting your NGO with the help of your pals, family members, relatives etc and their circle, when you start obtaining good amount of donation/funding, you might make use of some to advertise your organization.The standard one is to have your personal web site and also promote your NGO with your work description, there are multiple options readily available to help you gain good site visitors numbers to your website.You can have funded Facebook messages where you could upload your NGO's pictures, messages, as well as testimonials of volunteer or recipient of your NGO which subsequently will certainly get even more focus of people.You can plan for some occasions in public areas like railway terminal, bus-stop, malls, yards, medical facilities where a brief engaging video, dramatization, flash-mob dance from your volunteer will function to gather individuals tourist attraction and also afterwards you can promote your NGO to them, which then can assist you gain some funding also, so aim to prepare as long as public tasks as you can.Keep your website/ Social visibility up-to-date & maintain it s material updating regularly that will likewise aid you to enhance your on-line presence.
Many public minded business owners might take into consideration starting a nonprofit company for the betterment of their area. Regrettably, a lot of business individuals relate running a nonprofit with volunteer job. You might be a private with the independent spirit and company acumen needed to begin a successful nonprofit; you may likewise be wondering if you can make a good living doing so. While there are constraints on if the company itself could reveal an earnings, there are several chances for you to directly earn money with a nonprofit company.
1. Research and look for federal government, foundation and corporate gives that allow a part of the granted funds to be allocated towards management expenditures. Within the classification of management expenses lies the wage as well as advantages bundle of the Chief Executive Officer, supervisor or whatever title you decide to lead your nonprofit company under corporation forms of business.
2. Hold fundraisers for your reason( s) that are arranged to designate a part of the funds elevated to functional costs– the cost of putting on the fundraiser– and also administrative expenses. Lots of people who take part in fundraising comprehend that there are prices connected with the task; these will likewise consist of the costs connected with your wage and also those of the business management.
3. Spending plan your income, benefits and incentive packages in proportion to the amount of income your organization will certainly produce throughout the year. Because your leadership efforts will straight influence the volume of funds increased throughout the years, you can create a compensation package that will properly pay you inning accordance with exactly how reliable your initiatives are.
4. Create profits for your organization through passive sources, including rental fees, aristocracies, financial investments, or interest settlements. If your company is a 501( c) 3– a tax-exempt organization– you will need to recognize any government restrictions on this type of earnings. Nonetheless, any type of added financing for the organization can include in the total amount of your individual revenue as soon as you have attended to the mission of the nonprofit.
5. It is feasible to achieve individual value running a nonprofit without obtaining any kind of money. As an example, several nonprofits have the ability to supply automobiles, had by the organization, for the personal use of the organizational leadership. In addition, gas cards, meal gratuities, and travel expenses are all areas where the nonprofit can conserve you money by selecting up the costs and enhancing your non reusable income therefore corporation forms of business.


For interviews please contact presthaya@the10group.co.uk or call 07713358350.
Mishcon de Reya Employment Partner Jennifer Millins is advising a number of senior women at the BBC on equal pay issues. She has studied in detail the reviews on pay that the BBC relies on in response to Carrie Gracie's allegations, and can explain what they do and do not reveal about the BBC's diversity. She can also clarify the difference between fair pay, equal pay and gender pay reports - a distinction the BBC has repeatedly tried to make to justify its position on this issue.
"The BBC may have hoped that its reported gender pay gap of 9.3%, around half the national average, would go some way to compensate for negative headlines it garnered on the issue last year (in July 2016, the high-earners list revealed that of all staff paid £150,000 or more from licence fee revenue, only one third were women). However, the BBC's gender pay gap figure is not an answer to individual equal pay complaint. Whilst equal pay and the gender gap both deal with the disparity of pay women receive in the workplace, they are two different issues.
"Sir Patrick Elias QC, former Court of Appeal judge and president of the Employment Appeal Tribunal, who reviewed both the BBC's recent pay audit and its Gender Pay Report, did conclude that there is no systematic discrimination against women in the BBC's pay arrangement. However, he also said that this did not mean there could be no individual cases of discrimination. Crucially, this report does not relate to on-air staff in any event, most of whom were expressly excluded from the audit.
"The data remains frustratingly opaque, and if we take a holistic view of the BBC's various reports, the BBC's diversity reporting provides few answers for women and gives them little to cheer about. A long-promised review of on air talent pay, which was due out last year, is yet to materialise.
"As Carrie Gracie's resignation shows, failing to pay men and women who are doing the same work the same amount of pay can create a lack of trust between an organisation and its employees. Failing to deal promptly with internal grievances only serves exacerbate this distrust, and in itself is a breach of an employer's obligations. As well as potential claims of substantial value, businesses should consider the severe reputational risks, both internal and external, which arise from an unconvincing, inconsistent gender pay report which lacks transparency, and a failure to deal with complaints from individuals when they arise."


What's the first thing that comes to mind when you hear the date 1776? The Revolutionary War? The signing of the Declaration of Independence? George Washington and his troops fighting for freedom? Acclaimed author Laurie Halse Anderson writes about all of these things – from the perspective of a 13 year old slave.
Chains is the first book in The Seeds of America trilogy. Living in Rhode Island, Isabel and her young sister Ruth were freed from slavery upon the death of their owner, but no one is interested in finding the lawyer who drew up the papers. Sold to a wealthy couple, they are taken to New York City where Isabel is put to work as a house servant and the cruel mistress treats Ruth as a doll to dress up and display. Hoping to gain freedom Isabel secretly passes information to the rebels, but when an officer has the opportunity to help her escape, he instead turns her over for punishment. Although subdued by the brutality at first, she decides to use her anger, focusing on a plan to get her and her sister to a safe place where they can be free.
Slavery is so often associated with the Civil War and the South that I found it very interesting to read about what was going on almost a hundred years earlier in the North. Isabel's story tells about what was happening to those without rights, and the Revolutionary War is a perfect setting, with the even larger drama of fighting to attain the freedom of an entire nation from the British. Chains is cataloged in our young adult section, but I would have no hesitation recommending it to adults looking for excellent historical fiction.


She called his name and Mercy answered.
what was spoken, or what was done.
Both were wrong, and both were right.
and she forgot to care about the outcome.
Beyond the battle ground, another world awaited them.
and her radiance burned the shadows dry.
as the wildflower where her deepest appreciation flourished.
With his eyes, he traced forgiveness on her lips.
she drummed the song of her return.


though I can still panic stop without dropping it.
Plus, survival, the letter should be here any day, friend on the radio, and less.
Poll: Why does it idle so high? Update [2008-5-23 17:30:39 by georgeha]: She's in, home brewing, home roasting.


text:
HCLS1-associated protein X-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HAX1 gene.

The protein encoded by this gene is known to associate with HS1, a substrate of Src family tyrosine kinases. It also interacts with the product of PKD2 gene, mutations in which are associated with autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease, and with F-actin-binding protein, cortactin. It was earlier thought that this gene product is mainly localized in the mitochondria, however, recent studies indicate it to be localized in the cell body. Two transcript variants encoding different isoforms have been found for this gene.

In 2015, localization of the protein to P-bodies was demonstrated.

Severe congenital neutropenia
Homozygous mutations in HAX1 are associated with autosomal recessive severe congenital neutropenia.

Interactions
HAX1 has been shown to interact with IL1A.  The protein has also been shown to interact with the 3' untranslated regions of vimentin and DNA polymerase B transcripts. The protein has been shown to interact with the mitochondrial protein disaggregase Skd3 and Skd3 has been shown to be essential for HAX1 solubility within mitochondria.

References

Further reading

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Correct alignment and function of the foot is fundamental to achieving optimum performance and reducing the risk of injury. The use of custom made insoles can assist in this by restricting or improving the function of the foot and ankle. They work alongside the other treatments prescribed by your therapist.


'Toast' is a chance to meet up on a Saturday morning once a month between 9.30am and 11.30am.
Anyone can come along to relax, socialize and meet up with friends. Our toys will also be available for those with younger children. It is called 'Toast' because toast (with a range of spreads!) will also be available during the morning! Toast is a moveable feast! Most of the time it takes place in the large hall on the ground floor. Sometimes we meet in 'The Link' area if the building is busy. It will always be obvious where we are. Anyone can come to Toast. It is especially suitable for families with young children, as it gives the opportunity to relax a bit while children play safely.


This letter was sent to the SEC commending the commission for its ongoing commitment to review existing regulations that impact capital formation in the United States. We are confident that a careful reassessment of the SEC's overall approach to issues affecting the burdens on companies to go public and stay public will, over time and in the aggregate, make an impact. The Chamber believes that transparency and disclosure are important elements of an efficient capital market and the ability of a business to raise capital from investors.


text:
Narratives, Politics, and the Public Sphere
Struggles Over Political Reform in the Final Transitional Years in Hong Kong (1992–1994)
Agnes S.M. Ku
Published July 30, 2018 by Routledge
Published August 16, 2018 by Routledge
Narratives, Politics, and the Public Sphere: Struggles Over Political Reform in the Final Transitional Years in Hong Kong (1992–1994)
Published in 1999, the book invites readers to rethink about the contemporary form of politics in terms of the cultural and narrative logics of public discourse. The author proposes that the notions of 'public' and 'narrative' are central to understanding the discursive formation of public opinion. Incorporating a reformulated conception of the public into a theory of narrative progression, Dr. Ku explains (1) the interaction between narrative construction and political conflicts in politics of public credibility and (2) the progressive or narrative formation of the force of the 'public' out of the struggle as well as its power over the positioning and re-positioning of the actors. Using the method of textual interpretation of newspaper discourses, she analyzes the interplay between politics and the 'public' by delving into the continuously changing narrative contexts wherein the controversy over governor Patten's reform proposals unfolded in Hong Kong between 1992 and 1994.
1. Introduction 2. Theoretical Approaches to the Public Sphere 3. Narratives and Politics 4. Methodology 5. Historical Development of the Political Public Sphere in Hong Kong 6. Political-Cultural Context in the Early 1990s 10. The Final Sino-British Battle Over Democratic Reform (1992-94) 8. Discursive Formation (I): Democracy, Romanticism and Cynicism 9. Discursive Formation (II): Stability and Comic-Realism 10. The Changing Public in the Political Process 11. The Romance to Strike Back? 12. Conclusion.
'[Her] analysis is systematically developed and well crafted.' The China Journal 'Agnes Ku's work reminds readers of the importance of agenda-setting and issue definition in the sphere of politics in general and the politics of reform in particular...this in-depth case study is a good qualitative work and will provide students with an alternative to elite-centric explanations of the politics of reform.' Journal of Asian and African Studies
Routledge Revivals
Asian Social Policy
Asian Studies (General)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


More expensive premiums, higher excesses and narrower coverage are set to become an insurance reality for many Australian businesses. Here's how SMB's can prepare for a hardening market.
Australian businesses have benefited from a soft insurance market for some years now, but it's time to prepare for a change.
We spoke with Steadfast Broker Technical Manager, Michael White about the cyclical nature of the market, the factors that drive it and how you can prepare for a harder market.
What is a hard or soft insurance market?
The nature of the market is driven by the availability of insurance, explains White.
"If there's a lot of capital coming into the insurance market, it's easier to get cover – so in a soft market insurers will chase business," he says.
A soft market can therefore mean lower insurance premiums, discounts, broader coverage, smaller excesses, narrow exclusions and insurers writing more policies with higher limits.
A hard market, on the other hand, is experienced when there is a decreased availability of insurance capital.
With decreased availability can come higher premiums, lower policy limits, bigger excesses, wider exclusions, narrower policy coverage and less competition between insurers.
Certain parts of the Australian insurance market are showing signs of hardening already.
"We're certainly seeing insurers not supporting certain kinds of risks such as for directors and officers generally, but in particular, D&O Side-C coverage for investor claims," says White, referring to products that protect companies from claims made against it and its directors and officers.
High-risk property is also becoming harder to place.
"These are property risks where they have a lot of issues around the building – buildings that are unoccupied, poorly maintained or generally in a distressed condition," White says.
Professions and businesses with a history of losses are also likely to find it harder to secure the kind of coverage they're seeking, White adds.
The two main ways you can take advantage of a soft market are through locking in savings on premiums and excesses, or by securing higher policy limits or broader cover now if you will need it later.
"For example, if you have cover for $5 million and you know you are soon going to need it expanded to $10 million, it may be easier to get now and cheaper in the long run," White says.
Your insurance broker may also be able to lock in future renewals on a favourable basis.
There are two main ways in which you can ready your business for a hard market.
The first is by factoring in increased costs. If you're aware of the cyclical nature of the insurance market, you have probably been taking advantage of its current state and may have prepared by saving for the inevitable: more expensive premiums, higher excesses, lower policy limits or narrower coverage.
If not, start factoring in these costs now.
The second way is by having a long-term relationship with a good insurance broker. No matter what stage of the cycle the market is at, a good broker will understand it and your business, have good long-term relationships with insurers and be able to secure you the best cover for your individual circumstances, as well as being able to advise on likely future changes to insurance costs.
A good broker is also invaluable in a hard market when policy wordings are narrower, limits are lower and excesses are bigger – as we've previously discussed, brokers can be your advocate should a claim be rejected.
For expert advice on insuring against the risks your small business faces, talk to us today.
The JVIB app has lots of features with some really useful tools so when you need us, especially at claim time, we are right there for you, on your phone – 24/7.


CITECH- Consulting Innovation TECHnologies- is a digital oriented company, which provides support for businesses and public sector organizations in their digital transformation through IT engineering services.
CITECH, is located in many cities in France, including Aix-en-Provence, Paris, Dijon and Lyon, and is able to address companies at a European level.
CITECH operates alongside key accounts in the following business industries: food & distribution, banking & insurance, industry, telecoms, public sector, health, services & utilities, transportation & logistics.
With nearly 20 years of experience in IT engineering services, CITECH leaders wished to develop business and technological expertise that offer quality services with high added values.
Our competent consultants who possess the necessary technical and business skills are at your service.
After creating a specification, our engineers will undertake a project based on your needs.
Outsourced engineering services implementing industrialized processes, whose quality of service is measured through periodically monitored detectors.


Brackley Town Council organise a variety of events throughout the year including Classic Cars in the Park, Community Carols and Christmas Lights switch-on. In addition the Council works with The Royal British Legion (Brackley Branch) to organise Armistice Day Commemorations and the Remembrance Day Parade and Service.
The Town Council is pleased to support the many annual community events which are held within the town and organised by hard working local groups for the benefit and enjoyment of our community.
Visit our Community What's On pages for details of up and coming events or visit our Face Book page.


Veronica Beard "Faber" colorblock sweater. Turtleneck. Long sleeves. Relaxed fit. Pullover style. Cashmere. Dry clean. Imported.
Tomas Maier colorblocked cashmere sweater. Split neckline. Long sleeves. Relaxed fit. Pullover style. Made in Italy.


text:
O'Farrell ist der Familienname folgender Personen:
 Barry O'Farrell (* 1959), australischer Politiker
 Colum O'Farrell (* 1977), irischer Skilangläufer und Biathlet
 Conor O'Farrell (* 1956), US-amerikanischer Fernsehschauspieler
 Elizabeth O'Farrell (1883–1957), irische Krankenschwester und Republikanerin
 Frank O'Farrell (1927–2022), irischer Fußballspieler
 Maggie O'Farrell (* 1972), irisch-britische Schriftstellerin
 Michael Joseph O'Farrell (1832–1894), Bischof von Trenton
 Peter O'Farrell, britischer Schauspieler

Siehe auch:
 Farrell
 O'Farrill


A new recipe for pills and tablets that includes oils and tiny porous particles can help your body absorb medicines more than twice as effectively.
"Around 40 per cent of drugs on the market are poorly soluble in water, and they are not being administered efficiently," says Hayley Schultz, the University of South Australia researcher who has developed the new formulation.
The Adelaide scientist has developed an oil-based formulation that mimics the food effect to improve the absorption of such drugs.
"These drugs are often taken without food, as the oil and fat content results in increased and unpredictable drug absorption. My new formulation mimics this phenomenon by incorporating oils to achieve greater absorption in a predictable way," Hayley says.
Hayley has demonstrated that the formulation results in more than twice the oral absorption of ibuprofen—by 220 per cent when compared to the commercial product Nurofen.


Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein has proven himself a polarizing figure. Depending on who you speak to, Rosenstein, appears to occupy one of three rather varying roles.
According to some, Rosenstein is part of the problem, actively working against President Trump's Administration. To others, he occupies a slightly more grey area, compromised but with the capability to adjust to a new political climate. Not actively bad, but not to be trusted either.
To add to the confusion, there are those who see Rosenstein as something of a quiet hero, a man who intentionally took control of the Russia Investigation out of the FBI's hands and has operating with honorable, or at least fully legal intentions.
An examination of underlying facts and timelines may help to establish a more complete picture.
On April 26, 2017, Rosenstein found himself appointed as the new Deputy Attorney General. He was placed into a somewhat chaotic situation as Attorney General Jeff Sessions had recused himself from the ongoing Russia Investigation a little less than two months earlier on March 2, 2017. This effectively meant that no one in the Trump Administration had any oversight into the ongoing investigation being conducted by the FBI and the DOJ.
Additionally, the FBI's leadership by then-Director Comey was increasingly coming under question as the result of actions taken leading up to and following the election, particularly Comey's handling of the Clinton email investigation.
On May 9, 2017, Rosenstein wrote a letter recommending FBI Director Comey be fired. The subject of letter was: Restoring Public Confidence in the FBI. Comey would be fired that day.
Unknown to everyone in the Trump Administration, that same day Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe was being interviewed by Agents from the FBI's Inspection Division (INSD) regarding apparent leaks that occurred in an October 30, 2016 Wall Street Journal article, FBI in Internal Feud Over Hillary Clinton Probe by Devlin Barrett.
McCabe would lie to the INSD Agents regarding his participation in the leaks as later disclosed in the Inspector General report, A Report of Investigation of Certain Allegations Relating to Former Deputy FBI Director Andrew McCabe. McCabe would be fired for lying under oath at least three different times and is currently the subject of an Grand Jury investigation.
At the time, nobody, including the INSD Agents, knew that McCabe had lied, nor were the darker aspects of McCabe's actions fully known. In light of Comey's firing, McCabe was now the Acting FBI Director and was immediately under consideration for the permanent position.
Two days later, on May 11, 2017, President Trump addressed the Russia Investigation in an interview given to Lester Holt of NBC News.
In the week following his firing, Comey leaked some memos of his interactions with President Trump to his friend Daniel Richman. The leaks happened on either the 15th or 16th of May 2017. Comey would later state he did so with the intention of forcing the appointment of a Special Counsel.
For the last six months, DOJ Official Bruce Ohr had been secretly communicating with Christopher Steele. Ohr became the conduit between Steele, Fusion GPS, and the FBI after Steele was formally terminated by the FBI in late October or early November 2016. Ohr occupied the position directly below the newly installed Rosenstein.
Ohr had been transmitting his communications with Steele through a series of interviews with the FBI that were documented in FD-302s, which serve as summarizing memos. The meetings between the FBI and Ohr came to an abrupt stop on May 15, 2017.
On the morning of May 16, 2017, Rosenstein reportedly suggested that he secretly record President Trump to Acting FBI Director McCabe. This remark was reported in a New York Times article that was sourced from memos from the now-fired McCabe, along with testimony taken from former FBI General Counsel James Baker, who relayed a conversation he had with McCabe about the occurrence. Rosenstein issued a statement denying the accusations.
Baker, who was part of McCabe's group, was communicating with journalist David Corn and has admitted to receiving a copy of the dossier from Corn in the days following the election. Baker has also admitted to secretly meeting with Perkins Coie lawyer Michael Sussmann, who provided Baker with documents and electronic media related to Russian meddling in the election. Perkins Coie is the law firm for the DNC and the Hillary Clinton campaign.
Later, on the same day that Rosenstein had his meetings with McCabe, President Trump met with former FBI Director Robert Mueller, reportedly as an interview for the FBI Director job. The idea that Mueller would be considered for the FBI Director role seems highly unlikely, although not entirely impossible.
Mueller had previously served as the FBI Director from 2001 to 2013 – two years beyond the normal ten-year tenure for an FBI Director. In 2011, Obama requested that Mueller stay on as FBI Director for an additional two years, which required special approval from the senate. We still don't know what was actually said at the meeting between Mueller and President Trump.
On May 17, 2017, the day after President Trump's meeting with Mueller – and the day after Rosenstein's encounters with McCabe – Rosenstein appointed Mueller as Special Counsel.
Regardless of one's opinion of Rosenstein, the May 17th appointment of Mueller accomplished one very significant thing. It shifted control of the Russia Investigation from the FBI and McCabe to Mueller. Rosenstein would retain ultimate authority for the probe and any expansion of Mueller's investigation required authorization from Rosenstein.
Interestingly, without Comey's memo leaks, a Special Counsel would never have been appointed – the FBI, and possibly McCabe, would have remained in charge of Russia Investigation. McCabe was probably not going to become the permanent FBI Director but he was reportedly under consideration. Regardless, without Comey's leak, McCabe would have retained direct involvement and the FBI would have retained control.
We sit down with a team of attorneys from the Department of Justice. All of whom review that and provide a briefing for us for what's in it. And I've reviewed that one in some detail, and I can tell you the information about that doesn't match with my understanding of the one that I signed.
What Rosenstein was formally briefed on was different than the FISA materials put before the House and Senate Intelligence Committees by the DOJ. While some have made much of the fact Rosenstein didn't actually read the materials himself I've been told this is the normal process. What is not normal is receiving a deceptive briefing from DOJ lawyers.
On July 27 2017, Inspector General Horowitz notified Mueller of the newly discovered Strzok/Page texts which immediately resulted in Strzok being removed from the Special Counsel Investigation. Horowitz had found the texts some time earlier – on or before July 14, 2017.
McCabe had authorized Page to leak information to reporter Devlin Barrett – and Page did so thinking she had been granted legal/official authorization to do so. Page, when confronted with McCabe's denials, produced texts refuting the Deputy FBI Director's deception. This is what likely led to the Inspector General uncovering the thousands of texts between Strzok and Page.
On July 28, 2017, McCabe lied to IG Horowitz while under oath regarding the text messages between Strzok/Page. At this point, Horowitz knew McCabe was lying – although Horowitz did not yet know of the May 9th INSD's interview with McCabe.
On August 2 2017, Rosenstein secretly issued Mueller a revised Scope of Investigation & Definition of Authority Memo which remains heavily redacted. The full purpose of this Memo remains unknown. On this same day, Christopher Wray was named the new FBI Director.
Two days later, on August 4, 2017, AG Sessions announced the formation of a newly established Leak Task Force. Rosenstein and Wray were tasked with overseeing all leak investigations.
There's been a lot of speculation as to what lies with Rosenstein's memo, but consider the title – Scope of Investigation & Definition of Authority – and do so in the context of events.
That memo was probably specifically designed to remove any residual FBI influence – specifically that of McCabe, from the Russia investigation. The appointment of Wray as FBI director helped cement this. McCabe was finally completely neutralized.
Two other important events would take place.
On October 5, 2017, Papadopoulos plead guilty to lying to the FBI. On October 27, 2017, Manafort and Gates were indicted on FARA violations relating to a period under the Obama Administration involving Ukraine. The Manafort indictment appears to lead straight to connections with the Podesta Group as well as Russian Oligarch Oleg Deripaska. The indictments were made public on October 30, 2017.
Tony Podesta immediately stepped down from as chairman of the Podesta Group and the firm was effectively dismantled. Meanwhile, the Manafort case continues and Deripaska had new sanctions imposed on him this week.
Deripaska's lawyer, Adam Waldman, appeared to be representing Christopher Steele and Julian Assange in addition to Deripaska. We know this from texts sent between Waldman and Senator Mark Warner. Reference is also made in these texts to Dan Jones. His company, the Penn Quarter Group retained Steele and Fusion GPS at some point in 2016 – possibly earlier.
Finally, on February 16, 2018, another Mueller Indictment was issued. This was related to Russian interference in our election and the indictment of twelve Russians. Overlooked in the whole affair was the crucial fact that no U.S. citizen or member of the Trump Campaign collusion was found to be involved in any collusion. Mueller exonerated President Trump of any collusion. Importantly, the Steele dossier was inherently shown to be false.
There's no allegation that any American was knowingly involved in the conspiracy.
Nor was there an allegation that the efforts of the defendants affected the outcome of the election.
More recently, on September 17, 2018, President Trump issued a declassification order. Three days later, he reversed that order and pushed the declassification process back onto IG Horowitz.
Trump decided to reverse course after talks with intelligence officials, including Rod J. Rosenstein, the deputy attorney general, who engaged in conversations with the president with the aim of informing him of all the ramifications of his order.
The same day the news broke regarding President Trump's reversal decision, the New York Times ran its story about Rosenstein recording the President. McCabe was the source of the accusations and the allegations came at a critical juncture. Baker is naturally aligned with McCabe and Page and his testimony is both second-hand and naturally suspect.
Most of the reporting treated the Times story as more trouble for Rosenstein. Somehow overlooked was who was making the accusations.
McCabe and company are rightly frightened. Obama's corrupt "7th Floor" – the former leadership of the FBI – has been decimated. Worth asking is who's responsible for much of that.
An honest examination of facts make one thing perfectly clear. At every juncture of Rosenstein's involvement, McCabe was completely outplayed.
Deputy Attorney General Rosenstein may be owed a long-deserved apology from his critics.


NAATI's vision is for a connected community without language barriers. Our mission is to set and maintain high national standards for the translating and interpreting sector to ensure a supply of certified professionals to meet the changing needs of Australia's culturally and linguistically diverse society.
NAATI certification provides quality assurance to the consumers of translating and interpreting services and gives credibility to agencies and organisations that engage certified translators and interpreters.


text:
package chdbr

import (
	"database/sql"
	"reflect"
)

// Load loads any value from sql.Rows
func Load(rows *sql.Rows, value interface{}) (int, error) {
	defer rows.Close()

	column, err := rows.Columns()
	if err != nil {
		return 0, err
	}

	v := reflect.ValueOf(value)
	if v.Kind() != reflect.Ptr || v.IsNil() {
		return 0, ErrInvalidPointer
	}
	v = v.Elem()
	isSlice := v.Kind() == reflect.Slice && v.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8
	count := 0
	for rows.Next() {
		var elem reflect.Value
		if isSlice {
			elem = reflect.New(v.Type().Elem()).Elem()
		} else {
			elem = v
		}
		ptr, err := findPtr(column, elem)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		err = rows.Scan(ptr...)
		if err != nil {
			return 0, err
		}
		count++
		if isSlice {
			v.Set(reflect.Append(v, elem))
		} else {
			break
		}
	}
	return count, nil
}

type dummyScanner struct{}

func (dummyScanner) Scan(interface{}) error {
	return nil
}

var (
	dummyDest   sql.Scanner = dummyScanner{}
	typeScanner             = reflect.TypeOf((*sql.Scanner)(nil)).Elem()
)

func findPtr(column []string, value reflect.Value) ([]interface{}, error) {
	if value.Addr().Type().Implements(typeScanner) {
		return []interface{}{value.Addr().Interface()}, nil
	}
	switch value.Kind() {
	case reflect.Struct:
		var ptr []interface{}
		m := structMap(value)
		for _, key := range column {
			if val, ok := m[key]; ok {
				ptr = append(ptr, val.Addr().Interface())
			} else {
				ptr = append(ptr, dummyDest)
			}
		}
		return ptr, nil
	case reflect.Ptr:
		if value.IsNil() {
			value.Set(reflect.New(value.Type().Elem()))
		}
		return findPtr(column, value.Elem())
	}
	return []interface{}{value.Addr().Interface()}, nil
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Pure es una película británica protagonizada por Molly Parker, Harry Eden, David Wenham y la nominada al Óscar Keira Knightley.

Argumento

Tras la muerte de su marido, Mel (Molly Parker), la madre de Paul (Harry Eden) un niño de 10 años, contacta a un viejo amigo de su esposo, Lenny (David Wenham) el cual es un distribuidor local de droga y hace que Mel se haga adicta, pero Paul intenta ayudar a su madre a dejar su adicción, aun con sus limitaciones como niño. Mientras esto sucede, Paul se hace amigo de una adolescente embarazada, Louise (Keira Knightley), una chica mayor que también es una adicta a las drogas.

Reparto
 Molly Parker como Mel.
 Harry Eden como Paul.
 David Wenham como Lenny.
 Keira Knightley como Louise.
 Geraldine McEwan como Nanna.
 Vinnie Hunter como Lee.
 Marsha Thomason como Vicki.
 Gary Lewis como el Detective French.
 Kate Ashfield como Helen.
 Paulina Clavijo como Soff

Premios
Festival Internacional de Cine de Berlín
 Ganador: Gillies MacKinnon
 Ganador: Harry Eden

Enlaces externos
 Pure at the Internet Movie Database


An incredible opportunity. I was a designer on a team of Creatives for the Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Torch Relay web site sponsored by Coke. Teamwork was a crucial part of this project, which involved working with Flash developers in New York City and a client based in Atlanta. Not to mention the tight deadline.


The first 6 months of my life unhinged was an emotional rollercoaster but I am finally getting into my groove. I think.
My husband came to town for a couple of days with the sole purpose of asking me if I would consider coming back to him, Colorado, and all of my dreams. I said no. I did't even really have to think about it because when I do, I get that sick sinking feeling in the pit of my stomach like I did every time I had to go back after visiting my family here in the South over the last 8 years. Colorado isn't home anymore and neither is the house that was our dream home. I have moved on and am happy to say that I am finally at peace with my Nomadic life and I think it suits me just fine! My heart is actually full of compassion for him because he finally realizes that he doesn't love her like he thought and they aren't together anymore. (Bawaaa) I'm sure they will still be a part of each others lives and I truly wish him the best. Her, not so much but that's just me.
I am finding that working seasonal jobs leaves me plenty of time and money to travel and kickstart my freelance writing. My focus for now will be writing articles about Airbnb spaces and for a few months this will be a FREE service so if you or anyone you know has a space you want me to write about, contact me here. Eventually, I will also write articles on other things like interesting towns to visit, covered bridges, cafe's and other unique places.
I just booked my first Airbnb cabin to write about! The Ouachita River Cabin Queen Room, Malvern AR. I'm going to visit my ex-mother-in-law and will spend one night here and interview Mr. Bill. Stay tuned!


30 selected juniors, from 6 States and Territories, plus New Zealand, participated in the 2017 Johns-Putra JETS camp at Campbell High School in Canberra, ACT, from 3-7 July.
Applications for the 2018 JETS Squad, targeting keen and improving juniors aged between 8 and 16, will begin in January. To be eligible for the squad, Australian juniors are required to participate in the 2018 Australian Junior Championship or the 2018 Australian Championships (any division).


text:
Q: Bean service not created on second call I am having some unexpected behaviour when trying to inject my service bean to my controller. What I mean getting is when I initial call my controller with the end point localhost:8082/content/asset ; the first instance the service is created and I get back the result I expect. However when I then make a second call to for example localhost:8082/content/asset/all my service is null for some reason and I am not sure what is going on as both calls are part of the same controller.
Here is my controller
@Log4j2
@Controller
public class ContentCreationController {

    @Autowired
    private ContentCategoryService contentCategoryService;

    //the service is not null
    @Secured({"ROLE_PROJECTADMIN", "ROLE_ADMIN"})
    @GetMapping("content/asset")
    @ResponseBody
    public ModelAndView homeContent(HttpServletRequest request) {
        contentCategoryService.getContentCategoriesByUser(request.getUserPrincipal().getName());
        return new ModelAndView("content_creation");
    }

    //this call the service is null
    @Secured({"ROLE_PROJECTADMIN", "ROLE_API", "ROLE_STUDENT", "ROLE_TEACHER", "ROLE_ADMIN"})
    @GetMapping("content/asset/all")
    @ResponseBody
    private List<ContentCategory> getAllContentCategory(HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.info("Request: " + request.getUserPrincipal().getName());

        return contentCategoryService.getContentCategoriesByUser(request.getUserPrincipal().getName());
    }

}

Here is my service
@Service
@Log4j2
public class ContentCategoryService {
    @Secured({"ROLE_STUDENT", "ROLE_TEACHER", "ROLE_ADMIN"})
    public List<ContentCategory> getContentCategoriesByUser(String username){
        //get user
        User u = userService.loadUserByUsername(username);

        List<ContentCategory> list = contentCategoryRepository.findByEnabled(true);
        return list.stream().filter(i -> {
            for(String r : i.getAuthorisedRoles()){
                if(i.getContentProvider() != null && i.getMultiMediaContentList() != null){
                    log.info(i.getName() + " has " + i.getMultiMediaContentList().size() + " content items");
                }else{
                    log.info(i.getName() + " has 0 content items and thus, no content provider!");
                }
                if(UserUtilities.userHasRole(u, r)){
                    return true;
                }
            }
            return false;
        }).collect(Collectors.toList());
    }
}

Here is the full stack trace
java.lang.NullPointerException
    at com.avantiplc.controllers.ContentCreationController.getAllContentCategory(ContentCreationController.java:38)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.doInvoke(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:221)
    at org.springframework.web.method.support.InvocableHandlerMethod.invokeForRequest(InvocableHandlerMethod.java:136)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.invokeAndHandle(ServletInvocableHandlerMethod.java:114)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.invokeHandlerMethod(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:827)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.handleInternal(RequestMappingHandlerAdapter.java:738)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.handle(AbstractHandlerMethodAdapter.java:85)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doDispatch(DispatcherServlet.java:963)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet.doService(DispatcherServlet.java:897)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.processRequest(FrameworkServlet.java:970)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.doGet(FrameworkServlet.java:861)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:622)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.FrameworkServlet.service(FrameworkServlet.java:846)
    at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:729)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:230)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.apache.tomcat.websocket.server.WsFilter.doFilter(WsFilter.java:52)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.springframework.web.servlet.resource.ResourceUrlEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(ResourceUrlEncodingFilter.java:53)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:317)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.invoke(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:127)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.intercept.FilterSecurityInterceptor.doFilter(FilterSecurityInterceptor.java:91)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.access.ExceptionTranslationFilter.doFilter(ExceptionTranslationFilter.java:115)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.session.SessionManagementFilter.doFilter(SessionManagementFilter.java:137)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.doFilter(AnonymousAuthenticationFilter.java:111)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.servletapi.SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextHolderAwareRequestFilter.java:169)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.savedrequest.RequestCacheAwareFilter.doFilter(RequestCacheAwareFilter.java:63)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.doFilter(AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter.java:200)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.authentication.logout.LogoutFilter.doFilter(LogoutFilter.java:121)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.csrf.CsrfFilter.doFilterInternal(CsrfFilter.java:100)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.header.HeaderWriterFilter.doFilterInternal(HeaderWriterFilter.java:66)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.doFilter(SecurityContextPersistenceFilter.java:105)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.context.request.async.WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.doFilterInternal(WebAsyncManagerIntegrationFilter.java:56)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy$VirtualFilterChain.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:331)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilterInternal(FilterChainProxy.java:214)
    at org.springframework.security.web.FilterChainProxy.doFilter(FilterChainProxy.java:177)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.invokeDelegate(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:346)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy.doFilter(DelegatingFilterProxy.java:262)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.RequestContextFilter.doFilterInternal(RequestContextFilter.java:99)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.HttpPutFormContentFilter.doFilterInternal(HttpPutFormContentFilter.java:87)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter.doFilterInternal(HiddenHttpMethodFilter.java:77)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter.doFilterInternal(CharacterEncodingFilter.java:197)
    at org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter.doFilter(OncePerRequestFilter.java:107)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:192)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:165)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:198)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:108)
    at org.apache.catalina.authenticator.AuthenticatorBase.invoke(AuthenticatorBase.java:522)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:140)
    at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:79)
    at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:87)
    at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:349)
    at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.service(Http11Processor.java:1110)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProcessorLight.process(AbstractProcessorLight.java:66)
    at org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol$ConnectionHandler.process(AbstractProtocol.java:785)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioEndpoint$SocketProcessor.doRun(NioEndpoint.java:1425)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.SocketProcessorBase.run(SocketProcessorBase.java:49)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
    at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
    at org.apache.tomcat.util.threads.TaskThread$WrappingRunnable.run(TaskThread.java:61)
    at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

any help would be much appreciated.

A: My issue was that for some reason in Spring the methods within the controller must be public.
for example my following method was private
    @Secured({"ROLE_PROJECTADMIN", "ROLE_API", "ROLE_STUDENT", "ROLE_TEACHER", "ROLE_ADMIN"})
    @GetMapping("content/asset/all")
    @ResponseBody
    private List<ContentCategory> getAllContentCategory(HttpServletRequest request) {
        log.info("Request: " + request.getUserPrincipal().getName());

        return contentCategoryService.getContentCategoriesByUser(request.getUserPrincipal().getName());
    }

But when I set the access modifier to public the service was being created  correctly.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The April 2019 Release goes live April 1, 2019 at 8:00 AM EST.
A grandson of Constantine, Edgar Pinchot (1826-1900) left his birthplace of Milford, PA to study and work in Manhattan. The Legend goes that before he returned home to Milford, his hostess gave him a cutting of the Rose of Grasse, a plant that grew in her own New York garden. The cutting was then planted at the first Pinchot family home in Milford, PA, which is now the Milford Community House. After being planted in Milford in 1838, the plant flourished, and cuttings were gifted to many other Milford families and locations.
The March 2019 Release is right around the corner!! These soaps will be available for purchase at Kilted Suds March 1, 2019 at 8:00 AM EST.


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Fred Crutcher (born ) is a former American football tailback. He played for the USC Trojans from 1981 to 1985. He tore ligaments in his left knee in 1982 and was slowed by the injury in 1983.  He was the lead running back for the 1984 team, totaling 1,155 rushing yards and 10 touchdowns. He was described as "a pounding type who endures punishment and is always heading upfield, but seldom breaks long runs." He became known by the nickname "Four-Yard Freddie".  In five years at USC, he totaled 2,815 rushing yards and scored 21 touchdowns.

References

Living people
American football running backs
USC Trojans football players
Year of birth missing (living people)


First, let's make sure you're not confusing wanting to delete Facebook accounts with just wanting to deactivate them. Basically, a deactivated Facebook account means you'll still be able to reactivate it whenever you want, and some of your info will remain visible (like messages, for example). Also, people won't be able to look up your account and its timeline.
A deleted Facebook account, however, means you will no longer be able to regain access to the account once it's deleted. It will be gone for good, essentially.
First, go to "Settings" on your account. You can reach that section by clicking on the inverted triangle symbol at the top right of your page (near the Quick Help icon).
You should be automatically taken to the "General" column. If you're not, click on it – it's the first one on the top left.
All that's left is to enter your password to confirm the process, select (or write) a reason why you're doing this, and confirm.
When you'll want to reactivate your account, you'll just need to log back into it. Alternatively, you can also activate the account by using it to log into another platform. Keep in mind you'll still need access to the email or phone number you used to sign up. In case you no longer remember your password, you can just request a new one.
Go to "Settings" on the top right of your page (use the inverted triangle symbol).
In case you want to know what's included in your Facebook data, here's a useful link.
Access this link first – you can also look it up in the Facebook Help Center but it's faster this way.
That's pretty much it – Facebook will initiate a process in which they'll delete any data associated with your account on their backup systems.
The deletion request is delayed for a few days. If, during that period, you log back into your account, the deletion request is cancelled.
Messages you sent to friends will probably not get deleted, as they are not stored in your account.
Facebook might keep some data (like log records), which they claim are not associated with any personal identifiers.
People will no longer be able to see your account on Facebook.
Lastly – the whole deletion process takes up to 90 days. During that period, you won't be able to access your Facebook info.
How Do You Delete a Facebook Account That Belongs to Someone Else?
While it is possible to do that, it's important to clarify that you can only do this if the person in question is irreversibly physically or mentally unable to continue using their Facebook account. Also, Facebook doesn't consider people who are in rehab or prison to fit those requirements.
When the person is under 13 years old – Since Facebook doesn't allow members who are under 13 years of age to use their platform, you'll have to report the account.
When the person is over 13 years old – You will need to access this link and submit a request, which will then be reviewed by Facebook.


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Ercole Strozzi (Ferrara, September 2, 1473 – Ferrara, June 6, 1508) was an Italian poet, the son of Tito Vespasiano Strozzi. He was a friend of Lucrezia Borgia, to whom he dedicated the poem La caccia. He married the poet Barbara Torelli and was murdered in Ferrara by an unknown assailant.

Murder
On the morning of 6 June 1508, the body of Ercole Strozzi was found on the road near the Church of San Francesco in Ferrara, at the corner of via Praisolo and via Savonarola, near the wall of casa Romei. The lack of blood at the scene indicated that he had been moved. He had been out riding his mule the day before when he was ambushed and stabbed 22 times. His brothers, Lorenzo and Guido Strozzi, beseeched Francesco Gonzaga to avenge the death, but the perpetrators were never discovered; his wife, Barabara, also sought Gonzaga's protection following this event. Ercole's daughter was only 13 days old at the time of the murder. Ercole also had another child by her and two other illegitimate children. Pope Julius II accused his inveterate enemy, the then Duke of Ferrara, Alfonso I d'Este, of playing a role in the murder of Ercole.

References

1473 births
1508 deaths
Italian poets
Italian male poets
New Latin-language poets
15th-century Latin writers
Ercole
Writers from Ferrara


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Q: How to detect loss of accessibility focus with on-screen navigation buttons? I'm looking at the Support4Demos from the Android SDK and I'm not sure if this is working as intended.  Specifically, I'm referring to accessibility focus when using the Widget > Explore by Touch Helper demo.  If I tap on one of the blue regions to give it accessibility focus then tap on the on-screen home button focus will switch to the home button.  But if I tap on the same blue region as before nothing happens (but if I tap on the other blue region focus transfers from the home button).  I'm testing this on a Kindle with on-screen navigation buttons.
Am I correct in assuming that focus should transfer back to the blue region?  If so, what is the proper way to handle this?  Presumably there would be a way to know that the user tapped on something outside of the app and in response to this I could clear state in the ExploreByTouchHelper but I'm not sure how I would go about that.


Ideal for exterior fencing and other outdoor uses – larch is an extremely durable timber and doesn't need treating, it should have a lifespan for around 25 years although colour will weather grey over time.
We are able to cut the larch fencing to any size as required – should you require different/specific sizes, please email a cutting list to info@celtictimber.co.uk.
All orders are cut to order and normally have a lead time of up to 3-4 weeks, please contact us if you need the Pembrokeshire larch fencing sooner.


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Chazeuil  es una población y comuna francesa, situada en la región de Borgoña, departamento de Nièvre, en el distrito de Clamecy y cantón de Brinon-sur-Beuvron.

Demografía

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 INSEE

Localidades de Nièvre


It is allowed to reduce the overall weight of the conrods by removing the flashing on the shank of all three connecting rods to attain the weight spec, provided for in the homologation specs.
It is allowed to remove any excess wiring, heat sensors, rev limiters, low oil sensors etc. It is forbidden to modify coils, to rewire coils or other components, to tamper with CDI units or to add any electrical component (starter) or any other part that is not a standard original part.
Bullet or racing gearboxes are allowed.
No restrictions on welding of the crank.
No restrictions on dimensions quoted.
No restrictions on weights quoted.
Measurements not quoted in the homologation sheets may be altered.
Parts may be changed with another manufacturer.


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Home > 2011 Issues > March 27, 2011
Seminar on ban on conversion in Bengaluru
Proselytisation is a violence on human dignity - Danie Periera
"WE are born in Bharat and with due regards to my elders and the society I like to declare that I am a Hindu Christian. The organisations, individuals, group of evangelists, trusts or the missionaries which are converting the Hindus to Christianity through illegal and unfair means are nothing but traitors, as they are weakening the very back bone of this country," said Shri Danie Periera, a converted Christian who runs educational institutions in Karnataka. He was speaking at a seminar organised by Varthamana in Bengaluru on March 11 on the topic of 'Ban on Conversions - Problems and Possible Solutions'.
Raising his voice against conversion, he said the Christian missionaries are using foreign funds for conversions. "I endorse the words of the great saints that this land is my mother and I am her child," he said. He said those who are indulging in conversions can go to any extent to take advantage of the situation.
Supreme Court advocate Shri Sathish Chandra said Christian missionaries normally come up with three points to counter the allegations on conversion-right to propagate Christianity under Article 25(2), percentage of Christians is stagnant at 2.8 per cent, and Christians are serving the society by running schools, colleges, orphanages, hospitals, etc, so they should not be questioned. He said it is completely wrong on the part of the missionaries to claim that they have legal support to conversion. He said the actual population of converted Christians in India may have crossed 11 to 12 per cent.
Noted writer, thinker and retired scientist of NASA, Dr NS Rajaram said the Christians cannot be called a minority in India and should be treated as a worldwide Christian community just as any multinational company starting its operation in India cannot be isolated from their main office. He said 'conversion to Christianity is what jehad is to Islam.
President of Madiga Dandora Dalit community Shri M Shankarappa requested the upper caste Hindus to extend friendly gesture to the low caste Hindus who are basically trapped by the evangelists on the promise that they will get respect with them. Shri M Chidananda Murthy urged the Karnataka Government to enact anti-conversion law immediately on the lines of Madhya Pradesh.
Sri Mahanta Linga Swamiji of Vibhutipura Mutt said those who are getting education through Christian schools are either looking down at the Hindu way of life or getting converted to Christianity, which is a national disaster. Karnataka ST Board chairperson Smt Mangala Sridhar and noted writer Shri SL Byrappa who presided over the seminar, also spoke on the occasion.
(By R Guru Prasad)


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Pride Event
2022-07-02 2nd July 2022 - 2023-01-31 Now
2nd July 2022 • 11:00 am - 8:00 pm
Clacton Pride 2022
Greensward, Clacton-on-sea Marine Parade West, Clacton-on-sea
Clacton's first ever live Pride Event will take place on Saturday 2 July 2022, and is free for all. At West Greensward, Marine Parade East - starting at 11am, we have live music through till 8pm. Come and join us!
2nd July 2022 • 1:30 pm - 5:30 pm
HouseProud – #AllOurPride
Reformer's Tree Hyde Park, London
Pride in London commemorates 50 Years since the first Pride took place in the UK. HouseProud invites you to join our Pride celebrations! About this event Pride in London The parade march commemorates the past 50 years and our evolution as a movement; acknowledging those torch bearers who have come before us and their achievements. […]
27th August 2022 • 12:00 pm
March with Hidayah at Manchester Pride 2022
Manchester City Centre Manchester
Come join us at the Manchester Pride Parade for a Hidayah Social. Pride Mubarak! This year, Hidayah LGBTQI (a charity dedicated to LGBTQ Muslims) will be marching at Manchester Pride, insha Allah. We would absolutely love to see you there where you can: Meet other LGBTQ Muslims, including members of the Hidayah team March with […]
£5 – £10
3rd September 2022 • 10:30 am - 6:00 pm
Totnes Pride 2022
Totnes Totnes, Devon
Fore Street (0.4 miles to Rotherfold) 10:30 AM: Procession gather outside Royal Seven Stars 11:00 AM: Procession begins Accessibility: Bob the Bus Community bus will be offering free transport on the procession route Rotherfold 12:00 – 6:00 PM: Speeches, choir performance, live music, community stalls, outdoor games, drag storytime. An ambulance and first aid service […]
3rd September 2022 • 2:00 pm
Bi Pride UK 2022
Queen Mary University of London Mile End Road, London
Join us in celebrating our diverse community at Bi Pride UK 2022 When: Saturday, September 3rd 2022 2pm to 10pm Where: The People's Palace, Mile End (Located in Queen Mary University of London) Main Stage Featuring an array of artists and performers from our beautiful community. Headlined by the real stars of Rupaul's Drag Race […]
10th September 2022 • 11:00 am - 7:00 pm
Pride in Gloucestershire
Gloucester Park, Gloucester Gloucester, Gloucestershire
Our main Pride event of the year. With a Main and Cabaret Stage, Trans Tent, Youth Area, Family Zone, "Speakers Corner", Bi Area together with Funfair Rides, Bars Food and community and trade stalls. Parade through Gloucester City Centre.


How's the Psychic Saiga Shaping Up?
As the World Cup reaches the half-way point in terms of games played, kazaxia takes a look at how @psychicsaiga has performed thus far.
It's been a mixed World Cup for @psychicsaiga with some spectacular successes, including Costa Rica's victory over Italy, and some atrocious choices with England, tipped for the final by the not so psychic saiga, dumped out of the competition after only two games.
@psychcicsaiga's current score is 16 correct predictions out of a possible 32 – a 50% strike rate. The saiga's other picks for the last 4 – Argentina, Germany and Brazil are looking good.
Of course, it's a game of two halves so hopefully this long-nosed antelope can improve on that ratio in the second half of the tournament.


So I understand that cooking sous vide has a potentially high risk of botulism due to the anaerobic environment (vacuum). As such, you need to be careful with time and temp combinations. If you are storing food for service later, you need to flash chill it and then keep it in a fridge below 4C. This is easy enough at a restaurant with a walk-in, but is somewhat difficult in a home fridge as opening the door creates wide temperature swings.
How big should I expect the swings in my home fridge to be with normal usage?
If I have a second fridge and the door rarely opens, what will the temperature swings be there?
Since the botulism concern is due to the vacuum, am I correct in thinking that this concern will disappear if I remove the meat from the vacuum to store it? Obviously, this approach would reintroduce all the normal safety concerns with storing cooked meat.
Flash chilling is very simple. Just make sure you have a fairly large ice bath (ice and water that is at least 50% ice) and put the meat immediately from the heated bath into the ice bath. This will rapidly chill the meat prior to refrigeration. Make sure you leave the meat in the ice bath long enough for it to chill to the center if it's a thick cut or a roast.
1 How big should I expect the swings in my home fridge to be with normal usage?
The mild swings from opening and closing your refrigerator door a couple times a day aren't going to really make big difference. Just make sure you don't leave the door open for extended periods of time.
2 If I have a second fridge and the door rarely opens, what will the temperature swings be there?
There are a lot of things that influence the temperature of a refridgerator besides opening and closing the door. A refrigerator goes through cycles for chilling (and for defrosting) etc where the temperature varies. Some brands of refridgerators (i.e. Samsung) have separate cooling systems for the freezer and fridge portions so freezer defrost cycles do not cause swings in temperature in the fridge section.
Also, an empty refrigerator loses a lot more heat than a full refrigerator when the door is open. Storing plastic bottles of water or cans of soda and beer on empty shelves will actually make the temperature more constant over time since they retain more heat (or "cold") than air. Of course, if you turn a fridge into a beer-fridge, chances are that the door is gonna get opened a lot more.
3 Since the botulism concern is due to the vacuum, am I correct in thinking that this concern will disappear if I remove the meat from the vacuum to store it? Obviously, this approach would reintroduce all the normal safety concerns with storing cooked meat.
Sous-vide cooking should pasteurize the meat if it was cooked long enough and kill most . Keeping the pastuerized food that is sealed at a controlled temperature is going to preserve it for much longer than breaking open the seal and allowing any pathogens in before keeping it at the same temperature.
The most important thing is to follow the established safety charts for cooking times, temperatures, using correct flash chilling and then following the safety charts for storage temperatures and duration as well.
I'm not sure about your question 3, but as I thought about 1 and 2, I figured the swings would not be too big if you don't open your fridge for extended periods of time: how much air is really exchanged between the inside and the outside if you open your fridge door for 5 seconds - which already gives you plenty of time to get something out?
I figured the internets would have to know something about this so I set about searching for some graphs. Turns out Berkeley has a class that includes an experiment where students measure the temperature in their fridge over a 24 hr period. Most graphs look somewhat like the one on this page, where indeed the swings in temperature from the hysteresis window are larger than occasional increases because of opening the door.
I found two outliers. The first one is from a fridge catering to a large group of students, and the article suggests someone might have put a warm dish in the fridge. The second one is potentially very interesting - the author says she thinks the big upswing is from a wall defrosting cycle in the attached freezer, but that meal time opening of the fridge door didn't do anything to the temperatures.
having your fridge do a wall defrosting cycle for the attached freezer.
Other swings are negligible when compared to the natural operating cycle for your fridge.
Not the answer you're looking for? Browse other questions tagged food-safety meat sous-vide botulism or ask your own question.
Is there additional risk in cooking meat sous-vide from frozen?


text:
Nick Viall Was the Best Bachelor Yet: Here Are Three Things He Did to Prove It
By Erin Alexander
It's fair to say that viewers of The Bachelor season 21 had a wide variety of reactions to watching Nick Viall's fourth TV-sanctioned quest for love. Fans at times didn't know what to make of his connection with cheese pasta enthusiast Corinne Olympios, or the fact that he appeared to send ladies packing right after they professed their love for the guy. But if you ask Us, his naysayers couldn't be more wrong.
Biggest 'Bachelor' and 'Bachelorette' Villains
With the venerable ABC dating show marking its 15th anniversary this month, we're here to make the case in defense of Viall's season. In fact, we'll take it one step further: Viall was the best Bachelor we've seen so far, and here are three pieces of evidence to back it up. And if this list bothers you, then you should just know that we're not here to make friends.
These 'Bachelor' and 'Bachelorette' Babies Will Melt Your Heart
1. He didn't have a fairy tale romance
If there's one thing Viall isn't, it's Prince Charming. Considering this is real life we're talking about, despite the fact that it's a reality television show, we admire that the two-time Bachelorette runner-up, 36, wasn't trying to sell viewers a glossy narrative. At one point during the season, it even seemed as if Viall might walk away without a relationship of any kind.
Failed Reality TV Romances
And although he put a stunning Neil Lane diamond engagement ring on now-fiancée Vanessa Grimaldi's finger, viewers of their After the Final Rose special know the relationship isn't without its bumps. But that's why we love Viall — as with everything in the real world, he isn't perfect. His journey wasn't a fairy tale, and that just makes him more relatable.
Biggest Costar Feuds and Fights Ever!
2. He was the first Bachelor to get real about sex
Despite the fact that more than 15 years and a whopping 21 seasons of The Bachelor have come and gone, the show's attitude toward getting it on has been pretty consistently outdated. In fact, many contestants on past seasons waited until around the time that the Fantasy Suite cards were handed out before they started talking about doing the deed. Viall — with some not-so-subtle help from Olympios, obviously — wasn't about that.
Not only was Viall unafraid to admit that he was attracted to Olympios' confidence and sexuality, many of the women talked throughout his season about the importance of sex in a relationship. (And let's not forget how open Kaitlyn Bristowe was about sleeping with Viall during an early episode from her Bachelorette season 11 stint, which also helped evolve the franchise's attitude toward bedroom behavior.)
Corinne and Nick Rick Rowell/ABC
3. He knew how to pull off a turtleneck
We don't really need to say anything beyond the above subheadline to explain why we approve of his sartorial choices, but we will anyway. While many can appreciate the subtle beauty of a gorgeous man in a turtleneck (and make no mistake, Viall is one good-looking guy), only a select few can pull it off. And if there's one thing this past season of The Bachelor has proven beyond a reasonable doubt, it's that Viall is one of those select few.
His decision to don an oversized gray turtleneck — during an intimate date with runner-up Raven Gates — not only sent Twitter into a meme meltdown, it also solidified the reality TV mainstay's spot in the turtleneck hall of fame (alongside Zayn Malik, Drake and David Beckham, of course).
10 Times 'The Bachelor' Made Our Heads Explode!
So there you have it, ladies and gentleman — Nick Viall was the best Bachelor yet. Case closed.
Tell Us: Who is your all-time favorite Bachelor?
The Bachelorette returns to ABC Monday, May 22, at 9 p.m. ET.