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Wales MI6
MI6 warned it is not above the law
Gareth Williams case: new investigation
Spy inquest due to end
Megan Boot
Gareth Williams case 'will remain under review'
Mystery continues to surround the death of an MI6 spy from Wales, whose body was found in a padlocked sports bag.
It follows a three-year investigation by the Metropolitan Police into the death of Gareth Williams, from Anglesey, which concluded that his death was probably an accident.
But Mr Williams' family say they are standing by the findings of an inquest last year - that he had been unlawfully killed.
MI6 man's death 'a mystery'
Gareth Williams
'Gaps in understanding' over MI6 spy's death
Deputy Assistant Commissioner Martin Hewitt, of the Metropolitan Police, says there remains "gaps in understanding" regarding the death of MI6 worker Gareth Williams.
But he has concluded, following two years of investigation, that it is "most probable" that the codebreaker was alone at the time of his death.
Gareth Williams' family: Mystery 'adds to our grief'
Deputy Assistant Commissioner Martin Hewitt from Specialist Crime and Operations, which oversaw the investigation, said 'many questions remain unanswered' over Gareth Williams' death.
Speaking today, he said: "Despite all of the considerable effort, it is still the case that there is insufficient evidence to be definitive in the circumstances that led to Gareth's death."
The police believe it is theoretically possible for someone to have locked themselves into the holdall - and believe Gareth died after doing so.
Unlike the inquest, where the coroner suggested there could have been third party involvement, today the police say they can't see any evidence to suggest that someone was in Gareth's flat at the time of his death.
In addition, they say that having spoken to 27 Secret Intelligence Services and GCHQ staff, plus looking at Gareth's personnel file, there is no evidence that his death was related to his work.
Gareth's family have asked not to be contacted by media - or their legal representatives.
But in a statement they say they are "naturally disappointed that it is still not possible to state with certainty how Gareth died and the fact that the circumstances of his death are still unknown adds to our grief."
Gareth Williams' family disagree with police conclusion
lucy manning
@lucymanning
Spy's family disagree with new police conclusion. They back coroner's view prob unlawfully killed. Again criticise MI6 failures after death
Police: MI6 spy death remains a mystery
Reconsidering all the original evidence and following new lines of inquiry, police say there is still insufficient evidence to be definitive on the circumstances of Gareth Williams' death.
They say it is theoretically possible for a person to lock themselves in a bag with the sort of lock used.
They outlined:
There is no evidence to support the theory there was a forensic clean of fingerprints
There is no evidence of a third person in the flat
No evidence of forced entry
MI6 spy Gareth Williams was found dead in the bath at his home in London in 2010. Credit: Metropolitan Police/PA Wire/Press Association Images
Police say they have had full support from security services and there is nothing to support the theory that Mr Williams' death was related to his work.
His interest in womens' clothes fuelled much speculation, they say, but the clothing had no bearing on the circumstances of his death.
Officers say Mr Williams was a very private person, who was close to his family and had few close friends. He was concientious and was a decent man with hobbies.
Police explained no evidence has been identified that could establish the full circumstances of Mr Williams' death beyond reasonable doubt.
They say, on balance, their probable conclusion is that no person was present when he died and there is insuffient new evidence to re-open an inquest.
There are no more active lines of inquiry but police say the case will remain under review.
Britain's top police officer has warned MI6 that it is not above the law as they continue to investigate the death of Gareth Williams.
New inquiry launched after inquest into the death of MI6 spy
Deputy Assistant Commissioner Martin Hewitt promises a new inquiry after the inquest verdict into the death of MI6 Spy Gareth Williams.
The coroner in the inquest into the death of Welsh MI6 officer Gareth Williams today delivered a narrative verdict.
Dr Fiona Wilcox had said open and narrative verdicts were the only options available to her upon hearing legal submissions.
But she said an open verdict "would not do justice to the positive findings I can make."
She had already ruled out a verdict of unlawful killing.
MI6 spy death investigation
Family of Gareth Williams "extremely disappointed" with M16
The family of MI6 spy Gareth Williams have hit out at the failures of MI6 to raise the alarm after the spy went missing, saying their "grief is exacerbated" by it.
In a statement read out by their solicitor after the inquest into his death concluded, they said they were "extremely disappointed" at the secret services' "reluctance and failure" to make relevant information available to the death inquiry.
They also attacked the "total inadequacies" of the inquiry by Metropolitan Police counter-terror branch SO15 into MI6 and called on Scotland Yard's chief to look into how the investigation would proceed in light of this.
Lawyer Robyn Williams read a statement on behalf of Gareth Williams' family
Gareth Williams inquest : Narrative verdict
Colin Sutton is a former detective and was one of the first on the scene when the body of Welsh MI6 spy Gareth Williams was discovered.
Family of Gareth Williams hit out MI6 "failures"
The family of Gareth Williams have hit out at the failures of MI6 to raise the alarm after the spy went missing.
In a statement they said they were "extremely disappointed" at the secret services' "reluctance and failure" to make relevant information available to the inquiry.
Reading the statement, lawyer Robyn Williams said:
To lose a son and a brother at any time is a tragedy.
To lose a son and brother in such circumstances as have been outlined during the course of this inquest only compounds the tragedy.
Our grief is exacerbated by the failure of his employers at MI6 to take even the most basic inquiries as to his whereabouts and welfare, which any reasonable employer would have taken.
– Family statement
"We are also extremely disappointed at the reluctance and failure of MI6 to make available relevant information.
"We would like to ask Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe to look into and review how this investigation will proceed in light of the total inadequacies of the SO15 investigation into MI6 during the course of this inquiry."
The family described the brilliant code-breaker as a "special and adored son and brother" who they missed "every single day".
They said: "(We) cannot describe the depth of the sorrow his absence leaves in our lives.
"We love you, Gareth, and will treasure your memory eternally.
"To live on in the hearts of those we love and leave behind is not to die."
'Poisoning or asphyxiation may have killed MI6 man'
Inquest into death of Gareth Williams enters second week
Could MI6 agent have locked himself in bag?
'Not impossible' that MI6 spy died alone, inquest hears
MI6 witness: 'We are profoundly sorry'


Solid organ transplant recipients can acquire Strongyloides stercoralis from an infected donor. The diagnosis of S. stercoralis in immunocompromised individuals may be challenging due to a lower sensitivity of available parasitological and serological methods, compared with immunocompetent individuals. Recently, a real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in stool has been developed for S. stercoralis diagnosis. We report two cases of S. stercoralis infection transmitted by a donor to two solid organ transplant recipients, who were diagnosed with RT-PCR in stool. This test could play an important role in S. stercoralis diagnosis in immunosuppressed patients, facilitating rapid treatment initiation and reducing the risk of severe strongyloidiasis. Adherence to current recommendations of screening among donors and recipients from endemic areas is also urgently needed.


Preston North End F.C. Transfer activity similar to all English Premier League transfer deals and netspend is an intersting subject. Football Fans like to see investment and want to know netspend on players for their club since the English Premier League started in 1992.
Here on the Transferleague.co.uk you can see all of Preston North End Football Club's transfer deals since the start of the Premier League. Every transfer fee which Preston North End F.C. have paid in the January Transfer window and the Summer Transfer window are listed. If there is no fee available for a player the fee is recorded as undisclosed. The netspend for each season is in the right hand column. For a more detailed look at Preston North End F.C.'s netspend look at the transferleague tables tab on the main menu.
Preston North End F,C was formed in 1878. The club turned professional in 1883 and were a founder member of the Football League in 1888 winning the first two league championships in 1889 and 1890. They also won the 1889 FA Cup becoming the first club to achieve "The Double" in English football. In addition, the team was unbeaten in all first-class matches played that season and are famously remembered as "The Old Invincibles". Preston have had an undistinguished existence since 1890 winning only one more major trophy, the 1937–38 FA Cup.
In 1961 Preston were relegated to the Second Division and have not yet returned to top flight English football since. However they had a memorable season in 1963–64 when they reached the 1964 FA Cup Final and finished third in the Second Division. They were first relegated to the Third Division after the 1969–70 season. Although they won promotion again immediately, the team have spent 28 of the 49 seasons since 1970 in the bottom two divisions, including nineteen seasons from 1981–82 to 1999–2000.
The faced a very real threat of closure in the 80s, the lowest point being the 1985–86 season when they finished 23rd in the Fourth Division and had to seek re-election to the league. They recovered and won promotion back to the Third Division only a year later but it was a false dawn as the team spent another three years in the bottom division from 1993 to 1996.
The club finally began to recover and move forward after a takeover by BAXI in 1994 but their ownership ended in June 2002. The team was established at second tier level through the 2000s but more problems arose at the end of the decade with an Inland Revenue winding-up order in 2010 and relegation to the third tier in 2011. The taxation issue was resolved by a local businessman who bought a controlling interest in June 2010. The team were promoted again in 2015 and have been well-placed in the EFL Championship since then.


Apart from the Submariner collection, Rolex is also available with Rolex Sea-Dweller watches to cater to the diving needs.
Though the Swiss Rolex copy watches sales best are simple with steel material, the replica watches for men are presented with black and D-blue dials, well reflecting the deep and mysterious feature of the ocean. Delicately equipped with bezels, the professional replications can maintain the excellent diving functions, so they are both accurate and safe.
Extremely exquisite, the outstanding reproduction watches are perfect examples to show the top design, appropriate to be worn in face of different condition.
Why Can UK Rolex Replica Watches Provide Five Years' Warranty?
Today we do not introduce you information of watches. We talk about the problem of warranty. Usually buying a watch, in addition to the brand and price, there is another important point, that is, the warranty period of great fake watch.
Generally speaking, the warranty is aimed at the movement. Because the core should be maintained throughout the year. There will be a certain degree of attrition that can not be avoided.
As usual, brand will provide two years' warranty. While there is one brand who has full confidence of its own movement-Rolex copy watches with self-winding movements. Rolex provides customers five years. In some ways, it directly shows its high strength.
For watchmakers: It means strong confidence on its quality. Also it invests more in maintenance costs. Every watch that needs to be repaired will undergo 9 maintenance procedures to return to customers for example Rolex Sea-Dweller Deepsea replica watches with steel cases.
For customers: Most obviously, consumers are more relieved when buying. Because brand who has courage to provide this service must be in high quality.


Deep Red Votive Candle for Protection & Potency... this Sweet Smokey Resin to Powers Up your Magic Including Dragon's Blood candle, resin, oil or incense to any spell or working increases the potency of spells for protection, love, banishing and sexuality and helps define boundaries of a space or working.
This candle is great for meditation, charging up your spells, protecting you during psychic work, and making your place smell just great! Frankincense, Myrrh and Mugwort strengthen the spirit and enlighten the soul to energize and empower any ritual or witch's spell craft.
A Penetrating Blend for Spiritual Protection. Juniper, Rose & Vetivert penetrate the senses to create a ward of protection for you and yours. Check it out!
Sweet Smokey Resin to Power Up your Magic. Dragon's Blood, a resin from China, the East Indies and South America comes from some of the earth's oldest trees. This resin helps one define and empower spells. Check it out!
A Black Veiled Candle Made with Rare Resins, Herbs and Dragons Blood. Frankincense, Myrrh and Mugwort strengthen the spirit and enlighten the soul to energize and empower any witch's spell craft.


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Police are looking for thieves who stole a plaque honoring Superman's co-creators Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster from a post on St. Clair Avenue in Cleveland, Ohio.
Tracey Kirksey, executive director of the Glenville Development Corporation, told police the memorial plaque was stolen two weeks ago. Thieves, perhaps believing the aluminum plaque was bronze because of its coloring, used a hacksaw to cut the large plaque off the pole.
The city put up the plaque in 2003, the 65th anniversary of the release of "Action Comics" No. 1, the first appearance of Superman. The plaque tells how the two poor Jewish Glenville High School students beat the odds to create perhaps the most recognizable fictional character in the world.
The plaque will be replaced, which will give the city the chance to correct a spelling error that appeared on the original plaque.
Source: Cleveland.com.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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We can help you before, during and after launch to ensure your product reaches the right people.
We specialise in app development for iOS, watchOS and macOS (Swift, Objective-C), full-stack web development (Python), cloud infrastructure and deployments, and scaleable, highly available web applications.
For all product support related enquiries, please visit the respective support centres for Momento, Typify and Stache.
Based in Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom.


Immigration Attorney Brad Bernstein and CEO David "Squeeze" Annakie of WVIP 93.5 stream live from the Law Offices of Spar & Bernstein in New York City to cover immigration news and answer legal questions on immigration such as: If you are a conditional green card holder who wants to remove the conditions of their green card, how should you and you spouse file taxes? Brad and Squeeze talk with film director Ekwa Masangi about her latest film. Farewell Meu Amor tells the story of an immigrant who has to leave his wife and child behind in their home country to make a new life in the United States and what happens when they are finally reunited after receiving visas to join him in the US. Other immigration questions covered in this episode are: Can you file a green card petition if you receive government support? Do you have to do a medical exam to get a 10 year green card? Does Spar and Bernstein write visa invitation letters for clients? How do you get a green card? What are the requirements for a child who was born outside of the US to become an automatic citizen of the United States?


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Zamloot produces career game to steer unbeaten Caldwell past Irvington for 13th win
SC AgriWellness aims to connect farmers to mental health resources to help them manage the pressures of farming.
ORANGEBURG COUNTY, S.C. — Every year, farmers are faced with the pressure of having a successful yield. For many, this year has heightened these pressures. Fortunately, a program in South Carolina aims to connect farmers with mental health resources to help them manage the stress.
Landrum Weathers is the owner of Buck Branch Farms in Bowman where he grows corn, cotton, peanuts, and soy beans.
"That's the best thing about farming, no day's the same," said Weathers.
However, he says it came with its challenges.
"The challenges this year, have just been in availability. Supply chain issues, logistics, all that sort of thing, pretty much the same story you've seen everywhere, but our stakes have certainly gotten higher," he said.
For some farmers, the pressure has become too much to handle, weighing down on their mental health. Dr. Adam Kantrovich of the Clemson Extension says he has seen this happen firsthand.
RELATED: Disadvantaged farmers, ranchers and veterans get hands-on farming training
"Prior to arriving here at Clemson University, when I was still working with another institution up north, there were a series of suicides that took place within our farming communities and we had some individuals around the state that came to us asking what can we do about it," said Extension Specialist in Agribusiness Dr. Kantrovich.
Kantrovich says due to resource availability, many farmers have been unable to access mental health professionals. In addition, he says discussions around mental health in the agriculture community for a long time have been considered taboo.
In South Carolina, an AgriWellness program makes it possible for farmers to receive help over the phone.
"There are crisis counselors that will answer the phone. We'll run through a series of questions to make sure there is no immediate danger or issues," said Kantrovich.
RELATED: South Carolina cattle farmers form cooperative to increase meat processing capacity
The program was launched three years ago in partnership with the South Carolina Farm Bureau Federation, area farmers, and the First Sun EAP. As part of the program, South Carolina Farmers can receive three free counseling sessions.
"If you need to talk to somebody, reach out to somebody, it could be a friend, it could be a family member, it could be the entity I spoke about earlier, they'd be glad to talk to you," said Weathers.
The number to call to receive help is 1-800-968-8143. SC farmers and their families should reference "SC AgriWellness" when they call.
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Archives: NPR
Indian Child Welfare Act and Adoption Tragedy
http://kfor.com/2013/09/04/breaking-fallin-signs-extradition-order-sending-baby-veronicas-biological-father-to-s-c/
NPR recently reported on The Indian Child Welfare Act, a piece of legislation that has landed at the center of a contentious U.S. Supreme Court case. The NPR story is entitled, "Adoption Case Brings Rare Family Law Dispute to High Court."
The Indian Child Welfare Act, was passed in 1978 by Congress to prevent the improper removal of Native American children from their families. Ironically, in this case, a little girl was forcefully removed from her loving parents because of the Act.
Dusten Brown, the biological father of the child, and two percent Cherokee, expressly told his then-pregnant ex-fiance, Christy Maldonado, that he was giving up his custodial rights and would not be providing financial support for the child. Deciding that she could not support the child herself, Ms. Maldonado decided to put the child up for adoption.
Ms. Maldonado notified the Cherokee Nation of her plans, "giving them a chance to intervene under the Indian Child Welfare Act," but the tribe did not object to the adoption because they did not find any record of Mr. Brown as a tribal member. She then found a couple, the Capobiancos, in South Carolina, who agreed to an open adoption. The couple helped support Ms. Maldonado and were present during the child's birth.
Four months after the child's birth, when the adoption was almost final, Mr. Brown was notified of the adoption. He initially signed off, but filed a formal objection a few days later, invoking the Indian Child Welfare Act. He had wanted Ms. Maldonado to keep the child so he could "come visit and stuff."
The South Carolina courts held that the federal Indian Child Welfare Act preempted state law and ordered the Capobiancos to give up custody of their two-year-old daughter to Mr. Brown. The Capobiancos appealed to the Supreme Court of the United States, asking the Court to represent the best interests of the child.
A child forms an attachment to the people who have loved and raised her since birth, and this is her first social relationship. The security of this very basic relationship was destroyed when this little girl's biological father invoked the Indian Child Welfare Act to "recover" his daughter, when he had been the one to reject custody of her in the first place.
Mr. Brown had nine months to consider his custody rights before his daughter was born, before his indecisiveness and irresponsibility could substantially affect the welfare of the child, but he did not. He decided that he did want custody, after all, and disregarding the anxiety and trauma that his daughter may feel, he tore a toddler away from the loving parents who had been raising her since birth.
Instead of protecting her happiness and best interests, Mr. Brown seems to be serving his own interests by exploiting existing federal law. There are many facets to this difficult case that must be considered. But above all, the welfare and best interests of the individual child should be the Court's priority when deciding the fate of this little girl.
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Esther Kim
Capabiancos, Christy Maldonado, Dusten Brown, Indian Child Welfare Act, NPR
Friday's Children and the Law News Roundup
Parents With Disabilities And Family Law, NPR
A report from the National Council on Disability finds that parents with physical or mental disabilities have a greater risk of losing custody of their children. The study says that the U.S. legal system needs to provide more support for these parents. (Click above for audio of story)
Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Prepares for Transformation, JJIE
Georgia's DJJ boss tells state lawmakers that his department must be transformed to handle the burdens a class of inmates that's older and more violent, and high employee turnover and low morale, just as the governor pushes a large package of reforms.
For the sake of the safety of inmates, staff and the public, "we must change the culture of the juvenile justice system," said Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice Commissioner Avery Niles, at state budget hearings on Jan. 23. His fix involves a "realistic approach" and embracing options that include both sanctions and rehabilitation.
Alex Hunt
Abuse & Neglect, Juvenile Law, News, Special Education
Georgia Department of Juvenile Justice, Georgia DJJ, National Council on Disability, NPR


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← Wherein we solve the Del Monte parking problem
Takeaways from the forums →
You can't say that again
Posted on October 5, 2014 by Robert Sullwold
The Merry-Go-Round was chagrined that the moderators at the two recent candidate forums didn't choose to use either of our two lists of "Questions the candidates won't want to answer."
But we're not surprised. And we think it even less likely that the League of Women Voters will ask our questions at their candidate forum this Thursday.
So we've decided to take a different tack and focus not on the questions, but on the answers.
Having heard the candidates speak at two forums, and having read their responses to The Alamedan questionnaires, we have a pretty good idea of their standard stump speeches. But there are certain things we really wish they wouldn't say.
We'll get to specific statements by each candidate that we'd rather not hear again shortly. But our first request is directed to all of them:
We'd really wish the IAFF Local 689 slate candidates – Mayor Marie Gilmore, Councilman Stewart Chen, D.C., and Bonta aide-de-camp Jim Oddie – would stop trying to play down the support they've received (and expect to receive) from the firefighters' union. At the same time we'd really wish the candidates not on the slate – Mayoral candidate Trish Spencer and Council candidate Frank Matarrese – would stop bragging about how they'd pledged not to take union money.
At the forum sponsored by the Alameda Citizens Task Force, and the one put on by the Alameda Sun and The Alamedan, the candidates were asked about the role of the firefighters' union in their campaigns. All we got, from both sides, was sanctimony – and denials.
The IAFF Local 689 team
"I've gotten no contributions from the firefighters union," Mr. Oddie told the A.C.T. audience.
"I've gotten no firefighters' union money yet," Dr. Chen told the same group, then added, "although I'm hoping for it."
We have no doubt that Dr. Chen and Mr. Oddie were speaking truthfully as of the time of the two candidate forums. The campaign disclosure statements filed for the period ended June 30, 2014 list no monetary contributions from the IAFF Local 689 PAC to either of them. The next round of campaign disclosure statements covering the period ended September 30 is due next Monday, and we fully expect not to see any firefighters' union money going to Dr. Chen or Mr. Oddie before the two forums occurred. (But we will be interested to see if the PAC slipped either candidate a few bucks in the two weeks since then).
But cash contributions aren't the whole story.
In fact, the firefighters' union already has provided valuable support for the Chen and Oddie campaigns – and, if its conduct in the last two elections is any clue, it always saves the best for last.
The firefighters' union joined with the teachers' union to play host to a "Luau and BBQ" fundraiser for Dr. Chen on July 10. Tickets were $50 per person, but attendees were invited to become a "Mahalo" sponsor for $2,000; an "Ohana" sponsor for $1,000; a "Hula" sponsor for $600, an "Aloha" sponsor for $300, and a "Honu" sponsor for $100.
The same two unions played host to a "Take Me Out to the Ballgame" fundraiser for Mr. Oddie on August 27. This time, the theme was baseball. Tickets were still $50, but $2,000 made you a "grand slam" sponsor, $1,000 a "home run" sponsor, $600 an "outfield" sponsor, $300 an "infield" sponsor, and $100 a (lowly) "bunt" sponsor.
Neither Dr. Chen nor Mr. Oddie has disclosed the total amount raised at their respective union-hosted fundraisers. Not that, as far as we know, state law required them to report the overall take. Yet, if only 100 people attended the fundraisers, Dr. Chen and Mr. Oddie grossed $5,000 from ticket sales alone at those events – a pretty sweet return for a few hours of glad-handing.
And that doesn't count the money raised from the premium contributors. Now, it may be that no one who attended the galas sought the honor of being designated a "sponsor" in exchange for writing a check for $2,000 (or even $100). And maybe some who did would have forked over that kind of cash anyway. But it surely couldn't have hurt the fundraising effort to bring a bunch of potential big-dollar donors together in one place at one time – especially when food and drink are being served. For that, the candidates can thank the firefighters' and teachers' unions.
More thanks undoubtedly will be due later on. If the past is prologue, we can expect to see significant spending by the IAFF Local 689 PAC on behalf of its slate after the deadline (October 23) for the second pre-election campaign disclosure statement has passed:
In 2010, Election Day was November 2. On October 28, the IAFF Local 689 PAC gave Mayor Gilmore's campaign $3,300, the fourth largest monetary contribution that Ms. Gilmore received (the second and third largest – $5,000 apiece – also came from the firefighters' union; Chris Seiwald, whose investment group later developed a retail complex on the site of the old Goode Chevrolet, was the Mayor's top donor with $10,000).
In 2012, Election Day was November 6. On October 26, the IAFF Local 689 PAC spent $10,000 on "mail drop pieces" supporting Dr. Chen. The firefighters' union reported this as an "independent expenditure" (which it can do only if the spending was not coordinated with or made "at the behest of" the Chen campaign). Had it been characterized as a "non-monetary contribution," it would have been the largest contribution Dr. Chen received in the entire campaign.
We know of no evidence that the firefighters' union has promised Dr. Chen or Mr. Oddie that it intends to do any last-minute spending on their behalf in this election. But we wouldn't blame them if they expect it. And we won't be surprised if it happens.
Nor will we be surprised if the firefighters' union also puts its vaunted "books on the ground" to work for the benefit of Dr. Chen and Mr. Oddie. Running phone banks and dispatching precinct walkers reportedly are tools employed by the union in the past. Curiously, this kind of support doesn't make it onto campaign disclosure statements.
And then there's Mayor Gilmore.
The Mayor did not attend the A.C.T. forum. (She explained to us in an email that, "After almost a week of trying to rearrange my schedule, I realized it just wasn't possible – too many moving parts."). The next night, at the Sun/Alamedan forum, the Mayor did not echo Dr. Chen's and Mr. Oddie's denials of having received any monetary contributions from the IAFF Local 689 PAC. (Maybe City Attorney Janet Kern had advised her that she'd be disqualified from voting on any issue affecting the firefighters if she commented publicly. More likely, the PAC hadn't turned on the cash spigot for her yet, either).
Nevertheless, Ms. Gilmore appears to have benefited already in the same way as her IAFF Local 689 slate-mates. Like Dr. Chen and Mr. Oddie, she's been the guest of honor at union-sponsored fundraisers. And not just one of them.
The firefighters' union co-sponsored (with seven other unions) a "Re-Elect Marie Gilmore for Mayor 2014 Lobster Feed and Clambake" fundraiser on November 8, 2013. (Nothing like an early start, we guess). Tickets went for $75 apiece, and, according to the IAFF Local 689 Facebook page, the event was sold out – all 220 tickets. Gross revenue from ticket sales thus amounted to $16,500 – and the PAC itself shelled out $1,600.25 for food and drink.
Then, this June 10, the firefighters' union co-sponsored a "Taco Tuesday!" – it seems Mr. Oddie gets the sports-themed events, and Dr. Chen and Ms. Gilmore the food-themed events – fundraiser for the Mayor. This time, tickets cost only $50. But that's another likely five grand in the till.
Additional support undoubtedly is in the offing. The first time Ms. Gilmore ran for Mayor, the IAFF Local 689 PAC contributed $14,300 in cash to her campaign and paid $7,041.44 for a mailer supporting her. She also benefited from a hit piece against one of her opponents for which the PAC paid $9,385.83. We know of no reason the firefighters' union will be less generous this time. And the union probably will make the phone banks and precinct walkers available to her, too.
So it's a little disingenuous for Dr. Chen, Mr. Oddie, and Ms. Gilmore to try to minimize the extent of the support provided by the firefighters' union to their campaigns. But we have a bone to pick with Ms. Spencer and Mr. Matarrese as well.
At both forums, the two non-incumbent candidates made it a point to announce that they refused to accept campaign contributions from entities who "have contracts with" the City – which, of course, includes the firefighters' union as well as potential developers for the northern waterfront or Alameda Point.
This would have been a noble gesture – if either Ms. Spencer or Mr. Matarrese ever actually had a reasonable chance of getting a campaign contribution from any public employee union or residential developer. In fact, the odds of that happening are lower than those of Mayor Gilmore inviting the proprietor of the Merry-Go-Round to a friendly game of tennis with her and Ron Cowan at the Harbor Bay Club.
True, both Ms. Spencer and Mr. Matarrese have enjoyed support by organized labor in the past. But this time IAFF Local 689 came out with its endorsements for Ms. Gilmore, Dr. Chen, and Mr. Oddie before Ms. Spencer or Mr. Matarrese even pulled papers to run for office. It was highly unlikely any other public employee union would risk the wrath of the firefighters by backing a competing candidate.
Likewise, Ms. Spencer and Mr. Matarrese haven't exactly endeared themselves to residential developers. Both opposed the scheme to allow Tim Lewis Communities to build 48 new houses on the Crab Cove parcel. Both have criticized the proposals for new housing at the Del Monte warehouse and Alameda Point. The only residential developer likely to give money to one or both of these candidates is one who insists on covering its bets.
The "I'll take no money from unions or developers" pledge may resonate in some circles. But to us it sounds like empty rhetoric.
Now let's turn to the specific statements that we wish each candidate wouldn't repeat. Start with the mayoral candidates.
We really wish Mayor Gilmore would stop belittling the seriousness of the traffic and budgetary issues facing the City.
As we have previously pointed out, Ms. Gilmore's leadership style (such as it is) is to begin by claiming that the asserted problem doesn't in fact exist. She has carried this unfortunate practice with her onto the campaign trail.
Take traffic. At the Sun/Alamedan forum, the Mayor responded to a question about development by proclaiming that "the City has done studies" and found that "the average daily trips" through the Posey/Webster tubes "actually have decreased over the last 20 years." The implication was that, since the traffic situation was improving on its own, there was no need for the City to do anything about it.
It took a careful listener to realize that the Mayor was comparing present conditions – when about 1,000 people work at Alameda Point and the occupied housing consists primarily of the 200 units overseen by the Alameda Point Collaborative – to the conditions existing while the Naval Air Station was operating – when about 18,000 people worked at the base and the Navy provided on-site housing. It would be shocking if traffic through the tubes had not declined after the base closed.
Moreover, if the Mayor wants to talk about studies, we commend to her the analysis prepared by Dowling & Associates for the Department of Public Works in February 2012. The consultants found that traffic in the tubes during peak hours had exceeded full capacity by 2007. It is simply undeniable – no matter how badly Ms. Gilmore wishes to ignore it – that additional traffic resulting from new developments poses a risk of clogging the tubes (and bridges) even further.
So, too, with the budget. Confronted with the projections by former City Finance Director Fred Marsh that the General Fund will run an operating deficit – i.e., expenses will exceed revenues – in each of the next four years, thereby exhausting the entire General Fund balance, Ms. Gilmore has treated with derision the suggestion that this, too, is a problem requiring attention. After all, she says, "we were told" back in 2010 that the City was going bankrupt, and look at us now – we've got $21 million in reserves!
At the Sun/Alamedan forum, the Mayor went on, as she usually does, to claim that the current Council deserves credit for this salutary result because she and her colleagues have established a "cooperative relationship" with the public safety unions. Balderdash. In fact, the increase in the General Fund balance during Ms. Gilmore's tenure had nothing to do with any mutual back-scratching between the politicians and the unions, and little if anything to do with City staff's managerial skills. Instead, as we previously have pointed out, the vast majority of that increase resulted from funds transfers and other accounting maneuvers.
But even if the Mayor is right about the past, her "success" furnishes no reason for optimism about the future. When Mr. Marsh presented his updated projections, he already had taken into account the impact of the "cost-sharing" features in the public safety union contracts about which the Mayor repeatedly boasts. At the same time, he admitted that he could not quantify fully the damage to the bottom line expected to be done by future employer contribution rate hikes by CalPERS.
Staying friendly with the unions may get incumbents re-elected, but it won't bridge the gap between revenues and expenses. Instead, just the opposite: reductions in the 74% of the General Fund budget devoted to public safety – which the unions won't like one bit – will be required. If the Mayor believes otherwise, she's just whistling past the graveyard.
Enough about the Mayor. Ms. Gilmore's opponent has her own shtick. And we're not impressed with it, either.
We really wish that Ms. Spencer would stop decrying the pace of residential development without telling us what she intends to do about it.
At both forums, Ms. Spencer repeatedly voiced her displeasure with the extent of residential development taking place on the northern waterfront and at Alameda Point. And she raised legitimate concerns: By our count, 2,285 new housing units have been proposed or approved by the Planning Board in these areas. Inevitably, development on this scale poses risks of creating gridlock at the tubes and bridges and congestion in the adjacent neighborhoods.
Likewise, Ms. Spencer's criticism of the City's reliance on "transportation demand management" to "mitigate" this impact is well-taken: TDM's track record in places like Berkeley, Palo Alto, and Boulder doesn't guarantee it will work in an island city like Alameda with limited ingress and egress. And if the new residents are expected to take public transit rather than drive, we'd feel more reassured if the City had obtained commitments from the relevant agencies (AC Transit and WETA) to provide the additional buses and ferries needed to increase their level of service. Merely "having a conversation" with those agencies – as City Planner Andrew Thomas is wont to say – won't cut it.
As our regular readers know, the Merry-Go-Round has made these points before. But it's one thing for us to mock the proposals offered by the planners and politicians. That's our mission. (Afflict the comfortable, remember?) But Ms. Spencer isn't writing a column; she's running for office. As such, she should be prepared not just to disparage the status quo but to suggest an alternative. We cannot help but agree with the aphorism offered by Mayor Gilmore at the Sun/Alamedan forum: "A goal without a plan is simply a wish. And you cannot govern a city based on wishes."
So, Ms. Spencer, the next time you say something like, "We have housing development that is occurring way ahead of, much faster than, any solutions to address the transportation issue," please also tell us what "solutions" you propose. Pull the plug on the Del Monte warehouse project and/or the Waterfront Town Center? Set up a City-run (and developer-funded) transit service (like Mr. Oddie appears to favor)? Do something like that and your detractors will have a hard time pillorying you as a candidate who can only say, No.
Now on to the Council candidates.
We really wish Dr. Chen would be more careful when he cites "facts" to support his positions.
Especially when speaking extemporaneously, Ronald Reagan was famous for embellishing his opinions by pulling "facts" out of the air that turned out not to be true. Dr. Chen has displayed the same habit on the campaign trail. (And, no, we're not accusing him of being a Republican).
Development is one example. In defending the projects going up along the northern waterfront, Dr. Chen declared at the Sun/Alamedan forum, "You understand the City budget. Part of balancing the budget is to increase developer fees."
Not so. The City does indeed charge a "Development Impact Fee" for new projects, and Council recently raised the amount. But, contrary to the Councilman's claim, these fees are not an additional source of revenue for the General Fund. In fact, as one of the slides in the staff presentation to Council made clear (at a meeting attended by Dr. Chen), DIFs are "used to fund facilities needed by new development" (underlining and italics in original)," not "for operations and maintenance costs." To put it concretely: DIFs are used to build a new fire station, not to hire additional firefighters.
Dr. Chen is equally unclear on the facts about open space. Trying to endear himself to park supporters at the Sun/Alamedan forum, he informed the audience that "out of 1,000 acres, almost 500 acres" at Alameda Point "is reserved for open space."
Not so. In fact, according to Alameda Point Chief Operating Officer Jennifer Ott, of the 878 acres at the Point transferred (or scheduled for transfer) by the Navy to the City, 271 have been zoned as "open space." The rest of the land at the Point is owned by the Veterans Administration, and the City has no control over its use. Council may have passed a resolution – introduced by Councilman Chen – expressing "support" for "creation of a wildlife conservation area" on the V.A. property, but that area is not included in the acreage designated as "open space" available for use by the public.
We have no problem with Dr. Chen saying he thinks development is good and open space is good. But if he ventures beyond generalities, he ought to get his facts straight.
Next, Mr. Oddie. We really wish that, when Mr. Oddie declares his allegiance to "working families," he meant Alameda's middle class, not its public safety union employees.
We first heard Mr. Oddie speak publicly when he appeared before Council to endorse the public safety union contracts in December 2012. Before getting to his endorsement, Mr. Oddie delivered his "analysis" of the recent election: the candidates who supported "working families" won; those who didn't, lost. Perhaps because this statement was so outrageous, it took us a moment to realize that, to Mr. Oddie, "working families" was synonymous with "public employee union members."
He has repeated this rhetoric about "working families" on the campaign trail. Indeed, he's even added a riff. "These are the teachers who teach our children," he begins, and then gives a nod to firefighters, police officers, and other City workers who wear the union label.
Although we, like Mr. Oddie, grew up in a union household, the picture of a firefighter who makes more than $150,000 a year in wages and benefits – and in 2012, there were 86 of them – and lives in Pleasant Hill somehow doesn't fit our image of an Alameda "working family." Instead, we tend to apply that term to the Alameda residents who earn the median household income – $77,249 a year, according to the American Community Survey – and who are struggling to find "affordable" housing. (According to the recently adopted Housing Element, a four-person household earning $112,200 – well above the median – can afford to pay no more than $381,862 for a single-family home and no more than $2,655 in monthly rent).
As an alternative – or even an addition – to his paeans to the public employee unions, we'd like to hear Mr. Oddie's plans to help people who fall into this category. What, for example, would he do to bring employers to the island who would provide decent-paying jobs – even non-union jobs – for middle-income Alamedans? Or what, if anything, would he do to address the rent increases experienced by a goodly number of the 50 per cent of Alamedans who are renters? (And waiting for Jeff Cambra to "facilitate" a "community process" isn't an answer).
You've already got the public safety unions locked up, Mr. Oddie. Now how about paying attention to the real "working families" in town?
Finally, Mr. Matarrese. We really wish Mr. Matarrese would tell us how his proposals for job-focused development at Alameda Point are economically feasible.
Like Ms. Spencer, Mr. Matarrese has raised concerns about the extent of residential development at Alameda Point. But he has gone significantly further. He told the A.C.T. forum that there should be no new housing at the Point. And not only has he urged turning the focus to jobs, he has offered specifics. He wants commercial, not retail, businesses. And not just any commercial businesses. He'd concentrate on the maritime industry and related services. Alternative-energy companies, too.
But whenever we find ourselves impressed with Mr. Matarrese's willingness to stake out a new strategy for development at the Point, we start to hear a still, small voice: Sounds good – but how's he going to pay for the infrastructure?
According to the Master Infrastructure Plan adopted by Council, the "backbone" infrastructure at the Point – sewers, storm drains, water lines, roads, etc. – will cost $594 million. Recently, the City's consultants proposed how to allocate these costs between residential and commercial development. Starting with total costs of $479 million – they omitted demolition and a few other costs shown in the MIP – they assigned $189 million to residential and $290 million to commercial. This in turn led to an infrastructure cost per acre of $1,107,121 for residential developers and $978,965 for commercial developers.
Now suppose we go along with Mr. Matarrese and eliminate residential development from the plans for the Point. Presumably, total infrastructure costs will go down – but not on a one-for-one basis. So commercial developers will end up being responsible for higher costs than they'd bear under the current plan. And, remember, this is just backbone infrastructure. Developers also will need to build the specific on-site infrastructure required for their projects. And that won't be cheap. (Building 5, anyone?)
Are there really developers out there willing and able to pay these kind of expenses? It can't be encouraging that only four developers submitted qualified responses to the City's request for qualifications for the commercially oriented Site B – or that one of the two finalists selected by the City dropped out "due to the uncertainty of the market for commercial uses at Alameda Point."
Now, maybe Mr. Matarrese has ideas for addressing this concern. If so, we encourage him to tell us what they are.
So there's our wish list. Don't tell anybody, but we
intend to bring our rubber duck to the LWV forum this Thursday. Maybe Kate Quick will remember "You Bet Your Life" and know what to do with it when a candidate utters one of the secret words.
IAFF Local 689 contributions: 2010-2; 2010-late; 2010-2nd semi; 2011-1st semi; 2012 – late
Alameda Point zoning: 2014-01-13 PB Exhibit 3-A (AP zoning map)
Alameda Point construction costs: XV. Construction Costs
Development impact fees: 2014-07-01 revised presentation re DIF; 2014-07-01 staff report re DIF
Five-year projections: 2014-06-03 presentation re mid-cycle update
Traffic at tubes: AlamedaTSM_TDM_Plan_FinalReport
Housing Element:2014-07-15 Ex. 1 to staff report- 2015-2023 Housing Element
Alameda demographics: Alameda household income
This entry was posted in Alameda Point, Budget, City Hall, Development, Firefighters, Housing and tagged Andrew Thomas, CalPERS, Crab Cove, Frank Matarrese, Fred Marsh, Groucho Marx, Housing Element, IAFF Local 689, Jim Oddie, Kate Quick, Marie Gilmore, Master Infrastructure Plan, Planning Board, Ron Cowan, Stewart Chen, Tim Lewis Communities, Trish Spencer. Bookmark the permalink.
2 Responses to You can't say that again
notmayberry says:
OK, I haven't finished the entire post yet, but thanks for the Luau posters. Gilmore, Chen, & Oddie are just bald-faced LIARS for not mentioning these food fund-raisers explicitly sponsored by IAFF, when asked about any firefighter support in the forums. Support is support. Don't cast anymore votes for these lying weasels, Alamedans!
I'm only voting for Matarrese…I will not cast a vote for either Chen or Oddie.
Thus by not casting a vote for these IAFF pawns I actually cast more than a single vote for Matarrese! Think about it…..


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JD McPherson 4/18/18
Undivided Heart & Soul (2017)
"I was having nightmares every night, thinking, 'Wow, they're going to hate this," says JD
McPherson.
When he talks about his new album, Undivided Heart & Soul, there's no glimmer of self-adulation, or even the confidence one might expect of a veteran artist. Instead, there's a snapshot of McPherson's creative process bringing the record to life, a journey filled with fear and change, then boldness, and, eventually, catharsis.
The best rock music has a story to tell. This record chronicles a series of upheavals, frustrations, roadblocks, and kismet—a cross-country move, failed creative relationships, a once-in-a-lifetime career opportunity, and learning to love making music again by letting go.
McPherson calls moving his family from Broken Arrow, Oklahoma, to East Nashville a decision based "on opportunity" and one he was reluctant to make but notes the profound influence the city has had on his new crop of songs.
"Up to this point, I thought I knew what I was doing with songwriting, that I don't do this or that," McPherson says. "Writing with people who co-write for a living…maybe I saw myself as John Henry, and them as the steel-driving machine."
Along with collaborations with fellow Oklahoman Parker Millsap, Butch Walker, and Aaron Lee Tasjan, McPherson's selections for Undivided Heart & Soul include many deeply personal themes: "Let's Get Out of Here While We're Young" shares writing credits with longtime bandmate Ray Jacildo and McPherson's wife Mandy. He also delved into character profiles, both fictional and based on real-life experiences, stories McPherson has held onto but never thought of as fodder for songwriting, such as the Las Vegas bus station interlude detailed in "Style (Is a Losing Game)."
"That seems like a pretty normal thing for a singer-songwriter to do, to write about personal experience, but I really have never done that," McPherson says. "It felt great but it also was tough at the same time. The thing is, John Henry is trying to beat the machine because he's in awe of it. It was a lot of me saying, 'You're really good at this, and I have a hard time doing it.'"
With a group of soul-baring tracks taking shape, McPherson and crew scheduled studio time to help force the issue. It quickly became apparent that these sessions were not going to work, bringing McPherson's momentum to a halt.
To clear his head, he flew to Los Angeles at the invitation of friend and longtime supporter Josh Homme of Queens of the Stone Age, who was also recording at the time. McPherson, Homme, and his Queens bandmate Dean Fertita played around with some songs, with Homme pushing McPherson outside of his comfort zone in a no-stakes environment.
"His thing was, 'I'm going to throw all kinds of crap onto your songs that you're not going to want to hear, and you're going to play ridiculous stuff you wouldn't normally do,' and Dean was kind of the calming presence," McPherson says.
McPherson calls the getaway "the most fun I've had since I was 15 years old" and returned to Nashville with a clear head, internal filters successfully stifled, ready to move forward.


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"Made for Life" Turns Bishops into Moral Pretzels
Conscience Vol. XXXII – No. 2 (2011) – page 38 – 39
Theologian Mary E. Hunt exposes the irony and the injustice of "Made for Life," the anti-seam-sex marriage video from the USCCB's Subcommittee for the Promotion and Defense of Marriage.
To Be or Not to Be: A Catholic Transexual Speaks
Conscience Vol. XXXI – No. 2 (2010) – page 42 – 43
"In the Catholic church, as a transsexual woman, I don't exist officially," writes Hilary Howes in her meditation on the institutional church's room for growth on sex and gender issues, particularly on those who fall under the "T" in LGBT.
The Bishops' Sexual Problems
Jon O'Brien and Sara Morello examine how bishops around the world intervene in political battles over reproductive health and rights, and the impact that has, especially on poor people.
Hierarchy, Sex and Power
We asked Catholic theologian Dan Maguire to reflect on why the hierarchy is so obsessed with sex. His answers may surprise many of you, but he did provide us with a solution: education.
Anka Grywacz reflects on her experiences as a peer sex educator in Poland.
Perpetual Thoughts of Impurity
Playwright Terrence McNally discusses the role his Catholic education played in revealing his homosexuality.
Growing Up Catholic
Conscience Vol. XXXI – No. 1 (2010) – page 26
Molly O'Gorman considers how her Catholic upbringing has been a source of guilt and frustration.
Catholic, HIV-positive and One of God's Children
Vincent Chippriott reports on his experiences of being an HIV-positive Catholic.
Roundtable: Are We Taking the Pleasure out of Sex?
Conscience Vol. XXX – No. 1 (2009) – pages 40-48
This discussion of comprehensive sexuality education features CFC's Jon O'Brien, the International Planned Parenthood Foundation's Doorjte Braeken, Sarah Brown of the National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, psychology professor and director of the Centre for Sexual Health Research Roger Ingham, and William Smith of the Sexuality Information and Education Council of the US
Roundtable: Sex Talk
Conscience Vol. XXVII – No. 3 (2006) – pages 27-30
Five daughters of leading reproductive rights activists tell us how they learned about the birds and the bees and what their unique experiences mean to them as they now impart their knowledge to others.
Catholic Pride…and Prejudice
Theologian Mary E. Hunt searches for the roots of the prejudice against LGBT individuals that is seemingly ingrained in Catholic and Christian tradition. She finds that "heterosexism, not homosexuality, is the sin that needs attention."
Talking Sex, Desiring Justice
Dr. Marvin M. Ellison, Bass Professor of Christian Ethics at Bangor Theological Seminary explores what it means to be a sexual being.
How Our Minds Have Changed
Professor Bernadette Brooten traces the Christian community's evolution of beliefs regarding homosexuality.
Culture: A Marriage Proposal
Conscience Vol. XXVI – No. 2 (2005) – pages 36-38
Mary E. Hunt calls into question the assumption that same-sex marriage is the ultimate goal for LGBT activist. Instead, she recommends looking beyond marriage and towards a truly just society in which a commodity exchange is not necessary for a secure and blessed partnership
Sexual Illiteracy
Conscience Vol. XXIV – No. 3 (2003) – pages 16-17
Theologian Rosemary Radford Ruether questions the puritanical ethics being exported by the Bush administration's HIV/AIDS programs to Africa. She makes the case for a sex-positive education for youth rather than an insistence upon abstinence , which tends to reinforce the repression of women.


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Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors
J. M. Allred, K. M. Taddei, D. E. Bugaris, M. J. Krogstad, S. H. Lapidus, D. Y. Chung, H. Claus, M. G. Kanatzidis, D. E. Brown, J. Kang, R. M. Fernandes, I. Eremin, S. Rosenkranz, O. Chmaissem, R. Osborn
Elucidating the nature of the magnetic ground state of iron-based superconductors is of paramount importance in unveiling the mechanism behind their high-temperature superconductivity. Until recently, it was thought that superconductivity emerges only from an orthorhombic antiferromagnetic stripe phase, which can in principle be described in terms of either localized or itinerant spins. However, we recently reported that tetragonal symmetry is restored inside the magnetically ordered state of certain hole-doped compounds, revealing the existence of a new magnetic phase at compositions close to the onset of superconductivity. Here, we present Mössbauer data that show that half of the iron sites in this tetragonal phase are non-magnetic, establishing conclusively the existence of a novel magnetic ground state with a non-uniform magnetization that is inconsistent with localized spins. Instead, this state is naturally explained as the interference between two commensurate spin-density waves, a rare example of collinear double-Q magnetic order. Our results demonstrate the itinerant character of the magnetism of the iron pnictides, and the primary role played by magnetic degrees of freedom in determining their phase diagram.
10.1038/nphys3629
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
arsenides Physics & Astronomy
iron Physics & Astronomy
ground state Physics & Astronomy
Group 5A compounds Physics & Astronomy
degrees of freedom Physics & Astronomy
phase diagrams Physics & Astronomy
interference Physics & Astronomy
Allred, J. M., Taddei, K. M., Bugaris, D. E., Krogstad, M. J., Lapidus, S. H., Chung, D. Y., Claus, H., Kanatzidis, M. G., Brown, D. E., Kang, J., Fernandes, R. M., Eremin, I., Rosenkranz, S., Chmaissem, O., & Osborn, R. (2016). Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors. Nature Physics, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3629
Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors. / Allred, J. M.; Taddei, K. M.; Bugaris, D. E.; Krogstad, M. J.; Lapidus, S. H.; Chung, D. Y.; Claus, H.; Kanatzidis, M. G.; Brown, D. E.; Kang, J.; Fernandes, R. M.; Eremin, I.; Rosenkranz, S.; Chmaissem, O.; Osborn, R.
In: Nature Physics, Vol. 12, No. 5, 01.05.2016.
Allred, JM, Taddei, KM, Bugaris, DE, Krogstad, MJ, Lapidus, SH, Chung, DY, Claus, H, Kanatzidis, MG, Brown, DE, Kang, J, Fernandes, RM, Eremin, I, Rosenkranz, S, Chmaissem, O & Osborn, R 2016, 'Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors', Nature Physics, vol. 12, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3629
Allred JM, Taddei KM, Bugaris DE, Krogstad MJ, Lapidus SH, Chung DY et al. Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors. Nature Physics. 2016 May 1;12(5). https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3629
Allred, J. M. ; Taddei, K. M. ; Bugaris, D. E. ; Krogstad, M. J. ; Lapidus, S. H. ; Chung, D. Y. ; Claus, H. ; Kanatzidis, M. G. ; Brown, D. E. ; Kang, J. ; Fernandes, R. M. ; Eremin, I. ; Rosenkranz, S. ; Chmaissem, O. ; Osborn, R. / Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors. In: Nature Physics. 2016 ; Vol. 12, No. 5.
@article{b700a95dd8d54b598f370ec43739be5f,
title = "Double-Q spin-density wave in iron arsenide superconductors",
abstract = "Elucidating the nature of the magnetic ground state of iron-based superconductors is of paramount importance in unveiling the mechanism behind their high-temperature superconductivity. Until recently, it was thought that superconductivity emerges only from an orthorhombic antiferromagnetic stripe phase, which can in principle be described in terms of either localized or itinerant spins. However, we recently reported that tetragonal symmetry is restored inside the magnetically ordered state of certain hole-doped compounds, revealing the existence of a new magnetic phase at compositions close to the onset of superconductivity. Here, we present M{\"o}ssbauer data that show that half of the iron sites in this tetragonal phase are non-magnetic, establishing conclusively the existence of a novel magnetic ground state with a non-uniform magnetization that is inconsistent with localized spins. Instead, this state is naturally explained as the interference between two commensurate spin-density waves, a rare example of collinear double-Q magnetic order. Our results demonstrate the itinerant character of the magnetism of the iron pnictides, and the primary role played by magnetic degrees of freedom in determining their phase diagram.",
author = "Allred, {J. M.} and Taddei, {K. M.} and Bugaris, {D. E.} and Krogstad, {M. J.} and Lapidus, {S. H.} and Chung, {D. Y.} and H. Claus and Kanatzidis, {M. G.} and Brown, {D. E.} and J. Kang and Fernandes, {R. M.} and I. Eremin and S. Rosenkranz and O. Chmaissem and R. Osborn",
note = "Funding Information: Work at Argonne (J.M.A., K.M.T., D.E.Bugaris, M.J.K., D.Y.C., H.C., M.G.K., S.R., O.C. and R.O.) was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division. X-ray experiments were performed at the Advanced Photon Source, which is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Neutron experiments were performed at the High Flux Isotope Reactor and Spallation Neutron Source. R.M.F. and J.K. were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award number DE-SC0012336. The work of I.E. was supported by the Focus Program 1458 Eisen-Pniktide of the DFG, and by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD PPP USA no. 57051534). I.E. also acknowledges the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST MISiS (N 22014015). The authors thank A. A. Aczel, A. Huq, M. J. Kirkham and P. S. Whitfield for experimental assistance, E. E. Alp for use of his M{\"o}ssbauer spectrometer, and B. M. Andersen, A. V. Chubukov, M. N. Gastiasoro, A. Yaresko and Y. Zhao for fruitful discussions.",
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AU - Taddei, K. M.
AU - Bugaris, D. E.
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AU - Lapidus, S. H.
AU - Chung, D. Y.
AU - Claus, H.
AU - Kanatzidis, M. G.
AU - Brown, D. E.
AU - Kang, J.
AU - Fernandes, R. M.
AU - Eremin, I.
AU - Rosenkranz, S.
AU - Chmaissem, O.
AU - Osborn, R.
N1 - Funding Information: Work at Argonne (J.M.A., K.M.T., D.E.Bugaris, M.J.K., D.Y.C., H.C., M.G.K., S.R., O.C. and R.O.) was supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Science and Engineering Division. X-ray experiments were performed at the Advanced Photon Source, which is supported by the Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. Neutron experiments were performed at the High Flux Isotope Reactor and Spallation Neutron Source. R.M.F. and J.K. were supported by the US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, under award number DE-SC0012336. The work of I.E. was supported by the Focus Program 1458 Eisen-Pniktide of the DFG, and by the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD PPP USA no. 57051534). I.E. also acknowledges the financial support of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation in the framework of Increase Competitiveness Program of NUST MISiS (N 22014015). The authors thank A. A. Aczel, A. Huq, M. J. Kirkham and P. S. Whitfield for experimental assistance, E. E. Alp for use of his Mössbauer spectrometer, and B. M. Andersen, A. V. Chubukov, M. N. Gastiasoro, A. Yaresko and Y. Zhao for fruitful discussions.
N2 - Elucidating the nature of the magnetic ground state of iron-based superconductors is of paramount importance in unveiling the mechanism behind their high-temperature superconductivity. Until recently, it was thought that superconductivity emerges only from an orthorhombic antiferromagnetic stripe phase, which can in principle be described in terms of either localized or itinerant spins. However, we recently reported that tetragonal symmetry is restored inside the magnetically ordered state of certain hole-doped compounds, revealing the existence of a new magnetic phase at compositions close to the onset of superconductivity. Here, we present Mössbauer data that show that half of the iron sites in this tetragonal phase are non-magnetic, establishing conclusively the existence of a novel magnetic ground state with a non-uniform magnetization that is inconsistent with localized spins. Instead, this state is naturally explained as the interference between two commensurate spin-density waves, a rare example of collinear double-Q magnetic order. Our results demonstrate the itinerant character of the magnetism of the iron pnictides, and the primary role played by magnetic degrees of freedom in determining their phase diagram.
AB - Elucidating the nature of the magnetic ground state of iron-based superconductors is of paramount importance in unveiling the mechanism behind their high-temperature superconductivity. Until recently, it was thought that superconductivity emerges only from an orthorhombic antiferromagnetic stripe phase, which can in principle be described in terms of either localized or itinerant spins. However, we recently reported that tetragonal symmetry is restored inside the magnetically ordered state of certain hole-doped compounds, revealing the existence of a new magnetic phase at compositions close to the onset of superconductivity. Here, we present Mössbauer data that show that half of the iron sites in this tetragonal phase are non-magnetic, establishing conclusively the existence of a novel magnetic ground state with a non-uniform magnetization that is inconsistent with localized spins. Instead, this state is naturally explained as the interference between two commensurate spin-density waves, a rare example of collinear double-Q magnetic order. Our results demonstrate the itinerant character of the magnetism of the iron pnictides, and the primary role played by magnetic degrees of freedom in determining their phase diagram.
U2 - 10.1038/nphys3629
DO - 10.1038/nphys3629
JO - Nature Physics
JF - Nature Physics


Star Bright Montessori proudly serves the city of Buena Park. Buena Park is a city in northwestern Orange County and is located with the Los Angeles metropolitan area. According to the 2010 US Census, Buena Park has a population of over 80,000 and a total area of approximately 10.5 square miles. As the city known as being the center of the Southland, it has made itself home to a number of tourist attractions, one particularly being Knott's Berry Farm. Buena Park is bordered by Cerritos and La Palma on the west, Cypress on the southwest, Anaheim on the southeast, Fullerton on the east, and La Mirada on the north.
Student living in Buena Park attend schools that are administered by several different school districts. There are a total of six districts responsible for the elementary schools. These districts include: Anaheim Elementary School District, Buena Park School District, Centralia School District, Cypress Elementary School District, Magnolia Elementary School District, and Savanna School District. The high schools are served by two school districts: Anaheim Union High School District and Fullerton Joint Union High School District. For residents of Buena Park choosing to attend an institution of higher education, the North Orange County Community College District will enable them to do so. The colleges within this district include: Cypress College, Fullerton College and the School of Continuing Education.
Education in the city of Buena Park is highly prioritized. For instance, the Buena Park School District's mission statement states that it strives to achieve the advancement of all children while engaging parents and members of the community. Their goal, as is ours, is to provide children with all the necessary skill sets, including educational, social and technological skills, to make responsible decisions and exemplify a great amount of growth throughout their lives. Here at Star Bright Montessori, we make every effort to nurture and enlighten children at a young age so that they develop a positive attitude towards learning. This will therefore lead to the enrichment of our children's talents, thereby enhancing the diverse community within Buena Park.


We are excited to introduce you to Blu. Blu stands approx. 12" tall and is made from soft shaggy blue faux fur with a wood underbase and many sculpted details. His arms are created using wood, wire and painted canvas.


text:
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Management of Shoulder Dystocia: A Reflective Essay
Info: 1177 words (5 pages) Reflective Nursing Essay
Tagged: reflective practice
Title: A reflective essay on how you would manage a shoulder dystocia as an obstetric emergency in a stand alone midwife led unit.
Undergraduate Degree Level Essay
The condition of shoulder dystocia is diagnosed when the delivery of the foetal head is prevented by the impaction of one of the foetal shoulders within the mother's pelvis. Simple head traction or episiotomy alone will not resolve the condition
Shoulder dystocia is a complication of labour which is notoriously difficult to manage. It has a high complication rate and an increased rate of mortality. A number of studies have highlighted the fact that management is not always optimal. (Crofts, et al. 2006). Two UK studies produced similar findings that avoidable factors were identifiable in 66% of the perinatal deaths associated with shoulder dystocia. The definition of "avoidable factors" being a different management would have produced a better outcome.
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This malpresentation occurs in about 2% of vaginal deliveries and common associated morbidities include permanent brachial plexus injury, fracture of the clavicle, foetal haematoma and hypoxic brain injury. (Draycott, et al. 2008). Because the majority of cases of shoulder dystocia occur in the absence of predictable risk factors, all healthcare professionals in charge of a delivery should have an optimal plan to resolve shoulder dystocia in the safest way possible in any given circumstance.
The management of shoulder dystocia is a subject that has acquired a large literature in its own right. It is therefore not appropriate to discuss it in great detail.
Many of the studies done on the subject have identified a number of "critical tasks" in the delivery process. These include recognizing shoulder dystocia, asking for additional help, calling for paediatricians to be attend the delivery, applying gentle downward traction on the fetal head, placing the patient in McRobert's position, and applying appropriate suprapubic pressure. (Deering, et al. 2005)
A number of mechanisms have been advised in the literature and these include rotational manoeuvre (Rubin's or Woodscrew), episiotomy, delivery of the posterior arm, fracture of clavicle, symphysiotomy, all-fours manoeuvre, a cephalic replacement (Zavenelli) manoeuvre if other manoeuvres were not successful. (Crofts et al. 2008)
Predisposing factors.
Shoulder dystocia appears to occur in cases where there are no discernable predisposing factors however, there are some conditions that appear to make it more likely. The strongest single predictor appears to be foetal macrosomia. A number of authorities have suggested that maternal obesity is an association of the condition, but the meticulous study by Robinson showed conclusively that it was only obesity in diabetic mothers (that was associated with macrosomia) that had a high incidence of shoulder dystocia. Other causes of obesity did not have this association. (Robinson, et al. 2003)
Gonen was able to report that a critical weight appeared to be 4,500 g with 33% of infants over this weight having shoulder dystocia and only 2% who were under it. (Gonen, et al. 1996)
Birth position
There appears to be considerable controversy regarding the ideal birth position. The McRoberts position (with maternal hips in flexion), combined with suprapubic pressure, has been reported as resolving 50% of identified cases of shoulder dystocia (German, et al. 1997). It is thought to achieve its effect through a rotation of the symphysis pubis and flattening of the sacrum. This, together with fundal pressure, is believed to reduce the possibility of the anterior shoulder being impacted under the symphysis pubis. There are some reports of the possibility of increased maternal morbidity (Heath, et al. 1999) and lack of effect (Beall, et al. 2003)
On a personal note, I have reflected on my own practice in dealing with cases of shoulder dystocia. As a result of researching this essay I have resolved to further explore the evidence base for dealing with the situation, because critical analysis of some of the papers read have challenged some of the ideas that I had previously believed to be true.
In particular, I note papers which have analysed the behaviour of the responsible clinician in cases of shoulder dystocia and have been concerned about the frequent lack of paediatric back up. This has been identified as a failure on the part of the lead clinician, who is often so engrossed in the management of the condition that back up is simply overlooked. I have personally experienced cases where this has occurred and believe that a high degree of assertiveness is required if I see that it has been overlooked in the future.
Beall M H, Spong C Y, Ross M G (2003) A Randomized Controlled Trial of Prophylactic Maneuvers to Reduce Head-to-Body Delivery Time in Patients at Risk for Shoulder Dystocia. Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003; 102: 31 – 35
Crofts J F, Bartlett C, Ellis D, Hunt L P, Fox R, Draycott T J (2006) Training for Shoulder Dystocia : A Trial of Simulation Using Low-Fidelity and High-Fidelity Mannequins : Obstetrics & Gynecology 2006; 108 : 1477 – 1485
Crofts J F, Bartlett C, Ellis D, Winter C, Donald F, Hunt L P, Draycott T J (2008) Patient-actor perception of care: a comparison of obstetric emergency training using manikins and patient-actors. Qual. Saf. Health Care, February 1, 2008; 17 (1): 20 – 24.
Deering S, Satin A J (2005) Evaluation of Residents' Delivery Notes After a Simulated Shoulder Dystocia. Obstet. Gynecol., February 1, 2005; 105 (2): 448 – 449.
Draycott T J, Crofts J F, Ash J P, Wilson L V, Yard E, Sibanda T, Whitelaw A. (2008) Improving Neonatal Outcome Through Practical Shoulder Dystocia Training. Obstet. Gynecol., July 1, 2008; 112 (1): 14 – 20.
German R B, Goodwin T M, Souter I, Neumann K, Ouzounian J G, Paul R H. The McRoberts' maneuver for the alleviation of shoulder dystocia: How successful is it? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1997; 176 : 656 – 61.
Gonen R, Spiegel D, Abend M. Is macrosomia predictable and are shoulder dystocia and birth trauma preventable? Obstet Gynecol 1996; 88 : 526 – 9.
Heath L T, Gherman R B. Symphyseal separation, sacroiliac joint dislocation and transient lateral femoral cutaneous neuropathy associated with McRoberts' maneuver. J Reprod Med 1999; 44 : 902 – 4
Robinson H, Tkatch S, Mayes D C, Bott N, Okun N. (2003) Is Maternal Obesity a Predictor of Shoulder Dystocia? Obstetrics & Gynecology 2003; 101 : 24 – 27
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Photography is a hobby for millions and some choose to make it their career. Jamie Brown reveals how the Photography for Little People franchise is the ideal opportunity for those who have photography on the brain and family life at heart.
Photography for Little People is perfect for those with young children who wish to work in harmony with their family life. Starting any business is a risk, yet buying a franchise mitigates that risk for many. By following the plan, the training and the systems, franchise owners are highly likely to succeed.
Photography for Little People was founded by mother and daughter team, Jan Massey and Melanie Kemp, with the main focus within the company always being the family, whether the franchise owner's family, or the families of its clients.
Jan explains: "I think Photography for Little People appeals to women, as they are naturally really good with little ones. That is not to say we do not want male franchise owners – there are many men who would be perfect for this business and four of our franchise owners are male; however, this franchise is particularly suitable for women because you can create your own diary to fit very easily around the family."
Amarjit, the Birmingham franchise owner, agrees: "My business allows me to work from home and it's great that I am able to manage my own diary. I can book sessions for when my children are at nursery/school, or for Saturday mornings when my husband can look after them."Melanie adds: "Women are not appreciated, perhaps, as much as they should be in the workplace; there are lots of talented women out there whose normal family life doesn't fit into a nine to five routine. Women want the freedom to make an appearance on sports day or a concert at school, or to spend time with their family. They want and need flexibility as well as financial rewards, just as much as men do."
Amarjit says it's one of the best decisions she has ever made: "The best thing of all is that it's a dream job. Being a photographer, working with children and being able to fit it around being a mum is perfect."
Amarjit has ongoing support from her franchisor mentor, who's only a phone call away, if she needs advice on marketing, or technical support, or anything else for that matter.
The initial training runs over five days, and more training can be arranged until the franchise owner feels confident and comfortable operating the franchise.
Photography for Little People specialises in taking photos of young children; they also take family shots and impressions of children's hands and feet.
Amarjit adds: "Going from being an employee to working on my own was a big jump, and it's worked for me, I love the product and have built up my confidence as a franchise owner. I'm proud to be a part of the Photography for Little People family."
Which brings us back to the fact that no-one is on their own at Photography for Little People because, naturally, it wants to see its franchise owners succeed.
Franchising gives you access to people who know what it's like to walk in your shoes and who are investing in your success, being part of the Photography for Little People family is a wonderful feeling. When you aren't sure how to handle a certain situation, you can pick up the phone and call someone who has been there and done that. When you have an exciting success, you can pick up the phone and call someone who will be celebrating with you.
For many women, Photography for Little People is a perfect fit and the most congruent way to listen to that entrepreneurial voice.


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Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections
Diana C. Rosentul, Theo S. Plantinga, Marius Farcas, Marije Oosting, Omar J.M. Hamza, William K. Scott, Barbara D. Alexander, John C. Yang, Gregory M. Laird, Leo A.B. Joosten, Jos W.M. Van Der Meer, John R. Perfect, Bart Jan Kullberg, Andre J.A.M. Van Der Ven, Melissa D. Johnson, Mihai G. Netea
Candida albicans can cause candidemia in neutropenic and critically ill patients and oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with low CD4+ counts. Because all patients at risk do not develop Candida infections, it is possible that a patient's genetic background might play a role in his or her susceptibility to infection. Autophagy mediates pathogen clearance andmodulation of inflammation. Our aim was to assess the effect of genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM autophagy genes on the susceptibility of patients with candidemia and oropharyngeal candidiasis. We assessed genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genes in a cohort of candidemia patients of both African and European origin. In addition, we evaluated the effect of these polymorphisms on the susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis of an HIV-positive cohort from Tanzania. Functional studies have been performed to assess the effect of the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants on both in vitro and in vivo cytokine production. The results indicate that ATG16L1 variants modulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not other cytokines, while no effects were seen in the presence of IRGM polymorphisms. In addition, no significant associations between the singlenucleotide polymorphisms in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants and the incidence of candidemia or oropharyngeal candidiasis were identified. Despite moderate effects on the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production, genetic variation in the autophagy genes ATG16L1 and IRGM has a minor impact on the susceptibility to both mucosal and systemic Candida infections.
Medical mycology
https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt035
Candidemia
Genetic association study
10.1093/mmy/myt035
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of 'Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
candidiasis Agriculture & Biology
autophagy Agriculture & Biology
Candida Medicine & Life Sciences
Autophagy Medicine & Life Sciences
Candidemia Medicine & Life Sciences
Candidiasis Medicine & Life Sciences
Genetic Variation Medicine & Life Sciences
Infection Medicine & Life Sciences
Rosentul, D. C., Plantinga, T. S., Farcas, M., Oosting, M., Hamza, O. J. M., Scott, W. K., Alexander, B. D., Yang, J. C., Laird, G. M., Joosten, L. A. B., Van Der Meer, J. W. M., Perfect, J. R., Kullberg, B. J., Van Der Ven, A. J. A. M., Johnson, M. D., & Netea, M. G. (2014). Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections. Medical mycology, 52(4), 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt035
Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections. / Rosentul, Diana C.; Plantinga, Theo S.; Farcas, Marius; Oosting, Marije; Hamza, Omar J.M.; Scott, William K.; Alexander, Barbara D.; Yang, John C.; Laird, Gregory M.; Joosten, Leo A.B.; Van Der Meer, Jos W.M.; Perfect, John R.; Kullberg, Bart Jan; Van Der Ven, Andre J.A.M.; Johnson, Melissa D.; Netea, Mihai G.
In: Medical mycology, Vol. 52, No. 4, 05.2014, p. 333-341.
Rosentul, DC, Plantinga, TS, Farcas, M, Oosting, M, Hamza, OJM, Scott, WK, Alexander, BD, Yang, JC, Laird, GM, Joosten, LAB, Van Der Meer, JWM, Perfect, JR, Kullberg, BJ, Van Der Ven, AJAM, Johnson, MD & Netea, MG 2014, 'Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections', Medical mycology, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 333-341. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt035
Rosentul DC, Plantinga TS, Farcas M, Oosting M, Hamza OJM, Scott WK et al. Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections. Medical mycology. 2014 May;52(4):333-341. https://doi.org/10.1093/mmy/myt035
Rosentul, Diana C. ; Plantinga, Theo S. ; Farcas, Marius ; Oosting, Marije ; Hamza, Omar J.M. ; Scott, William K. ; Alexander, Barbara D. ; Yang, John C. ; Laird, Gregory M. ; Joosten, Leo A.B. ; Van Der Meer, Jos W.M. ; Perfect, John R. ; Kullberg, Bart Jan ; Van Der Ven, Andre J.A.M. ; Johnson, Melissa D. ; Netea, Mihai G. / Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections. In: Medical mycology. 2014 ; Vol. 52, No. 4. pp. 333-341.
@article{9eba1ac49f134096b376125a69adc3ea,
title = "Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections",
abstract = "Candida albicans can cause candidemia in neutropenic and critically ill patients and oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with low CD4+ counts. Because all patients at risk do not develop Candida infections, it is possible that a patient's genetic background might play a role in his or her susceptibility to infection. Autophagy mediates pathogen clearance andmodulation of inflammation. Our aim was to assess the effect of genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM autophagy genes on the susceptibility of patients with candidemia and oropharyngeal candidiasis. We assessed genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genes in a cohort of candidemia patients of both African and European origin. In addition, we evaluated the effect of these polymorphisms on the susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis of an HIV-positive cohort from Tanzania. Functional studies have been performed to assess the effect of the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants on both in vitro and in vivo cytokine production. The results indicate that ATG16L1 variants modulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not other cytokines, while no effects were seen in the presence of IRGM polymorphisms. In addition, no significant associations between the singlenucleotide polymorphisms in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants and the incidence of candidemia or oropharyngeal candidiasis were identified. Despite moderate effects on the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production, genetic variation in the autophagy genes ATG16L1 and IRGM has a minor impact on the susceptibility to both mucosal and systemic Candida infections.",
keywords = "Autophagy, Candida albicans, Candidemia, Genetic association study, HIV, Oropharyngeal candidiasis",
author = "Rosentul, {Diana C.} and Plantinga, {Theo S.} and Marius Farcas and Marije Oosting and Hamza, {Omar J.M.} and Scott, {William K.} and Alexander, {Barbara D.} and Yang, {John C.} and Laird, {Gregory M.} and Joosten, {Leo A.B.} and {Van Der Meer}, {Jos W.M.} and Perfect, {John R.} and Kullberg, {Bart Jan} and {Van Der Ven}, {Andre J.A.M.} and Johnson, {Melissa D.} and Netea, {Mihai G.}",
doi = "10.1093/mmy/myt035",
journal = "Medical Mycology",
publisher = "Informa Healthcare",
T1 - Role of autophagy genetic variants for the risk of Candida infections
AU - Rosentul, Diana C.
AU - Plantinga, Theo S.
AU - Farcas, Marius
AU - Oosting, Marije
AU - Hamza, Omar J.M.
AU - Scott, William K.
AU - Alexander, Barbara D.
AU - Yang, John C.
AU - Laird, Gregory M.
AU - Joosten, Leo A.B.
AU - Van Der Meer, Jos W.M.
AU - Perfect, John R.
AU - Kullberg, Bart Jan
AU - Van Der Ven, Andre J.A.M.
AU - Johnson, Melissa D.
AU - Netea, Mihai G.
N2 - Candida albicans can cause candidemia in neutropenic and critically ill patients and oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with low CD4+ counts. Because all patients at risk do not develop Candida infections, it is possible that a patient's genetic background might play a role in his or her susceptibility to infection. Autophagy mediates pathogen clearance andmodulation of inflammation. Our aim was to assess the effect of genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM autophagy genes on the susceptibility of patients with candidemia and oropharyngeal candidiasis. We assessed genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genes in a cohort of candidemia patients of both African and European origin. In addition, we evaluated the effect of these polymorphisms on the susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis of an HIV-positive cohort from Tanzania. Functional studies have been performed to assess the effect of the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants on both in vitro and in vivo cytokine production. The results indicate that ATG16L1 variants modulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not other cytokines, while no effects were seen in the presence of IRGM polymorphisms. In addition, no significant associations between the singlenucleotide polymorphisms in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants and the incidence of candidemia or oropharyngeal candidiasis were identified. Despite moderate effects on the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production, genetic variation in the autophagy genes ATG16L1 and IRGM has a minor impact on the susceptibility to both mucosal and systemic Candida infections.
AB - Candida albicans can cause candidemia in neutropenic and critically ill patients and oropharyngeal candidiasis in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients with low CD4+ counts. Because all patients at risk do not develop Candida infections, it is possible that a patient's genetic background might play a role in his or her susceptibility to infection. Autophagy mediates pathogen clearance andmodulation of inflammation. Our aim was to assess the effect of genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM autophagy genes on the susceptibility of patients with candidemia and oropharyngeal candidiasis. We assessed genetic variations in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genes in a cohort of candidemia patients of both African and European origin. In addition, we evaluated the effect of these polymorphisms on the susceptibility to oropharyngeal candidiasis of an HIV-positive cohort from Tanzania. Functional studies have been performed to assess the effect of the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants on both in vitro and in vivo cytokine production. The results indicate that ATG16L1 variants modulate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but not other cytokines, while no effects were seen in the presence of IRGM polymorphisms. In addition, no significant associations between the singlenucleotide polymorphisms in the ATG16L1 and IRGM genetic variants and the incidence of candidemia or oropharyngeal candidiasis were identified. Despite moderate effects on the modulation of proinflammatory cytokine production, genetic variation in the autophagy genes ATG16L1 and IRGM has a minor impact on the susceptibility to both mucosal and systemic Candida infections.
KW - Autophagy
KW - Candida albicans
KW - Candidemia
KW - Genetic association study
KW - HIV
KW - Oropharyngeal candidiasis
U2 - 10.1093/mmy/myt035
DO - 10.1093/mmy/myt035
JO - Medical Mycology
JF - Medical Mycology