text:
Male-female wage gap responsible for greater depression & anxiety in women
© Jessica Rinaldi © Reuters
Women on less pay than their male counterparts suffer depression nearly two and a half times as much as men, with their susceptibility to anxiety being more than four times that of men the same age who have similar qualifications, reported a new study.
Differences in men's and women's depression were previously thought to be mainly gender-related. But according to researchers from New York's Columbia University, disparities in psychiatric disorders actually arise from "unfair treatment."
As a matter of fact, women in the United States working full-time year-round are paid 79 cents for every dollar paid to men, according to US Census Bureau data.
The Mailman School researchers, who scrutinized data from 22,581 working US adults aged from 30 to 65, came to the conclusion that the consequences of their wage gap extend beyond the expected social frameworks.
Mind the pay gap: Female graduates earn £8k less than male counterparts
"Our results show that some of the gender disparities in depression and anxiety may be due to the effects of structural gender inequality in the workforce and beyond," Jonathan Platt, a PhD student in Epidemiology and lead author of the paper, published in Social Science & Medicine, said on the university's website.
"The social processes that sort women into certain jobs, compensate them less than equivalent male counterparts, and create gender disparities in domestic labor that have material and psychosocial consequences."
Surprisingly enough, when women's income was greater than their male counterparts, their odds for having anxiety or depression was almost equivalent to men.
According to Platt, the disproportionate rate of anxiety and depression diagnoses in women is not just about material values. As a rule, women spend more time on domestic roles than men, and it gives them an added burden that can lead to anxiety and depression. Besides, there's an insidious psychological process that pushes women to blame themselves for different expectations around their jobs and how they're compensated, researchers explain.
"If women internalize these negative experiences as individual-level issues, rather than the result of structural discrimination, they may be at increased risk for depression and anxiety disorders," says Platt.
Gender pay gap decreases… for all the wrong reasons
"Our findings suggest that policies must go beyond prohibiting overt gender discrimination," says Katherine Keyes, assistant professor of Epidemiology and senior author.
"While it is commonly believed that gender differences in depression and anxiety are biologically rooted, these results suggest that such differences are much more socially constructed than previously thought, indicating that gender disparities in psychiatric disorders are malleable and arise from unfair treatment," she added.
Paid parental leave, affordable childcare, and flexible work schedules could ease some of this burden, Keyes says, noting that more research into understanding the ways in which discrimination plays a role in mental health is required.
"Greater attention to the fundamental mechanisms that perpetuate wage disparities is needed not only because it is unjust, but so that we may understand and be able to intervene to reduce subsequent health risks and disparities."


With approximately 800 shops and restaurants shown in block-by-block detail, Red Maps, hands-down, makes the ultimate shopping guide to SoHo and Nolita. But with all that shopping you're going to need food. Starting on Sullivan Street, Red Maps walked east across SoHo and NoLita one day to map out a guide to breakfast, lunch and cocktails. Have a good time!
French fresh-baked goods and generously-sized espressos make Once Upon a Tart your starting point as you map out your power-shopping day.
On the go: Yes, the yogurt company has a smart cafe for topping-off their healthy-fare with fruits and nuts.
Delicious, light dumpling and noodle soups, plus a large selection of of teas and beer make Kelly & Ping a SoHo standard.
Fanelli's is a famous bar that was a regular haunt of artists in the 80's and 90's. Try their burger, sit back and take-in this historic old-school New York bar.
Since 1977! Dean and Deluca is amazing and truly a SoHo landmark. Every conceivable variety of cheeses, desserts, breads, chocolates, fruit and meats are piled-high in abundant fashion.
Recharge your batteries at Emporio with its charming staff and inviting interior space. Emporio is also well-known for their pizzas.
The lines can go out the do at the very convenient Cafe La Colombe.
It's the afternoon now, and you've earned an ice-cold flavorful Bloody Mary. Have it at the Crosby's visually entertaining bar room or if it's warm, take a seat in the hotel's inviting backyard patio.
With its sidewalk cafe and open doors, Ken and Cook is the perfect spot to have a cocktail and a tray of oysters. Sit back and watch the passing crowds as the sun sets.
Photos Top: Once Upon a Tart; Chobani.
Second Row: Fanelli Cafe; Kelly & Ping; Dean & Deluca.
Bottom Row: Emporio Cafe; Street scene; Crosby Street Hotel Bar; Ken & Cook Bar.


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Kathryn Hahn Breaking News, Photos, and Videos
Main > Kathryn Hahn
Sun, 27 December 2020
Kathryn Hahn's Character is Introduced in New 'WandaVision' Trailer - Watch!
We're just a few short weeks away from the premiere of WandaVision!
Disney+ released a new trailer for their upcoming Marvel series starring Elizabeth Olsen and Paul Bettany.
WandaVision is set in the 1950s after the events of Avengers: Endgame, and will center on Wanda Maximoff aka Scarlet Witch (Olsen) and Vision (Bettany) living in the suburban town of Westview.
In the new trailer, viewers are introduced to Kathryn Hahn's character, who is an overly cheery and nosy neighbor.
At one point in the trailer, Kathryn's character asks to pause and redo the scene she's in with Wanda and Vision.
WandaVision will be premiering on Disney+ starting on Friday, January 15.
Find out which TV icon was brought in as a consultant for the show.
Posted to Disney Plus, Elizabeth Olsen, Kathryn Hahn, Marvel, Paul Bettany, WandaVision
Photos: YouTube
Sun, 20 September 2020
Disney+ Debuts 'WandaVision' Trailer During Emmy Awards 2020 - Watch Here!
Elizabeth Olsen and Paul Bettany are back as their Marvel characters in the new trailer for WandaVision on Disney+.
The series is a "blend of classic television and the Marvel Cinematic Universe in which Wanda Maximoff and Vision – two super-powered beings living idealized suburban lives – begin to suspect that everything is not as it seems."
The series has been long awaited by Marvel fans, and was also one of the many shut down due to the coronavirus pandemic earlier in the year.
PHOTOS: Check out the latest pics of
The first look at the upcoming series took place earlier this year, during the Super Bowl. See what it looked like here!
If you missed it, see which actor is rumored to have a role in the new series here…
Posted to Disney Plus, Elizabeth Olsen, Kathryn Hahn, Marvel, Paul Bettany, Trailer, WandaVision
Photos: Disney Plus
Wed, 11 March 2020
Kristen Bell, Josh Gad, & More Lend Their Voices in 'Central Park' Trailer - Watch!
The trailer for Apple TV+'s new animated series Central Park has been released!
The new musical-comedy series from the co-creator of Bob's Burgers, featuring an all-star voice cast, will be premiering on May 29.
Here's the show's synopsis: Central Park is an animated musical comedy about the Tillermans, a family that lives in Central Park. Owen, the park manager, and Paige, his journalist wife, raise their kids Molly and Cole in the world's most famous park, while fending off hotel heiress Bitsy Brandenham and her long suffering assistant Helen, who would love nothing more than to turn the park into condos.
Central Park's voice cast features Josh Gad, Leslie Odom Jr., Kristen Bell, Kathryn Hahn, Tituss Burgess, Daveed Diggs and Stanley Tucci.
Check out the trailer!
Posted to apple, Central Park, Daveed Diggs, Josh Gad, Kathryn Hahn, Kristen Bell, Leslie Odom Jr, Stanley Tucci, Television, Tituss Burgess, Trailer
Photos: Apple TV+
Mon, 10 February 2020
Sarah Silverman, Chelsea Handler & More Funny Ladies Step Out for Vanity Fair Oscar Party!
Sarah Silverman is all smile as she strikes a pose at the 2020 Vanity Fair Oscar Party on Sunday night (February 9) at the Wallis Annenberg Center for the Performing Arts in Beverly Hills, Calif.
The 49-year-old actress and comedian was joined at the event by fellow comedians Chelsea Handler who hit the carpet with Mary McCormack, Whitney Cummings, Zoe Lister-Jones, Nasim Pedrad, Tracey Ullman and Kathryn Hahn.
FYI: Chelsea is wearing a Narciso Rodriguez dress with Sergio Rossi heels. Whitney is wearing a Romona Keveža dress with Stuart Weitzman heels. Nasim is wearing a Paule Ka gown with Stuart Weitzman heels and clutch. Kathryn is wearing a Rosie Assoulin dress.
Posted to 2020 Oscars Parties, Chelsea Handler, Kathryn Hahn, Mary McCormack, Nasim Pedrad, Sarah Silverman, Tracey Ullman, Whitney Cummings, Zoe Lister Jones
Credit: Frazer Harrison; Photos: Getty
Tue, 04 February 2020
Eva Longoria, Chelsea Handler & More Kick Off Oscars Week at EMILY's List Brunch!
Eva Longoria strikes a pose while stepping out for EMILY's List Brunch & "Defining Women" Panel Discussion held at Four Seasons Hotel on Tuesday (February 4) in Los Angeles.
The 44-year-old actress joined EMILY's List Creative Council Co-Founder Chelsea Handler, Uzo Aduba, EMILY's List President Stephanie Schriock, Amber Tamblyn, Wendy Davis, Logan Browning, Kathryn Hahn, Amy Landecker, Yvette Nicole Brown, Amanda Shires and Executive Director of EMILY's List Emily Cain.
EMILY's List — the nation's largest resource for women in politics — kicked off Oscars week by bringing together powerful women across entertainment and politics for a candid, high-level conversation about women raising their voices and resisting the cultural forces that threaten to hold them back.
Last week, Eva Longoria spent time at the 2020 Sundance Film Festival to promote her new film Sylvie's Love.
Posted to Amanda Shires, Amber Tamblyn, Amy Landecker, Chelsea Handler, Eva Longoria, Kathryn Hahn, Logan Browning, Uzo Aduba, Wendy Davis, Yvette Nicole Brown
Credit: Presley Ann; Photos: Getty
Mon, 20 January 2020
Apple TV+ Announces New Animated Series 'Central Park' From 'Bob's Burgers' Creator!
Apple TV+ has announced their new animated series coming this summer!
The streaming service announced their upcoming musical comedy series titled Central Park from Bob's Burgers creator Loren Bouchard and Josh Gad.
Central Park's voice cast features Josh, Leslie Odom Jr., Kristen Bell, Kathryn Hahn, Tituss Burgess, Daveed Diggs and Stanley Tucci.
Posted to apple, Central Park, Daveed Diggs, Josh Gad, Kathryn Hahn, Kristen Bell, Leslie Odom Jr, Stanley Tucci, Television, Tituss Burgess
Emilia Clarke, Laura Harrier, Gugu Mbatha-Raw & More Celebrate the Globes with HFPA
Emilia Clarke, Laura Harrier, and Gugu Mbatha-Raw walk the red carpet at the HFPA & THR Celebration of the 2020 Golden Globe Awards Season on Thursday (November 14) at Catch in West Hollywood, Calif.
Gugu was joined at the event by her The Morning Show co-star Janina Gavankar, who met up with Abigail Spencer. The two of them are both close friends of Meghan Markle!
More stars in attendance included The Path's Michelle Monaghan, Why Women Kill's Ginnifer Goodwin, Uncut Gems' Julia Fox, Always Be My Maybe's Ali Wong, Mrs. Fletcher's Kathryn Hahn, See's Nesta Cooper, Russian Doll's Natasha Lyonne, The Good Place's Jameela Jamil, Vida's Mishel Prada and Melissa Barrera, Four Weddings and a Funeral's Rebecca Rittenhouse, and Mr. Robot's Carly Chaikin.
FYI: Emilia is wearing a Roland Mouret dress. Laura is wearing an Altuzarra dress. Gugu is wearing a Rodarte dress. Nesta is wearing an Adeam dress and Meredith Kahn Jewelry. Rebecca is wearing a Mulberry dress. Jameela is wearing Hearts On Fire jewelry. Natasha is wearing Le Silla shoes.
Posted to Abigail Spencer, Ali Wong, Carly Chaikin, Emilia Clarke, Ginnifer Goodwin, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Jameela Jamil, Janina Gavankar, Julia Fox, Kathryn Hahn, Laura Harrier, Melissa Barrera, Michelle Monaghan, Mishel Prada, Natasha Lyonne, Nesta Cooper, Rebecca Rittenhouse

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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"12 For One" CD Deals No More: BMG Music Service Ends In June
By Daniel Kreps
View all posts by Daniel Kreps
The BMG Music Service — the mail-order company famous for offering CDs at deals like "12 for the price of one" — has revealed in an e-mail to subscribers that they will cease operations on June 30, 2009. The writing seemed to be on the wall in December 2008, when Rolling Stone reported on the company's announcement that they'd no longer allow new subscribers to sign up; at the time the service said they were "very actively engaged with our existing member base and will be making more changes to serve them." Instead, three months later BMG Music Service is encouraging current subscribers to join up with sister site yourmusic.com, which offers albums at a discount price of $6.99 with no shipping fees.
In the e-mail, BMG told subscribers, "You will receive one more Featured Selection Announcement email from us" and "You will still be able to shop at bmgmusic.com through May 31, 2009." However, the service will cease to exist on June 30th, so if you have any "Music Points" or "certificates for free CDs," you may want to stop hesitating and just order Viva la Vida already. BMG, Columbia House and similar services claimed a large chunk of CD sales in the 1990s. Columbia House stopped selling CDs when it was bought by BMG Direct in 2005; today Columbia House operates as a DVD club.
Even though we haven't used BMG in more than a decade, news of its demise has filled us with a nostalgic sadness. At one point in the service's history, BMG offered "10 CDs for the price of half," meaning you could get 10 albums just for buying one-half priced CD, and that's it. The total math, after shipping charges, came out to roughly $27 for 10 CDs. Thus, we pretended on the subscription forms that our suburban home was an apartment complex, created a ton of aliases and signed up for the service over 25 times, raking in 250 CDs in the process. It ate up a lot of stamps responding "Not Interested" to each month's spotlight release mailers, but in the long run it was worth it. Share your fond memories of the music service in the comments.


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Q: PHP Calling self on a non-static method Why is the 'self'-call to a non-satic method in this example working?
class A{

    protected function aNonStaticMethod(){
        return __class__;
    }

    public function aEcho(){
        echo self::aNonStaticMethod();
    }
}

Thanks for explanation.

A: In your simple example $this and self is interchangable. But be aware of the different method resolving when dealing with inheritance (i added static for completeness):
class A {
    protected function aNonStaticMethod(){
        return __class__;
    }

    public function selfEcho(){
        echo self::aNonStaticMethod();
    }

    public function staticEcho(){
        echo static::aNonStaticMethod();
    }

    public function thisEcho(){
        echo $this->aNonStaticMethod();
    }
}

class B extends A {
    protected function aNonStaticMethod(){
        return __class__;
    }
}

$b = new B();
$b->selfEcho(); // A
$b->staticEcho(); // B
$b->thisEcho(); // B

A: Calling non-static method statically
Theoretically it should not work, but as this comment says:

There was no static keyword in php4 but php4 did allow for static
calls. To maintain backwards compatibility this was left in when the
static keyword was added in php5.

This comment is supported by this official php.net wiki:

This is already deprecated if the call occurs from an instance method.
Not annotating methods as static is an obsolete PHP4-ism.

You really should not call non-static method statically - it does not make sense (if there is a static keyword).
Avoid calling non-static methods statically completely!
...because a) it is a bad approach and b) the PHP docs say:

Caution
In PHP 5, calling non-static methods statically generates an E_STRICT level warning.

AND

Warning
In PHP 7, calling non-static methods statically is deprecated, and will generate an E_DEPRECATED warning. Support for calling non-static methods statically may be removed in the future.

Using :: operator for non-static calls - may be a good approach!
As @Kontrollfreak pointed out and as this docs say the :: operator is not limited to static calls:

the double colon, is a token that allows access to static, constant,
and overridden properties or methods of a class

So it is OK if you reference this way a method or properties from a parent class - which is not limited to a direct parent.
EDIT: do not mistake this for Fascade etc. software patterns!
During writing this answer I forgot to mention that there might be cases, when the call is static, but internally it is calling dynamic method - for more info see patterns like Facade or Singleton.
However do NOT mistake these with issue described above! (issue above is about using direct static call on dynamic thing that should be called dynamically, these patterns are about calling static methods statically, which then may dynamically invoke something dynamic (internally)).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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A Laval Police Officer Racially Profiled A Black Man, The Police Ethics Committee Ruled
"They shoot people like you [in the United States]."
Ilana Belfer
Service de police de Laval | Facebook
Quebec's police ethics committee has ruled that a Laval police officer violated the ethics code when racially profiling a Black man in May 2017. The incident, which took place at a gas station, involved the officer pushing the man, wrongfully arresting him and deleting video footage of the event from the man's cellphone, according to the committee.
The officer also submitted a report he knew to be false or inaccurate, the committee's written decision says.
The police ethics committee made its decision on November 18 after seeing video surveillance taken at the gas station as well as reviewing the officer's reports and hearing testimony from both parties: Officer Michaël Boutin and Pradel Content, an anglophone Black man who identifies as disabled.
The decision document lays out Content's version of events, according to the police ethics commissioner.
The commissioner says Content was driving on Boulevard des Laurentides and stopped for a routine Timmies run when he spotted a patrol car U-turning in order to follow him. After parking at a gas station, the document says Content began filming since he's previously been harassed by police officers, but Officer Boutin told him he didn't have the right to film, slapped his phone out of his hand and pushed him, eventually arresting him.
Officer Boutin testified that they were following Content's vehicle after noticing an object poking out of the trunk. Boutin says they noticed Content violating the Highway Safety Code because he was using his cell phone while driving, despite Content saying he didn't start filming until he had parked. Boutin says he arrested Content for refusing to identify himself.
While Officer Boutin admitted to deleting the video (with consent), he says it was because Content brought the phone up to his face to intimidate him. However, the committee says it did not believe this because video footage showed Content holding the phone at chest level and not "gesticulating," as the officer described.
Citing another committee decision, Police Ethics Commissioner v. Ledoux from 2016, the committee added, "Nothing prohibits a citizen from filming or photographing a police intervention, this having become so easy with the new cameras available to the public. The police officer must now deal with this reality."
According to the decision document, Officer Boutin told Content that he should be happy to be in Quebec rather than the U.S. "because they shoot people like you there," to which Content replied that the police are shot back.
Content reportedly contested the ticket the police issued him for using his phone while driving and won. CTV News reported that, in addition to his complaint with the police ethics committee, Content also filed complaints with the Quebec Human Rights Tribunal and the Quebec Human Rights and Youth Rights Commission.
While his case is still before the tribunal, CTV says the Human Rights Commission ruled in his favour and he was awarded $10,000 in damages from the police officers involved and the City of Laval.
All in all, the police ethics committee upheld six of the 12 complaints made against Officer Boutin.
"The Committee believes that Mr. Content's race played a definite role in Officer Boutin's decision to question him. Indeed, even if Officer Boutin may have had reasonable cause to stop Mr. Content, he had no reason to act as he did in slapping Mr. Content's hand and shoving him," the decision says.
Marie-Ève Bilodeau, secretary-general of the police ethics committee, told MTL Blog that the officer's penalties have yet to be decided. The decision on sanctions will be given at another hearing scheduled for December 16 at 9 a.m.
This article's cover image was used for illustrative purposes only.
Quebec Police Opened An Investigation After A Video Of A Forceful ... ›
Mother Of Black Man Killed By Repentigny Police Speaks Out - MTL ... ›
Justice For Jean René Junior Olivier Protest Planned Outside Montreal ›
An 18-Year-Old Was Hit By A Bullet While Inside A Laval Library
No suspect has been arrested.
Viorel Margineau | Dreamstime
Laval police say an 18-year-old was shot while inside a local library on Monday night.
According to Stéphanie Beshara, spokesperson for the Service de Police de Laval (SPL), police found the teenager with a gunshot injury in the lower body while responding to reports of gunfire at around 7:13 p.m. on Monday night.
Multiple outlets have identified the location as the Philippe-Panneton Library.
"Police found the victim inside the library on boulevard Arthur-Sauvé," Beshara explained. "He was brought to the hospital where there was no fear for his life."
According to the SPL spokesperson, the victim has since been released from the hospital and is doing fine.
Apparently, the victim is known to the police. Beshara explained that investigators will interview the victim as well as the witnesses that were at the library on Monday night.
No suspect has been arrested as of the time of writing.
This event follows a series of highly-publicized incidents involving gun violence in the Montreal area.
Most recently, a 20-year-old man died following gunfire in Montreal's Anjou borough the evening of Thursday, December 2. Montreal police say it was the city's 32nd homicide of the year. A second victim, a 17-year-old male, also sustained minor injuries.
The shooting death of 16-year-old Thomas Trudel on November 14, Montreal's 31st homicide of 2021, also led to widespread outcry and renewed calls for a crackdown on gun violence in the city.
The SPVM is hosting a forum on gun violence with community stakeholders in January.
A 20-Year-Old Man Has Died Following Gunfire In Montreal - MTL ... ›
A Shooting In Montreal On Wednesday Night Left A 33-Year-Old Dead - MTL Blog ›
A 17-Year-Old Was Shot & Killed In Montreal's Plateau - MTL Blog ›
Quebec City Police Believe An Officer Committed A Crime During Recent Violent Incidents
Several investigations are underway.
Sécurité publique de la Ville de Québec | Facebook, Aladin66 | Dreamstime
This article contains graphic content that might not be suitable for some readers.
New details have come out in the investigation of a series of high-profile incidents involving Quebec City police. According to the Service de police de la Ville de Québec (SPVQ), investigators "have reasonable grounds to believe" that one of the officers allegedly implicated in the incidents committed a criminal act.
The SPVQ said in a December 6 press release that it had referred investigations to the Ministry of Public Security. Given what the SPVQ called the "exceptional nature" of the situation, the province's independent police investigation bureau, the Bureau des enquêtes indépendantes (BEI), is now also involved.
#ENQUETE | Mise \u00e0 jour concernant l'enqu\u00eate interne \u00e9volutive | Pour plus de d\u00e9tails : https://bit.ly/3osnzUz
— Service de police de la Ville de Qu\u00e9bec (@Service de police de la Ville de Qu\u00e9bec) 1638802769
The Quebec City police force previously confirmed it was conducting an internal investigation into the two incidents.
Already, five officers have been suspended after a video of a violent arrest of two Black individuals circulated on social media in late November. The video depicts a group of officers dragging and beating the individuals, at least one of whom is a teenager. One officer appears to kick snow into the teen's face while pinning him down.
The SPVQ has reportedly insisted that the individuals were resisting arrest.
Three of those five officers were involved in another incident in which one person was reportedly injured by police at a restaurant on the same night the video of the violent arrest was taken.
Quebec City police say their internal investigation "that encompasses all of these allegations" is ongoing. The force also says it's collaborating with the police ethics commissioner.
Videos of the two incidents involving Quebec City police have led to widespread outcry, including in the National Assembly. Québec Solidaire spokesperson Gabriel Nadeau-Dubois has said the arrest of the two teens "has all the signs of a case of racial profiling."
5 Quebec Police Officers Were Suspended After A Video Of A ... ›
A Quebec Comedian Cancelled Shows Over The Violent Arrest Of A Black Teen In Quebec City
Comedian Eddy King was supposed to put on a show for public servants in Quebec City.
@iloveeddyking | Instagram
Quebec comedian Eddy King has cancelled a set of shows in Quebec City on November 30 following the violent arrest of a Black teenager by local police. In a statement posted to social media, King called police actions "heinous."
"Unfortunately, given the serious incident involving the SPVQ that we all witnessed this weekend, it is impossible in my soul and conscience to give these performances knowing that these heinous acts are still not subject to sanctions at this time," King wrote.
A widely circulated video shows the forceful arrest of 18-year-old Pacifique Niyokwizera. Officers are shown beating the teenager and kicking snow in his face while he is on the ground.
The SPVQ has since suspended five officers. On November 28, Quebec Deputy Premier Geneviève Guilbault said an investigation into the incident was underway.
King had planned to perform for public servants and city volunteers in Quebec City.
"Like the rest of Quebec, I am still in shock from the images I saw and I don't have the heart to make people laugh in this context," he said, expressing his "discomfort" at potentially performing in front of members of the SPVQ, who are part of the city's public service.
King says that he spoke with new Quebec City Mayor Bruno Marchand about the incident and was pleased that Marchand "took his time to listen to me."
"I would also like to emphasize that, despite this horrible event, I still have as much love for the city of Quebec and its friendly public," said King.
5 Quebec Police Officers Were Suspended After A Video Of A Forceful Arrest Went Viral
Another internal investigation has been opened and three of the suspended police officers are involved.
Sécurité publique de la Ville de Québec | Facebook
While a video circulating social media networks of the violent arrest of 18-year-old Black youth Pacifique Niyokwizera has shaken the province, the Service de police de la Ville de Québec (SPVQ) announced that five Quebec police officers have been suspended.
"Following the events that occurred on the night of November 26 to 27, 2021, and as part of our ongoing investigation, the management of the SPVQ wishes to communicate the decision to suspend 5 police officers involved in the events," the SPVQ wrote on its official Twitter account on November 30.
#INTERVENTION | \u00c0 la suite des \u00e9v\u00e9nements survenus dans la nuit du 26 au 27 novembre 2021 et dans le cadre de notre enqu\u00eate \u00e9volutive, la direction du SPVQ tient \u00e0 communiquer la d\u00e9cision de suspendre 5 policiers impliqu\u00e9s dans les \u00e9v\u00e9nements.
Subsequently, the SPVQ explained that another internal investigation "was initiated by the professional standards unit for an intervention in a licensed establishment in the Sainte-Foy area in the evening of November 26."
#INTERVENTION | Nous vous informons \u00e9galement qu\u2019une deuxi\u00e8me enqu\u00eate interne a \u00e9t\u00e9 initi\u00e9e par le Module des normes professionnelles pour une intervention dans un \u00e9tablissement licenci\u00e9 du secteur de Sainte-Foy dans la soir\u00e9e du 26 novembre.
Sandra Dion, a spokesperson for the SPVQ, told Narcity that the events took place in the Italian brewery Portofino located in Quebec's Sainte-Foy area.
According to the Journal de Montréal, a customer was hit by police officers in the face and ribs, resulting in a concussion and a fractured nose for the victim.
"There are two events, therefore two internal investigations opened. The two events are not linked, it's just that of the five suspended police officers three police officers were present for both events," Dion said.
The investigation into the arrest of Pacifique Niyokwizera began on November 27 after the video was widely shared on social networks.
A GoFundMe was recently set up for this young man. "Pacifique Niyokwizera was yet another victim of a system in which systemic racism is rampant," it reads. At the time of writing this article, over $21,000 had been raised for Niyokwizera.
The conclusion of the second internal investigation should reveal new information — this article will be updated as necessary.
A Retired Quebec Police Officer Was Arrested For Allegedly Leaking ... ›
All Quebec Police Officers Will Now Have To Undergo Training To 'Counter' Racial Profiling - MTL Blog ›
Quebec City Police Believe An Officer Committed A Crime During Recent Violent Incidents - MTL Blog ›


Dirt racing photo's coming to you from dirt tracks all across the South. Dirt Racing Photo's is aka PhotobyConnie.com & Putnam Photography. I mainly shoot Super Late Models but also do special requests from other classes. I do freelance race photography and media coverage for DirtonDirt and several more racing news outlets. If you see a photo that you'd like to order, just get the file name of the photo (it's underneath it) and email me at connieputnam@gmail.com with the size(s) that you want and I'll give you the price(s). Prints start at $2.00 (4x6).


Do some research on what others charge in your area. I am in Australia so I have no idea what is a fair price. We also have government rebates for approved child care.
Looking to buy a convertible carseat, any suggestions?
1st birthday party - What food? What gifts to take home?
All opinions and feed back is APPRECIATED!!!
Want a stay at home job right away! Help!


text:
Apple Watch – Apple's Next Chapter
It's no surprise that people pay attention when Apple launches a new product. Just like how the iPhone and iPad revolutionise the phone and tablet market respectively, Apple's first foray to the wearable market have drawn significant attention.
The iWatch introduces a "digital crown" which acts as a control for the watch. Users can use the dial to interact and control the Watch, while not obscuring the display. You can scroll, zoom or press it to return to the home screen. It's rather brilliant to leverage on the crown as a control interface as it has always been part of an analog watch mechanism.
However, I wonder how does the watch work for left-handlers who wear their watch on their RIGHT wrist? The crown is in the wrong place!
The standard smart watch features apply. Users can receive app notifications and even draw sketches. It is also highlighted as a fitness tracker. It has a pedometer, accelerometer as well as heart rate sensors that will track vital health statistics. In addition, the Apple Watch also has built-in Near Field Communications technology that can be used for Apple Payment, the tech giant's new e-payment system. From an ecosystem perspective, this could revolutionize payment as to how the App Store revolutionize mobile software market place.
The next unique feature is that the Apple Watch comes in two sizes – 38mm and 42mm. This will help it tailor to the female and also Asian market with smaller wrist sizes. Watches are a fashion statement and to wear an oversized watch just doesn't exude coolness. Good move by Apple.
On the hardware front, the Apple Watch has a plug-less design, and will be recharged with a special MagSafe-style magnetic attachment that connects to the underside of the device. No wireless charging support though. In addition, Apple did not indicate the battery life for its watch, but CEO Tim Cook did mention charging at night, suggesting it might only last a day. In line with Android Wear watches. Personally, I find the design rather boring, it looks like a traditional smart watch and the silicone sport bands are plain ugly. Having seen the sleeker Moto 360, Asus Zen, and LG G Watch R announced recently, expectations on Apple Watch looks are unfortunately higher.
For all the talk on Apple poaching Tag Heuer senior executive Patrick Pruniaux, there have not been significant improvements on the design front.
The Apple Watch will require a connection with an iPhone and supports up to iPhone 5. This means current iPhone 5 and 5S users can use the Apple Watch. Android users are obviously out of luck.
The watch comes in three editions – Apple Watch (stainless steel case), Apple Watch Sport (aluminium case) and Apple Watch Edition (18-karat gold case). Easily changeable straps are also available, ranging from silicone sport band to stainless steel link bracelet.
The Apple Watch will also be available in two sizes – 38mm and 42mm. The watch will start from US$349 (S$440) and will only be available early 2015. We should see a similar release time in Singapore for the Apple Watch. At least Android users like me have a number of existing options.
Gadgets, Wearables
Apple, iOS
Kickoff: How to Watch BPL Online
iPhone 6 Pre-Order Singapore from 12 Sep


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Humanitarian Action, Response and Relief
0:14Skip to 0 minutes and 14 secondsJust like Pakistan, Bangladesh is a nation prone to natural hazards. Between 1980 and 2008 Bangladesh experienced 219 natural disasters - causing more than $16 billion in damage, loss of human life, and long-lasting effects on society and the environment. There's a conceptual model, or framework, that helps us understand why the disasters happened. And it can be replicated in regions throughout the world. This is the Pressure and Release model, or PAR for short. We have hazards but when we consider these hazards in the context of vulnerability, we can better understand risk as the basis for disaster. In the PAR model, there are three stages of vulnerability.
1:01Skip to 1 minute and 1 secondThese are: Root Causes, Dynamic Pressures, and Unsafe Conditions. Together, they are called The Progression of Vulnerability. Let's first consider Root Causes. This relates to the basic social, economic, and political factors that can give rise to vulnerability to hazards – leading to disasters. As a developing nation, the population of Bangladesh has limited access to resources. There may also be limited access to political power, which may work against sections of the population earning a livelihood. And, in Bangladesh, nearly 40 per cent of the country's population live in poverty. Often these root causes are ignored by decision makers. Now, let's consider the 'Dynamic Pressures' affecting that society.
2:02Skip to 2 minutes and 2 secondsFor countries like Bangladesh, these include macro forces such as population growth, rapid urbanisation, deforestation and soil erosion and there are many more. Beyond this, we also have 'deficiencies', like a lack of institutions providing services such as health care and education. Other deficiencies in Bangladesh range from poor regulation of river systems, to inadequate education about early warning systems. Then there are the negative effects of debt repayments on the ability of countries like Bangladesh to develop and it is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. These dynamic pressures exacerbate and focus the underlying root causes, which are then manifested by more specific unsafe conditions. These Unsafe Conditions include a 'fragile physical environment', dangerous locations and exposed buildings.
3:03Skip to 3 minutes and 3 secondsWe can also include fragile local economies and vulnerable groups here, too. And a lack of public actions and disaster preparedness. Plus, there's the presence of endemic diseases to consider. These unsafe conditions leave a society vulnerable to various hazards. Bangladesh experiences cyclones, monsoons, storm surges, floods, earthquakes, droughts, arsenic contamination of groundwater, tornados and landslides. They have all caused significant problems. Much of the country is low-lying – exposing it to regular flooding. And its rural communities are ill equipped to deal with disaster. Storm events force many families to abandon their homes and livestock. Crops are regularly devastated, and livelihoods wrecked. These people often migrate to cities, finding themselves living in unsafe conditions in slums, and contributing to increased vulnerability.
4:09Skip to 4 minutes and 9 secondsSo, let's return to our simple equation as one way of understanding the causes and contributors to disaster. Risk is a combination of a hazard with people's vulnerability. But we also need to consider a county's capacity to withstand with a hazard. If we can improve capacity – through regulation and standards and an effective disaster plan - then we can reduce the risk. Unless we improve capacity and reduce vulnerability the only response to a disaster in countries like Bangladesh, can be to pick up the pieces afterwards.
How do disasters happen?
Watch the video explaining how disasters happen. Make a note of the reasons why disasters happens.
(Wisner et al., 2004: 51) introduced a model framework to explain how disasters happen, calling it the Pressure And Release (PAR) model.
(Click to expand)
The PAR model seeks to explain how the intersection of unsafe conditions and hazards creates social vulnerability (Cutter 1996: 534). Cutter reinforces this concept, introduced by (Blaikie et al. 1994), providing an example model for hunger analysis, created by Watts and Bohle (1993). Their hunger analysis framework supports the argument that political, social and financial conditions can determine vulnerability, risk and capacity and can be linked to a disaster incidence indirectly (Cutter 1996: 534).
Watts and Bohle (1993) view vulnerability as three processes; entitlement, empowerment and political economy. They argue that the interaction of these three processes 'produces the social space of vulnerability' (Cutter 1996: 534). Drawing on other models of vulnerability, Cutter and Solecki (1989) modelled the 'hazards of place' framework, which she argues heavily emphasises 'locality' and incorporates a temporal or time element (Cutter 1996: 536).
Within this framework, risk is seen as having two domains; the potential sources of risk and the contextual nature of the risk itself (Cutter 1996: 536). The 'hazards of place' model appears to be a more elaborate and detailed version of the risk equation, as it considers mitigation efforts, but according to Cutter (1995: 537), unlike the risk equation, the 'hazard of place' model filters the hazard element 'through the social fabric of society to determine the social vulnerability of the place'.
Similarly, frameworks have been introduced which measure resilience, incorporating both vulnerability levels and capacity levels. The Disaster Resilience Of Place (DROP) model evaluates how resilient communities are at the local level (Cutter et al. 2008: 598). These models, which promote the value of local and indigenous knowledge, have become increasingly more common. People living in hazard-prone areas have been doing so for centuries and have 'inevitably, devised their own methods for protecting themselves and their livelihoods' (Twigg 2004: 131).
Tying this local knowledge and experience to outside interventions will help to build the most effective and efficient strategies for these communities to cope with hazard and disaster risk.
Local solutions to famine in Ethiopia in 1985 were seen as the backbone of the response, as opposed to outside intervention, which was only required at the last stages of the famine, after local communities had exhausted all their options (World Disasters Report 1993: 45-48).
Your task
Watch the above video explaining why disasters happen.
Share your thoughts and reasons to why disasters happen in the discussion area.
Blaikie. P., Cannon, T., Davis, I., and Wisner, B. (1994) At risk: Natural hazards, people's vulnerability, and disasters. Routledge: London.
Cutter, S.L. (1996) Vulnerability to Environmental Hazards. Progress in Human Geography. 20 (4). 529-539.
Cutter, S.L. and Solecki, W.D. (1989) The national pattern of airborne toxic releases. The Professional Geographer 41, 149-61.
International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, (1993) World Disasters Report, 1995. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
Twigg, J., (2004). Disaster risk reduction: mitigation and preparedness in development and emergency programming. [online] Overseas Development Institute (ODI). Accessed from: http://lib.riskreductionafrica.org/bitstream/handle/123456789/1453/good%20practice% Accessed on: [8 May 2019]
Watts, M., & Bohle, H. (1993). Hunger, Famine and the Space of Vulnerability. GeoJournal, 30(2), 117-125. [online] Accessed from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/41145732 Accessed on: [8 May 2019]
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P.M., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (2004) At Risk. Natural Hazards, People's Vulnerability and Disasters, Routledge..
Wisner, B., Blaikie, P., Cannon, T., Davis, I. (1994) At Risk: Natural Hazards; People's Vulnerability and Disasters. Routledge, London
How Does the Body Use DNA as a Blueprint?
Get an introduction to the basics of molecular biology, and how DNA code works.
People Studying People: Research Ethics in Society
Explore the value of ethical thinking for research, using an ethical appraisal framework to develop and evaluate studies.
Career Management for Early Career Academic Researchers
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Home Areas of interest Human factor
Introducing vessel train operations in the existing waterborne transport system will improve working conditions for people working in the transport chain and on board the vessel train. Therefore, the need for well-designed automation and human machine interfaces in combination with newly defined skills can be expected. NOVIMAR will research these aspects.
Opportunities erasing from vessel train operations
Vessel train operations offer opportunities for increasing the sailing time of ships as control of follower vessels is handed over to the leader vessel. It then depends on whether the follower vessel is manned or unmanned. If they remain manned during the transit, crews on the follower vessels can spend their time to take some rest or to perform other tasks such as maintenance, whilst the leader vessel navigates the vessel train to its destination.
It can be expected that technology will create a further move towards fully integrated shipborne navigation and platform systems connected to shore support systems. Remote monitoring of critical shipborne systems like propulsion will provide opportunities to reduce crew sizes to an acceptable minimum and on the other hand will create new jobs to operate these shore support systems.
Handing over the control of a follower vessel creates a shift of responsibilities and workload to the crew of the leader vessel. Compared to the situation when a ship is towed by a tug boat this is not a new mechanism, however the vessel train is operated by remote control operations. This will require much attention of the leader vessels crew as each follower ship must be told "what to do". In order to limit their workload, support from well-designed automation and human machine interfaces must be available.
Further this type of supervision will be different from the activity performed today, where only one vessel is driven, and "directly", i.e. with a classical steering system and wheel.
Vessel train crews can be confronted with stress due to the larger consequences in case of something going wrong: the supervising crew will be responsible for all the followers. In such situations compared to the today situation with only one ship, the consequence will be multiplied by the number of ships. Hence, ways to reduce this stress will be investigated.
Procedures for special manoeuvres like passing locks or berthing alongside a quay are needed to support the vessel train operations. When pre-planned the vessel train crew may rely on shore support organisations; for unplanned situations solutions will be researched.
Based on the outcome of the most promising water transport system, required skills will be identified.
Involved partners
Progress summary of the 4th General Assembly
A look inside the Vessel Train
Simulating the vessel train with DST
NOVIMAR 1st periodic review meeting successful


Journal of Intensive Care is an open access journal encompassing all aspects of intensive care medicine, such as intensive and critical care, trauma and surgical intensive care, pediatric intensive care, acute and emergency medicine, perioperative medicine, resuscitation, infection control and organ dysfunction. In addition, the journal encourages submissions considering the different cultural aspects of intensive care practice.
We are working closely with relevant indexing services including Web of Science (Thomson Reuters) to ensure that articles published in Journal of Intensive Care will be available in their databases when appropriate.


text:
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    resources :vouchers
  end
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Our Working Paper Series (WPS) disseminates economic research relevant to the various tasks and functions of the ECB, and provides a conceptual and empirical basis for policy-making. The Working Papers constitute "work in progress". They are published to stimulate discussion and contribute to the advancement of our knowledge of economic matters. They are addressed to experts, so readers should be knowledgeable in economics.
Availability: ECB Working Papers are available online only, get updated on latest Working Paper releases by RSS news feed.
We use cross-country microdata to analyse the risk taking of households in Europe and the US. Concerning the extensive as well as the intensive margin of risky assets, European households differ substantially from US households; but also inside Europe we document substantial differences. Furthermore, average risk aversion is strongly correlated with the share of households holding risky assets across countries. We decompose the observed differences into two parts. A part explainable by household characteristics as well as differences in risk aversion and a remainder. We employ the unexplained part resulting from our microeconometric decomposition analysis together with country-level variables on the economic environment to relate observed differences in risky asset holdings to institutional ones. We find that institutional differences such as shareholder protection are strongly correlated with the unexplainable differences with regard to holdings of risky assets.
We use firm-level survey data from 25 EU countries to analyse how firms adjust their labour costs (employment, wages and hours) in response to shocks. We develop a theoretical model to understand how firms choose between different ways to adjust their labour costs. The basic intuition is that firms choose the cheapest way to adjust labour costs. Our empirical findings are in line with the theoretical model and show that the pattern of adjustment is not much affected by the type of the shock (demand shock, access-to-finance shock, 'availability of supplies' shock), but differs according to the direction of the shock (positive or negative), its size and persistence. In 2010-13, firms responding to negative shocks were most likely to reduce employment, then hourly wages and then hours worked, regardless of the source of the shock. Results for the 2008-09 period indicate that the ranking might change during deep recession as the likelihood of wage cuts increases. In response to positive shocks in 2010-13, firms were more likely to increase wages, followed by increases in employment and then hours worked suggesting an asymmetric reaction to positive and negative shocks. Finally, we show that strict employment protection legislation and high centralisation or coordination of wage bargaining make it less likely that firms reduce wages when facing negative shocks.
This paper analyzes the impact of monetary policy on public debt sustainability through the lens of a general equilibrium model with fiscal limits. We find that the mere possibility of a binding ZLB may have detrimental effects on debt sustainability, as a kink in the Laffer curve induces a dead-weight loss in the present discounted value of future primary surpluses. Moreover, debt sustainability improves with monetary policy activeness, that is, with the elasticity of the interest rate to changes in inflation and the output gap. On this basis, we assess the trade-off between economic stabilization and debt sustainability depending on the monetary policy environment. In normal times, large public spending shocks may engender perverse debt dynamics and cause economic contractions. At the ZLB, a muted trade-off between stabilization and sustainability instead expands the fiscal margin, especially if coupled with a commitment to a more active monetary policy during normal times.
We assess the empirical validity of the trilemma (or impossible trinity) in the 2000s for a large sample of advanced and emerging economies. To do so, we estimate Taylor-rule type monetary policy reaction functions, relating the local policy rate to real-time forecasts of domestic fundamentals, global variables, as well as the base-country policy rate. In the regressions, we explore variations in the sensitivity of local to base-country policy rates across different degrees of exchange rate flexibility and capital controls. We find that the data are in general consistent with the predictions from the trilemma: Both exchange rate flexibility and capital controls reduce the sensitivity of local to base-country policy rates. However, we also find evidence that is consistent with the notion that the financial channel of exchange rates highlighted in recent work reduces the extent to which local policymakers decide to exploit the monetary autonomy in principle granted by flexible exchange rates in specific circumstances: The sensitivity of local to base-country policy rates for an economy with a flexible exchange rate is stronger when it exhibits negative foreign-currency exposures which stem from portfolio debt and bank liabilities on its external balance sheet and when base-country monetary policy is tightened. The intuition underlying this finding is that it may be optimal for local monetary policy to mimic the tightening of base-country monetary policy and thereby mute exchange rate variation because a depreciation of the local currency would raise the cost of servicing and rolling over foreign-currency debt and bank loans, possibly up to a point at which financial stability is put at risk.
We develop a new theory of information production during credit booms. In our model, entrepreneurs need credit to undertake investment projects, some of which enable them to divert resources towards private consumption. Lenders can protect themselves from such diversion in two ways: collateralization and costly screening, which generates durable information about projects. In equilibrium, the collateralization-screening mix depends on the value of aggregate collateral. High collateral values raise investment and economic activity, but they also raise collateralization at the expense of screening. This has important dynamic implications. During credit booms driven by high collateral values (e.g. real estate booms), the economy accumulates physical capital but depletes information about investment projects. As a result, collateral-driven booms end in deep crises and slow recoveries: when booms end, investment is constrained both by the lack of collateral and by the lack of information on existing investment projects, which takes time to rebuild. We provide new empirical evidence using US firm-level data in support of the model's main mechanism.
We examine gender differences in career progression and promotions in central banking, a stereotypical male-dominated occupation, using confidential anonymized personnel data from the European Central Bank (ECB) during the period 2003-2017. A wage gap emerges between men and women within a few years of hiring, despite broadly similar entry conditions in terms of salary levels and other observables. We also find that women are less likely to be promoted to a higher salary band up until 2010 when the ECB issued a public statement supporting diversity and took several measures to support gender balance. Following this change, the promotion gap disappears. The gender promotion gap prior to this policy change is partly driven by the presence of children. Using 2012-2017 data on promotion applications and decisions, we explore the promotion process in depth, and confirm that during this most recent period women are as likely to be promoted as men. This results from a lower probability of women to apply for promotion, combined with a higher probability of women to be selected conditional on having applied. Following promotion, women perform better in terms of salary progression, suggesting that the higher probability to be selected is based on merit, not positive discrimination.
We assess the impact of the corporate sector purchase programme (CSPP), the corporate arm of the ECB's quantitative easing, over its first year of activity (June 2016 - June 2017). Focusing on the primary bond market, we find evidence of a significant impact of the CSPP on yield spreads, both directly on purchased and targeted bonds and indirectly on all other bonds.The magnitude and the timing of the changes in yield spreads, coupled with the evolution of bond placements, are fully consistent with the proper unfolding the portfolio rebalancing channel.
Central banks have used different types of forward guidance, where the forward guidance horizon is related to a state contingency, a calendar date or left open-ended. This paper reports cross-country evidence on the impact of these different types of forward guidance on the sensitivity of bond yields to macroeconomic news, and on forecaster disagreement about the future path of interest rates. We show that forward guidance mutes the response to macroeconomic news in general, but that calendar-based forward guidance with a short horizon counterintuitively raises it. Using a model where agents learn from market signals, we show that the release of more precise public information about future rates lowers the informativeness of market signals and, as a consequence, may increase uncertainty and amplify the reaction of expectations to macroeconomic news. However, when the increase in precision of public information is sufficiently large, uncertainty is unambiguously reduced.
While the consequences and effectiveness of IMF conditionality have long been the focus of research, the possible negative impact of IMF conditionality on countries' willingness to ask for an IMF programme – often termed 'IMF stigma' – has recently received attention particularly from policy circles. In this paper we investigate how countries' past experience with the IMF and their peers' experience with the IMF affect their likelihood of entering a subsequent IMF arrangement. Our results indicate that, even when controlling for the success of past programmes, a country is less likely to approach the IMF for help if in the past it experienced an above-average number of disbursement-relevant conditions. We find hardly any impact of peers' experience, except for Asian countries.
The paper proposes a framework for assessing the impact of system-wide and bank-level capital buffers. The assessment rests on a factor-augmented vector autoregression (FAVAR) model that relates individual bank adjustments to macroeconomic dynamics. We estimate FAVAR models individually for eleven euro area economies and identify structural shocks, which allow us to diagnose key vulnerabilities of national banking systems and estimate short-run economic costs of increasing banks' capitalisation. On this basis, we run a fully-fledged cost-benefit assessment of an increase in capital buffers. The benefits are related to an increase in bank resilience to adverse shocks. Higher capitalisation allows banks to withstand negative shocks and moderates the reduction of credit to the real economy that ensues in adverse circumstances. The costs relate to transitory credit and output losses that are assessed both on an aggregate and bank level. An increase in capital ratios is shown to have a sharply different impact on credit and economic activity depending on the way banks adjust, i.e. via changes in assets or equity.
We analyse the interaction between monetary and macroprudential policies in the euro area by means of a two-country DSGE model with financial frictions and cross-border spillover effects. We calibrate the model for the four largest euro area countries (i.e. Germany, France, Italy, and Spain), with particular attention to the calibration of cross-country financial and trade linkages and country specific banking sector characteristics. We find that countercyclical macroprudential interventions are supportive of mon-etary policy conduct through the cycle. This complementarity is significantly reinforced when there are asymmetric financial cycles across the monetary union, which provides a case for targeted country-specific macroprudential policies to help alleviate the burden on monetary policy. At the same time, our findings point to the importance of taking into account cross-border spillover effects of macroprudential measures within the Monetary Union.
Through the euro area crisis, financial fragmentation across jurisdictions became a prime concern for the single monetary policy. The ECB broadened the scope of its instruments and enacted a series of non-standard measures to engineer an appropriate degree of policy accommodation. The transmission of these measures through the currency union remained highly dependent on the financial structure and conditions prevailing in various regions. This paper explores the country-specific macroeconomic transmission of selected non-standard measures from the ECB using a global DSGE model with a rich financial sector: we extend the six-region multi-country model of Darracq Pariès et al. (2016), introducing credit and exchange rate channels for central bank asset purchases. The portfolio rebalancing frictions are calibrated to match the sovereign yield and exchange rate responses after ECB's Asset Purchase Programme (APP) first announcement. The domestic transmission of the APP through the credit intermediation chain is significant and quite heterogenous across the largest euro area countries. The introduction of global portfolio frictions on euro area government bond holdings by international investors opens up for a larger depreciation of the euro. The interaction between international and domestic channels affect the magnitude and the cross-country distribution of the APP impact.
This paper employs an aggregate representation of an overlapping generation (OLG) model quantifying a decrease of the natural real interest rate in the range of -1.7 and -0.4 percentage points in the euro area between 1990 and 2030 due to demographics alone. Two channels contribute to this downward impact: the increasing scarcity of effective labor input and the increasing willingness to save by individuals due to longer life expectancy. The decrease of the aggregate saving rate as individuals retire has an upward impact which is never strong enough. Mitigating factors are: higher substitutability between labor and capital, higher intertemporal elasticity of substitution in consumption, reforms aiming at increasing the relative productivity of older cohorts, the participation rate and the retirement age. The simulated path of the natural real interest rate is consistent with recent econometric estimates: an upward trend in the 70s and 80s and a prolonged decline afterward.
We estimate the natural rate of interest for the US and the euro area in a semi-structural model comprising a Taylor rule. Our estimates feature key elements of Laubach and Williams (2003), but are more consistent with using conventional policy rules: we model inflation to be stationary, with the output gap pinning down deviations of inflation from its objective (rather than relative to a random walk). We relax some constraints on the correlation of latent factor shocks to make the original unobserved-components framework more amenable to structural interpretation and to reduce filtering uncertainty. We show that resulting natural rate metrics are more consistent with estimates from structural models.
We analyze the pledging behavior of Euro area banks during the introduction of the liquidity coverage ratio (LCR). The LCR considers only a subset of central bank eligible assets and thereby offers banks an arbitrage opportunity to improve their regulatory ratio by altering their collateral pledging with the European Central Bank. We use the existence of national liquidity requirements to proxy for banks' incentives to exploit this differential treatment of central bank eligible assets. Using security-level information on collateral pledged with the central bank, we find that banks without a preceding national liquidity requirement pledge more and less liquid collateral than banks with a preceding national liquidity requirement after the LCR introduction. We attribute the difference across banks to a preparation effect of the liquidity regulation on the national level.
This paper explores a natural connection between fiscal multipliers and foreign holdings of public debt. Although fiscal expansions can raise domestic economic activity through various channels, they can also have crowding-out effects if the resources used to acquire public debt reduce domestic consumption and investment. These crowding-out effects are likely to be weaker when governments have access to foreign markets to place their debt, increasing the size of multipliers. We test this hypothesis on (i) post-war US data and (ii) data for a panel of 17 advanced economies from the 1980's to the present. To do so, we assemble a novel database of public debt holdings by domestic and foreign creditors for a large set of advanced economies. We combine this data with standard measures of fiscal policy shocks and show that, indeed, the size of fiscal multipliers is increasing in the share of public debt held by foreigners. In particular, the fiscal multiplier is smaller than one when the foreign share is low, such as in the U.S. in the 1950's and 1960's and Japan today, and larger than one when the foreign share is high, such as in the U.S. and Ireland today.
This paper uses representative individual household data from Luxembourg to evaluate how severe economic conditions could affect bank exposure to the household sector. Information on household income, expenses and liquid assets are used to calculate household-specific probabilities of default (PD), aggregate bank exposure at default (EAD) and aggregate bank loss given default (LGD). The exercise is repeated with scenarios combining severe but plausible shocks to real estate prices, bonds and stocks, household income and interest rates. Compared to the no-shock baseline, the LGD rises by a multiple of eight, reaching 4.2% of total bank exposure to the household sector. The high-stress scenario also generates a relatively high percentage of defaults among socio-economically disadvantaged households. Our main conclusion is that bank losses appear to be quite sensitive to financial stress, despite three mitigating factors in Luxembourg: indebted households tend to hold liquid assets that can help smooth shocks, household leverage tends to decline rapidly once mortgages have been serviced several years, and loan-to-value ratios at origination appear not to be excessive.
We examine the degree of market power in the big four countries of the euro area using macro and firm-micro data. We focus on three main indicators of market power in and across countries: namely, the concentration ratios, the markup and the degree of economic dynamism. For the macro database we use the sectoral data of KLEMs and for the micro data we use a combination of Orbis and iBACH (dating from 2006 onwards). We find that, in contrast to the situation in the US, market power metrics have been relatively stable over recent years and – in terms of the markup specifically – marginally trending down since the late 1990s, driven largely by Manufacturing. In terms of the debate as to the merits of market concentration, we find (relying on results for Manufacturing) that firms in sectors which exhibit high concentration, but are categorized as 'high tech' users, generally have higher TFP growth rates. By contrast, markups tend to display a bi-modal distribution when looked at through the lens of high concentration and high tech usage. These results would tend to confirm that the rise in market power documented for other economies is not obviously a euro area phenomenon and that welfare and policy analysis of market concentration is inevitably complex.
This paper establishes some stylized facts of the long run relationship between growth and labor shares using historical data for the United States (1898-2010), the United Kingdom (1856-2010), and France (1896-2010). Performing individual country time-frequency analysis, we demonstrate the existence of long-term cycles in labor share of thirty to fifty years explaining a major part of the variance in the data. Further, the impact of labor share on growth changes sign with the frequency considered from negative at high frequencies to positive at low frequencies. Finally, the positive coefficient associated with the labor share at low frequencies increases over time.
We analyse the importance of macroeconomic information, such as industrial production index and oil price, for forecasting daily electricity prices in two of the main European markets, Germany and Italy. We do that by means of mixed-frequency models, introducing a Bayesian approach to reverse unrestricted MIDAS models (RU-MIDAS). We study the forecasting accuracy for different horizons (from 1 day ahead to 28 days ahead) and by considering different specifications of the models. We find gains around 20% at short horizons and around 10% at long horizons. Therefore, it turns out that the macroeconomic low frequency variables are more important for short horizons than for longer horizons. The benchmark is almost never included in the model confidence set.
We assess how a major, unconventional central bank intervention, Draghi's "whatever it takes" speech, affected lending conditions. Similar to other large interventions, it responded to adverse financial and macroeconomic developments that also influenced the supply and demand for credit. We avoid such endogeneity concerns by focusing on a third country and comparing lending conditions by euro area and other banks to the same borrower. We show that the intervention reversed prior risk-taking – in volume, price, and loan credit ratings – by subsidiaries of euro area banks relative to local and other foreign banks. Our results document a new effect of large central banks' interventions and are robust along many dimensions.
Baumann, Ursel, Lodge, David, Miescu, Mirela S.
This paper compares the role of monetary and fiscal policy shocks in advanced and emerging economies. Using a model with a hierarchical structure we capture the variability of GDP response to policy shocks both between and within the groups of advanced and emerging countries. Our results provide evidence that fiscal policy effects are heterogeneous across countries, with higher multipliers in advanced economies compared to emerging markets, while monetary policy is found to have more homogeneous effects on GDP. We then quantify the policy contribution on GDP growth in the last decade by means of a structural counterfactual analysis based on conditional forecasts. We find that global GDP growth benefited from substantial policy support during the global financial crisis but policy tightening thereafter, particularly fiscal consolidation, acted as a significant drag on the subsequent global recovery. In addition we show that the role of policy has differed across countries. Specifically, in advanced economies, highly accommodative monetary policy has been counteracted by strong fiscal consolidation. By contrast, in emerging economies, monetary policy has been less accommodative since the global recession.
We derive the Green Golden Rule (GGR) in the Habit Formation (HF) and Anticipation of Future Consumption (AFC) frameworks. Since consumption is the key variable of GGR, time non-separabilities in preferences over consumption streams, given by the AFC and HF, may have important impacts on the environment and sustainability. We demonstrate that agents who smooth their consumption patterns, according to the HF hypothesis, are more likely to preserve the environment than those who anticipate future consumption or who do not so smooth consumption.
We analyze the role of economic and security considerations in bilateral trade agreements. We use the pre-World War I period to test whether trade agreements are governed by pecuniary factors, such as distance and other frictions measured by gravity covariates, or by geopolitical factors. While there is support for both hypotheses, we find that defense pacts boost the probability of trade agreements by as much as 20 percentage points. Our estimates imply that were the U.S. to alienate its geopolitical allies, the likelihood and benefits of successful bilateral agreements would fall significantly. Trade creation from an agreement between the U.S. and E.U. countries would decline by about 0.6 percent of total U.S. exports.
How do housing bubbles affect other economic sectors? We show that in the presence of collateral constraints, a bubble initially raises housing credit demand and crowds out credit to non-housing firms. If the bubble lasts, however, housing credit repayments raise banks' net worth and expand credit supply, so that crowding-out eventually gives way to crowding-in. This is consistent with evidence from the recent Spanish housing bubble. Initially, credit growth of non-housing firms was lower at banks with higher bubble exposure, and firms relying on these banks exhibited lower credit and output growth. During the bubble's last years, these effects reversed.
This paper presents empirical evidence of the role of financial conditions in China's business cycle. We estimate a Bayesian-VAR for the Chinese economy, incorporating a financial conditions index for China that captures movements across a range of financial variables, including interest rates and interbank spreads, bond returns, and credit and equity flows. We impose sign restrictions on the impulse response functions to identify shocks to financial conditions and shocks to monetary policy. The model suggests that monetary policy, credit and financial conditions have played an important role in shaping China's business cycle. Using conditional scenarios, we examine the role of credit in shaping economic outcomes in China over the past decade. Those scenarios underscore the important role of credit growth in supporting activity during the past decade, particularly the surge in credit following the global financial crisis in 2008. The financial tightening since the end of 2016 has contributed to a modest slowing of credit growth and activity.
Do negative policy rates hinder banks' transmission of monetary policy? To answer this question, we examine the behaviour of Italian mortgage lenders using a novel loan-level dataset. When policy rates turn negative, banks with higher ratios of retail overnight deposits to total assets charge more on new fixed rate mortgages. This suggests that the funding structure of banks may matter for the transmission of negative policy rates, especially for long-maturity illiquid assets. Nevertheless, the aggregate economic implications for households are small, suggesting that concerns about inefficient monetary policy transmission to households under modestly negative rates are likely overstated.
Using a novel regulatory dataset of fully identified derivatives transactions, this paper provides the first comprehensive analysis of the structure of the euro area interest rate swap (IRS) market after the start of the mandatory clearing obligation. Our dataset contains 1.7 million bilateral IRS transactions of banks and non-banks. Our key results are as follows: 1) The euro area IRS market is highly standardised and concentrated around the group of the G16 Dealers but also around a significant group of core "intermediaries" (and major CCPs). 2) Banks are active in all segments of the IRS euro market, whereas non-banks are often specialised. 3) When using relative net exposures as a proxy for the "flow of risk" in the IRS market, we find that risk absorption takes place in the core as well as the periphery of the network. 4) Among the Basel III capital and liquidity ratios, the leverage ratio plays a key role in determining a bank's IRS trading activity. 5) Also, after mandatory central clearing, there is still a large dispersion in IRS transaction prices, which is partly determined by bank characteristics, such as the leverage ratio.
We quantify the role of financial factors behind the sluggish post-crisis performance of European firms. We use a firm-bank-sovereign matched database to identify separate roles for firm and bank balance sheet weaknesses arising from changes in sovereign risk and aggregate demand conditions. We find that firms with higher debt levels and a higher share of short-term debt reduce their investment more after the crisis. This negative effect is stronger for firms linked to weak banks with exposures to sovereign risk, signifying increased rollover risk. These financial channels explain about 60% of the decline in aggregate corporate investment.
This paper explores the connection between "zombie" firms (firms that would typically exit in a competitive market) and bank health and the consequences for aggregate productivity in 11 European countries. Controlling for cyclical effects, the results show that zombie firms are more likely to be connected to weak banks, suggesting that the zombie firm problem in Europe may at least partly stem from bank forbearance. The increasing survival of zombie firms congests markets and constrains the growth of more productive firms, to the detriment of aggregate productivity growth. Our results suggest that around one-third of the impact of zombie congestion on capital misallocation can be directly attributed to bank health and additional analysis suggests that this may partly be due to reduced availability of credit to healthy firms. Finally, improvements in bank health are more likely to be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of zombie firms in countries where insolvency regimes do not unduly inhibit corporate restructuring. Thus, leveraging the important complementarities between bank strengthening efforts and insolvency regime reform would contribute to breaking the shackles on potential growth in Europe.
Interbank money markets have been subject to substantial impairments in the recent decade, such as a decline in unsecured lending and substantial increases in haircuts on posted collateral. This paper seeks to understand the implications of these developments for the broader economy and monetary policy. To that end, we develop a novel general equilibrium model featuring heterogeneous banks, interbank markets for both secured and unsecured credit, and a central bank. The model features a number of occasionally binding constraints. The interactions between these constraints - in particular leverage and liquidity constraints - are key in determining macroeconomic outcomes. We find that both secured and unsecured money market frictions force banks to either divert resources into unproductive but liquid assets or to de-lever, which leads to less lending and output. If the liquidity constraint is very tight, the leverage constraint may turn slack. In this case, there are large declines in lending and output. We show how central bank policies which increase the size of the central bank balance sheet can attenuate this decline.
Both academic researchers and policymakers posit a unique role for the US in the inter-national financial system. This paper investigates the characteristics and determinants of US cross-border financial flows and examines how these contrast with those of the rest of the world. We analyse the relative importance of US, country-specific, and global variables as determinants of aggregate and bilateral US financial flows and as determinants of country-level cross-border financial flows excluding those directly involving the US. Our results indicate that variation in US variables – notably the VIX and US dollar exchange rate – has a quantitatively important influence on global financial flows, but mostly via US cross-border flows. Global and national risk indicators perform better in explaining "rest of the world" flows. Moreover, we find that the correlation between US and rest of the world flows peaks in periods of elevated uncertainty. We interpret our findings as evidence for the existence of a global financial cycle, only some of which is driven by policies and events in the US.
This paper contributes to the debate on the macroeconomic effectiveness of expansionary non-standard monetary policy measures in a regulated banking environment. Based on an estimated DSGE model, we explore the interactions between central bank asset purchases and bank capital-based financial policies (regulatory, supervisory or macroprudential) through its influence on bank risk-shifting motives. We find that weakly-capitalised banks display excessive risk-taking which reinforces the credit easing channel of central bank asset purchases, at the cost of higher bank default probability and risks to financial stability. In such a case, adequate bank capital demand through higher minimum capital requirements curtails the excessive credit origination and restores a more efficient propagation of central bank asset purchases. As supervisors can formulate further capital demands, uncertainty about the supervisory oversight provokes precautionary motives for banks. They build-up extra capital buffer attenuating non-standard monetary policy. Finally, in a weakly-capitalised banking system, countercyclical macroprudential policy attenuates banks risk-taking and dampens the excessive persistence of the non-standard monetary policy impulse. On the contrary, in a well-capitalised banking system, macroprudential policy should look through the effects of central bank asset purchases on bank capital position, as the costs in terms of macroeconomic stabilisation seem to outweigh the marginal financial stability benefits.
We examine the link between issuer reputation and mortgage-backed security (MBS) performance using a sample of 4,247 European MBS issued between 1999 and 2007. We measure performance with credit rating downgrades and delinquencies and track their changes over the long term. We find that, overall, MBS sold by reputable issuers are collateralised by higher quality asset pools which have lower delinquency rates and are less likely to be downgraded. However, as credit standards declined during the boom period of 2005-2007, asset pools securitized by reputable issuers were of worse quality compared to those securitized by less reputable issuers. Therefore, reputation as a self-disciplining mechanism failed to incentivise the production of high quality securities during the credit boom.
This paper documents, for the first time in a systematic manner, the link between labor cost and price inflation in the euro area. Using country and sector quarterly data over the period 1985Q1-2018Q1 we find a strong link between labor cost and price inflation in the four major economies of the euro area and across the three main sectors. The dynamic interaction between prices and wages is time-varying and depends on the state of the economy and on the shocks hitting the economy. Our results show that it is more likely that labor costs are passed on to price inflation with demand shocks than with supply shocks. However, the pass-through is systematically lower in periods of low inflation as compared to periods of high inflation. These results confirm that, under circumstances of predominantly demand shocks, labor cost increases will be passed on to prices. Coming from a period of low inflation, however, this pass-through could be moderate at least until inflation stably reaches a sustained path.
We analyze the effect of bank capital requirements on the structure and risk of a financial system where markets, regulated banks, and shadow banks coexist. Banks face a moral hazard problem in screening entrepreneurs' projects, and they choose whether to be regulated or not. If regulated, a supervisor certifies their capital; if not, they have to rely on more expensive private certification. Under both risk-insensitive and risk-sensitive requirements, safer entrepreneurs borrow from the market and riskier entrepreneurs borrow from banks. But risk-insensitive (sensitive) requirements are especially costly for relatively safe (risky) entrepreneurs, which may shift from regulated to shadow banks.
We develop a dynamic structural model of bank behaviour that provides a microeconomic foundation for bank capital and liquidity structures and analyses the effects of changes in regulatory capital and liquidity requirements as well as their interaction. Our findings suggest that adjustments in both types of requirements can have an impact on loan supply, with considerable heterogeneity across banks and over time. The model illustrates that banks' reactions depend on initial balance sheet conditions and reconciles evidence on short-term reductions in loan supply with findings suggesting that better capitalized banks are better able to lend in the medium- to long-term.
Focussing on repo specialness premia, using ISIN-specific transaction-by-transaction data of one-day maturity repos, we document a gradual shift from cash- to securities-driven transactions in euro area repo markets over the period 2010-2018. Compared to earlier studies focussing only on specific sub-periods or market segments we extend, illustrate, and validate evidence on financial frictions that are relevant in driving repo premia: controlling for a comprehensive range of bond-market specific characteristics, we show that repo premia have been systematically affected by fragmentation in the sovereign space, bank funding stress, and safe asset scarcity. These channels exhibit very strong country-specific differences, as also reflected by large discrepancies in country-specific interest rates on General Collateral. To ensure robustness of our empirical findings, we apply panel econometric and data mining approaches in a complementary and mutually informative way.
This paper investigates the relationship between public and private wages in the five largest euro area countries for the period 1997-2017. The analysis shows that there exists a positive and significant response of private wages to a public wage shock. This effect is found to be temporary and to differ across countries (positive and significant in France, Spain, Italy and non-significant in Germany and the Netherlands). Interestingly, the response of private wages is found to be asymmetric: a positive and statistically significant response is found in case of a positive shock to public wages, while no statistically significant effects are detected in case of a cut to public wages. As the public wage containment policies adopted during the sovereign debt crisis are expected to be gradually lifted in several euro area countries, the findings of this paper suggest that knock-on effects on private sector wages cannot be excluded in the years to come.
This paper provides evidence on the strategic lending decisions made by banks facing a negative funding shock. Using bank-firm level credit data, we show that banks reallocate credit within their loan portfolio in at least three different ways. First, banks reallocate to sectors where they have a high market share. Second, they also reallocate to sectors in which they are more specialized. Third, they reallocate credit towards low-risk firms. These reallocation effects are economically large. A standard deviation increase in sector market share, sector specialization or firm soundness reduces the transmission of the funding shock to credit supply by 22, 8 and 10%, respectively.
We use a cross-country sample of monthly observations for quantitative easing (QE) treatments in order to study the causal effect of such policies on a large set of economic and financial outcome variables. We address potential endogeneity by re-randomising the sample and applying the augmented inverse probability weighting (AIPW) estimator. Our results show that QE policies do affect the central bank balance sheet and asset prices, in particular long term yields, equity prices and exchange rates in the expected direction. Most importantly, we find that QE policies lead to a sustained rise in the CPI and in inflation expectations. However, our findings suggest that the main transmission channel does not appear to be stronger aggregate demand impacting inflation through the Phillips curve, but rather exchange rate depreciation. Finally, we do not find any evidence for side effects and increases in risk taking following QE, with real house prices and real credit not increasing or falling, and no downward effect on stock market volatility.
We provide evidence that a weak banking sector has contributed to low productivity growth following the European sovereign debt crisis. An unexpected increase in capital requirements for a subset of Portuguese banks in 2011 provides a natural experiment to study the effects of reduced bank capital adequacy on productivity. Affected banks respond not only by cutting back on lending but also by reallocating credit to firms in financial distress with prior underreported loan loss provisioning. We develop a method to detect when banks delay loss reporting using detailed loan-level data. We then show that the credit reallocation leads to a reallocation of production factors across rms. A partial equilibrium exercise suggests that the resulting increase in factor misallocation accounts for 20% of the decline in productivity in Portugal in 2012.
The Eurosystem staff forecasts are conditional on the financial markets, the global economy and fiscal policy outlook, and include expert judgement. We develop a multi-country BVAR for the four largest countries of the euro area and we show that it provides accurate conditional forecasts of policy relevant variables such as, for example, consumer prices and GDP. The forecasting accuracy and the ability to mimic the path of the Eurosystem projections suggest that the model is a valid benchmark to assess the consistency of the projections with the conditional assumptions. As such, the BVAR can be used to identify possible sources of judgement, based on the gaps between the Eurosystem projections and the historical regularities captured by the model.
This paper studies the relationship between the business cycle and financial intermediation in the euro area. We establish stylized facts and study their stability during the global financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis. Long-term interest rates have been exceptionally high and long-term loans and deposits exceptionally low since the Lehman collapse. Instead, short-term interest rates and short-term loans and deposits did not show abnormal dynamics in the course of the financial and sovereign debt crisis.
We address the question to what extent a central bank can de-risk its balance sheet by unconventional monetary policy operations. To this end, we propose a novel risk measurement framework to empirically study the time-variation in central bank portfolio credit risks associated with such operations. The framework accommodates a large number of bank and sovereign counterparties, joint tail dependence, skewness, and time-varying dependence parameters. In an application to selected items from the consolidated Eurosystem's weekly balance sheet between 2009 and 2015, we find that unconventional monetary policy operations generated beneficial risk spill-overs across monetary policy operations, causing overall risk to be nonlinear in exposures. Some policy operations reduced rather than increased overall risk.
This paper presents a novel approach to investigate and model the network of euro area banks' large exposures within the global banking system. Drawing on a unique dataset, the paper documents the degree of interconnectedness and systemic risk of the euro area banking system based on bilateral linkages. We then develop a Contagion Mapping (CoMap) methodology to study contagion potential of an exogenous default shock via counterparty credit and funding risks. We construct contagion and vulnerability indices measuring respectively the systemic importance of banks and their degree of fragility. Decomposing the results into the respective contributions of credit and funding shocks provides insights to the nature of contagion which can be used to calibrate bank-specific capital and liquidity requirements and large exposures limits. We find that tipping points shifting the euro area banking system from a less vulnerable state to a highly vulnerable state are a non-linear function of the combination of network structures and bank-specific characteristics.
This paper provides new insights on the effect of inheritance receipt on retirement. We build on lifelong information on inheritances received and labor market transitions available for respondents of the French Wealth Survey. This feature allows us to compare current retirement rates among current and future inheritors. Chances of current retirement are 40% higher among current inheritors than among individuals who will inherit in the next two years, but there is substantial heterogeneity in this effect across socio-demographic groups. The effect is also stronger for individuals with a higher risk aversion, which we interpret with a simple theoretical model.
We show that medium-term interest rates in the euro area, Japan, UK and US are affected by domestic and foreign shocks. We find that US rates are the main source of spillovers globally and are less exposed to foreign shocks. Foreign spillovers to European rates were negligible only during the sovereign debt crisis and the introduction of more aggressive monetary policies by the ECB. We identify causal relations among asset prices through structural vector autoregressions (SVAR) and magnitude restrictions. We use preliminary regressions on event days to estimate key parameters employed to constrain the structural parameter space of the SVAR.
We examine the implications of less powerful forward guidance for optimal policy using a sticky-price model with an effective lower bound (ELB) on nominal interest rates as well as a discounted Euler equation and Phillips curve. When the private-sector agents discount future economic conditions more in making their decisions today, an announced cut in future interest rates becomes less effective in stimulating current economic activity. While the implication of such discounting for optimal policy depends on its degree, we find that, under a wide range of plausible degrees of discounting, it is optimal for the central bank to compensate for the reduced effect of a future rate cut by keeping the policy rate at the ELB for longer.
Disclaimer: Please keep in mind that the papers are published in the name of the author(s). Their views do not necessarily reflect those of the ECB.


Kevin on Riverdale, played by Casey Cott, is having a particularly tumultuous second season, what with the ups and downs of his secret affair with Moose, and finding out his dad is having his own affair with the Mayor McCoy, while his mom is doing a military tour in Bahrain. When Riverdale returns next week, Kevin is pushing all that Bulldog drama aside to direct Riverdale High's production of Carrie: The Musical, in what's sure to be a memorable installment. We spoke with Cott about what we can expect for the episode.
Chicagoland native Jake Johnson plays "Chicago Vs. The World"


1. Place washed mandarins in a pot and cover with cold water.
2. Bring to a boil and simmer for 45 minutes. Drain and cool.
4. Place mandarins in pot and simmer for 30 minutes.
5. Place hot mandarins in clean jars and cover with pickling syrup, seal jars with lids and allow to cool.
6. Lasts in jars 12 months.


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We start by letting people know why there was no Podcast last week with a "Where in the World Is Joe Rider". we then talk about the strangest places we ever bought comics, Cory bellyaches about the recent spate of crossovers, we discuss the gay character in Archie comics and gay characters in comics through the years, and the South Park controversy comes up. All of this and the normal shenanigans! Will Joe have read Spider-Man yet? Listen and find out!
Kray Z Comics and Stories 7: Attack of the Seven Dwarves!
After reading Steven Bissette's blog (http://srbissette.com/) where he goes into great detail on the 1985 – 1989 battle over ratings and labeling, Joe and Cory!! give their version from both a personal and retail point of view. Of course, there's the usual shenanigans as we ask if Joe is caught up on Spider-Man, Cory!! is horrified by KFC's new "Double Down" sandwich in our longest episode ever! WARNING: The language is clean, but we do discuss selling "adult comics" and the like.
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