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Summary of LOWI decision 2018-101 Pages
Keywords: admissibility of Petition to LOWI, exceeding of deadline
Annual reports/Case summaries
Keywords: competence of LOWI, admissibility of petition, written refusal by Board
Summary of LOWI opinion 2018-082 Pages
Keywords: competence of LOWI, duty to forward to Research Integrity Committee (RIC)
Keywords: academic responsibility of university, research in a personal capacity, scope of university's complaints procedure
Keywords: duty to disclose commercial interests, conflict of interest, primary interest of academic practice, secondary interests of the scientist.
Keywords: characteristics of academic practice, expertise, independence, public access
Keywords: admissible petition, duty of confidentiality, substantiation of complaint
Keywords: duty to forward to Research Integrity Committee (RIC), procedural and substantive review by LOWI, academic practice, performance interviews
Keywords: significant contribution, criteria for co-authorship, recusal of Research Integrity Committee (RIC)
Keywords: publication of erratum, time lag for correction of errors.
Keywords: retrospective study, prospective study, Medical Ethics Review Committee, Medical Research Involving Human Subjects Act [WMO]
Keywords: language of communication for proceedings, audio recordings of hearing, PhD supervisor, co-authorship, complaints proceedings
Keywords: invention, scientific contribution, patent application, academic freedom Relevant provisions: Elaboration 1.4 Netherlands Code of Conduct for Academic Practice
Recommendations for the Investigation of Research Misconduct by ENRIO (2019)35 Pages
Table of contents: Preamble, Recommendations for the Investigation of Research Misconduct, Code of Conduct, Definition of research misconduct and other unacceptable/irresponsible practices, Setting up or improving a Research Integrity (RI) system, Conflict of interest, Composition and competence of investigation committees, Transparency versus confidentiality, Receiving allegations or concerns including guidance, Handling allegations, Appeal or second opinion, Sanctions and follow-up, Dissemination and communication during and after an investigation, Cross-boundary allegations/investigations, How to learn from each other. Acknowledgements, Appendix.
Codes/GuidelinesEuropeLibraryResearch Misconduct
Upright – a tool for teaching research integrity by PRINTEGERhttps://printeger.eu/upright/
Upright is an interactive educational tool on research integrity. It was developed within the Horizon 2020 project PRINTEGER. This web-based educational tool approaches research integrity from the vision that RI is more than merely following rules (What should I do?), but a matter of identity (What kind of researcher should I be?). It is freely available and can be adjusted to your own requirements under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Online resourcesTraining
Online guide to best practices in the Finnish research communityhttps://www.responsibleresearch.fi/
The Responsible Research website www.responsibleresearch.fi provides information about best practices in research integrity, research ethics, research communication, and open science in Finland.
GeneralLibrary
Integrity in Practice toolkit by UKRIO (2018)https://ukrio.org/integrity-in-practice-toolkit/
Integrity in practice is a toolkit for those who wish to continue to improve research integrity and support a positive research culture within their organisation. The Integrity in Practice toolkit features a series of case studies of positive interventions made by individuals and organisations from across the globe, to improve research culture and integrity. It contains seven ways that could help individuals and organisations bring life to the codes, concordats and pledges they are committed to.
Ethical Guidelines for the Use of Animals in Research by etikkom (2018)https://www.etikkom.no/en/ethical-guidelines-for-research/ethical-guidelines-for-the-use-of-animals-in-research/
Table of contents: About the guidelines, ethics and experiments on animals, definitions, guidelines.
Codes/GuidelinesEthicsLibraryNorway
Checklist – WHO best practices in clinical trial transparency by TranspariMED (2018)https://www.transparimed.org/single-post/2018/08/22/How-strong-are-your-clinical-trial-reporting-policies-New-checklist
The checklist summarizes WHO best practices based on the WHO Joint Statement on public disclosure of results from clinical trials, which has so far been signed by six of the twenty largest medical research funders worldwide. Research funders and clinical trial sponsors, including universities, can use this checklist to identify and address gaps in their current policies.
How to tackle clinical trial transparency: University of Bristol case study by TranspariMED (2018)https://www.transparimed.org/single-post/2018/09/18/How-universities-can-get-all-clinical-trial-results-reported-%E2%80%93-Bristol-case-study
The case study details how the University of Bristol approached the issue, discusses how it overcame various challenges along the way, and outlines future plans for embedding best practices in clinical trial transparency.
Research integrity: Sixth Report of Session 2017–19 by House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (2018)https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201719/cmselect/cmsctech/350/350.pdf
Table of contents: Introduction, Understanding and measuring 'research integrity', The Concordat to Support Research Integrity, Supporting and promoting the integrity of research, Detecting and responding to problems with research integrity, Regulating research and researchers, Conclusions and recommendations, Annex.
Research Integrity statement of cooperation by Russell Group (2018)https://russellgroup.ac.uk/policy/policy-documents/research-integrity-statement-of-cooperation/
The Statement is intended as a set of principles regarding the approach to managing the review of cross-institutional research misconduct allegations. It is not intended to direct how the review process itself is conducted as this is dictated by the relevant institutions policies.
GeneralLibraryResearch Misconduct
Luxembourg Agency for Research Integrity (LARI)https://lari.lu/
Established in 2016, the Luxembourg Agency for Research Integrity (LARI) is the national agency promoting and investigating research integrity in Luxembourg.
Netherlands Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2018)32 Pages
Table of contents: .Preamble, Scope and transitional provisions, Principles, Standards for good research practices, Institutions' duties of care, Non-compliance with standards: measures and sanctions, Appendix.
Codes/GuidelinesNetherlands
Think. Check. Attend. Choosing the right conference to attend and present your research.https://thinkcheckattend.org/
Think. Check. Attend. is an initiative that aims to guide and assist researchers and scholars to judge the legitimacy and academic credentials of conferences in order to help them decide whether to or not attend the same.
LibraryPublication / Authorship
Think. Check. Attend. Choose the right journal for your research.https://thinkchecksubmit.org/
Think. Check. Submit. is a campaign to help researchers identify trusted journals for their research. It is a simple checklist researchers can use to assess the credentials of a journal or publisher.
Guidelines for research ethics on human remains by etikkom (2016)https://www.etikkom.no/en/ethical-guidelines-for-research/guidelines-for-research--ethics-on-human-remains/
Table of contents: Scope of the Guidelines, Guidelines for research ethics on human remains: 1. Respect for the deceased, 2. The same consideration irrespective of origin, 3. Respect for descendants, 4. Respect for other groups, 5. Respect for the rarity of the material, 6. Assessment of the feasibility and consequences of the research project, 7. Respect for other researchers, 8. Taking into consideration the context and provenance of a discovery, 9. The importance of complying with existing laws and rules and obtaining authorisations.
Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings (2018)http://www.globalcodeofconduct.org/
This Global Code of Conduct for Research in Resource-Poor Settings counters ethics dumping by: providing guidance across all research disciplines presenting clear, short statements in simple language to achieve the highest possible accessibility.
Codes/GuidelinesInternational
Misconduct Investigation Procedure by UKRIO (2008)http://ukrio.org/publications/misconduct-investigation-procedure/
Table of contents: Foreword, Procedure for the investigation of misconduct in research, Part A Background for the use of the Procedure, Part B Preparatory steps, Part C The Procedure, Annexes.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibraryResearch MisconductUnited Kingdom
The National Science Centre (NCN)https://ncn.gov.pl/o-ncn/zadania-ncn?language=en
The National Science Centre (NCN) is a government agency, supervised by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, set up in 2011 to support basic research in Poland. Furthermore, the agency is aiming to prevent questionable and unacceptable research practices (at best research misconduct) and to raise awareness by offering lectures and workshops on "good scientific practice" to the research institutions. Additionally, the agency provides advice related to research integrity.
World Conferences on Research Integrity Foundationhttps://www.wcrif.org/
Website from the World Conferences on Research Integrity Foundation. Information about all Word Conferences on Research Integrity, all documents and the foundation.
Open Data in Science in Europe: Statement by the European Members of the International Council for Science (2018)http://www.euro-icsu.org/thematic_work/opendata/documents/European_ICSU_Members_Open_Data_Statement_2018.pdf
This statement with recommendations is based on the workshop "Open Data in Science: Challenges and Opportunities for Europe" that the European ICSU Members organised in Brussels in January 2018, in partnership with the All European Academies (ALLEA). Table of contents: General, FAIR Principles, Data repositories, Data skills, Incentives and reward systems, Research Data Management, Research culture.
Data ManagementLibrary
Bonn PRINTEGER Statement: Working with research integrity – guidance for research performing organisations (2018)http://printeger.eu/the-bonn-printeger-statement/
Table of contents: Guidance for organisations' work with research integrity: Providing information about research integrity, Providing education, training and mentoring, Strengthening a research integrity culture, Facilitating open dialogue, Wise incentive management, Implementing quality assurance procedures, Improving the work environment and work satisfaction, Increasing transparency of misconduct cases, Opening up research, Implementing safe and effective whistle-blowing channels, Protecting the alleged perpetrators, Establishing a research integrity committee and appointing an ombudsperson, Making explicit the applicable standards for research integrity.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibrary
European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (revised edition) by ALLEA (2017)11 Pages
Table of Contents: Preamble, Principles, Good Research Practices, Violated of Research Integrity, Annex I: Key Resources, Annex II: Revision Process and List of Stakeholders, Annex III: ALLEA Permanent Working Group on Science and Ethics
Codes/GuidelinesEuropeGeneralLibrary
Annual report 2017, Netherlands Board on Research Integrity (LOWI)14 Pages
The report of the Netherlands Board on Research Integrity (LOWI) describes the developments, opinions and decisions of 2017.
Annual reports/Case summariesAnnual reports/Cases
Estonian Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2017)23 Pages
Table of contents: Preface, Values, Principles of action (Planning of Research, Conduct of Research, Authorship, Publishing and application of research results), Researcher in the Research Community, Observance, Promotion and application of Research Integrity
Codes/GuidelinesEstoniaGeneralLibrary
Fiction movies for RCR educationhttps://www.nrin.nl/fiction-movies-for-rcr-education/
Fictional narratives can be very useful in exploring the tough choices scientists have to make. In this internship project for the practical assignment of the master Philosophy, Bioethics and Health at VU University Amsterdam, performed by Christiaan Grigoleit, Bob Hoogenes and Isabella Vos, they investigated the usefulness and applicability of a selection of fiction movies for RCR education.
Workshop report: Advancing Research Integrity Practices and Policies: From Recommendation to Implementation (2017)12 Pages
This report maps existing policies, procedures and practices for promoting research integrity and makes a number of key recommendations for improving it. The report encompasses a set of 18 recommendations which fall into four groups: Policies and Procedures; Raising Awareness; Training; and Collaboration and Mobility.
LOWI summaries (2017)https://www.lowi.nl/en/Opinions
The Netherlands Board on Research Integrity (LOWI) publishes its opinions (in anonymised form).
Keywords: cooperation (agreements), reuse of data, data management Relevant provisions: Elaboration 3.3, 5.3 of the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Academic Practice
Annual reports/CasesData Management
Keywords: violation of duty of confidentiality, online publications, social media, competence to discontinue complaints proceedings Relevant provisions: Article 2(4) of the VSNU Model Academic Integrity Complaints Procedure, Article 10 of the LOWI Regulations
Annual reports/CasesPublication / Authorship
Keywords: LOWI's competence to investigate, new CWI opinion, popular science publication Relevant provisions: Article 8.3 of the LOWI Regulations
Keywords: negligent source reference, confidential reports, authorship Relevant provisions: Principle 3 of the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Academic Practice, Elaboration 1.1 and 1.4 of the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Academic Practice
Keywords: accusation of plagiarism, assessment criteria, book not essential source Relevant provisions: Elaboration 1.3 of the Netherlands Code of Conduct for Academic Practice
Annual reports/CasesPlagiarism
Curriculum "Good Scientific Practice" by Gerlinde Sponholz, Josef Leidenfrost (2013)37 Pages
Provider: Gerlinde Sponholz and Josef Leidenfrost
Name and contact details for further information: Gerlinde Sponholz, Team Scientific Integrity, sponholz@scientificintegrity.de
Type of the document: non changeable
Target group: Academic teachers, all academic discipines
Short descriptions and recommendations how to use: Short introduction and information about the historical background of teaching RI in Germany. Definition of teaching goals. Recommendations and detailed description of contents and competencies for RI workshops. Resources and links to official documents, case study examples and guidelines. This curriculum was developed on behalf and in cooperation with the German research Ombudsman and the German Research Foundation (DFG).
Special commentary from the provider: The Curriculum is currently under revision (2019). It would be fine if you can share your experience with this curriculum.
Curricula and course outlinesGeneralLibraryTraining
5th World Conference on Research Integrity (2017)http://www.wcri2017.org/
5th World Conference on Research Integrity, Amsterdam, May 28-31, 2015
Diederik Stapel (Netherlands)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diederik_Stapel
Field: Psychology. Diederik Alexander Stapel is a Dutch former professor of social psychology at Tilburg University and before that at the University of Groningen in the Netherlands. In 2011 Tilburg University suspended Stapel for fabricating and manipulating data for his research publications. This scientific misconduct took place over a number of years and affected at least 55 publications.
Annual reports/CasesProminent CasesResearch Misconduct
Report: Flawed science. The fraudulent research practices of social psychologist Diederik Stapel (2012)https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/nl/over/profiel/kwaliteit-voorop/commissie-levelt/
Information about the Diederik Stapel case: Report: Flawed science. The fraudulent research practices of social psychologist Diederik Stapel. English Version: Speech Rector Philip Eijlander. Rejoinder to commentary on the Stapel fraud report.
Annual reports/CasesCollaborative ScienceData ManagementMentorshipProminent CasesResearch Misconduct
Case Study on authorship: Dr Jones and Dr Smith4 Pages
With kind permission of UKRIO. Topic: Authorship in academic research.
Case study collectionsTraining
A Short Guide to Ethical Editing for New Editors by COPE (2016)7 Pages
Table of contents: Background/structure, Initial assessment of journal when you take over, Relations with the outgoing editor, Relations with the other editors/editorial board, Relations with authors, Transparency, The submission system, Relationship with reviewers, The peer-review process, Can editors publish in their own journal?, Editorial independence/relation with publisher/journal owner, Commercial issues, Responding to possible misconduct/inappropriate behaviour and dealing with complaints, Closing remarks
Codes/GuidelinesConflicts of Interest & CommitmentEthicsEuropeGeneralInternationalLibraryPublication / AuthorshipResearch Misconduct
Standards and Guidelines for Quality Assurance in the European Higher Education Area by ESG (2015)32 Pages
Table of contents: Foreword, Context, scope, purposes and principles, European standards and guidelines for quality assurance in higher education, Annex: Summary list of standards
Codes/GuidelinesCodes/GuidelinesEuropeGeneralLibraryTraining
Research Integrity in the Nordic countries – national systems and procedures by Nordforsk (2014)29 Pages
Table of contents: What does the global scene look like, Responsible conduct of research and procedures for handling allegations of misconduct in Finland, The situation in Norway, Research integrity: Guidelines and procedures in Iceland, Building a framework for research integrity in Denmark at the national, institutional and individual levels, Research misconduct in Sweden: The system and the problem, Science communication and research integrity. . Concluding remarks and reflections emerging from the Nordic seminar on research integrity organised by NordForsk in Oslo, April 2014
Movie: How to become an ethical scientist by University of Leidenhttps://www.universiteitleiden.nl/en/news/2016/03/film-how-to-be-an-honest-scientist
Scientists are regularly confronted with questions of integrity. A new film teaches students how to handle this issue.
EthicsGeneralLibraryMentorshipOnline resourcesPlagiarismPublication / AuthorshipResearch MisconductTraining
Singapore Statement on Research Integrity (2010)http://www.singaporestatement.org/
The Singapore Statement on Research Integrity was developed as part of the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity, 21-24 July 2010, in Singapore, as a global guide to responsible conduct of research.
Codes/GuidelinesCodes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibraryTraining
Authorship in scientific publications by Scientific Integrity Committee of the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences (2013)30 Pages
Table of contents: Background, Analysis of existing authorship guidelines, Recommendations on authorship and Appendix.
Codes/GuidelinesEuropeLibraryPublication / AuthorshipSwitzerland
Guidelines for Research Ethics in Science and Technology by etikkom (2016)https://www.etikkom.no/en/ethical-guidelines-for-research/guidelines-for-research-ethics-in-science-and-technology/
Table of contents: Foreword, Summary, Guidelines (Research ethics, The overriding obligations of research, Good research practice, Uncertainty, risk and the Precautionary Principle, Protection of research subjects, Protection of animals in research, Relationship with traditional and alternative sources of knowledge, Openness, contract research and conflicts of interest, Whistle-blowing and ethical responsibility, Research and popularization, Proposal for a scientific oath) References
Codes/GuidelinesEthicsGeneralLibraryNorway
Guidelines for Research Ethics in the Social Sciences, Humanities, Law and Theology by etikkom (2016)44 Pages
Table of contents: Preface, Introduction, Research, society and ethics, Respect for individuals, Respect for groups and institutions, The research community, Commissioned research, Dissemination of research.
Draft Council conclusions on research integrity by European Commission (2015)6 Pages
The Luxembourg Presidency (2015) considers research integrity as one of its top priorities in the R&I domain. In this context, the Presidency has proposed draft Council conclusions on the issue.
European Network of Research Ethics and Research Integrity (ENERI)http://eneri.eu/
The "European Network of Research Ethics and Research Integrity" (ENERI) establishes an operable platform of actors in the fields of research ethics and research integrity.
EthicsGeneralInstitutions
The Reward Alliance | Research Wastehttp://researchwaste.net/
researchwaste.net is a place to share and exchange documentation, information, and resources on how to increase the value of both basic and applied research and reduce or avoid wasting research.
International standards for editors and authors, documents by COPEhttp://publicationethics.org/node/11184
Position statements setting out international standards for responsible research publication for editors and authors.
Codes/GuidelinesInternationalLibraryPublication / Authorship
Statement of Principles for Research Integrity by Global Research Council1 Pages
Table of contents: Preamble, Principles (Leadership, Promotion, Education, Transparent Processes, Response to Allegations of Misconduct, Conditions for Research Support, International Cooperation)
Recommendations for the Conduct, Reporting, Editing, and Publication of Scholarly Work in Medical Journals by ICMJE (2018)19 Pages
These recommendations are intended primarily for use by authors who might submit their work for publication to ICMJE member journals.
Codes/GuidelinesCodes/GuidelinesInternationalLibraryPublication / AuthorshipTraining
International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE)http://www.icmje.org/
The ICMJE is a small group of general medical journal editors and representatives of selected related organizations working together to improve the quality of medical science and its reporting.
Blog: Retraction watchhttp://retractionwatch.com/
Retraction Watch is a blog that monitors and reports on retractions from scientific journals. Managed by scientist writers, the blog holds researchers and journals accountable by keeping track of their activities.
InstitutionsLibraryPublication / AuthorshipResearch Misconduct
Case Study on Plagiarism and Mentoring: Diane Archer1 Pages
With kind permission by Kenneth Pimple. Topic: Plagiarism, Mentoring.
The European Charter for Researchers: The Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers by the European Commission (2005)36 Pages
The European Charter for Researchers is a set of general principles and requirements which specifies the roles, responsibilities and entitlements of researchers as well as of employers and/or funders of researchers.
Codes/GuidelinesEuropeGeneralLibraryMentorship
Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice by Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft (1998, Update 2013)112 Pages
Table of contents: Proposals for Safeguarding Good Scientific Practice, Forewords, Overview of the Additions and Updates, Recommendations, Problems in the Scientific Systems, Experiences outside Germany, Other National and International Standards, Notes.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralGermanyLibrary
Flemish Commission for Research Integrity, Belgiumhttp://www.vcwi.be/
The five Flemish universities, the Academies for Sciences and for Medecine and the two main funding agencies took the joint initiative in 2013 to establish a national commission for research integrity. This Flemish Commission on Research Integrity can give a second advice about complaint files on research integrity, already handled by the research institution.
Austrian Agency for Research Integrity (OeAWI)http://www.oeawi.at/en/index.asp
The agency is responsible for investigating alleged cases of research misconduct in Austria. Furthermore, the agency is aiming to prevent research misconduct and to raise awareness offering lectures and workshops on the "good scientific practice" to its member institutions.
Agency for Science and Higher Education (AZVO), Croatiahttps://www.azvo.hr/en/
The Croatian Agency for Science and Higher Education (ASHE) was modelled after the best European practices in quality assurance in science and higher education.
The Danish Committee on Research Misconduct (DCRM)https://ufm.dk/en/research-and-innovation/councils-and-commissions/The-Danish-Committee-on-Research-Misconduct?set_language=en&cl=en
The Danish Committe on Research Misconduct (DCRM) handles Danish cases of research misconduct.
Team Scientific Integrity (SciInt), Germanyhttp://www.scientificintegrity.de/en-index.html
The members of Team SciInt conduct workshops and trainings and give presentations on good scientific practice/research integrity. They give advice to research institutions that intend to implement or revise regulations or procedures concerning GSP/RI and counsel individuals on protecting their scientific integrity. They develop curricula and teaching materials for courses, workshops, presentations and trainings.
Geschäftsstelle für Ombudsangelegenheiten der Universität Hamburg, Germanyhttps://www.uni-hamburg.de/en/forschung/service/gute-wissenschaftliche-praxis.html
Beside the administrative support of the five-member ombuds' committee, the tasks of the Ombudsstelle are to offer presentations and workshops about GWP, to counsel those who are seeking advice or need information and support in a conflict situation.
German Research Ombudsmanhttp://www.ombudsman-fuer-die-wissenschaft.de/
The main task of the German Research Ombudsman is to arbitrate between researchers in cases of conflict and to investigate cases of scientific misconduct.
Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (TENK)http://www.tenk.fi/en
Finnish National Board on Research Integrity (TENK) founded in 1991 to address ethical questions relating to research and to the advancement of research ethics in Finland (Decree 1347 of 15 November 1991).
French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm)http://www.inserm.fr/qu-est-ce-que-l-inserm/organigramme/comites/dis
As a research public organisation, the main missions of Inserm to understand improve human health.
French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)http://www.cirad.fr/en/home-page
The office for ethics and research integrity has 3 main objectives : 1) implementation of the national charter for research ethics 2) raising awareness, training on RI, and management of alerts and misconduct. 3) support for ethic appraisal of research activities.
Responsible Conduct of Research (RCR), Greecehttp://www.rcr.gr/index.php/en/
The aim of "RCR-Greece" is to foster "Research Integrity" and generally "Responsible Conduct of Research" in Greece.
National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)http://earthnet.ntua.gr/?lang=en
The Ethical Aspects in Research and Technology for Human network (EARTHnet) is active through NTUA (earthnet.ntua.gr).
Royal Irish Academy (RIA), Irelandhttps://www.ria.ie/
The Royal Irish Academy is a member of the National Research Integrity Forum. The Forum was established in late 2015 on foot of the publication of a National Policy for Ensuring Integrity in Irish Research. The National Research Integrity Forum does not have a statutory function, but is rather an advisory and harmonising body.
Health Research Board (HRB), Irelandhttp://www.hrb.ie/home/
The Health Research Board (HRB) was founded in 1986 as a statutory body of the Irish Department of Health. In addition to supporting research across the broad spectrum of health research, from applied biomedical research through to applied health services research, the HRB supports five National Information Systems.
National Research Council (CNR), Italyhttps://www.cnr.it/it/ethics
The National Research Council (CNR) is the largest public research institution in Italy, the only one under the Research Ministry performing multidisciplinary activities
Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR)https://www.fnr.lu/
The Luxembourg National Research Fund (FNR) is the main funder of research activities in Luxembourg. The FNR invests public funds and private donations into research projects in various branches of science and the humanities, with an emphasis on selected core strategic areas. Furthermore, the FNR supports and coordinates activities to strengthen the link between science and society and to raise awareness for research. The FNR also advises the Luxembourg government on research policy and strategy.
Netherlands Research Integrity Network (NRIN)https://www.nrin.nl/
The Netherlands Research Integrity Network (NRIN) aims to facilitate collaboration, exchange and mutual learning among all actors in the field of Research Integrity (RI) and everybody who is interested in the topic.
Netherlands Board on Research Integrity (LOWI)http://www.lowi.nl/en/netherlands-board-on-research-integrity-lowi?set_language=en
The Netherlands Board on Research Integrity (LOWI) is an independent advisory body, established in 2003 by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO), and the Association of Universities in the Netherlands (VSNU).
National Research Ethics Committees (Etikkom), Norwayhttps://www.etikkom.no/en/
The Norwegian National Research Ethics Committees are independent agencies for questions regarding research ethics, and investigation of misconduct, within all subject areas.
Foundation for National Scientific Computation (FCT), Portugalhttp://www.fct.pt/index.phtml.en
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) is the national funding agency that supports science, technology and innovation, in all scientific domains, under responsibility of the Ministry for Science, Technology and Higher Education.
Central Ethical Review Board (CEPN), Swedenhttp://www.epn.se/en/start/
The Expert Group on Research Misconduct shall, at the request of a university or other Higher Education Institute issue a statement on cases concerning investigations of suspected misconduct in research, artistic research and development work.
Ethics Committee of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)http://www.csic.es/etica-en-la-investigacion
The Ethics Committee of the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) was created by Royal Decree 1730/2007 as a permanent and advisory collegiate body tasked with reflecting, issuing reports and making recommendations on ethical principles concerning research.
Commission for the Scientific Integrity of the Czech Academy of Sciences (CAS)http://www.avcr.cz/en/about-us/cas-structure/academy-council/advisory-committees/
The Commission discusses: a) general and specific question from the area of the ethics of scientific work, b) submissions, initiatives and complaints of employees or scientific workplaces of the CAS, which are related to the observance of the ethics of scientific work, c) exceptionally also submissions of other parties, if they concern the ethics of the scientific work at the Czech Academy of Sciences.
Commission for Ethics in Science (Poland)https://institution.pan.pl/index.php/institution/science-ethics-committee
The major tasks of the Commission for Research Integrity is promotion of good manners in science and expressing opinions on submitted cases concerning a breach of ethics in science by members of staff of higher education institutes , scientific units of the Academy and research institutes.
Estonian Research Council (ETAg)http://www.etag.ee/en/
The Estonian Research Council is the main funding organisation of R&D in Estonia. ETAg has taken the lead in introducing and implementing the Research integrity, Open science/open access/open data, and Gender mainstreaming in Estonia.
Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences (SAMW)http://www.akademien-schweiz.ch/en/index/Portrait/Kommissionen-AG/Wissenschaftliche-Integritaet.html
In 2006, the Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences established the commission «Scientific Integrity», which follows national and international developments and takes position on general questions related to scientific integrity.
UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO)http://ukrio.org/
The UK Research Integrity Office (UKRIO) is an independent charity, offering support to the public, researchers and organisations to further good practice in academic, scientific and medical research.
RCR Data acquisition and managementhttp://ccnmtl.columbia.edu/projects/rcr/rcr_data/winResources.html
Table of Contents: Annotated References on Data Management, Web Resources on Data Management, References on Data Management, Video Materials
League of European Research Universities (LERU)http://www.leru.org/index.php/public/home/
The League of European Research Universities (LERU) has emerged as a prominent advocate for the promotion of basic research at European universities.
Global Ethics Observatory (GEObs)http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/global-ethics-observatory/
The observatory is a system of databases with worldwide coverage in bioethics and other areas of applied ethics in science and technology such as environmental ethics, science ethics, and technology ethics.
EthicsInstitutions
RRI-Toolshttps://www.rri-tools.eu/
The outcome of RRI Tools is to develop a set of digital resources to advocate, train, disseminate and implement RRI under Horizon 2020.
NordForskhttps://www.nordforsk.org/en?set_language=en
NordForsk is an organisation under the Nordic Council of Ministers that provides funding for and facilitates Nordic cooperation on research and research infrastructure.
EthicsCOREhttps://nationalethicscenter.org/
EthicsCORE is a website designed to help a scientific community share resources and work together with one another.
Higher Educations Institutions & Responsible Research and Innovation (HEIRRI)http://heirri.eu/
HEIRRI mainly works around the six RRI «key aspects» identified by EC (societal/public engagement, gender equality, open access, science education, ethics and governance in R&I), but above all those six "keys", HEIRRI wants to stress the potential of RRI as a transformative, critical and radical concept.
Pan-European Platform on Ethics, Transparency and Integrity in Education (ETINED)http://www.coe.int/en/web/ethics-transparency-integrity-in-education
The Pan-European Platform on Ethics, Transparency and Integrity in Education (ETINED) will try to address this challenge through a genuinely European dialogue and by drawing upon the materials and norms developed by the Council of Europe over the years.
Stakeholders Acting Together On the ethical impact assessment of Research and Innovation (SATORI)http://satoriproject.eu/
SATORI is a platform for the consolidation and advancement of ethical assessment in research and innovation.
Promoting Integrity as an Integral Dimension of Excellence in Research (PRINTEGER)http://printeger.eu/
PRINTEGER is a project funded by the European Union in the framework of Horizon 2020. Its mission is to enhance research integrity by promoting a research culture in which integrity is part and parcel of what it means to do excellent research, and not just an external and restrictive control system.
European Network of Research Ethics Committees (EUREC)http://www.eurecnet.org/index.html
EUREC is a network that brings together already existing national Research Ethics Committees (RECs) associations, networks or comparable initiatives on the European level.
European Network of Ombudsmen in Higher Education (ENOHE)http://www.enohe.net/
ENOHE is the European network of ombudsmen in higher education (with several associates from the United States, Canada, Mexico, and Australia).
ALL European Academies (ALLEA)http://www.allea.org/
ALLEA was founded in 1994 and is the Federation of 59 Academies of Sciences and Humanities in more than 40 European countries.
Case Summary: Jon Sudbo by ORIhttps://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-sudbo-jon
Information about the Jon Sudbo Case.
Case Summary: Eric Poehlman by ORIhttps://ori.hhs.gov/content/case-summary-poehlman-eric-t
Detailed information about the Poehlman Case by ORI. Press Release, Case Summary, List of Retracted / Corrected Publications (Updated - March 23, 2005) (PDF), Voluntary Exclusion Agreement (PDF, 1.6MB), University of Vermont Report (PDF, 19MB), Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) Notice, Civil Complaint and Settlement (PDF).
Karl-Theodor zu Guttenberg (Germany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl-Theodor_zu_Guttenberg
Field: Political sience. In February 2011 it was discovered that Guttenberg's thesis contained texts of other authors without citation. This led to plagiarism accusations against Guttenberg. Guttenberg denied any plagiarism, but asked the University of Bayreuth to revoke his title, admitting "severe errors in workmanship".
Annual reports/CasesPlagiarismProminent Cases
Marc Straus (USA)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc_Straus
Field: Oncology. Marc Straus has admitted that as lead researcher he took responsibility for fabricated data in oncology studies at the Boston University School of Medicine in the late 1970s.
Dipak Das (USA)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipak_K._Das
Field: Cardiovasculary research. Dipak Das was found guilty of 145 counts of fabrication or falsification of data at the University of Connecticut Health Center.
John Darsee (USA)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Darsee
Field: Cardiology. Data fabrication as well as errors/discrepancies on 16 of 18 full-length research articles, and an unknown number of over 100 additional abstracts and book chapters.
Yoshitaka Fujii (Japan)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshitaka_Fujii
Field: Anesthesiology. Fujii was found to have fabricated data in at least 172 scientific papers, setting what is believed to be a record for the number of papers by a single author requiring retractions.
Jan Hendrik Schön (Germany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6n_scandal
Field: Semiconductors. Schön forged results, using the same graph image in different contexts.
Silvia Bulfone-Paus (Germany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvia_Bulfone-Paus
Field: Immunology, 13 peer-reviewed journal articles retracted following investigations of alleged misconduct
Joachim Boldt (Germany)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joachim_Boldt
Field: Anesthesiology, Drug research. Joachim Boldt stripped of his professorship, under criminal investigation for possible forgery of up to 90 research studies.
Milena Penkowa (Denmark)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milena_Penkowa
Field: Neuroscience. Milena Penkowa (neuroscience), resigned her professorship after accusations of scientific misconduct, fraud, and embezzlement of research funds.
Bruno Frey (Switzerland)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Frey
Field: Economics. In 2011, Frey was criticised for and admitted to self-plagiarism.
Annual reports/CasesPlagiarismProminent CasesResearch Misconduct
Danut Marcu (Romania)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%83nu%C8%9B_Marcu
Field: Mathematics Dănuț Marcu, a Romanian mathematician and computer scientist, who was banned from several journals due to plagiarism. He had submitted a manuscript which was more-or-less word for word the same as a paper written by another author.
Mart Bax (Netherlands)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart_Bax
Field: Antropology. Various kinds of serious scientific misconduct. For example, in two cases Bax stated to have relied on one single local informant who told him improbable stories about public events that were not confirmed by anyone else. Bax did not check the stories and wrote them down in detail as if these they were historical facts. The commission that investigated Bax' research was unable to interview these two informants, so data fabrication by Bax could not be proven.
Jon Sudbo (Norway)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon_Sudb%C3%B8
Field: Medicine. Jon Sudbø is a Norwegian dentist, physician, and former medical researcher, who was exposed as a scientific fraudster in 2006. Over a period of several years, he fabricated results in the field of oncology which he published in leading medical journals. The article that led to his downfall, which was published in The Lancet, was based on 900 patients Sudbø had fabricated entirely. The editor of The Lancet described this as the biggest scientific fraud conducted by a single researcher ever.
Hwang Woo-Suk (Korea)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hwang_Woo-suk
Hwang Woo-suk is a South Korean veterinarian and researcher. He was a professor of theriogenology and biotechnology at Seoul National University (dismissed on March 20, 2006) who became infamous for fabricating a series of experiments, which appeared in high-profile journals, in the field of stem cell research. Until November 2005, he was considered one of the pioneering experts in the field, best known for two articles published in the journal Science in 2004 and 2005 where he reported he had succeeded in creating human embryonic stem cells by cloning.
Annual reports/CasesEthicsProminent CasesResearch Misconduct
Raj Persaud (United Kingdom)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajendra_Persaud
Field: Psychiatry. Rajendra Persaud, also known as Raj Persaud (born 13 May 1963) is an English consultant psychiatrist, broadcaster and author of popular books about psychiatry. In October 2008, Persaud resigned from his position as consultant psychiatrist at the South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, following a 3-month suspension by the General Medical Council for dishonesty.
Andrew Wakefield (United Kingdom)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wakefield
Field: Medicine. Andrew Jeremy Wakefield (born 3 September 1956) is a British former gastroenterologist and medical researcher, known for his fraudulent 1998 research paper in support of the now-discredited claim that there was a link between the administration of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine, and the appearance of autism and bowel disease
Eric Poehlman (USA)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Poehlman
Eric T. Poehlman (born c. 1956), a scientist in the field of human obesity and aging, was the first academic in the United States to be jailed for falsifying data in a grant application. He had published fraudulent research alleging hormone replacement injections as a therapy for menopause, when in fact they had no proven medical benefits at all.
Dick van Velzen (United Kingdom)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alder_Hey_organs_scandal
The Alder Hey organs scandal involved the unauthorised removal, retention, and disposal of human tissue, including children's organs, during the period 1988 to 1995. During this period organs were retained in more than 2,000 pots containing body parts from around 850 infants.
William Summerlin (USA)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Summerlin
Field: Medicine. William T. Summerlin (born 1938) is a dermatologist who, as a medical researcher, perpetrated a notorious scientific fraud.
Piltdown Man (1912)https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piltdown_Man
The Piltdown Man was a paleoanthropological hoax in which bone fragments were presented as the fossilised remains of a previously unknown early human.
A Guidebook for Teaching Selected Responsible Conduct of Research Topics to a Culturally Diverse Trainee Group by M. Alexander and W. R. Williams73 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction and Background, Summary of Results from RCR Focus Groups, Small Culturally Diverse Groups for Case-based RCR Instruction: Format and Script, Teaching Materials for Data Management, Sharing, and Ownership, Teaching Materials for Intellectual Property, Teaching Materials for Research Misconduct, Appendix Sources and Resources
Case study collectionsGeneralLibraryLiteratureTraining
ORI Casebook, Stories about Researcher worth discussing, Instructor's Manual54 Pages
Tables of contents: Foundational issues, Strategies for teaching using cases and reflection questions, Strategies for teaching using role plays, Index Case study pack can be found on: https://ori.hhs.gov/rcr-casebook-stories-about-researchers-worth-discussing
GeneralLibraryLiteratureTraining
Good Research Practice – What Is It? by The Swedish Research Council (2006)90 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Good research practice – some basic requirements, Planning research, Conducting research, Publishing research results, Research collaboration, Other roles of the researcher, Research misconduct, key documents researchers should be familiar with.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibrarySweden
Co-ordinating Committee for Facilitating International Research Misconduct Investigations by OECD and GSF16 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction and Background, Objectives of the Committee, General principles for conducting investigations in international settings and practical guidelines, Sharing information and establishing networks, Annex
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibraryResearch Misconduct
Best Practices for Ensuring Scientific Integrity and Preventing Misconduct by OECD and GSF13 Pages
Table of Contents: Rationale, Background, The Varieties of Misconduct, and its Consequences, Options for Dealing with Misconduct Allegations, Responding to Misconduct Allegations, Investigating Misconduct, International Considerations, Causes, Contributing Factors, and Prevention
RCR Casebook: Stories about Researchers Worth Discussing by ORIhttps://ori.hhs.gov/rcr-casebook-stories-about-researchers-worth-discussing
Case study packs with the following topics: Authorship and Publication, Research Misconduct, Collaboration, Data Acquisition and Management, Conflict of Interest, Peer Review, Mentor and Trainee Relationships, Social Responsibilities. An accompanying Instructors' Manual can be found on: https://ori.hhs.gov/images/ddblock/Instructor's%20Manual_Final_edited.pdf
Case study collectionsGeneralLibraryOnline resourcesTraining
The Research Clinic – Interactive Training Video by ORI and OHRPhttps://ori.hhs.gov/the-research-clinic
The interactive training video educates clinical and social researchers on the importance of appropriately protecting research participants and avoiding research misconduct.
Case study collectionsOnline resourcesTraining
The Lab – Interactive Movie on Research Misconduct by ORIhttps://ori.hhs.gov/thelab
In "The Lab: Avoiding Research Misconduct," you become the lead characters in an interactive movie and make decisions about integrity in research that can have long-term consequences. The simulation addresses Responsible Conduct of Research topics such as avoiding research misconduct, mentorship responsibilities, handling of data, responsible authorship, and questionable research practices
Case study collectionsData ManagementLibraryMentorshipOnline resourcesPublication / AuthorshipResearch MisconductTraining
ORI Introduction to the Responsible Conduct of Research by Nicholas H. Steneck (2007)184 Pages
Table of contents: Part I: Shared Values (Rules of the Road, Research Misconduct), Part II: Planning Research (The Protection of Human Subjects, The Welfare of Laboratory Animals, Conflicts of Interest), Part III: Conducting Research (Data Management Practices, Mentor and Trainee Responsibilities, Collaborative Research), Part IV: Reporting and Reviewing Research (Authorship and Publication, Peer review), Part V: Safe Driving and Responsible Research
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibraryLiteratureTraining
Policy for Dealing with Alleged Research Misconduct in Applications Made to the HRB3 Pages
Table of contents: Background, Scope, Policy, Initial Action, Contact with the Complainant, Contact with the Institution, HRB Action
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralIrelandLibraryPlagiarismResearch Misconduct
HRB Guidelines for Host Institutions on the Handling of Allegations of Research Misconduct5 Pages
Table of contents: Background, Definitions of Research Misconduct, Host institution policy and procedures, Essential content of the host institution policy and procedure, Stages of the investigation process, Right of appeal, Final decision, Possible sanctions
Codes/GuidelinesIrelandLibraryResearch Misconduct
Fostering Research Integrity in Europe, Executive Report by ESF (2010)20 Pages
Table of contents: Preface, Background and Rationale, European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, Defining and Implementing Awareness and Structures for Research Integrity, Need for Further Evidence on Research Integrity, Next Steps: Recommendations for the Future, Annexes
COPE Ethical Guidelines for Peer Reviewers (2013)5 Pages
Table of contents: Expectations during the peer-review process, Expectations post review
Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations by COPE (2014)1 Pages
Table of contents: Guidance for Editors: Research, Audit and Service Evaluations
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibraryPublication / Authorship
Text recycling guidelines for editors by BioMed Central (2016)5 Pages
Table of contents: How can editors deal with text recycling?, When should action be considered?, What action should be taken if text recycling is discovered?
Codes/GuidelinesInternationalLibraryPlagiarismPublication / Authorship
Sharing of Information Among Editors-in-Chief Regarding Possible Misconduct by COPE (2015)3 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Background, Guidance, References
Codes/GuidelinesInternationalLibraryPlagiarismPublication / AuthorshipResearch Misconduct
Journals' Best Practices for Ensuring Consent for Publishing Medical Case Reports: guidance from COPE (2016)5 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, General principles, Information to be collected in publication consent forms, Examples of forms for consent to publication of cases and relevant guidance,
Codes/GuidelinesEthicsInternationalLibraryPublication / Authorship
Responsible research publication: international standards for authors by L. Wager, S. Kleinert (2010)6 Pages
A position statement developed at the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity, Singapore, July 22-24, 2010
Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE)http://publicationethics.org/
COPE is a forum for editors and publishers of peer reviewed journals to discuss all aspects of publication ethics.
How to handle authorship disputes: a guide for new researchers by COPE (2003)3 Pages
Content: How to reduce the incidence of authorship problems, How to handle authorship disputes when they occur, What you can do if authorship issues are not resolved, Key concepts in authorship
Guidelines for retracting articles by COPE (2009)6 Pages
Cooperation between research institutions and journals on research integrity cases by COPE (2012)9 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Scope, Background principles, Defining misconduct, Recommendations for cooperation between research institutions and journals, References
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibraryPublication / AuthorshipResearch Misconduct
Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing by COPE (2015)3 Pages
16 Principles of Transparency and Best Practice in Scholarly Publishing
Code of Conduct for Journal Publishers by COPE1 Pages
Stanford's Center for Advanced Study in the Behavorial Scienceshttp://bps.stanford.edu/?page_id=25
A website where you find information about best practices in Science.
The culture of scientific research 2014, Analysis of responses to an online survey by Nuffield Council on Bioethics (2014)84 Pages
Table of contents: Executive summary, Introduction, Demographics, Research findings, Appendix
The concordat to support research integrity by Universities UK (2012)26 Pages
Table of contents: Summary of commitments, Foreword by the Minister for Universities and Science, Foreword by the signatories to the concordat, Introduction, Maintaining the highest standards of research integrity, Embedding a culture of research integrity, Dealing with allegations of research misconduct, A commitment to strengthening research integrity, Annexe I-III
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibraryUnited Kingdom
Reproducibility and reliability of biomedical research: improving research practice. Symposium report (2015)80 Pages
Table of contents: Summary, Introduction, What is the scale of the problem?, What can we learn from disciplines within biomedical sciences and beyond?, Strategies to address the irreproducibility of biomedical research, Public trust – how do we talk about reproducibility?, Conclusions and next steps, Annex 1-3
Responsibilty Navigatorhttp://responsibility-navigator.eu/
Res-AgorA is a three-year, EU FP7 project (2013-2016) which has co-constructed a good-practice framework, the "Responsibility Navigator".The Res-AgorA´s "Co-construction Method" for RRI is a methodology designed to support and facilitate the practical use of the Responsibility Navigator with stakeholders.
National systems for handling cases of research misconduct by The Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (2013)24 Pages
Table of contents: Background, Definition of research misconduct, National legal instruments regarding research misconduct, Institutions involved in handling cases on research misconduct, Procedure for handling cases on research misconduct, Transparency and confidentiality in cases on research misconduct, Positive elements and challenges in systems for handling cases on research misconduct, Annex A-B
General guidelines for research ethics by etikkom1 Pages
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibraryNorway
Responsible Research Data Management and the Prevention of Scientific Misconduct by Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Science (2013)84 Pages
Table of Contents: Foreword, Introduction, Responsible Research Data Management, Integrity in Scientific Research, Preparation for Scientific Research in undergraduate and postgraduate programmes and during researcher training, Summary
Codes/GuidelinesData ManagementGeneralLibraryNetherlandsResearch Misconduct
RCUK Policy and Guidelines on Governance of Good Research Conduct (2013)10 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Section 1: Good Research Conduct: Scope and Expectations, Section 2: Guidelines on the Promotion of Good Research Conduct, Section 3: Unacceptable Research Conduct, Section 4: Guidelines on the Reporting and Investigation of Unacceptable Research Conduct
Final report to ESF and ORI, First World Conference on Research Integrity: Fostering Responsible Research (2007)50 Pages
Table of Contents: Summary, Planning, Organization, and Outcomes, Conference Evaluation, Conclusions and Recommendations, Appendix 1. Planning Committee Members, Appendix 2. Final Programme, Appendix 3. Participants List, Appendix 4. Tindemans Report, Appendix 5. Analysis of Feedback Forms, Appendix 6. Articles and Press Coverage
Responsible Conduct in the Global Research Enterprise. A Policy Report by InterAcademy Council (2012)62 Pages
Table of contents: Foreword, IAP-IAC Committee on Research Integrity, Preface, Report review, Introduction, An Overview of Research Values, Responsible Conduct in the Process of Research, Recommendations for Researchers and Institutions Involved in Research, References, Biographical Sketches of Committee Members
Briefing Paper: Text and Data Mining and the Need for a Science-friendly EU Copyright Reform by Science Europe (2015)10 Pages
Table of Contents: 'Text and Data Mining'or 'Content Mining'?, Benefits of TDM Techniques, Uses of TDM Techniques: Indirect or Autonomous, Pre-conditions for TDM, Legal Claims of Rights Holders, Difficulty of Assessing the Legality of Content Mining, Necessary Advocacy for a Science-friendly Copyright Law, Suggested Way Forward for Research Organisations, Sources.
Science Europe: Working group on Research Integrityhttp://www.scienceeurope.org/policy/working-groups/research-integrity/
The Working Group has three main focuses: Promoting research integrity, Preventing misconduct and Increasing transparency when investigating cases of misconduct. In their work, the group's experts liaise with other relevant stakeholders in this field in Europe and globally.
3rd World Conference on Research Integrity (2013)http://wcri2013.org/
3rd World Conference on Research Integrity, Montreal, May 5-8, 2013
4th World Conference on Research Integrity, Research Rewards and Integrity: Improving Systems to Promote Responsible Research, May 31 - June 3, 2015
Case Study on Review process4 Pages
With kind permission of UKRIO and Elizabeth Wagner. Topic: Using information gathering by reviewing a paper
Case Study on Data Management3 Pages
With kind permission of UKRIO. Topic: Data Management (Collecting of data by someone else)
Case Study on Authorship3 Pages
With kind permission of UKRIO. Topic: Authorship
Case Study on Informed consent4 Pages
With kind permission of UKRIO. Topic: Informed consent.
Case Study on Plagiarism: Charlie West2 Pages
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. Topic: Plagiarism.
Case Study on Changing agreements: Jenny Ito2 Pages
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. Topic: Changing of agreements retropectively in studies with animals.
Developing a Well-Reasoned Response to a Moral Problem in Scientific Research by Muriel J. Bebeau (1995)7 Pages
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. A guideline how to find out and formulate a response to the training cases.
LiteratureTraining
Case Study on Omitting of data: Marty Brown1 Pages
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. Topic: Omitting of data.
Case Study on Ownership of data: Jessica Banks1 Pages
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. Topic: Ownership of data.
Case Study on Mentorship and Conflict of Interest: Bob Bailey2 Pages
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. Topic: Relationship among professor and graduate student (impact on the lab team, favouritism of the graduate student).
Moral Reasoning in Scientific Research. Cases for Teaching and Assessment by Bebeau, et al. (1995)
With kind permission of Kenneth Pimple. Content: Developing a Well-Reasoned Response to a Moral Problem in Scientific Research, The cases, The response sheets for each case.
Website of Researcher Daniele Fanellihttp://danielefanelli.com/index.html
Webpage of Danielle Fanelli who is of the first natural scientists who specialized in the study of scientific misconduct, bias and related issues, and has produced some of the largest studies assessing the prevalence of bias across disciplines and countries.
The Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty – Decisionshttp://ufm.dk/en/research-and-innovation/councils-and-commissions/the-danish-committees-on-scientific-dishonesty/decisions
Here you can find decisions from the Danish Committees on Scientific Dishonesty in anonymised form.
Annual reports/Case summariesAnnual reports/CasesLibraryResearch MisconductResearch Misconduct
The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) – Case Summarieshttps://ori.hhs.gov/case_summary
This page contains cases in which administrative actions were imposed due to findings of research misconduct.
Online Ethics Center (OEC) – Caseshttp://www.onlineethics.org/CMS/profpractice/ppcases.aspx
List and description of cases that are at least loosely based on real incidents, in order to give a realistic impression of the moral problems that face engineers.
Annual reports/CasesCase study collectionsOnline resourcesTraining
Biometrics: Use and Abuse in the Review of Research Performance, Wenner-Gren International Series, volume 87http://www.portlandpress.com/pp/books/online/wg87/default.htm
Table of contents: Part 1: Basic Considerations, Part II: Instruments of Measurement, Part III: Indicators for Rankings, Part IV: Journals, Editors and Publishers, Part V: Bibliometrics in the Humanities and Social Sciences and Part VI: Conclusions.
Good Research Practice by The Swedish Research Council's expert group on ethics (2011)131 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, About his book, What ethics dictate and the law demands, About research - What, why, how and for whom?, Ethics and other approval review, Handling of research material, Research collaboration, Publishing research results, Other roles of the researcher, Research misconduct and Key documents researchers should be familiar with.
Codes/GuidelinesEthicsGeneralLibraryResearch MisconductSweden
Responsible Research Publication: International Standards for Editors by S. Kleinert, L. Wager (2010)10 Pages
A position statement developed at the 2nd World Conference on Research Integrity, Singapore, July 22-24, 2010. This article gives information about editorial principles (Accountability and responsibility for journal content, Editorial independence and integrity, Editorial confidentiality, General editorial policies, Editorial policies relevant only to journals that publish research in humans or animals and Editorial Processes).
Research Integrity Practices in Science Europe Member Organisations by Science Europe (2016)50 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, The Survey: Rationale and Methodology, Summary of the Survey Results, Raising Awareness of Research Integrity, Research Integrity Training, Strengthening Collaboration and Monitoring Mobility, Sanctions.
Codes/GuidelinesCodes/GuidelinesCollaborative ScienceEuropeGeneralLibraryResearch MisconductTraining
Code of Conduct and Best Practice Guidelines for Journal Editors by COPE (2011)12 Pages
Table of contents: General duties and responsibilities of editors, Relations with readers, authors, editors, editorial board members, journal owners and publishers, Editorial and peer review processes, Protecting individual data, Encouraging ethical research (e.g. research involving humans or animals), Dealing with possible misconduct, Ensuring the integrity of the academic record, Intellectual property, Encouraging debate, Complaints, Commercial considerations, Conflicts of interest. ,
Australian Code for the Responsible Conduct of Research by NHMRC41 Pages
Table of contents: About the Code, Principles and Practices to encourage Responsible Research Conduct, Breaches of the Code, Research Misconduct, and the framework for resolving allegations, Appendices
A Code of Conduct for Biosecurity. Report by the Biosecurity Working Group (2008)44 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction and background, Biosecurity Code of Conduct, Explanatory notes to the text of the code of conduct, Background to a Biosecurity Code of Conduct, Appendices .
Codes/GuidelinesEthicsGeneralLibraryNetherlands
Office of Research Integrity (ORI)https://ori.hhs.gov/
The Office of Research Integrity (ORI) facilitates the responsible conduct of research through educational, preventive, and service activities. On the ORI website (RCR Resources) you will information on Collaborative Science, Data Management, Ethics, Mentorship, Plagiarism, Publication/Authorship and Research Misconduct)
Integrity needs common values more than common procedures by Nicole Föger (2013)1 Pages
Paper published on Research Europe, 2013.
Guidance for researchers on retractions in academic journals by UKRIO, COPE (2010)6 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Contents and suggested distrubution, Standards for retractions, corrections and expressions of concern, The responsibilities of researchers, organisations and authors, Further information.
Codes/GuidelinesInternationalLibraryPublication / AuthorshipUnited Kingdom
Stewards of Integrity. Institutional Approaches to Promote and Safeguard Good Research Practice in Europe by ESF (2008)56 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Data Basis, Approaches in individual countries, Summary and Outlook, References, Responsible officials and contact details.
A Guide to ethical writing by Michael Roig54 Pages
The primary purpose of this instructional resource is to identify the various types of unethical writing practices and to derive a set of guidelines to prevent individuals from committing them.
Codes/GuidelinesCodes/GuidelinesGeneralInternationalLibraryPlagiarismPublication / AuthorshipTraining
Code of Practice for Research. Promoting Good Practice and Preventing Misconduct by UKRIO (2009)27 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Principles, Standards for organisations and researchers, Appendix: Acknowledgements and bibiography.
Integrity in scientific research. Principles and procedures by Swiss Academies of Arts and Science (2008)29 Pages
Table of contents: Preface, Memorandum on scientific integrity and the handling of misconduct in the scientific context, Principles and procedures concerning integrity. IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH A. Introduction 13 B. Principles of scientific integrity 14
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibrarySwitzerland
Regulations/guidelines concerning scientific integrity issued by Swiss higher education institutions (2013)2 Pages
National Statement of Scientific Integrity by CSIC (2015)8 Pages
In English and Spanish. The present National Statement establishes ethical principles and professional responsibilities relating to research activity, and at the same time calls for joint efforts and commitment by all actors involved.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibrarySpain
Manual of Conflicts of Interest by CSIC (2015)50 Pages
Table of contents: Prologue, Aims and scope of the institutional policy on conflicts of interest, Conflicts of interest. Actual, apparent and potential conflicts, Activities, scenarios and situations that may involve conflicts of interest within CSIC, Implementation of the institutional conflicts of interest policy. Procedures and actions. Body responsible for implementation and oversight, Regulatory framework, Annex
Codes/GuidelinesConflicts of Interest & CommitmentGeneralLibrarySpain
The Netherlands Code of Conduct for Scientific Practice by VSNU (2012)15 Pages
This Netherlands Code of Conduct for Scientific Practice was drawn up at the request of the Association of Universities in the Netherlands (Vereniging van Universiteiten, VSNU). The Code consists of this preamble, the principles and the best practices. The Code is divided into five parts: I. Scrupulousness, II. Reliability, III. Verifiability, IV. Impartiality, V. Independence.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralLibraryNetherlands
National policy statement on Ensuring Research Integrity in Ireland (2014)24 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Commitments to foster and ensure research integrity, Commitment 1: Standards, Commitment 2: Education, Commitment 3: Collaboration for continuous improvement, Commitment 4: Action to address misconduct. confidence in the Irish research system.
Codes/GuidelinesGeneralIrelandLibrary
HRB Guidelines for Host Institutions on Good Research Practice5 Pages
Table of contents: Background, General principles on which these guidelines are based, Host institution policies and procedures, Integrity, Openness, Guidance from professional bodies and legislation, Supervision, Training, Ethical practice, Conducting the research, Primary data/samples, Publication of research results, Applying and exploiting results, Other relevant information sources.
Recommendations on Academic Integrity: Position Paper by German Council of Science and Humanities (2015)53 Pages
Table of contents: Preliminary remarks, Preamble: The term Academic Integrity, Taking stock (Recommendations and guidelines on good scientific practice, Implementation in Germany) Areas of action and recommendations (Enabling academic integrity, Research process and publication practice, Dealing with disputes, Influential factors and evaluation criteria, Areas of responsibility of stakeholders), Annexes
Responsible conduct of research and procedures for handling allegations of misconduct in Finland by Finnish Advisory Board on RI (2012)44 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, The responsible conduct of research, Violations of the responsible conduct of research, Guidelines for handling alleged violations of the responsible conduct of research.
Codes/GuidelinesFinlandGeneralLibrary
The Danish Code of Conduct for Research Integrity by Ministry of Higher Education and Science (2014)27 Pages
Table of contents: Foreword, Principles of Research Integrity, Responsible Conduct of Research, Research integrity teaching, training, and supervision, Research misconduct and breaches of responsible conduct of research, Appendix 1-3
Codes/GuidelinesDenmarkGeneralLibrary
Code of Ethics for Scientific Research in Belgium11 Pages
This "Code of Ethics for Scientific Research in Belgium" establishes the major principles of ethically justified scientific practice.
BelgiumCodes/GuidelinesEthicsGeneralLibrary
Guidelines for Good Scientific Practice by Austrian Agency for Research Integrity (2015)20 Pages
In line with international declarations on integrity in research, this document lays down fundamental principles of scientific and scholarly integrity and the resulting fundamental obligations for researchers. On the basis of those principles and fundamental obligations, it then proceeds to define requirements for the behaviour of scientists and researchers (Standards of Good Scientific Practice) as well as key forms of research misconduct.
AustriaCodes/GuidelinesGeneralLibrary
Investigating Research Misconduct Allegations in International Collaborative Research Projects by OECD (2009)14 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, Boilerplate Text for International Collaborative Research Projects, Requirements for misconduct investigation agreements in international research collaborations, Overarching Principles for Investigating Research Misconduct Allegations in International Collaborative Projects, Procedures for Investigating Research Misconduct Allegations in International Collaborative Research Projects, Communication Strategy.
Codes/GuidelinesCollaborative ScienceGeneralInternationalLibraryResearch Misconduct
Fostering Research Integrity in Europe by European Science Foundation, Final report (2010)44 Pages
Table of contents: Introductory Note, Executive Summary, The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, Implementing Research Integrity: Elements of a framework for research integrity governance, Conclusions and Recommendations.
Briefing Paper: Research Integrity: What it Means, Why it Is Important and How we Might Protect it by Science Europe Working Group on RI (2015)32 Pages
Table of contents: Introduction, What Are Research Integrity and Research Misconduct?, Efforts to Ensure Research Integrity, Conclusions, Bibliography and Notes
Seven Reasons to Care about Integrity in Research by Science Europe Working Group on RI (2015)12 Pages
This paper sets out seven key reasons why Science Europe Member Organisations, and research organisations in general, should be concerned about promoting research integrity amongst their research community.
European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity by ESF and ALLEA (2011)24 Pages
Table of contents: Foreword, Executive Summary (The Code, The Principles of Research Integrity, Misconduct, Good Research Practices), The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (The Code of Conduct, Background and Elucidation, Guidelines for Good Practice Rules, International Collaborative Research), Annexes, ESF Member Organisation Forum on Research Integrity and list of members, ALLEA Standing Committee on Science and Ethics and list of members
Codes/GuidelinesEuropeGeneralLibraryResearch Misconduct
Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations (2013)
The Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collaborations was developed as part of the 3rd World Conference on Research Integrity, 5-8 May 2013, in Montreal, as a global guide to responsible conduct of research.
Codes/GuidelinesCollaborative ScienceGeneralInternationalLibrary
215 documents or links were found


text:
CUBA – Agricultural exports to Cuba declined by more than $180 million
in 2009, down from a record $715 million in exports set in 2008,
according to a Texas AgriLife Extension Service economist.
The decline was a result of a number of factors, including the U.S.
recession, which restricted money flowing from Cuban Americans back
home, lower nickel prices, a slowdown in tourism to Cuba and
restrictions on payment terms used by US exporters, said Dr Parr Rosson,
AgriLife Extension economist and director of the Center for North
American Studies at Texas A&M University.
"The lack of money being sent back home to Cuba resulted in less
purchasing power and a big drop off in exports to Cuba," he said.
"As a result, the Cuban government has decided to try to revitalize
production of rice and milk."
US exports to Cuba included corn, wheat, soybeans, oil, meal and frozen
broilers. Texas-grown commodities exported to Cuba included cotton,
wheat and broilers, according to Dr Rosson.
"The decline is a result of a combination of factors," Dr Rosson said.
"Weak economies across the globe and a reduction in expenditures by
tourists. That decline accounted for about 15 percent compared to 2008.
The collapse in world nickel prices was also a big factor. The nickel
price dropped from $24 per pound in the 2007-2008 to $7 per pound
earlier this year."
Tourism accounted for a large portion of money flowing into the Cuban
economy, with Canadians among the most popular to frequent the country.
Approximately 933,000 out of 2.4 million tourists visiting Cuba in 2009
were Canadian.
"The beaches are a big draw during the wintertime," Rosson said. "(From
Canada) there are direct flights and all-inclusive packages at the major
beach resort, Varadero."
Agricultural commodities imported into Cuba that support the tourism
industry include beef steaks, chicken and pork, Dr Rosson said.
However, exports to Cuba could recover somewhat in the future. The
country's vegetable crops were wiped out by three hurricanes in 2008 and
are struggling to recover, and US payment terms have been revised,
allowing US exporters to be more competitive, Dr Rosson said.
"That's why Cuba had such a large import bill in 2008," he said.
"That, coupled with the decline of tourism and lower nickel prices means
the government is having difficulty importing foods. As a result, US
corn, wheat and soymeal exports to Cuba were all off by at least 50 per
cent for the first two months of 2010 compared to 2009."
http://www.themeatsite.com/meatnews/11615/us-agricultural-exports-to-cuba-fall

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


by Shaker Laurie, a Reading and English teacher in Minneapolis, escaped academic, spouse, and mom to the feistiest three-year-old on the block.
Earlier this week, National Public Radio published its "100 Best-Ever Teen Novels" list. Voted on by NPR readers/listeners from a list of 1200 nominations, also audience-submitted, the list is loaded with amazing writing—amazing writing about white protagonists. Only two—yes, two—books on the list are written about main characters of color: House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros and The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie.
Such an exclusive list isn't just problematic for teens of color; when white teens are told that the "good" books are all about white people, it normalizes the white experience and bolsters white privilege. For me, growing up in a community that was 99% white, reading was one of the first ways I was able to interact with narratives of people of color. Books lay a foundation on which kids can reflect on social justice and understand that the lives, conflicts, and struggles of people of color are important—that people of color are equal actors in the world. Yes, kids want to read about themselves, and that is important, but it is also critical for kids living with privilege to read about people living without those privileges, not just for some requisite "exposure to diversity," but because, if we want them to be committed to changing the world, they have to understand it needs to change.
The walls of my classroom are covered in photos of my students—90% of whom are of color—reading books. For most of them, the visual of themselves with books is new and exciting. For most kids, reading is not inherently boring; it is a world of escape and imagination. Kids want to see themselves as smart and successful, and reading comes along with that image, so it is inexcusable that NPR publish material that screams, "Good reading=whiteness." Those who champion literacy fight daily against the cultural message that reading is for white people, and according to NPR and its audience, it is.


text:
extern "C"
#endif
int setup_sigsegv();

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Barcelona director Andoni Zubizarreta believes that his side should have been awarded a penalty after their 2-1 Liga defeat to Real Madrid saw a late infraction on Adriano go uncalled.
The Brazilian full back looked to have been tripped in the area by a Sergio Ramos challenge but referee Miguel Perez waved play on, a decision that Zubizarreta feels denied his side the point that they deserved.
"The images are very clear on that incident, it was a clear penalty to Adriano," explained the former Blaugrana goalkeeper to reporters.
"It deserved to be a tied game, as it was an atypical Clasico, with a lot of intense play. Now we have to recover from this result for the next [Liga] game against Deportivo.
Barca interim coach Jordi Roura stopped short of echoing Zubizarreta's sentiments about the penalty incident, telling reporters: "The images are clear, I don't want to talk any more about it or the referee.
The 45-year-old also derided suggestions that his team were succumbing to fatigue, with two back to back losses to Madrid coming on the heels of a 2-0 reverse at AC Milan in the Champions League.
"We're playing several games lately but I don't think it's a physical problem. At least the team played well and worked hard. Matches are won or lost due to punctual actions, but we had control.
"It's difficult to play against same opponent in a few days. They are different competitions but it's always complicated, it's always like that in Bernabeu.
"Possession against Real Madrid is very important because they play from your mistakes. We've tried to have control of the match and we've done it. We had our chances.
Barcelona are in action next with a league match at home to Deportivo on March 9, before welcoming Milan for the second leg of their round of 16 tie three days later.


text:
package org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.common;

import org.apache.flink.api.common.eventtime.WatermarkStrategy;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.io.InputFormat;
import org.apache.flink.api.common.typeinfo.TypeInformation;
import org.apache.flink.api.connector.source.Boundedness;
import org.apache.flink.api.connector.source.Source;
import org.apache.flink.api.dag.Transformation;
import org.apache.flink.configuration.ReadableConfig;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.environment.StreamExecutionEnvironment;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.ParallelSourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.functions.source.SourceFunction;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.operators.StreamSource;
import org.apache.flink.streaming.api.transformations.LegacySourceTransformation;
import org.apache.flink.table.api.config.ExecutionConfigOptions;
import org.apache.flink.table.connector.ProviderContext;
import org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.DataStreamScanProvider;
import org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.InputFormatProvider;
import org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.ScanTableSource;
import org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.SourceFunctionProvider;
import org.apache.flink.table.connector.source.SourceProvider;
import org.apache.flink.table.data.RowData;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.connectors.TransformationScanProvider;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.delegation.PlannerBase;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.ExecNode;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.ExecNodeBase;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.ExecNodeConfig;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.ExecNodeContext;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.MultipleTransformationTranslator;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.spec.DynamicTableSourceSpec;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.stream.StreamExecNode;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.plan.nodes.exec.utils.TransformationMetadata;
import org.apache.flink.table.planner.utils.ShortcutUtils;
import org.apache.flink.table.runtime.connector.source.ScanRuntimeProviderContext;
import org.apache.flink.table.runtime.typeutils.InternalTypeInfo;
import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.LogicalType;
import org.apache.flink.table.types.logical.RowType;

import org.apache.flink.shaded.jackson2.com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;

import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Optional;

/**
 * Base {@link ExecNode} to read data from an external source defined by a {@link ScanTableSource}.
 */
public abstract class CommonExecTableSourceScan extends ExecNodeBase<RowData>
        implements MultipleTransformationTranslator<RowData> {

    public static final String SOURCE_TRANSFORMATION = "source";

    public static final String FIELD_NAME_SCAN_TABLE_SOURCE = "scanTableSource";

    @JsonProperty(FIELD_NAME_SCAN_TABLE_SOURCE)
    private final DynamicTableSourceSpec tableSourceSpec;

    protected CommonExecTableSourceScan(
            int id,
            ExecNodeContext context,
            ReadableConfig persistedConfig,
            DynamicTableSourceSpec tableSourceSpec,
            LogicalType outputType,
            String description) {
        super(id, context, persistedConfig, Collections.emptyList(), outputType, description);
        this.tableSourceSpec = tableSourceSpec;
    }

    @Override
    public String getSimplifiedName() {
        return tableSourceSpec.getContextResolvedTable().getIdentifier().getObjectName();
    }

    public DynamicTableSourceSpec getTableSourceSpec() {
        return tableSourceSpec;
    }

    @Override
    protected Transformation<RowData> translateToPlanInternal(
            PlannerBase planner, ExecNodeConfig config) {
        final StreamExecutionEnvironment env = planner.getExecEnv();
        final TransformationMetadata meta = createTransformationMeta(SOURCE_TRANSFORMATION, config);
        final InternalTypeInfo<RowData> outputTypeInfo =
                InternalTypeInfo.of((RowType) getOutputType());
        final ScanTableSource tableSource =
                tableSourceSpec.getScanTableSource(
                        planner.getFlinkContext(), ShortcutUtils.unwrapTypeFactory(planner));
        ScanTableSource.ScanRuntimeProvider provider =
                tableSource.getScanRuntimeProvider(ScanRuntimeProviderContext.INSTANCE);
        if (provider instanceof SourceFunctionProvider) {
            final SourceFunctionProvider sourceFunctionProvider = (SourceFunctionProvider) provider;
            final SourceFunction<RowData> function = sourceFunctionProvider.createSourceFunction();
            final Transformation<RowData> transformation =
                    createSourceFunctionTransformation(
                            env,
                            function,
                            sourceFunctionProvider.isBounded(),
                            meta.getName(),
                            outputTypeInfo);
            return meta.fill(transformation);
        } else if (provider instanceof InputFormatProvider) {
            final InputFormat<RowData, ?> inputFormat =
                    ((InputFormatProvider) provider).createInputFormat();
            final Transformation<RowData> transformation =
                    createInputFormatTransformation(
                            env, inputFormat, outputTypeInfo, meta.getName());
            return meta.fill(transformation);
        } else if (provider instanceof SourceProvider) {
            final Source<RowData, ?, ?> source = ((SourceProvider) provider).createSource();
            // TODO: Push down watermark strategy to source scan
            final Transformation<RowData> transformation =
                    env.fromSource(
                                    source,
                                    WatermarkStrategy.noWatermarks(),
                                    meta.getName(),
                                    outputTypeInfo)
                            .getTransformation();
            return meta.fill(transformation);
        } else if (provider instanceof DataStreamScanProvider) {
            Transformation<RowData> transformation =
                    ((DataStreamScanProvider) provider)
                            .produceDataStream(createProviderContext(config), env)
                            .getTransformation();
            meta.fill(transformation);
            transformation.setOutputType(outputTypeInfo);
            return transformation;
        } else if (provider instanceof TransformationScanProvider) {
            final Transformation<RowData> transformation =
                    ((TransformationScanProvider) provider)
                            .createTransformation(createProviderContext(config));
            meta.fill(transformation);
            transformation.setOutputType(outputTypeInfo);
            return transformation;
        } else {
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
                    provider.getClass().getSimpleName() + " is unsupported now.");
        }
    }

    private ProviderContext createProviderContext(ReadableConfig config) {
        return name -> {
            if (this instanceof StreamExecNode
                    && !config.get(ExecutionConfigOptions.TABLE_EXEC_LEGACY_TRANSFORMATION_UIDS)) {
                return Optional.of(createTransformationUid(name));
            }
            return Optional.empty();
        };
    }

    /**
     * Adopted from {@link StreamExecutionEnvironment#addSource(SourceFunction, String,
     * TypeInformation)} but with custom {@link Boundedness}.
     */
    protected Transformation<RowData> createSourceFunctionTransformation(
            StreamExecutionEnvironment env,
            SourceFunction<RowData> function,
            boolean isBounded,
            String operatorName,
            TypeInformation<RowData> outputTypeInfo) {

        env.clean(function);

        final int parallelism;
        if (function instanceof ParallelSourceFunction) {
            parallelism = env.getParallelism();
        } else {
            parallelism = 1;
        }

        final Boundedness boundedness;
        if (isBounded) {
            boundedness = Boundedness.BOUNDED;
        } else {
            boundedness = Boundedness.CONTINUOUS_UNBOUNDED;
        }

        final StreamSource<RowData, ?> sourceOperator = new StreamSource<>(function, !isBounded);
        return new LegacySourceTransformation<>(
                operatorName, sourceOperator, outputTypeInfo, parallelism, boundedness);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a {@link Transformation} based on the given {@link InputFormat}. The implementation
     * is different for streaming mode and batch mode.
     */
    protected abstract Transformation<RowData> createInputFormatTransformation(
            StreamExecutionEnvironment env,
            InputFormat<RowData, ?> inputFormat,
            InternalTypeInfo<RowData> outputTypeInfo,
            String operatorName);
}


"... Volume rendering is a technique for visualizing sampled scalar or vector fields of three spatial dimensions without fitting geometric primitives to the data. A subset of these techniques generates images by computing 2-D projections of a colored semitransparent volume, where the color and opacity at ..."
Volume rendering is a technique for visualizing sampled scalar or vector fields of three spatial dimensions without fitting geometric primitives to the data. A subset of these techniques generates images by computing 2-D projections of a colored semitransparent volume, where the color and opacity at each point are derived from the data using local operators. Since all voxels participate in the generation of each image, rendering time grows linearly with the size of the dataset. This paper presents a front-to-back image-order volume-rendering algorithm and discusses two techniques for improving its performance. The first technique employs a pyramid of binary volumes to encode spatial coherence present in the data, and the second technique uses an opacity threshold to adaptively terminate ray tracing. Although the actual time saved depends on the data, speedups of an order of magnitude have been observed for datasets of useful size and complexity. Examples from two applications are given: medical imaging and molecular graphics.
"... We propose a new rendering technique that produces 3-D images with enhanced visual comprehensibility. Shape fea-tures can be readily understood if certain geometric proper-ties are enhanced. To achieve this, we develop drawing algo-rithms for discontinuities, edges, contour lines, and curved hatchin ..."
We propose a new rendering technique that produces 3-D images with enhanced visual comprehensibility. Shape fea-tures can be readily understood if certain geometric proper-ties are enhanced. To achieve this, we develop drawing algo-rithms for discontinuities, edges, contour lines, and curved hatching. All of them are realized with 2-D image process-ing operations instead of line tracking processes, so that they can be efficiently combined with conventional surface rendering algorithms. Data about the geometric properties of the surfaces are preserved as Geometric Buffers (G-buffers). Each G-buffer contains one geometric property such as the depth or the normal vector of each pixel. By using G-buffers as interme-diate results, artificial enhancement processes are separated from geometric processes (projection and hidden surface re-moval) and physical processes (shading and texture map-ping), and performed as postprocesses. This permits a user to rapidly examine various combinations of enhancement techniques without excessive recompntation, and easily ob-tain the most comprehensible image. Our method can be widely applied for various purposes. Several of these, edge enhancement, line drawing illustra-tions, topographical maps, medical imaging, and surface analysis, are presented in this paper.
"... Although direct volume rendering is a powerful tool for visualizing complex structures within volume data, the size and complexity of the parameter space controlling the rendering process makes generating an informative rendering challenging. In particular, the specification of the transfer function ..."
"... One method of directly rendering a three-dimensional volume of scalar data is to project each cell in a volume onto the screen. Rasterizing a volume cell is more complex than rasterizing a polygon. A method is presented that approximates tetrahedral volume cells with hardware renderable transparent ..."
"... This paper describes VolumePro, the world's first single-chip realtime volume rendering system for consumer PCs. VolumePro implements ray-casting with parallel slice-by-slice processing. Our discussion of the architecture focuses mainly on the rendering pipeline and the memory organization. Vol ..."
"... Figure 1: Volume renderings of a 64 3 synthetic volume with four different curvature measures. Left to right: first principal curvature κ ..."
"... Recent research has demonstrated the usefulness of implicit surfaces for modeling geometric objects. The interactive design of such surfaces has not, however, received the same attention as has the design of parametric surfaces. Principally this is due to the difficulty of controlling the shape of i ..."
Recent research has demonstrated the usefulness of implicit surfaces for modeling geometric objects. The interactive design of such surfaces has not, however, received the same attention as has the design of parametric surfaces. Principally this is due to the difficulty of controlling the shape of implicit surfaces while displaying the changes quickly enough for use within an interactive design environment. This paper describes progress towards interactive control of implicit surfaces and introduces new techniques useful to the designer.


ABC Computer's offers tuition not only for computers, but also for laptops, tablets, phones and smart TV's as well as other devices. Not only can we teach you how to use your new device, we will also help you set up any accounts, install any accessories like printers, scanners, headsets, microphones and the like. We offer 1-on-1 training with our friendly tuition technician. Because the lessons are 1-on-1 we make these sessions as simple as you need, you can feel comfortable in your home, or our office learning at your own pace!


text:
Horror As 17-Year-Old Mother Throws Her 2-Year-Old Baby Into Tugwi River
LocalCrime and CourtsNews
By Audrey L Ncube	 Last updated Apr 8, 2021 2 minute read
Last updated on April 8th, 2021 at 11:12 am
Horror As 17-year-old Mother Throws Her 2-Year-Old Baby Into Tugwi River (Photo Credit: My Zimbabwe)
In a heart-wrenching development, a 17-year-old mother allegedly threw her 2-year-old daughter into the Tugwi River after having a misunderstanding with her younger brother.
The Nyevedzani Community of Chivi has been left in shock after it emerged that the young 17-year-old mother (name not supplied) threatened to take her own life before she threw her daughter into the river.
According to the states media, the incident only came to light after her grandmother, Esther Mujere reported the matter to the police.
It is in the States case that on the first of this month, the accused had a misunderstanding with her 16-year-old brother over relationship issues. Her younger brother allegedly reprimanded her for alleged promiscuity.
However, during the altercation, the accused is alleged to have threatened to commit suicide and it is further alleged that after the argument, she took her two-year-old daughter and threw her into the Tugwi river.
The accused was arrested in connection with her daughter's death. She has been remanded in custody to the 16th of this month.
Meanwhile, the infant's body is yet to be recovered.
In another related incident, in a suspected case of domestic violence 44-year-old, Elias Tokoda of Chivi district allegedly assaulted his wife to death.
Allegations are that on the 31st of last month, at around 11 pm, the accused allegedly assaulted his wife, Josephine Gutsa accusing her of allowing their stepdaughter to engage in promiscuity.
Gwezhira allegedly beat up his wife using a rubber whip until she fell unconscious.
The accused handed himself to the police after realizing that his wife had died.
Articles you may want to read:
Drunk Man Stabs Brother To Death After He Tried To Restrain Him From Assaulting Their Mother
Zimsec June Exams Cancelled
Zimunya Family Left In Tatters As Avenging Spirit Kills 50 Members
Tugwi River
Great Zimbabwe University Pro-Vice-Chancellor Accused Of Stealing 150 Road-Runner Chickens From A Janitor