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Sustainable sourcing
The Unilever Sustainable Living Plan for
About our strategy
Embedding sustainability
Improving Health & Well-being
Waste & packaging
Enhancing Livelihoods
Fairness in the workplace
Opportunities for women
Sustainable sourcing is vital to feeding the world's people while respecting the planet's resources – and essential to the responsible growth of our business.
People, planet and prosperity: why we all need sustainable agriculture to flourish
How will the world rise to the challenge of feeding over 9 billion people without depleting the planet's natural resources? How will we achieve our ambitions to grow Unilever responsibly, with a supply chain that both retains consumers' trust and creates new opportunities for positive social impacts and business growth?
We believe a big part of the answer to both questions can be found in the widespread adoption of sustainable agriculture – which is why we're committed to sourcing our agricultural raw materials sustainably.
Sustainable farming methods have the potential to increase farmers' yields considerably, mitigate the effects of climate change, and provide farmers, their families and their surrounding communities with opportunities to build more prosperous societies – so they can contribute to the UN's Sustainable Development Goals.
The business benefits are clear. Sourcing sustainably helps secure our supplies, and reduces risk and volatility in our raw material supply chains. It opens up opportunities for innovation: by focusing on people's sustainable living needs and consumer preference, we build stronger brands. Sustainable farming methods can also improve the quality of our products, such as our sauces, soups, dressings and ice creams.
Our products are used by 2.5 billion people a day – that's around a third of the people on the planet. We need around 7 million tonnes of agricultural raw materials to make our products – and millions of people play an important role in providing them. Making sure that these agricultural raw materials are sustainably produced is crucial to Unilever's purpose of making sustainable living commonplace.
The future of growth: facing the challenges & finding opportunities
Global supply chains are complex, and the production of food and other raw materials is linked to many issues, including deforestation, water scarcity and labour rights. But by using our scale, working with partners and harnessing advocacy, we believe we can help drive transformational change in these global systems while improving the sustainability of our own agricultural raw materials.
At the same time, by connecting us to millions of people in farming communities, our agricultural supply chain will be central to achieving the social ambitions of our Unilever Sustainable Living Plan – for example, by creating inclusive supply chains for the smallholder farmers who produce around 80% of the food consumed in emerging markets from Southern Asia to sub-Saharan Africa. This process increases the visibility we have of our supply chain, helping us address risks and find opportunities to innovate.
It also helps us maintain the trust of consumers and other stakeholders – trust that's essential to a progressive foods company that believes in nutritious food, grown sustainably.
How we're working towards sourcing our agricultural raw materials sustainably
Our approach has five main strands:
sustainably sourcing to the highest standards from our network of suppliers
driving change through continuous improvement policies with suppliers
raising awareness of sustainable sourcing among our consumers
playing a leading role in the transformation of agricultural sectors relevant to our business, particularly sustainable tea and palm oil
protecting biodiversity.
All involve working in partnership with others towards transforming global food systems. This includes collaborating with suppliers, farmers, NGOs, and local government, as well as working with other businesses in the sector. The work we are doing with smallholder farmers to achieve positive social impacts alongside sustainable agriculture is also described in Enhancing Livelihoods.
Programmes that drive change
Since the early 1990s, we have pioneered a number of programmes and initiatives designed to drive the highest standards of sustainable sourcing within our operations and supply chain, developing them alongside wider industry and multi-stakeholder initiatives. These programmes and policies, notably our Sustainable Agriculture Programme, our Unilever Sustainable Agriculture Code (PDF | 2MB) (SAC) and our Responsible Sourcing Policy (PDF | 9MB) (RSP), are at the heart of our approach.
When we launched our Unilever Sustainable Living Plan in 2010, we set a number of ambitious goals across our business, including to source 100% of our agricultural raw materials sustainably. Spurred on by those goals, we made rapid early progress through these programmes.
Evolving our approach
In 2016, we began a full review of our sustainable sourcing strategy to ensure we continue to evolve our approach and maximise our impact. We asked ourselves tough questions on how our supply chain can deliver the volumes of sustainable crops we need. And on how we can raise our standards – to manage risk as well as to enhance our positive social and environmental impact as we grow our business. We looked, too, at changing market dynamics and how sustainable sourcing is evolving across sectors.
This in-depth review highlighted the need for us to further strengthen our overall sustainable sourcing programme, and in particular to update our Sustainable Agriculture Code (SAC). Working together with our suppliers, we have made strong progress. However there is now a need for us to adapt our approach based on learnings over the last six years to further reduce risk, increase trust in our supply chain and create industry-wide change.
So in 2018 we are piloting certification against our Sustainable Agriculture Code 2017 (PDF | 2MB) at scale. The updated Code includes a stronger emphasis on social issues across five key areas (no deforestation; human rights, including Free, Prior and Informed Consent; legal compliance; migrant labour; and grievance processes for workers).
Our review also confirmed that while our strategic direction is the right one for our business, society and the environment, we are unable to reach our target by 2020 despite the considerable advances we've made. This is partly because of our lack of scale to achieve sufficient change across all crops. And partly because the length and complexity of some supply chains make it very difficult to develop a line of sight on the farmers at the very beginning of that supply chain, and thus to reassure ourselves that their practices are sustainable.
So we now need to concentrate our efforts where we can drive the greatest impact. This has led us to pinpoint a set of priority crops and commodities, which not only are crucial to our brands but are also where we can have most impact within their agricultural sectors. These include palm oil, paper and board, soy, sugar, tea, dairy, rapeseed, cereals, vegetables, cocoa, herbal infusions and vanilla.
We remain committed to sourcing our agricultural raw materials sustainably but recognise that this must be a longer-term ambition. We're also continuing to drive transformational change and enhance livelihoods across the industry.
We are committed to sourcing 100% of our agricultural raw materials sustainably by 2020.
56% of our agricultural raw materials were sustainably sourced by end 2017 (2016: 51%). This includes over 51% as physical sustainable sources (2016: 48%) and nearly 5% in the form of certificates, used mainly in soy and sugar (2016: 3%).
While our strategic review has confirmed that we will not meet our target of 100% sustainable sourcing by 2020, we will place more emphasis on social issues as we pilot our strengthened Sustainable Agriculture Code 2017 at scale in 2018. In tandem, from 2018 onwards we will focus our efforts on a number of priority crops and commodities where we can drive most impact within their agricultural sectors.
We will continue to drive transformational change and enhance livelihoods across the industry. For example, by repurposing the money we previously spent on GreenPalm certificates for palm oil, in 2017 we became the first corporate investor in the &Green Fund, which aims to de-risk private investment into large-scale, deforestation-free agricultural production and was set up in partnership with the Norwegian government and IDH, the Sustainable Trade Initiative.
See Targets & performance for more detail.
Seeing the benefits of ambition
We set ourselves an ambitious target for a reason: to create a new mindset and spur the innovation that can catalyse a step change in delivery, not only in our own business but across industries too.
We're seeing the benefits of these changes, and of the lessons we've learnt about achieving transformation in a system as complex as food. For example, we knew it was the right thing to do for our business when we set out to source all our tea sustainably in 2007, but we also knew there were many social and environmental issues to tackle.
They had to be addressed through a combination of action on the ground with partners to develop sustainable practices, and governments, industry and many other organisations to drive up standards. Today, 81%† of our tea is sustainably sourced, much of it from Kenya where 580,000 farmers working with the Kenya Tea Development Agency have achieved Rainforest Alliance certification for their farms. And Rainforest Alliance CertifiedTM tea now accounts for around a fifth of the world's tea production.
Future challenges
While progress has been made, we've always recognised that the changes needed to transform global food systems can only be effected through collective action. We take an active role in industry collaborations such as Field to Market and the Sustainable Agriculture Initiative (SAI) Platform, and we're working closely with others to develop industry standards of assurance and certification, particularly regarding labour rights and working conditions.
Nonetheless, we know that standards and certification alone do not in themselves guarantee solutions. To make sustainable living commonplace, we need to continue communicating the value of sustainable sourcing to consumers, which is already a central aim of many of our leading Food and Refreshment brands, see Grown for good. In doing so, we will influence their buying habits towards sustainably sourced products and drive growth for our business.
For more see Our approach to sustainable sourcing.
†Independently assured by PwC
Expand for more on Sustainable sourcing
Targets & performance
We have set targets for a number of our agricultural raw materials.
By 2020 we will source 100% of our agricultural raw materials sustainably: 10% by 2010; 30% by 2012; 50% by 2015; 100% by 2020.
56% of our agricultural raw materials were sustainably sourced by end 2017 (2016: 51%). This includes over 51% as physical sustainable sources (2016: 48%) and nearly 5% in the form of certificates used mainly in soy and sugar (2016: 3%).
Many of our raw materials come from farms and plantations. The decisions we make on who we source from, and how we work with them, can have profound implications on global natural resources and climate change. They also have a wider social impact on human development, affecting the livelihoods of many.
By sourcing sustainably, we can protect scarce resources. We want to eliminate deforestation and ensure that land use and social and community issues are managed responsibly. For our business, sustainable sourcing means we ensure security of supply while managing our environmental footprint and reducing market volatility.
Over 2016–2017 we undertook an in-depth review of our sustainable sourcing strategy to ensure we continue to evolve our approach and maximise our impact. While we have made good progress, the review highlighted the need for us to further strengthen our overall sustainable sourcing programme, and in particular to update our Sustainable Agriculture Code (SAC).
So in 2018 we are piloting our Sustainable Agriculture Code 2017 at scale. The updated Code includes a stronger emphasis on social issues across five key areas (no deforestation; human rights, including Free, Prior and Informed Consent; legal compliance; migrant labour; and grievance processes for workers).
So we now need to concentrate our efforts where we can drive the greatest impact. This has led us to pinpoint a set of priority crops and commodities, which are not only crucial to our brands, but also where we can have most impact within their agricultural sectors. These include palm oil, paper and board, soy, sugar, tea, dairy, rapeseed, cereals, vegetables, cocoa, herbal infusions and vanilla.
See Our strategy above for further detail.
Achieved 3
On-Plan 10
Off-Plan 1
Of target achieved 3
Key to our performance
This is the number of targets we have achieved
On-Plan
This is the number of targets we are on track to achieve
This is the number of targets we are currently not on track
Of target achieved
This is the percentage of the target we are on track to achieve
Please see Independent Assurance for more details of our assurance programme across the Unilever Sustainable Living Plan.
We will purchase all palm oil from physically certified sustainable sources by 2019.
56%†* of palm oil from physically certified sources in 2017, achieved through a combination of segregated and mass balance supply.
Palm oil is one of our priority raw materials. In 2016 we refreshed our Sustainable Palm Oil Sourcing Policy and brought forward our target for purchasing 100% physically certified palm oil from 2020 to 2019. In 2017 we reached 56%† from physically certified sources for our core volumes* (from RSPO Mass Balance, RSPO Segregated or an equivalent standard that is independently verified by a third party).
In 2016 we decided to stop buying GreenPalm certificates. We aim to repurpose $50 million over five years that would have been spent on GreenPalm certificates and invest it in jurisdictional partnerships – to increase the availability of certified sustainable palm oil and scale up direct sourcing from smallholder farmers. In 2017 we committed to invest up to $25 million in the &Green Fund, which aims to de-risk private investment into large-scale, deforestation-free agricultural production and was set up in partnership with the Norwegian Government and IDH.
* From 2017 we report only core volumes of palm oil. Core volumes exclude derivatives of palm fatty acid distillates (which are by-products of the refining process), tail ingredients and materials processed by third-party manufacturers.
Transforming the palm oil industry
Sustainable paper and board
We will source 75% of the paper and board for our packaging from certified sustainably managed forests or from recycled material by 2015. We will reach 100% by 2020.
98% of our paper and board came from certified sustainably managed forests or from recycled material by end 2017.
Paper and board are one of our priority raw materials and we reached 98% sustainably sourced in 2017.
Of this, 79% was received with a third-party certification claim and full chain of custody to demonstrate that it came from sustainably managed forests or recycled material. The remaining 19% came from recycled material.
There are challenges for our suppliers in providing verifiable evidence to support the make-up of uncertified products in our recycled material. So in 2016 we set a new ambition to accelerate the volume of certified recycled products we purchase by 2019 and to source the recycled fibre from suppliers with third-party certification.
Asking our suppliers to certify recycled materials offers reassurance for our business and equally importantly, helps build the market for certified recycled materials.
Sustainable paper & board sourcing
We will source sustainably all soy beans by 2014 and all soy oils by 2020.
100% soy beans purchased from sustainable sources by end 2014.
72%† soy oil covered from sustainable sources by end 2017.
We achieved our target to source 100% of our soy beans sustainably by 2014 (through the physical purchase of RTRS certified beans).
Soy is one of our priority crops and in 2017, 72%† of our soy oil came from sustainable sources. This includes Round Table on Responsible Soy (RTRS) certified soy oil, RTRS certificates redeemed in 2017 and self-verified soy oil in the US.
In Iowa in the US, we're working with soy farmers and soy oil suppliers to increase the use of cover crops as a way of protecting their soil. From just 26 farmers in 2015, the pilot project grew to around 170 farmers cropping more than 26,000 acres in 2017.
Sustainable soy, rapeseed & sunflower oils
Sustainable tea
By 2015 we aim to have the tea in all Lipton tea bags sourced from Rainforest Alliance Certified™ estates.
Since 2015, 100% of the tea in our Lipton tea bag blends has come from Rainforest Alliance Certified™ sources.
By 2020, 100% of Unilever's tea, including loose tea, will be sustainably sourced.
Overall, 81%† of the tea purchased for all our brands was sourced from sustainable sources in 2017: 71% was Rainforest Alliance Certified™ and 10% was trustea Verified.
Tea is one of our priority crops and we buy around 10% of the world's black tea. In 2007 we were the first major tea company to commit to sustainably sourcing tea on a large scale. In 2015, we met our target for 100% of the tea in Lipton's tea bag blends to come from sustainable sources. By 2017, 81%† of all our tea came from certified sustainable sources.
In 2017 we worked on around 40 major programmes in our tea supply chain, with objectives such as increasing tea workers' and smallholders' incomes, improving health, empowering women, improving sanitation, addressing climate change and supporting biodiversity - with individual programmes often tackling multiple issues. For example, through field trials we commissioned from the Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International, over 2015–2017 we've demonstrated that it's possible to avoid using pesticides in Indian tea gardens by taking an ecological approach to pest management.
Sustainable tea - leading the industry Transparency in our UK tea supply chain
Sustainable fruit and vegetables
We will purchase 100% of our fruit from sustainable sources by 2015.
67% of fruit purchased sustainably by end 2015; 86% by end 2017.
We will purchase 50% of our top 13 vegetables and herbs from sustainable sources by 2012 and 100% by 2015. This accounts for over 80% of our global vegetable and herb volume.
92% of our top 13 vegetables and herbs purchased from sustainable sources by end 2015, up from 59% in 2012. We reached 98% in 2017.
Fruit and vegetables is a complex portfolio of materials with a very large and diverse supply base, making it difficult to achieve our 100% target across the entire portfolio by 2015. By 2017, 86% of our fruit was sustainably sourced, but it will not be one of our priority crops from 2018 onwards.
While vegetables are one of our priority crops, getting from 98% to 100% by 2020 remains a challenge as for some of the vegetables we buy, the volumes are either small (making it hard to influence the market for sustainable supplies) or are technically difficult to convert to sustainable practices.
Sustainable fruit & vegetables
We will source cocoa sustainably for our Magnum ice cream by 2015. All other cocoa will be sourced sustainably by 2020.
98% of cocoa for Magnum sustainably sourced through Rainforest Alliance certification by end 2015; 98% by 2017.
Overall, 70% of all cocoa sourced sustainably.
Magnum is our biggest ice cream brand and is on sale in 52 countries, with all but three of them now sourcing Rainforest Alliance Certified™ cocoa. The challenge remains in sourcing Rainforest Alliance Certified™ cocoa for Brazil, Venezuela and Israel where the availability of certified beans is limited. As cocoa is one of our priority crops, we are looking for alternative solutions to complete the final conversion.
We remain on track towards our 2020 target of sourcing all our cocoa sustainably, increasing from 64% in 2016 to 70% in 2017.
Sustainable cocoa & sugar
Sustainable sugar
We will source all sugar sustainably by 2020.
67% of sugar sustainably sourced by end 2017.
We verify sugar beet primarily against our Sustainable Agriculture Code (SAC) and mainly use Bonsucro certification for sugar cane. In 2017 we bought self-assessed and physical, certified sugar (beet and cane, 37%) and covered the rest of our sugar requirements with Bonsucro credits. Sugar is one of our priority crops.
In Europe, in 2016 our supplier Nordzucker became one of the first to complete the Farm Sustainability Assessment developed by the SAI Platform and agreed by many businesses as a common code for the industry. While Nordzucker's sugar already met our SAC standards, we welcome the transition to SAI as a step towards mainstreaming sustainability.
On cane sugar, we pursued our dual strategy of creating more physical capacity on the ground while continuing to apply credits. Through the Bonsucro platform, a not for-profit, multi-stakeholder organisation promoting sustainable sugar cane, we are working in the Americas and Asia to apply this approach.
Sustainable sunflower oil
We will source all sunflower oil sustainably by 2020.
45% of sunflower oil sustainably sourced by end 2017.
In recent years, we've made good progress in sustainably sourcing our sunflower oil, increasing our volume to 53% in 2016 by rolling out our programme with our partners Cargill and ADM, and buying our first volumes of oil from sunflowers grown in Turkey and Argentina using our Sustainable Agriculture Code.
However, as a result of the in-depth review of sustainable sourcing that we began in 2016, we have decided to concentrate our efforts where we can drive the greatest impact. This means we will focus on a set of priority crops and commodities, which are not only crucial to our brands, but also where we can have most impact within their agricultural sectors. So from 2018 onwards sunflower oil will no longer be one of our priority crops but we will continue to prioritise the sustainable sourcing of rapeseed, soy and palm oil.
Sustainable rapeseed oil
We will source all rapeseed oil sustainably by 2020.
84% of rapeseed oil sustainably sourced by end 2017.
Rapeseed oil is one of our priority crops and we continue to make steady progress. In 2017, the vast majority of our European rapeseed volumes were sourced sustainably. This includes the oil for our German Rama spreads, and Hellmann's mayonnaise in the UK. It also covers all our Flora range in the UK. The majority of these volumes are being sourced locally from growers located near our manufacturing plants.
We continue to work with our suppliers and other partners, including on a joint approach with our partner Bunge in Canada, where more than 214 farmers were signed up to our Sustainable Agriculture Code programme in 2017. In close co-operation with our farm advisers, Control Union, these farmers have transitioned their practices to our Sustainable Agriculture Code's requirements well ahead of schedule.
Sustainable dairy
We will source all dairy produce sustainably by 2020.
74% of dairy produce sustainably sourced by end 2017.
Dairy is one of our priority crops and we continued to make good progress, increasing our sustainable supply to 74% in 2017.
Suppliers and farmers have achieved sustainable dairy status in countries as far apart as the US, Uruguay, Europe and New Zealand.
In Turkey we are trialling ways of reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with milk – including techniques that aim to improve the comfort, health and longevity of cows.
We also continued our efforts to convert industry sectors to a sustainable sourcing standard, building on our success in Australia and Ireland – where since 2013 and 2015 respectively, the dairy sector has had programmes that are equivalent to our Sustainable Agriculture Code.
Fairtrade Ben & Jerry's
All flavours of Ben & Jerry's ice cream will be Fairtrade certified by 2013.
77% of Ben & Jerry's ice cream flavours achieved Fairtrade certification in 2013. We reached 100% in 2014.
Ben & Jerry's ice creams were the first to use Fairtrade (FT) ingredients in 2005. By the end of 2011 in Europe, we achieved Fairtrade certification for all our products produced and distributed in Europe.
In 2012, due to issues around quality and availability, we found we could not source all the FT-certified ingredients we needed for a global conversion. So we revised our target from our previous 'all ingredients' to 'all flavours' certified.
We identified that by using FT ingredients for the five major commodities in all our base mixes and for our chunks and swirls, and following proper Fairtrade derogation procedures, all our ice cream flavours would qualify for Fairtrade certification by 2013. We reached 77% in 2013.
In 2013 we also decided to source only non-GMO ingredients by seed source. As this added complexity to our conversion programmes, we delayed our plans, achieving FT-certification for all our flavours in 2014.
Ben and Jerry's
We aim to move to 100% cage-free eggs for all our products,* including Ben & Jerry's ice cream and Hellmann's, Amora and Calvé mayonnaises.
* Where allowed by local legislation.
61% of eggs were cage-free by end 2017.
Our research shows that consumers prefer products made with cage-free eggs. We use eggs in mayonnaises, dressings, sauces and ice cream. However, the conditions in which eggs are produced vary widely around the world. We take animal welfare seriously as a social and ethical concern and were one of the first global companies to work with egg suppliers to start sourcing cage-free eggs.
In Western Europe, Hellmann's, Amora and Calvé have been 100% cage-free since 2009, and with the conversion of our supply chain in Eastern Europe, all our European products were able to use cage-free eggs by 2014.
Ben & Jerry's ice cream has used only cage-free eggs in Europe since 2004; by the end of 2011, 99% of all eggs used in Ben & Jerry's ice cream mix worldwide were cage-free too.
In 2018 we announced our commitment to convert all our egg supplies to cage-free by 2025.
Farm animal welfare
Sustainable sourcing of office materials
By 2013 we will source all paper-based office materials for our top 21 countries from either certified sustainable forests or recycled sources.
100% of paper-based materials from certified sustainable forests or recycled sources by end 2013.
Our commitment covers office paper products such as printer paper, note books and envelopes. By using paper from sustainable or recycled sources, we avoid using wood from non-sustainable sources, helping our aim to end deforestation.
We achieved our target in 2013, when 100% of our paper-based office materials for our top 21 countries came from either certified, sustainable forests or recycled sources. All our suppliers sign a certificate of compliance, and we monitor compliance via quarterly reporting. Where necessary, we have changed from non-sustainable products to sustainable products.
We then extended our ambition from the top 21 countries to all other countries in Europe and Latin America, with the aim of reaching 100% compliance by the end of 2015, which we achieved.
While we no longer report on this target as we achieved it in 2013, we continue to drive greater use of sustainable paper across our business.
Cutting office impacts


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Otto Popp ist der Name folgender Personen:

* Otto Popp (Entomologe) (vor 1878–nach 1934), böhmisch-österreichischer Entomologe
 Otto Popp (Pädagoge), deutscher Pädagoge und Autor

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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FM Zarif reminds US of its boundaries
MNA – Iran's Foreign Minister Mohammad Javad Zarif in a tweet on Thursday posted a map showing the borders of Iran and the United States to remind the White House of the US boundaries and the necessity of respecting other countries' territories.
Zarif re-tweeted a map originally posted on June 22 that shows the borders of Iran and the United States, captioning it with a single word: "Reminder".
His tweet came a few hours after US President Trump claimed that a US ship had shot down an Iranian drone in the Strait of Hormuz.
Trump said that the USS Boxer fired on the drone Thursday, four weeks after Iran shot down a US surveillance drone flying over Iranian waters near the Strait of Hormuz.
"The Boxer took defensive action against an Iranian drone, which had closed into a near distance, approximately 1000 yards, ignoring multiple calls to stand down threatening safety of ship and ship's crew," Trump said.
He added that Iran's drone "was immediately destroyed," and the Pentagon claimed the Iranian drone was within a "threatening range" of the US ship.
Meanwhile, Zarif said he was not aware of any downing of an Iranian drone.
"We have no information about losing a drone today," Zarif told reporters at the United Nations before a meeting with Secretary-General Antonio Guterres.
The incident also happened a few hours after Iran's Islamic Revolution Guards Corps (IRGC) said it had seized a foreign tanker that was smuggling fuel in the Persian Gulf near the Strait of Hormuz.
The tensions between Washington and Tehran have been escalating under Trump. Leading a policy of "maximum pressure," the US quit a United Nations-ratified nuclear agreement between Iran and six world states. It then proceeded to restore the sanctions that had been lifted under the deal.
It has, in addition, sent an aircraft carrier strike group, a bomber task force, an amphibious assault ship, and some 1,500 more forces to the region.[wysija_form id="1″]
Iran-US tensions, Iranian drone, Mohammad Javad Zarif, White House	July 19, 2019
Zarif: We have no information about losing drone
Iran rejects Trump's claim on downing of Iranian drone

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: OSB fn-bea functions using Xquery processor in Java Hi i am trying to unit test xqueries that are used in OSB ,using  oracle's Xquery processor for java . refer link below
http://docs.oracle.com/database/121/ADXDK/adx_j_xqj.htm#ADXDK187
The Xquery is using some fn-bea functions (http://docs.oracle.com/cd/E13167_01/aldsp/docs25/xquery/extensions.html)
The functions are not recognized by the Xquery Processor .
We are thing of desclaring these functions as external Functions and use them .
However we need to know the exact class and method name for each bea function .
Can some tell me the Class and method names for these fn-bea functions and the jar names .

A: The fn-bea module is not intended for use in the standalone XQuery Processor for Java.  You can import the module as shown below but some of the functions will not work in this context.
import module namespace fn-bea = 'http://www.bea.com/xquery/xquery-functions';
fn-bea:trim('  hello  ')

There is no guarantee that this module will be available in future releases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Responsible for an estimated 7,000 deaths each year in the US.
On June 25, 1938, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed it into a law.
Anti-Aging Products Are Not Drugs!
Does the withdrawal of Import Alert 66-38 signal a change of heart at the US Food and Drug Administration?
Could this mean less scrutiny for cosmetics?
The unintentional conversion of personal care products through marketing.
The New Frontier for Drug Stores...from Brow Bars to Beer on Tap!
Kline's Karen Doskow on the evolution of this important channel.


The next time you are traveling along Route 47 between Woodstock and Hebron, look for a sunlit oak savanna on the east side of the road where the road crosses the Nippersink Creek. The savanna marks the place where the Shaw family once pastured their dairy cows. The cows are long gone, but the son that spent so much time playing and working on this land is still there.
"It was pretty well pastured when my parents first moved to the farm in 1939," recalls Lloyd Shaw. "The cows were allowed to run loose up until the late fifties, when my dad fenced in the pasture on the west side of the creek. At that time, the Extension Service was encouraging farmers to plow into wetlands and plant reed canary grass to provide more pasture land for the cows. That worked great until the grass got to be about ten inches tall and then the cattle wouldn't eat it."
"Later on, my parents sold off the house and barn, but kept 26 acres of pasture. After they passed away, my sister and I inherited it, and I eventually bought my sister's share."
Some of you may know Lloyd as Dr. Shaw, the recently retired veterinarian who practied for many years in Woodstock. He's spent a lot of his free time over the past fifteen years clearing brush and adding more wildflowers. And he plans to continue now that he's retired.
"When I was a kid, all the neighbors would gather here every Fourth of July. We'd have a big picnic and spend all day here. At 4:00 everyone went home to do chores. Then they'd all come back and have supper. It was a lot of fun."
The creek meanders past oak and hickory groves, wetlands and prairie. "In the spring, when the creek was high, we'd make rafts and ride down the creek. We'd have campfires down there and camp out, and catch suckers and carp and then let them go."
Lloyd wanted to make sure this place that holds so many memories will be preserved forever. He worked with TLC on a conservation easement that will permanently protect it from future development. It will always be a place where the oaks and hickories grow. And maybe someday, kids will once again camp out here, catch fish and float down the river in a homemade raft.


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Wroe or WROE may refer to:

People
 Corban Wroe (born 1992), Australian basketball player
 James Wroe (1788–1844), radical English newspaper editor
 John Wroe (1782–1863), British evangelist
 Nicky Wroe (born 1985), English soccer player
 Richard Wroe (1641–1717), English Christian preacher
 Sean Wroe (born 1985), Australian sprinter

Other
 Wroe Alderson (1898–1965), Marketing pioneer
 WROE-LP, a low-power radio station (95.7 FM) licensed to serve Roanoke, Virginia, United States
 WBDL-LD, a low-power television station (channel 18, virtual 8) licensed to serve Elk Mount, Wisconsin, United States, which held the call sign WROE-LP from 2010 to 2014
 WYDR, a radio station (94.3 FM) licensed to serve Neenah-Menasha, Wisconsin, which held the call sign WROE from 1971 to 2010


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Brochures and booklets
Aviation, the space industry and defence
Pepeliaev Group has extensive experience of providing legal support to companies in the aviation, space and defence sectors. Sample projects:
Providing legal support on an investment project to develop Yemelyanovo International Airport in Krasnoyarsk;
Projects regarding VAT exemptions in relation to the servicing of aircraft in Russian airports;
Antimonopoly issues across the board: obtaining the approval of Russia's Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) for transactions, handling litigation projects and so on;
Restructuring the staff of a major Russian air carrier.
Pepeliaev Group advises prominent Russian and international insurance companies on all branches of law. The matters range from adjusting the forms of template contracts to complex issues relating to insurance reserves, and issues of insurance and tax relating to major construction work.
Our firm has a track record of representing both insurers and policy holders in disputes concerning insurance payouts worth up to RUB 25 million.
Pepeliaev Group provides the full range of services associated with legal support to agriculture companies:
Acting in transactions involving the sale and purchase of agriculture businesses, including transactions in different regions;
Performing legal due diligence on land plots and offering support in transactions with land;
Providing advisory services and representing clients in court on transfer pricing issues;
Major litigation projects, including challenging the outcome of a field tax audit.
Pepeliaev Group has significant experience in giving legal advice when major sports events are staged, as well as providing legal support to sporting brands.
Instructed by the Russian Federation's Presidential Administration, Pepeliaev Group was involved in drawing up the Federal Law governing the staging of the Sochi Winter Olympics, including issues relating to the construction of Olympic facilities and the application of tax and customs law;
The firm is acting for FIFA in its negotiations with the Russian government in relation to the raft of sports-related legislation and subordinate legislation in the context of the 2018 football World Cup;
Providing legal support to a well known sportswear manufacturer in the context of its opening stores throughout Russia.
Pepeliaev Group provides support to companies from various parts of the engineering sector, including rail transport providers, suppliers of equipment for the oil and chemical industries, and shipbuilders.
Transactional support;
Tax audits;
Timber, and the pulp and paper industry
Pepeliaev Group has handled a range of projects in the timber and the pulp and paper industries. Sample projects:
Drew up a conceptual framework for purchasing land plots from lands designated for agricultural use with a view to constructing timber mills;
Represented clients when they obtained loans from the EBRD and subordinated loans from the IFC;
Handled disputes with administrative authorities in cases that involved a company's operations being suspended and administrative penalties being imposed.
Among our clients are the foremost companies in the timber and the pulp and paper industries, including Austrian, American, Scandinavian and Russian concerns.
Pepeliaev Group provides legal support to companies in the chemical sector. Sample projects:
Provided legal assistance to an international chemical company during negotiations with one of its suppliers to achieve an out-of-court settlement in a dispute in which EUR 6 million was at stake. The dispute was settled through the mutual agreement of the parties. The parties entered into a new contract based on the outcome of the negotiations;
On behalf of a European manufacturer in the chemical sector, we handled a case to recover debt from a buyer and its surety. Both Dutch law and Russian law were applicable, the former governing the supply contract and the latter governing the suretyship agreement. An additional factor complicating the proceedings was that the defendants attempted to have these transactions declared invalid.
Pepeliaev Group recognises the responsibility the firm has to society, and we therefore provide legal support not only to businesses but to clients in the social sector. Sample projects:
Providing legal assistance to Russia's most visited Museum, the Museum of the Moscow Kremlin;
Legal support to publicly funded bodies, which has involved advisory projects and litigating with the tax authorities, among other things concerning whether a publicly funded body could apply a property tax benefit in relation to a one-of-a-kind real estate facility.


text:
28 Weeks Later er en britisk/spansk horror science fiction-film fra 2007, instrueret af Juan Carlos Fresnadillo

Handling

28 Weeks Later foregår 28 uger senere, efter at Rage Virus brød ud i Storbritannien og gjorde alle, der blev inficerede med den, til zombie-lignende mennesker, der morderisk kastede sig over alt og alle. Efter 28 uger, er alle, som er smittet med Rage Virus døde af sult, og en amerikansk styrke trænger ind i London og erklære den fri for virusen.
Nu vil man bygge London (Isle of Dogs) op igen, for at dem, der overlevede Rage Virus kan flytte tilbage til deres hjem.
Men efter kort tid finder man et menneske, der er smittet med virusen, men hun viser ingen symptomer på, at hun er smittet. Så den amerikanske styrke tager hende hen til laboratoriet og finder så ud af, at hun er immun over for Rage Virus. Men hun har muligheden for at smitte andre...

Medvirkende
 Catherine McCormack som Alice Harris
 Robert Carlyle som Donald Harris
 Jeremy Renner som Sgt. Doyle
 Harold Perrineau som Flynn
 Rose Byrne som Major Scarlet
 Imogen Poots som Tammy Harris
 Mackintosh Muggleton som Andy Harris

Eksterne henvisninger

Film fra Spanien
Zombiefilm
Britiske film fra 2007


London, June 30, 2017 – Harlex Consulting, the UK business for the SNP Group, is changing its name today to SNP UK.
This change allows SNP to go to the UK market with one voice and one clear message: SNP is the industry standard for SAP transformation. It reflects the growing importance of the SAP transformation market in the UK and the increasing impact of business and IT trends such as M&A, Cloud and SAP HANA.
"The ability to respond quickly to changes in the competitive landscape is a key advantage in today's global economy and SNP, which is trusted by clients across the world to automate and accelerate their SAP transformation programmes, is ideally placed to help them", said Ben McGrail, Managing Director of SNP UK.
This change is effective immediately and follows the acquisition of Harlex Consulting by the SNP Group on 1 October 2016.


On the big day, you want your wedding guests to be comfortable and impressed by every detail. This is a day when your personalities are coming together, when your families are coming together, and when you want to show what your love and dedication to each other means to you. At Howell and Dragon, we have seen incredible and beautiful weddings unfold and culminate in our wedding reception venue. We believe that we have created the ideal wedding hall for your big day and look forward to assisting you in making your wedding one that your guests will be talking about for years to come.
Please visit their website http://www.howellanddragon.com/wedding/ to obtain more information about their amazing services.


text:
DIGITALA KÖP
Magasin start
More Independent People
By Peter Santesson
Many like individualism when it appears as the desire to be unique and achieve self-realisation. But what needs to be strengthened is personal autonomy: to be independent and able to stand on one's own feet.
In the movie Office Space, the waitress, Joanna, gets yelled at by her boss because she does not express her individuality sufficiently.
She has only put on 15 'personal' badges on her restaurant uniform, which is the minimum requirement for the originality of staff attire.
'Personal expressiveness' is actually the restaurant's concept. The waitress objects that she has met the requirement. "Certainly", responds the boss. But still. Why can she not try to and express herself more individually than that? Why can she not be more like her colleague, who has adorned his uniform with fully 37 personally selected badges?
Talk about individuality! Joanna then decides to resign.
Being an independent individual today is something obviously good. But what does it mean? Joanna's conflict with her boss touches upon the double meaning of the term. On the one hand, the individual is unique and authentic, not a copy of someone else. The boss just wants Joanna to let out her personality. However, an individual is also autonomous.
She herself sets the framework for how she lives her life. The conflict between Joanna and her boss reflects a broader shift in how individualism is perceived. Simply put, it looks as if Joanna's boss is about to win. Being an individual begins increasingly to be about having 37 personal badges on her uniform. It does not bode well.
Once upon a time there were no individuals, not in the sense we use the word. It was through the emergence of state power they arose – partly as a side effect.
How can society be organised and predictable if there is no state power that can control the territory and pass laws?
The question sounds like a philosophical exercise, but it is in fact possible to respond both anthropologically and historically. The answer sheds light on the conditions for the individual's emergence. Today, there are many geographical areas where state power's grip is significantly weaker than in the West. When comparing social systems across time and space, there is a striking difference between the individual's circumstances where the state is weak or absent and where the state is strong.
As the state grew, competition arose in the area. The production of social order was not an empty niche. The problem was just resolved in another way. In the common liberal historiography, the story tends to be that individuals decided to form states because life was so miserable when they were left to themselves. By pointing to the misery of not having a state and analysing the demands that independent individuals have in wanting to establish themselves in a state, one seeks to legitimise its existence.
But then one turns to the causal chain. Indeed, it is virtually impossible to produce one's own security and social structure that one needs in order to live a decent life. But, for that very reason, societies without centralised government power have not been based on individuality, but solve the problem of order in a completely different way. There prevails the tribe or clan. Safety and security are produced at the family level – real families that share an actual ancestor, or imagined families and tribes that share a symbolic loyalty. In such an environment, the individual is swallowed up, and their status, duties and loyalties are not the result of their own actions, choices and commitments. They are a function of a group identity into which the individual just happened to be born and cannot get out of. It is when a central government power has managed to displace a clan empire that the conditions arise for individualism and independent individuals. It was not the individual who created the state, but the state that created the individual.
Such is the thesis that Mark S. Weiner posits in the well-researched book, The Rule of the Clan (2013). Through comparisons between historical clan societies such as Scotland and contemporary regions where the state is either absent (Somalia) or relatively weak (e.g., Afghanistan and Pakistan) Weiner captures the unifying traits of clan societies and analyses what they mean for the people who live in them.
The clan has long been the dominant way of structuring communities, so the specific expressions and idiosyncrasies vary enormously. Nevertheless, there is a common core, a clan society's logic.
A clan structure includes the individual in an alliance of loyalty and honour connections to other clan members. The clan provides protection and security, but it also requires reciprocity: the individual has the same obligations to his clan. The connections are not self-chosen – but this applies not only to the clan's expectations of the individual, but also to how the individual is regarded by other clans. If I, by other clans, am still held responsible and hunted for actions that other people in my family have done, I have no choice but to seek my own family for protection. The clan logic, in that way, becomes mandatory for individuals.
Neither one's own family nor others offer any voluntary exit.
Clan communities are honour cultures, writes Weiner, and involve much more than the repression of female sexuality. The individual's status, reputation and opportunities will depend on the status of the whole family in society. In this way, all family members are irreversibly connected to each other and share the same social fate like mountaineers attached to the same rope. The "cousin's tyranny", is what the political scientist, Francis Fukuyama, calls the result. When the clan is tightly bound by mutual sureties, one unfortunately has rational reasons to put a choke on each other's throats.
To control a territory, the state needed to push back clan formations and take their place as the guarantor of security and the producer of order. People's loyalties must be refocused, from their allegiance to the tribes and clans to the abstract state. Success was variable. Only in Europe were clan societies completely replaced by states. The fortunate side effect was that the individual's social position was now changed. Now it became more personal, based on individual agreements, contracts and personal commitments.
It was the cultural changes that pointed towards to the notion of community members as equals under the law. The most important social ties had a more voluntary character – instead of the extended family was the nuclear family, the central unit of life. It was here the person got his or her own personal space. The individual had won autonomy from the family.
With autonomy comes personal responsibility. In honour cultures, social sanctions are based on shame. It is a collective sense.
The shame one feels in front of others is not so much over the actions themselves, but over the fact that those in one's surroundings have witnessed them. In a shaming system, it is the looks and others' moral evaluation of one's own behaviour that are crucial. Individualisation means that shame becomes less central, and guilt takes its place. Guilt is a personal and private feeling. The focus is turned inward. Guilt is the individual conscience that silently passes judgement over whether an individual has managed to reach his or her own ethical standards. The individual wins moral autonomy. You could say that autonomy makes individuals into adults and forces them to personally decide for their own lives.
But the strong state power that released the individual from the clan becomes simultaneously a new threat. The state must be strong but should not be too strong. Therefore, its power is limited – its scope is limited by individual guaranteed rights, and its exercise of power is limited by the rule of law and legal equality.
Autonomy also requires other components, namely, property and livelihood. Here, the individual faces a trade-off. Those who are entirely self-sufficient are undeniably autonomous in economic terms, but will also be very poor. By specialising, individuals sell their labour, buy products on the market and can increase their productivity and income tremendously. This comes at the cost of reduced autonomy and an increased dependence on others.
In the marketplace, individuals are at the mercy of the price mechanism and other individuals' buying and selling preferences. Specialists soon lose the ability to self-produce everything they have begun buying from others, and their own services have no value once others refuse to buy them.
Through these networks of mutual dependence, contemporary man, in an economic sense, has become far less autonomous than a farmer from the last century – something that is revealed at the slightest disturbance in the supply chain and/or wage payments.
In practice, no one chooses to completely evade the market, but, by owning property, individuals may still maintain some of their independence. Often, it is these small islands of independence that we value most in life. The question is perhaps best analysed by James Buchanan in his classic publication, Ownership as a Guarantor of Freedom. Property is autonomy embodied.
Through property ownership, individuals retain the opportunity to withdraw and return to a measure of self-sufficiency – a freedom guaranteed. House owners provide their own accommodation instead of renting monthly and negotiating terms or voting at the association's annual meetings.
Car owners retain the ability to self-produce their mobility instead of always being subject to a schedule or a taxi company's telephone queue. Even owning a regular bicycle provides a measure of autonomy.
Property has a value beyond its immediate function. It makes people independent and provides the framework for a private sphere. One need not ask permission. One must not allow others to determine one's own frames. Property provides predictability and continuity, even between generations. Through property, individuals' independence is backed with security. One can better predict tomorrow when one possesses the main parameters.
The autonomous person is a self-sufficient individual in a number of ways. But one thing is not included in the picture. Individuals are not necessarily particularly original or unique. On the contrary, usually they are not, because people in general are just like people in general. But then the question is: can you really be a real, independent individual if you're just like most other people?
Political philosophers have long been disappointed by the lack of the human desire to live a special, authentic life and go their very own way. Even Alexis de Tocqueville believed that America, despite its formal political rights and freedoms, was still a country where freedom of thought was not exercised in practice. A people of equals also began to regard itself as being comprised of equals, i.e., being alike. Individuals risked being swallowed by the masses and using their freedom only to become one of the crowd.
What Tocqueville and his like feared was in practice that citizens would use their rights to try to alleviate the phantom pain from the lost clan society; that mass man was missing the strong community that was lost when we left the tribe to become individuals who would choose their own context. So too would the structures that stifle all individuality reappear spontaneously, but now magnified to a national scale.
This fear was especially evident in the work of John Stuart Mill. His solution to save the unique human being from the suffocating crowd of conformists was even higher doses of autonomy in the form of political liberty and rights. But, when he pleaded for the right to self-determination, it was an expressed thought about what it would ideally be used for. It was the deviant and eccentric that was truly valuable and worthy of protection – the unique, authentic individuals who, through their daring lifestyle experimentation, generate new knowledge for the benefit of the whole community.
Thus, we have drawn the two pillars on which individualism has traditionally rested. Individualism as autonomy applies to human emancipation from power and dependency ratios – the clan, the state and the market. Individualism as self-realisation applies to human emancipation from social conventions, to the free search for its very own, authentic life choice. The two have been seen as interconnected. Autonomy may, but need not, be used to allow unique life choices.
But, of these pillars, there is only one that currently seems to have some viability.
Autonomy's value is not often talked about. Individuality as personal expression is, however, highly topical. One wants to be Pippi Longstocking, but is no longer talking about gold money.
The value of personal choice and personalisation is now a firmly established part of the Swedish model, established on both sides of the block boundary. The aim of gradually increasing the personalisation of the welfare state and make it more responsive to the individual citizen has been around a long time and is highly controversial. One should choose for oneself, find one's own taste in supply and have it delivered in ways that suit one's personal needs. But one chooses all the time from a range that is publicly funded, and (increasingly) regulated. The individualisation that has taken place has increased opportunities to express personal preferences. Individuals' autonomy in relation to the public sector, by contrast, has not changed.
An interesting example is the reform of the pension system, which included an individualised pension saving, premium pension.
This type of pension saving would be controlled by the employee. The system combines a high degree of individuality with a nonexistent autonomy. The citizen can make the most imaginative placement combinations and move funds between funds as a form of daily recreation. But the funds are locked up and the public authorities decide the regulations. The range of funds is also regulated by the public authorities and individuals cannot themselves freely seek outside this menu, or be free to choose any other form of savings.
This freedom of choice without autonomy has not created any personal responsibility, rather a mild disinterest. And, when the return on premium deposits is lower than expected, censure will be immediately directed against the government.
Rarely does the tension between autonomy and personal fulfilment become as clear as in nursery school. The Schools Inspectorate has criticised nursery schools for not adequately seeking to break traditional gender roles in children. Such external demands prevent children making their own, authentic life choices. Thus, this individual-liberating education must be mandatory throughout preschools.
If preschool enables authentic individuals who choose themselves, one cannot in good conscience allow any child to miss out on it. It will only be a matter of time before the individual-liberating preschool will be mandatory from toddler-age and up.
High taxation is a major threat to the autonomy of individuals, as it interferes in their ability to make a living. Therefore, excessive taxation has previously been criticised from an autonomy perspective: that high taxes make people unfree and dependent on public systems that they really should and could live without. So no more. The only result of such an argument has been a suite of bourgeois election losses, and now it is no longer on the agenda. Tax cuts today are not motivated by the will to liberate people and give them autonomy, but rather that the tax cuts will affect their behaviour in the desired manner.
In some areas, it is not only the importance of autonomy for individual freedom that has been overlooked – the emphasis has shifted more than that. The political parties' ability to self-finance their operations has declined drastically in the post-war period. Prior to 1965, the parties stood on their own feet and funded themselves and their activities through membership fees and donations. Today, the parties' revenue from membership fees has been wiped out and the negligible amount that the parties themselves collect is under suspicion, while the parties' monumentally dependent relationship with the state is barely discussed. The Social Democrats is, with its lottery sales, the only party able to create proper external revenue. But, instead of being inspired by this, one sees that this is met with disapproval in other political camps that wish such operations would cease. Ideally, all horses should be eating out of the same manger, according to fixed allocation rules. MPs have in turn been made totally dependent on their party groups – something that Anne-Marie Paulsson sets out in detail in her book, Knapptryckarkompaniet (The Button-Pressing Brigade). Only at the local level can some politicians be found who have enough of a personal power base to dare exercise personal leadership.
Alongside parliament, universities and courts are the sacred institutions of secular society. Their autonomy has previously been regarded as central. Today, we see the leash already on campus. Extreme variation and imagination in course offerings is in no short supply, but the universities are now timid institutions that worry about being 'socially useful', popular and topical, just like any other authority. The courts' position still seems to be more intact but, even here, one cannot but be alarmed at the direction of the debate.
One may ask whether the combination of hunting for self-realisation and too little autonomy induces a characteristic stinginess and social hypersensitivity in cultural life. Without the resources for self-determination, one dreams life-dreams that are dependent on other people's approval and appreciation. Then it becomes important to one's choice should be 'recognised' and 'seen' by others. In this way, essentially private life projects become strikingly public.
Time and again, when the public debate becomes heated, it is the opponent's autonomy that is focused on and targeted for reduction. Where do they get their money from? Can you starve the business? Where are they employed? As in war, you target the enemy's supply lines. Sometimes employers are looked up. See here what these employees have written in public! One of the few available protections is that the individual may cling to anonymity. But should it really be allowed? Instead of debating social issues, the debate is about who should be fired.
The main prerequisite for Pippi Longstocking remains the suitcase with gold money. If autonomy's significance is rediscovered, we will once again see real individuals in the debate. But what is the likelihood of this?
If we continue on this road, soon all that will remain will be reprimanded waitresses walking around with 37 personal badges on their restaurant uniforms.
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IT WOULD BE SO YOUR 21ST TODAY.
I MISS AND LOVE YOU DEARLY MY KOREAN SISTER.
YOUR SPIRIT WILL ALWAYS BE HERE, AND I THINK OF YOU ALWAYS.
Miss her so much. You guys seemed to have so much fun together at the shows, that interview cracked me up!
Miss u so much Daulmonster!


text:
prefecture, Japan
Aomori, northernmost ken (prefecture) on the island of Honshu, Japan. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean (east), the Tsugaru Strait (north), and the Sea of Japan (East Sea; west). The peninsulas of Tsugaru and Shimokita enclose Mutsu Bay. The prefectural capital, Aomori city, is at the head of the western lobe of the bay.
AomoriAomori city, northern Aomori prefecture, northern Honshu, Japan. Fg2
Aomori has a relatively poor agricultural economy that is handicapped by long, cold, snowy winters and poor drainage. Rice and Japan's largest apple crop are grown in the west, while the east specializes in dry grains and potatoes. Horse breeding for military use has long given way to beef cattle and dairy farming. Most large-scale manufacturing is found in Hachinohe, in the southeast. In the mountainous interior are some of Japan's finest timber stands, mostly in national forests.
Coastal and deep-sea fishing operations centre on Hachinohe, the leading fishing port, and Aomori city. Hachinohe's port area was heavily damaged by the tsunami generated by the March 2011 earthquake that devastated the Tōhoku region, but repairs subsequently were made. Area 3,709 square miles (9,606 square km). Pop. (2010) 1,373,339.
This article was most recently revised and updated by Kenneth Pletcher, Senior Editor.
Honshu, largest of the four main islands of Japan, lying between the Pacific Ocean (east) and the Sea of Japan (west). It forms a northeast–southwest arc extending about 800 miles (1,287 km) and varies greatly in width. The coastline extends 6,266 miles (10,084 km). Honshu has an area of 87,992…
Pacific Ocean, body of salt water extending from the Antarctic region in the south to the Arctic in the north and lying between the continents of Asia and Australia on the west and North and South America on the east. Of…
Tsugaru Strait
Tsugaru Strait, strait of the northwest Pacific extending east from the Sea of Japan to the open ocean between the Japanese islands of Honshu (south) and Hokkaido. It is 15 to 25 miles (24 to 40 km) wide. The strait takes the Tsugaru Current, a warmer and saltier…
Sea of Japan
Sea of Japan, marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean. It is bounded by Japan and Sakhalin Island to the east and by Russia and Korea on the Asian mainland to the west. Its area is 377,600…
Hyōgo
China, country of East Asia. It is the largest of all Asian countries and has the largest population…
Canada, second largest country in the world in area (after Russia), occupying roughly the northern two-fifths…
United Kingdom, island country located off the northwestern coast of mainland Europe. The United Kingdom…


We have listed all of the Burrillville food pantries that we have found. With help from users like you we have compiled a list of some. If you know of a food pantry that is not included here, please submit new food pantries to our database by going to the ADD A LISTING link on the header of our website.
Our Lady of Good Help Food Pantry operates on the 1st and 3rd Tuesday of the Month. Their hours are 10:00am - 11:00am for senior residents and 6:00pm - 7:00pm for all other residents. Please contact them for more information.
Burrillville Seventh Day Adventist Food Pantry operates on the Last Tuesday of the month from 5:30 pm - 6:30 pm. Please contact them for more information.


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EqAlgo Class Referenceabstract

This class is a base class for all traffic assignment algorithms.
 More...

#include <EqAlgo.h>

Inheritance diagram for EqAlgo:

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<area shape="rect" id="node8" href="classPathBasedAlgo.html" title="This class implements framework for path-based algorithms. " alt="" coords="406,536,559,701"/>
<area shape="rect" id="node2" href="classDecoratedEqAlgo.html" title="This class is a base class for decorators of EqAlgo. " alt="" coords="213,6,376,157"/>
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Collaboration diagram for EqAlgo:

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Public Member Functions

virtual FPType 	getTotalConvTime ()

virtual FPType 	getTotalPureIterTime ()

virtual FPType 	getInitialisationTime ()

int 	execute ()

Protected Member Functions

 	EqAlgo (AddHook *component, StarNetwork *net, FPType timeLimit, ConvMeasure *conv)

virtual void 	initialise ()=0

virtual void 	performOneIteration ()=0

virtual bool 	isConverged ()

Protected Attributes

ConvMeasure * 	conv_

StarNetwork * 	net_

Private Attributes

AddHook * 	component_

const FPType 	timeLimit_

FPType 	totalConvTime_

FPType 	totalPureIterTime_

FPType 	initialisationTime_

Detailed Description

This class is a base class for all traffic assignment algorithms.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

          EqAlgo::EqAlgo
          (
          AddHook *
          component,

          StarNetwork *
          net,

          FPType
          timeLimit,

          ConvMeasure *
          conv

          )

protected

Parameters

component	object that performs extra operations with convergence information, see AddHook.

net	network

timeLimit	time limit in seconds when algorithm must be stopped before reaching required level of precision.

conv	convergence measure.

Member Function Documentation

          int EqAlgo::execute
          (
          	)

virtual

Executes the algorithm.

Returns

total number of iterations needed to converge to a given level of precision.

Implements DecoratedEqAlgo.

          FPType EqAlgo::getInitialisationTime
          (
          	)

virtual

Returns

initialisation time needed to perform all-or-nothing assignment.

Implements DecoratedEqAlgo.

          FPType EqAlgo::getTotalConvTime
          (
          	)

virtual

Returns

total convergence time.

Implements DecoratedEqAlgo.

          FPType EqAlgo::getTotalPureIterTime
          (
          	)

virtual

Returns

total pure iteration time.

Implements DecoratedEqAlgo.

          virtual void EqAlgo::initialise
          (
          	)

protectedpure virtual

Initialises solution structure of the algorithm. Usually it performs AON assignment.

Implemented in OriginBasedAlgo, PathBasedAlgo, and FWAlgo.

          bool EqAlgo::isConverged
          (
          	)

protectedvirtual

Convergence check might be over-ridden by children classes. For example, see FWAlgo.

Reimplemented in FWAlgo.

          virtual void EqAlgo::performOneIteration
          (
          	)

protectedpure virtual

Performs one iteration of the algorithm.

Implemented in OriginBasedAlgo, PathBasedAlgo, and FWAlgo.

The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

EqAlgo.h

EqAlgo.cpp

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Cara Anna, Associated Press Cara Anna, Associated Press
https://www.pbs.org/newshour/world/how-african-countries-are-reacting-to-trumps-vulgar-comments
How African countries are reacting to Trump's vulgar comments
World Jan 12, 2018 10:05 AM EST
Editor's note: This post contains explicit language.
JOHANNESBURG — Africans were shocked on Friday to find President Donald Trump had finally taken an interest in their continent. But it wasn't what people had hoped for.
Using vulgar language, Trump on Thursday questioned why the U.S. would accept more immigrants from Haiti and "shithole countries" in Africa rather than places like Norway in rejecting a bipartisan immigration deal. On Friday he denied using that language.
The African Union continental body told The Associated Press it was "frankly alarmed" by Trump's comments.
The African Union continental body said it was "frankly alarmed" by Trump's comments.
"Given the historical reality of how many Africans arrived in the United States as slaves, this statement flies in the face of all accepted behavior and practice," AU spokeswoman Ebba Kalondo said.
Some African governments found themselves in an awkward position. As top recipients of U.S. aid, some hesitated to jeopardize it by criticizing Trump, especially as his administration has sought to slash foreign assistance.
"Unless it was specifically said about South Sudan, we have nothing to say," South Sudan government spokesman Ateny Wek Ateny told the AP.
But Botswana's government called Trump's comment "reprehensible and racist," saying the U.S. ambassador had been summoned to clarify whether the country was regarded as a "shithole" one after years of cordial relations.
South Africa's ruling African National Congress called Trump's comments "extremely offensive," while opposition leader Mmusi Maimane said "the hatred of Obama's roots now extends to an entire continent." Uganda's state minister for international relations, Henry Okello Oryem, called the remarks "unfortunate and regrettable" and hoped that heads of state will reply at an African Union summit later this month.
African media outlets and the continent's young, increasingly connected population were not shy, with some tweeting sleek photos of African landscapes and urban areas with the hashtag #shithole.
"Well, that is the perfect definition of racism. That is all I have to say," Kenyan entrepreneur Wangui Muraguri told the AP in response to Trump.
"Casual Friday at the White House is soon to include hoods and tiki torches at this rate," South African media outlet Daily Maverick wrote.
Trump's comments were "shocking and shameful" and "I'm sorry, but there's no other word one can use but racist," said a spokesman for the U.N. human rights office, Rupert Colville.
Many on the world's second most populous continent reached for their smartphones, long-practiced in defending it from easy stereotypes. While 40 percent of the world's poor live in sub-Saharan Africa, according to the International Monetary Fund, the region also has billionaires, reality shows and a growing middle class.
The World Bank on Friday tweeted that sub-Saharan Africa's economic growth this year is forecast at 3.2 percent. That was the U.S. economy's annual rate of growth from July through September, according to Commerce Department data last month.
Some in Africa decided to own Trump's vulgar language or throw it back in his face.
"Good morning from the greatest most beautiful 'shithole country' in the world!!!" South African Broadcasting Corporation anchor Leanne Manas tweeted.
Good morning from the greatest most beautiful "shithole country" in the world!!!
— Leanne Manas (@LeanneManas) January 12, 2018
"As someone from South Shithole, Trevor is deeply offended by the president's remarks," The Daily Show tweeted of its South African-born host, Trevor Noah.
Tonight at 11/10c, as someone from South Shithole, Trevor is deeply offended by the president's remarks. pic.twitter.com/4dTaMapmSG
Others said they thought Trump had a point, in a way.
"Trump is absolutely right. Africa is a continent of shit," said Mamady Traore, a 30-year-old sociologist in Guinea. "When you have heads of state who mess with the constitutions to perpetuate their power. When you have rebel factions that kill children, disembowel women as saints, who mutilate innocent civilians. Frankly, it must be said that it's crap."
In Kenya, East Africa's economic hub, political activist Boniface Mwangi pleaded: "Please don't confuse the #shithole leaders we Africans elect with our beautiful continent."
Trump's comments highlighted months of concerns about his lack of focus on Africa.
Trump's comments highlighted months of concerns about his lack of focus on Africa, including empty ambassadorial posts in key countries like South Africa, Egypt, Congo and Somalia. A list maintained by the Washington-based American Foreign Service Association says eight such posts are vacant.
Trump has expressed negative opinions about the continent in the past. "Every penny of the $7 billion going to Africa as per Obama will be stolen – corruption is rampant!" he tweeted in 2013.
The U.S. president is only hurting himself both at home and abroad, some Africans said.
"He has not only insulted Africans, he has also insulted African-Americans," said Sylvester Odion Akhaine, associate professor of international relations at the Lagos State University in Nigeria. "Internationally, such language will deepen the isolation of the United States, a country that is already losing its global prestige."
One lawmaker in Ghana called for a boycott by developing countries against the United States until Trump leaves office. "The sooner he is made aware that America needs the world and the world needs America the better it is for all of us," Ras Mubarak said.
As outrage spread, the U.S. government's own Africa Media Hub tried to put out the flames.
Without directly referring to Trump's statement, it tweeted that "US remains committed to working together w/Africans to realize the promise of a more peaceful, more productive, more prosperous 21st century Africa. US deeply respects the people of #Africa & values its partnerships with them."
US remains committed to working together w/Africans to realize the promise of a more peaceful, more productive, more prosperous 21st century Africa. US deeply respects the people of #Africa & values its partnerships with them.
— US Africa Media Hub (@AfricaMediaHub) January 12, 2018
Associated Press writers Elias Meseret in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Sam Mednick in Juba, South Sudan; Joe Mwihia in Nairobi, Kenya; Sam Olukoya in Lagos, Nigeria; Risdel Kasasira in Kampala, Uganda; Francis Kokutse in Accra, Ghana; Boubacar Diallo in Conakry, Guinea and Jamey Keaten in Geneva contributed.
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Left: Photo of President Donald Trump by Jonathan Ernst/Reuters
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Britney Spears New Hair Color 2012
Ola October 10, 2012, 3:49 pm in Hairstyles
Ladies, where's your "celebrity hair makeovers" list? You're holding it? If so, grab your pen and add the name of the famous singer Britney Spears! Yup, she's done it too. "What has she opted for?" and "When and where has she done it?" are the questions that we're going to answer starting from the next sentence. I know that there're some of you who may have predicted that Spears has opted for cutting her long hair or even shaving it, like she's done before. But let me tell you that she's not done that at all. The "X Factor" judge has walked on the same path of the other female stars like; Demi Lovato, Kim Kardashian and Jessica Alba and dyed her blonde locks. I can imagine that some of you are currently saying to themselves; "Dying,, what?!"
Ladies and gentlemen, leave your shock till the end, as there's a much more surprising detail which is the color itself! Britney has accented her blonde tresses with teal, vibrant blue and pink tips. Briefly, you can see her wearing a multicolored dip-dyed hair. Why do you have the "huh" face?! I think that there's no need for it, as most of us know that the "Toxic" singer loves to express her feelings through her tresses! Okay, that was the answer of the first question, what about the second and third ones?! Concerning these questions, you need to know that the star has revealed her new hair color during the 2012 iHeartRadio Music Festival which was held in Las Vegas a few days ago.
I know that some of you may feel that it's too late to talk about that drastic hair makeover, right? Maybe, it is, but there's a reason behind that, my precious readers. Our reason is that we thought that the star would get rid of her rainbow hair after the festival, but she didn't do that at all, which makes us say that she's definitely fallen in love with it! We've answered all the questions that may come across your minds except one which is; "Would Britney opt for a new haircut in the upcoming days?!" I think that none of us can predict anything in 2012! So let's wait and see what would happen. While waiting, don't forget to make a survey in our magazine to know all about the new fashion and beauty trends..
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Mountains and masks: Tour de France 2020 – in pictures
Having trouble updating your Wacom tablet's firmware on your Mac?
Autumnal signs and the god of longevity: Monday's best photos
This year's edition of the Tour de France was due to start in Nice on 27 June but in April, with the Coronavirus pandemic sweeping across Europe, president Emmanuel Macron announced all public events with crowds were to be banned until mid-July to fight the spread of Covid-19. There were fears it wouldn't take place at all. In the end the race was delayed for the first time during peacetime since its inception in 1903, after event organisers, in agreement with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI), decided to postpone the race, with Nice hosting the Grand Départ on 29 August.
Click on an image and then the 'i' icon for its caption info.
With the race taking place it was important for safety measures to be put in place to protect all involved – spectators, riders, staff and employees.
Starts and finishes
The end of each stage is a good place for fans to see all the action.
The riders encounter a variety of environments as they traverse France: from the streets of the cities and towns, to countryside roads and mountainous peaks.
The devil is in the detail
Imagery from the Tour is not just about wide shots showing the sweeping vistas across the country providing drama and interest, close-up and detail shots of the action can convey just as much to the viewer.
Watching and waiting
Back in March, France's sports minister Roxana Maracineanu said that Tour organisers were considering the option of going ahead without fans, but with the event being postponed until August that option wasn't explored further and despite the ongoing pandemic French authorities have allowed fans to continue the tradition of cheering on the sidelines. The Tour would be a duller and quieter spectacle if it did not attract the thousands of fans who gather along the route of each stage.
Having gained the yellow jersey in stage nine and holding a 57-second lead going into the penultimate stage, Primoz Roglic would have been dreaming of glory but a stupendous performance from white jersey holder Tadej Pogacar in the individual time trial gave the youngster the yellow jersey and meant he became the youngest champion since 1904.


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Joseph Stevens·
FeatureMusic
David Bowie – "Something happened on the day he died" – Why 'Blackstar' is one of his masterpieces
Much has been said already, on the weekend of the fifth anniversary of David Bowie's passing. This is an artist whose unique and enigmatic body of work will never defy further study, and such is open to constant analysis and appreciation.
As top five/ten/twenty lists no doubt begin to populate the musical Twittersphere and a slew of new retrospectives abound, it feels like a timely point to ensure that Bowie's latest masterpiece – and one of his greatest, come to that – doesn't get overlooked. Because as nostalgia rules the waves, the scores of famous fans lining up to talk Ziggy Stardust might just neglect to mention that the great master of rock theatre masterminded whole new worlds right up until the moment he fell from earth.
It is time to shine a light on 'Blackstar'.
When David Bowie revealed what would be his final album, on his 69th birthday in 2016, the record sent music writers and fans alike into an analytical frenzy. Typical of the superstar's late work, 'Blackstar' was shrouded in mystery; the music was rich with hip-hop and jazz experimentation, and the lyrics awash with occultist religious symbolism of the sort Bowie had long dabbled in.
Questions from listeners were rife, addressed publicly in reviews and comments sections. What was this world Bowie had conceptualised? Who was Lazarus meant to represent? Most importantly, what was it all supposed to lead up to?
Two days later, the frantic masses got their answer. David Bowie had died.
The final known photograph of David Bowie, who died five years ago today. pic.twitter.com/lQClJxO67N
— Consequence of Sound (@consequence) January 10, 2021
"I can't give everything away…"
The emotion that followed the Starman's passing would be indescribable, if we hadn't all experienced it. The new allegories around death drawn from his songs, the mural in Brixton…international mourning. Of course, the LP the world now knew to be a parting gift was held as the artefact from beyond it suddenly seemed to be. Poring through the lyrics made it so obvious that Bowie had intended it this way; the chameleonic character actor-director had somehow managed to stage manage his own death.
The critical acclaim, already on its way for the remarkable record, ascended to another level following the artist's passing. Number one spot on so many end-of-year lists followed, tagged with the inescapable retelling of how the man from another planet foretold his own exit from it.
Five years on from the album's release – and Bowie's death, however, 'Blackstar' doesn't get talked about on its own merits as much as it could. Perhaps it is because of the lack of radio-ready classics among the apocalyptic jazz; the main single from the record was 'Lazarus', a brooding black hole of a track in which Bowie spoke of his demise in the most straightforward terms possible. Indeed, the first verse begins "look up here, I'm in heaven".
It's hardly 'Let's Dance', if we're being real about pop sensibilities – and that's the most pop track of them all.
Leaving aside further ruminations on radio playlisting or the nostalgia that often favours an artist's work, perhaps 'Blackstar' is just too harrowing a listen for many fans. It is both musically and lyrically unflinching, with layers of unedited honesty lurking just beyond the shadows of mystery. I first listened to the record on that fateful day, and was hooked for weeks. Since then, it has been hard to find the courage to drop the needle on this particular record; such was Bowie's ability to immerse the listener in the world he had created.
Listening on the day that he died, it felt like you could almost have been in the room where he took his final breaths. This record remains the sound of a life flashing before a set of mismatched eyes; and not just the life of any mere mortal.
Summoned the courage to listen to Blackstar all the way through. Struggle to do it often. Strangely tranquil this morning.
— Billy Edwards 💙 (@biiilyedwards) January 10, 2021
"Why too dark to speak the words?"
It's been half a decade. Five years of the life and work of David Bowie being consistently, ritually dissected and re-appraised. The less cool work, the less Berlin albums, even Tin Machine gets another chance.
Somehow, it feels as if 'Blackstar' hasn't had its hearing for induction into the canon of Bowie's greatest work. In the humble opinion of this writer, it absolutely deserves mention in the same breath as Ziggy, Diamond Dogs and all that transpired in Berlin.
The extraordinary circumstances around its conception and release aside, 'Blackstar' is remarkable in its rewriting of the rules around late-career renaissance. Its predecessor 'The Next Day' was received as such, but postured itself far more as a new exhibition of the Spaceboy's old tricks; in doing so, it missed the artist's greatest work – reinvention.
'Blackstar' is an exceptional reinvention indeed.
'For the 4 or 5 minutes he was singing, he would pour his heart out'
Producer Tony Visconti reflects on recording vocals for Blackstar (released 5 years ago today) in this clip from David Bowie: The Last Five Years (2017).
Watch the full doc tonight on @BBCFOUR at 9pm. pic.twitter.com/JZGh3Il5xn
— BBC Radio 6 Music (@BBC6Music) January 8, 2021
This record, its chaos and experimentation unheard of from Bowie in so long, the ritualistic darkness, presented perhaps the darkest form of Bowie's many personas ever witnessed. In this context, his impending death is nothing but another small tool utilised in the process of transformation. Bowie the soothsayer, Bowie the occultist; playing with themes he toyed with as early as 'Hunky Dory', but which understandably sound far more sinister against this sonic backdrop than they did in his folk-rock days.
The deliberation with which such a bold new sound was created is enough to earn this record mythical status. More to the point; it is truly remarkable that a man who had explored near enough every available avenue managed to find new directions so late on. But of course, that's just Bowie's style.
Even the band was new – a jazz ensemble found in New York. Bowie had long flirted with jazz, but wanted to experiment more fully with the genre; longtime collaborator and producer Tony Visconti said that jazz musicians playing rock would take the established formula and "[turn] it upside down".
"Ain't that just like me?"
Much was made in the music press about the record's hip-hop influences. To broaden their sonic palettes, Bowie and Visconti had largely listened to Kendrick Lamar's acclaimed 'To Kill a Butterfly' while making the album. It was also reported that Bowie had taken influence from the industrial noise-rap of Death Grips. It would, of course, be a fool's errand to label 'Blackstar' as a hip-hop record – or anything other than a singular and enigmatic work.
The energy of the record's varied beats, from the jazz-thru-techno of the opening title track through the frenetic trip-hop of 'Girl Loves Me', renders the pace and mood of the album thrillingly unpredictable. In this way, it matches the lyrics; contradictory in terms, at once retrospective and creative, gratefully retiring and aggressively defiant. Most typically of Bowie, the mysterious and surreal brushes up frequently against the almost brutally honest. Final track 'I Can't Give Everything Away' is a parting gift with a touch of tenderness – the artist at his most reflective.
Of course, with an artist so familiar to so many, some hallmarks remain. While throwing out all expectations, this album sounds more like Bowie than anything he released in the 20 years prior. It is in the most unexpected moments that you notice this.
The jazzy glam stomp that punctuates the second half of the title track is pure Thin White Duke, while the almost secret language employed in the many metaphors of the lyrics comes with the wry delivery that Bowie made his own across generations. He knows you're trying to figure out what he means, he knows you won't and he definitely knows that he sounds fucking cool doing it.
Even in his final moments as a performer, David Bowie managed to outstyle just about everyone else on the planet.
There is far more to say about 'Blackstar' than any music critic could ever manage. This is a record that is experienced far better than it is discussed; a singular piece of art that almost defies explanation. It is unquestionably one of David Bowie's best records.
Most importantly, far from the curtain falling on the man and the myth, this was Bowie's last act of ensuring that people would never stop wondering. Never stop looking in awe. Never truly understand.
I'm dying too
Push their backs against the grain
And fool them all again and again
I'm trying to…
David Bowie, 'Dollar Days'
5 yearsBlackstarDavid Bowie
Joseph Stevens
Joseph Stevens is a Manchester-based gig promoter, singer/songwriter and founder member of ska collective Sleeping Ducks. An appreciator of most music genres, Joseph is an unashamed lover of pop and music that is generally fun to listen to. Outside of music, Joseph is often described as a Coronation Street 'superfan' and is a strong supporter of grassroots football.


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Home Travel Tips World's Coolest Observation Decks
Some of the world's most thrilling views can be found atop its tallest buildings. A growing number of observation desks are sprouting up, giving locals and tourists alike a scene to remember.
The Willis (formerly Sears) Tower, Chicago
You can refresh the feel of a building that hasn't been the world's tallest for quite some time by attaching a series of magnificently scary glass boxes, collectively known as the Ledge, to the venerable Skydeck. The illusion that you're standing unsupported 103 stories above the ground is a real crowd-pleaser.
Grand Canyon Skywalk, Arizona
Cantilevered way, way out over the Grand Canyon's west rim, with the Colorado River some 4,000 feet below, this U-shaped glass bridge is arguably the world's highest observation deck. It's certainly the most mind-blowing one.
Burj Khalifa, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Note that while it's called The Top, this observation deck is at the newest world's tallest building (around 2,717 feet), but it is located on the 124th floor, not the 163rd. Its massive double-height windows, open-air terrace, and an unparalleled perspective, make the real Dubai look a lot like the architectural models you see on display.
Check out the rest of the list at Travel + Leisure
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