text:
module Mongoid #:nodoc:
  module Document
    def self.included(base)
      base.class_eval do
        include Components
        include InstanceMethods
        extend ClassMethods

        cattr_accessor \
          :_collection,
          :collection_name,
          :embedded,
          :primary_key,
          :hereditary

        self.embedded = false
        self.hereditary = false
        self.collection_name = self.name.collectionize

        attr_accessor :association_name, :_parent
        attr_reader :new_record

        delegate :collection, :embedded, :primary_key, :to => "self.class"
      end
    end

    module ClassMethods
      # Returns the collection associated with this +Document+. If the
      # document is embedded, there will be no collection associated
      # with it.
      #
      # Returns: <tt>Mongo::Collection</tt>
      def collection
        raise Errors::InvalidCollection.new(self) if embedded
        self._collection ||= Mongoid.database.collection(self.collection_name)
        add_indexes; self._collection
      end

      # Perform default behavior but mark the hierarchy as being hereditary.
      def inherited(subclass)
        super(subclass)
        self.hereditary = true
      end

      # Returns a human readable version of the class.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>MixedDrink.human_name # returns "Mixed Drink"</tt>
      def human_name
        name.labelize
      end

      # Instantiate a new object, only when loaded from the database or when
      # the attributes have already been typecast.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>Person.instantiate(:title => "Sir", :age => 30)</tt>
      def instantiate(attrs = nil, allocating = false)
        attributes = attrs || {}
        if attributes["_id"] || allocating
          document = allocate
          document.instance_variable_set(:@attributes, attributes)
          return document
        else
          return new(attrs)
        end
      end

      # Defines the field that will be used for the id of this +Document+. This
      # set the id of this +Document+ before save to a parameterized version of
      # the field that was supplied. This is good for use for readable URLS in
      # web applications.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      #   class Person
      #     include Mongoid::Document
      #     field :first_name
      #     field :last_name
      #     key :first_name, :last_name
      #   end
      def key(*fields)
        self.primary_key = fields
        before_save :identify
      end

      # Macro for setting the collection name to store in.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>Person.store_in :populdation</tt>
      def store_in(name)
        self.collection_name = name.to_s
        self._collection = Mongoid.database.collection(name.to_s)
      end

      # Returns all types to query for when using this class as the base.
      def _types
        @_type ||= (self.subclasses + [ self.name ])
      end

    end

    module InstanceMethods
      # Performs equality checking on the attributes. For now we chack against
      # all attributes excluding timestamps on the object.
      def ==(other)
        return false unless other.is_a?(Document)
        attributes.except(:modified_at).except(:created_at) ==
          other.attributes.except(:modified_at).except(:created_at)
      end

      # Introduces a child object into the +Document+ object graph. This will
      # set up the relationships between the parent and child and update the
      # attributes of the parent +Document+.
      #
      # Options:
      #
      # parent: The +Document+ to assimilate with.
      # options: The association +Options+ for the child.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>name.assimilate(person, options)</tt>
      #
      # Returns: The child +Document+.
      def assimilate(parent, options)
        parentize(parent, options.name); notify; self
      end

      # Return the attributes hash with indifferent access.
      def attributes
        @attributes.with_indifferent_access
      end

      # Clone the current +Document+. This will return all attributes with the
      # exception of the document's id and versions.
      def clone
        self.class.instantiate(@attributes.except("_id").except("versions").dup, true)
      end

      # Generate an id for this +Document+.
      def identify
        Identity.create(self)
      end

      # Instantiate a new +Document+, setting the Document's attributes if
      # given. If no attributes are provided, they will be initialized with
      # an empty +Hash+.
      #
      # If a primary key is defined, the document's id will be set to that key,
      # otherwise it will be set to a fresh +Mongo::ObjectID+ string.
      #
      # Options:
      #
      # attrs: The attributes +Hash+ to set up the document with.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>Person.new(:title => "Mr", :age => 30)</tt>
      def initialize(attrs = nil)
        @attributes = {}
        process(attrs)
        @attributes = attributes_with_defaults(@attributes)
        @new_record = true if id.nil?
        document = yield self if block_given?
        identify
      end

      # Returns the class name plus its attributes.
      def inspect
        attrs = fields.map { |name, field| "#{name}: #{@attributes[name].inspect}" } * ", "
        "#<#{self.class.name} _id: #{id}, #{attrs}>"
      end

      # Returns true is the +Document+ has not been persisted to the database,
      # false if it has. This is determined by the variable @new_record
      # and NOT if the object has an id.
      def new_record?
        @new_record == true
      end

      # Sets the new_record boolean - used after document is saved.
      def new_record=(saved)
        @new_record = saved
      end

      # Set the changed state of the +Document+ then notify observers that it has changed.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>person.notify</tt>
      def notify
        changed(true)
        notify_observers(self)
      end

      # Sets up a child/parent association. This is used for newly created
      # objects so they can be properly added to the graph and have the parent
      # observers set up properly.
      #
      # Options:
      #
      # abject: The parent object that needs to be set for the child.
      # association_name: The name of the association for the child.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>address.parentize(person, :addresses)</tt>
      def parentize(object, association_name)
        self._parent = object
        self.association_name = association_name.to_s
        add_observer(object)
      end

      # Return the attributes hash.
      def raw_attributes
        @attributes
      end

      # Reloads the +Document+ attributes from the database.
      def reload
        @attributes = collection.find_one(:_id => id)
      end

      # Remove a child document from this parent +Document+. Will reset the
      # memoized association and notify the parent of the change.
      def remove(child)
        name = child.association_name
        reset(name) { @attributes.remove(name, child.raw_attributes) }
        notify
      end

      # Return the root +Document+ in the object graph. If the current +Document+
      # is the root object in the graph it will return self.
      def _root
        object = self
        while (object._parent) do object = object._parent; end
        object || self
      end

      # Return an array with this +Document+ only in it.
      def to_a
        [ self ]
      end

      # Return this document as a JSON string. Nothing special is required here
      # since Mongoid bubbles up all the child associations to the parent
      # attribute +Hash+ using observers throughout the +Document+ lifecycle.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>person.to_json</tt>
      def to_json(options = nil)
        attributes.to_json(options)
      end

      # Returns the id of the Document, used in Rails compatibility.
      def to_param
        id
      end

      # Observe a notify call from a child +Document+. This will either update
      # existing attributes on the +Document+ or clear them out for the child if
      # the clear boolean is provided.
      #
      # Options:
      #
      # child: The child +Document+ that sent the notification.
      # clear: Will clear out the child's attributes if set to true.
      #
      # Example:
      #
      # <tt>person.notify_observers(self)</tt> will cause this method to execute.
      #
      # This will also cause the observing +Document+ to notify it's parent if
      # there is any.
      def update(child, clear = false)
        name = child.association_name
        attrs = child.instance_variable_get(:@attributes)
        clear ? @attributes.delete(name) : @attributes.insert(name, attrs)
        notify
      end

      protected
      # apply default values to attributes - calling procs as required
      def attributes_with_defaults(attributes = {})
        default_values = defaults.merge(attributes)
        default_values.each_pair do |key, val|
          default_values[key] = val.call if val.respond_to?(:call)
        end
      end
    end
  end
end


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text:
Watch St Vincent's 'Austin City Limits' performance of 'At The Holiday Party'
St Vincent's Austin City Limits live performance of 'At The Holiday Party' has been shared.
The NME Big Read: St. Vincent: "I wanted to tell my story with humour and compassion"
The clip, which you can view below, sees the singer-songwriter deliver a performance of the track from her recent album, 'Daddy's Home' in a forthcoming episode featuring Annie Clark in the long running US concert show.
St. Vincent's made her first Austin City Limits appearance in 2009, then returned to the show in 2018. Her third appearance will air on PBS on January 15 in an episode that will also feature music from singer-songwriter Joy Oladokun.
It follows a recent episode which also featured Phoebe Bridgers performing 'I Know The End' and a set from Olivia Rodrigo.
'Daddy's Home' was awarded four stars by NME earlier this year declaring that on the Dallas-raised musician's sixth record, her "trademark dry humour meets a sunnier sonic palette influenced by Bowie and Sly and The Family Stone".
Earlier this year, the singer-songwriter also released the mockumentary The Nowhere Inn, which was written by St Vincent and best friend Carrie Brownstein and it sees Clark playing a fictionalised, satirical version of herself.
Speaking about the experience to Variety, Vincent said: "It was an incredibly warm and welcoming way to do my first foray into acting, because it was a script that I'd co-written with my best friend, and playing versions of myself.
"So it was as soft a landing as one could get. But not having some distance can be tricky, too."
The film received three stars from NME and was described as "rockumentary with a twist."
Jay-Z, Meek Mill and more push for law that would stop New York prosecutors using rap lyrics as evidence

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


AMAZON warehouse staff in the UK are using bottles in lieu of a bathroom to avoid taking too long away from the job, according to an undercover investigator.
Amazon's dominance could soon extend to banking, with reports it's in talks with JPMorgan Chase, and other financial services firms about setting up an Amazon-branded checking account. While Amazon won't comment on the reports today, and talks are believed to be at an early stage, it's plausible that Amazon may want to construct a more seamless relationship with its millions of customers.
AMAZON warehouse staff are peeing in bottles because toilets are too far away.
One ex-worker said staff fear getting into trouble for taking too long away from the job.
The warehouse measures 65,000 square meters and some of the 1,200 workers face a ten minute walk to two toilets on the ground floor of the four-storey building, according to The Sun.
Mr Bloodworth, who worked ten-hour shifts as a picker selecting goods for dispatch, walked ten miles a day in the job to research for a book on low-wage Britain.
He claimed workers were continually monitored for time wasting by supervisors.
It meant workers operated a "toilet bottle" system.
He said the warehouse in Rugeley, Staffs, is like a prison with airport-style security scanners where workers are checked and patted down in case they steal.
Hoodies and sunglasses were banned along with mobile phones as a security measure, he said.
An Amazon spokesman said: "Amazon ensures all of its associates have easy access to toilet facilities which are just a short walk from where they are working.
"Amazon provides a safe and positive workplace for thousands of people across the UK with competitive pay and benefits from day one.
This article first appeared in The Sun and has been reproduced here with permission.


text:
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And through all of it, Atkinson is brilliant. Her characters are brilliant. Her command of the back-and-forth narrative, the un-fixedness of memory, the weight that guilt accrues over time and how we carry it is remarkable.
Transcription: A Novel by Kate Atkinson
See 4 critic reviews
As Goodwin reminds us of their paths to positions of power and the challenges they faced as presidents, she identifies the traits of personality and character that made them great leaders. Published at a turbulent time, her book is a rich source of information and inspiration.
Leadership: In Turbulent Times by Doris Kearns Goodwin
See 1 critic review
The book makes for fascinating reading. The history, dating back to ancient Greece and before, and stretching to current events, is meticulously researched. There are copious notes and bibliographical references.
Accessory to War: The Unspoken Alliance Between Astrophysics and the Military by Neil deGrasse Tyson
Love happened, and the unlikely, nay downright impossible, happened, and this heartfelt book is a very enjoyable presentation of that.
The Bookbag
The Tattooist of Auschwitz: based on the heart-breaking true story of love and survival by Heather Morris
The best reason not to throw this book out of the window is that, occasionally, Harari writes a paragraph that is genuinely mind-expanding.
21 Lessons for the 21st Century by Yuval Noah Harari
For all their self-conscious reasonableness, and their promises that CBT can master negative emotion, Lukianoff and Haidt often seem slightly hurt.
The Coddling of the American Mind: How Good Intentions and Bad Ideas Are Setting Up a Generation for Failure by Greg Lukianoff
Although the novel lacks some of the twists and surprises that Slaughter's readers have come to expect and at times feels repetitious and padded, the characters keep you involved all the way, as does the vivid writing.
Pieces of Her: A Novel: 18 by Karin Slaughter
...seem simple because she makes the very difficult look easier than it is. Her books are smarter and more interesting than they might appear on the surface; then again, so are our mothers.
Clock Dance: A novel by Anne Tyler
Iron and Magic also has some curious cameos including Raphael and Andrea. I am particularly eager to understand where the author is going and whether or not other Pack members will be making a cameo in this series as well.
Gizmo's Book Reviews
Iron and Magic (The Iron Covenant Book 1) by Ilona Andrews
See 2 critic reviews & 42 reader ratings
...her carefully constructed sense of family fractures against her realization that Kirk may not be the husband, father, or man she thought he was. A compelling portrait of a woman facing the difficult limits of love.
All We Ever Wanted: A Novel by Emily Giffin
See 1 critic review & 11 reader ratings
The author wraps up his case with a provocative declaration that will occasion divisions all on its own...A convincing and alarming—and perhaps alarmist—cry that treason is afoot.
The Plot to Destroy Democracy: How Putin and His Spies Are Undermining America and Dismantling the West by Malcolm Nance
Sink into this book like a hot, scented bath...a delicious, relaxing pleasure. And a clever whodunit at the same time.
The Perfect Couple by Elin Hilderbrand
See 1 critic review & 101 reader ratings
...the plot and characters' motivations feel predictable and yet muddled. The climax and eventual resolution is satisfying but throws the weaknesses of the initial chapters into sharper relief.
Wicked and the Wallflower: Bareknuckle Bastards Book 1 by Sarah MacLean
Fox's book is a gossipy family study; by design, it touches on politics hardly at all. Still, from her brief account of the transition, we learn that Trump wanted nothing to do with the team working on it...
Born Trump: Inside America's First Family by Emily Jane Fox
Part of Pfeiffer's motivation in writing is to encourage voters—especially millennials—"to knock the GOP upside the head and convince them that they have to abandon not just Trump but Trumpism...A nostalgic look back and hopeful look forward.
Yes We (Still) Can: Politics in the Age of Obama, Twitter, and Trump by Dan Pfeiffer
There's plenty of action, but readers looking for gore will have to settle for Bulgarian body parts in a kimchi jar and a poor fellow "shredded…like creamed chipped beef." Fast-moving and exciting, this one reads like it came from Clancy himself.
Tom Clancy Line of Sight (A Jack Ryan Jr. Novel) by Mike Maden
...Rhodes does not regret his choice, even after allowing his private life to be subsumed in his job for the eight nerve-racking years he documents in his taut, compelling book.
The World as It Is: A Memoir of the Obama White House by Ben Rhodes
I can say the ending was exciting and I was panicky and shocked and everything I like to feel in an ending to a thriller. So that was good. The story was also full of twists and turns. This part of a psychological thriller was fulfilled.
Jenn Renee Read
Something in the Water: A Novel by Catherine Steadman
Witty, sarcastic and a reminder that wealth doesn't necessarily bring happiness or buy good sense or decency. Definitely worth a read.
Beauty and Lace
When Life Gives You Lululemons by Lauren Weisberger
Nothing in Orange's world is simple, least of all his characters and his sense of the relationship between history and the present. Instead, a great deal is subtle and uncertain in this original and complex novel.
There There: A novel by Tommy Orange


text:
Q: Why do I see changes in Git Status and not in Visual Studio? In Git, I run git status and I have about 20 modified files in red.
In Visual Studio 2012 using the new Visual Studio Tools for Git, I see no changes.
Why?

A: My first guess (as discussed in the comments above) is that you have different whitespace handling configurations in the two different git programs you're running.  You'll need to figure out which one is right and fix the other one to match.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
CREATE TABLE ROL (
 NOMBRE VARCHAR(20),
 CONSTRAINT PK_ROL PRIMARY KEY (NOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT CK_ROL CHECK (NOMBRE IN ('CLIENTE','OPERADOR','ORGANIZADORES','LOCAL','PROVEEDOR'))
 );

 CREATE TABLE USUARIO (
 ID INTEGER,
 CORREO VARCHAR(100),
 NOMBRE VARCHAR (50) NOT NULL,
 ROL VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT FK_ROL FOREIGN KEY (ROL) REFERENCES ROL(NOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT PK_USUARIO PRIMARY KEY(ID),
 ADD CONSTRAINT CK_ID CHECK (ID>=0));

 CREATE TABLE ZONA (
  NOMBRE VARCHAR(20),
 CAPACIDAD INTEGER NOT NULL,
 INGRESOESPECIAL CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
 ABIERTAACTUALMENTE CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
 CAPACIDADOCUPADA INTEGER NOT NULL,
 CONSTRAINT PK_ZONA PRIMARY KEY (NOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT CK_CAPACIDAD CHECK (CAPACIDAD>=0),
 CONSTRAINT CK_OCUPADA CHECK (CAPACIDADOCUPADA>=0),
 CONSTRAINT CK_CAPACIDADES CHECK (CAPACIDADOCUPADA<=CAPACIDAD),
 CONSTRAINT CK_ABIERTA CHECK (ABIERTAACTUALMENTE IN ('0','1')),
 CONSTRAINT CK_INGRESOESPECIAL CHECK (INGRESOESPECIAL IN ('0','1'))
);

 CREATE TABLE CONDICIONTECNICA (
 NOMBRE VARCHAR(20),
 CONSTRAINT PK_CONDICIONTECNICA PRIMARY KEY (NOMBRE));

 CREATE TABLE CONDICIONZONA(
 CONDICIONTECNICANOMBRE VARCHAR(20),
 ZONANOMBRE VARCHAR (20),
 CONSTRAINT FK_ZONA FOREIGN KEY (ZONANOMBRE) REFERENCES ZONA (NOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT PK_CONDICIONZONA PRIMARY KEY (CONDICIONTECNICANOMBRE,ZONANOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT FK_CONDICION FOREIGN KEY (CONDICIONTECNICANOMBRE) REFERENCES CONDICIONTECNICA(NOMBRE)
 );

 CREATE TABLE PREFERENCIA(
 IDUSUARIO INTEGER,
 PRECIOINICIAL NUMBER,
 PRECIOFINAL NUMBER,
 CONSTRAINT FK_USUARIO FOREIGN KEY (IDUSUARIO) REFERENCES USUARIO(ID),
 CONSTRAINT PK_PREFERENCIA PRIMARY KEY (IDUSUARIO),
 CONSTRAINT CK_INICIALPOSITIVO CHECK (PRECIOINICIAL IS NULL OR PRECIOINICIAL>=0),
 CONSTRAINT CK_FINALPOSITIVO CHECK (PRECIOFINAL IS NULL OR PRECIOFINAL>=0),
 CONSTRAINT CK_RELACIONPRECIOS CHECK ((PRECIOINICIAL IS NULL AND PRECIOFINAL IS NULL)OR(PRECIOINICIAL IS NOT NULL AND PRECIOFINAL IS NOT NULL AND PRECIOINICIAL<=PRECIOFINAL))
 );

 CREATE TABLE PREFERENCIAZONA(
 IDUSUARIO INTEGER,
 NOMBREZONA VARCHAR(20),
 CONSTRAINT FK_USUARIOPREF FOREIGN KEY (IDUSUARIO) REFERENCES PREFERENCIA(IDUSUARIO),
 CONSTRAINT FK_ZONAPREF FOREIGN KEY (NOMBREZONA) REFERENCES ZONA(NOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT PK_PREFERENCIAZONA PRIMARY KEY (IDUSUARIO,NOMBREZONA)
 );

 CREATE TABLE CATEGORIA(
 NOMBRE VARCHAR(20),
 CONSTRAINT PK_CATEGORIA PRIMARY KEY (NOMBRE)
 );

 CREATE TABLE PREFERENCIACATEGORIA(
 IDUSUARIO INTEGER,
 NOMBRECATEGORIA VARCHAR(20),
 CONSTRAINT FK_IDPREFERENCIA FOREIGN KEY (IDUSUARIO) REFERENCES PREFERENCIA(IDUSUARIO),
 CONSTRAINT FK_CATEGORIAPREFERENCIA FOREIGN KEY (NOMBRECATEGORIA) REFERENCES CATEGORIA(NOMBRE),
 CONSTRAINT PK_PREFERENCIACATEGORIA PRIMARY KEY (IDUSUARIO, NOMBRECATEGORIA));

CREATE TABLE CUENTA(
VALOR NUMBER NOT NULL,
NUMEROCUENTA VARCHAR (20) NOT NULL,
FECHA DATE NOT NULL,
IDUSUARIO INTEGER ,
CONSTRAINT FK_IDUSUARIOCUENTA FOREIGN KEY (IDUSUARIO) REFERENCES USUARIO(ID),
CONSTRAINT PK_CUENTA PRIMARY KEY (NUMEROCUENTA),
CONSTRAINT CK_NUMCUENTA CHECK (REGEXP_LIKE(NUMEROCUENTA, '^[[:digit:]]+$')));

CREATE TABLE TIPOSDEPLATO(
NOMBRE VARCHAR(20),
CONSTRAINT PK_TIPOSP PRIMARY KEY (NOMBRE),
CONSTRAINT CK_TIPOSP CHECK (NOMBRE IN ('ENTRADA','PLATO FUERTE','POSTRE','BEBIDA','ACOMPAÑAMIENTO'))
);

CREATE TABLE PRODUCTO(
ID INTEGER,
NOMBRE VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
TIPO VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
PERSONALIZABLE CHAR(1) NOT NULL,
PRECIO NUMBER NOT NULL,
TRADUCCION VARCHAR(500),
DESCRIPCION VARCHAR(500),
COSTOPRODUCCION NUMBER NOT NULL,
TIEMPO NUMBER,
CONSTRAINT PK_PRODUCTO PRIMARY KEY (ID),
CONSTRAINT FK_TIPO FOREIGN KEY (TIPO) REFERENCES TIPOS_DE_PLATO (NOMBRE),
CONSTRAINT CK_NUMEROS CHECK (PRECIO >=0 AND COSTOPRODUCCION >=0 AND TIEMPO >=0),
CONSTRAINT CK_DESCRIPCION CHECK ((DESCRIPCION IS NULL AND TRADUCCION IS NULL) OR (DESCRIPCION IS NOT NULL AND TRADUCCION IS NOT NULL)),
CONSTRAINT CK_PERSONALIZABLE CHECK (PERSONALIZABLE IN ('0','1')),
CONSTRAINT CK_DESCRIPCION2 CHECK ((DESCRIPCION LIKE 'null' AND TRADUCCION LIKE 'null') OR (DESCRIPCION  NOT LIKE 'null' AND TRADUCCION  NOT LIKE 'null')),
CONSTRAINT CK_DESCRIPCION3 CHECK (((DESCRIPCION LIKE '' AND TRADUCCION LIKE '') OR (DESCRIPCION  NOT LIKE '' AND TRADUCCION  NOT LIKE '')))

);

CREATE TABLE INGREDIENTE(
ID INTEGER,
NOMBRE VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
DESCRIPCION VARCHAR (500),
TRADUCCION VARCHAR (500),
CONSTRAINT PK_ING PRIMARY KEY (ID),
CONSTRAINT CK_DESCING CHECK ((DESCRIPCION IS NULL AND TRADUCCION IS NULL) OR (DESCRIPCION IS NOT NULL AND TRADUCCION IS NOT NULL)),
CONSTRAINT CK_DESCING2 CHECK ((DESCRIPCION LIKE 'null' AND TRADUCCION LIKE 'null') OR (DESCRIPCION  NOT LIKE 'null' AND TRADUCCION  NOT LIKE 'null')),
CONSTRAINT CK_DESCING3 CHECK (((DESCRIPCION LIKE '' AND TRADUCCION LIKE '') OR (DESCRIPCION  NOT LIKE '' AND TRADUCCION  NOT LIKE '')))
);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
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What is Prostate Cancer: Causes, Risk Factors & Treatment
Images used: Shutterstock
21.NOV.2019 6 MIN READ | 6 MIN READ
Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in Singapore, but early detection and treatment can help save lives.
What is the prostate
The prostate is a walnut-sized gland and an important part of the male reproductive system. It is located just below the urinary bladder, and one of its functions is to produce semen.
As men age, the prostate undergoes changes such as increasing in size, a common condition known as benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), or uncontrolled cell growth which can become malignant and lead to prostate cancer.
What is Prostate Cancer?
Prostate cancer is a type of cancer that begins in the gland cells of the prostate.
According to statistics from the Singapore Cancer Society, prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among Singaporean men, especially those above the age of 50.
What causes prostate cancer
While it is unclear why this happens, doctors know that it begins when prostate cells undergo genetic changes. This leads to rapid and abnormal growth and division of cells which form a malignant tumour. These cancerous cells then invade surrounding tissue such as the seminal vesicles and bladder neck.
Signs and symptoms of prostate cancer
In most cases, prostate cancer develops without any visible symptoms. This makes detection difficult and the cancer may spread through the body's lymphatic system and into other parts of the body such as the lungs. It can also spread to lymph nodes in the pelvis or to the bones.
Some symptoms of prostate cancer include:
Constantly feeling the need to urinate
Feeling a strong need to urinate, but having a very low stream of urine
Frequent urination at night
Dark, reddish coloured urine
Weakness or swelling of the lower limbs
Back pain, especially at rest/at night
If you experience any of these symptoms, you should seek advice from a doctor.
Risk factors for prostate cancer
There are several factors that increase your risk for developing prostate cancer. These include:
Increasing age, as prostate cancer is more common in men above 50 years
Ethnic background, with prostate cancer significantly more common among Chinese men in Singapore compared to other ethnic groups
Family history of prostate cancer or breast cancer
Obesity, with some studies finding that cancer in obese persons is more likely to be aggressive and to return after treatment
Testing for prostate cancer
As most prostate cancers do not cause symptoms in the initial stages, men who are concerned about prostate cancer can speak to their doctors about testing for early prostate cancer. This can be considered when men reach 50 years of age, or earlier if they have a family member with prostate cancer.
There are several tests your doctor may recommend to detect prostate cancer.
Types of prostate cancer test
Digital rectal examination (DRE)
In a digital rectal exam, your doctor will insert a gloved and lubricated finger into the rectum to feel for abnormalities such as enlarged or hardened areas of the prostate.
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test
The prostate produces a specific antigen which is normally present in small quantities. Changes in the prostate, such as enlargement, infection or cancer, can cause higher levels of prostate-specific antigens measured in a blood test.
A PSA is often recommended as a screening test for those who may not exhibit any symptoms. While there is no specific level that determines whether a patient has prostate cancer or not, those with PSA levels between 4 – 10ng/mL of blood are estimated to have a 1-in-4 chance of having prostate cancer. For those whose levels are between 10-20ng/ml, the chance of finding prostate cancer is 30-50%. The risk of finding prostate cancer gets higher with higher PSA levels.
For men who have already been diagnosed with prostate cancer, a PSA test may be performed to help your doctor determine the stage and grade of the cancer, so that an appropriate treatment regimen can be advised.
Prostate Health Index (PHI)
The PSA test has a limited specificity to detect prostate cancer, especially in the grey zone of PSA 4-10ng/ml. This may result in men undergoing unnecessary further testing.
The Prostate Health Index (PHI) is a blood test that is more specific than a PSA, and helps further risk-stratify men at risk of prostate cancer. This test can reduce the risk of unnecessary prostate biopsies.
MRI Prostate
If there is a suspicion for prostate cancer, MRI of the prostate may detect suspicious areas which can then be targeted during a prostate biopsy. On the other hand, if the MRI does not show any suspicious areas, your doctor may recommend further observation instead.
Prostate biopsy
If a DRE and/or PSA test reveal abnormalities, a biopsy may be recommended to collect tissue samples so they can be checked for cancer.
In this procedure, a needle will be inserted into the prostate either through the rectum in a transrectal biopsy, or via the skin between the anus and scrotum in a transperineal biopsy. This may be repeated several times so that the doctor can collect samples systematically from different parts of the prostate. The transperineal biopsy has the advantage of a lower risk of post biopsy infection and bleeding from the rectum compared to the transrectal biopsy.
Systematic biopsy is a blind procedure, where your doctor is unable to see the suspicious areas within the prostate while collecting the sample. Therefore, several samples are taken to improve the chances of detecting cancer if it is present. The samples will then be checked in a laboratory.
Systematic biopsies have a false positive rate of 25-30%, meaning a negative biopsy result does not exclude cancer, and that further follow-up may be required.
If a MRI prostate was done beforehand, the information from the MRI can be used to aid in targeting the suspicious areas. In this way, targeted biopsies are more accurate than systematic biopsies, leading to more certainty after the biopsy.
Thus transperineal MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy is the current cutting-edge technology for prostate biopsies.
Early screening for prostate cancer can reduce the risk of death. And the sooner treatment commences, the higher the chances of positive outcomes and recovery.
Read more about why you should test for prostate cancer early here.
Understanding your prostate biopsy results
A prostate biopsy will reveal 1 of 3 results:
Negative for cancer, which means that no cancer cells were found in the samples. As there is a chance of false-negative results, your doctor may advise a repeat biopsy or other tests should there be a strong suspicion of prostate cancer based on your risk factors and/or symptoms.
Positive for cancer, which means that cancer cells were found in the samples. A grade will be assigned, with higher grades of cancer indicating that the cancer is more likely to grow and spread quickly.
Suspicious, which means that something abnormal was found, and it is unclear whether it may be cancer or not. Your doctor will advise if further tests are needed to rule out cancer or other conditions.
Types of prostate cancer treatment
Your doctor will recommend an appropriate treatment for you, which may include 1 or more of the following:
A radical prostatectomy is the surgical removal of the prostate. In Singapore, this is most commonly performed with the assistance of the Da Vinci surgical robot. This tool gives the surgeon magnified vision, with small wristed instruments that replicate the dexterity of the surgeon's own hand, allowing the surgeon to precisely remove the prostate through small incisions of 1cm or less. Through robotic assisted radical prostatectomy, patients typically experience less pain from smaller incisions, less blood loss and shorter hospital stays (usually 2 nights), compared to open surgery.
Radiotherapy involves the use of high-energy x-ray beams targeted at the prostate from outside the body. These x-ray beams damage the cancer cells and stop them from growing and spreading to other parts of the body.
Other treatment options
In some cases, some doctors may advise you to wait, as not all prostate cancers need to be treated immediately. Some cancers progress very slowly and thus have a very low potential to cause death. In such situations, your condition can be monitored through regular PSA testing, MRI scans and biopsies. This is called active surveillance, to prevent the need of incurring unnecessary treatment costs or risks for men with cancers that are not likely to harm them.
Read more about various prostate cancer treatment options here.
Early detection and survival rates for prostate cancer patients
Survival rates for prostate cancer depend on several factors, such as the patient's age and overall health, and the stage or grade of the cancer. As with many types of cancer, early detection and prompt treatment can improve your chances of successful treatment and improve survival rates.
The Singapore Cancer Society reports that, in those with localised disease that has not spread to other organs and low cancer grades, there is a 5-year survival rate for more than 95% of patients.
In those with advanced or metastatic prostate cancer, which means it has spread to other organs, the 5-year survival rate drops to 30%. However, the prognosis for men with advanced cancer has steadily improved with advancements in drug therapy.
To improve your chances of early detection and treatment, experts recommend regular screening to help detect signs of prostate cancer, especially among those with risk factors.
If you have any questions or concerns about prostate cancer, speak to a urologist.
Article contributed by Dr Lincoln Tan, urologist at Gleneagles Hospital
(n.d.) Prostate Cancer. Singapore Cancer Society. Retrieved from https://www.singaporecancersociety.org.sg/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/prostate-cancer.html#treatment
(2017) Tan, L., Tan, Y., Tai, B., et al. Prospective validation of %p2PSA and the Prostate Health Index, in prostate cancer detection in initial prostate biopsies of Asian men, with total PSA 4-10 ng ml-1. Asian Journal of Andrology, 19(3), 286–290. doi: 10.4103/1008-682x.168687
(n.d.) Prostate Cancer. Retrieved 20 December 2021 from https://www.singaporecancersociety.org.sg/learn-about-cancer/types-of-cancer/prostate-cancer.html
(28 June 2020) Picture of the Prostate. Retrieved 20 December 2021 from https://www.webmd.com/men/picture-of-the-prostate
(4 June 2021) Prostate cancer. Retrieved 20 December 2021 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/prostate-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20353087
(2015) Cancer Focus: Prostate Cancer. Retrieved 20 December 2021 from https://www.singaporecancersociety.org.sg/images/publications/cancer-focus/scs-cancer-focus-1502.pdf
(3 November 2020) Prostate cancer screening: Should you get a PSA test? Retrieved 21 December 2021 from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/psa-test/in-depth/prostate-cancer/art-20048087
(4 January 2021) Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer. Retrieved 21 December 2021 from https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer/detection-diagnosis-staging/tests.html
Tan Guan Lim Lincoln
Dr Lincoln Tan is a urologist practising at Gleneagles Hospital. He is also an accredited robotic surgeon at Mount Elizabeth Hospital.
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Cloudberries have an honored place in the Swedish kitchen, where they are used in desserts for special occasions.
Place eggs, sugar, vanilla, cloudberry jam, and cinnamon in the Vitamix container in the order listed and secure the lid.
Select Variable 1, start the machine, and increase to its highest speed. Blend for 3½ to 4 minutes.
The mixture should reach approximately 160° Fahrenheit to prevent the ice cream from crystalizing when frozen.
Pour the mixture into a bowl and allow it to cool (placing in an ice bath will speed up this process).
Once the mixture is cool, fold in whipped cream and mix until well incorporated.
Transfer to a storage container and freeze overnight. Let ice cream soften for 5 minutes before serving.


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RCA Inspiration celebrated a winning weekend at the 2019 Stellar Awards and NAACP Image Awards, with honors at both shows for Koryn Hawthorne, and five additional awards at the Stellar Awards honoring releases from Fred Hammond, Israel Houghton, Tasha Page-Lockhart, and The Walls Group. Taped in Las Vegas on March 29th, Kirk Franklin hosted the 34th Annual Stellar Gospel Music Awards for the second consecutive year and performed. Hezekiah Walker and Koryn Hawthorne also performed on the show, Donald Lawrence presented, and Phil Thornton, RCA Inspiration's SVP and General Manager, was inducted into the Stellar Honors Hall of Fame.


Fifteen years later, nearly $10.5 million has been pumped into our community as a result of that far-flung dream. The formula is simple: women who donate $1,000 are members of IMPACT 100 and they can commit time as well if desired. This year IMPACT is 1,103 strong — the largest in the world — with Asmar at the helm.
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In fact, in mid-October, IMPACT 100 members awarded 11 grants of more than $100,000 for non-profit projects throughout Escambia and Santa Rosa counties. Total impact this year: $1,103,000.


You urgently need money but you do not know how to make 200 dollars fast, do you? In the article below you are sure to find 14 ways, which will definitely help you.
People are pretty often in need of getting a small, but a very significant sum of money.
For example, they need to square the accounts with the bank and return the loan, or they require getting the treatment in the hospital or simply want to buy a very necessary thing.
That's why we offer you to learn how to make 200 dollars fast.
How to make 200 dollars fast by selling?
Sell things, which you do not need anymore.
One of the quickest ways how you are able to make money fast is to sell personal things, which are in demand.
Think what things you do not need anymore.
Unused gift certificates (in some countries such cards may be even sold on different websites and used in specific shops).
In order to sell the unnecessary things you may want to learn how to do it over the Internet.
Craigslist and eBay are the perfect places to trade the unnecessary items and make some extra money.
In order to sell used cell phones, IPad or Mac and other electronic equipment in good and excellent condition you may use the website Gazelle.com.
Besides, you may get the gadgets' evaluation.
The higher it will be, the faster and more expensive you will close the deal.
Amazon is very similar to eBay, where you'll easily get rid of such entertaining things as books, music, films.
If you are able to do handicraft, Etsy is a perfect place to trade them.
If creation of handicraft is your constant hobby, you might have a good and regular income from this website.
If you simply have plenty of different handmade things, which you are eager to get rid of, and there is a customer to buy them, this is a perfect opportunity how you could make 200 dollars fast.
Apart from the Internet you can also sell your personal things to people that you know and to the strangers as well.
Depending on where you live, every single method may teach you how to make profit fast.
Try to sell your things to the shops.
This is how you can make 200 dollars fast on selling designer's clothes, CDs and books.
Make money fast by giving your blood or plasma.
Plasma is a component of blood, and the process how you give it is similar to the blood donation: they take your blood, extract plasma and return red blood cells back to your organism.
In some countries the law forbids to sell plasma, but you can get the compensation for the wasted time.
For example, in the USA you are able to make 200 dollars per month, if you donate your plasma.
In order to donate your plasma you must be healthy and your age must be from 18 to 65.
In some countries you get the previously loaded gift certificates for donating the plasma.
Gather and sell scrap metal.
If you have a light pick-up car or a rather good trailer, you may gather scrap metal in your neighborhood, construction plants and dumps and then sell it to the dealers.
Check the prices of scrap metal and ask Google "where (or how) can I sell scrap metal in (your town or city)".
Read also: How to Earn Money at 13?
Make extra dollars on the metals of value, which you got from the old computers.
Computer's components contain valuable metals, such as steel, aluminum and gold.
Take to piece the old computers, pick the valuable metals and sell them to the special points of sale.
At first, you should gather as many old computers as possible in order to make good money.
For instance, you may offer to dump the old computers to the schools and various organizations, which renew the equipment, or simply look for the old computers via the Internet or advertisement boards.
Do not take to piece working computers.
Such computers can be sold as a whole unit and you are sure to make even more money this way, than by selling the metal from them.
If you have a metal detector or just an excellent sight, you can walk in public places, where people often lose their things (such places include parks, beaches, shopping malls).
Look for money, jewelry and other valuable items.
This method may not be very reliable, but you might be lucky and you'll find something that you will be able to sell fast, get cash and this is how you make 200 dollars fast.
How to make 200 dollars fast by working for cash?
Place the advertisement on the Internet or on the advertising board that you want to make extra dollars by unskilled work.
Besides, some employment services offer stop-gap jobs.
Another opportunity is to go where day-to-day workers gather and wait for the potential employers (house builders, landscape architects, house owners and small businessmen).
This is how many people make extra money.
Sign up on the special website in order to find people, who need a baby-sitter.
Such work will show you how to develop your talent and get some experience at entertaining children.
Nevertheless, you are able to make money much faster, if you work as a baby-sitter with people that you know well and ask them to recommend you to their friends, who have children and may need you.
In some places, you are likely to make in average 10 dollars per hour for baby-sitting.
This way, 20 hours will bring you 200 dollars.
Make money fast by walking the pets and taking care of them.
Busy people, who have dogs, are ready to pay money to somebody who will walk their pet.
Put the corresponding advertisement on the Internet or on the advertising board.
In your contacts put your mobile number, so that you were able to close the deal wherever you are.
Look for the friends, who leave town for some time and are ready to pay you, if you take care of their pet.
Pets' hotels are, as a rule, rather expensive (needless to say, many pets are very scared to stay there), and that's why your house or flat will become a perfect alternative.
During the holidays, pets' hotels are booked and you may even ask to get a higher payment.
In order to make 200 dollars fast, you can look for the several employers at once and properly make your schedule.
How to make 200 dollars fast by offering your services?
Nowadays, tutors can easily make 30 dollars per hour.
Organize several classes and you will easily make the desired sum of 200 dollars.
Millions of people think that learning English is very topical.
That's why you may offer your skills and teach people speaking English.
Even if you take 15-20 dollars per class and you have several pupils, you will make 200 dollars very fast.
If you freely know how to work with Word, Excel, PowerPoint and similar software, you are able to share the basic knowledge with other people, who actually need it.
Write articles for different blogs and websites.
If you are really good at some topics or you are a fast learner and you are able to process new materials easily and quickly, why not write a couple of articles for a separate payment.
Though the cost of one article may be from 10 to 15 dollars, if you type fast and have really good knowledge, you will make 200 dollars fast.
Offer the services of the graphic designer.
Surely, this method to make money will fit only those, who know a lot about this matter. Still, not many people will take it.
Look for those, who need such specialists on Craigslist.
Do the scientific-research activities for money.
There are plenty of organizations and private individuals, who need suchlike services.
Once again, Craigslist can help you or you can walk in the local colleges and find clients.
If your work is of high quality, you will make 200 dollars really fast.
Here you see the whole list of methods how to make 200 dollars fast.
Relying on your skills, you can choose what you like and make money!


Museum quality reproduction of "Portrait de la comtesse Emanuella Pignatelli Potocka". Wholesale oil painting reproductions of Leon Bonnat. We also create oil paintings from your photos or print that you like. Turn your photos into beautiful portrait paintings. Most orders will be delivered in 1-3 weeks depending on the complexity of the painting.


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Q: Getting Error When Insert data in Ms access 2007 using C# Here is My code . when ever i enter data in TextBox3 and TextBox4 without special characters its fine and when i enter data which contain special characters such as ",.;:#".
please give me solution thank you
   OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand();

   OleDbConnection mycon = new OleDbConnection();

   mycon.ConnectionString = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=C:\Users\AGENTJ.AGENTJ-PC\Documents\Visual Studio 2010\WebSites\mfaridalam\App_Data\mfaridalam1.accdb";

   cmd = mycon.CreateCommand();

   mycon.Open();
   cmd.CommandText = "INSERT INTO [Image] ([Image],[Sort],[Created],[Albumid],[Description],[title])VALUES('" + filename + "','" + ips + "','" + dateTime.ToString("dd/MM/yyyy") + "','" + newtable + "','" + TextBox4.Text + "','" + TextBox3.Text + "')";

    cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();

A: Using a parameterized query will help avoid these types of quoting errors, and will also protect the application from SQL injection attacks and other strange behaviours. They are slightly less compact to code, but they are well worth the effort.


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De Halfpipe mannen tijdens de Olympische Winterspelen 2010 vond plaats op woensdag 17 februari in Cypress Mountain. Titelverdediger Shaun White uit de Verenigde Staten wist zijn titel uit Turijn te prolongeren.

Uitslagen

Kwalificatie
Heat 1

Heat 2

Halve finale

Finale

Bronvermelding
  Kwalificatie
  Halve finale
  Finale

Mannen halfpipe

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This is the last in a series where I have been discussing a sequenced planning method to tree felling. When read in sequence, the articles combine to describe an effective tree felling planning process. It has been my intention to encourage readers to think about many aspects when felling trees – with the focus being on tree faller safety.
It is important to remember that some tree felling techniques developed from years of trial and error and in field practice and in all cases deserve our respect and acknowledgement. It is difficult to produce conclusive scientific data that verifies certain aspects of tree felling techniques, due to the many variables that are at work when dealing with living organisms such as trees.
Remember that new tools cannot get into a toolbox when the lid is closed. An open mind is like an open toolbox and new tools when tried and proven are a wise addition.
In most cases, the back-cut is the final step when felling a tree. The back-cut removes the wood left preventing the notch from closing, it also forms the hinge wood. The hinge wood is the wood left uncut behind the notch and is what provides control and guidance to a felled tree. It is important to understand that the hinge can only offer control as long as it can work; when the hinge fails, control is lost.
A crosscut saw was the tool of choice and for generations back-cuts were cut by hand with a crosscut saw, cutting from the back of the tree towards the notch. The modern chainsaw and tooth design offers us alternatives to this traditional method. The notch selected should be considered when deciding where to place the back-cut. Traditionally it has been recommended to raise back-cuts above the apex of the notch. This technique (called the stepped back-cut) forms a step or back stop and minimizes a tree from sliding backwards off the stump causing great risk to the faller. It is important to raise back-cuts whenever felling a tree with a small notch opening such as 45 degrees or less. In these cases, the hinge will have to break when the face notch closes. After all a notch with a 45 degree or less notch aperture will have to break the hinge and as a result will lose control when the tree in most cases is only half way to the ground. A limitation of a small notch aperture is that it forces hinge failure before the tree reaches the ground, thus causing loss of control and gravity takes over before the tree is on the ground. If limb tying or felling obstacles are present that could snag the falling tree a stepped back-cut is also advisable regardless of notch opening.
Many times when workers discuss tree felling notches, the conversation ends up being about what kind of notches are used and what they are called. Typically your hear about a common notch, a Humboldt notch, an open notch, and less frequently a v-notch, or swing notch. It is important to give techniques names because it helps identify one from another; however, it can also cause some problems. Typically when you learn a notching technique you identify the notch with a name and the learner connects the sequence of cuts and angles to that specific notch. This is typical basic training, however, I believe it is equally important to include an educational component that explains the 'why' behind the 'how'. This leaves a worker with an understanding and the ability to make wise choices in order to achieve specific results.
Education is understanding how something works; training is knowing how to perform a technique that works. I find in many cases individuals who have been falling trees for a long time were never educated about the origins or reason why the technique was developed and simply repeat the same traditions, not giving thought to what the notch is, what the notch does and how it can be cut to enhance and achieve desired results. The fact is we learn so much about falling trees and cutting notches by doing and we tend to follow what we saw from those that cut before us.
A powerful example of this is the common notch. The common notch is typically cut with a 45 degree opening. Why a 45 degree opening? The explanation of why lies in history. The modern day chainsaw has only been in use realistically since the 1950's, which means for many years prior the tools available for cutting notches were different. The tools most commonly used in North America since the arrival of the white man was the crosscut saw and axe. In order to cut a notch in a tree with a crosscut saw and an axe, the first cut is sawn perpendicular to the grain of the tree with the crosscut saw. Next, an axe chips the wood out using downward angled strikes; it is interesting to observe that an axe chips out wood best at a 45-degree angle to the wood grain. It is reasonable to deduce that the 45-degree common notch is a result of the limitations of the tools available at the time. Many cut the same notch today as it was done hundreds of year ago. Some consider that this notch was technically developed yet history suggests otherwise, the 45-degree notch is largely the result of tradition and older equipment limitations.
What is a notch and what does it do? A notch is an opening made into a tree trunk by making two angled cuts into the trunk with the intention being that the notch starts the tree falling in the desired direction of the fall and dictates how long the hinge can work and when it will have to break. From a mechanical point of view this notch in the tree changes the gravitational load forces on the remaining wood fibre, and the wood fibre left behind the notch is referred to as hinge wood. I will discuss hinge wood and tree falling control further in my next article.
Therefore rather than focusing on what a notch is named or called, let us look at what we want the notch to do for us when falling trees. Whenever I ask students if they would like to learn techniques that would improve safety and control of falling trees they all raise their hands or nod their heads in agreement. I must say that I am speaking in this article about notches that specifically focus on maximizing safety and control. The notching technique I am speaking of in this article is not a typical production falling notching technique. The technique has many technical considerations that are necessary to allow other important aspects of the tree falling process to work better and longer, such as the hinge. This notching technique is not based on tradition and equipment limitations as it requires fallers to think and plan and not simply follow a cookie cutter routine.
In order to improve safety and control when falling trees it is important to aim notches in the desired direction of fall and ensure that the completed notch opening or aperture should be of sufficient degrees to allow the hinge to provide control all the way to the ground. It is also important that the two cuts made to form the notch meet evenly and have no by-pass as this can encourage premature hinge failure.
The following simple three-step notching plan can help anyone achieve consistent and repeatable notching results.
Determine the angle formed by the trunk and the ground level; this angle should be the same as the angle or aperture of your notch opening. This will ensure that your hinge has every opportunity to work all the way to the ground giving a greater degree of control. Trees grow nearly perpendicular to level ground so often an opening of 70 to 90 degrees is common. However, trees growing on heavy slopes will always try to grow parallel to the force of gravity, this plant response is called geotropism, and in some cases the angle created by the trunk and the ground level is well over 100 degrees or well under 45 degrees.
Make the top cut first, and then the bottom cut of the notch. By doing this you can use the kerf created as a window to know when to stop cutting when making the final cut in order to avoid by-pass or mismatching. It is important to have even alignment where the top and bottom cut meet.
Following these three simple steps can improve your safety and control when felling trees. As often is the case with working with trees, chainsaws and gravity, there is no substitute for hands on practice, coaching, training and education. I always encourage people to attend hands on courses and attend seminars – after all education is a journey. It is my intention to stimulate thought with this article and get fallers to think about why they make the particular notches they make, where the techniques originated and why it developed. I have never seen one tree the same as another so why should we use a notching technique that is the same for every tree. In most cases it makes sense that techniques evolve that are similar and have common trends and that is a good thing. Just remember that repetitive complacency is a silent killer. Avoid mindless routine, challenge yourself daily to think through your work and make adjustments regularly even though they may seem minor. This engages your mind and stimulates learning.
In closing I want to tell you the name of this notching technique; it is called 'the open face notch', I think the name in this case says a lot, 'open face, open mind'.
In my next article I will explain how the back-cut and hinge work together with the notch.


Every adult has a list of things they know they should do, but often avoid for one reason or another. For homeowners, that list is even longer, and preventive HVAC maintenance sits right at the top. Most homeowners understand, at least in theory, that regular maintenance will keep a HVAC unit running longer and better, but many still don't feel a sense of urgency or importance when it comes to maintaining their system. If you need further convincing, here are three reasons to invest in a preventive maintenance plan.
Warranty terms are among the most-important and least-read information available to homeowners. If you haven't read over the warranty for your HVAC system, you may not realize what an important role preventive maintenance plays in the contract between you and the manufacturer. It's tempting to turn up your nose at the cost of an annual maintenance agreement. After all, your system is new, and the warranty should cover any major repairs, so why would you need to pay for regular tune-ups?
However, keep in mind that many manufacturers call for routine maintenance as a term of the warranty. If something breaks and you can't prove you've done your part, the warranty will be void and you'll be stuck with the cost of repairs.
Not only will a well-maintained HVAC system last longer, but it will also work better. That translates into several key benefits for you and your family. First, the more efficiently your system runs, the lower your monthly energy bills will be – leaving you with more money to spend on the things your family wants and needs.
Second, you will experience better indoor air quality. Changing the filters regularly will help keep pollen and other allergens out of your lungs, and you can complete that task yourself. However, a HVAC technician will go a lot further during your annual tune-ups, cleaning the coils and even checking for mold and mildew. Air quality is something you only notice as it gets worse. Protect yourself from allergies, headaches, and cold symptoms by having your system professionally maintained. You'll breathe easier, whether you notice or not.
With a preventive maintenance plan, you get the peace of mind that comes from prescheduled, professional inspections and all the benefits of a well-maintained system. However, preventive maintenance plans come with a variety other incentives as well. Examples include a 10% discount on repairs and priority service in an emergency. Some HVAC companies even offer credit toward the price of a new unit when replacement becomes inevitable.
A preventive maintenance plan truly is an investment — and an extraordinarily safe investment, too. Every HVAC requires maintenance, and repairs are not a matter of "if," but rather "when" and "how bad." Regular maintenance will save you money in several ways. You will save money through lower monthly energy bills, fewer costly repairs, an intact warranty, and service discounts. You will also reap rewards such as improved indoor air quality and better peace of mind. With so many good reasons to make preventive maintenance a priority, why not put it at the top of your list?


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Q: Affine transformation with 3 points and merging images I am writing a Python program that shows 2 thermal (low res) drone shots next to each other. The user then chooses 3 points on both pictures after which the second picture should be transformed and merged with the first. The following step the program should show the merged picture with the third picture from the flight next to it etc.
At the moment I'm looking at ways to do the transformation and merging of the images.
I was thinking of reading the images as arrays (a list of lists (= rows)), manually calculating the new location of each pixel with the transformation formula (at the moment I have calculated the transformation matrix with OpenCV), creating a new empty list of lists and pasting the pixel value in the corresponding location in the new list of lists. Afterward, I wanted to fill al the empty 'cells' with zero's.
To merge them I would again create a new list of lists and loop through both images and get the maximum or average value for each cell and filling the empty remaining 'cells' with zero's. This resulting merged image I would then show in the window next to the following image from the flight as I mentioned.
I still don't know how I'm going to predict the size of my list of lists before calculating the new coordinates of the pixel values. Also, this approach seems kind of long and inefficient so I was wondering if there is an easier way to do this using Wand or OpenCV (or any other library).

A: I did everything manually and it works, one problem I still have is diagonal NoData lines through the tranformed image. I suppose this is the result of the rounding of coordinates because I can't use floats (which are the result of the transformation formula) as indices in the lists. (The 3 sets of points weren't chosen super carefully for this example but you get the point.)
EDIT: I solved the diagonal lines by filling in the calculated value in the center pixels and the 8 other pixels bordering the center pixels. It makes the image blurrier but it's the only solution I've got.