While I sat inside the famous Fountainebleau Hotel last week attending MarketCounsel 2015, the rain was coming down in sheets on Miami Beach. Fortunately, I was surrounded by power players from the independent advisor channel and there was a steady stream of decision makers and industry influencers parading across the stage in front of me.
Here are some of the key takeaways from Day 1 as posted live on Twitter during the summit.
MarketCounsel has consistently attracted the RIA decision makers that vendors crave. Consider that the average advisor has just $97 million in AUM, according to PriceMetrix.
The MarketCounsel staff started off this session with a healthy dose of FINRA-bashing.
Ouch! No pulling punches on this panel.
If the RIA industry could set up a self-regulating organization (SRO) that had enough funding to effectively review more than 10% of firms every year (the current SEC limitation) they would have a case.
The independent channel will control 38% of all assets by the end of next year, according to Cerulli.
A new anti-money laundering law recently passed by the state of New York could put compliance officers at risk of criminal prosecution if their firms fail to abide by their written AML guidelines.
A billion dollars in AUM isn't what it used to be. In a recent InvestmentNews survey, 20% of RIAs respondents has AUM of at least $1 billion in 2014. That number was 2.5% a decade ago.
The panelists were then asked which 2015 buzzword will fall off the radar in 2016?
I strongly disagree with this prediction. As long as RIAs and their vendors have all key systems connected to the Internet, it will be critical to stay vigilant and maintain cybersecurity.
Jimmy Moock and I are on the same page. $HACK is the symbol for PureFunds ISE Cyber Security ETF. It's top holdings include Trend Micro, Qualys, SAIC and Juniper Networks. It's currently trading 25% off its 52-week high.
Bigger seems to be better in the minds of many RIAs when it comes to choosing a custodian.
This is a demographic opportunity for RIA firms that are flush with private equity funds and on the hunt for acquisitions.
There's no reason to insult the audience, is there? I thought the political pundits were sparing over lunch?
Once Kevin Keller made the comment comparing 162 different advisor designations to Twinkies, I couldn't stop related everything I heard to Ghostbusters.
I believe that Mark's question was about industry adoption of the technology used to validate the transfer of the digital currency Bitcoin from one owner to another. This technology is called blockchain and has the potential to disrupt the financial industry, which is built on ledgers.
Most financial transactions are concerned with guaranteeing and tracking assets as they move from one ledger to another.
Bitcoin's public ledger is distributed across millions of computers, recording every Bitcoin transaction – with little or no cost. There is growing interest in treating Bitcoin not as a currency but as a digital equivalent to a notary's stamp: using the blockchain as a way to authenticate digital transactions, offering irrevocable proof of ownership with a traceable history.
Custodians, order management systems, and trade execution systems all generate revenue because they can reliably transfer data from one client ledger to another. What happens to them when these services can be offered for little to no cost?
Mirchandani responded by agreeing that blockchain could be disruptive, but didn't reveal any plans by Fidelity to use it.
Twinkies have become the ultimate social media analogy tool.
This session wasn't so much about political disruption as it was political theater. Karl Rove and David Plouffe are operatives who understand that they're playing a game. They seemed to agree on more issues than you would expect from former campaign managers from opposing sides of the political spectrum.
I think the audience was expecting fireworks, but were disappointed by the civility and agreement by the two political heavyweights.
@jlahita_ficomm @jimmymoock this is 1 session I'm bummed to be missing #MSUM15 – can make drinking game out of # times Trump is mentioned.
Joe, you would have a decent buzz going by the time the lunch session was over.
Rove wasn't exactly going out on a limb with this prediction. Now if he proposed a Trump/Fiorina GOP ticket, that would be radical crystal ball gazing!
The recession "officially" ended in march 2009, but seven years of anemic growth certainly will affect peoples' impression of the economy.
It's quite ironic that the man most responsible for electing a Progressive president, is now shilling for Uber, a company that is reviled by Progressives for bringing competition and innovation to the over-regulated, century-old taxi industry.
They are probably not looking for a financial advisor, either. His point was that working part-time for Uber can help people to generate extra income in case of an emergency. Or will they just spend the extra dough on a new smartphone or game controller?
They were answering a question about certain demographics being stacked against one party or the other. They both agreed that voters' attitudes often change over time. Voters in a particular demographic that voted one way in one or more prior elections could shift enough to swing an election unexpectedly. Rove point to George W. Bush's surprising success with Latino and African-American voters in 2004.
In the 2012 election cycle, $6 billion was spent across both parties and political action committees. The 57.5% turnout was down from 2008, but still totaled 84 million out of the total 146 million registered voters. If only 10% can be influenced, that around $70 spent for each undecided voter.
Well, that about sums things up.
Spencer Bachus, former U.S. Representative for the state of Alabama, serving from 1993 to 2015. He served as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee.
Based on the actions this administration has taken over the past seven years to expand their jurisdiction into new areas and inventing new loopholes in existing laws, my bet is on the DOL being able to regulate anything they want.
True, but the SEC will never admit that. They will only ask for more funding.
I don't believe that anyone challenged him over his statement. Of course, there are proponents on both sides.
Steering clients' savings into funds with higher fees—and lower returns even before fees.
Inappropriate rollovers out of lower-cost retirement plans into higher-cost vehicles.
Sen. Jon Tester (D., Mont.) said he was worried the proposal would have the effect of reducing options for small savers and could conflict with a similar effort now under way at the Securities and Exchange Commission, creating administrative headaches.
"If this takes away options and the rules are not harmonized [with SEC] it will be a disaster," Mr. Tester said. Given the huge savings gap America faces, "we ought to be increasing options, not limiting them," he said.
There are so many problems with this law it's hard to know where to begin. Kotz pointed out that the law authorized an office of a financial consumer ombudsman, even though one already existed in the SEC with the exact same mandate.
The law also created the Office of Financial Research (OFR), which has two key components – a data-collection arm that has broad power to request any kind of information from financial firms it deems necessary, and a research and analysis arm that to be focused on monitoring the financial system for risk and producing research to improve regulation.
"[f]inancial risks, particularly those known as Black Swan events cannot be measured in any possible quantitative and predictive manner; they can only be dealt with [in] non-predictive ways." He argued that trying to do what the OFR is designed to do could actually increase risks, in part by increasing "overconfidence" in the information's ability to predict the next crisis.
And we wonder why Congress can't get anything done. There's no penalty for failure!
Another reason for RIAs to outsource compliance or join a larger firm that has a robust compliance team.
This is either the opposite of what was said in an earlier session about the SEC problems being due to competence, not lack of resources. Apparently, they have both problems.
Good advice for anyone looking to grow a company from a sole proprietorship to a corporation.
This comment struck a chord with everyone on stage.
The most successful firms can afford to buy with confidence when everyone else is panic selling.
Employees that don't embrace the company culture should not be promoted into management positions, Putterman added.
That's $250mm in AUM per advisor. Impressive.
Thanks Craig for putting this together, excellent summary for those of us who weren't able to attend this time.
A couple of issues I found interesting. First, I think the 38% of assets in the independent channel is very exciting. However, would be great to understand how that breaks down by custodian. Perhaps in the future, the wirehouses are just another form of open platform custodian, joined for a first time by previously pure–play asset managers. Is there a big difference between Merrill Lynch, Schwab, and Vanguard in 2020?
I strongly agree with your point of view on cyber security. Data protection and privacy are not trends, they are fundamental needs of software distributed by the Internet. Attacks, driven by artificial intelligence, will become more complex. And the defenses will become more expensive but necessary.
On adviser designations, I think we are yet to see a mainstream adoption of the most important one. For me, that is a true fluency in behavioral finance and the psychology of financial relationships. And as for the block chain – let me just refer you to Overstock getting SEC permission to issue potentially $500MM of their own shares on a blockchain-powered trading platform. Lots of food for thought!
Asset managers will only become brands if third-parties publicly and frequently write and speak favorably about them. Think Starbucks, Disney, Google. Nobody is going to write mass-market books about Blackrock or State Street, and that's ok. They'll do fine w/o a consumer-facing visible leader like Howard Schultz or John Bogle.
And all this talk about the importance of culture is true…but very few firms get it right.


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SÜFYAN BÝN ABDULLAH YEMENÝ

Geri

Meþhur velilerden. Doðum ve vefat tarihi bilinmemektedir. Künyesi Ebu Muhammed'dir. On
üçüncü asýrda yaþamýþtýr.

Menkýbeleri þöyle anlatýlmýþtýr: Bir defasýnda Aden þehrine gitmiþti. Oranýn Sultaný,
memurlarýndan bir yahudiye geniþ salahiyet vermiþti. Öyle ki müslümanlar adeta bu
yahudinin esiri durumuna düþmüþtü. Süfyan bin Abdullah hazretleri, bir fakir kýyafetinde
þehre girdi. O yahudi bir kürsü üzerine oturmuþ, müslüman halký etrafýna toplamýþtý.
Yahudiye yaklaþýp Kelime-i þehadeti söyleyip iman etmesini istedi. Bu sözlerini duyan
yahudi, gurur ve kibir içinde baðýrýp çaðýrmaya baþladý. Askerleri toplayýp Süfyan bin

Abdullah hazretlerinin üzerine gönderdi. Ancak ona hiçbir þey yapamadýlar. Tekrar þehadet
getirmesini söyledi. Fakat yine müslüman olmadý. Üçüncü defasýnda da Kelime-i þehadeti
söylemesini istedi. Direnince, sol eline bir çaký býçaðý alýp yahudinin boynunu kesti. Bu haber
sultana ulaþýnca inanamadý. Ýþin doðru olduðunu anlayýnca, katili yakalayýp bana getirin diye
emir verdi. Askerler yakalamak için yanýna gittiler. Fakat bir türlü yaklaþamadýlar. Manen
korunuyordu. Müslümanlarý büyük bir sýkýntýdan kurtarmýþtý. Yakalamaya güç yetiremeyince
þehri terketmesini istediler. Ancak o bazý dostlarý ile istiþare ederek hapsedilmeye razý oldu.
Hapiste ellerini ve ayaklarýný baðlamýþlardý. Cuma günü gelince namaza gitmek istedi.
Baðladýklarý kelepçeler kerametiyle çözüldü. Hapishaneden çýkýp camiye gitti. Camide
sultanýn yanýna kadar gidip oturdu. Namazdan sonra camiden çýkýp hapishaneye döndü. Bir
müddet daha hapishanede kaldý. Sultan onun büyük bir veli olduðunu iyice anlayýp serbest
býraktý.

Taiz þehrinde de buna benzer bir hadise olmuþtu. Þöyle ki orada da bir yahudiye bazý iþleri
yapmasýný söyledi. "Eðer yapmazsan elimdeki kalemi keserim!" dedi. Yahudi kesersen kes
benimle ne alakasý var deyince, elindeki kalemi kesti, o sýrada yahudinin de baþý kopup yere
düþtü.

Bir talebesi yabancý bir kadýna yaklaþmak istediðinde gözüküp bir tokat vurdu. Talebenin
gözleri görmez oldu. Gelip aðlayarak yalvardý. Tövbe eder misin deyince, evet ederim dedi.
Bunun üzerine gözlerin açýlýr ama sonunda kör olarak ölürsün dedi. Bu talebesi ölümünden
birkaç gün önce kör oldu ve o hal üzere vefat etti.

1) Camiu Keramat-il-Evliya; c.2, s.26

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


An unstitched cobalt blue, two piece suite in chiffon crinkle. The work is done by hand in dandi tanka, kacha tanka and shadow work in multi color threads. Floral motifs along the neckline, daman, and sleeves. The back is plain. The dupatta has small floral motifs.


Find the textures on the Textures finder given out in class. I will take these in.
Finish page 23 in the harmony workbook. Make sure you have used Ib V I and Ic V I on BOTH melodic patterns.
Submit your new sketch on Moodle by Wednesday 4pm at the latest.
By Tom Pankhurst in Homework on November 23, 2014 .


I admit it. I take pleasure in taking part in the occasional video game with my youngsters, so when Pokémon Go was released, it seemed like an excellent opportunity to spend time outdoors with them. Perplexus looks like a type of video games that you just simply can't help however decide up and play when it is sitting on a desk in front of you and, judging by the huge quantities of positive critiques, it is. This one is great for creating superb-motor expertise and hand-eye coordination.
This 12 months has yielded a number of new games to play together, all of that are miles higher than charades and none of which can make you resent your Christmas companions as much as Monopoly. Be sure you choose gentle-hearted games that shall be participating and allow to your guests to study funny tidbits about each other. Not solely will you love to see how the family has grown through the years, however you may enjoy reminiscing about past Christmas celebration game traditions and stories for years to come. It is a likelihood for us to do something that challenges the mind whereas constructing the household bonds.
If a number of individuals slap at once, the person whose hand is most in touch with the Jack adds all the playing cards to his or her pile. Similar to different reminiscence video games, playing cards are laid out on the desk and you need to try to match up the equivalent ones within the pile. By 6, youngsters may want extra cognitively challenging video games like checkers, which require and assist develop planning, technique, persistence, and critical thinking abilities. Specific your family pleasure with ethnic music or set the tone for a formal banquet with timeless classical performances.


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Secondary patency of all grafts.
Secondary graft patency as a function of intact runoff. Y indicates intact distal runoff; N, no intact distal runoff.
Secondary graft patency as a function of location. Femoral-distal indicates an anastomosis inferior to the popliteal artery.
Secondary graft patency as a function of composition. PTFE indicates polytef.
Secondary graft patency as a function of performance of additional interventions. PTA indicates percutaneous transluminal angioplasty.
Characteristics of Patients Treated With Thrombolysis*
Ascer ECollier PGupta SKVeith FJ Reoperation for PTFE bypass failure: the importance of distal outflow site and operative technique in determining outcome. J Vasc Surg. 1987;5298- 310Google ScholarCrossref
Rutherford RBFlanigan DPGupta SK et al. Suggested standards for reports dealing with lower extremity ischemia. J Vasc Surg. 1986;480- 94Google ScholarCrossref
McNamara TOBomberger RAMerchant RF Intra-arterial urokinase as the initial therapy for acutely ischemic lower limbs. Circulation. 1991;83 ((suppl I)) I-106- I-119Google Scholar
Ouriel KShortell CKGreen RMDeWeese JA Differential mechanisms of failure of autogenous and non-autogenous bypass conduits: an assessment following successful graft thrombolysis. Cardiovasc Surg. 1995;3469- 473Google ScholarCrossref
STILE Investigators, Results of a prospective randomized trial evaluating surgery versus thrombolysis for ischemia of the lower extremity: the STILE trial. Ann Surg. 1994;220251- 266discussion, 266-268Google ScholarCrossref
Berkowitz HDKee JC Occluded infrainguinal grafts: when to choose lytic therapy versus a new bypass graft. Am J Surg. 1995;170136- 139Google ScholarCrossref
Mewissen MWSeabrook GRCrain MRPaz-Furnagalli RFreischlag JATowne JB Thrombolysis for the salvage of acutely thrombosed infrainguinal bypass grafts: determinants of long-term success [abstract]. Radiology. 1995;197234Google Scholar
Ikeda YRummel MCField CK et al. Relationship of runoff vessels to results following thrombolysis and revascularization for synthetic graft occlusions. Am Surg. 1995;61481- 485Google Scholar
Lacroix HSuy RNevelsteen A et al. Local thrombolysis for occluded arterial grafts: is the yield worth the effort? J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1994;35187- 191Google Scholar
Ouriel KShortell CKAzodo MVUGuiterrez OHMarder VJ Acute peripheral arterial occlusion: predictors of success in catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy. Radiology. 1994;193561- 566Google Scholar
Nackman GBWalsh DBFillinger MF et al. Thrombolysis of occluded infrainguinal vein grafts: predictors of outcome. J Vasc Surg. 1997;251023- 1031discussion 1031-1032Google ScholarCrossref
Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology Orthopedics Surgery Vascular Surgery
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Zuckerman DA, Alderman MG, Idso MC, Pilgram TK, Sicard GA. Follow-up of Infrainguinal Graft Thrombolysis: Analysis of Predictors of Clinical Success. Arch Surg. 2003;138(2):198–202. doi:10.1001/archsurg.138.2.198
Follow-up of Infrainguinal Graft Thrombolysis: Analysis of Predictors of Clinical Success
Darryl A. Zuckerman, MD; Mary G. Alderman, MD; Mary C. Idso, RN; et al Thomas K. Pilgram, PhD; Gregorio A. Sicard, MD
From the Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (Drs Zuckerman, Alderman, and Pilgram and Ms Idso) and the Department of Surgery (Dr Sicard), Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo. Dr Zuckerman is now with the Department of Radiology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.
Arch Surg. 2003;138(2):198-202. doi:10.1001/archsurg.138.2.198
Hypothesis Thrombolysis is an accepted technique to salvage a failed infrainguinal bypass graft. Careful case selection, including consideration of the native arterial runoff and the type and location of the graft, will portend a better clinical outcome and prolonged graft patency.
Design Retrospective study of an inception cohort of 91 acutely thrombosed grafts.
Setting Academic tertiary care center.
Patients We analyzed 91 consecutive occluded grafts in 69 patients for secondary graft patency and clinical outcome.
Intervention Regional transcatheter thrombolysis.
Main Outcome Measures Technical success, secondary graft patency, and the need for major limb amputation.
Results Immediate technical success resulting in restoration of flow was achieved in 80 (88%) of 91 cases. Angioplasty or additional surgical intervention (eg, patch, interposition graft, or jump graft to a more distal site) was performed in 44 subjects (64%). Longer duration of secondary patency was associated with synthetic vs vein grafts (P = .03), popliteal vs distal (tibial/pedal) insertion of the anastomosis (P = .008), and intact native arterial outflow (P = .003). Twenty-three cases required major limb amputation in the follow-up period, but 17 (74%) of these had reocclusion within 30 days of thrombolysis. Only 43 grafts (47%) were found to be patent at 1-year follow-up.
Conclusions In carefully selected cases, thrombolytic therapy is an effective means to restore limb viability in patients with occluded infrainguinal grafts. Long-term patency rates, although similar to those of surgical series, remain poor.
THROMBOSIS OF infrainguinal bypass grafts remains a troublesome problem for the vascular surgeon and interventional radiologist. Aside from placement of a new graft, the 2 current therapeutic options are traditional surgical thrombectomy and transcatheter delivery of thrombolytic therapy with or without an adjunctive surgical or percutaneous interventional procedure. However, duration of graft patency and overall limb salvage rates have been relatively poor with both techniques. These unsatisfactory long-term results have even prompted a group to recommend placement of a new bypass when grafts to the infrapopliteal circulation fail.1
Unfortunately, the clinical data of patients who are treated with thrombolytic therapy can be confusing because many studies combine suprainguinal and infrainguinal grafts or native arteries and bypass grafts, lack long-term follow-up, or have a relatively small sample size. With this series, we analyze our experience and the long-term results of thrombolytic therapy of infrainguinal grafts, evaluate potential predictors of outcome, and offer some prognostications as to what the physician and patient can expect.
From January 28, 1992, through June 27, 1995, 91 thrombosed infrainguinal bypass grafts were treated with local thrombolytic therapy delivered by means of a percutaneous transcatheter approach. Sixty-nine subjects were included in the study; of these, 16 patients presented with reocclusion of the same graft and were treated 2 (n = 10) or 3 times (n = 6) after the initial hospital discharge. These additional events of thrombosis in the same graft were analyzed separately on their own merit. Demographics of our patient population are listed in Table 1. Thrombolytic therapy was not instituted in patients presenting with advanced or irreversible acute limb ischemia manifesting as neuromuscular compromise (ie, category III ischemia according to the classification of Rutherford et al2) or in patients who had a clinical contraindication to thrombolysis. We collected the data in a retrospective fashion, through a combination of inpatient and outpatient medical chart review, examination of the pertinent arteriograms, and direct contact with the patient. Approval by the institutional review board was obtained. Information retrieved included age, composition (polytef [PTFE] vs autologous vein) and location of the graft, duration of thrombosis (determined by development of acute symptoms), and medical comorbidities. We also recorded the initial technical success and complication rate, presence and location of any underlying graft pathologic characteristics, integrity of native arterial runoff from the graft, and type (if any) of adjunctive procedures (percutaneous or surgical). Although all patients presenting to the interventional radiology service for thrombolysis of occluded grafts were entered in the database, only those who had successful restoration of antegrade flow through the graft were considered in the follow-up analysis. A positive thrombolytic outcome (PTO) was defined according to the criteria outlined by McNamara et al3 as a successful lysis of a previously occluded vascular segment, with restoration of flow (augmented by adjunctive percutaneous or surgical means) such that the presenting symptoms and signs of vascular occlusion were relieved for at least 30 days. Variables studied in the follow-up period included relief from symptoms related to vascular disease. This was defined as the absence of claudication, rest pain, and paresthesia, and/or the healing of ulceration and infection. When available, the results of noninvasive monitoring examinations were reviewed. Successful limb salvage was defined as the lack of need for a major amputation (below or above the knee), but not a minor amputation (toes, ray, or transmetatarsal), because only the former was thought to result in serious limitation of patient lifestyle.
Thrombolytic therapy was performed immediately subsequent to diagnostic arteriography in those patients without contraindications. This group included those who were at increased risk for urokinase or heparin-induced hemorrhage and those who had advanced grade III ischemia according to the criteria of the Society of Vascular Surgery and the International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery.2 After placement of a vascular sheath and negotiation of a guide wire into the occluded graft, a single-infusion catheter or coaxial system was used to deliver urokinase directly into the thrombus. In all cases, urokinase was the thrombolytic agent of choice. It was delivered through a multiside-hole infusion catheter(s) that was positioned directly into the occluded graft after initial diagnostic arteriography. Initial lacing of the thrombus was at the discretion of the individual radiologist. Infusion rates varied from 50 000 to 240 000 U/h. All patients received systemic heparin sodium during the infusion of the thrombolytic agent and were observed in a special surgical observation unit of the hospital until they returned to the angiography suite for follow-up arteriography and other percutaneous intervention (eg, angioplasty) if deemed appropriate.
Clinical follow-up, directed by the vascular surgeon (G.A.S.), consisted of routine scheduled office visits and noninvasive vascular examinations (eg, pulse volume recordings and duplex ultrasonography) to document graft patency or occlusion. Arteriography was not performed unless warranted by a change in the patient's symptoms, and additional therapeutic procedures were considered. Duration of follow-up ranged up to 4.4 years with a mean of 10.4 months.
We examined associations between categorical variables by constructing contingency tables. Statistical significance of the patterns was tested with the χ2 test. We examined duration of patency with Kaplan-Meier product-limit survival analysis. We tested statistical significance of survival differences between groups with the log-rank and Wilcoxon tests. All analyses were performed using JMP software (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC).
Immediate technical success, ie, the ability to lyse the thrombus and restore graft patency, occurred in 80 (88%) of the 91 grafts. The synthetic grafts composed of PTFE were more likely than autologous vein or composite grafts to respond to thrombolysis (98% [39/40] vs 78% [40/51] or 79%). Of the 80 grafts that underwent successful graft thrombolysis, the graft was abandoned and a new graft placed in 9 (11%) because of extensive intragraft disease (ie, neointimal hyperplasia) or distal native arterial disease thought likely to result in imminent graft reocclusion. The graft was abandoned in an additional 11 (14%) with no further attempt at revascularization because of inadequate distal arterial runoff or unavailability of suitable conduit material (autologous vein) with which to construct a new graft.
In 26 cases (29%, including those in which a technical success was not achieved), adjunctive transluminal angioplasty was performed, and in 20 (22%), no other interventions were performed. Angioplasty was used to dilate anastomotic, native arterial, or intragraft stenoses and was technically successful in 23 (88%) of 26 subjects. In this subgroup of patients, mean duration of patency was 10.6 months. An additional 31 subjects (34%) required some surgical procedure, including patch angioplasty, interposition graft, or jump graft to a more distal site in the lower extremity to salvage the recently lysed graft.
Positive thrombolytic outcome
A PTO was achieved in 53 (58%) of the 91 grafts. We found a lesser likelihood of a PTO in patients who were being treated for occlusion of a femoral-distal bypass graft (ie, a distal anastomosis inferior to the popliteal artery) (P = .001) and in those who did not have intact distal runoff (P = .04). Although we found a trend toward more recent graft occlusion relative to presentation resulting in a PTO (4.8 days in the PTO group vs 8.6 days in the non-PTO group), the difference was not statistically significant (P = .22). We also found no difference in the occurrence of a PTO with PTFE grafts compared with autologous vein grafts (P = .13). We analyzed those cases in which a PTO was achieved, and the 1- and 2-year secondary patency rates, without additional intervention, were 52% (21/40) and 24% (12/51), respectively. Patients who had a PTO were also more likely to have long-term improvement in symptoms related to limb ischemia (P = .002).
Secondary patency
Secondary patency was defined as documented patency (determined by results of physical examination or noninvasive vascular monitoring) from the time of thrombolysis until the end of the follow-up period. For those cases with a PTO, the mean length of patency was 387.3 days (SD, 42.4 days). Life-table analysis of these cases, which shows a 1-year patency rate of 47% (25 of 53 cases), is displayed in Figure 1. Significant differences were found in subsets of patients. For example, patients with intact peripheral runoff had a mean length of patency of 287.0 days (SD, 2.3 days) compared with 125.4 days (SD, 35.8 days) in those without at least 1 identified artery to the distal extremity (P = .003) (Figure 2). Femoral-popliteal grafts remained patent longer than femoral-distal grafts (mean, 290.5 vs 140.9 days [SD, 42.7 vs 44.9 days]) (P = .008) (Figure 3). Synthetic grafts remained patent longer than vein or composite grafts (mean, 274.0 vs 192.9 days [SD, 51.2 vs 39.3 days]) (P = .03) (Figure 4). Also, those patients who had adjunctive procedures performed at the time of thrombolysis (eg, angioplasty, surgical revision) had a greater duration of patency (mean, 406.7 vs 200.3 [SD, 57.6 vs 41.3 days]) (P = .003) (Figure 5).
Major limb amputation
In the follow-up period, 23 subjects (25% of grafts) required a below-knee or an above-knee amputation for end-stage ischemia of a limb. Initial failure of thrombolytic therapy, as defined by inability to achieve a PTO, was a predictor of early limb loss. Only 6 patients requiring amputation were in the group who had a PTO, compared with 17 who did not. This difference was statistically significant (P<.001). Also, those patients without intact runoff distal to the graft had a significantly higher rate of limb loss (P = .04). Type 1 diabetes mellitus was not a predictor of amputation in our study population.
Infrainguinal graft thrombosis is not an infrequent event. Because surgical bypass of occluded lower extremity arteries is one of the more frequent vascular surgery procedures, and combined surgical series indicate an approximately 70% 5-year patency rate for autologous vein grafts and a 40% to 50% 5-year patency rate for PTFE grafts, it is inevitable that a significant number of patients will present for some form of secondary reconstruction. Although thrombolytic therapy has been well described, its role remains somewhat controversial, in part because of the wide range of results reported. This may be related to the paucity of pure series in the literature of infrainguinal graft failures treated by means of thrombolysis. Our study reports a large series of infrainguinal grafts in a uniform group of patients and attempts to stratify subjects according to variables that may help predict a favorable outcome.
One factor that influenced a favorable long-term outcome was a relatively proximal anastomosis. Successful thrombolysis of femoral-popliteal grafts resulted in a longer duration of patency than in grafts that inserted distally onto a tibial or pedal vessel (P = .008). This is to be expected for several reasons. The first reason relates to the size of the conduit. Most grafts that insert distally were composed of autologous saphenous vein, usually in an in situ position. When neointimal hyperplasia occurs in the body of the autologous graft, as tends to happen,4 it can result in a greater loss of cross-sectional area in the distal, or narrower, part of the graft that predisposes to rethrombosis. However, we do not necessarily advocate abandoning these distal grafts when they present with their initial event of thrombosis. Rather, the role of thrombolysis is not to salvage all grafts, but to provide key anatomic information to the surgeon considering graft revision or a jump graft to a more distal site in the extremity. The benefit of thrombolytic therapy in treatment of the acute ischemic event is also helpful in preserving neuromuscular viability by opening thrombosed collateral vessels and restoring flow through the graft. The second reason that more distal grafts tend to do less well is that progressive atherosclerotic disease of the distal, especially pedal, arterial runoff (a common cause of graft failure) limits surgical options. There is often no viable vessel that may be used for a more distal anastomosis to preserve patency of the recently lysed primary graft. This results in a wait-and-see approach on the part of the vascular surgeon who will allow the graft to take its own course, intervening with surgery only when the patient's symptoms mandate more aggressive surgical management, such as amputation. Only 25% of our study population required a major amputation in the follow-up period, although the 1-year patency rate overall was only 47%. Obviously many patients will maintain viable, functional, and pain-free limbs, although their grafts have reoccluded.
One of the key determinants of achieving long-term clinical success in our patients was the ability to achieve a PTO. Our 58% PTO rate, which includes all patients treated with lytic therapy (whether or not an initial technical success was achieved) is slightly superior to that reported at 30 days in the multicenter trial for evaluating surgery vs thrombolysis for ischemia of the lower extremity,5 which had a 47% ischemia-free outcome in their patients undergoing bypass graft at 1 month. Potentially magnifying this difference is the uncertainty as to what proportion of patients in that trial had infrainguinal grafts. This factor must be taken into consideration, given the greater expected success rate in those with suprainguinal grafts. Significantly, 17 (45%) of the 38 subjects in whom a PTO did not occur required major limb amputation in their follow-up period. Thus, PTO may be a crude predictor of subsequent limb salvage.
In a series of 61 occluded infrainguinal grafts treated with thrombolysis, Berkowitz and Kee6 reported that graft age of less than 10 months resulted in a relative increase in reocclusion. We found no discriminating factor related to graft age in our series to predict outcome. A 45% 5-year patency rate for saphenous vein grafts in that series was found in the conduits older than 10 months. This finding compared favorably with a 23% 5-year patency rate for all grafts and a 21% 5-year patency rate for recently placed (<10 months) saphenous vein grafts. Our 23% 2-year patency rate achieved in patients with a PTO is substantially poorer. However, in that series,6 documentation of graft patency or occlusion was not described, which rendered their data potentially unreliable.
Our results are similar to those reported by Mewissen et al,7 who reported thrombolytic therapy to be an effective salvage technique for lower extremity bypass grafts. They described an initial technical success rate of 89% and a secondary patency rate at 36 months of 28%, which increased to 40% with graft revision. As in our series, these authors found that lack of a PTO (indicated as initial failure of thrombolytic therapy) and absence of continuous tibial runoff vessels were predictive of early limb loss. Ikeda et al8 found that the highest rate of limb salvage after thombolysis of occluded synthetic grafts occurred in patients with intact distal runoff. By comparison, our patient population fared somewhat better than that of Lacroix et al,9 who reported only a 19% patency rate and 64% limb salvage rate at 6 months after thrombolysis of 50 recently occluded grafts, most of which were infrainguinal.
We were unable to identify the diabetic subgroup of patients as those who responded less well to thrombolytic therapy. This finding contradicts the results of a study that examined the response to lytic therapy of a population of patients with arterial occlusions.10 Nackman et al11 also found that infrainguinal graft patency rates after thrombolysis were higher in the nondiabetic population. However, the cause for this discordance is uncertain.
Despite the poor 1-year graft patency rates after thrombolysis (47%), we point to the mean patency in those patients who had a secondary intervention at 13 months as evidence that thrombolytic therapy, as a part of the strategy in the management of infrainguinal graft occlusions, can result in success, especially if patients are carefully selected. Twenty of the 80 patients in whom the graft was successfully lysed required only a transcatheter angioplasty to maintain graft patency and limb salvage. Thirty-one additional patients required only a relatively minor surgical procedure (patch angioplasty, interposition, or jump graft) rather than placement of an entirely new graft. Thrombolysis was critical in depicting the distal native arterial anatomy and, often, the underlying cause of the graft thrombosis. This is a critical point when contemplating a secondary surgical revascularization. Furthermore, some patients will continue to maintain a viable, functional extremity long after a graft has reoccluded. Therefore, graft patency rates should be tempered by the more clinically relevant variables of limb salvage and quality of life. We maintain that thrombolysis will continue to play an important role in the management of infrainguinal graft thrombosis.
Our review, to our knowledge the largest to date of infrainguinal graft thrombolysis, supports the use of regional thrombolytic therapy as the initial treatment for acute lower extremity ischemia due to infrainguinal graft thrombosis, as we were reliably able to restore patency to the graft and improve clinical symptoms with low complication rates. We found several factors that were predictive of a better outcome, including patency of the runoff vessels, a more proximal graft location, and achievement of a PTO. Finally, despite the encouraging high technical success rate for regional thrombolysis, more than 40% had recurrence of their clinical symptoms within 30 days, and one quarter of patients required a major amputation during the follow-up period. This finding reflects the advanced state of disease in patients requiring treatment of thrombosed lower extremity grafts and the progressive nature of atherosclerotic disease. It also accentuates the need to continue looking for ways to identify which patients will receive long-term benefit from medical procedures that have become technically feasible even in patients with end-stage disease.
However, we believe that in the setting of acute thrombosis of an infrainguinal graft, thrombolysis is effective in reestablishing vascular integrity and provides important information regarding the underlying cause of the thrombotic event. This is particularly important in the patient with a saphenous vein graft, which may be salvaged, avoiding the need to place a new conduit.
Corresponding author and reprints: Darryl A. Zuckerman, MD, Department of Radiology, University Hospital, PO Box 670671, Cincinnati, OH 45267-0761 (e-mail: ZuckerDA@healthall.com).
Accepted for publication September 15, 2002.
This study was supported by an unrestricted grant from Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, Ill.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: SQL link columns between tables where neither column is UNIQUE I've started learning SQL to be able to collect data on a production flow as our current method (excel spreadsheet) is outliving it's usefulness.
I'm using SQlite3 to make the database, but I'm running into an issue where I'm trying to create relations between columns of separate tables, but neither column in the relation stores unique values.
For example:
CREATE TABLE process1 (
    Product1ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    StartDate TEXT,
    EndDate TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE process2 (
    Product2ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    StartDate TEXT,
    EndDate TEXT
);

As soon as a product has finished process1, it enters process2, so I wanted to constrain any values in process2(StartDate) to be dates already found in process1(EndDate).
But multiple products can start and end process1 (and process2) on the same date, so none of the Date columns in either table contain UNIQUE values, which I understand is a requirement of the Parent Key for Foreign Key constraints.
Is there a way to constrain one column of a table so that all values must already exist in another table's column without either column holding unique values?

A: CREATE TABLE products(
    ProductID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    ProductName TEXT
);

CREATE TABLE process1 (
    process1ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    ProductID integer,
    StartDate TEXT,
    EndDate TEXT,
  CONSTRAINT process1_productid_fkey FOREIGN KEY (productid)
      REFERENCES products (productid) MATCH SIMPLE
      ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
);

CREATE TABLE process2 (
    process2ID INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,
    ProductID integer,
    StartDate TEXT,
    EndDate TEXT,
  CONSTRAINT process1_productid_fkey FOREIGN KEY (productid)
      REFERENCES products (productid) MATCH SIMPLE
      ON UPDATE NO ACTION ON DELETE NO ACTION
);

then you can select with a join like this.
 Select * from products p
 LEFT JOIN process1 p1 on p1.ProductID = p.ProductID
 LEFT JOIN process2 p2 on p2.ProductID = p.ProductID

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Home Criminal Defense California Rialto
Rialto, California Criminal Lawyers
Earl Franklin Carter
Fontana, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 44 years experience
(800) 500-5342	17715 Arrow Blvd. Suite B
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Juvenile
Arizona State Univ COL
Earl Carter has been aggressively representing clients charged with crimes in California including and especially DUI Since 1975. Earl Carter and his team of exceptional criminal defense attorneys strive to provide high quality representation at an affordable fee.
Stephen Paul Levine
Redlands, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 42 years experience
(909) 798-3300	1447 Ford Street
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and White Collar Crime
Western State University College of Law
I am a Certified Specialist in criminal law by the State Bar of California Board of Legal Specialization and a Member of the American Legal Specialists as well. I have been practicing in the Inland Empire for 40 years in Criminal Defense, Family Law and Personal Injury matters. I've spent many years in Private Practice and joined Milligan, Beswick, Levine & Knox, one of the most well known firms in the Inland Empire, in 2007.
Bobby Shamuilian
Rancho Cucamonga, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 7 years experience
(909) 340-2000	9121 Haven Ave Ste 120
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and White Collar Crime
Attorney Bobby Shamuilian is a diligent and aggressive advocate for his clients. His passion is applied to every single case and he works tirelessly to meet the legal objectives of his clients. Bobby is an attorney that you can trust, an attorney that has the knowledge and experience which can help you in your legal matter.
Bobby was raised in Southern California and completed his undergraduate education at the California State Polytechnic University Pomona in finance, real estate, and law. He received his Juris Doctorate from the University of La Verne College of Law finishing at the top of his class...
Shaffer T. Cormell
San Bernardino, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 28 years experience
(888) 922-5051	255 N D,
Suite #401 - H
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and Traffic Tickets
Simon Greenleaf School of Law - Trinity University Law School
Attorney Shaffer Cormell is a Top Rated DUI/DWI Criminal Defense Attoney in California. He has been representing individuals charged with criminal offenses for over 28 years. You can check out this "Top Rated" California Criminal Defense Lawyer's reviews at www.avvo.com, Yelp and Google. When you are looking for the Best Criminal Defense Attorney, Contact the Law Offices of Shaffer Cormell.
James Lawrence Knox
(909) 894-0812	255 North "D" Street
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
McGeorge School of Law Univ of the Pacific
James Lawrence Knox is a partner at Milligan, Beswick, Levine & Knox, LLP. For almost two decades, Mr. Knox has been providing aggressive legal representation to clients facing criminal charges, as well as individuals involved in family law issues or facing administrative law proceedings. Mr. Knox, along with the other members of our legal team, is firmly committed to putting the needs of clients first and has a long and distinguished track record to show that he is a skillful litigator and knowledgeable legal professional.
Whether you are getting divorced, have been charged with a crime, received a traffic citation, or...
Sarah Elizabeth Powell
Victorville, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 14 years experience
(909) 771-2304	15437 Anacapa Road
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense and Personal Injury
Sarah E. Powell, Esq., is a founding partner of Bullard & Powell. Her practice areas are focused on criminal defense and plaintiff personal injury matters. Her goal is to help those that have been criminally charged with a crime or who have been injured by another's negligence or intentional misconduct, navigate what can be a complicated legal system. To that end, she incorporates the values of hard work, passion and the philosophy of never giving up to everything she does. Prior to founding Bullard & Powell, Ms. Powell worked as Senior Associate Attorney with a large law firm handling...
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Hong K. Lyu
(909) 383-1867	505 N. Arrowhead Ave. Suite 105
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI and Family
As an associate attorney at Wallin & Klarich, I constantly use my knowledge of the law and rigorous approach to help our clients in their time of legal need. Clients know their case is in good hands with me because I constantly communicate with them throughout the legal process to create a strategy that is in their best interest. I have represented our clients in all aspects of family law, including divorce, child visitation, child and spousal support, division of property and child custody. He has also successfully defended our clients against both misdemeanor and felony charges.
Paul Jeffrey Wallin
San Bernardino, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 42 years experience
(877) 466-5245	505 N. Arrowhead Avenue
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Appeals, DUI & DWI and Divorce
For over 35 years, I have been successfully representing clients facing criminal charges or dealing with family law matters. As the Senior Partner of Wallin & Klarich, A Law Corporation, I work hard to ensure our clients are represented with respect and professionalism. When you hire our firm, you place your trust in a team of attorneys and legal professionals, whose only goal is to obtain the best result possible in your case. You are not alone. We will get through this together.
Ronald Freeman
San Bernardino, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer
(951) 525-5610	473 E Carnegie Dr #200
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Traffic Tickets and White Collar Crime
California Southern Law School
At the Law Office of Ronald L. Freeman in San Bernardino, California, my firm focuses on three areas of the law: criminal defense, family law and immigration. I am dedicated and strongly committed to protecting the rights of Southern Californians in Orange, Riverside, San Bernardo and San Diego counties and throughout the Inland Empire.
I firmly believe that each of my clients deserves my respect, understanding, compassion and personal attention. Consequently, starting with each client's free initial consultation, I listen to my clients, give them knowledgeable advice so they can make informed choices about their options, and work with them to...
Armen Kiramijyan
(844) 522-7752	570 W 4th St Ste 300
Criminal Defense, Business, Personal Injury and Trademarks
Armen Kiramijyan graduated from USC Dornsife College (formerly Letters, Arts & Sciences) in 2007 with a accelerated B.A. and M.A. in Economics. After graduation he worked as a Money Management Portfolio Administrator for Western Asset, a principal subsidiary of Legg Mason, an American-based global investment management firm. Later he worked as a Accountant for Caruso Affiliated, one of the largest, privately held real estate companies in the United States. Armen graduated from California Western School of Law, San Diego in 2010 with an accelerated J.D. As an attorney, he primarily practices business litigation and consulting at KAASS LAW, a well...
Jeffrey Scott Bullard
Criminal Defense and DUI & DWI
Jeffrey S. Bullard, Esq., is a founding partner at Bullard & Powell. His primary practice area is Criminal Defense, DUI Defense, and DMV Administrative Hearings. Mr. Bullard has been practicing exclusively in these areas since 2004 and has handled thousands of cases in that time.
Mr. Bullard's primary goal is to achieve the best possible results for each case while providing the best service to each client. Each client is provided personalized service and advice based upon the specific needs of the client. His objective is to give each client the same service he would provide his own family and the...
Stephen D. Klarich
Criminal Defense, Appeals, DUI & DWI and White Collar Crime
Western State College of Law at Argosy University
For over thirty years, I have been handling criminal cases and matters involving sex offenses. As a Partner of Wallin & Klarich, A Law Corporation, I protect my clients' rights with an unparalleled knowledge of sex crimes defense. In addition, I have experienced significant success in obtaining a Certificate of Rehabilitation or Governor's Pardon for my clients.
Sean Andrew O'Connor
(800) 500-5342	323 W Court St Ste 301
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and Juvenile
Univ of LaVerne COL
Sean O'Connor has practiced criminal law for over sixteen years in both San Bernardino and Riverside Counties. Mr. O'Connor has devoted the majority of his practice to criminal defense litigation for all courthouses within the Inland Empire. Mr. O'Connor has litigated hundreds of serious and complex felony and misdemeanor criminal cases including murder, robbery, sex crimes, narcotics, three strikes law, white collar crime, and theft related offenses. He has aggressively defended and successfully represented numerous clients at trial proceedings, including numerous murder trials, as well as at other proceedings, including preliminary hearings, probation violations, sentencing and criminal law and motion...
Michael Scafiddi
(909) 381-1000	432 N Arrowhead Ave
Criminal Defense and Personal Injury
University of Southern California Gould School of Law and University of Southern California Gould School of Law
Robert Francisco Alvarenga
(909) 890-5770	164 W Hospitality Ln
Loyola Univ School of Law
Patrick John Silva
Western State Univ COL
Marjorie Barrios
(909) 885-0030	555 N D St
Criminal Defense, Business, Civil Rights and DUI & DWI
Gary W. Smith
Jeffrey Robert Lawrence
(909) 387-8373	364 N Mountain View Ave
Univ of San Diego School of Law
Robert Louis Miller
Rancho Cucamonga, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 24 years experience
(877) 568-2977	3350 Shelby Street
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Estate Planning and Personal Injury
Attorney Robert Miller has a 10.0 Avvo rating, and has been designated a "Client's Choice DUI Attorney."
He was named by clients as a top Orange County DUI Lawyer on Yelp, receiving Yelp's highest rating award, based on reviews.
Mr. Miller has 23 years practicing law in Orange County, including at other criminal defense and DUI firms and practices with his own firm.
Robert Miller has been the author or co-author of three books on DUI defense and has appeared on television and radio as a legal commentator.
He has successfully handled thousands of cases and has many positive...
Eric J Youngquist
(909) 472-9112	7211 Haven Avenue E225
With approximately 20 years of former Law Enforcement and over 12 years practicing Criminal Defense in California, I possess a unique approach to obtaining positive results for my clientele. Having been born and raised in the local area, educated, and practiced law here, have given me excellent background information to dispense.
Rancho Cucamonga , CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 14 years experience
(909) 483-2814	3200 Guasti Rd
Rancho Cucamonga , CA 91761
Criminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and White Collar Crime
Ventura COL
John Murray has amassed a string of case dismissals, not guilty verdicts and "D.A. rejects" in cases ranging from misdemeanor DUI to very serious felonies. He works closely with his clients, and his carefully chosen private investigators and experts, to build the strongest defense in each case.
The National Trial Lawyers Association has awarded John as one of the "100 Best" criminal defense attorneys. The National Advocacy for DUI Defense placed him on their list of the nation's top DUI lawyers. And the American Institute of Criminal Law Attorneys has honored him as one of the 10 best...
Antonio Arturo Cota
Riverside, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 17 years experience
(949) 375-4734	11801 Pierce St
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Cannabis Law and DUI & DWI
Antonio A. Cota has been in private criminal defense practice in Southern California since 2003. Since that time, he has successfully represented hundreds of people accused of drug and alcohol related offenses including medical marijuana dispensary related cases and DUI allegations.
Mr. Cota earned his Bachelor of Arts degree in philosophy. Eventually, after discovering how hard it is to earn a living as a philosopher, he won a scholarship for law school at Western State University College of Law in Fullerton, California. During law school, he worked as an intern at the Orange County District Attorney's office. Afterward, he focused on...
Daniel Jai Tripathi
Riverside, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 13 years experience
(877) 422-5297	4192 Brockton Avenue, Suite 100
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Domestic Violence and Landlord Tenant
Versatile trial attorney offering a solid track record of litigation success and experience in various facets of the law. Motivated and articulate professional who thrives in courtroom settings, excels at client rapport, discovery and deposition. Exceptional skill in drafting, reviewing, and analyzing pleadings, motions, responses to summary judgments, opinions, briefs and other legal documents. Recognized as leading defense attorney in Southern California, particularly skilled at "connecting" with and building rapport with jurors, resulting in positive verdicts in vast majority of nearly 20 jury trials, and hundreds of misdemeanor cases. Reputation as a "no nonsense" attorney and aggressive litigator among the...
Crista Marie Haynes
Redlands, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 8 years experience
(833) 526-5197	631 West State Street
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Divorce and Family
Crista is the Managing Partner of The Haynes Law Firm, APLC located in Redlands, CA. The Haynes Law Firm, APLC is a boutique law firm offering clients legal assistance in the areas of Family law, Criminal law, and Juvenile law. Crista prides herself on offering empathetic, educated, and experienced legal services at affordable rates. Crista is a proud member of the Board of Advisors for the University of Laverne, College of Law, where she attended law school, she is a proud member of the Board of Directors of the Social Justice Advocacy Project, she volunteers her time...
Stephen B Mashney
(800) 555-6655	12321 Magnolia Ave, Suite D
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Personal Injury and Workers' Comp
San Francisco Law School
Born on the 4th of July, Stephen Mashney has independence in his genes! Since childhood, he confronted bullies & fought his way from elementary school till today. Stephen will not look the other way when he sees injustice. He will fight for the underdog & win. Stephen has compassion for & respect to others including animals. As a child, Stephen adopted countless stray cats & dogs & he would not hurt a fly today.
In 1978, Mr. Mashney received his Bachelor of Pharmacy degree from Cairo University, Egypt & worked as a pharmacist in Ramallah. In 1979, he immigrated...
Raul Coretana Sabado
Claremont, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 15 years experience
(909) 626-2003	678 S. Indian Hill Blvd., #210
Professor Raul Sabado has been practicing and teaching law since 2004. After a couple of years in private practice and seven years as a successful trial lawyer in the Los Angeles County Public Defender's Office, he founded his own private offices. The service area includes Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, and Orange counties.
Arturo Angel Burga
Rancho Cucamonga, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 8 years experience
(909) 538-8320	8331 Utica Ave
Criminal Defense, Immigration and Personal Injury
Arturo is the founder and owner of Burga Law Firm PC. Arturo has over ten years of experience in the legal field.
Arturo is a member of various organizations. He is involved with American Immigration Lawyers Association (AILA), Los Angeles County Bar Association (LACBA), Western San Bernardino County Bar Association (WSBCBA), and J Reuben & Clark Law Society (JRCLS). In addition, he has volunteered his time with Harriet Buhai Center for Family Law, Dream Team LA, Community Law Day events at Chaffey College, and others.
The experience that Attorney Arturo has gained puts him at an advantage over other...
Graham Douglas Donath
(951) 667-5293	4229 Main St. Ste 1
University of California Hastings College of the Law
Dedicated exclusively to the defense of those who have been criminally accused throughout Southern California. Attorney Graham D. Donath is an award winning criminal defense attorney who personally sees that his clients get the very best in each and every one of their matters. Mr. Donath is a Certified Specialist in Criminal Law by the California State Bar Board of Legal Specialization, and has successfully defended clients in all types of criminal matters ranging from first time DUI all the way up to capital murder and everything in between.
(714) 721-4423	9431 Haven Avenue
Ste., #100
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense and DUI & DWI
Chapman Univ School of Law
Richard Wagner began his legal career in 1998 as a criminal DUI prosecutor in Los Angeles. While a Deputy City Attorney for Los Angeles, Richard Wagner prosecuted thousands of criminal cases, including DUI, drunk driving, domestic violence, assault and battery, and firearms cases in downtown LA. Since 2002, Richard Wagner has been a DUI Criminal Defense attorney in private practice. In 2006, he presented a lecture, "What to Do If You Are Arrested for Drunk Driving" at Whittier Law School. In addition to giving lectures, Richard Wagner, ESQ. has shown his dedication to the profession of DUI defense by...
Marc Elliot Grossman
Upland, CA Criminal Defense Lawyer with 21 years experience
(909) 608-7426	100 N Euclid Ave
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Bankruptcy and Business
Grossman studied at the University of California at Los Angeles (1984-1987) matriculating in psychology and business and the University of California at Santa Cruz (1988-1990) attaining a Bachelor of Arts degree in Philosophy. During law school, Grossman worked as a substitute high school teacher and as a vest-pocket coin dealer. Grossman attained a Juris Doctor degree from the University of La Verne College of Law in 1998 and was admitted to the California State Bar in November, 1998.
Joseph Torri
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Divorce, Domestic Violence and Family
Joseph Torri is on the Riverside Superior Court's - Family Law Minor's Counsel List of Approved Attorneys. Judges sitting in California family law courtrooms may appoint private counsel to represent children in high-conflict child custody cases. Also, Mr. Torri is a volunteer mediator at the Los Angeles Superior Court Southeast Judicial District in Norwalk, California. Joseph Torri received his undergraduate degree from California State University, Fullerton, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts in Criminal Justice with a minor in Speech Communication. While at undergraduate college, Mr. Torri was on the speech and debate team, as well as, President...
Houman Fakhimi
Rancho Cucamonga, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 22 years experience
(888) 529-2188	9431 Haven Ave
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Civil Rights, DUI & DWI and Employment
Whittier Law School
Houman Fakhimi, the founding partner of the Criminal Defense Team, has amassed deep expertise in the area of criminal defense law thanks to years of experience. He oversees all litigation carried out by the firm, and he has demonstrated mastery in a variety of relevant legal domains. He's an alumnus of the University of California, Irvine and Whittier Law School. In addition to being an active member of the State Bar of Californias Criminal Section, Mr. Fakhimi also boasts accreditations from he Association of Federal Defense Attorneys, the California Attorneys for Criminal Justice, and the California Public Defenders Association.
Ambrosio E. Rodriguez
(951) 318-1030	3393 14th Street, Suite 100
Georgetown Univ Law Ctr
Ambrosio E. Rodriguez is a criminal defense attorney with over 20 years of experience.
Prior to becoming a criminal lawyer, Ambrosio served as a prosecutor for 13 years. During his time as a prosecutor, he led the sex crimes unit and tried death penalty cases.
If you have been charged with a crime, call The Rodriguez Law Group for a free consultation.
Matthew Murillo
Redlands, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 10 years experience
(866) 246-1651	1255 West Colton Avenue, Suite 101
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, DUI & DWI, Estate Planning and Traffic Tickets
Attorney Matthew Murillo is quickly rising among the ranks of California Attorneys in Business, Criminal Defense, DUI Defense and Estate Planning and was recently nominated as one of California's Top 100 Trial Lawyers in the area of Criminal Defense. Admitted to the State Bar of California in 2009, Matt has been deeply involved in creating the type of law firm he believes will best serve California Residents. Founding the Law Offices of Matthew Murillo in April 2010, Matt has been diligent in his efforts to provide only the best service – treating every client like his own family....
Damian J. Nassiri
Free ConsultationCannabis Law and Employment
Damian J. Nassiri practice focuses on employment law and medical marijuana collectives. His employment practice includes representing employees in wage & hour, overtime, wrongful termination, discrimination and sexual harassment cases. His practice also includes representing medical marijuana collectives and criminal defense in drug related cases.
Gregory H. Comings
(951) 686-3457	3850 Vine St
Gregory H. Comings is a Riverside criminal defense attorney who practices in areas throughout Southern California, including San Bernardino, Orange County, and Riverside. Mr. Comings attended Cal Poly Pomona for his undergraduate studies and majored in Business. He then went on to obtain his law degree from the California Southern Law School. Now, Mr. Comings is an active member of the National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, as well as the Riverside Bar Association, the Orange County Bar Association, and the San Bernardino Bar Association. In 2008, the attorney received an AV Preeminent® Rating™ from Martindale-Hubbell® and he was rated...
Daniel A. Gibalevich
#200 Riverside
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Employment and Personal Injury
Dag Law Firm provides representation for victims of personal injury accidents. Daniel offers a free consultation for anyone that has experienced an injury or know some one that has. The DAG Law Firm has experience with all types of personal injury claims. We provide comprehensive legal services to help clients obtain the maximum compensation possible for their particular case. A look at some of the verdicts and settlements we have obtained in the past will assure you that we can obtain the best possible outcome in your particular case. We can also assist you with personal injury claims in...
(949) 335-5433	9431 Haven Ave.
The Law Offices of Ryan Rodriguez is a boutique criminal defense law firm that is dedicated to providing effective legal representation for clients located throughout the Orange County and Los Angeles County areas. We defend clients who have been charged with a variety of felony and misdemeanor crimes, including DUI – Driving Under the Influence, Drug Crimes, DMV Hearings, Weapons Crimes, Theft, Fraud, Assault and Battery, Murder, and more...
If you have recently been arrested or know someone that has been arrested, you are most likely extremely scared, confused, and worried about the road that lies ahead. We...
Michael W. Donaldson
Riverside, CA Criminal Defense Attorney with 5 years experience
(951) 788-2230	5053 La Mart Drive, Suite 201
Riverside, CA 925097
Free ConsultationCriminal Defense, Appeals, DUI & DWI and Domestic Violence
Mike is an attorney with Bartell, Hensel & Gressley. BH&G is the premier DUI and criminal defense firm in Riverside County. We are the authors of the leading DUI defense practice and lecture across the country on DUI and criminal defense strategies.
Criminal Defense Attorneys in Nearby Cities
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The OneCLE Lawyer Directory contains lawyers who have claimed their profiles and are actively seeking clients. Find more Rialto, California Criminal Lawyers in the Justia Legal Services and Lawyers Directory which includes profiles of more than one million lawyers licensed to practice in the United States, in addition to profiles of legal aid, pro bono and legal service organizations.


text:
Q: Dynamically bind URL params for $http service in AngularJS How can I dynamically populate placeholders defined in URL string that is used for HTTP requests by AngularJS $http service?
var urls = {
    GET_USER: '/api/v1/group/{groupId}/user/{userId}',
    GET_USER_POSTS: '/api/v1/group/{groupId}/user/{userId}/posts',
    GET_USER_POST: '/api/v1/group/{groupId}/user/{userId}/post/{postId}'
};

function getUser(groupId, userId) {
    var url = urls.GET_USER; // build URL with passed params somehow
    return $http.get(url);
}

A: Generic function that accepts first argument as URL with placeholders and builds URL string with passed params
function buildUrl(url) {
    if (arguments.length > 1) {
        var args = arguments, i = 1;
        return url.replace(/{\w+?}/g, function () {
            return args[i++];
        });
    }
    return url;
}

Usage:
var url = buildUrl(urls.GET_USER, groupId, userId);


The eighth-gen Toyota Camry is now official in India. Toyota Kirloskar Motor has listed the all-new Camry on the Indian website and released its first teaser. According to a report from Autocar India, the company will launch the all-new model on 18 January 2019.
The all-new Toyota Camry Hybrid will compete with the VW Passat, Honda Accord Hybrid and Skoda Superb in India.
The eighth generation Camry measures 4,885 mm in length, 1,840 mm in width and 1,445 mm in height. It has a 2,825 mm wheelbase. There's only one version on sale globally this time, although customers select between contrasting personalities. In India, we expect the 'elegantly designed' exterior seen in these images with a distinctive lower grille – a single, large intake with horizontal bars.
The latest Camry is available in multiple configurations internationally. In Thailand, options include the 6AR-FBS 2.0-litre petrol engine (167 PS/199 Nm) or the A25A-FKB 2.5-litre petrol engine (209 PS/250 Nm), with an 8-speed automatic transmission.
The range includes a Hybrid variant which combines the A25A-FXS 2.5-litre petrol engine (178 PS/221 Nm) and the 3NM electric motor (120 PS/202 Nm). The maximum net output is 211 PS. An E-CVT sends the drive to the wheels. Toyota Kirloskar Motor has decided to offer only this variant.
Noteworthy features of the all-new Toyota Camry will likely include LED headlamps with LED DRLs, 18-inch alloy wheels, LED fog lamps, LED rear combination lamps, head-up display, 7-inch MID, triple-zone climate control, capacitive rear touch controller for comfort and multimedia functions, and nine airbags.
Toyota Kirloskar Motor will launch the all-new Camry in India in only the Hybrid variant.
India will receive the all-new Toyota Camry in the CKD form from Thailand, with the assembly in Bidadi (Karnataka). Prices may start at around INR 35 lakh (ex-showroom).


For the next match I get Martin, a very friendly guy who is also the tournament organizer. I had played a game against him yesterday, so I knew this was going to be rough - he was obviously a lot more experienced than me. Fortunately I had a couple of practice game against Smoke, so at least I had some idea about what Smoke can do.
The draft gave a fairly different list, though, clearly more punchy than Stig's standoff tech.
I screwed up terribly by moving Tapper in early on a charge. I had figured out that the key here is to get Tapper in a position so he threatens at least two players on the next turn, without over-extending. I forget that you can ignore rough ground by paying 1 momentum, this allows Decimate to reach me, building a lot of momentum and bringing Tapper down to 9 health.
Mist moves last, so that she can copy and move templates without me being able to react.
Alchemists win the initiative. Tapper is obviously dead so I allocate nothing to him.
Tapper gets taken out in the first activation. I have probably lost, but it's not over until it is over, maybe there is a way to salvage the situation.
There isn't, at least I cannot find it. Scum, Stoker and Hemlocke all go down. 7-0 to the Alchemists.
I take out Mercury and Smoke, going to 7-3.
Scum, Spigot and Tapper are taken out. 12-3 to the Alchemists!
Losing Tapper like that was just stupid. Lesson: Don't do stupid things again and again. Also, remember to heal my models, I had little chance of winning initiative so I should have spent it all on healing.
Another point is to allocate to force activations, I often see a model that is allocated nothing as a player I don't need to even consider, Tapper on nothing can be ignored. Tapper on even 2 means you need to activate models to take him out now. Wait and you'll have two people on their bums and costing the opponent at least a momentum to stand them up. In the case of Katalyst it also means removing his fire state as that comes online at the end and start of the turn, not during the turn at any point. The only way to rekindle him is then Mercury for 2 inf as the other option, Harry, isn't on the table.
Anyhow, good game and it'll be fun to see the dirty tricks you bring back! Congrats on your 3rd place!


Dog smells can sometimes be difficult to get rid of. Here are our best tips for dealing with dog odors once and for all! Plus cleaning tips to remove dog stains from dog urine, muddy paws, dog vomit, and more.
You say to-MA-toe, I say to-maaa-toe.You say Mardi Gras, puppy says Muddi Gras!… Here are some funny pictures of dogs celebrating Mardi Gras– I mean Muddi Gras — by getting dirty & playing in the mud.


The concept of a wandering set formalizes a certain idea of movement and mixing in such systems. When a dynamical system has a wandering set of non-zero measure, then the system is a dissipative system. This is very much the opposite of a conservative system, for which the ideas of the Poincaré recurrence theorem apply. Intuitively, the connection between wandering sets and dissipation is easily understood: if a portion of the phase space "wanders away" during normal time-evolution of the system, and is never visited again, then the system is dissipative. The language of wandering sets can be used to give a precise, mathematical definition to the concept of a dissipative system. The notion of wandering sets in phase space was introduced by George David Birkhoff in 1927.


Diversity Circus | Academic Entertainment, Inc.
Circus-themed, elementary character education school assembly teaching we are all different and we are all the same!
It's not just a highly engaging circus themed school show! And, it's not a normal character education school assembly. While most character ed assemblies focus only on defining character traits and explaining how to use those traits, Diversity Circus goes much deeper. This powerful and proven-effective character assembly will teach your students that every person belongs.
"Be Fair, Be Aware, Include others, and use Respect" are the four lessons students will learn during the Diversity Circus character education school assembly. This proven-effective elementary character education program also covers Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s character message, Cultural Diversity, Diversity in the Classroom, Being Fair, and more. It's a perfect program to honor the MLK Holiday, Black History Month, and to support your school's PBIS program and anti-bullying efforts.
The Diversity Circus character school show uses TONS of audience participation, hilarious comedy, kooky characters, costumes, incredible one-of-a-kind magical illusions, and non-stop hysterical action to engage students and to keep kids talking long after the show is over.
A lion, a mouse, and a giant chicken help teach the diversity lessons taught by Smudgy the Clown as well as the ringmaster's assistant sidekick. Your students will identify with and relate to Smudgy as the comic relief during this wacky four-act circus assembly show. One of your students will become the World's Strongest Student, another student will be made half-way invisible. And two more students will magically change and transform into each other while dressed up and acting on stage. Your entire school will be laughing so much, your students won't even realize they're learning!
Doug Scheer is the presenter and creator of the Diversity Circus School Assembly, as well as two other phenomenally popular Character Education Assemblies titled Mystery of the Character Surprise and Les Trouble PI.
At the age of three years old, Doug's son was diagnosed with Autism. As their family life took a dramatic left turn, Doug focused on making acceptance a primary lesson into one of his circus school assembly programs. Thus, the Diversity Circus character education school show was born.
Though he doesn't share this story as a part of his programs, Doug created the Diversity Circus character education assembly program as part of his personal passion for spreading to the world the message of acceptance, as well as an understanding of everyone. Not just for his son, but for all students who are judged as different.
Assembly Requirements: Nearby electrical outlet or extension cord. Depending on your location, you may be asked to provide a PA system with RCA-jack input.
Circus-themed character assembly teaching we're all different and all the same!
It's not just an engaging circus themed school show! And, it's not a normal character education assembly. While most focus only on defining character traits and explaining how to use those traits, Diversity Circus goes much deeper. It's a powerful character show that teaches students everyone belongs.
A proven-effective elementary character education program.
"Be Fair, Be Aware, Include others, and use Respect" are the four lessons students will learn during Diversity Circus. This proven-effective elementary character education program also covers: Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s character message, Cultural Diversity, Diversity in the Classroom, Being Fair, and more. It's perfect to honor the MLK Holiday, Black History Month, and to support your PBIS and anti-bullying programs.
Tons of audience participation, comedy, magic, and non-stop action keeps students engaged.
A lion, a mouse, and a giant chicken help teach the lessons led by Smudgy the Clown and her ringmaster sidekick. Your students will identify with Smudgy as the comic relief during this wacky four-act circus show. One student will become the World's Strongest Kid, another will become partially invisible. And two more will transform into one another while dressed up as a mouse and lion. Your entire school will be laughing so much, your students won't even realize they're learning!
A group of leading teachers and principals would not be able to come up with a diversity school assembly as amazing as this. It's perfect!
We LOVE Diversity Circus! We appreciate how Doug adjusts the program for our early childhood population of ages 4-6. We highly reccommend Diversity Circus for elementary schools through grade 6!
Every student and every teacher was completely engaged. I was so caught up, i lost track of the time! Diversity Circus is one of the best character education shows we have seen at our school. Actually, it's one of the BEST school assemblies we have seen, period!
Diversity Circus will be a certain success at your school! Doug's presentations are always a sure thing! My students love his enthralling and funny entertainment. My teachers love him for his hilarious and positive engagement and interactions with our students. Your school will love him for his fantastic character education messages and his professionalism. We bring him every year to our school for a different program (all of his programs are outstanding!), and every year my students are even more amazed!


text:
The Federation of Metalworkers and Miners (, FM) was a trade union representing workers in the mining and metalworking industries in Spain.

The union was founded in 1993, when the Federation of Metal merged with the National Federation of Mining.  Like both its predecessors, it affiliated to the Workers' Commissions (CCOO).  It was the largest affiliate of CCOO, and in 1994 it had 124,020 members.  In 1998, it absorbed the Federation of Energy, and in 2009 the union was renamed as the Federation of Industry.  In 2014, it merged with the Federation of Textile, Leather, Chemical and Allied Industries, to form a new Federation of Industry.

General Secretaries
1993: Ignacio Fernández Toxo
2009: Felipe López Alonso
2013: Agustín Martín Martinez

References

Metal trade unions
Mining trade unions
Trade unions established in 1993
Trade unions disestablished in 2014
Trade unions in Spain

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Das Wohnhaus Kaiserstraße 159 steht in Mönchengladbach (Nordrhein-Westfalen).

Das Gebäude wurde Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts erbaut. Es wurde unter Nr. K 015  am 4. Dezember 1984 in die Denkmalliste der Stadt Mönchengladbach eingetragen.

Architektur

Das Gebäude aus dem Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts liegt in einer Baugruppe der Kaiserstraße zwischen der Lessingstraße und der Eickener Straße in einer ebenfalls intakten Baugruppe des Historismus.

Das dreigeschossige Vier-Fenster-Wohnhaus enthält ein als Mezzaningeschoss ausgebautes Dachgeschoss. Die Geschosse sind durch waagerecht angeordnete Gesimsbildung getrennt.

Siehe auch
 Liste der Baudenkmäler in Mönchengladbach

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

Wohngebäude in Mönchengladbach
Baudenkmal in Mönchengladbach
Erbaut im 19. Jahrhundert


Brittany Patten excitedly joined the ImagineX sales team in June 2017. After graduating from George Mason University in 2012, Brittany jumped headfirst into a Business Operations role for a small federal BD firm in Ashburn, VA. With a solid understanding of federal contracting and a hunger for growth, she transitioned into an Account Management role with Kforce Federal, responsible for helping a number of large integrators fill critical IT roles and forming winning teaming and partnership agreements. In 2015, Brittany made the switch from federal to commercial, joining the sales team at small consulting firm, and filling the funnel with a variety of fortune 500 clients. Her passion for the hunting and farming associated with finding new business and growing existing relationships eventually led her to seek a new & challenging role with ImagineX. Brittany is responsible for the oversight and management of all Business Development & Marketing activities for our team. Brittany spends her time (outside of chasing down leads) organizing, exercising and basking in the sunshine. A newlywed, she lives in Ashburn, VA with her husband Jake, and their German Shepherd, Stella. They are welcoming their first child in September!
How can women better enable each other instead of competing? What needs to change in your opinion? This is a question that's been weighing heavy on my mind for some time now. I think we need to accept that envy is a very natural part of life. I am envious of so many people for so many different things… may they be tangible items, personality traits, career successes, physical appearance, you name it. What needs to change? We need to make a conscious effort to accept that we can't be the best at everything, but we are still valuable. Instead of trying to dull someone else's sparkle, add yours to theirs and shine even brighter. What advice would you give to young women who want to join the Technology and Consulting workforce? My advice would be to go to school for Computer Science or Cyber Security. Having worked in both private & public sector consulting…this IS the future of technology jobs. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the rate of growth for jobs in information security is projected at 37% from 2012–2022. Also, while you're in college, GO TO CLASS. What advice would you give women struggling in a male dominated industry? Do your best. No one can ever make you feel inadequate if you have truly done the best you can. Have your own career goals and find a company, or start your own, that falls in line with helping you to achieve them. Male or female, the choice to struggle or succeed is a personal one. What advice would you give your 20-year-old self? Don't try to figure it all out…you never will, so why waste time on worry?


text:
Ukrainian Soldiers drive a T-72 tank on the outskirts of Bakhmut. AFP/GETTY IMAGES
Morocco will become the first African nation to offer military support to Ukraine with the sale of T-72 tanks.
Under the deal, the United States and Netherlands will buy 90 T-72B main battle tanks from Morocco with an option to add 30 tanksto the sale in 2023, according to Nigerian news website moneycentral.com.ng.
The tanks will be sent to Ukraine after they are modernized by Czechoslovakian company Excalibur Army. More than 20 tanks were to be shipped by late December. Morocco also is sending spare tank parts to Ukraine.
The move is being viewed as a change in stance for Morocco, which abstained from a United Nations vote to condemn the Russian invasion in March 2022. Of the 54 African countries represented in the U.N., 28 voted in favor of the resolution.
Calling the sale a "distinctive blow" to Russia's persuasion efforts in Africa, The New Africa Channel said "Russia has made significant investments in efforts to maintain Africa's neutrality and perhaps tilt its affinity towards the Kremlin." These included opening five cultural centers known as "Russia Houses" and a continentwide propaganda campaign, The New Africa Channel reported.
The tanks modernized by Excalibur Army are equipped with thermal imagers, night vision systems and new armor. They also are fitted with explosive-reactive armor kits mounted on the front, sides and roof.
Ukraine has sought Moroccan tanks and spare parts to augment its supply of tanks since 2015.
Although it is unclear whether more African nations will support Ukraine as it seeks to defend itself from Russian attacks, Ukraine has tried to rally support on the continent.
In late December, Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy announced that new embassies would be opened in Africa in early 2023. The first one is expected to open in Ghana.
"We are restarting relations with dozens of African countries," Zelenskyy said in a report by German news service Deutsche Welle. "Next year we must strengthen this. Ten states have already been identified where new Ukrainian embassies in Africa will be opened."
In October, Ukrainian Foreign Minister Dmytro Kuleba toured Côte d'Ivoire, Ghana, Kenya and Senegal in a bid to deepen diplomatic ties. It was the Ukrainian government's first diplomatic trip to the continent in decades.
During a virtual news briefing, Kuleba accused Russia of triggering a global crisis that caused food shortages across the continent.
"Each Russian rocket is not only hitting Ukrainians, it also harms the quality of life for Africans," Kuleba said. He also noted that Ukraine had shipped 830,000 tons of grain to Africa since July.
Although Kuleba's trip was interrupted by heavy Russian missile strikes on civilian targets in Ukraine, observers believe the visit helped build solidarity with African governments and countered some of Russia's propaganda. Kuleba plans to visit Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria and Tanzania in the first quarter of 2023.
"We must strengthen our cooperation," Kuleba said during a visit with Senegalese Foreign Minister Aïssata Tall Sall. "Our future depends on the relationships we build and what happens every day."
food securityGhanaRussia
Boko Haram Kidnappings Signal Expansion, Desperation


text:
Felicia Langer (9 December 1930 – 21 June 2018) was a German-Israeli attorney and human rights activist known for her defence of Palestinian political prisoners in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. She authored several books alleging human rights violations on the part of Israeli authorities. She lived in Germany from 1990 and acquired German citizenship in 2008. In July 2009, President of Germany Horst Köhler awarded her the Federal Cross of Merit, First class, which is the fifth highest of Germany's federal order of merit's eight ranks. The bestowal triggered a public controversy because of her attitude towards the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. In 1990, she was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "the exemplary courage of her advocacy for the basic rights of the Palestinian people."

Youth in Eastern Europe
Felicia-Amalia Langer (born Felicia Veitt) was born to Jewish parents in the Polish town of Tarnów in 1930. In 1939, her family fled from the German invasion to the Soviet Union, where her father, a lawyer, died in one of Stalin's gulag prisons in 1945. Other relatives were murdered by the Nazis. In 1949, she married Mieciu Langer in Breslau, a survivor of Nazi concentration camps who had lost his entire family in the Holocaust.

Time in Israel
In 1950, the young couple immigrated to Israel, where their son was born in 1953. In 1959 she began to study law at Hebrew University Jerusalem, where she obtained a law degree in 1965.

She briefly worked for a Tel Aviv law firm, but then opened up her own lawyer's office in 1966. She was opposed to the conduct of the Israeli occupation of the West Bank and Gaza, and so established a private practice in Jerusalem defending Palestinian political detainees. Langer was the first lawyer to assist Palestinians in cases involving land confiscation, house demolition, deportation, and torture before Israeli military courts.

Langer only infrequently won cases in her 23-year career. In 1977, she lost her licence to defend Israeli conscientious objectors before Israeli courts and could be excluded from proceedings at any time on security grounds. Langer counted her successful defense in 1979 of Nablus mayor Bassam Shaka as the high point of her career. Shaka had been a PLO supporter and outspoken critic of the Camp David accords, and was subsequently accused of inciting terrorism by his public statements and issued an expulsion order. Langer defended him successfully, having the expulsion order overturned by the Israeli supreme court. For many years Langer was vice president of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights.

She later joined the communist party Rakah, in which she became part of the central committee.

In 1990 she departed from the party after an internal conflict of orientation, closed her lawyer's office and moved to Germany with her husband. In an interview with The Washington Post, Langer said she quit because Palestinians no longer can expect justice in Israel.

Time in Germany
From 1990, she lived in Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and acquired German citizenship in 2008. She accepted teaching positions at the universities of Bremen and Kassel and continues to author books which have been translated to several languages. She became patron of the association Refugees´ Children in Lebanon which assists Palestinian refugee families. After March 2009 she supported the newly founded Russell Tribunal for Palestine.

In her writings, lectures and interviews she criticized the Israeli policy in the occupied Palestinian territories, which she considered equivalent to an annexation. Langer furthermore considered the construction of Israeli settlements in the West Bank as undermining the possibility of a two-state solution and demands the complete and unconditional retreat of Israel from the territories conquered in 1967 and a right to return for any descendant of the Palestinian refugees.

In 1990, Langer received the Right Livelihood Award "for the exemplary courage of her struggle for the basic rights of the Palestinian people."

In 1991, she was awarded the Bruno Kreisky Award for Outstanding Achievements in the Area of Human Rights.

In 2002, she declared that whereas the Palestinian terrorist attacks were unjustifiable, the Israeli policy had "paved the way" for them. Within this context, she adopted the opinion of the deputy chairman of the German Liberal Party FDP Jürgen Möllemann, who had called the targeted killings of Palestinian subjects by Israeli security forces as an act of state terror. In 2003, she wrote the preface to a book written by Jamal Karsli.

In 2005, Langer was awarded the Erich Mühsam Prize for her continuing struggle for the human rights of the Palestinian people.

She was a supporter of the Campaign for the Establishment of a United Nations Parliamentary Assembly, an organisation which campaigns for democratic reformation of the United Nations.

Death
Felicia Langer died on 21 June 2018, aged 87, in  Tübingen, Germany.

Federal Cross of Merit
Langer was awarded the Federal Cross of Merit, First class, by the President of Germany Horst Köhler following the nomination by the government of Baden-Württemberg, itself based on suggestions by the publicist Evelyn Hecht-Galinski and the city of Tübingen. At the award ceremony, on 16 July 2009 in Stuttgart, the decoration was bestowed by Hubert Wicker, a senior civil servant of Baden-Württemberg's chancellery.

The official award acknowledges a lifetime effort of Langer for peace, justice and the respect of human rights, as well as her efforts for people in need of help without regard of their nationality or religion and independently of their personal political, or religious motivation or worldview. He furthermore admonished her childhood and youth rife of distress/sorrow, war, persecution and flight.

Discussion about the award
The federal state government led by Günther Oettinger had adopted the proposal after having consulted all commonly involved positions including the Federal Department of Foreign Affairs.

The decision has been criticized by several Jewish municipalities as well as several prominent German Jews, Jewish and pro-Israeli organizations like the Central Council of Jews in Germany, the New York-based American Jewish Committee and the Deutsch-Israelischen Gesellschaft. Polish-German journalist and author Henryk Broder assumed that Köhler had made the decision, ignoring Langer's statements criticizing Israel.

The deputy president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany Dieter Graumann declared in an interview, Germany had awarded a person who had been demonising Israel professionally, chronically and obsessively.

Arno Lustiger, Ralph Giordano and Arno Hamburger announced their intent to return their Federal Crosses of Merit if Langer's award was not revoked. They said Langer had compared the Israeli policy to the Holocaust and described her as a long-time "enemy of Israel" guilty of the "devastating effect" of a common German desideratum to disburden the own guiltiness by criticizing Israel.

Langer said she never compared the Israeli foreign policy to the Holocaust, but considered it as a policy of apartheid. Giordano later withdrew his announcement to return his award, maintaining his critique.

The Israeli travellers' guide, Motke Shomrat, known for his advocacy for the conciliation between Israel and Germany, and honoured with a Federal Cross of Merit, returned it on 24 July 2009, as Langer had supposedly consented anti-Israeli statements of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, which was denied by Langer.
Federal Cross of Merit holder Ralph Giordano said: "No one in the last 25 years, with a one-sidedness bordering on blindness, has done Israel more damage than this supposed human-rights lawyer."

The American Jewish Committee wrote a letter to Köhler condemning the award. The letter expresses an "astonishment at the decision to honour an individual who for many years was an apologist for a regime which brought untold fear and misery upon the citizens of eastern Germany", and refers to her membership of the Israeli Communist Party.

A sharp criticism in German newspapers was mentioned by the spokesman of the Israeli ministry of foreign affairs Yigal Palmor. He said that Langer had a long track of supporting forces in benefit of violence, death and extremism.

As a result of the criticism, and in response to Arno Hamburger´s return of his award, Gert Haller, the highest ranking state secretary in the office of the President of Germany, Horst Köhler, wrote a letter to Hamburger saying that the grievance caused by the awarding was "terribly unfortunate." After requests by Hamburger he stated there was no legal basis to withdraw the award.

Educationist Micha Brumlik criticized Langer's conduct, argumentation and choice of words as too one-sided. He considers that making Israel the only responsible for the situation in the Middle East is typical of an anti-Semitic pattern of argumentation. Nevertheless, she might deserve the Federal Cross of Merit on the merits of calling the attention to the permanent violations of the human rights of the Arab population in the occupied territories on the behalf of Israel.

The mayor of Tübingen, Boris Palmer, and the government of Baden-Württemberg defended the bestowal, arguing that it rewarded Langer's lifework rather than her ideology.

Langer characterised the criticisms of her distinction on 23 July 2009 as a smear campaign supposed to suppress criticism against Israel and rejected to return the Federal Cross of Merit.
Several elected officials, including the Mayor of Tübingen Boris Palmer and representatives of the Government of Baden-Württemberg, underlined their support for the award.

Books by Felicia Langer
Langer's books discuss the torture of detainees, routine violation of international law prohibiting deportation, as well as collective punishment.

With My Own Eyes (1975)
These Are My Brothers (1979)
An Age of Stone (1987)
Fury and Hope (1993) (autobiographical)
Appearance and Truth in Palestine (1999)
Miecius Report. Youth between the Ghetto and Theresienstadt (1999)
Quo vadis Israel? The new Intifada of the Palestinians (2001)
Books in German
 Die Zeit der Steine, Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1989;
 Zorn und Hoffnung. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1991;
 Brücke der Träume. Eine Israelin geht nach Deutschland. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1994, .
 Wo Hass keine Grenzen kennt: eine Anklageschrift. Aus dem Hebräischen und aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1995;
 «Laßt uns wie Menschen leben!» Schein und Wirklichkeit in Palästina. Aus dem Hebräischen und aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1999;
 Miecius später Bericht: eine Jugend zwischen Getto und Theresienstadt. Aus dem Hebräischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 1999;
 Quo vadis, Israel? Die neue Intifada der Palästinenser. Aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2001;
 Brandherd Nahost. Oder: Die geduldete Heuchelei. Aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2004;
 Die Frau, die niemals schweigt. Stationen eines Lebens. Lamuv, Göttingen 2005;
 Die Entrechtung der Palästinenser. 40 Jahre israelische Besatzung. Aus dem Englischen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2006, .
 Um Hoffnung kämpfen. Lamuv, Göttingen 2008, .
 Mit Leib und Seele - Autobiographische Notizen. Zambon, Frankfurt am Main 2012, .

Awards
Hans-Litten-Award - Union of Democratic Advocates (1988)
Right Livelihood Award (1990)
Honorary Citizen of Nazaret (1990)
Bruno Kreisky Award - Merit of Human Rights (1991)
Under the top 50 of the most important women in Israel - Elected by the magazine "YOU" (1998)
Erich Mühsam Award of the Erich-Mühsam-Association (2005)
Human Rights Award - Association Protecting Human Rights and Human Dignity (2006)
Federal Cross of Merit, First Class (2009)
Palestinian Medal for Exceptional Merits (2012)

References

External links
 The Right Livelihood Award to Langer
  Al-Ahram article
 The Daily Star article
 Report of Langer's testimony before the World Peace Council International Inquiry Commission

1930 births
2018 deaths
Israeli human rights activists
Women human rights activists
Israeli non-fiction writers
Israeli people of Polish-Jewish descent
People from Tübingen
Polish emigrants to Israel
20th-century Polish Jews
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
German women non-fiction writers