text:
Arctic Ozone levels down as much as 66%
4/5/2000-Ozone losses of over 66% have occurred in the Arctic stratosphere near 18km altitude during one of the coldest stratospheric winters on record. These losses are likely to affect the ozone levels over Europe during spring. This is one of the most substantial ozone losses at this altitude in the Arctic.
The Arctic ozone hole first appeared in the mid-1990s, more than a decade after the Antarctic hole. Like its southern cousin, it forms as the Sun rises after the midwinter night. Solar radiation triggers reactions between ozone in the stratosphere and chemicals containing chlorine or bromine. These occur fastest on the surface of ice particles in clouds, which only form in the polar stratosphere at temperatures below 80 °C.
"This year is most unusual. Temperatures have been consistently as low as ever recorded in the Arctic stratosphere," says Neil Harris, head of the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit in Cambridge. "There have been polar stratospheric clouds since the end of November and we are already seeing ozone destruction."
Scientists are warning that the biggest hole in the ozone layer over the northern hemisphere will appear this spring. It is likely to trigger public alerts against going out in the sun without protective clothing across Europe. The development of the hole, which could extend from the Arctic to the British Midlands, follows a period of unusually low temperatures combined with high levels of pollutants in the stratosphere - the ideal formula for ozone destruction.
Ozone blocks the harmful ultraviolet rays that cause ageing and skin cancer in humans and can damage crops and wildlife.
Maps of deviations represent total ozone deviations from the 1978-1988 level estimated using TOMS data.
Significant reductions in the column ozone content over the mid- and polar latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere have been observed during the winter-spring seasons of seven of the last eleven years. These reductions usually reached 20 to 30% of the pre-1976 averages. They appeared within and/or at the boundary of the polar stratospheric vortex, and last continuously over the same region usually for a few weeks. By contrast, over the Antarctica even greater reductions last continuously for nearly three months.
"These losses are likely to affect the ozone levels over Europe during spring. This is one of the most substantial ozone losses at this altitude in the Arctic," said Scientists taking part in the ozone experiment, a joint initiative by America's National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit, based in Cambridge, and the European Union's research directorate in a statement issued 4April2000. An Arctic " low ozone event" could easily be blown south by high-altitude winds, and appear over populated areas of The United States, Canada, Europe and the northern regions of Britain.The ozone layer in the upper atmosphere is the key filter for damaging ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation in the Sun's rays. Without it, organisms suffer extensive DNA damage, which in humans results in a greater increase in the risk of skin cancer, eye cataracts and defects in the body's immune system.
Severe stratospheric ozone depletion in the Arctic
Recovery of ozone layer delayed due to climate change?
Ozone losses of over 60% have occurred in the Arctic stratosphere near 18km altitude during one of the coldest stratospheric winters on record. These losses are likely to affect the ozone levels over Europe during spring. This is one of the most substantial ozone losses at this altitude in the Arctic. Measurements from the largest international campaign ever investigating stratospheric ozone depletion have provided more insight into the processes that control stratospheric ozone. They have also reinforced concerns that the Arctic ozone may continue to decline despite the benefits of reductions in stratospheric chlorine levels (a result of the Montreal Protocol), due to the global climate change. Research Commissioner Philippe Busquin points out that "European cooperation within an international team has made it possible to achieve these research results. They will provide the best possible scientific advice to the regulatory process concerning ozone depleting substances in the framework of the Montreal Protocol and, equally important, to the citizens".
During the 1999/2000 winter, the Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO 2000) sponsored by European Union and the NASA sponsored SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) obtained measurements of ozone and other atmospheric gases and particles using satellites and aircrafts, large, small and long duration balloons, and ground-based instruments.
Scientists from Europe, the United States, Canada, Russia and Japan joined forces in mounting the biggest field measurement campaign yet to measure ozone amounts and changes in the Arctic stratosphere. The total amount of information collected by the THESEO 2000/SOLVE campaign is more extensive than any information collected by past polar measurement campaigns. Most of the measurements were made near Kiruna, Sweden, with additional measurements being made from satellites and through a network of stations at mid and high northern latitudes.
During the winter of 1999-2000 large ozone losses were observed inside the Arctic stratospheric polar vortex. These ozone losses in the lower stratosphere have been observed by a number of European techniques based on ozonesondes and ground-based measurements developed in the past decade. At altitudes around 18km cumulative losses of over 60% have occurred between January and March. These are among the largest chemical losses at this altitude observed during the 1990s. The effect on column ozone was slightly mitigated by the fact that ozone loss was less dramatic above 20 km altitude. Satellite observations (eg. by the ESA Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment GOME) showed a clear ozone minimum over the polar region during February and March. The average polar column amount of ozone for the first 2 weeks of March was 16% lower than observed in the 1980's.
The mixing of polar air into middle latitudes, both during the winter and as the polar vortex broke down in late March, influences ozone levels over the populated middle latitudes. Dilution of ozone-depleted air into middle latitudes is a major contributor to the long-term mid-latitude ozone decline, along with other chemical and dynamical processes. In March 2000, the World Meteorological Organisation Mapping Centre at the University of Thessaloniki reported that the mean column ozone amounts over Europe were 15 % below the pre-1976 average.
Results from THESEO 2000/SOLVE have reinforced the scientific concern that the recovery of the ozone layer may be delayed. Cooling of the stratosphere could be caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases, by reduced concentrations of ozone in the stratosphere, or by changes in the dynamics of the stratosphere. Even as the stratospheric concentrations of chlorine and bromine decline, such a cooling and, possibly, a more stable Arctic vortex are currently predicted to prolong Arctic ozone depletion.
More information, including a list of participating institutions, can be found at the Theseo 2000 and Solve web sites:
http://www.ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.uk/
http://www.nilu.no/projects/theseo2000/
http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/solve/
You may also contact the following people:
Dr Georgios Amanatidis, Scientific Officer, Environment and Sustainable Development Programme, Research DG
tel: + 32-2-295.88.15, fax: + 32-2-296.30.24,
e-mail: georgios.amanatidis@cec.eu.int
Dr Neil Harris, European Ozone Research Coordinating Unit
tel: + 44-1223-31.17.72, fax: + 44-1223-31.17.50,
e-mail: general@ozone-sec.ch.cam.ac.uk
Piia Huusela, Press and Information Officer, Research DG
tel: +32-2-299.21.38, fax: +32-2-295.82.20,
e-mail: piia.huusela@cec.eu.int
NASA Press Release
Lynn Chandler
(Phone: 301-614-5562)
Mary Beth Murrill
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
mary.b.murrill@jpl.nasa.gov
RELEASE NO: 00-39
NASA-EUROPEAN CAMPAIGN OBSERVES SIGNIFICANT ARCTIC OZONE LOSS
Ozone losses of over 60 percent have occurred in the Arctic stratosphere near 60,000 feet (18 km) in one of the coldest winters on record. This is one of the worst ozone losses at this altitude in the Arctic.
Investigations into the Arctic stratosphere have provided better insights into the processes that control polar ozone. These insights considerably add to our ability to predict ozone levels in the future as chlorine levels decline as a result of the Montreal Protocol, and as greenhouse gases increase. Climate change in the stratosphere will likely enhance ozone losses in the Arctic winter in the coming decades as chlorine levels decrease.
During the 1999/2000 winter, the NASA sponsored SAGE III Ozone Loss and Validation Experiment (SOLVE) and European Union sponsored Third European Stratospheric Experiment on Ozone (THESEO-2000) obtained measurements of ozone, other atmospheric gases, and particles using satellites, airplanes, large, small and long duration balloons, and ground-based instruments. NASA, along with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and several universities, worked jointly on the SOLVE mission.
Scientists from the United States joined with scientists from Europe, Canada, Russia and Japan in mounting the biggest field measurement campaign yet to measure ozone amounts and changes in the Arctic stratosphere. The activities were conducted from November 1999 through March 2000. The total amount of information collected by the SOLVE/THESEO 2000 campaign is greater than the information collected in any past polar measurement campaign. Most of the measurements were made near Kiruna, Sweden with additional measurements being made from satellites and a network of stations at mid and high northern latitudes.
During the winter of 1999-2000 large ozone losses were observed in the Arctic stratosphere. These lower stratospheric ozone losses were observed by a number of instruments and techniques, including a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ozone instrument aboard the high altitude NASA ER-2 aircraft. "Measurements from the NASA ER-2 show ozone in the Arctic region decreasing by about 60 percent between January and mid-March," said ER-2 co-project scientist Dr. Paul A. Newman of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
These measurements are comparable to the large chemical losses at this altitude observed in several winters in the mid-1990s. The effect on total column ozone was slightly mitigated by the fact that reductions in ozone were smaller above 66,000 feet (20 kilometers). Spacecraft observations by NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer-Earth Probe showed a clear ozone minimum over the polar region during February and March. The average polar column amounts of ozone for the first two weeks of March were 16 percent lower than observed in the early 1980's.
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are necessary for the conversion of chlorine from benign molecular forms into the chlorine monoxide molecule which directly destroy ozone. PSCs were observed over very extensive portions of the Arctic region from early December to early-March. "We were somewhat surprised to see PSCs so early in December," said Dr. Mark Schoeberl, who was the SOLVE co-project scientist for observations made from NASA's DC-8 aircraft. "Some of the PSC types and their locations which we observed in December did not fit within our current understanding." The last PSCs were observed on March 8 by instruments aboard the DC-8, and on March 15 by satellite.
The polar stratosphere temperatures were extremely low over the course of this last winter. PSCs can only form in these low temperature regions. At 66,000 feet on Jan. 28, the area covered by temperatures low enough to form PSCs was 5.7 million square miles (14.8 million square kilometers), which is larger than the United States. This is the largest area coverage recorded in over 40 years of Northern Hemisphere stratospheric analyses.
"The polar stratospheric clouds covered a larger area, and persisted for a longer period of time, than for any other Arctic winter during the past 20 years. These conditions heighten our concern regarding possible couplings between climate change and stratospheric ozone depletion," said ozone researcher Dr. Ross Salawitch of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif.
The mixing of polar air into middle latitudes, both during the winter and as the polar circulation broke down in late March, influences ozone levels over the populated middle latitudes. Dilution of ozone depleted air into latitudes is a major contributor to the long-term mid-latitude decline. These mixing processes have been studied during SOLVE/THESEO-2000 and detailed analysis of these processes continues.
For further information visit the SOLVE web site at: http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov/solve/
For supporting images visit the web site at: http://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/imagewall/solve.html
Scientific background information
The ozone loss is directly related to the high concentrations of chlorine compounds that exist in the stratosphere. The principal chlorine compound involved in ozone loss is the chlorine monoxide molecule (ClO). Complementary measurements of ClO were made by instruments on aircraft, balloons, a satellite, and from the ground so that good spatial and temporal coverage was obtained. These instruments showed high ClO concentrations from January to March consistent with the large ozone loss measurements, as did measurements of other important chemical species such as bromine monoxide (BrO).
Polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) are directly involved in the conversion of chlorine from benign molecular forms into the ClO molecule. PSCs were observed in very extensive portions over the Arctic region from early December to early-March. The last PSCs were observed around 10 March.
The temperatures in the polar stratosphere were extremely low over the course of this last winter, which increases ozone losses. Polar stratospheric clouds can only form in these low temperature regions. At 20 km on January 28, the area covered by temperatures low enough to form these clouds was 14.8 million km2 – as compared with the total surface area of Europe: just over 10 million km2. This is the largest areal coverage recorded in over 40 years of stratospheric analyses. The low temperatures first appeared in mid-November at about 24 km, and persisted at lower altitudes into mid-March. The low temperatures generally resulted from a stratosphere that has been relatively undisturbed by large-scale tropospheric weather systems over the course of the winter.
Measurements in THESEO 2000/SOLVE were made using a large suite of instruments aboard several European aircraft – the German DLR Falcon, the French ARAT and Mystère 20 and a Swiss Air Force Lear Jet - and on NASA's DC-8 and ER-2. Most of these planes were based in Kiruna during the campaign. Nearly 30 research balloons, carrying payloads weighing up to several hundred kilogrammes were launched from Esrange (The Swedish Space Research Centre), Kiruna, by teams from CNES, Esrange and NASA. Atmospheric readings made at the European network of over 30 stations of ground-based instruments have shown how the Arctic stratosphere evolved through the winter and measurements of ozone have been made at the WMO Global Atmospheric Watch network. In addition, ozone losses have been derived from over 600 ozonesondes launched from an international experiment coordinated by the Alfred Wegener Institute in Germany. All these measurements were complemented by observations from a number of satellite instruments including GOME.
In all, more than 500 international scientists, technicians and support workers were involved in the THESEO 2000/SOLVE experiment. The THESEO 2000/SOLVE campaign represents a new level of active cooperation between European, US and other national research scientists. This cooperation will be continued during the analysis of the measurements and there will be a joint science meeting held in Palermo, Italy, in September 2000. Such scientific collaboration has been encouraged under the 1998 European Union/United States Science and Technology Cooperation Agreement.
THESEO 2000 consists of a core of 12 major EU funded projects within the Environment programmes of both Fourth and Fifth Framework programmes for Research and Technological Development. The EU has a major research programme on stratospheric ozone and UV-B which includes laboratory based research into the fundamental principles of stratospheric chemistry, the ozone-climate interactions, the development of new devices to measure the atmosphere's composition, research into improving atmospheric chemical models and UV-B radiation field measurements. The research funded by the EC Research DG in THESEO 2000 is closely coordinated with, and substantially increased by, the national research programmes. European research on stratospheric ozone and UV-B makes a valuable contribution to the international research which underpins the Montreal Protocol.
Arctic Ozone
October 2 2011-NASA Leads Study Of Unprecedented Arctic Ozone Loss
5 April 2011-Arctic Ozone Loss 2011
2/8/01-SCIENTISTS DISCOVER NEW KEYS TO ARCTIC OZONE LOSS
4/5/2000-Arctic Ozone levels down as much as 66%
2 DEC 1999-Scientists "Concerned" Ozone layer over Europe dwindling


What Can Hypnotherapy Help With. Many people choose to undergo hypnotherapy in order to help them to get over a specific problem and end up having a great success in eliminating the problem.
Few people realize the potent power of hypnotherapy when it comes to various types of problems and illnesses, however, so in this article, well examine some of the things that an individual may visit a hypnotherapist for in order to help you realize what you can treat with hypnotherapy.
Surprisingly, many people visit hypnotherapists in order to assist them with problems with pain management. The mental power of a hypnotherapist can be immensely helpful when it comes to helping your mind to rationalize certain things when you are under, and pain management has been shown to be aided by hypnotherapy in numerous studies. Another problem that is often treated by hypnotherapy is anxiety.
Since anxiety is a problem that is rooted in the psyche, hypnotherapists may use techniques such as age regression in order to help your unconscious mind to remember what things were like at a previous point in your life so that you can have restored confidence and strength in yourself. Insomnia is another problem that can be greatly aided by a hypnotherapist.
Those with insomnia may find that they are having trouble sleeping because they cannot seem to put their mind at ease when its time for bed. Through direct and indirect suggestion, hypnotherapists can help to cancel out some of the factors that can cause insomnia so that you can find relief.
Do you have a fear of something that might be considered unnatural? If you have a type of fear that is unjustified and is affecting your life to a significant degree, you should consider visiting a hypnotherapist to help your mind to get over the problem.
Hypnotic suggestion can help you to rationalize your fears and discard those that are debilitating to your health, so visiting a hypnotherapist for your phobias is probably one of your best bets for treating the problem. As hypnotherapy can be useful in ridding an individual of their phobias, it can also be helpful when it comes to helping an individual to get over problems that they had in their past.
To that end, sufferers of abuse or those who are victim to post traumatic stress disorder can receive some very helpful treatment from a hypnotherapist. People who are addicted to a substance may also find that a visit to a hypnotherapist can be helpful in assisting them to get over their particular problem. For years, cigarette smokers have found that a visit to a hypnotherapist can be immensely helpful when it comes to making them kick the habit.
The hypnotherapist works to get rid of the psychological roadblocks that are keeping the individual from successfully quitting so that once the nicotine withdrawals are over, the problem is solved. By no means is this list a complete one of all the things that hypnotherapy can be useful in helping you with. If you have a problem that you feel is largely caused by your mind, you should consider visiting a hypnotherapist.


I began to feel much happier, and I started doing things that would improve my life. I felt motivated again, and excited. I decided to really get it together and do the best that I could. I stepped up my policing career game plan. I resolved to eat better and go to the gym more regularly. I met with a financial advisor to help me get my money on a road to growth, not decimation. I decided to avoid any serious dating this year to really work on myself. I dedicated the new year to polishing myself up. This would be the year of me.
I got so excited and motivated, and I did too much. I accepted too many transcription assignments for my other job, I picked up too many shifts at the restaurant and ended up working over time. On top of that, filling out all of the police applications, taking tests, and working out regularly caught up to me quickly. I found myself about to lose it on multiple occasions, though to be honest, I didn't know what "it" really was. But I also felt my identity beginning to really take root. I am the things that I do. I am who I am because of what I dedicate my time to. I didn't realize it at the time, but those were the growing pains. I was struggling because I was pushing myself to a new limit.
Relief was a couple of weeks away. I told myself I could get through it because in February, there was a JETAA reception for the Texas/Oklahoma area and I would take a few days to decompress and be alone in my hotel room. To get to that day was my goal. That was it.
Those fleeting moments where I was hit by a strong sense of loss or nostalgia for Japan became less frequent. All of my focus in January was on attaining the life that I pictured for myself and meeting my financial needs.


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Myths about the flu abound — even among health professionals.
Take our quiz to test your flu knowledge.
The "stomach flu" and influenza are the same thing.
Getting a flu vaccine in December or later is not too late.
Flu viruses change constantly which requires a new flu vaccine to be produced each year.
Washing your hands is the best thing you can do to protect against the flu.
The flu vaccine protects against three strains of flu.
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text:
The Departmental Council of Cantal () is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Cantal. It consists of 30 members (departmental councilors) and its headquarters are in Aurillac, capital of the department, and the president is Bruno Faure. The general councilors are elected for a 6-years term. The Council includes 8 vice-presidents.

Composition

The president
The president of the General Council is currently Bruno Faure (LR).

Vice-presidents

Departmental councilors
The Departmental Council consists of 30 departmental councilors who are elected from the 15 cantons of Cantal. They are elected for a 6-years term.

Visual identity (logo)

References

See also

 Cantal
 Departmental councils of France
 Departmental Council of Cantal

Cantal
Departmental councils (France)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Orange County Coastkeeper is a nonprofit clean water organization that serves as a proactive steward of our fresh- and saltwater ecosystems to achieve healthy, accessible, and sustainable water resources for the region through innovative, effective programs in education, advocacy, restoration, research, enforcement, and conservation.
An estimated 8 billion tons of plastic make it into our oceans each year, and 60-80 percent of trash in our oceans comes from inland sources. Engage with your local community to help protect Orange County beaches and waterways by removing trash from the beach. To volunteer, click here.


text:
BBC's Persian service is accused of promoting Iran regime's homophobic views
January 9, 2021 Dianne Reeves Online news
The BBC's Persian service has been accused of promoting the Iranian regime's homophobic views with posts calling gay people 'f*****s' and 'an abomination'.
The claims have been made by LGBT charity, the Peter Tatchell Foundation, which says a recent post on the BBC Persian website used a number of derogatory terms, also comparing gay people to opium addicts and people who commit incest.
Peter Tatchell (pictured) of the LGBT charity, the Peter Tatchell Foundation. The charity has asked the BBC to explain the publication of a 'homophobic' article on BBC Persia
On another occasion, the site mockingly referred to 'so called' LGBT+ Pride and apparently attempted to out an Iranian interviewee.
This was broadcast on its TV channel on July 6, 2019, and is still available online, despite protests by LGBT+ Iranians urging it to be removed, the charity said.
Director and campaigner Peter Tatchell has now sent a strongly-worded letter to BBC Director General Tim Davie, condemning the 'appalling homophobia' of BBC Persian, its alleged 'apologia' for the tyranny in Tehran and its seeming praise for 'Jihad and martyr's culture.'
He also demands a public apology and urging the 'dismissal of the director of BBC Persian.'
The Peter Tatchell has written a letter to top BBC chief Tim Davie (pictured and other senior figures at the broadcaster for an explanation
Furthermore, Mr Tatchell calls for an independent inquiry into the 'administration, staffing, monitoring and content of the BBC Persian service;' querying whether 'BBC Persian is infiltrated by staff who are apologists or possibly agents for the Iranian dictatorship.'
Iran is ruled by a theocratic regime and homosexual behaviour, adultery and sex outside of marriage are illegal under Iranian law and can carry the death penalty.
When approached for comment, the BBC said the article was a 'freelance opinion piece', and that it had been updated.
'A freelance opinion piece has been updated with an acknowledgement on our website,' the statement from a BBC spokesman said. 'We will provide a full response to Mr Tatchell in due course.'
Iran is ruled by a theocratic regime and homosexual behaviour, adultery and sex outside of marriage are illegal under Iranian law and can carry the death penalty. Pictured: Iranian Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei addresses the people on Friday in a live broadcast
The BBC's Persian service (pictured) has been accused of promoting the Iranian regime's homophobic views with posts calling gay people 'f*****s' and 'an abomination' by LGBT charity, the Peter Tatchell Foundation
An explanation and apology was also added to the article to say that it had been updated – a translated version of which has been provided to the MailOnline.
'In an earlier version of this article, a word was used to refer to homosexual relations in the historical context of Iran that is not among the terms that BBC uses to describe sexual orientations and was therefore inappropriate. It is now corrected,' the editorial note in the article read.
Originally from Australia, Peter Tatchell is a British human rights campaigner, focusing primarily on working with LGBT social movements.
In 1981, he was selected as the Labour Party's parliamentary candidate for Bermondse, but is now affiliated with the Green Party after joining in 2004.
The Peter Tatchell Foundation's full letter to the BBC
Dear Tim Davie, Jamie Angus and Fran Unsworth
I would appreciate your prompt explanation of the shocking allegations of appalling homophobia on the BBC Persian language service website on 28 December 2020, as set out in the attached PDF.
BBC Persian published a post describing LGBT+ people as 'hamjensbaz', which I am told is the Persian language equivalent of the word 'faggot.' It took huge protests from LGBT+ Iranians to get this disgusting language removed.
The post went on to compare LGBT+ people to opium addicts and people who have sex with their siblings. Again, only after protests was this deleted but it was replaced by the equally offensive insult 'ghabahat' – which apparently means abomination.
This echoes official homophobic views of the Iranian tyranny.
The post also seems to praise this tyranny in words similar to those used by state propagandists in Tehran. It allegedly includes praise such as:
'The Islamic Republic benefitted Iranian citizens by 'cutting the hands of foreigners', promoting…Jihad and martyrs culture'.
It is reprehensible and unacceptable that the BBC promotes hate speech and apologia for a dictatorship.
Pictured: Royal Air Force veteran David Bonney (right) and human rights campaigner Peter Tatchell lay a rainbow wreath at the Cenotaph, in Whitehall, London, following the Remembrance Sunday service on November 8, 2020
Moreover, on 6 July 2019 BBC Persian TV broadcast a news story seemingly mocking what it allegedly described as 'so-called' LGBT Pride.
This video is still online and requests by LGBT+ Iranians to remove it have been ignored.
The outcry among LGBT+ Iranians that these two incidents have prompted is evidence that they cannot be explained away as people not understanding Farsi or the nuances of Iranian culture. The fact LGBT+ Iranians are so angry and upset suggests that BBC Persian is guilty of gross repeated homophobia.
I am urging the BBC to make the following amends:
A. A public apology and correction issued to the UK mainstream and LGBT+ media and posted on the BBC website.
B. If the allegations are shown to be true, the Director of BBC Persian should be dismissed for allowing repeated homophobic content.
C. Please explain what LGBT+ content you intend to put out on BBC Persian to counter and amend this apparent anti-LGBT+ prejudice promoted by the BBC.
This incident raises broader serious questions:
D. I would like an inquiry into persistent allegations that BBC Persian is infiltrated by staff who are apologists or possibly agents for the Iranian dictatorship. It has been long alleged that the Iranian regime has a secret programme to place people supportive of its policies and objectives in western media and political circles.
E. Please explain what vetting is undertaken by the BBC when appointing staff to BBC Persian to ensure they are not officially or unofficially agents or apologists for the Iranian dictatorship.
F. Can you advise me what LGBT+ awareness and sensitivity training is given to BBC Persian and other BBC World Service staff, who are often from countries where anti-LGBT+ prejudice, discrimination and violence is the norm?
G. I would be grateful to know what procedures are in place to monitor the content of BBC Persian to ensure that its output conforms to BBC journalistic and ethical standards.
H. Furthermore, the alleged non-reporting or biased reporting by BBC Persian of human rights abuses of minority nationalities in Iran, such as the Baluch, Ahwazi Arabs and Kurds, has been subject to long standing criticisms and seems to defy the BBC's remit of truthful, fair and objective reporting. It smacks of de facto racism by omission towards these persecuted ethnic minorities. I would like this investigated as well.
I. I am urging that you appoint an independent inquiry into the administration, staffing, monitoring and content of the BBC Persian service.
Please advise at your earliest convenience.
Director, Peter Tatchell Foundation
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Delta Wildlife provides food plot recommendations to members for all types of wildlife species. This includes, plant materials, planting rates, planting dates, fertilization rates, and other variables. The organization will also develop comprehensive, year-round food plot programs for interested members.


text:
\section{Introduction}
\label{sec:intro}

This paper summarizes the status of the finite-element approach to
gauge theories, in which the Heisenberg operator equations of motion
are converted to operator difference equations consistent with
unitarity.
For a review of the entire program, from quantum mechanics to quantum
field theory, see Ref.~\cite{review}.
The gauging of an Abelian theory on a finite-element lattice was
first
carried out in Ref.~\cite{qed}, while the generalization to a
non-Abelian theory was given in Ref.~\cite{nagt}.
The beginnings of constructing a canonical
quantum electrodynamics along these lines were given in
Ref.\cite{feagt1}.
In particular, we showed there that, at least for background fields,
the Dirac equation is {\it unitary}, in the sense that canonical
anticommutation
relations hold at each lattice time.

In this paper, we will first show, in Sec.\ \ref{sec:2},  how to
construct free lattice propagators for electrons and photons.
We remind the reader how interactions are introduced, in Sec.\
\ref{sec:3},
and then, using the gauge-invariant current, compute directly vector
and axial-vector anomalies.  Another anomalous aspect of the
current operators is examined in Sec.\ \ref{sec:4}, where equal-time
current commutators are computed, from which the divergent and finite
Schwinger terms are computed.
In Sec.\ \ref{sec:5} a lattice loop calculation is
described. We compute the vacuum polarization in two
dimensions  using the electron propagator found in
Sec.\ \ref{sec:2}, and obtain results consistent with the known
continuum
Schwinger model.  The continuing direction of our program is
sketched in the concluding Sec.\ \ref{concl}.
In the Appendix we discuss a possible alternative definition  of
the current possible
in Euclidean space, and show why such a current is unacceptable.

\section{Free Dirac Equation.  Lattice Propagators}
\label{sec:2}

We begin by reminding the reader of the form of the free
finite-element
lattice Dirac equation\footnote{Note that we use a different sign of
$\mu$ than in Ref.~\cite{feagt1}, and correspondingly, a different
definition of spinors in (\ref{spinors}) and a change of sign in the
unitary
time evolution operator $U$, (\ref{timeevolution}).}:
\begin{equation}
{i\gamma^0\over h}(\psi_{\overline{\bf m},n+1}-\psi_{\overline{\bf
m},n})
+{i\gamma^j\over\Delta}(\psi_{m_j+1,\overline{\bf
m}_\perp,\overline{n}}
-\psi_{m_j,\overline{\bf
m}_\perp,\overline{n}})-\mu\psi_{\overline{\bf m},
\overline{n}}=0.
\end{equation}
Here $\mu$ is the electron mass, $h$ is the temporal lattice spacing,
$\Delta$ is the spatial lattice spacing, $\bf m$ represents a spatial
lattice
coordinate, $n$ a temporal coordinate,
 and overbars signify forward averaging:
\begin{equation}
x_{\overline m}={1\over2}(x_{m+1}+x_m).
\end{equation}
By transforming this into momentum space we find that the momentum
expansion
of the canonical Dirac field is
\begin{equation}
\psi_{\overline{\bf m},n}=\sum_{s, {\bf
p}}\sqrt{\mu\over\omega}
(b_{{\bf p},s}u_{{\bf p},s}\lambda^{-n}e^{i{\bf p\cdot m}2\pi/ M}
+d^\dagger_{{\bf p},s}v_{{\bf p},s}\lambda^n e^{-i{\bf p\cdot m}2\pi/
M}),
\label{fourier}
\end{equation}
where the spinors are normalized according to
\begin{equation}
\sum_s\tilde u_\pm^{\vphantom{\dagger}} \tilde
u_\pm^\dagger\gamma^0=\mp  {\mu\pm\gamma\cdot\tilde p
\over2\mu}\equiv\pm\Lambda_\pm,
\label{spinors}
\end{equation}
where $u=\tilde u_-$ and $v=\tilde u_+$,
and where
\begin{equation}
\tilde{\bf p}={2{\bf t}\over\Delta},
\quad \omega=\tilde p^0=\sqrt{\tilde {\bf p}^2+\mu^2},\quad
({\bf t_p})_i=\tan p_i\pi/M.
\label{tp}
\end{equation}
In (\ref{fourier}) $\lambda$ is the eigenvalue of the Dirac transfer
matrix
\begin{equation}
\lambda={1+ih\omega/2\over1-ih\omega/2}\equiv
e^{i\Omega(h)h}.
\label{lambda}
\end{equation}
Notice that we may solve (\ref{lambda}) for $\omega$:
\begin{equation}
\omega={2\over h}\tan{h\Omega\over2}.
\label{omega}
\end{equation}
We take $M$, the number of lattice points in a given spatial
direction, to be odd, so that $\psi$ is periodic on the spatial
lattice.  It follows from (\ref{fourier}) that
 the canonical lattice anticommutation relations for the Dirac
fields
\begin{equation}
\{\psi_{\overline{\bf m}^{\vphantom{\prime}},n}^{\vphantom{\dagger}},
\psi_{\overline{\bf m}',n}^\dagger\}
={1\over\Delta^3}\delta_{{\bf m}, {\bf m}'}
\label{anticomm}
\end{equation}
are satisfied if ($L=M\Delta$, the length of the spatial lattice)
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{eqnarray}
\{b^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_{{\bf p},s},
b_{{\bf p}',s'}^\dagger\}&=&{1\over
L^3}\delta_{
\bf p,p'}\delta_{s,s'},\\
\{d^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_{{\bf p},s},
d_{{\bf p}',s'}^\dagger\}&=&{1\over L^3}\delta_{
\bf p,p'}\delta_{s,s'},
\end{eqnarray}
\end{mathletters}
and all other anticommutators of these operators vanish.

At this point we can construct a free lattice Dirac Green's function
according to
\begin{eqnarray}
i G_{{\bf m},n;{\bf m}',n'}&=&\langle
T(\psi^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_{\overline{\bf m},n}
\overline{\psi}_{\overline{\bf m}',n'})\rangle\nonumber\\
&=&\langle\psi^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_{\overline{\bf m},n}
\overline{\psi}_{\overline{\bf m}',n'}\rangle\eta(n-n')-
\langle\overline{\psi}_{\overline{\bf m}',n'}
\psi^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_{\overline{\bf m},n}\rangle\eta(n'-n),
\label{definegreen}
\end{eqnarray}
where the step function is defined by\footnote{Inclusion of the
$x=0$ value of the step function eliminates the following nonlocal
term from (\ref{diracgreen}):
$$\delta_{n,n'}{h\over2 L^3}\sum_{\bf p}e^{i\bf{p\cdot (m-m')}2\pi/M}
(\mu-\bbox{\gamma}\cdot\tilde{\bf p})/\tan h\Omega/2.$$}
\begin{equation}
\eta(x)=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
1,&x>0,\\
1/2,&x=0,\\
0,&x<0.\end{array}\right.
\end{equation}
Using the fact that $b$ and $d$ are annihilation operators, we easily
see
from the Fourier expansion (\ref{fourier}) that the free Green's
function has
the
following momentum expansion:
\begin{eqnarray}
i G_{{\bf m},n;{\bf m}',n'}={1\over L^3}\sum_{\bf
p}{\mu\over\omega}\big[
&&\Lambda_+\lambda^{n'-n}e^{i{\bf
p\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}\eta(n-n')\nonumber\\
\quad\qquad\mbox{}+&&\Lambda_-\lambda^{n-n'}e^{-i{\bf
p\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}\eta(n'-n)\big].
\label{defgreen}
\end{eqnarray}
To recast (\ref{defgreen}) in
four-dimensional momentum space, we can use the
identity for integer $p$
\begin{equation}
\oint_\gamma{dz\over2\pi i}{z^{p-1}\over
z-1}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}
1,&p\ge1,\\
0,&p\le0,\end{array}\right.
\label{identity}
\end{equation}
 where $\gamma$ is a contour encircling
$0$ and $1$
in a positive sense.
It is then a straightforward exercise to show that, apart from a
contact term\footnote{This contact term is
$${h\over4L^3}\delta_{n,n'}\sum_{\bf p}e^{i{\bf p\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}
(\mu-\bbox{\gamma}\cdot\tilde{\bf p}),$$
and serves to convert, in the numerator, $\cos^2 h\Omega/2$ to
$\cos^2 h\hat\Omega/2$.},
\begin{eqnarray}
G_{{\bf m},n;{\bf
m}',n'}&=&{h\over4\pi}\int_{-\pi/h}^{\pi/h}
d\hat\Omega e^{-ih\hat\Omega(n-n')}
{1\over L^3}\sum_{\bf p}e^{i{\bf p\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}\nonumber\\
&&\quad\times{\gamma^0\sin
h\hat\Omega+(\mu-\bbox{\gamma}\cdot\tilde{\bf
p})
h\cos^2 h\hat\Omega/2\over\cos h(\Omega-i\epsilon)-\cos
h\hat\Omega}.
\label{diracgreen}
\end{eqnarray}
This expression has the expected continuum limit: as $h\to0$ and $n
h\to t$,
(\ref{diracgreen}) becomes
\begin{equation}
{1\over2\pi}\int_{-\infty}^\infty d\hat\Omega
e^{-i\hat\Omega(t-t')}
{1\over L^3}\sum_{\bf p}e^{i{\bf
p\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}{\gamma\cdot\tilde p-\mu
\over{\tilde p}^2+\mu^2-i\epsilon},
\end{equation}
where $\tilde p=(\hat\Omega,\tilde{\bf p})$.

 In a similar way we can work out the free lattice Green's function
for the photon.  We first note, from the lattice versions of the
Maxwell equations in the temporal gauge, $A_0=0$, in part,
\begin{equation}
{\bf E}=\dot{\bf A},\quad \dot{\bf E}+\bbox{\nabla}\times{\bf B}=0,
\end{equation}
namely,
\begin{equation}
{\bf E}_{\overline{\bf m},\overline n}
={1\over h}({\bf A}_{\overline{\bf m},n+1}-{\bf A}_{\overline{\bf
m},n}),
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
{1\over h}[(E_i)_{\overline{\bf m},n+1}-{(E_i)}_{\overline{\bf m},n}]
+{1\over\Delta}\epsilon_{ijk}[(B_k)_{m_j+1, \overline{\bf m}_\perp,
\overline{n}}
-(B_k)_{m_j, \overline{\bf m}_\perp,
\overline{n}}]=0,
\end{equation}
that the momentum-space transfer matrix for the photon is
\begin{equation}
T=e^{i\Omega h}
\label{photontrans}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
\omega={2t\over\Delta}={2\over h}\tan{h\Omega\over2},
\end{equation}
just as in (\ref{omega}).
[Incidentally, notice that this form of the free photon transfer
matrix establishes unitarity of the free lattice Maxwell equations.]

Now we  compute the photon propagator defined by
\begin{eqnarray}
i D^{ij}_{{\bf m},n;{\bf m}',n'}&=&\langle
T(A^i_{\overline{\bf m},n}
A^{j}_{\overline{\bf m}',n'})\rangle\nonumber\\
&=&\langle A^i_{\overline{\bf m},n}
A^j_{\overline{\bf m}',n'}\rangle\eta(n-n')+
\langle A^j_{\overline{\bf m}',n'}
A^i_{\overline{\bf m},n}\rangle\eta(n'-n),
\label{definephoton}
\end{eqnarray}
which, on use of the canonical commutation relations for the photon
creation and annihilation operators, defined through the momentum
expansion
of the photon fields, (2.17) of Ref.~\cite{feagt1},
\begin{equation}
[a_{\bf k}^i, a_{{\bf k}'}^j]=0,\quad[a_{\bf k}^i, a_{{\bf
k}'}^{j\dagger}]=
\delta_{\bf k, k'}f^{ij}({\bf k}),
\end{equation}
where the transverse projection operator is
\begin{equation}
 f^{ij}({\bf k})=\delta_{ij}-{({\bf t_k})_i({\bf t_k})_j
\over({\bf t_k})^2},
\end{equation}
leads to
\begin{eqnarray}
i D^{ij}_{{\bf m},n;{\bf m}',n'}&=&
\eta(n-n'){1\over L^3}\sum_{{\bf k}}{1\over2\omega_k}e^{-i\Omega
h(n-n')}
e^{i{\bf k\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}f^{ij}({\bf k})\nonumber\\
&&\quad\mbox{}+\eta(n'-n){1\over L^3}\sum_{{\bf
k}}{1\over2\omega_k}e^{i\Omega h(n-n')}
e^{-i{\bf k\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}f^{ij}({\bf k}).
\label{phoprop}
\end{eqnarray}
Use of the identity (\ref{identity}) leads to the four-dimensional
form, apart from a contact term,
\begin{eqnarray}
D^{ij}_{{\bf m},n;{\bf
m}',n'}&=&{h^2\over4\pi}\int_{-\pi/h}^{\pi/h}
d\hat\Omega e^{-ih\hat\Omega(n-n')}
{1\over L^3}\sum_{\bf k}e^{i{\bf k\cdot(m-m')}2\pi/M}f^{ij}({\bf
k})\nonumber\\
&&\quad\times{\cos^2 h\hat\Omega/2\over\cos h(\Omega-i\epsilon)-\cos
h\hat\Omega},
\label{photongreen}
\end{eqnarray}
completely analogous to the electron Green's function
(\ref{diracgreen}).

\section{ Interactions. Axial-vector Anomaly}
\label{sec:3}
Interactions of an electron with a background electromagnetic field
is given in terms of a transfer matrix $T$:
\begin{equation}
\psi_{n+1}=T_n\psi_n,
\end{equation}
which is to be understood as a matrix equation in $\overline {\bf
m}$.
Explicitly, in the gauge $A^0=0$, \cite{feagt1}
\begin{equation}
T=2U^{-1}-1,\quad
U=1+{ih\mu\gamma^0\over2}-{h\over\Delta}\gamma^0\bbox{\gamma
\cdot{\cal D}},
\label{timeevolution}
\end{equation}
where
\begin{equation}
{\cal D}^j_{\bf m,m'}=-(-1)^{m_j+m_j'}[\epsilon_{m_j,m_j'}\cos\hat
\zeta_{m_j,m'_j}-i\sin\hat\zeta_{m_j,m'_j}]\sec\zeta^{(j)}\,
\delta_{\bf m_\perp,m'_\perp}.
\label{eq:d}
\end{equation}
Here
\begin{equation}
\epsilon_{m,m'}=\left\{\begin{array}{ll}1,&m>m',\\
 0,&m=m',\\
-1,&m<m',\end{array}\right.
\end{equation}
and (the following are local and unaveraged in ${\bf m}_\perp$, $n$)
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{equation}
\zeta_{m_j}={e\Delta\over2}A^j_{\overline{m_j-1}},\quad \zeta^{(j)}=
\sum_{m_j=1}^M\zeta_{m_j},
\end{equation}
and
\begin{equation}
\hat\zeta_{m_j,m_j'}=\sum_{m_j''=1}^M{\rm sgn}\,(m_j''-m_j){\rm
sgn}\,(m_j''-m_j')\zeta_{m_j''},
\end{equation}
\end{mathletters}
$\!\!\!\!\!$ with
\begin{equation}
{\rm sgn}\,(m-m')=\epsilon_{m,m'}-\delta_{m,m'}.
\end{equation}
Because ${\cal D}$ is anti-Hermitian, it follows that $T$ is unitary,
that
is,
that $\phi_{{\bf m},n}=\psi_{\overline{\bf m},n}$ is the canonical
field variable satisfying
the canonical anticommutation relations (\ref{anticomm}).

It is instructive, and very simple, to consider the Schwinger model,
that is the case with dimension $d=2$ and mass $\mu=0$.  Because the
light-cone
aligns with the lattice in that case, we set $h=\Delta$.  Then we
see that the transfer matrix for positive or negative chirality,
that is, eigenvalue of $i\gamma_5=\gamma^0\gamma^1$ equal to $\pm1$,
is
\begin{equation}
T_\pm={1\pm{\cal D}\over1\mp{\cal D}}.
\end{equation}
{}From (\ref{eq:d}) we see that the numerator of $T$ is
\begin{equation}
(1\pm{\cal D})_{m,m'}=[\delta_{m,m'}e^{\pm i\zeta}
\mp(-1)^{m+m'}\epsilon_{m,m'}
e^{-i\epsilon_{m,m'}\hat\zeta_{m,m'}}]\sec\zeta,
\end{equation}
while it is a simple calculation to verify that the inverse of this
operator is
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{eqnarray}
(1+{\cal D})_{m,m'}^{-1}&=&
{1\over2}\left(\delta_{m,m'}+\delta_{m,m'- 1}e^{-
2i\zeta_{m'}}\right),\\
(1-{\cal D})_{m,m'}^{-1}&=&
{1\over2}\left(\delta_{m,m'}+\delta_{m,m'+1}e^{2i\zeta_{m}}\right).
\end{eqnarray}
\end{mathletters}
It is therefore immediate to find
\begin{mathletters}
\begin{eqnarray}
(T_+)_{m,m'}&=&\delta_{m,m'+1}e^{2i\zeta_{m}},\\
(T_-)_{m,m'}&=&\delta_{m+1,m'}e^{-2i\zeta_{m'}},
\end{eqnarray}\label{solution}
\end{mathletters}
$\!\!\!\!\!\!$ which
simply says that the $+$ ($-$) chirality fermions move on the
light-cone
to the right (left), acquiring a phase proportional to the vector
potential. Solution (\ref{solution}) directly implies the chiral
anomaly
in the Schwinger model, as shown in \cite{qed}.

To compute the vector and axial-vector anomalies in $(3+1)$
dimensions,
we will find it useful to expand $T$ in powers of
the
temporal lattice spacing $h$ (but not in the spatial lattice spacing
$\Delta$).
This leads to a very simple form for the transfer matrix:
\begin{equation}
T=1+h\left[-i\mu\gamma^0+{2\over\Delta}\gamma^0
\bbox{\gamma\cdot{\cal D}}
\right]+h^2\left[-{\mu^2\over2}+{2\over\Delta^2}{\cal
D}^2+{2i\over\Delta^2}
\bbox{\sigma\cdot({\cal D}\times{\cal
D}})\right]+O(h^3).
\end{equation}

On the lattice the gauge-invariant current is written in terms
of the all-averaged field
$\Psi$,
\begin{equation}
\Psi_{{\bf m}, n}=\psi_{\overline{\bf m},
\overline{n}}={1\over2}(\phi_{{\bf m},n+1}+\phi_{{\bf
m},n}),
\end{equation}
rather than the canonical field $\phi$.
That is, the current is
\begin{equation}
J^\mu_{{\bf m},n}=e\Psi_{{\bf
m},n}^\dagger\gamma^0\gamma^\mu\Psi_{{\bf m},n}^{\vphantom{\dagger}}
={e\over4}[\phi^\dagger_{n}(1+T^\dagger_n)]_{\bf m}
\gamma^0\gamma^\mu[(1+T^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_n)
\phi^{\vphantom{\dagger}}_n]_{\bf m}.
\label{current}
\end{equation}
(For a discussion of why this choice of current is
used, see the Appendix.)
In the absence of interactions it is easy to show that
\begin{equation}
\langle\text{``}\partial_\mu
J^\mu\text{''}\rangle=0,
\end{equation}
where the quotation marks signify a finite-element lattice
divergence.
At the initial time $n=0$ we introduce the momentum expansion
(\ref{fourier}), and compute the expectation value in the
corresponding Fock-space vacuum.
 If we use the expression for
the current
in (\ref{current}) and keep only terms of $O(h)$, we find
\begin{equation}
\langle J^\mu_{\overline{\bf m},1}\rangle=
\langle J^\mu_{\overline{\bf m},0}\rangle-\sum_{\bf m'}{h\over\Delta}
\langle\phi^\dagger_{{\bf m}',0}\gamma^0\bbox{\gamma}\cdot{1\over2}
(\bbox{\cal D}_{(0)}+\bbox{\cal D}_{(1)})^{\vphantom{\dagger}}
_{\bf m',m}\gamma^0\gamma^\mu
\phi^{\vphantom{dagger}}_{{\bf m},0}\rangle+\text{h.c.}
\end{equation}
Thus, to leading order in $h$, the vacuum expectation value of the
divergence of the current is (averaging in ${\bf m}$ is implicit)
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle\hbox{``}\partial_\mu J^\mu\hbox{''}\rangle&=&{\langle
J^0_{\overline{\bf m},1}\rangle
-\langle J^0_{\overline{\bf m},0}\rangle\over h}\nonumber\\
&=&-{2e\over\Delta L^3}\sum_{\bf m'}\sum_{\bf p}{\tilde p_j\over
\omega}
\sin [p_j(m_j'-m_j)2\pi/M]\tilde\alpha^{(j)}_{m_j,m'_j},
\label{vectoranomaly}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $\tilde\alpha=-\text{Im}\, {\cal D}$.
Not only is this not zero, it is not gauge invariant, for under a
gauge transformation,
\begin{equation}
\delta {\cal D}_{m_j,m'_j}^j=ie(\delta\Omega_{m_j}-\delta\Omega_{m'_j})
{\cal D}_{m_j,m'_j}^j.
\end{equation}
This seems to be a conundrum, because the current was explicitly
constructed to be gauge invariant.  The resolution lies in the
recognition that since the canonical field $\phi$ is
covariant under time-independent gauge transformations,
\begin{equation}
\delta\phi_{{\bf m},n}=ie\delta\Omega_{\bf m}\phi_{{\bf m},n},
\end{equation}
 the states created by that operator must transform likewise.  That
is, we require
\begin{equation}
\delta\langle\phi^\dagger_{m_j}\phi^{\vphantom\dagger}_{m_j'}\rangle
=ie(\delta\Omega_{m_j'}-\delta\Omega_{m_j})\langle
\phi^\dagger_{m_j}\phi^{\vphantom\dagger}_{m_j'}\rangle.
\end{equation}
This suggests we supply the following factor in computing the
vacuum expectation values:
\begin{equation}
\langle
\phi^\dagger_{m_j}\phi^{\vphantom\dagger}_{m_j'}\rangle\to
\exp(i\hat\zeta_{m_j,m_j'}\epsilon_{m_j,m_j'})
\langle
\phi^\dagger_{m_j}\phi^{\vphantom\dagger}_{m_j'}\rangle,
\end{equation}
because
\begin{equation}
\delta\hat\zeta_{m_j,m_j'}=e(\delta\Omega_{m_j}-\delta\Omega_{m_j'})
\epsilon_{m_j',m_j}.
\end{equation}
Then, the derivative operator that occurs in (\ref{vectoranomaly})
becomes
\begin{equation}
-\text{Im}\,e^{i\hat\zeta_{m_j,m_j'}\epsilon_{m_j,m_j'}}
{\cal D}^j_{m_j,m_j'}=0,
\end{equation}
since the term with $m_j=m_j'$ does not contribute.

  In the next order in $h$ it appears that a nontrivial contribution
could emerge.
It is the following gauge-invariant structure (here only the the leading
term in $\Delta A$ is written down):
\begin{equation}
\langle\hbox{``}\partial_\mu J^\mu\hbox{''}\rangle\propto
-{2eh\over\Delta^5}
M\sum_i{\zeta^{(i)}}^2.
\end{equation}
This is a nonlocal term without a continuum analogue, because its
gauge invariance depends on the periodic boundary conditions on the
spatial lattice. However, to this order, since $A_{{\bf m},1}=A_{
{\bf m},0}+O(h)$, a simple inspection shows that the coefficient of this
term is zero.

The axial current is defined just as in (\ref{current}) with the
additional
factor  of $i\gamma_5$.
We compute the divergence analogously to (\ref{vectoranomaly}),
except here the first apparently nonzero term is $O(h^2)$:
\begin{eqnarray}
\langle\text{``}\partial_\mu J_5^\mu\text{''}\rangle&=&{\langle
J^0_{5,\overline{\bf m},1}\rangle
-\langle J^0_{5,\overline{\bf m},0}\rangle\over h}\nonumber\\
&\propto& -{2eh\over\Delta^2 L^3}\sum_{\bf m',m''}\sum_{\bf p}{\tilde p_j
\over\omega}\epsilon_{jkl}
\sin [p_j(m_j'-m_j'')2\pi/M]
\tilde\alpha^{(k)}_{m^{\vphantom{\prime}}_k,m'_k}
\tilde\alpha^{(l)}_{m^{\vphantom{\prime\prime}}_l,m''_l}.
\label{axialanomaly}
\end{eqnarray}
Because of the diagonal property of $\cal D$ in the perpendicular
coordinates [see (\ref{eq:d})], (\ref{axialanomaly}) is zero.
So, to $O(h)$ both the vector and axial-vector currents
are nonanomalous.  This may be a bit surprising since when $h=\Delta$
an axial-vector anomaly emerges in $(1+1)$ dimensions.  We are presently
trying to understand
  this state of affairs by carrying out
 an exact calculation with $h=\Delta$
in $(3+1)$ dimensions.

\section{Anomalous Current Commutators}
\label{sec:4}
It is extremely interesting to compute commutators of the current
defined
by (\ref{current}), and compare with the anomalous commutators in the
continuum\cite{Schwinger,BJL}:
\begin{equation}
\langle[J^0(0,{\bf x}),{\bf J}(0)]\rangle=iS\bbox{\nabla}\delta({\bf
x})
+{id}\bbox{\nabla}\nabla^2\delta({\bf x}),
\end{equation}
where $S$ is the quadratically divergent Schwinger term, and
$d=1/12\pi^2$
for the
Bjorken-Johnson-Low regularization.
Straightfoward evaluation of the current-current commutators on the
lattice
requires use of the transfer matrix $T$ for the free Dirac field:
\begin{eqnarray}
T&=&\left({i\gamma^0\over h}+{\bbox{\gamma}
\cdot{\bf t}\over\Delta}-{\mu\over2}\right)^{-1}
\left({i\gamma^0\over h}-{\bbox{\gamma}
\cdot{\bf t}\over\Delta}+{\mu\over2}\right)\nonumber\\
&=&\left(1+{\mu^2h^2\over4}+{h^2\over\Delta^2}t^2\right)^{-1}
\left(1-{\mu^2h^2\over4}
-{h^2\over\Delta^2}t^2
+{2h\over\Delta}i\gamma^0\bbox{\gamma}\cdot{\bf t}
-\mu hi\gamma^0\right),
\label{tmatrix}
\end{eqnarray}
where
${\bf t}={\bf t}_{\bf p}$ is given by (\ref{tp}).
The result is the following expression for a hypercubic lattice,
$h=\Delta$:
\begin{equation}
\langle[J^0_{{\bf m},n},J^j_{{\bf m'},n}]\rangle
=-{4e^2\over (M\Delta)^6}\sum_{\bf k,k'}
{\tan(\pi k'_j/M)\over(1+(\Delta\omega_{\bf
k-k'}/2)^2)(1+(\Delta\omega_{\bf k'}
/2)^2)(\Delta\omega_{\bf k'}/2)}e^{2\pi i{\bf
k\cdot(m-m')}/M}.
\label{comm}
\end{equation}
This matrix (in $\bf m$ and $\bf m'$) is shown for lattice size $M=9$
and mass $\mu=0$ in Fig.\ \ref{fig1}.
The abscissas of the plot correspond to one-dimensional
representations of the
three components of $\bf m$ and $\bf m'$, respectively.  (That is,
the base-$M$ number $(m_1,m_2,m_3)$ is converted to a base-10 value
of the
abscissa.)  It is apparent that the leading-order behavior of this
commutator is a first derivative of the delta function, as expected.

To make this comparison quantitative, we fit this result to the
functional
form expected in the continuum.  The lattice analog of the Dirac
delta function is
\begin{equation}
\delta({\bf x})\approx{1\over\Delta^3}\delta_{\bf m,0}={1\over
(M\Delta)^3}
\sum_{\bf k}e^{2\pi i{\bf k\cdot m}/M},
\end{equation}
so we take as a trial function
\begin{equation}
-e^2{1\over(M\Delta)^3}{2\pi i\over M\Delta}\sum_{r=0}^R
a_{2r+1}P_r(\Delta)(-1)^r\left({2\pi\over M\Delta}\right)^{2r}
\sum_{\bf k} k_jk^{2r}
e^{2\pi i{\bf k\cdot (m-m')}/M}.
\label{fit}
\end{equation}
When $\mu=0$,
the coefficients $a$ do not depend on the lattice spacing $\Delta$;
they
will presumably remain finite in the continuum limit, $\Delta\to0$.
The functions $P_r(\Delta)$ are inserted to force each term in the
series
to be of the same order in $\Delta$ as the commutator (\ref{comm}),
namely
$1/\Delta^6$:
\begin{equation}
P_r(\Delta)=\Delta^{2r-2}.
\end{equation}
 Therefore, in the continuum
limit, the first term in the series (\ref{fit}) will be quadratically
divergent,
the second will be finite, and the rest will vanish, as expected.

To perform the fit, the problem is first converted from a
three-dimensional
 to a two-dimensional
representation.  (This is necessary because the generation of
three-dimensional plots
is impractical beyond $M=9$ and three-dimensional
 fits are prone to difficulties.)
Specifically, a plot such as Fig.\ \ref{fig1} is projected
onto a plane orthogonal to the $m$, $m'$ plane and to the diagonal of
the
matrix.    The resulting
curve
is then fit to a similar projection of (\ref{fit}).
  In Fig.\ \ref{fig4} we show the results for the
coefficients
of a  fit including only the first three odd derivatives
of the lattice delta function
(that is, for $R=2$ in (\ref{fit}))
 for various lattice sizes.
The coefficient of the first derivative is roughly consistent with
the
Schwinger
result\cite{Schwinger}. Similarly, the result for the
coefficient of the third derivative term in the commutator is in
approximate agreement with the
agreement with the BJL  result \cite{BJL}; but seems to be closer
to that of Chanowitz \cite{chanowitz}.
It is not surprising that the results are regularization dependent,
given the divergent nature of the commutator.
A more detailed discussion of this calculation will appear elsewhere
\cite{miller}.

\section{Loop Calculation. Schwinger Model}
\label{sec:5}

It is illuminating to calculate physical quantities such as the
magnetic
moment or the axial-vector anomaly by doing perturbation theory on
the lattice.
That is, we calculate quantities such as vacuum polarization by using
weak-coupling perturbation theory together with the
lattice propagators
 given in (\ref{diracgreen}) and (\ref{photongreen}).
We illustrate this idea in the simple context
of the
Schwinger model, two-dimensional QED.  (An analogous calculation in
four
dimensions of both the axial-vector anomaly and the anomalous
magnetic
moment is in progress.)

We begin by discussing the Schwinger model  ($d=2$ electrodynamics)
in the continuum.
To calculate the anomaly it is essential to work with massive QED$_2$
and then take the massless limit to avoid infrared singularities.
The vacuum polarization is then
\begin{equation}
\Pi^{\mu\nu} = ie^2 \int {d^2p\over (2\pi)^2}
{{\rm tr} \left(\gamma^\mu ({p \kern -.50em /}-{k \kern -.50em
/}-\mu) \gamma^\nu
({p \kern -.50em /}-\mu)\right)
\over ((p-k)^2+\mu^2)(p^2+\mu^2)}.
\end{equation}
We require that $\Pi^{\mu\nu}$  be transverse:
\begin{equation}
\Pi^{\mu\nu} = \Pi(k^2)(g_{\mu\nu}-{k_\mu k_\nu \over k^2}).
\end{equation}
Contracting on the indices gives
\begin{equation}
\Pi(k^2) = -ie^2 \int {d^2p\over (2\pi)^2} {4\mu^2 \over
 ((p-k)^2+\mu^2)(p^2+\mu^2)},
\label{vp}
\end{equation}
which is easily expressed using Feynman parameters as
\begin{equation}
\Pi(k^2)=-{e^2\over \pi}\int_0^1 dx{\mu^2\over
x(x-1)k^2+\mu^2}.
\end{equation}
  For the $\mu\ne0$ theory, we require that $\Pi(0)=0$.  This implies
the presence of a subtraction constant $e^2/\pi$, which for the
$\mu=0$
theory is the square of the boson mass, or the anomaly.
Rather than introduce a Feynman parameter we could obtain this result
by setting $k=0$ in (\ref{vp}) and performing the
momentum integration explicitly.  We have, then, for the unsubtracted
vacuum polarization
\begin{equation}
\Pi(k=0)= -i{e^2\over (2\pi)^2}\int dp_0 \,dp_1
{4\mu^2\over (p_0^2-p_1^2 -\mu^2 +i\epsilon)^2}
= -{e^2 \mu^2\over \pi}\int^\infty_0 dp_1 {1\over
(p_1^2+\mu^2)^{3\over 2}},
\end{equation}
which again gives the usual result, $\Pi(0)=-e^2/\pi$.

We now describe the analogous calculation in the finite-element
lattice
framework.  The lowest-order vacuum polarization is given by
 the time-ordered products
of currents,
\begin{equation}
\Pi^{\mu\nu}_{m,n;m',n'} = i\langle J^\mu_{m,n} J^\nu_{m',n'} \rangle
             = ie^2\langle {\overline\Psi}_{m,n}\gamma^\mu \Psi_{m,n}
                       {\overline\Psi}_{m',n'}
\gamma^\nu \Psi_{m',n'} \rangle,
\end{equation}
where the gauge invariant electromagnetic current is given by
 (\ref{current}).
Using the lattice Green's function (\ref{diracgreen})
and the transfer matrix (\ref{tmatrix}),
we find
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\qquad\Pi^{\mu\nu}_{m,n;m',n'}=
ie^2\left({ h\over L 4\pi}\right)^2 \sum_{{ p}_1}\sum_{ p_2}
\int_0^{2\pi/h}\int_0^{2\pi/h}d{\hat\Omega}_1d{\hat\Omega}_2
e^{ih{\hat\Omega}_1(n-n')}e^{-ih{\hat\Omega}_2(n-n')}\nonumber\\
&&\quad\times
e^{-i{ p}_1({ m}- { m'})2\pi/M}
e^{i{ p}_2({ m}- { m'})2\pi/M}
 {\rm tr}\big[ \gamma^{\mu}{{\cal P}}_1
\left(\gamma^0 \sin(h{\hat\Omega}_1) +(\mu-{\gamma}
\tilde{ p}_1)h\cos^2(h\hat\Omega_1/2)\right)\nonumber\\
&&\quad\times
\overline{\cal P}_1 \gamma^{\nu} {{\cal P}}_2
\left(\gamma^0 \sin(h{\hat\Omega}_2) +(\mu-{\gamma}
\tilde{ p}_2)h\cos^2(h\hat\Omega_2/2)\right)
\overline{\cal P}_2  \big]\nonumber\\
&&\quad\times{1\over(\cos{h(\Omega_1-i\epsilon)}-\cos{h\hat\Omega_1)}
(\cos{h(\Omega_2-i\epsilon)}-\cos{h\hat\Omega_2)}},
\end{eqnarray}
 where ${\cal P}=(1+T)/2$ and $\overline{\cal P}=\gamma^0{\cal
P}^\dagger
\gamma^0$.
We now perform a lattice Fourier transform:
\begin{equation}
\Pi^{\mu\nu}(q,\omega)
=
\Delta\sum_{m=1}^M\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty{2\over{\omega}}\sin{\omega
h\over2}
e^{-ih\omega (n-n')}
e^{i{ q}{(m-m')}2\pi/M}
\Pi^{\mu\nu}_{ m,n;m',n'}.
\end{equation}
Note that
\begin{equation}
\sum_{m=1}^M e^{i{ q}{ m}2\pi/M}= M\delta_{ q,0}
\quad{\rm and}\quad
\sum_{n=-\infty}^\infty e^{-ih\omega n} = 2\pi \delta(h\omega),\quad
-\pi<h\omega\le\pi.
\end{equation}
Upon contracting with $g_{\mu\nu}$ we find for the vacuum
polarization
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\qquad\Pi(q,\omega)=-ie^2\left({ h\over L 4\pi}\right)^2 2\pi
\Delta M
\left({2\over h{\omega}}\sin{\omega h\over2}\right)
\nonumber \\
&&\times\sum_{{ p}_2}\int_0^{2\pi/h}{d{\hat\Omega}_2\,
16\nu^2 r^2 \cos^2(h\hat\Omega_1/2) \cos^2(h\hat\Omega_2/2) \over
(\cos{h(\Omega_1-i\epsilon)}-\cos{h\hat\Omega_1)}
(\cos{h(\Omega_2-i\epsilon)}-\cos{h\hat\Omega_2)}}\nonumber\\
&&\qquad\times{1\over(1+r^2\nu^2+r^2t_1^2) (1+r^2\nu^2+r^2t_2^2)},
\end{eqnarray}
where $\nu = {1\over2}\mu\Delta$ and $r=h/\Delta$ and where, in the
trace,
we recall that $\gamma^\lambda\gamma^\alpha\gamma_\lambda=0$ in two
dimensions.
Here we understand that $\hat\Omega_1 = \omega+\hat\Omega_2$
and ${t}_1 = {t}_{p_1}={t}_{q+p_2}$.
The integral over $\hat\Omega_2$ can now be done to yield, when
${t}_q=\omega=0$,
\begin{equation}
\Pi(0,0)=
-{e^2\over \pi}\sum_{{ p}_2}4\pi{r^3\over M}
{\nu^2 \cos^4{h\Omega_2/2} \over (1+r^2\nu^2+r^2t_2^2)^2}
{\cos{h\Omega_2}\over\sin^3{h\Omega_2}}
\left(1-{4\sin^2h\Omega_2/2\over
\cos h\Omega_2}\right).
\label{sum}
\end{equation}
For zero external momentum, $\Omega_1=\Omega_2$,
where
\begin{equation}
h\Omega_2 = 2\tan^{-1}(r(t^2_2+\nu^2)^{1\over2}).
\end{equation}

We perform the momentum sum in (\ref{sum})
 for various values of the lattice size $M$,
mass parameter $\nu$, and ratio of temporal and spatial  lattice
spacing $r$.
The parameter $\nu$ is constrained by $M^{-1}\ll\nu\ll1$.
Figure \ref{fig5} is a graph of the sum for $M=2533$ versus $\nu$.
Plotted
are
curves with $r= 0.1$, $0.75$, $0.99$.  The first two cases stay close
to $1$ for a significant range of $\nu$, and
only for $r = 0.99$ does the value drop significantly below $1$.
Note
that
for very small $\nu$ the sum diverges, as one expects for
$\nu\sim M^{-1}$.  This feature is shown more explicitly in Fig.\
\ref{fig6},
that is a plot for $r = 0.1$ for lattice sizes $1105\le M\le3145$,
with
increasing endpoint for decreasing lattice size.  For smaller
lattices,
the curve turns up for larger $\nu$, as the limit of the domain of
validity of the lattice calculation is reached.

More detailed analysis shows that, as a function of $r$,
$-\Pi(0,0)/(e^2/\pi)$
is on the average unity, but is very noisy, with wild fluctuations
around 1.  For small $r$,
fluctuations are greatly diminished, but for $r\sim1$
and for various
values of the input parameters, $h\Omega_2$ can get very close to
$\pi$ and make a few terms in the sum very large. (One might think
that  the desired value of $r$ is $r\sim1$, the case of a
hypercubic lattice; as noted in Sec. \ref{sec:3}
the anomaly in the Schwinger model has previously been calculated
with the finite element lattice technique with $r=1$.)
  This question of stability is also under intense scrutiny.

\section{Conclusions}
\label{concl}
This paper is a report of recent progress in our finite-element
program as applied to electrodynamics.  More complete treatments
of the analyses of the last two sections will appear elsewhere
\cite{miller,sb}.  Our immediate goal in QED remains the extraction
of a nonperturbative value for the anomalous moment of the electron.

Of course, our real interest lies in non-Abelian theories.  Our
first task there is to complete the formulation in four dimensions
\cite{nagt,singapore}.  This should be accomplished in the next few
months.  Then we can apply this approach to theories such as QCD.

\acknowledgments
We thank the U.S. Department of Energy for financial support.
DM thanks the U.S. Department of Education for support.  KAM thanks
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory for its hospitality while
 some of the work reported
here was done.  He also thanks Tai Wu for useful conversations.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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losing her Mom had set her back plenty, and I had to try to make up that lost time. When t published a pseudonymous woman's account of a difficult encounter with Aziz Ansari that made her cry, the internet exploded with "takes" arguing that the #MeToo movement had finally gone too far. Back in the 17th century, the conventional wisdom was that women were the ones with the rampant, undisciplined sexual appetites. Has Hayley ever mentioned Elaine Evans and Rachel Rosenberg? 8/23/18, the Endgame for Trump Comes Into View. It means as much for America as it does for her campaign that she muster courage and leadership in the slog to 2016. 9/18/12 Romney's Bubble Bursts Mitt reveals himself to be a callous man who doesn't know how Americans live. What the heck had we done wrong to deserve being split up like this? 6/28/18, rot on the Right, Green Shoots on the Left.
I laughed down the line. There is more of this story.
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HOW ABOUT A GATLINBURG, TN ADVENTURE?


Cutters Studios has promoted Marian Oliver to editor. The announcement was made today by managing director/partner Craig Duncan and managing editor Grant Gustafson.
Oliver began her career in client services at Red Car Chicago in 2009. After earning her degree from Columbia College Chicago, she joined Cutters in 2012 as an assistant editor, where she has honed her craft alongside some of world's premier talents working in and beyond the advertising industry. As one of the company's busiest and most sought-after rising stars, her most recent projects include campaigns for Meijer, Hallmark, Southwest Airlines, Kiwi, Abbott, belVita, Chamberlain, RetailMeNot and Triscuit.
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"The support and leadership at Cutters is unparalleled in my experience, and I have had the opportunity to learn from some of the world's top editors here," Oliver said. "The nurturing, family-like atmosphere here has allowed me to grow into who I am today, which I am exceedingly grateful for. I am so excited for this next step and more chances to make this company proud."
An enthusiastic member of the highly respected Free the Bid database of women in the creative industry, Oliver is also a passionate photographer who travels as often as possible in search of the perfect light.


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Home > News > Landmark Chambers strengthens leading Property practice with the arrival of Evie Barden
Landmark Chambers strengthens leading Property practice with the arrival of Evie Barden
Landmark Chambers, specialists in planning, environmental, property, and public law, is pleased to announce the arrival into the property team of Evie Barden.
Evie was called in 2014. Her practice encompasses the full range of property litigation along with a particular specialism in insolvency law. She has appeared regularly in the High Court, the County Court and the First Tier Tribunal. Evie is also on the Attorney General's C Panel of Junior Counsel to the Crown.
Evie is a frequent contributor to Estates Gazette and Practical Law Company on property related topics. She is also a member of the Chancery Bar Association, Property Bar Association and the Agricultural Lawyers Association.
Head of Landmark's Property Team, David Holland QC, said
"We are delighted to welcome Evie to the Property team. Her expertise will be invaluable as we continue to expand and strengthen our practice. The addition of Evie, along with other members over the past few years, takes Landmark's property offering from strength to strength."
Commenting on the appointment, Chief Executive, Paul Newhall said,
"Evie's arrival brings a further boost to Landmark's highly regarded property practice. Our award-winning team is now extremely well placed to service our clients' needs across the full spectrum of Property Litigation."
About Landmark Chambers:
With 96 barristers, of whom 36 are QCs, Landmark Chambers is ranked as a leading set by the top legal directories in its four main areas of practice. Working throughout the UK, Europe and internationally, Landmark's members are renowned for their unique expertise, and Chambers for its modern, diverse, and innovative approach to practice.


text:
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Recap & Photos | G.O.O.D. Music Kicks Off Red Bull Music Festival's 'Opening Night' in Chicago
G.O.O.D. Music – Red Bull Music Festival 2018 (Chicago)
Last night, Red Bull Music kicked off the Chicago edition of the Red Bull Music Festival with the Hip Hop collective/record label known as G.O.O.D. Music.
If you've been living under a rock and not too familiar with the assembled group of brash and hard-hitting artists – G.O.O.D. Music (Getting Out Our Dreams) was created by Chicago native and polarizing recording artist Kanye West in 2004. As a collective, G.O.O.D. Music has had a rich history of affiliates. On this chilly night in Downtown Chicago, the best of the best from the label would be showcased.
Originally doors to the Wintrust Arena were to open at 7pm, with the show set to begin at 8pm, however plans didn't go as scheduled, and show kicked off at 9pm. As the show went on, fans continued to pack the arena. Before the show began, inspiring MCs could seize the opportunity to spit a quick 16 bars or freestyle in the Red Bull Swift 16 Booth. As with concerts, those who rush to be first at the guardrail tend to lose energy halfway through the show, this wouldn't be a problem as Red Bull had assistants on deck giving out cans of Red Bull to quench the thirst of members of general admission.
The stage design had a minimalistic look and feel, completed with a ramp and stairs, plus a large screen background. This was the perfect set design for G.O.O.D. Music as the label has always been known for their minimalist approach to production. Throughout the event, the large screen would display eye-catching visuals for each performer.
It should be noted that Sheck Wes did not perform as he tweeted that he was ill.
Kicking off the night was 070 Shake (who seemed to be a bit under the weather) performing the "Violent Crimes" and "Ghost Town", two tracks from Kanye West's 8th album 'ye', in which she had a huge presence on. The crowd seemed to be into it as Shake went into the chorus of Ghost Town – and just like that, the next performer hit the stage. Valee casually walked on stage to the tune of his track "Womp, Womp". The standout moment of his performance was Valee's hypeman taking over the show – he would run all across the stage, recite all of Valee's lyrics into the mic, plus was only 1 of 2 people who actually utilize the ramp, the other being Teyana Taylor's dancers.
Next up was Desiigner who rushed onto stage who immediately caused a controlled chaos with an almost 8 minute mix of "Father Stretch My Hand Pt 2" that went directly into his 2015 smash hit "Panda". Hands down, Desiigner brought the energy to the Opening Night of the Red Bull Music Festival. Throughout his set, Desiigner would continuously toss water on the audience (throwing water on the crowd was played out in 2016) and instruct them to make a mosh pit. His set came to close with a crazy performance of the yet to be officially released "Over Seas", featuring Lil Pump.
Teyana Taylor would grace the stage next, rocking the highly coveted Yeezy Red Octobers. Taylor's performance would include milly rocking during performance of tracks from her recently released KTSE album and also a quick performance of "Dark Fantasy". Siking Chicago out after what was to believed to be her last song, Teyana rushed back on stage to perform "Rose in Harlem". Teyana's energy during this song had the whole Wintrust Arena vibing and singing along.
Red Bull Music Festival (Chicago)
Fresh off the jet from ComplexCon in Los Angeles, The President of G.O.O.D. Music, Pusha T, wasted no time hitting the Chicago crowd with "If You Know, You Know". From the start, Chicago showed appreciation for King Push's lyrical skills. The "Daytona Experience" was alive and well in the Windy City as Pusha went through select tracks from his latest album, Daytona, which was named the Best Rap Album of 2018 by Def Jam. Surprising everyone in attendance, Pusha T closed his set with his verse from 2011's "Don't Like (Remix)".
To close out the evening was the legendary Nas. Nas entered the stage to a standing ovation from the crowd as he went straight into "Adam & Eve" from his recently released 12th studio album Nasir. Just as Pusha T did with his set, Nas would also rap his lyrics without assistance from backing vocals, it was just the instrumental. It's always a great sight to see when a MC takes its craft seriously and remembers their lyrics and doesn't have to rely on the full song playing in the background.
Nas performance wouldn't only include Nasir tracks, but Nas Escobar would deal out some fan-service performing some of his classics including "If I Ruled The World", "Made You Look", and "Hate Me Now". Nas took a moment to speak to audience, thanking Chicago for the love and reminiscing shooting music videos in the old neighborhood that was once Cabrini Green. Before the show concluded, Nas performed an intense performance of "One Mic", which in turn saw the entire arena recite every word.
The Red Bull Music Festival continues all through November in Chicago.
Check out photos from the Opening Night of the Red Bull Music Festival with G.O.O.D. Music.
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text:
Bury that 'Bangsamoro' nonsense, it is an affront to the Republic
WHILE President Rodrigo Duterte had initially been supportive of the past Yellow Regime's so-called "Bangsamoro Basic Law," he said in a speech last month: "I do not think it will hurdle constitutional objections. Binabasa ko paulit-ulit… there are clear constitutional barriers."
He is right, and I'm glad that unlike past presidents, this President isn't that kind of egoist who refuses to change his mind, even in the light of better analysis and data.
The BBL is patently unconstitutional. The term is even a misnomer, as it was never passed into law. Former President Aquino 3rd's attempt to railroad it into law was derailed because of public outrage against the Muslim insurgents who massacred 44 of the elite Special Forces soldiers in Mamasapano in 2015.
The Constitution's Article X, Section 1 very categorically specifies that "the territorial and political subdivisions of the Republic of the Philippines are the provinces, cities, municipalities and barangays (as well as the) autonomous regions in Muslim Mindanao and the Cordilleras as hereinafter provided." No other kind of political entities , such as the "Bangsamoro" as defined in the BBL, are allowed.
Its Section 15 then specifies that these autonomous regions must be set up "within the framework of this Constitution and the national sovereignty as well as territorial integrity of the Republic of the Philippines."
By no stretch of language could the "Bangsamoro" as described in the BBL be interpreted as the "Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao."
A sub-state
The late senator Miriam Defensor-Santiago, who was the chair of the Senate's Senate committee on constitutional amendments and the country's foremost expert on the Constitution, saw through the Aquino administration's deceptions over the BBL.
She claimed that the BBL aimed to create a sub-state that would be co-equal with the national government and in clear violation of the Constitution. "Changing its name doesn't make it constitutional," she said.
The BBL in fact is replete with at least 10 provisions that violate the Constitution, experts on constitutional law have pointed out.
One that would even be dangerous to the Republic's security—and keep intact the Muslim insurgent's armed force—is that the BBL provides for the creation of a Bangsamoro Police, formed from the MILF's army, under the Bangsamoro government. Our Constitution, however, categorically provides that there can be "only one police force, which shall be national in scope and civilian in character, to be administered and controlled by a national police commission."
With BBL, he thought he had the Nobel in the bag.
Even if the Constitution is amended to change our form of government to a federal system, the BBL will violate such new Constitution for one major reason: The Republic in any form cannot allow another state to be on equal level with it, or within a state, which the very concept of "Bangsamoro" presumes.
To even use the term "Bangsamoro" in a law and to designate a state-within-a-state is not only an affront to the Republic. It is plain stupid, borne out of ignorance of the Philippine Muslims' history.
The term was not used even in the 1976 Tripoli Agreement, which the then powerful Libyan strongman, Muammar Gaddafi, arm-twisted the Marcos government into signing. The agreement called the entity to be set up only as "Autonomy in Southern Philippines," changed in the 1987 Constitution to "Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao."
Moro state
"Bangsamoro"—meaning the "Moro state"—is a term invented by the Malaysian-trained leaders of the Moro National Liberation (MNLF). It mimicked the "Bangsa Malaysia" slogan in that country in the 1970s, and defiantly used what had been the Spanish and US colonizers' pejorative term for the Muslims in Mindanao – "Moro", a term derived by the Spaniards from the much-hated Muslim Moors that conquered the Iberian Peninsula in the 9th century. The term "basic law," in reality refers to the "Constitution" that will establish the Bangsamoro.
The insistence of the Moro Islamic Liberation Front – which broke away from the MNLF to become the biggest Muslim insurgent group – to use the term "Bangsamoro" for the political entity it wants set up reveals their real intent: To create a separate Moro state.
It is astonishing that the MILF very nearly got the Republic—if not for the Mamasapano massacre—to enact a "Bangsamoro Basic Law."
That it has been able to do so is a demonstration of the the Yellow Cult's tremendous political and media power at the time. The Philippine Daily Inquirer, for instance, cheered Aquino for each of the steps he made to advance the BBL, and downplayed the criticisms against it, especially by then Sen. Ferdinand Marcos, Jr. who headed the Senate committee that studied it.
There were two major reasons why Aquino and his camp moved heaven and earth in its attempt to pass the BBL, which reveals this gang's willingness to sacrifice the integrity of the Republic just to further its selfish interests.
First, Aquino had come to believe that if he passed the BBL, which was the main demand of the MILF to sign a peace pact with him, he, together with his closest officials on this issue—his adviser on the peace process, Teresita Quintos-Deles and chief negotiator Miriam Coronel-Ferrer—would win the Nobel Peace Prize.
It was MILF cadres as well as Deles and Ferrer who convinced him that this goal could be achieved, which explains why he even broke protocol and met with its top leaders in Tokyo a year after he assumed office.
Second, the Yellow gang had calculated that passage of the BBL, and the consequent full support of the MILF would be a key strategy to ensure the victory of its presidential candidate in 2016, Mar Roxas.
In the 2010 elections, vice-presidential candidate Roxas lost to rival Jejomar Binay in the provinces that would form the Bangsamoro—or those in the Autonomous Region for Muslim Mindan. Binay got a huge 474,309 votes in this region; Roxas got only a third of that.
The Yellows calculated that if ARMM goes all out for Roxas, which it would do with the help (and arms) of the MILF and the passage of the BBL, the 720,000 votes for him in that region would push him to victory.
Some P10 billion in funds raised through the Disbursement Acceleration Plan (DAP) scheme was given to political leaders in the ARMM, ostensibly to undertake "peace projects" but which were in reality bribes for their support in the 2016 elections.
The Yellows of course could not have foreseen that the Mamasapano massacre would make passing of the BBL impossible, and a candidate from Mindanao would become so popular even in the Muslim areas that no amount of computer-assisted electoral cheating could create votes for Roxas. (It did though for their vice-presidential bet Leni Robredo.)
That candidate, Duterte, should bury BBL once and for all, and seek another way to get the MILF to lay down their arms and join the Republic.
Yes, Senate must investigate how Aquino, Trillanes and Del Rosario lost Panatag
Did Ninoy torpedo the Marcos economy to sink it?
Aquino govt's P38B passport-printing contract: The biggest case of corruption ever?


LiveBooth v2 has been released as an update on the App Store with significant improvements and new features.
For the first time on any iPad social sharing kiosk you can now sync from Dropbox as your Photo Source in the app. This is a great alternative to the Photo Stream method that we've demonstrated in blogs and on videos. Dropbox syncs over local area networks for lightning fast sync speeds! It does require an internet connect to know when to sync but the actual transfer of files takes place directly over your Wi-Fi. This gives you a new way to configure your setup and connect with your other software applications to make your photo booth work exactly how you want.
To use Dropbox, just go into Settings and set the Photo Source to Dropbox. If your images are in a subdirectory, you can just type the subdirectory into the "Album, Shared Stream or Dropbox Path" text field using forward slashes for each subdirectory (e.g. "MyFolder/MyImages"). If you leave it blank it will display photos from your root Dropbox directory by default. When you open LiveBooth, you will be prompted to log in to your Dropbox account.
Plus, we've fixed bugs! Having a problem? It's probably fixed. For example, the app now remembers the last printer used so users do not have to choose.
The update is free to anyone who has already purchased the app, and if you've been thinking about buying LiveBooth, there's never been a better time!
Note that LiveBooth Lite has already been updated but does not include Dropbox syncing or 5″ by 7″ prints, these new features are only available in the full version of LiveBooth.