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Invisibility physics: can charged particles self-oscillate?
Posted on May 31, 2009	by skullsinthestars
Time to return to my long-delayed series of posts on the history of invisibility physics! The first two posts were:
Acceleration without radiation (1910), describing Ehrenfest's arguments suggesting acceleration without radiation could be possible,
Schott's radiationless orbits (1933), describing G.A. Schott's analytical demonstration that a charged spherical shell could move in a periodic orbit without producing radiation.
Our next stop in the study of invisibility physics is a pair of results, one by G.A. Schott in 1937 and another by D. Bohm and M. Weinstein in 1948, in both of which it is suggested that under the right circumstances, not only can an extended charged particle oscillate without radiating, but that it can also oscillate under the influence of its own electromagnetic field, without the application of an external force!
It is worth mentioning again the basic ideas behind these 'radiationless orbits', thanks to my long invisibility hiatus. It is well understood in the physics community that accelerating point charges, such as the electron, will produce radiation. This is the basis of radio transmitters, which use oscillating electrical currents to produce radio waves, and it also results in high-energy radiation being emitted from particle accelerators such as the synchrotron at Fermilab, a process known as synchrotron radiation.
In the early days of atomic physics, before the structure of the atom was well-understood, the radiation of accelerating charges posed a bit of a theoretical problem. It was generally accepted that electrons were present in the atom, and moving about, but it seemed that such electrons would have to radiate away all of their energy almost immediately. This was especially a problem for nucleo-planetary models of the atom, in which electrons were thought to orbit around a central, positive nucleus.
In 1910, Ehrenfest demonstrated that, classically, one could construct extended (i.e. non-point) oscillating charge distributions which do not produce radiation. Very shortly afterwards, however, Bohr produced his quantum model of the atom which seemed to make the question rather superfluous: Bohr's result suggested that the behavior of the atom fell outside of classical physics. In other words, the old rules of acceleration and radiation did not necessarily apply.
Some scientists were not ready to accept this new, rather mysterious, quantum theory of the atom nor give up on a classical explanation. The most prominent of these was G.A. Schott, who I have described previously as the last of the respectable 'anti-quantum' scientists. In 1933, Schott published a remarkable calculation, in which he demonstrated that a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius , undergoing periodic motion of period , will not produce radiation if the following condition is satisfied:
where is an integer (1,2,3,…), and is the speed of light.
A slowed-down movie of such a system might appear as follows:
Schott's result is a beautiful and complicated piece of mathematics. He himself, however, realized that it could not supplant the quantum theory at that point, which was quite firmly established. However, the neutron had been discovered only a year before, and Schott suggested that his sphere might be part of a model of the neutron.
For the next forty years, in fact, this would be the general pattern of research into radiationless motions: a new researcher would rediscover and expand upon the theory of radiationless motions. Then, reasoning that the theory is so elegant and unusual that it must be able to explain something in nature, the researcher suggests it as an explanation of the physics mystery du jour!
The next researcher to make a significant contribution to the theory (not including Schott, again, who we will return to shortly) was none other than the remarkable quantum physicist David Bohm, together with his Princeton co-author M. Weinstein, in 1948. Bohm and Weinstein1 made the remarkable observation that "certain charge distributions can oscillate without radiation even when no forces are present, other than their own retarded fields."
In other words, in Schott's original paper, the charged sphere was implicitly assumed to be kept in its orbital motion by an external force. Bohm and Weinstein demonstrate quite generally that one can construct charge distributions that will oscillate on their own, being kept in their oscillation only by their own local electromagnetic fields!
This observation is the application of a branch of classical electromagnetic theory known as radiation reaction. The idea is simple enough: because a charged particle produces its own electromagnetic field, when the particle is in motion it 'runs into' its own field, and can be affected by it. In macroscopic (day-to-day) electromagnetic interactions the radiation reaction is typically a negligible effect, but it can in principle be large for subatomic particles. Initial calculations of radiation reaction, however, were plagued with seemingly impossible solutions, including "runaway solutions" (in which a particle accelerates without limit only under the influence of its own field) and "non-causal solutions" (in which a particle starts moving before an electromagnetic field reaches it). These problems were part of the initial impetus that made researchers consider "extended electron theories", in which the electron is treated as an extended charged object instead of a point particle.
Schott himself had in fact already shown in an earlier series of papers 2,3 that self-oscillations were possible; however, his calculations were restricted to a spherical shell of charge, as in his earlier papers. Schott found that the spherical shell could oscillate without external forces, but had one rather serious caveat: the result only holds if the sphere has no material mass (referred to as 'intrinsic mass').
This was not such an odd idea at the time as it might appear. It had been noted as early as 1881 that it is more difficult to move a charged particle than an uncharged particle, which can be equated with an 'electromagnetic mass' associated with the electromagnetic energy of the particle. Some scientists went so far as to suggest that all mass might be the result of the electromagnetic energy of a particle. Such electromagnetic mass was still being discussed in 1933 by no less an esteemed scientist than Max Born4. Schott's spherical shell of charge could in principle oscillate without external forces, if its entire mass was of the electromagnetic type.
Bohm and Weinstein made Schott's results more palatable by showing that, if one considers charge distributions more general than a spherical shell, it is possible to find 'self-oscillating' modes even when the intrinsic mass is nonzero.
Bohm and Weinstein give due credit to Schott's work; it is unclear, though, whether they extended his research after discovering his original papers, or whether they rediscovered radiationless orbits and later found Schott's work. It is also worth noting that Schott managed to add spin to his radiationless calculations; i.e. he showed that a radiationless particle could be both spinning on its axis as well as orbiting around a central point.
To understand how a particle might be able to self-oscillate, I like to think of the charge distribution and the electromagnetic field as forming a two-body system which can orbit or vibrate around one another. This can only work, however, if the electromagnetic field is localized, i.e. does not radiate. This is (very crudely) illustrated below:
Can such self-oscillating charge distributions actually exist? Though the mathematics is rigorous, it is still limited by a number of unrealistic assumptions:
The calculations do not take into account relativistic effects, though the velocities that arise in the theoretical calculations are fast enough to make such effects significant.
The charge distribution itself is assumed to be perfectly rigid, which is inconsistent with Einstein's theory of special relativity. To see this, imagine a very long, infinitely rigid pole which cannot bend or compress. If one were to push one end of the pole, the other end would have to move instantaneously; by special relativity, however, we know that such impulses cannot move faster than the speed of light.
The model used to describe the oscillating charge distribution does not use any quantum mechanical effects, which would be very important if the distribution were an elementary particle.
It is safe to say that the question of radiationless, self-oscillating charge distributions is still quite an open one!
Like Schott and Ehrenfest before them, Bohm and Weinstein thought that these phenomena might shed light on as-yet unexplained fundamental physics:
The idea then suggests itself that perhaps some kinds of mesons are really excited states of the electron. The decay from one kind of meson to another, or from meson to electron would then correspond simply to the loss of this excitation energy. The exact values of the energy are probably not very significant, first, because they depend on the shape assumed for the charge distribution, and second, because the theory given thus far is not relativistically invariant. The essential point of this work is simply to suggest that the same step which makes the theory finite can also bring in the idea of unifying a whole spectrum of particles into a single particle.
This idea did not pan out, as mesons were instead found to be a combination of more elementary particles, namely quarks. However, it would still not be the last time that a researcher would suggest that nonradiating sources might have a role in fundamental fields of physics.
There is a bit of a sad historical note associated with the timing of Bohm's paper. Shortly after its publication, in 1949, Bohm was called before the House Committee on Un-American Activities because of his previous ties to Communism. He was arrested and, though exonerated later, lost his post at Princeton and left the United States.
It seems that McCarthyism ended Bohm's investigations into radiationless motions, though he would still make major contributions to physics: in 1959, he jointly discovered the Aharonov-Bohm effect. Fortunately, Bohm would not be the last to study these strange objects, as we will see in future posts.
1 D. Bohm and M. Weinstein, "The self-oscillations of a charged particle," Phys. Rev. 74 (1948), 1789-1798.
2 G.A. Schott, "The general motion of a spinning uniformly and rigidly electrified sphere, III," 159 (1937), 548-570.
3 G.A. Schott, "Uniform circular motion with invariable normal spin of a rigidly and uniformly electrified sphere, IV," 159 (1937), 570-591.
4 M. Born and L. Infeld, "Electromagnetic mass," Nature 132 (1933), 970.
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5 Responses to Invisibility physics: can charged particles self-oscillate?
Wade Walker says:
I love finding out this sort of thing, because it really adds depth to what they teach us in school. In my semiconductor physics class, they just glanced over the whole topic, saying "if the atom were classical, the electrons would radiate their kinetic energy away and spiral into the nucleus". Which is true, but there are many fascinating ideas behind that reasoning, as you've pointed out. In our textbook those ideas didn't even rate an asterisk.
On the subject of self-oscillating charge distributions (and the difficulty of treating them mathematically without unrealistic assumptions), I've actually seen some numerical simulations of the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation and the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation that show some similar behaviors. Perhaps if they had had greater computing power back in the thirties they could have explored these sorts of classical models more fully without some of the assumptions.
Wade: Yeah, in principle radiationless excitations exist for pretty much any wave equation with a source term, so it wouldn't surprise me to see similar behaviors in quantum systems!
"Perhaps if they had had greater computing power back in the thirties they could have explored these sorts of classical models more fully…"
I consider these radiationless motions a somewhat big "what if…?" of physics: if the idea had been proposed much earlier, it seems like it could have become a serious contender for explaining atomic structure.
Hmm… that makes me think about Kelvin's vortex ring atomic model from the mid-1800s in a slightly new light. Since his proposed fluid was inviscid and incompressible, I guess his vortices couldn't radiate, so his type of classical atoms wouldn't have had the "radiative death spiral" problem.
His theory had other conceptual problems though, like the question of how atoms could interact at long range with finite propagation speed in an incompressible medium (essentially the same special relativity problem you mentioned above).
Kelvin's model would have seemed even more relevant if experimental particle physics had been around in his time. The pair creation/annihilation of vortices and their discrete nature cries out for some sort of atomistic interpretation. I'm planning to discuss in a future post some more. I've also got to dig up the references for Kelvin's model…


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Malware attacks targeting Ukraine government
Jan 15, 2022 | Tom Burt - Corporate Vice President, Customer Security & Trust
Today, we're sharing that we've observed destructive malware in systems belonging to several Ukrainian government agencies and organizations that work closely with the Ukrainian government. The malware is disguised as ransomware but, if activated by the attacker, would render the infected computer system inoperable. We're sharing this information to help others in the cybersecurity community look out for and defend against these attacks.
At this time, we have not identified notable overlap between the unique characteristics of the group behind these attacks and groups we've traditionally tracked but we continue to analyze the activity.
The organizations affected by this malware include government agencies that provide critical executive branch or emergency response functions and an IT firm that manages websites for public and private sector clients, including government agencies whose websites were recently defaced.
The Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center (MSTIC) has published a technical blog post detailing Microsoft's ongoing investigation and how the security community can detect and defend against this malware. We have also notified each of the impacted organizations we have identified so far, partnered with other cybersecurity providers to share what we know, and notified appropriate government agencies in the United States and elsewhere. It is possible more organizations have been infected with this malware and the number of impacted organizations could grow. We will continue to work with the cybersecurity community to identify and assist targets and victims.
We first detected this malware on January 13 2022. We have already built and deployed protections for this malware into Microsoft 365 Defender Endpoint Detection (EDR) and Anti-virus (AV) protections wherever these products are deployed, both on-premises and in the cloud. We see no indication so far that these attacks utilize any vulnerability in Microsoft products and services.
Tags: cyberattacks, cybercrime, cybersecurity, malware, Microsoft Threat Intelligence Center, MSTIC

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Q: Display Each Setting Section In Each Specific Tab within Same Page || Settings API as everyone knows, when we want to display some setting section in some specific page, normally we must pass to it the slug-name of the page where we want to dispay it . it work 100% , but the problem that i faced is that when i wanted to work in just one Theme Page Option with Tabbed Navigation , i tried to follow the core rules so i did that to create two section and separate them with tabbed navigation in order to not interfere with the nonces . That's My Code .
        // These Are The registering settings for the Fields .
        register_setting( 'busymarket-header-settings', 'busymarkets-breadcrumb-setting' );
        register_setting( 'busymarket-footer-settings', 'busymarkets-main-footer-setting' );
        register_setting( 'busymarket-footer-settings', 'busymarkets-left-btm-footer-setting' );
        register_setting( 'busymarket-footer-settings', 'busymarkets-right-btm-footer-setting' );

        $active_tab = 'header_options';
        if ( isset( $_GET[ 'tab' ] ) ) {
            if ( $_GET[ 'tab' ] == 'header_options' ) {
                $active_tab = 'header_options';
            } else if ( $_GET[ 'tab' ] == 'footer_options' ) {
                $active_tab = 'footer_options';
            }
        }

            <a href="<?php echo admin_url( '?page=busymarkets-theme-panel&tab=header_options' ); ?>" class="nav-tab<?php echo $active_tab == 'header_options' ? ' nav-tab-active' : ''; ?>">Header Options
            <a href="<?php echo admin_url( '?page=busymarkets-theme-panel&tab=footer_options' ); ?>" class="nav-tab<?php echo $active_tab == 'footer_options' ? ' nav-tab-active' : ''; ?>">Footer Options

        // The 'busymarket-header-settings' is The Option Group For The Header option .
        // The 'busymarket-footer-settings' is The Option Group For The Footer option .
        if ( $active_tab == 'footer_options' ) {
            // Footer Settings Registering .
            settings_fields( 'busymarket-footer-settings' );
            do_settings_sections( 'busymarkets-theme-panel' );

        } else if ( $active_tab == 'header_options' ) {
            // Footer Settings Registering .
            settings_fields( 'busymarket-header-settings' );
            do_settings_sections( 'busymarkets-theme-panel' );
        }

        submit_button();

The problem here is that actually the function do_settings_sections() Accepts the slug-name of the page where we want to output the section fields , and the fact that i'm using tab navigation i did a conditional code as you see below to not interfere with nonces and only display one section setting for every tab , But it didn't work .
I saw in a lot of tutorials that some developers work with a specific slug-name far from the slug-name of the page , whichever tab i click , i see the same section field , nothing happen and nothing changes .
So please, is there any solution to get thsi stuff work properly ?

A: Incase anyone stumbles across this, I recently encountered the same issue and was able to render the differnet using do_setting_fields( $page, $section ) instead of do_settings_sections( $page ).
As per the settings api, do_settings_sections prints out all settings sections added to a particular settings page, whilst do_settings_fields prints out the settings fields for a particular settings section.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


The BRENTWOOD LV offers a bit of modern styling with a clean-face design and smooth refractory-lined interior panels. Some features of the BRENTWOOD LV wood fireplace are: an airtight combustion chamber to deliver maximum efficiency, a double air combustion feature to provide dual controls to customize heating using both the main control and air boost to vary heat output and faster wood ignition. The BRENTWOOD LV has a maximum output of 55,000 BTUs/hr, burn times as long as 8 hours, and a heating capacity up to 1,500 sq.ft. using the optional blower kit. Additional options available for the BRENTWOOD LV are: a clean face panel kit, door finishes in 24K gold plate, black painted, or brushed nickel, a gravity vent kit, and a blower kit.


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NBC CONTACT US FR
Blue at First Glance
Bleu de bleu is an immersive art installation by Alain Paiement that lines a stretch of highway leading from the Montreal airport to the outskirts of the city.
Designed to evoke the shores of the St. Lawrence River, the work of art—lit by blue lights—pulses and adapts to the changing cityscape that surrounds it.
Bleu de bleu was designed to celebrate Montreal's 375th anniversary and is an initiative of National Bank and key partners.
Journey through a sea of blue that changes rhythmically with the moving landscape.
A few fun facts about Bleu de bleu
> 8 km — The distance spanned by Bleu de bleu from the Montreal airport to 1re Avenue.
> 200 km/h — Wind speed of the aircraft engines used to test the art installation's sturdiness.
> 400 reflective panels installed along the highway.
> 4,000 concrete anchors needed to keep the electric cables in place.
> 83 light fixtures ranging from 17 to 22 feet in height that only use the same amount of energy as 3 standard highway lampposts.
> 2,850 meters of reflective sheeting.
> 12,000 feet of cable to power the installation with electricity.
> 2,500 litres of paint used to decorate the sound walls.
> 1,000 hours of work over 4 months.
> Meditative and minimalist electro music (from Ólafur Arnalds and Nils Frahm), as well as raga, jazz and classical music were all sources of inspiration for the artist.
Immersive art installation
Bleu de bleu is an immersive art installation for those travelling along the stretch of highway leading from the Montreal airport to the outskirts of the city. Drivers will be immersed in a sea of blue that changes rhythmically with the moving landscape. More than just a representation of time passing, it evokes and mirrors Montrealers' own journey through time and space.
Blue is an uplifting colour that surrounds us in our day-to-day. It's also the colour that lines Montreal's airport runway. Steeped in symbolism and meaning, blue is also the colour of the sky and ocean, a colour associated with the North, the Quebec flag, and the Montreal–Trudeau Airport.
Stretches of the highway are lit by LED light columns softly pulsating a pure blue light.
The work of art is a nod to its surroundings, like the white demarcation lines on the road, and the motifs found on the noise barriers and highway structures. Light columns, arranged vertically and horizontally, give rhythm to the cityscape, as well as to the various elements of the surrounding architecture and highway, such as lampposts, pillars and guardrails.
Along the length of the installation, this sea of blue acts like the soundwaves it was inspired by—and comes alive by transposing sounds emanating from soothing and rhythmic beats, hymns and melodies.
Curious to see?
Use your virtual reality mask to travel with Bleu de Bleu or copy this link in your Chrome browser to live the 360◦ experience online.
Alain Paiement: A renowned Quebec artist
With prior experience in painting, photography, installation, and architecture, the multi-talented Alain Paiement was the perfect candidate for a work of this calibre. It's for these reasons that the selection committee chose the renowned multidisciplinary artist's proposal.
Born in 1960 in Montreal, Alain Paiement has taught at the University of Ottawa and various universities in Quebec. Paiement took part in the Power of the City/City of Power exhibition in New York in 1992, the Mois de la Photographie in Paris in 1996, the Third Annual International Photo Biennale in Tokyo in 1999, the Tomorrow Forever, Photography as Ruin exhibition in Krems, Austria in 1998, and the ARCOmadrid in 2004 and 2005.
More recently, he took part in the Alice in Wonderland exhibitions in Turku, Finland and in Cadiz, Spain, and in the Lost in Landscape exhibit at the Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art in Trento, Italy. He was appointed as Brussels' Ambassador of Culture in 1999, and received the Graff Award in 1997 and the Louis-Comtois Prize in 2002.
Several key players supported the transformation of this stretch of highway, notably the City of Montreal, the ministère des Transports, de la Mobilité durable et de l'Électrification des transports, Aéroports de Montréal, the Musée d'Art Contemporain de Montréal and the boroughs of Lachine and Sud-Ouest. The project was rigorously assessed through a feasibility study and managed by a decisional and operational committee at every step of the process. Today, it makes a lasting contribution to Montreal's creative heritage.
Upon the recommendation of Montreal's Bureau d'Art Public, a selection committee was appointed by Louise Déry, Director of the Galerie de l'Université du Québec à Montréal.
> Louise Déry, Director of the Galerie de l'Université du Québec à Montréal
> John Zeppetelli, Director and Chief Curator at the Musée d'Art Contemporain de Montréal
> Sandra Chartrand, President of the Fondation Sandra et Alain Bouchard
> Phyllis Lambert, Founding Director Emeritus of the Canadian Centre for Architecture
> Stéphane La Rue, Artist
> Louis Vachon, President and CEO of National Bank of Canada
Sponsors and private partners.
National Bank is grateful to the many sponsors and private partners for their financial support of this important legacy to the city. Through their alliance with Bleu de bleu, they are contributing to raising Montreal's profile as a cultural metropolis on the world stage.
Fondation Lise & Richard Fortin
Fondation Sandra & Alain Bouchard
Walter J. Somers Foundation
Énergir
Jean-Pierre Léger
Louis Vachon
What is Bleu de bleu ?
Bleu de bleu is an art installation created at the initiative of National Bank to celebrate Montreal's 375th anniversary. The piece transforms the stretch of highway connecting the airport to downtown with the panache associated with Montreal. It's estimated that some 290,000 commuters travel along this stretch of highway every day, and that more than 13 million people travel through the airport yearly.
Who financed Bleu de bleu?
Bleu de bleu is fully financed by private partners and local patrons of the arts who believe in raising Montreal's profile on the world stage through creative endeavours and the development of its tourism and economic sectors.
Why is National Bank investing in the arts?
National Bank has always had its heart set on developing a sense of pride in Montreal's cultural heritage. With more than 7,000 original works of art, the National Bank Collection is one of the largest corporate art collections in Canada.
Why was this noise barrier chosen?
With the help of a series of key partners (MTQ, the City of Montreal, boroughs), a study was conducted to determine the feasibility of the project, with a review of constraints, obstacles in place, and solutions to revamp the stretch of highway between Downtown Montreal and the airport.
How long will the art installation be around for?
Bleu de bleu will be in place for approximately five years.
What will happen after five years?
The installation will be dismantled. The Musée d'art contemporain de Montréal will work to preserve the conceptual aspect and artistic process as it acquires the installation.
© NATIONAL BANK OF CANADA. All rights reserved 2017. Any reproduction in whole or in part without prior written consent of National Bank of Canada is strictly prohibited.


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Wilson Kohlbrecher (* 9. November 1918 in Hannover; † 1. September 1972) war ein deutscher Boxer.

Werdegang

Amateurlaufbahn

Wilson Kohlbrecher erhielt seinen Vornamen nach dem amerikanischen Präsidenten Woodrow Wilson. Er begann als Jugendlicher mit dem Boxen. Er wurde niedersächsischer Meister 1940 und 1941 bei den Senioren im Schwergewicht und trat im gleichen Jahr auch bei Vergleichskämpfen zwischen Bayern und Niedersachsen in Erscheinung, als er gegen den mehrfachen bayerischen Meister und deutschen Vizemeister Fischer aus Nürnberg einmal unentschieden boxte und zweimal nur knapp nach Punkten verlor. Bei den deutschen Meisterschaften 1941 siegte er im Viertelfinale über Fischer nach Punkten, unterlag aber im Halbfinale gegen den Olympiasieger von 1936 Herbert Runge nach Punkten.

1942 besiegte Wilson Kohlbrecher in einem Länderkampf in Stettin den schwedischen Schwergewichtler A. Lundell durch K. o. in der 2. Runde.

Bei der deutschen Meisterschaft 1943 unterlag er im Halbfinale erneut gegen Herbert Runge nach Punkten. In einem Vergleichkampf Berlin gegen Niedersachsen am 18. September 1943 musste Wilson Kohlbrecher von Hans-Joachim Drägestein eine K.-o.-Niederlage in der 2. Runde einstecken.

Profilaufbahn

Wilson Kohlbrecher, inzwischen in Osnabrück ansässig, wurde 1947 Berufsboxer. Seinen ersten Kampf bestritt er am 15. September 1947 in Hamburg gegen den Aachener Jean Kreitz, der damals zu den besten deutschen Berufsboxern im Schwergewicht zählte und gewann nach Punkten. Auch seine nächsten vier Kämpfe gewann er, ehe er am 3. Januar 1948 in Hamburg von Richard Vogt über 10 Runden nach Punkten geschlagen wurde. Am 2. Februar 1948 gelang ihm aber endlich ein Sieg über Herbert Runge, den er in Hamburg nach Punkten besiegte. Er konnte sich am 4. April 1948 in Hamburg auch an Hans-Joachim Drägestein revanchieren und ihn nach zehn Runden nach Punkten besiegen. Am 24. September 1948 musste er aber einen schweren Rückschlag hinnehmen, als er gegen den Altmeister Walter Neusel durch K. o. in der 9. Runde verlor. Gegen Neusel verlor er am 1. April 1949 auch die Revanche, dieses Mal aber nur nach Punkten.

Durch einen Sieg über Richard Grupe am 26. Dezember 1949 in Berlin erkämpfte sich Wilson Kohlbrecher das Herausforderungsrecht für einen Kampf gegen den deutschen Meister Hein ten Hoff. Er war in jenen Jahren in der deutschen Schwergewichtsszene die Nr. 3 hinter Hein ten Hoff und Heinz Neuhaus und stand in der europäischen Rangliste auf Platz 5. Der Kampf um die deutsche Meisterschaft gegen Hein ten Hoff fand am 30. Juli 1950 in Berlin statt und endete mit einem K.-o.-Sieg von Hein ten Hoff in der 2. Runde. In der Folgezeit boxte Wilson Kohlbrecher gegen viele schwere Gegner. Siege und Niederlagen hielten sich dabei die Waage. Er gewann über den US-Amerikaner Al Hoosman nach Punkten und kämpfte gegen den österreichischen Titelaspiranten Kurt Schiegl am 7. Oktober 1950 unentschieden. Am 16. März 1951 schlug er den französischen Meister Stefan Olek in der 2. Runde k. o. und verlor am 27. Oktober 1951 gegen Ex-Europameister Karel Sys in Brüssel durch K. o. in der 6. Runde.

Am 2. November 1952 erhielt Wilson Kohlbrecher die Chance in Dortmund gegen Heinz Neuhaus um die Europameisterschaft zu boxen. Er konnte diese aber nicht nutzen, denn er verlor durch K. o. in der 4. Runde. Nach dieser Niederlage kämpfte Wilson Kohlbrecher nur noch fünfmal, war aber immer noch gut genug, die junge deutsche Schwergewichtshoffnung Werner Wiegand am 16. Mai 1954 in Essen in der 8. Runde durch technischen K. o. zu besiegen.

Wilson Kohlbrecher wurde nach seiner Boxerlaufbahn Berufsringer (Catcher) und kämpfte dabei vor allem in den Vereinigten Staaten. Er ist bereits 1972 im Alter von nur 53 Jahren verstorben.

Literatur
 Fachzeitschrift Box Sport aus den Jahren 1950 bis 1956

Weblinks

Deutscher
Boxer (Deutschland)
Geboren 1918
Gestorben 1972
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Far Cry fans are no strangers to visiting exotic locales, but New Dawn's vibrant post-apocalyptic setting promised to introduce some drastic changes to the aging series. While the neon-hued flora and mutated fauna successfully shake up the landscape, the superficial progression changes and formulaic story do little to accentuate this new coat of paint.
If you're a longtime fan who is simply looking for more Far Cry, let me save you some time: New Dawn delivers all of the enemy-laden outposts, gory stealth kills, manic co-op, and compulsive item collecting that you're used to, and the gunplay is still rock-solid. This entry is still fun, but if you're looking for a game that moves the formula forward in interesting ways, New Dawn's changes rack up more misses than hits.
Set nearly two decades after the collapse of society that was prophesized by Far Cry 5 antagonist Joseph Seed, New Dawn focuses on a handful of survivors trying to rebuild a community in a makeshift base called Prosperity. Unfortunately, Prosperity's success quickly garners the unwanted attention of twin sisters Mickey and Lou, who control Hope County with an army of appropriately post-apocalyptic misfits. Your job, as a good Samaritan with impeccable marksman skills, is a familiar one: wrestle control of the region back, one outpost and side activity at a time.
Far Cry narratives have had their ups and downs over the years, but New Dawn's story just feels creatively bankrupt. Unlike previous Far Cry antagonists, Mickey and Lou are irredeemably one-dimensional, their Very Bad personalities hinging on a solitary anecdote from their childhoods. Their delivery is equally formulaic – you can expect the usual philosophical monologuing (though mercifully less frequent than Far Cry 5), the random displays of "shocking" violence in cutscenes, and the post-mission radio taunts that are never really explained how or why you're hearing them.
New Dawn's story missions also feel overly familiar, and at times downright perfunctory. The gunner seat sequence, the hallucination sequence, the arena fight sequence – they are all here, and provoke little more than a sense of déjà vu. Thankfully, the majority of your time is still spent exploring the world and taking down outposts, which remains a challenging and satisfying hook that propels along the experience, as do some memorable side missions. It is a testament to the series' strong backbone that even without a lot of new bells and whistles, I still enjoyed the majority of my time with New Dawn.
This was also true of one new addition to the familiar side activities, expeditions. These discrete side missions ferry you off to smaller locations to nab a bag of valuable resources. Functionally, expeditions begin like outpost takeovers but end with a mad dash to an extraction point with hordes of enemies on your tail. They are a solid addition to the Far Cry formula, and I appreciate the variety they offer. Both expeditions and outpost missions can now be reset at a higher difficulty level for more lucrative rewards. This introduces an intriguing push-your-luck element to replaying missions, but I wish the added challenge didn't just boil down to enemies with bigger HP bars and more shields.
New Dawn completely rejiggers the series' progression systems, but the changes end up being a wash. A new leveling system offers a few color-coded tiers of weapons and enemies, but the higher-level foes only sport more brawn, not brains – your best bet is still to pick them off with silenced shots or stealthy close-quarter takedowns. The new crafting system and base upgrades are a new way of serving up the same old unlocks: upgrade the garage to spawn new vehicles, upgrade the infirmary to increase your health, etc. The crafting system works fine, but the actual weapons and items you're crafting aren't particularly exciting.
This is doubly true for how New Dawn handles ability unlocks. Skill points are now doled out for specific challenges, like killing five enemies with a bow, distracting three guards with rocks, and hunting three deer. I enjoyed the open-ended nature that challenges provide, and they helped nudge me out of the usual gameplay rut by encouraging the use of different weapons. However, the actual abilities you can unlock are positively dismal, making you sink numerous points into mundane options like unlocking binoculars, increasing your breathing capacity, and the ability to repair vehicles. A few late-game perks offer some interesting twists, but are too little and come too late.
All of the progression changes in New Dawn feel like they serve a dark master: microtransactions, which are front and center in the crafting menu. Need more components to upgrade a weapon? Buy a components pack! Can't wait to unlock that fancy new car? Buy it with Far Cry coins instead! You can even buy extra skill points with money. The in-game economy is more dystopian than anything you find in New Dawn's irradiated landscape, and even though you can see and do everything the game has to offer with time and patience, the continual reminders that you can skip the grind for a few more bucks just feels gross.
The core formula of this series holds up, but New Dawn struggles to make worthwhile contributions to it. Beyond the expedition missions, little about New Dawn actually feels new, and the only interesting narrative threads are the tie-ins to Far Cry 5. When all the best parts of a new game are the old parts, it's hard to be excited about what comes next.


More than a dozen men were arrested on soliciting prostitution charges, including one man listed as a defensive tackle for Birmingham Iron, the city's new AAF team.
Okoye - listed on the Iron roster as a 6-foot-6, 311-pound defensive lineman from Croydon, England - has no college football experience. He is a former rugby player and track star, who finished 12th in the discus in the 2012 Summer Olympics. Okoye was signed by the San Francisco 49ers in 2013, but suffered a preseason injury, and he has since spent time on the practice squad with the Cardinals, Jets and Cowboys and has been on the roster and later cut by the Bears and Dolphins.
"We have just been made aware of the incident. We are still in the process of gathering facts," Julie Nelson, director of team communications for the Birmingham Iron, wrote in an email.
Operation Close Out, Round 3 took place Wednesday in northern Shelby County. Commander Capt. Clay Hammac described the operation as an undercover reverse prostitution sting.
"The motivation behind these efforts is to demonstrate a zero-tolerance for criminal solicitation and to aggressively attack the demand for these types of enterprises, which is often rooted in human trafficking and drug trafficking,'' Hammac has previously said about Operation Close Out.
Similar operations were carried out in Shelby County in September and October, which led to the arrests of 20 men.
Also arrested during the operation was 39-year-old Jude Christopher Burke of Louisiana. He was not charged with soliciting prostitution, but was charged with unlawful distribution of a controlled substance – LSD – as well as unlawful possession of marijuana and drug paraphernalia.


You can set one and only one of the expiry arguments: is_expdate or is_expduration.
When setting the is_expdate argument, the expiry date is absolute. The new expiry date will be set to the date your specified regardless of the previous value.
When setting the is_expduration argument, the expiry date is incremental. The new expiry date will be set to the previous value plus the new duration.
How to get customer information for a license key?


Motorcycles will be racing as planned tomorrow at the CTECH Manufacturing Motorplex. The only thing to question will be how this picture will look, how much rain we get, and if we can use the off-road section.
Gates open at 7am. Bikes on track at 8am.


In the Triathlon school you will master the art of putting the three very different disciplines of swimming, cycling and running, into one sport. Triathlon is one of the fastest growing endurance sports and with our expert help you can complete and compete in some of the best triathlon events around the world! It's pretty simple: just swim, bike, run! But it can be life changing!
Our training programs have a clear goal: to provide you with a solid foundation from which to start, or further develop and enhance your triathlon journey. Setting a clear goal is the best way to begin and progress in this sport and we can help you do that. A clear goal is much easier to visualize and measure, making it easier to focus upon and maintain motivation levels.
The program is built around providing a solid introduction and development of the various components of triathlon, individually as well as the interplay between them. Our coaches adopt an athlete centered approach underpinned by the key values of: athlete safety first and foremost, skill development, athlete uniqueness, self- awareness and a holistic perspective.
Our coaches are all highly experienced in triathlons, having all competed in multiple events in their respective home countries, internationally as well as being popular figures in the local triathlon scene here in the UAE. All have competed across the various distances of triathlons from super sprint all the way to Ironman and are highly knowledgeable on the key factors necessary to successfully complete and compete in a triathlon of any given distance.
New acquaintances and valuable connections are the reasons why many start doing sports. And it works! Shared impressions and worrying experiences during the start of an event strengthen any relationship.
During the program, you can undergo a scheduled medical examination and get an individual doctor's consultation. The doctor accompanies the students throughout the course.
We know that in the process of training you will have many questions, so we have made several communication channels - conveniently used to quickly find a solution.
Expert advice, announcements of events and cognitive materials. Once a month, without spam.
Preparing for the distances from 10km to full marathons.
Swimming is the best antistress. 8 swimming pools and professional coaches just for you.


Today's post is another outfit of the day one. I went and took a LOAD of photos of various outfits and pieces so that I had a good backlog to keep me going. The piece featured in this OOTD is this gorgeous velvet star print culotte jumpsuit from Glamorous.
One of Glamorous' version is a little different as it is any 10 random items for £20 including accessories. I was kind of dreading it thinking it was just going to be full of accessories but instead I received 7 pieces of clothing and 3 necklaces. This was just 1 of the 7 beautiful pieces I received (I will upload more outfits including those other pieces in the future).
It is a velvet material with these lovely little gold stars on it. It is super soft and comfortable to wear and I can see it fitting in well with my spring wardrobe with a jacket over the top. I will probably even use it as lounge wear at home too!
Let me know what you think of this jumpsuit in the comments below and what you would pair it with to make the perfect outfit.
I unfortunately couldn't find this piece on the website any more but please see below for some similar velvet jumpsuit suggestions.
Gorgeous! Denim jacket with white fur would look ace in my humble opinion. Lovely post!
Gorgeous star print jumpsuit! I'm a huge fan of overalls as they're easy to wear!


Bandsaws are effective for cutting unusual shapes or resawing lumber into thinner boards. They are also useful for smooth cuts on wood, plastic and metal. The key to excellent performance is choosing the correct bandsaw blade, which is categorized by teeth per inch (TPI), thickness, length, and width. Here's a deeper look at what you should focus on when selecting the right bandsaw blade for your needs.
The material of the stock and the type of cut you want to make are the most important factors in choosing the right bandsaw blade. Thin metals and plastics require a fine-toothed blade, while a coarse blade must be used for resawing thick wood. A typical coarse blade has 2 or 3 TPI, whereas a fine toothed blade has 18-32 TPI.
If you plan to cut curves, consider the blade width and the radius of cuts. Smaller bandsaw blade widths work best for small curves, while larger blade widths are more effective for large curves. Large blade widths are also effective for resawing or cutting straight lines. It's appropriate, for example, to use a 3/4 inch blade width to make a 5.5 inch radius cut, whereas a 1/8 inch blade width is more suitable for producing a 3/16 inch radius cut.
The desired effect of your cut is also important to take into consideration. For smoother cuts, you need a blade with higher TPI, whereas you'll need lower TPI for coarse cutting. For the straightest cuts, it's best to use wide bandsaw blades.
Keep in mind that ideal bandsaw blade sizes vary between machines, but generally, the size of bandsaw wheels determines optimal blade thickness and width. Smaller bandsaws with 12 inch or under wheels require thinner blades. Larger bandsaws are able to accommodate thicker and wider blades.
Bandsaw blades offer four different tooth configurations: regular, skip, hook, and variable. A regular tooth blade uses high TPI for smooth cuts. A skip tooth blade has a zero-degree rake angle with more widely spaced teeth, ideal for resawing. A hook tooth blade also features widely spaced teeth, and it has a ten-degree rake angle, which is useful for cutting harder wood. The variable tooth type of bandsaw blade has inconsistent spacing between teeth, which allows for more teeth than a regular or hook blade.
Whenever you switch bandsaw blades, you must reset the tracking, tension, and blade guides, which can take up to a half hour. After you've installed the blade, ensure that it doesn't vibrate. If it does, you will need to increase the tension.
If you dislike making these adjustments but want to perform a wide range of work, the most universal bandsaw blade is 3/8 inches with 4 TPI. This blade can even be used for resawing, though it's not practical for tight curves.
The user's manual, published by the manufacturer, is a vital resource for determining proper bandsaw blade length. If you have misplaced the manual, contact a the manufacturer and provide the model number of your saw.
Choosing the proper bandsaw blade for your needs will make a big difference in performance and final results. A bandsaw professional will help guide you toward choosing the best blade for a particular project. For more information about your bandsaw blade, contact Echols Saw and Supply at 602-278-3918. We are located in Phoenix, Arizona and can ship to just about anywhere.


It's Friday morning and I know you jumped out of bed, grabbed your device, headed straight for the site chomping at the bit to listen to this week's episode.
It's been a busy week on the home and work fronts, and this week's topic got a lot more interesting late in the week. The episode, which I guarantee you'll find interesting, will be fashionably late.
Have a great weekend and watch this space.


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Suzanne Amador Kane's office in the Koshland Integrated Natural Sciences Center includes a standing treadmill desk. Photo: Patrick Montero.
Campus Fly Over: Winter at Haverford
Our campus has 200 acres of award-winning architecture and landscaping; more than 50 academic, athletic and residential buildings; and a nationally recognized arboretum with 400 species of trees and shrubs, a 3.5-acre duck pond, gardens, and wooded areas.
Photo: Caleb Eckert '17
Haverford has more than 140 groups that publish magazines, host symposia, sing a cappella, discuss religion and spirituality, stay politically active, maintain a system of student self-government, dance, demonstrate, and create.
The Mainliners perform in Stokes Auditorium for their 2018 Fall Semester Show. Photo by Ruiming Li '22
Building on years of student interest stoked by a decade of classes in the discipline and the introduction of a Tri-Co minor in 2011, an innovative new Bi-Co environmental studies major launched this year, combining insights from biology, anthropology, literature, and more.
Chemistry major and environmental studies minor Alexandra Morrison '18 in the field in Alaska, analyzing a large oil residue sample that was released into the coastal environment in Prince William Sound following the 1964 earthquake. Photo: Helen White.
Haverford fields 23 varsity teams, and club and intramural options include badminton, crew, golf, soccer, Ultimate, volleyball, and rugby.
53% of our students are on varsity or club teams.
Cheer on the men's basketball team on Hoops 'N' Hoagies Night in the GIAC on Jan. 16, 2019 at 5 p.m. with free hoagies and beverages. Photo: Ryan Murray.
Through the Tri-College Consortium, Haverford, Bryn Mawr, and Swarthmore students take classes at all three schools and frequently collaborate on extracurricular activities.
The new Tri-Co Philly Program is a semester-long, non-residential program that provides students both curricular and co-curricular activities in nearby Philadelphia.
The urban setting of Philadelphia provides a sense of place to enhance the classroom experience, helping students learn firsthand how the material in the courses is informed by the environment around them.
COOL CLASSES: "Introduction to Latin Literature: Friends and Enemies of Rome"
"Introduction to Latin Literature: Friends and Enemies of Rome"
Taught by Associate Professor of Classics Bret Mulligan, this classics course investigates who the Romans were by studying how they described friendship and their friends, and those enemies who resisted, betrayed, and bedeviled them.
Students in Mulligan's class take on the role of Roman senators during a historical simulation. See what other courses the Department of Classics is offering this semester.
The Center for Peace and Global Citizenship
The Center for Peace and Global Citizenship grew out of faculty and student interests that emerged in the late 1990s. Since then, the Center has developed and expanded into a flourishing nexus of social responsibility, civic engagement, and global peace work, both on campus and in the greater community.
Alicia Lopez-Torres '20, Program Manager for Ethical Global Learning for the CPGC Stephanie Keene, and film director El Sawyer speak after a screening of Pull of Gravity, part of the CPGC Social Justice Film Series. Photo by Soha Saghir '21.
Our campus has 200 acres of award-winning architecture and landscaping; more than 50 academic, athletic, and residential buildings; and a nationally recognized arboretum with 400 species of trees and shrubs, a 3.5-acre duck pond, gardens, and wooded areas.
In his nearby Philadelphia studio, designer, craftsman, and woodworker Jayme Guokas '97 is working on two benches for the arboretum that are made from the wood of felled campus trees. Photo: Patrick Montero.
COOL CLASSES: "Caribe Queer: Sexualities and Narratives from the Hispanic Caribbean"
"Caribe Queer: Sexualities and Narratives from the Hispanic Caribbean"
Taught by Visiting Assistant Professor of Spanish Lina Martinez Hernandez, this course explores different narrative and artistic productions regarding alternative sexualities in the Hispanic Caribbean, starting with the Cuban Revolution and continuing into the present.
A class visit by Philadelphia Poet Laureate Raquel Salas Rivera (center, yellow sweater). Photo: Holden Blanco '17. See what other courses the Department of Spanish is offering this semester.


Would you like to see a really annoyed Gavin? Well watch Episode 38 right up to the end when they realise that Universal have revealed the name of the new Potter ride while they've been on air.
Also on Ep. 38 Abby talks about Disney, Universal and SeaWorld Parks plus we launch a Fun Spot competition.
To enter, simply find this image on our facebook page and pop your answer in the comments section.
Next OAT live is the 7th March, we'd love you to watch live.
OAT nominated for not one but.. TWO Travel Mole awards!!
It's been a good week here at OAT towers as we found out that we have been nominated for not one, but two Travel Mole awards!! Wooo!!
Last year we were honoured to be nominated for and win Holiday Miscellaneous and this year we are even more honoured to see that we have been nominated for an award based around social media!
We are over the moon to be nominated for both awards and would really, really, really appreciate it if you could click on both of the above and vote for us!
I just want to take the chance to thank Teresa for al her vlogs I'm going to miss waking up to tales of her adventures.
Revolution Off Road in the morning and WonderWorks in the afternoon. Check out her latest blog… please note my awesome editing.
Tomorrow she's off to SeaWorld and to watch her first basketball game.
Its day 2 and Teresa's been a busy beaver, today she visited the Orlando Eye, Madam Tussaud's, SeaLife, Fun Spot and Boddy Creek.
Our very own Teresa is out in Orlando at the moment being shown around some of the attractions that sometimes get over looked.
All this week she'll be checking in with us via her personal video blog and she'll be telling us about her day and reviewing the attractions she visited. Lets check out day 1.
Check back with us tomorrow for another Teresa Vlog.


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Try Out Pokémon Developer's HarmoKnight With A Nintendo eShop Demo
By Ishaan March 14, 2013
Nintendo 3DS eShop Update (US):
This week's Nintendo 3DS eShop update brings a demo for HarmoKnight, the upcoming rhythm platformer by Pokémon developer, Game Freak. Joining it is Mega Man 3 on the 3DS Virtual Console for $4.99. Meanwhile, Ketzal's Corridors, a 3D puzzle game, is on discount sale for $4.99.
Also available this week is a download version of Rayman Origins for $29.99. Next week, on March 19th, it will be joined by Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate, which will launch at retail and on the eShop on the same day.
Wii U eShop Update (US):
This week, the Wii U eShop gets two retail titles as downloads—Need for Speed: Most Wanted U and Lego City Undercover. On March 19th, the Wii U version of Monster Hunter 3 Ultimate will be made available for download alongside a retail release. Also available today is a demo for Chasing Aurora.
You can view this week's full U.S. Nintendo eShop update at this link.
Nintendo 3DS eShop Update (EU):
This week, Europe gets Viking Invasion 2 – Tower Defense on the 3DS eShop for €7.99/£6.99. Joining it is a puzzle game, Jewel Master Atlantis 3D for €4.99/£4.49. Meanwhile, Naruto Powerful Shippuden now has a demo in Europe.
Wii U eShop Update:
On the Wii U eShop, Chasing Aurora is being discounted by 50% until March 21st. At a discounted cost the game costs €5.99 (was €11.99) or £5.39 (was £10.79).
Rhythm Hunter: Harmo Knight
Ishaan
More in Nintendo 3DS
This Week in Sales: Kakarot Meets the New Dragon in Town
By Sato January 22, 2020 0
This Week in Sales: Nintendo Switch and Pokemon Sword & Shield Off to a Strong Start in 2020
Dragon Quest XI S' Most Popular Character Overseas Is Sylvando
By Alistair Wong January 10, 2020 0


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: The Use and Misuse of the King James Bible
by:Mark Ward
The King James Version has shaped the church, our worship, and our mother tongue for over 400 years. But what should we do with it today? The KJV beautifully rendered the Scriptures into the language of turn-of-the-seventeenth-century England. Even today the King James is the most widely read Bible in the United States. The rich cadence of its Elizabethan English is recognized even by non-Christians. But English has changed a great deal over the last... Show More
The King James Version has shaped the church, our worship, and our mother tongue for over 400 years. But what should we do with it today? The KJV beautifully rendered the Scriptures into the language of turn-of-the-seventeenth-century England. Even today the King James is the most widely read Bible in the United States. The rich cadence of its Elizabethan English is recognized even by non-Christians. But English has changed a great deal over the last 400 years?and in subtle ways that very few modern readers will recognize. In Authorized Mark L. Ward, Jr. shows what exclusive readers of the KJV are missing as they read God's word. In their introduction to the King James Bible, the translators tell us that Christians must "heare CHRIST speaking unto them in their mother tongue. " In Authorized Mark Ward builds a case for the KJV translators' view that English Bible translations should be readable by what they called "the very vulgar"?and what we would call "the man on the street. " Show Less
# of Pages 168
Format Trade Paper
Publish Date Jan. 24th, 2018
Publisher Zlexham Press


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Malte Mueller//Getty Images
Serendipity in the Time of the Coronavirus
Due to the pandemic, one writer was unable to say goodbye to a longtime friend before she passed. Despite the sorrow, she found a way to make peace with the loss.
By Amy Friedman Published: Apr 9, 2020
On the beaches of Cape Cod, Wellfleet, Massachusetts, in the 1970s, surrounded by surfer boys and girls and on baseball fields, and evenings in a spacious home 500 yards from the steep sand dunes of Newcomb Hollow Beach. In those days, before global warming was on our minds, before sharks swam close to shore and lifeguard stands flew shark-warning flags, in those days on Cape Cod everything felt salt-sprayed and sexy.
I was there in that beautiful house, sharing evening Martinis and morning omelets and afternoon swims in freshwater ponds with my best friend Rose, she who I will always remember as freckled and leggy and young, her long hair sun-bleached, and the boys — all of them muscular and tan and handsome — following her wherever she roamed. She was beautiful. She had a deep, hearty laugh. She was a tomboy and mermaid wrapped in one wondrous concoction. I loved Rose, forever. We met our sophomore year at Barnard College, both of us 19 years old, and we never stopped being girl pals. Oh, I was envious of her — of the ease she felt on those beaches and with all those boys, of her delicate complexion, of her famous dad and the glorious rose bushes her mom planted in the gardens of all their big houses.
I'm not sure I told her of my envy — probably not — but as the years passed, envy was superseded by gratitude and admiration. We moved from college on the east coast to Berkeley, California, landing there the day Nixon resigned, launching ourselves into a perfect hippie world — she painted, I wrote; we meditated, jogged, took peyote, traveled to Mexico, gossiped and partied and worked odd jobs and wandered Berkeley's hills, and always, in summer, returned to the Cape, to her family's home. We wept together when her brother died, far too young. We stayed connected, though sometimes too much time passed, and we lost track of each other. We each married and divorced and moved around— me back to New York, she to Bainbridge Island, then me to Ontario, Canada, and she stayed on the island. She became a nurse practitioner and healed people, and I became a writer, an editor, a teacher. Things happened. Lots of things.
Ponomariova_Maria//Getty Images
But I always and forever loved her, and one year ago in 2019, she was diagnosed with a glioblastoma, that hideous, aggressive cancer that begins its attack in the brain. She confessed she was afraid, but this was Rose, so she chose to fight, and her daughter fought right beside her, and so did her husband. Her daughter had a baby, and Rose wanted nothing more than to spend the time she had with that boy, so there she was, suddenly, living in Cleveland, Ohio — another serendipity because that's where so much of my family lived, had always lived, where I grew up, so I could visit and take her for walks while she could walk, and go out for ice cream and laugh and sit and talk, and stay close, and remember...everything.
As the years passed, envy was superseded by gratitude and admiration.
Months passed, and there we were, both of us, summertime and back on Cape Cod, August, and again we walked, she with a cane this time, hesitant, a little unhappy at this turn of things, but still with that throaty beautiful laugh, and still her skin freckled, and still her smile that lit up everything around her, and I kept thinking she might beat this thing, might live forever.
Winter came, and her daughter called to tell me Rose could no longer talk, no longer type. No phone calls or texting, so I asked, "Can I visit?"
"I think she'd like that," Virginia said.
And then late winter, Virginia said, "We've had to move her into a home…" and I asked about a good time to visit. "After her sister leaves, later in March," she said.
I planned the trip for the end of March, because I couldn't imagine saying goodbye to Rose, but I also couldn't imagine not saying goodbye.
In early March, a friend in LA suggested I attend a leadership retreat where seven leaders of varying businesses would share ideas, inspiration, and support. She thought it would rejuvenate me; she knew I had felt depleted, though she didn't know how much the sorrow about Rose was adding to my depletion, and just the word, "retreat," resonated with good fortune. So two weeks before I was to visit Rose, there I was driving my trusty bright blue Rav — Toyota calls it Electric Storm blue, a name that couldn't have been more serendipitous that day — as the skies above the Topatopa Mountains, the range east of the Sierra Madres and west of the Sierra Pelonas, turned from blue to stormy gray.
In southern California, it was an unusual time of year for showers and windstorms, but that late afternoon bundles of clouds began to rock and roll, and ahead of me, in the distance, I could see a hint of snow on the highest peak. That day I didn't know the name of the mountains, or that Hines Peak was that highest peak, or that it rises to over 6,700 feet, but those peaks reminded me of dunes and summertime.
I knew this was a place I was going to feel good because beautiful, faraway places (Cape Cod, Cape Town, Paris…) have always made me feel good — and ahead of me was a long dirt road that led to a wide gravel drive that curved around corners, past palm trees and cactus, and suddenly the house where the retreat was to be held came into view.
I felt the muscles in my neck easing at the site of wide swaths of wild poppies, morning glories, mallow and milkweed, beyond that a red clay tennis court, a long blue pool, mountains in the distance, and closer to the house fields of flaming yellow California buttercups, or maybe they were bush sunflowers or goldenrod — whatever their name, they were bright and joyful looking, brighter still against the dusty road and the sky growing darker, though it would be hours until sunset.
Part of the serendipity that is this story is that there, at that retreat where life was simple, and delicious and good, I met six new friends — we named our new circle The Roosters which is a longer story, but one of the roosters is named Columbine, like Rose, her name itself is a flower. I could call Columbine and ask her what all those plants in the fields were, because she would know.
StockRocket//Getty Images
Columbine, like Rose, was sun-drenched and beautiful, a nature lover steeped in knowledge, a wise woman, delightful, a full-of-life woman. In the kitchen, six of us were chatting, getting to know each other when Columbine, the last to arrive, swept in like a gust of energy and hugged each of us — an enveloping, heart-stopping hug; it didn't matter that we were strangers, and with that hug, we became friends.
Later we all learned she had suffered a tragic loss two years ago, but like Rose, everything about Columbine was the opposite of tragic. She emanated light and joy and pleasure. And now I know it was serendipity to meet her when I did.
The retreat was more than I could have imagined — beyond rejuvenating, and on March 10, I drove home, carrying in my heart all these new friends I'd made, feeling lucky, joyful, anticipating my daughter's visit the next day, looking forward to my trip to Ohio to see Rose, even if it meant goodbye.
But the next day my daughter called. "I can't visit you. Covid-19…I don't want to fly, and risk infecting you."
Later that same day an infectious disease specialist friend called and said, "This is happening. Now. It's going to hurt. It's big. Hunker down."
I kept seeing Rose in my mind, with no one there holding her hand.
When I realized we were all about to isolate, to separate, I thought first of how lucky I was to have met Columbine when I did, and I could not stop thinking about Rose. That week the governor of Ohio closed nursing care facilities to visitors, and I kept picturing Rose all alone, dying, and no one could see her. I couldn't see her. I couldn't hug her goodbye. How could this be? No one who is dying should be alone. I kept seeing Rose in my mind, with no one there holding her hand.
One week later Virginia called and told me Rose had died.
I know Rose must have made the decision to die when she did; I know she wouldn't have wanted to hurt her daughter, her grandson, her family and friends, and she wouldn't have wanted to be separated. So as I wept — two days of weeping — I felt the rush of relief too, and gratitude took the place of sorrow. Gratitude for having known her and for those decades of friendship.
And knowledge that no one can replace someone you love, but comforted by the knowledge that meeting Columbine when I did was serendipitous. I know that Columbine and Rose, both wise women, both healers, both gusts of energy, and lovers and survivors of tragic loss, would have been friends.
And I felt gratitude that even in this time of solitude and sorrow, my garden grows.
Amy Friedman is an author, editor, ghostwriter and writing teacher. Her memoir Desperado's Wife tells the story of her marriage to a man she met while he was in prison, a story that led to her founding the nonprofit POPS the Club (Pain of the Prison System) to heal that pain for the millions of teens who have incarcerated family members.
My Husband and I Vacation Apart — and We Love It
Redefine the Reasons for Your Partnership
Every Time I Visited Hawaii, I Got Divorced
Should You Take Your Spouse's Last Name?
You (Yes, *You*) Need a Relationship Check-In
Home is Where Your Best Friend Is
A Cassette Tape Reunited Me With My Father's Voice
Create a Healthy Relationship With Social Media
Jessica Grose on the Grim Realities of Motherhood
The Importance of Friendsgiving
My Family Tradition: Alexis Floyd
Food, Family, and Traditions 2022


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Vanenga mera är en fjärilsart som beskrevs av Paul Dognin 1924. Vanenga mera ingår i släktet Vanenga och familjen Mimallonidae. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

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Humanities > Linguistics & Philosophy > Topics in Culture and Globalization
Topics in Culture and Globalization posted by member150_php on 3/3/2009 Add To Favorites
2 . Culture and Globalizati
3 . A Pre-History of Global
4 . Cultural Activism and M
5 . Hip-Hop as Cultural Mov
6 . Hip-Hop in Japan
7 . Lessons from Hip-Hop
8 . Coolhunters: Who's Got
9 . Conclusions and the Fut
Condry, Ian, 21F.035 Topics in Culture and Globalization, Fall 2003. (Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT OpenCourseWare), http://ocw.mit.edu (Accessed 10 Jul, 2010). License: Creative Commons BY-NC-SA
Topics in Culture and Globalization
N'Zérékoré, Guinea celebrates Internet connectivity. (Image courtesy of U.S. Agency for Intenational Development.)
Lecture notes and a bibliography of all readings are available for this course.
The concept of globalization fosters the understanding of the interconnectedness of cultures and societies geographically wide apart; America, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Subject scans existing debates over globalization around the world. This course explores how globalization impacts everyday life in the First and Third World; how globalization leads to a common cosmopolitan culture; the emergence of a global youth culture; and religious, social, and political movements that challenge globalization. Materials examined include pop music, advertisements, film posters, and political cartoons.
*Some translations represent previous versions of courses.
The concept of globalization fosters the understanding of the interconnectedness of cultures and societies geographically wide apart. Subject scans existing debates over globalization throughout the world. Explores how globalization impacts everyday life in the First and Third World; how globalization leads to a common cosmopolitan culture; the emergence of a global youth culture; and religious, social, and political movements that challenge globalization. Materials examined include pop music, advertisements, ethnographic films, and journalistic accounts.
Topics for Fall 2003 include precursors to globalization, world hip-hop, media power, and consumer activism. Students will also have the opportunity to explore projects of their own design.
Discussion, Attendance 15%
Essay 1 (3 pages) - Cultural Power 10% Due Week 3
Essay 2 (5 pages) - Global Hip-Hop 15% Due Week 8
Essay 3 (5 pages) - Media Worlds 15% Due Week 11
Individual Presentations 15% Weeks 10-13
Final Paper (6-8 pages) 25% Due Last Class
There will be no final exam.
Graduate students are required to do extra work as determined by the instructor. Extra work will usually take the form of extra reading and writing.
Course Dynamics
The course meets once a week and is structured by reading, films, lectures, discussions, and student presentations. In general, class will begin with lecture, then move to films, discussions, and presentations.
There will be four significant writing assignments: Two 5-page essays (due in Weeks 5 and 9), and a 7-8 page final project due on the last day of class. You will have a choice of essay topics, or with the approval of the instructor, they may be developed from the issues raised in the weekly discussions. I am happy to look at preliminary drafts of papers, but except for unusual circumstances, I do not accept rewrites. I would also encourage people to make use of the Writing Center as it is an excellent resource.
Papers will be graded according to three criteria:
Argument Is this thesis clearly stated? Do the steps of the argument make sense and lead logically to the conclusion?
Evidence How well does the essay use the evidence available from the class materials (readings, lectures, films)? Are there contradictory examples that should be discussed to eliminate doubts? How well are the examples used to support the argument?
Style How well is the paper written? Has it been carefully proofread? Are there clever turns of phrase, interesting transitions, a catchy opening and conclusion? Does the paper length match the assignment?
Short Weekly Assignments
Depending on how the class is progressing, I reserve the right to assign short weekly assignments, such as brief writing exercises, or to ask certain students to prepare discussion questions, or to lead discussion of the readings.
Attendence and Class Participation
Because this class meets only once a week, your attendence is required every single class period. Barring sickness or unavoidable family emergencies, I expect you in class. If you are going to miss class, I would like an email explanation prior to class. More than two (2) unexcused absence will result in a reduction of your final grade. I do not give warnings in the event that you are in danger of such a penalty. That said, if emergencies or health situations arise, please let me know, if possible beforehand, and in most situations that will count as an excuse. Your health, and your commitments to family, should take priority over coursework.
I would also stress that student presentations form a key component of the course. Students will be asked to make short presentations, either formally or as part of discussion, throughout the term as a way of delving into the readings, films, and lectures. I encourage you to use such opportunities to introduce the class as a whole to examples of culture and globalization that may not be directly treated in the reading assignments or lectures.
With a topic like "Culture and Globalization," there is clearly no way for a one-semester class to be comprehensive, nor give a full overview of the issues involved. Instead, we will focus on developing the analytical tools necessary to unravel some of the complex economic, political and cultural changes of the contemporary world with respect to globalization. In order to accomplish this, the course will rely to a large extent on the work of you, the students, to bring concrete, up-to-date examples which we can use to assess the theoretical readings and reconsider their conclusions in light of our examples.
Special Class Meetings
Once or twice during the term, I may try to schedule special events related to the course. If these events fall outside of the regular class meeting times, they will be recommended, but optional. If your schedule precludes you from attending, I will design alternative assignments on a case-by-case basis.
1 Culture and Globalization
Lecture: Introduction to Culture and Globalization/Goals of the Course
2 A Pre-History of Globalization: Guns, Germs, and Steel
3 Cultural Activism and Minority Claims Essay 1 due (3 pages, double-spaced)
4 Hip-Hop as Cultural Movement
5 Hip-Hop in Japan
6 Hip-Hop in Europe and the Islamic Connection
7 Lessons from Hip-Hop
8 Coolhunters: Who's Got It? Essay 2 due: World Hip-Hop Nation
9 No Logo
10 "Music Wants to be Free": MP3, P2P - Anarchy or Activism?
11 Television Nations Essay 3 due
Student symposium 1 (5-7 People Present)
12 Transnational Media Student Symposium 1 (5-7 people present)
13 Globalization as the End of Culture? Student symposium 1 (5-7 people present) - if necessary
14 Conclusions and the Future of Globalization Final paper due (6-8 pages, double spaced)
Culture and Globalization
Film: First Contact (in Class, 55 min.) and Discussion.
A Pre-History of Globalization: Guns, Germs, and Steel
Greider, William. "The Real Cancun: WTO Heads Nowhere." In The Nation. Sept. 22, 2003. pp. 11-20.
Diamond, Jared. "Preface: Why is World History Like an Onion?" In Diamond, Jared. Guns, Germs, and Steel. W.W. Norton & Company, 1999, pp. 9-11.
———. "Prologue: Yali's Question." In Guns, Germs, and Steel. pp. 13-32.
———. "Collision at Cajamarca." Chapter 3 in Guns,Germs, and Steel, pp. 67-81.
———. "Hemisphere's Colliding." Chapter 18 in Guns,Germs, and Steel. pp. 354-375.
Beynon, John, and David Dunkerley. "General Introduction." In Globalization: The Reader. NY: Routledge, 2000.
Film: Trobriand Cricket (50 min.) and Discussion.
Cultural Activism and Minority Claims
"Introduction." In Ginsburg, Faye, Lila Abu-Lughod and Brian Larkin, Editors. Media Worlds. University of California Press, 2002.
Ginsburg, Faye. "Screen Memories." In Media Worlds.
Turner, Terrence. "Representation, Politics, and Cultural Imagination in Indigenous Video." In Media Worlds.
McLagan, Meg. "Spectacles of Difference." In Media Worlds.
Film: Kayapo: Out of the Forest.
Hip-Hop as Cultural Movement
Eshun, Kodwo. "Sampladelia of the Breakbeat." In More Brilliant than the Sun: Adventures in Sonic Fiction. London: Quartet Books Ltd., 1998. pp. 25-61.
George, Nelson. "Capitalist Tool." In Hip-Hop America. NY: Penguin, 1998.
Mitchell, Tony. "Introduction: Another Root-Hip-Hop Outside USA." In Global Noise. Wesleyan University Press, 2002.
Urla, Jacqueline. "We Are All Malcolm X." In Global Noise. (Basque in Spain)
Film: Scratch
Hip-Hop in Japan
Condry, Ian. "Introduction." Chapter 1 in Japanese Hip-Hop (forthcoming) (Book Manuscript) (PDF)
———. "Race: Black Culture, Yellow B-Boys and the Elvis Effect." Chapter 2 in Japanese Hip-Hop.
———. "Genba: Locating the Power of Popular Music ." Chapter 3 in Japanese Hip-Hop.
———. "A History of Japanese Rap Music: Street Dance, Club Music, Pop Market." In Global Noise.
Mitchell, Tony. "Fightin' the Faida" In Global Noise. pp. 194.
Hip-Hop in Europe and the Islamic Connection
Prevos, Andre J. M. "Postcolonial Popular Music in France." In Global Noise. pp. 39 - 56.
Swedenburg, Ted. "Islamic Hip-Hop and Islamophobia." In Global Noise. pp. 57-85.
Hesmondalgh and Melville. "Urban Breakbeat Culture." In Global Noise. pp. 86-110.
Pennay, Mark. "Rap in Germany." In Global Noise.
Or, if no Presentation, Film: La Haine (Hate).
Lessons from Hip-Hop
Morelli, Sarah. "Who is Dancing Hero." In Global Noise. (Korea)
Maxwell, Ian. "Sydney Stylee." In Global Noise. (Australia)
Mitchell, Tony. "Kia Kaha! (Be Strong)." In Global Noise. (Aotearoa-New Zealand)
Film: Documentary About International Hip-Hop.
Coolhunters: Who's Got it?
Gladwell, Malcolm. "The Coolhunters." In New Yorker Magazine. March 17, 1997.
Shakar, Alex. The Savage Girl. Perennial Publishers, 2002.
Davila, Arlene. "Culture in the Ad World: Producing the Latin Look." In Media Worlds.
Film in Class: The Merchants of Cool. (PBS Frontline on Trend Spotters)
Klein, Naomi. "Introduction." In No Logo. Picador USA, 1999, pp. xiii-xxi.
———. "New Branded World." Chapter 1 in No Logo.
———. "A Tale of Three Logos: The Swoosh, the Shell, the Arches Conclusion, Consumerism versus Citizenship." Chapter 16 in No Logo.
Film in Class: Black, S. Life and Debt. (About Sweatshops in Jamaica.)
"Music Wants to be Free": MP3, P2P - Anarchy or Activism?
Jenkins, Henry. "Quentin Tarantino's Star Wars? Digital Cinema, Media Convergence, and Participatory Culture." In Rethinking Media Change: The Aesthetics of Transition. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2003.
Vaidhyanathan, Siva. "The Anarchist in the Library." 2002.
An introduction to his argument about the cultural politics of P2P networks. (View cybercast of U.S. Library of Congress Luminary Lecuter by Dr. Vaidhyanathan on this article.)
Condry. "The Digital Revolution in Music." (Forthcoming)
Selections from Billboard Magazine (Trade Magazine for Record Co.s)
Film: Excerpts from Sonic Outlaws.
Television Nations
Abu-Lughod, Lila. "Egyptian Melodrama." In Media Worlds.
Mankekar, Purnima. "Epic Contests." In Media Worlds. (India)
Wilk, Richard. "Television, Time, and National Imaginary." In Media Worlds. (Belize)
Transnational Media
Mandel, Ruth. "Marshall Plan of the Mind." In Media Worlds. (Kazakhstan)
Schein, Louisa. "Mapping Hmong Media..." In Media Worlds.
Ganti, Tejaswini. "And Yet My Heart is Still Indian." In Media Worlds.
Globalization as the End of Culture?
Iwabuchi, Koichi. "Becoming Culturally Proximate: Japanese TV Dramas in Taiwan." Chapter 4 in Recentering Globalization: Popular Culture and Japanese Transnationalism. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2002. pp. 121-157.
Film (Tentative): The Japanese Version.
Conclusions and the Future of Globalization
Web Sites or Supplementary Material Based on Student Presentations and the Question for the In-class Discussion
In Class Discussion: What is the Future of Global Cultural Politics?
1. Condry, Ian. "Introduction." Chapter 1 in Japanese Hip-Hop (forthcoming)