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Home > General > "Self-Governance," Not "Regulation": California Supreme Court Rules No Federal Preemption of CEQA under ICCTA for State-Owned Rail Projects
"Self-Governance," Not "Regulation": California Supreme Court Rules No Federal Preemption of CEQA under ICCTA for State-Owned Rail Projects
By Donald E. Sobelman on August 1, 2017 Posted in Exemptions and "Not a Project" Determinations, General
On July 27, the California Supreme Court released its long-awaited decision in Friends of the Eel River v. North Coast Railroad Authority (S222472), resolving a split among the State's courts of appeal—but arguably conflicting with federal precedent—with respect to the scope of federal preemption of CEQA with respect to state-owned rail projects.
We discussed the oral arguments in this case in a prior blog post. In a 6-1 opinion authored by Chief Justice Cantil-Sakauye (with Justice Corrigan dissenting), the Court has now held that application of CEQA to a railroad project undertaken by a state entity, North Coast Railroad Authority ("NCRA"), was not preempted by the federal Interstate Commerce Commission Termination Act ("ICCTA"). The Court relied on a distinction between a state's "regulation" of private railroad operations (which is clearly preempted) and a state's "self-governance" with respect to a state-owned rail project (which, the Court held, is not preempted). As a result, the Court reversed the judgment of the First Appellate District and remanded the matter for further proceedings on petitioners' CEQA claims.
The First District Court of Appeal's Ruling Rejecting CEQA Challenges as Preempted by Federal Law
The Court's decision arose from two separate actions filed in Marin County Superior Court that challenged NCRA's reopening of intrastate rail service on a portion of the rail line running from Lombard, in Napa County, to Arcata, in Humboldt County. NCRA was created by the Legislature in 1989, after the private owners/operators of the line failed economically, to ensure that service on the line was not permanently abandoned. NCRA, as owner of the rail line, is required by statute to provide freight service on the line. In 2006, NCRA granted a franchise to a private party, Northwestern Pacific Railroad Company ("NWPCo"), to operate freight service on the line.
The project proposed using state (Caltrans) funding to allow for limited freight service by NWPCo on the Russian River division of the line between Lombard in Napa County and Willits in Mendocino County. The project also included efforts to rehabilitate, repair, and construct certain sections of the line. Compliance with CEQA and preparation of an EIR was mandated in the master funding agreement with Caltrans and related project planning and policy documents as a condition for release of funding and approval of the project.
In June 2011, NCRA, acting as CEQA lead agency, prepared and certified an EIR for the project. Petitioners Friends of the Eel River and Californians for Alternatives to Toxics filed separate mandate actions challenging the adequacy of the EIR under CEQA. NCRA removed the cases to federal court, arguing the claims were preempted, but the federal court found the cases were not subject to complete preemption or removal, and remanded them to state court.
In April 2013, NCRA issued a resolution rescinding its June 2011 certification of the EIR. The new resolution "clarified" that NCRA did not approve a "project" as defined by CEQA when it certified the EIR, and it explained that the EIR was not legally required for resumption of freight rail operations—which had occurred in July 2011—because "the ICCTA preempts CEQA's application over railroad operations on the line."
NCRA and NWPCo prevailed in the trial court based on this preemption defense, which relies on the ICCTA provision stating that the remedies provided under that statute with respect to "regulation of rail transportation" are "exclusive and preempt the remedies provided under Federal or State law" (49 U.S.C. § 10501(b)). The First District Court of Appeal affirmed (see (2014) 230 Cal.App.4th 85), finding that the "expansive language" of ICCTA's "broadly worded express preemption provision," gives the federal Surface Transportation Board ("STB") exclusive jurisdiction over transportation by rail carriers and the construction, acquisition and operation of railroad tracks and facilities, even if located entirely in one state. The appellate court noted a uniform line of federal court and STB cases concluding that state statutes requiring environmental review and permitting as a condition to railroad operations constitute regulation that is preempted by the ICCTA, and it concluded that the ICCTA expressly preempts CEQA review of proposed rail operations in this case. In doing so, the court held that the "market participant" doctrine did not apply to defeat preemption—a ruling that it acknowledged was squarely in conflict with the Third District Court of Appeal's decision in Town of Atherton v. California High-Speed Rail Authority (2014) 228 Cal.App.4th 314.
The Supreme Court Reverses, Holding CEQA Not Preempted by Federal Law for State-Owned Rail Lines
In a 6-1 decision authored by the Chief Justice, the Supreme Court reversed the First District, holding that the ICCTA does not preempt application of CEQA to the NCRA project.
The Court began by acknowledging that "the national system of railroads is of peculiarly federal, not state, concern," and it would undermine the goals of the ICCTA "if states could compel the rail industry to comply with regulation of railroads that conflicted with federal law, or even to comply with supplementary regulation of railroads on a state-by-state basis." As a result, "in the ordinary regulatory setting in which a state seeks to govern private economic conduct, applying CEQA to condition state permission to go forward with railroad operations would be preempted."
However, the Court found that this principle did not resolve the application of CEQA to the project proposed by NCRA, a state governmental entity. The Court focused on the fact that "[t]he ICCTA preempts solely regulation of rail transportation" (emphasis added). Yet, "when the state establishes the general law according to which the state's own subsidiaries are to use the funds and powers allocated by the state — including for railroad projects — this constitutes not regulation but instead self-governance on the part of the state. We will conclude that CEQA may be considered a matter of self-governance in this setting — the control exercised by the state over its own subdivision." The Court found this analogous to the situation covered by the market participant doctrine, where a state ordinarily has the same "freedom of action" as a private entity in connection with state market activities that are not regulatory in nature. Because the Court found no evidence that Congress intended to "preempt such self-governance" by the owner of a rail line, it concluded that application of CEQA to the NCRA project was not preempted.
In developing the distinction between regulation and self-governance—and placing CEQA's application here in the second category—the Court was careful to construct an argument that might withstand scrutiny by the U.S. Supreme Court (if NCRA pursues review). The opinion describes CEQA as a state policy "adopted by the Legislature to govern how the state itself and the state's own subdivisions will exercise their responsibilities." When CEQA applies to the state's issuance of a permit for private development of property, this is "plainly regulatory." However, where the state itself owns property and proposes to develop it, CEQA "is not classic regulatory behavior" but rather "self-governance on the part of a sovereign state and at the same time on the part of an owner."
The opinion places this concept of "CEQA as self-governance" in the context of U.S. Supreme Court precedent holding that an interpretation of a federal statute that would infringe on state sovereignty should not be adopted "absent unmistakably clear language of intent to achieve that result." This juxtaposition allows the Court to conclude that it is "extremely unlikely that Congress, in enacting the ICCTA, intended to preempt a state's adoption and use of the tools of self-governance in this situation, or to leave the state, as owner, without any means of establishing the basic principles under which it will undertake significant capital expenditures."
Given this holding, the California Supreme Court concluded that reversal was required, and the CEQA actions would be allowed to proceed. However, while petitioners can pursue available CEQA remedies against NCRA, the Court agreed with the appellate court that petitioners could not seek an injunction under CEQA against NWPCo to halt its freight operations: "such an application of state law would be tantamount to the operation of state environmental preclearance rules" that federal courts and the STB have agreed are preempted with respect to private rail carriers such as NWPCo.
Concurrence and Dissent
Justice Kruger wrote a brief concurring opinion to emphasize the limits of the majority opinion. Although the majority determined that CEQA is not categorically preempted by the ICCTA in this case, Kruger noted that, on remand, this decision does not foreclose a finding that a particular CEQA remedy may be preempted by the ICCTA, to the extent that remedy unreasonably interferes with the jurisdiction of the STB.
Justice Corrigan, the lone dissenter, authored an opinion challenging the majority's "entirely novel theory construing regulation as a form of 'self-governance'." Finding no basis for treating public activity different from private activity in this context, Corrigan stated that "today's holding will displace the longstanding supremacy of federal regulation in the area of railroad operations by allowing third party plaintiffs to thwart or delay public railroad projects with CEQA suits. Such an outcome is both unfair to public entities and inimical to the deregulatory purpose of ICCTA" and is in "direct conflict with the stated views of the STB."
Although this decision will narrowly apply to a limited set of publicly-sponsored rail projects in California, those projects will now face significantly increased costs and delays, due to the need to comply with CEQA and fend off any CEQA-related litigation challenges.
More importantly, this decision is the most recent evidence that the California Supreme Court, as currently composed, includes a supermajority of justices who are unafraid to take an expansive view of the reach and scope of state environmental law—even when doing so involves pushing back against a solid wall of federal court and agency decisions.
Tags: ICCTA, Preemption, Railroads
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The new sign is based on Islamic patterned tiles, is handpainted with new bo-fold doors so they can open it up and use the pavement in the summer with simple window graphics and a blackboard in between the doors to display any special offers. Simple awnings complete the design. There is the option of using gold leaf.
This would be a brilliant transformation!! I really like the tiles that run along the bottom of the windows.That would be a massive change!!


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newsboy a boy who sells or delivers newspapers.
newscast a news broadcast on television or radio.
newsdealer someone, esp. a retailer, who sells newspapers, magazines, or the like.
news feed a data format that allows users to frequently update content on a web page. [2 definitions]
newsgroup a discussion group on a computer network such as the Internet where people post and read messages on specific topics.
newsless combined form of news.
newsletter an informational letter or small newspaper directed to a special audience, as of employees, members of an organization, or subscribers.
newsmagazine a magazine, often issued weekly, that reports and analyzes current events.
newsman a man employed in the gathering, reporting, or editing of news.
newspaper a publication, usu. daily or weekly, containing news, editorials and advertising. [3 definitions]
newspaperman a man who owns, operates, or works for a newspaper.
newspaperwoman a woman who owns, operates, or works for a newspaper.
newspeak language that is ambiguous or delusive, esp. when used as propaganda.
newsperson someone involved with gathering or communicating the news, such as a reporter, writer, editor, or broadcaster.
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news release a specially prepared written item given to news media by a government or organization; handout or press release.
newsroom a place, such as an office, where news is received, written, and edited for use in publication or broadcasting [3 definitions]
news service see news agency. [2 definitions]
newsstand a booth or other place where newspapers and magazines are sold.
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In actual point of fact, the best time to have your mortgage refinanced is when the interest rates are at their lowest points. If you have a perfect credit history, you don't need to worry about refinancing, saving you from spending a considerable amount of money. However, if your credit rating is not as good as you want it to be, the only way to refinance your home while you still take full advantage of low interest rates is to apply for a bad credit home loan refinance.
Applying for home loan refinancing though you have a bad credit will require you to devote some time looking for a mortgage lender who will be willing to work out a flexible financial term with you. To end all of your speculations why mortgage companies permit people to refinance their home loans although they have a bad credit rating, it is because they believe that even if a person has some problems paying off his credit balances it doesn't mean that he will again commit the same default in his new loan.
Due to the fact that mortgage lenders have been in the lending industry for quite some time now, they understand that a person's bad credit may come from different sources. Lenders have proven that most people who have bad credit but still want to borrow some money are most of the time the borrowers who work much harder to pay off their loans. This is because bad credit borrowers would like to rebuild and reestablish their credit rating.
Though, this type of loan is a good way to avoid foreclosure, you should understand that a bad credit home loan refinance is considered by most lenders as a risky type of transaction, thus it always come along with higher fees, interest rates and even points. You should be diligent in searching for mortgage lenders. It's wise if you take some time to obtain each of your preferred lenders' quotes so you'll be able to assess and compare their rates and get the most flexible option for your case.
You should recognize that a mortgage refinance is like replacing your previous home loan with a new one, normally with better rules or terms and of course a lower interest rate. The process incorporated with it is almost the same with getting a new house loan. You'll need to closely examine the closing points and costs as well as the extra fees when trying to apply for refinancing. By doing this you'll be able to discern that the terms and interest rates differ from one lender to another.
Even if a bad credit home loan refinance can be your best resort if you want to keep your home, you'll still have to benefit from this opportunity with caution. Because mortgage lenders know that your options are few, some may take advantage of your situation. Although, you need their help, it's vital that you do not let them rush you. You should not appear hopeless and desperate. Also, make sure that you read and understand their refinancing terms completely.


How do I unlock my lock screen, my password doesn't work. I'm not able to access settings to change it. Can any help?
I'm sorry we're a few days late getting back to you. Hopefully, you've already reset your screen lock. If not, you can find steps to do so here.


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Kindergarten has traditionally been a time for storybooks and building blocks. But in Brookline, teachers and parents are complaining that students spend far too much of their day at their desks like office workers — and not enough time learning through play.
Amanda Livengood said she was floored by the pressure-cooker environment her 5-year-old daughter encountered in kindergarten this past school year in Brookline, one of the state's highest-performing school systems.
"It totally knocked her self-esteem down," she said. "She would come home and say she hates school or she hates reading. She didn't want to go to school. She was calling herself stupid. If I tried to quiz her on things, she would shut down."
For the past month, Brookline has been embroiled in an emotional debate over whether kindergarten has become too academically demanding, causing anxiety levels of 5- and 6-year-olds to climb.
More than two dozen kindergarten teachers signed a five-page letter imploring school officials to bring more joy and play back into the program. Parents launched an online petition that garnered more than 500 signatures. And the issue has been the subject of School Committee meetings, where teachers wore stickers on their shirts with such statements as "Let Kids Feel Success Not Stress" and "Playing IS Learning."
"We see many of our kindergartners struggle with anxiety about school because they know they are expected to read," the teachers wrote in their letter to school officials. "A significant body of research exists showing the negative consequences to children's emotional well-being when they are forced to read before their developing brains make sense of it. Reading sooner does not always mean better."
School officials, who issued their own letter June 18 defending the kindergarten curriculum, nevertheless say they are open to exploring changes to the program and have already held one meeting with kindergarten teachers.
Brookline Superintendent Andrew Bott. Public Schools of Brookline
"Kindergarten teachers raised important questions about the balance between constructive play and teacher-organized learning focused on developing foundational literacy skills," Superintendent Andrew Bott and Deputy Superintendent Nicole Gittens wrote, adding that many teachers do both.
"A walk through any given kindergarten classroom will reveal spaces that are rich with print and that fill children with a love of reading," they wrote. "Children also engage in play-based learning that allows them to grow and practice social skills. Play happens, and children learn through play and teacher-organized activities every day."
At a time when a growing number of teachers and parents nationwide have become fed up with standardized testing and other government mandates to boost student achievement, Brookline has emerged as the latest flashpoint about whether those edicts have gone too far — compelling school systems to pile on more academics in kindergarten to ensure students are achieving at higher levels sooner in subsequent grades.
A retired Cambridge kindergarten teacher, Susan Sluyter, made national headlines five years ago when she wrote her resignation letter after more than 25 years of teaching, deriding the evolution of kindergarten from "hands-on exploration, investigation, joy and love of learning" to "testing, data collection, competition and punishment."
"One would be hard put these days to find joy present in classrooms," she wrote.
Against the backdrop of the debate is a growing stack of research chronicling the rising demands of kindergarten.
For instance, a study published in 2016 — "Is Kindergarten the New First Grade?" — examined public kindergarten classrooms between 1998 and 2010 and found that kindergarten teachers in the later years "devoted more time to advanced literacy and math content, teacher-directed instruction, and assessment, and substantially less time to art, music, science, and child-selected activities."
Stephanie Jones, a professor of early childhood development at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education, said the academic demands of kindergarten are increasing because of two factors: More students are ready to tackle challenging material in kindergarten because of an expansion of high-quality preschool, while school systems nationwide are ratcheting up all their programs, from kindergarten through Grade 12, so that students graduate college- and career-ready.
But she added that kindergartens still need to maintain a strong emphasis on play-based learning and other classroom activities that can harness the high energy levels of the 5- and 6-year-olds.
"It's good to have rigorous standards," she said. "We don't want to leave kids behind and have low expectations. . . . But rigor has to be developmentally sensitive."
The shifting demands of kindergarten, Jones said, have created somewhat of an identity crisis for the program as well as widely uneven quality. This fall, data from a long-term early education study that Jones is coleading at Harvard should shed further light on the variation in quality and the balance between play-based learning and traditional desk work.
Brookline officials contend they have the right balance. The school system follows the state's learning standards for literacy, writing, and math.
According to the state website, by the time kindergarten students exit in June, they should know such concepts in math as counting to 100 by ones and tens; writing numbers up to 20; using some basic addition and subtraction; comparing objects by measuring weight, length, and capacity; and naming, describing, and comparing shapes.
In literacy, kindergarten students should know how stories and poems are the same or different; how to identify uppercase and lowercase letters; and how to recognize punctuation marks and many common words.
But in Brookline, confusion exists over whether the school system has set a higher expectation for kindergartners: knowing how to read.
The kindergarten academic progress reports suggest this expectation. Under instructional reading level, the report says "at this level, your child not only reads with reasonable accuracy and comprehension, but can also articulate that comprehension in oral conversations." Students are rated on whether they meet, exceed, or fall short of this expectation.
But Mary Brown, senior director of teaching and learning, said in an interview that kindergartners do not need to know how to read in order to move on to first grade. She expressed optimism that the issues in kindergarten would be worked out.
"Everyone agrees we want balance and project-based learning, and classrooms alive with kids moving around and being curious," said Brown, a former principal. "We want to make sure teachers feel supported."
Carol Schraft, a longtime Brookline resident and former principal, said it was remarkable to see kindergarten teachers lead a rebellion.
"Kindergarten teachers tend to be timid," she said.
Discontent with changes to the kindergarten program has increased in recent years as the school district has tried to remedy uneven quality among classrooms that often resulted from teachers having greater latitude to develop their own lesson plans and discretion in how they used classroom time.
The district's effort has brought some standardized approaches, but teachers say there is now too little time for play-based learning.
Vicki Milstein, who retired last month as principal of early education in Brookline, said she was pleased that Brookline educators and parents were shining a light for the rest of the country on the challenges facing kindergarten.
"I think there is a shared wish for children to have a wonderful and appropriate and engaging experience," she said. "It's no one's goal to stress children in the first phase of the continuum."
She added, "We want all children to learn and achieve at high levels. The question is what is the best way to do that."
James Vaznis can be reached at james.vaznis@globe.com. Follow him on Twitter @globevaznis.


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Graf Hans Meinhard von Schönberg auf Wesel (Bacharach 28 de agosto de 1582 - Heidelberg 3 de agosto de 1616) fue un noble y soldado alemán, que se desempeñó como hofmeister de Federico V del Palatinado.

Biografía
Hans Meinhard von Schönberg nació en Bacharach. Su padre, el conde Meinhard von Schönberg auf Wesel (26 de abril de 1530 - 22 de abril de 1596), fue un Feldmarschall de Johann Casimir del Palatinado-Simmern y Amtmann de Bacharach. Su madre fue Dorothea Riedesel von Bellersheim (fallecida en 1610).

Nuestro primer signo de Hans Meinhard von Schönberg en la vida pública llega en 1609, cuando Federico IV, el Elector Palatino lo envió como Embajador de Rodolfo II, Emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano , en un momento en que los nobles alemanes protestantes se alejaban cada vez más de la corte. del sacro emperador romano .

Schönberg parece haber hecho un buen trabajo, porque poco después de que su embajada presentara las preocupaciones de los nobles alemanes a Rudolf, Frederick envió a Schönberg a la República Holandesa para persuadir a los Estados Generales de los Países Bajos para que intervinieran en la disputa de sucesión de Jülich (después del La muerte de John William, duque de Jülich-Cleves-Berg el 25 de marzo de 1609, los Ducados Unidos de Jülich-Cleves-Berg fueron reclamados por Wolfgang William, el Conde Palatino de Neuburg y John Sigismund, Elector de Brandeburgo ). Posteriormente participó en una discusión con el embajador francés Jacques Bongars en Düsseldorf.

En 1610, Schönberg fue nombrado comandante de un regimiento de tropas holandesas . También fue nombrado gobernador de Düsseldorf. Con el estallido de las hostilidades en la sucesión de la Guerra de Jülich , participó en el asedio de Jülich para recuperar el fuerte en Jülich de las fuerzas de Rudolf II, Sacro Emperador Romano . Cuando el fuerte finalmente cayó, Schönberg se las arregló bien en el saqueo que siguió.

El 22 de febrero de 1611, Schönberg entró al servicio de John Sigismund, Elector de Brandeburgo , quien le confió el mando supremo de su cuerpo de artillería en Renania , con sede en Wesel . Volvió a servir como diplomático en La Haya en nombre de la Unión Protestante .

Más tarde, en 1611, regresó al Electorado del Palatinado para construir fortalezas en Mannheim . El 1 de noviembre de 1611, fue nombrado hofmeister de Federico V, Elector Palatino . Continuó su trabajo diplomático para la Unión Protestante , viajando a La Haya y Bruselas . En 1612, viajó a Inglaterra para organizar el matrimonio de Elizabeth Stuart , hija de James I de Inglaterra con Frederick.

Durante este viaje, Schönberg conoció a Anna Sutton-Dudley, hija de Edward Sutton, 5to Barón Dudley y Theodosia Harington . Los dos se casaron más tarde en Londres el 22 de marzo de 1615. Anna daría a luz a un niño, Federico de Schomberg, posteriormente el primer duque de Schomberg , en Heidelberg en diciembre de 1615. Anna murió poco después de su nacimiento. Durante la disputa entre Frederick Ulrich, duque de Brunswick-Lüneburg y la ciudad de Brunswick , Schönberg entró al servicio de Frederick Ulrich.

Hans Meinhard von Schönberg murió en Heidelberg, su lugar de residencia habitual, el 3 de agosto de 1616.

Referencias

Militares de Alemania del siglo XVII

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Tickets for Cirque Dreams Holidaze go on sale Monday
Indiana's unemployment rate declines to 3.5% in June
WEHT Local Lifestyles – Brentwood Springs (07/19/19)
WEHT Local Lifestyles – Daily Dish (07/19/19)
Union County High School on Lockdown
Posted: Sep 21, 2016 / 03:25 PM UTC / Updated: Sep 21, 2016 / 04:19 PM UTC
Western Kentucky authorities are conducting an investigation at Union County High School.
The school is placed on lockdown while sheriff's deputies and Kentucky State Police investigate rumors of a gun at the school.
Authorities say no gun has been found, and no one has been arrested.
Eyewitness News is on the scene and we'll bring you the latest on-air and online as soon as we get it.
OWENSBORO, Ky. (WEHT) - Tickets go on sale Monday for Cirque Dreams Holidaze, a live holiday family spectacular coming to the Owensboro Riverpark Center.
The performance will take place on December 12 at 7 p.m.
INDIANAPOLIS (AP) — Indiana's unemployment rate has declined slightly in June from the previous month.
The Indiana Department of Workforce Development said Friday that the rate was 3.5%, down from 3.6% in May. The state's unemployment rate was below the national rate of 3.7% for June.
Entertainment / 12 mins ago


YouGames.cz - online hra: Cinderella Princess Transform, hraj zdarma!
The Royal Ball is about to start, but Cinderella can't find her shoes! They hold magic powers and without them she won't be able to have a beautiful dress and attend the ball. Find all the hidden shoes and solve the puzzles as each of them has a part of Cinderella's ball outfit. Help Cinderella look magnificent and win over the prince's heart!


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John Gray House is a historic home located at Port Matilda, Patton Township, Centre County, Pennsylvania. It was built in 1793, and is a -story, five-bay, stone dwelling with an exposed basement.  The interior has a traditional Georgian center hall plan.

It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.

References

Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
Georgian architecture in Pennsylvania
Houses completed in 1793
Houses in Centre County, Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Centre County, Pennsylvania
1793 establishments in Pennsylvania


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Crypts
Educational programmes for schoolchildren
Educational programmes for families
The museum's publications
Vilnius Pilgrim
Educational films
Play! BPM for children
Information for guides
Church Courtyard
Birthday in the museum
The Treasury of Vilnius Cathedral
The City of Heaven
St. Michael's Church
Download the free app "Bell Tower of Vilnius Cathedral".
Sculpture "A Stairway to Heaven and its Shadow"
Sculpture "A Stairway to Heaven and its Shadow" by Vladas Urbanavičius was installed in the courtyard of the Church Heritage Museum in Vilnius in 2020. Vladas Urbanavičius was born in Irkutsk Oblast, Russia in 1951. He completed sculpture studies at the State Institute of Arts of the Lithuanian SSR in 1977. In 2015, the sculptor was awarded the Lithuanian National Prize for Culture and Arts for the harmony of thought and form in contemporary sculpture. Read more...
Exhibition "Monastic Orders that did not Return to Vilnius"
The pictures made by Jan Bułhak (1876–1950), one of the most famous photographers of Vilnius, commemorate the houses of monastic orders that did not return to this town. The pictures presented in the courtyard of the Church of St Michael have both artistic and historical value. This exhibition, located in the former convent of Bernardine Nuns, invites Vilnius residents and guests to remember and admire the heritage of different monastic orders. Read more...
Sculptures from the facades of the Church of St Catherine in Vilnius
Around the 17th century there was a custom in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to put up paintings or statues on buildings not only to decorate them but also as a way to tell travellers about the religious traditions of various monasteries and parishes. The façade of any given church may have featured a large image depicting its titular patron, important members of the fraternity, or a miraculous painting that was being worshiped at that church. Read more...
Painting "Saviour of the World"
Built in the 16th century, the Vilnius city wall used to surround the entire area currently known as the old town until as late as the 19th century. Soon after its construction, it saw the addition of defence towers and ten brick gates. The Medininkai or Sharp gate (now called the Gate of Dawn), had an image of the Holy Virgin Mary on the wall facing the city, which later became famous as a source of heavenly grace and was moved to a newly-built chapel nearby, which was looked after by the Discalced Carmelites. The exterior side of the gate had a picture of the Saviour of the World. Read more...
Bells from the Church of All Saints in Vilnius
Carl Gottlieb Sparr, a craftsman from Vilnius, cast two different bells for the Ancient Observance Carmelite Church of All Saints in Vilnius in 1733. The larger bell was named after the prophet Elijah, which is why its waist features a relief depicting the prophet with a flaming sword in his hand. Read more...
History and Monuments
The history of bells
The clock of the Vilnius Cathedral
Educational classes at the Church Heritage Museum
Educational classes in the crypts
Educational classes in the bell tower
The museum's publication
Alex Šepkus
Informational sponsors
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Johan Nilsson Kock (d.y.), född 1727 i Svensbyn, död 1807, var en regionalt känd storbonde, handelsman, företagare, nämndeman och häradsdomare. Känd för att stå i frontlinjen för böndernas rätt att handla med Stockholm i striden mot borgarna efter Norrlandskusten 1768-1773.

Biografi
Johan Nilsson var son till Nils Johansson Kock och Margareta Eriksdotter. Fadern var son till Johan Nilsson Kock (d.ä.) och Brita Nilsdotter Kråka. Brita Nilsdotter Kråka härstammar från Kråka-släkten med rötter i Sunderbyn. Hennes farfars far var Hans Nilsson Kråka, den förste av Kråka-släkten i Svensbyn.

Johan Nilsson övertog föräldragården Edet nr 42 i Svensby. Han var intresserad av jordbruk och kom att få medalj "för visade drift med uppodling av kärr och hemmans förbättring".

Johan Nilsson var nämndeman vid häradsrätten 1768-1800 och senare blev han häradsdomare, vilket han var fram till sin död då han begravdes med titeln "häradsdomare".

Johan Nilsson var även handelsman. Anledningen varför han bör ihågkommas är att han ställde sig i bräschen gentemot (handels)borgarna efter Norrlandskusten vilka försökte hindra bönder från att segla med egna handelsskepp, kallade haxar, till Stockholm. Striden pågick 1768-1773.

Striden mot borgarna efter Norrlandskusten 1768-1773
Redan i början på 1700-talet förbjöds bönder att handla med Stockholm annat än med egen "avel". Kronan ville främja de vid år 1621 nyanlagda städerna såsom Umeå, Piteå, Luleå och Torneå och därmed avgick oftast borgarna med seger i deras kamper att stoppa "bondeseglationer". Bönderna, i varje fall de välbeställda och företagsamma, hade dock handlat med Stockholm i många hundra år genom att segla med egenbyggda skepp.

Johan Nilsson hade tillsammans med 22 delägare byggt ett handelskepp och seglat till Stockholm sommaren 1768. Båten blev emellertid hållen med tvång kvar i Stockholm för att Piteåborgarna utverkat avreseförbud för att båten hade ett däck. Johan Nilsson skrev tillsammans med Carl Olofsson i Bureå i Skellefteå socken och Justus Larsson i Hörnå by i Umeå socken två gånger till kungen för att be honom lyfta reseförbuden för dem alla tre som belagts deras båtar. Begärandena avslogs.. Johan Nilsson hade emellertid ett nytt transportskepp, en haxe på 22 alnar längd och färdig 1773, gjord tillsammans med fem andra delägare. Piteåborgarna stoppade dock återigen seglatsen, denna gång från att avresa från Piteå, genom att utverka ett förbud mot haxar längre än 18 alnar för (handels)bönder. Striden avgjordes inte förrän år 1786 då Gustaf III tillät fria handelsseglatser för bönder.  I testamentet som upprättades vid hans hustru Britas död 1798 kommer det fram att han var delägare av fartyget "Stjernan".

Familj
Gift i första giftet med Sophia Christiersdotter från Böle som dog sex månader efter giftermålet i barnssäng. Johan och Sophia hade inga gemensamma barn.
Andra giftet med Brita Johansdotter, född 12 mars 1736 på Svensbyn nr 25, död 24 november 1798. Bland barnen kan nämnas deras dotter (Brita) Margareta Johansdotter Kock som gifte sig med Israel Andersson Bryggman på Pitholmen, Bryggaregården nr 18.

Referenser

Män
Födda 1717
Avlidna 1807
Personer inom Sveriges näringsliv
Personer från Piteå socken


This book presents the first comprehensive study of Dime, an endangered Omotic language spoken by about 5400 speakers in southwest Ethiopia. The study presents an analysis of the phonology, morphology and syntax of the language as well as a sample of ten texts and an extensive word list. The author identifies a number of interesting comparative and typological phenomena. These include a series of uvular and velar fricatives which have not been reported in related languages. Dime has a twoway grammatical gender distinction and a special pluralagreement, both manifested on modifying categories. Rather than inflecting the same base pronounforms for various cases, as is common in other Omotic languages, Dime uses distinct subject pronoun sets that are formally different from object, dative and other pronoun types. Phrasal wordorder is flexible; there is also a degree of flexibility in marking grammatical morphemes such as number, definiteness and case which may be marked either on the head noun or on the modifier or on both. Sentencetype distinction between interrogative and declarative clauses is partly expressed through morpheme reduction on the verb. That is, in the declarative, personagreement morphemes are obligatory whereas these must be dropped in the interrogative. These and a number of other issues discussed in the study make the work interesting for specialists on Omotic and Afroasiatic studies as well as to general linguists interested in language typology.


PIRSA:07120014 ( MP4 Medium Res , MP3 , PDF ) Which Format?
Abstract: In any attempt to construct a Quantum Theory of Gravity, one has to deal with the fact that Time in Quantum Mechanics appears to be very different from Time in General Relativity. This is the famous (or actually notorious!) "Problem of Time", and gives rise to both conceptual and technical problems. The decoherent histories approach to quantum theory, is an alternative formulation of quantum theory specially designed to deal with closed (no-external observer or environment) systems. This approach has been considered particularly promising, in dealing with the problem of time, since it puts space and time in equal footing (unlike standard QM) . This talk develops a particular implementation of the above expectations, i.e. we construct a general set of "Class Operators" corresponding to questions that appear to be "Timeless" (independent of the parameter time), but correspond to physically interesting questions. This is similar to finding a general enough set of timeless observables, in the evolving constants approach to the problem of time.


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Research to identify the state of Armenian migrants in Turkey (2009)
Supported by the Norwegian government, qualitative research on the situation of Armenian irregular migrant workers in Turkey was accomplished in 2009. This challenging and unique undertaking included five focus group discussions and up to 150 in-depth interviews with representatives of NGOs working on migration issues, with businesses leaders, civil society activists, media, and the migrants themselves in Turkey. The research provides critical details on the state of Armenian migrants in Turkey, provides anecdotal evidence, increases awareness among Armenian and Turkish stakeholders of issues related to Armenian irregular migration to Turkey, and generates ideas for solutions to problems faced by migrants. The research has been widely referenced in Turkey, Armenia and internationally.
EPF commissioned Alin Ozinoğlu (Ozinyan) to research the state of Armenian migrant workers in Turkey. The research was conducted from April to August 2009.
• The majority of Armenian workers in Turkey are women.
• Schoolchildren with Armenian citizenship cannot go to public schools.
• When a child of an Armenian couple is born in Turkey, the parents cannot apply for the citizenship of their child. They cannot take him/her to Armenia, which means the child cannot receive an Armenian passport either.
• Armenian citizens were full of mistrust towards Turks before they came to Turkey. Their attitudes drastically changed shortly after their arrival.
A qualitative research on the situation of the Armenian irregular migrant workers in Turkey was accomplished in 2009, supported by Norwegian Government. This challenging unique undertaking included five focus group discussions, and up to 150 in-depth interviews with representatives of NGOs working on migration issues, businesses leaders, civil society activists, media, and the migrants themselves in Turkey. The research provides critical details on the state of Armenian migrant in Turkey, dispels anecdotal evidence, increases awareness among Armenian and Turkish stakeholders of issues related to Armenian irregular migration to Turkey, and generates ideas for solutions to problems faced by migrants. It has been widely quoted in Turkey, Armenia and internationally.
EPF commissioned Alin Ozinoğlu (Ozinyan) to research the state of Armenian migrants working in Turkey. The research was conducted from April to August 2009.
• Most of all the Armenian workers in Turkey are women.
• When a child of an Armenian couple is born in Turkey, the parents can't apply for the citizenship for their child. They can't take him/her to Armenia, so the child cannot receive an Armenian passport either.
• Armenian citizens were full of mistrust to Turks before they came to Turkey. Their attitudes drastically changed shortly after they arrive.
Please download the report from here:
Summary report on state of Armenian irregular migrants in Turkey
Full report on state of Armenian irregular migrants in Turkey
State of Armenian Irregular Migrants in Turkey
State of Armenian Irregular Migrants in Turkey from CRRC-Armenia
www.news.am: Armenian Immigrants' Children to Attend Turkish Schools (25.03.2010)
The Turkish authorities are trying to get over the awkward situation it found itself in after Turkish Premier Recept Erdogan's notorious statement.
Turkish Vice-Premier Bülent Arınç made a statement on the education of the illegal Armenian immigrants' children. Premier Erdogan's meeting with one of the influential members of the Armenian community Bedros Şirinoğlu scheduled for March 26 should be considered in this context. Bedros Şirinoğlu also admitted his responsibility for Erdogan's citing the wrong figures – 100,000 illegal Armenian immigrants in Turkey. In fact, 70,000 of the Armenians are Turkish citizens, and only 30,000 are illegal immigrants.
In his interview with Hurriyet, Archbishop Aram Atesyan, the Chairman of the Religious Council, pointed out that at his meeting with Vice-Premier Arınç ten days before he had informed him of the problem. The Turkish Vice-Premier promised his help. Atesyan pointed out his regret over Erdogan's statement in London, but the Turkish Premier explained later he had been misunderstood. The Archbishop pointed out that illegal Armenian immigrants' children in the streets are not of any benefit to Turkey. Therefore, they must be allowed to attend schools.
Vice-Premier Arınç pointed out that only Turkish citizens have the right to attend schools owned by national minorities residing in Turkey. The Turkish Government, however, believes that Christian children living in Turkey for various reasons must receive education. "I consider the problem from a human point of view. An 'illegal Armenian immigrant in Turkey' is not a problem for us. We allowed national minorities to open their schools, and the children of people that arrived here can attend them. I do not see any problem. I discussed the issue at the Government's sitting. Premier Erdogan welcomed the idea and issued a relevant instruction to the Minister of Education. I think progress will be made. The term 'illegal Armenian children' is not an end in itself for us. Turkey will not sustain any damage if these children attend our schools," Arınç said.
The report was published on news.am:
In English: http://news.am/en/news/17508.html
In Armenian: http://news.am/am/news/17508.html
In Russian: http://news.am/ru/news/17508.html
Selection of research papers, policy papers and other documents developed by EPF and partners
Full report on state of Armenian irregular migrants…
Summary report on state of Armenian irregular…


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Home News Further tough penalties for texting and driving
Further tough penalties for texting and driving
SHANE Rattenbury says that from September 1, tough new penalties will come into force for texting, using social media or the internet while driving.
"In this day and age we all have our phones on us most of the time and we are expected to be instantaneously responsive," Shane said.
"But using your phone while driving is perhaps the most dangerous form of driver distraction.
"Taking your eyes off the road, even for just a few seconds, can have devastating consequences. You are putting yourself and other road users at an incredible risk.
"There are, of course, existing penalties for using your phone while driving, including a $416 fine and three demerit points. These remain unchanged.
"From September 1, a new, separate penalty will be introduced for the use of a mobile device for messaging, social networking, mobile application or accessing the internet.
"This penalty will incur a fine of $511 and four demerit points, and reflects the seriousness of the conduct and the potential risk associated with this dangerous behaviour.
"Sadly, it is not uncommon to see drivers checking texts, Facebook, or other social media. ACT Government research has found that 13 per cent of ACT drivers admit to using a handheld mobile phone while driving – with four per cent of those drivers stating that they do this all the time.
Peter Frazer, the founder of National Road Safety Week and whose daughter Sarah was killed by a distracted driver in 2013, said Australians' "obsession with connection" was becoming a growing contributor in this "completely avoidable carnage".
"Just last week, Professor Rebecca Ivers noted that smart phone use is now so pervasive that 'for many people driving or walking seems to be a distraction from their use of social media'," Peter said.
"While it may be akin to an obsessive-compulsive disorder, use of your smart phone while driving always remains your choice. While you may be willing to put your life at risk, this foolish and unnecessary behaviour may result in some innocent person being maimed or killed. Putting vulnerable lives at risk is simply intolerable and I am pleased that the Minister and ACT Government have drawn a line in the sand.
"By increasing fines and demerit points, coupled with targeted education and enforcement campaigns, the ACT has sent a clear message, especially to novice drivers; your distracted driving is dangerous driving! If you can't control your unhealthy behaviour, you may be back to asking mum or dad for a lift."
Young and novice drivers are particularly vulnerable to the effects of driver distraction. Mr Rattenbury cited evidence which points to the fact that they have not yet "automated" many driving tasks and therefore have less capacity to devote to other tasks at the same time as driving.
"The four demerit points for this offence will result in the loss of licence for those provisional drivers who have not completed the Road Ready Course and increased their demerit point threshold to eight points," Mr Rattenbury said.
"Your text or Facebook message can wait until you arrive safely at your destination. So be patient, stay safe and put your phone away until you get there," he concluded.
An education campaign will be broadcast on social media during September to raise awareness of the new higher penalties. This will involve a 60-second animated video which will be broadcast on Facebook.
demerit points
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Frydenberg has cut deeming rates, but what are they?
'Kinky Boots' delivers the goods
"Kinky Boots" is a feel-good musical and great entertainment. This production at The Q really delivers the goods, says reviewer LEN POWER.
Car thief leaves vehicle burning in NSW
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What, March already?!? Time flies when you're having fun! Like the big, fat, exquisite, tin roofy fun you can only find in Queenstown, the fun epicentre of the fun South Island. Fun.
Holding up these and many other walls are gabion baskets. They look like a bad art school project about industry vs nature, or some such. Here they are decorated with massive bolts. This is a pretty main route for tourism and freight, and the main route to many satellite communities. All the architects and urban designers were on holiday when they were planning this retaining wall, so the engineers just cracked on with it anyway.
Photo © 2009 Alex Gilks.


The demolition of Tiger Stadium resumed today, after a last minute injunction and then a judges decision. To put it simply, Tiger Stadium is worth more to the City of Detroit dead than it would be if left to stand. At least in the immediate future.
"more vision less demolition". . . .yeah, but what is the scrap value of "vision" ?


No matter your insect problem-- be termites, cockroaches, or rodents-- nobody takes pleasure in the sight of a bug scampering throughout their walls and hallways. After all, lots of insects are understood to provide a variety of health threats, with some even known for bring diseases into your home. Unfortunately, when you spot one bug that typically suggests there are hundreds of them concealing someplace and prepared to more infest your house. When this takes place, you'll want to deal with the best pest control operator around to safeguard your home.
When the bed bugs are in your house, they'll be going from 1 place to another. Bed bugs are invasive pests Burney, CA that might be difficult to detect. They are best treated by an knowledgeable expert.
Bed bugs are rather more resistant and resistant than every other bug, consisting of rats and cockroaches in Burney, CA . Unless a bed bug was spotted, the very first symptom of an infestation is generally the existence of skin inflammation. As soon as bed bugs have attacked your house, they can be somewhat difficult to get rid of. They can be harder to treat than other household bug insects for a few reasons. Considering that they are tough to see, use a magnifying glass. They do not stay on the human that they are eating and so they will usually hide in clothing and try to get to a new place. They are not able to endure high temperatures, making heat a highly effective treatment approach .
Charge of bed bugs can spend some time and multiple follow-up treatments. Total control takes a carefully prepared and developed integrated strategy. Bed bug control does not need to be costly Burney, CA .
You will have to know the signals of a bedbug problem. An infestation is something which can occur to any person Burney, CA . As an example, be specific to look at where you have to take care of your bed bug infestation. If you're concerned you own a bed bug invasion, begin trying to find physical indicators of their existence. Bed bug infestations can impact a single bed in 1 space or a whole house or residential or commercial property. Chemical techniques aren't the only approach to manage bed bug invasions.
The Best Ways To Begin with Bed Bugs Exterminator or Pest Control Expert Burney, CA ?
Generally, skilled insect control business will employ a couple of choices of treatment techniques like vacuuming, cleansing, steaming and other mechanical techniques to absolutely get rid of the bed bug infestation. There are several bug control business that might assist you for the precise very same. Normally speaking, a lot of good insect control businesses will initially send out down a professional to run a visual examination of your house before quoting you a rate Burney, CA .
If you're not needed to leave your home for more than a number of hours throughout the extermination, or in case you are preparing for the pest control expert, there are a variety of methods to prevent taking bed bugs with you. As soon as you have the ability to observe that bed bugs have undoubtedly entered your house, it's not ever too early to attempt and find an exceptional bed bugs pest control expert Burney, CA Burney, CA . During a fumigation, your house will be dealt with in tarpaulin, which is usually anchored utilizing big containers of water you should supply. Whether a full house is infested, it might be necessary to spray below the house, which would increase the overall cost of services. Your house doesn't have to be plagued that you pick up bed bugs. Try to bear in mind that Do It Yourself insecticides alone are unlikely to rid your house of bed bugs, especially products which do not keep eliminating after they dry.


Planning for a busy Term 3.
Helping ICT leaders with major focus areas.
During term 3 ICT leaders have a variety of focus areas.
Finalising purchases for the 2017 school year.
Many schools seek to finalise purchases for the current year by the end of term three. We can provide quotes for most major products and services required by schools.
Program budget planning and indicative pricing to help prepare budgets for 2018.
We can provide you with accurate costings to help develop budgets for 2018. These figures will help you forecast your budget requirements and select the most appropriate options for your school.
Organising purchases to start the 2018 school year.
If you have an established platform and can plan for your 2018 needs we can provide a roll out process to ensure all your new year requirements are delivered and operational for the start of the new year.
BYOD programs for 2018 to share the ownership of student devices across your school community.
We can have your BYOD portal established and communicated with your school community in term 3 to be ready for the start of 2018. It is easy to set up and free for schools.
Staff PD planning and programs for term 3, 4 and term 1 2018.
product and platform or software specific.
directed at improved teaching and learning strategies.
incorporating STEM into the classroom.
Our PD sessions can be provided for your school, cluster, network or association at a convenient location to suit your needs.
Technical support and infrastructure upgrades to improve network efficiency and reliability.
Contact us for a free network audit report and quote for works required.
Designing interactive classrooms and connecting your school community.
We have a wide range of products, resources and training to help you improve the return on investment from your school's ICT program and how you connect this to your school community.
Developing an ongoing ICT plan for your school.
Our team has extensive experience and knowledge including teaching, school leadership and technical support in schools We will work with you to help develop a strategic plan for your school.
Our team of Education consultants can help your ICT plans and tailor solutions for your specific needs.
Greg is a former school principal who has been working in ICT throughout his 42 year career. He's able to work with your school to improve all aspects of your ICT program.


This is kind of tough....selling 2 of my ukes..
Kala Tobacco Sunburst Archtop...I was lucky enough to get one a couple of months ago..it has about 37 minutes on it..and best of all (and I'm serious), it was setup by Music Guy Mike! (I LOVE MGM! Does an amazing job and is really a nice guy)...anyway, it's perfect, selling with canvas/foam case..I paid about $360 setup and shipped with the case...looking for $275 obo plus shipping.
The second beauty, is my Ohana CK-50GS, with Gotoh friction tuners- this one has about 3 hours on it. This is a gorgeous instrument. Red cedar top with rosewood back and sides-ALL SOLID...very light.
Looking for $200 plus shipping. I can include a canvas/foam tenor case; it will fit securely because the case has velcro tie downs that keep the uke perfectly snug-just looks a little funny when you open the case and see the uke in a too big case.


The Count of Monte Cristo (French: Le Comte de Monte-Cristo) is an adventure novel by Alexandre Dumas. It is often considered, along with The Three Musketeers, as Dumas's most popular work.
In this, the last of the Three Musketeers novels, The Man In The Iron Mask builds on the true story of a mysterious prisoner held incognito in the French penal system, forced to wear a mask when seen by any but his jailer or his valet. .
Dumas's 'Celebrated Crimes' was not written for children. The novelist has spared no language -- has minced no words -- to describe the violent scenes of a violent time.
The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later is the last of the Musketeer novels. It is usually divided into four volumes, The Vicomte de Bragerloone, Ten Years Later, Louise de la Vallière, and The Man in the Iron Mask. This is the second of those 4 volumes, Ten Years Later.
The Vicomte of Bragelonne: Ten Years Later is the last of the Musketeer novels. It is usually divided into four volumes, The Vicomte de Bragerlonne, Ten Years Later, Louise de la Vallière, and The Man in the Iron Mask. This is the first of those 4 volumes, The Vicomte de Bragerlonne.


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Arts/Lit
‹‹ Alibi V.28 No.25 • June 20-26, 2019 ››
| PRINT | EMAIL | PERMALINK
Art Magnified
Flight of Spirit
New book celebrates the photographs of Anne Noggle
By Clarke Condé
Flight of Spirit: The Photographs of Anne Noggle edited by Martha A. Strawn, published by Museum of New Mexico Press, 2019
"The saga of fallen flesh" is how Anne Noggle described the aging process she spent her photography career documenting. Noggle's interest in photographing older women holds a place in the canon of American photography that few have sought to match. Young women have an easy beauty photographed ceaselessly, but Noggle had little interest in them. "I find young faces a tabula rasa, nothing is written there," she said. "They are empty until they reach their 40s. Then they become photographable."
Noggle came to New Mexico to study art history at the University of New Mexico after her years (and similarly pioneering career) as a pilot came to a premature end due to lung surgery, the result of her brief stint doing crop-dusting work. Discovering photography while at UNM, her own aging, her mother's and those around her became her subject. Her approach was straightforward, but not cold. Her photographs relate empathy, not sympathy. Noggle's greatness was her ability to master one of the most difficult, and rarely attempted, feats in photography by creating work that is not really about "the other." Noggle's portraits often look like they are of her, if she was that other person.
A prime example is her series on elderly female pilots. Noggle photographed American Women Airforce Service Pilots (her former compatriots in WWII), and then not long after the Berlin Wall fell, the Soviet Airwomen (nicknamed "Night Witches" by the Nazis receiving the business end of their bombing raids). What is remarkable is how Noggle captures their similarity not in their uniforms or posing, but in their expressions. On opposite sides of the Cold War for most of their lives, they could easily be substituted for one another. Noggle captures the stories that each woman has etched in their face from long lives lived in vastly different places with similar results.
The new book Flight of Spirit: The Photographs of Anne Noggle is a brilliant, though by no means exhaustive, collection of some of Noggle's finest work. Rich in the dusty zones of now-discontinued Plus-X film, her portraits themselves now show another level of aging. Her interspersed poetry is also a nice touch, breaking up the collections. In total, Flight of Spirit stands as a definitive record of one of the great photographers of the 20th century.
Flight of Spirit:
The Photographs of Anne Noggle
Edited by Martha A. Strawn
Museum of New Mexico Press
anne noggle
flight of spirit: the photographs of anne noggle


The Rambler women's bootie from Bare Traps is the perfect transition piece to take you through the seasons. Its faux suede upper is oh-so-soft and the textured toe is extra durable for seasonal wear. Finished with a rouched ankle and buckle detail, this bootie goes great with any outfit.


Texas Bankruptcy Attorney R.J.Atkinson helps people & businesses in Texas file for Bankruptcy under Chapters 7, 11, & 13. As a Texas Bankruptcy Lawyer, R.J. Atkinson has helped thousands eliminate millions of dollars in debt through bankruptcy. If you need relief from credit card debt, foreclosure, repossession, IRS tax problems, a lawsuit, or past due child support, filing for bankruptcy may be an option.
Filing for Bankruptcy might help you to regain control of your finances. Contact Texas Bankruptcy Attorney R.J. Atkinson for a free bankruptcy evaluation.


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Home Baseball News Yankees vs. Indians odds, line: MLB picks, June 8 predictions from model...
Yankees vs. Indians odds, line: MLB picks, June 8 predictions from model on 25-15 roll
The slumping New York Yankees look to get back on track when they take on the host Cleveland Indians in the second of a three-game series on Saturday. The Yankees (39-23), first in the American League East, have lost four of five and are just 1-4 in their last five road games, while the Indians (32-31), second in the AL Central, have won three of the last four games. First pitch from Progressive Field is set for 4:10 p.m. ET. The latest Yankees vs. Indians odds show New York at -132 on the money line (risk $132 to win $100), while the over-under for total runs scored is 10. Before making any Yankees vs. Indians picks of your own, be sure to check out the MLB predictions from the SportsLine Projection Model.
This model, which simulates every game 10,000 times, has returned almost $600 in profit on its top-rated MLB picks in 2019. It also entered Week 11 on a strong 25-15 run on top-rated MLB money line picks. Anybody who has been following it is way up.
Now the model has dialed in on Yankees vs. Indians. We can tell you it's leaning over 10 runs, and it also says one side of the money line has all the value. You can only see that pick at SportsLine.
The Yankees will send left-hander CC Sabathia (3-2, 3.61 ERA) to the mound. Sabathia is 51-41 with a 3.81 ERA in 124 career starts at Progressive Field. It could be his last start in Cleveland, where he began his career. He is coming off a six-inning start vs. Boston, where he allowed seven hits, three earned runs, two home runs and no walks, while striking out eight in an 8-5 loss to the Red Sox.
Second baseman DJ LeMahieu (.317) has been red hot and had an 11-game hitting streak snapped on Friday night. During the streak, LeMahieu was 16-for-50 (.320) with four doubles, three homers and 15 RBIs. Clint Frazier (.275) has hit in four of the past five games, including a 2-for-3 performance with a double and an RBI on Friday. He is 6-for-17 (.353) with a double, home run and three RBIs during that stretch.
But just because New York has a dominant offense does not mean it is the best value on the Yankees vs. Indians money line.
That's because the Indians have been playing well of late, going 4-2 so far in June and 6-4 over the last 10 games. For the season, they are 18-15 at Progressive Field. Right-hander Adam Plutko (1-1, 6.35 ERA) is scheduled to be recalled back to the Majors to make the start in place of injured Jefry Rodriguez, who is out with a shoulder strain. Plutko has pitched 11 1/3 innings at the big-league level this season, including a six-inning, one hit, one run performance against the Baltimore Orioles in a 4-1 victory on May 18.
Statistically, the Indians have the edge over the Yankees in a number of categories, including doubles (89 to 87), walks allowed (173 to 190), strikeouts (587 to 581) and strikeout-to-walk ratio (3.37 to 3.05). Left fielder Oscar Mercado (.288) has been swinging a hot bat for Cleveland, going 4-for-8 with a home run over the past three games, while second baseman Jason Kipnis (.214) broke out of a prolonged slump on Friday, going 2-for-3 with two RBIs in a 5-2 win over the Yankees.
So who wins Indians vs. Yankees? And which side of the money line has all the value? Visit SportsLine now to see which side of the Indians vs. Yankees money line you should be all over, all from the advanced model that has crushed its MLB picks, and find out.
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NFC Championship: Buccaneers' Antonio Brown undergoes MRI on knee, no serious damage found
NFC Championship: Buccaneers' Antonio Brown undergoes MRI on knee, no serious...
The Bucs received good news on Brown this week


Building a family business is one thing, creating a highly scalable tech start-up that has family values infused through its DNA, is something else.
Sean Breuner is the Founder and CEO of AvantStay, the future of millennial travel. AvantStay is a hospitality tech company, providing guests with short term stays across the US.
Breuner saw an opportunity when realising that when travelling, increasingly people favor unique, localised experiences staying in short term rentals that feel like family homes, over chain hotels. He wanted to build a business that gave guests consistent luxury experiences, at scale. In essence, combining the best of hotels and short term rentals, and revolutionising the real estate and hospitality industries, using technology.
Maybe not so surprising is the fact entrepreneurship runs through Breuner's blood. His family started a furniture company that went on to IPO, as well as a successful real estate business. Given this, Breuner already knew the potential challenges and upside of starting a business with a family member. When he saw a gap in the market to modernise the real estate industry via scalable tech, he approached his brother Josh to join him.
A key lesson, Breuner shares, is to trust each other's capabilities. Josh helps run the operations side of the start-up, while Sean, a Columbia Business School alum, former investment banker and tech start-up exec, focuses on technology, fundraising, hiring and growth. There's a level of transparency and open communication that family members working together share that is hard to find anywhere else.
At the heart of the business, the two brothers view "family extended" as integral to all their actions and ethos. AvantStay's team is extended family, and the start-up's guests are made to feel part of the family too. The vision, Breuner says is to "create memories by bringing friends and family together".
And it's working. A significant percentage of bookings are made by young families and professionals, and the company is growing at 400 per cent quarter over quarter. AvantStay has managed to capture the millennial desire for shared experiences, valued over material things.
Guests feel they are staying in a family home, with all the conveniences provided thanks to AvantStay's utilising the Internet of Things (IOT hardware). Homes have keyless entry pads, Amazon Echos, some are even pre-programmed with welcome home notes, and concierge services such as local restaurant recommendations. The result is a business that feels high touch, experiential and bespoke, while simultaneously backed by technologies of scale.
What's next for this exciting start-up? They have been approached by a number of strategic partners and having already perfected the model, now have plans to grow the business dramatically. One to watch for 2018? Our money is on this familial business, with a highly scalable digital future.


ClearSight™ daily disposable contact lenses save you the time and effort of cleaning your contacts every day. Simply insert a new pair in the morning, and you're ready for the day. Convenient and comfortable, ClearSight 1-day contacts are the right choice for anyone looking for trusted value in a daily contact lens.


Explore the noodle worthy of royalty in this traditional Japanese treat.
The humble soba noodle didn't start out humble at all. This modern day favorite of millions of Japanese and enthusiastic fans around the world began as a dish reserved only for the Shogun and his feudal lords, the Daimyo, during the Edo period in Japan. Which means the world didn't have its first taste until well after 1868 when their rule finally ended.
INGREDIENTS: Vegetables: Bok Choy, Broccoli, Red Bell Pepper, Carrots, Expeller Pressed Canola Oil, Garlic. Soba Noodles: Organic Soba Noodles (Organic Sifted-Wheat Flour, Organic Buckwheat Flour, Sun-Dried Sea Salt), Water. Chicken: Boneless Dark Meat Chicken, Water, Rice Starch, Lemon Juice Concentrate, Garlic, Ginger, Vinegar. Teriyaki Sauce: Water, Gluten Free Reduced Sodium Tamari (Water, Soybeans, Salt), Cane Sugar, Ginger, Native Corn Starch, Toasted Sesame Seed Oil. Contains 2% or Less of: Garlic, Expeller Pressed Canola Oil, Lemon Juice From Concentrate, Sesame Seeds, Cayenne Pepper.


text:
Q: Unable to style links with CSS Ok, sorry in advance for the question for being silly and very specific, but I just cannot figure this out.
I am simply trying to style two
 elements that are positioned as such:

text

. Also, I want to style the footer to be white.
I don't know what is wrong in my code, what is preventing it from happening.

@import url('https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@400;700&display=swap');
html,
body {
  height: 100vh;
  font-family: 'Roboto', sans-serif;
  color: #ffffff;
  background-color: #0e2a47;
}

.Titlebanner {
  display: block;
  width: 50%;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: center;
  border-color: #48ffd5;
  border-radius: 1em;
}

.Titlebanner h1>a {
  color: #ffffff;
  font-weight: 700;
  font-size: 2em;
  text-decoration: none;
  border-bottom: 2px solid #48ffd5;
}

ul {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  justify-content: center;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
}

nav li {
  list-style: none;
  display: flex;
  margin: 2em;
  padding: 1em;
  border-radius: 1em;
  border: 2px solid #48ffd5;
}

/* --------------Here is what I've tried to modify but doesn't work-------*/

a:hover,
a:visited,
a:link,
a:active {
  color: white;
  text-decoration: none;
}

/*---------------------------------------*/

.body {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
}

.ranking {
  width: 8%;
  height: 4em;
  background-color: grey;
  align-items: center;
  position: -webkit-sticky;
  position: sticky;
  top: 0.5em;
}

.ranking>ul {
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.ranking>ul>li {
  margin: auto
}

.Analysis {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: row;
  margin: auto;
  width: 80%;
  justify-content: center;
  text-align: justify;
}

/*---------------------- and here for the footer -------*/

footer>a {
  display: block;
  width: 30%;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  text-align: center;
  color: white;
}

/*-----------------------------------------------*/

Impact of Privacy Policies on Users' Lives

Results

Analysis

First Place

Second Place

      text

      About us

A: You are trying to access the a tag that is a direct child in your footer use footer a or footer > span > a instead
I am not sure why your header styling is not working, I guess it has to do with specificity try simplifying your selector header > h1 > a to header a and change a:hover to header a:hover
also try not to use capital symbols when naming classes

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


This pedestrian bridge is 36 meters tall, rising 12 stories above the road. It is popular for being the highest pedestrian bridge in Singapore. This 300-metre bridge connects two parks, Telok Blangah Hill and Mount Faber.


It's Day #12 of I Like Big Bundts 2. The Food Librarian's 30 days of Bundts. I was crazy enough to do this last year, and I'm back again for more of my favorite dessert on the planet: the lovely Bundt cake. November 15th is National Bundt Day (and Katrina's of Baking and Boys' birthday!!). I do hope you bake along with me that day!
I love me the pumpkin. Since it is 80-something degrees today in Los Angeles, we need to get our "fall" via food. Pumpkin, persimmons (I'm talking to you @waffles and KClibrarygang!), and Trader Joe's Spiced Apple Cider. I read tweets about snow falling and flights delayed because of the weather, and we are going through our usual Santa Ana winds (fierce winds that take heat from dessert and blow 'em into Southern California. Watch out for fires. Allergies or asthma? Stay indoors. And your skin? Buy lotion at Costco and bathe in it).
Scoop half the batter into the prepared 12-cup Bundt pan and then spread the streusel (cinnamon, allspice, brown sugar and butter) on top. The topping isn't supposed to touch the walls of the Bundt pan, but I was tired and missed a few. Then the rest of the batter is placed on top.
I just got back from the Internet Librarian conference in Monterey, CA last night. Luckily, I was on the earlier flight and got back at a decent hour. My colleagues' 9 pm flight was delayed until 11:30 pm. Eeck. I came home, took the new doggie out for a walk (she is soooo much better from her illness - she is like a whole new excited doggie) and baked up this Bundt! It is really moist and I topped it with a powdered sugar and orange juice glaze.
Cut butter into the sugar and spices until crumbly.
1. Preheat oven to 350° F. Prep 12-cup Bundt pan (I use Pam with Flour spray).
2. Make streusel and set aside.
3. Whisk together flour, cinnamon, baking soda and salt in a bowl.
4. Cream sugar and butter together until light and fluffy (about 3 minutes with the paddle attachment).
5. Add eggs one at a time, scraping down sides of bowl.
6. Add pumpkin, sour cream and vanilla.
7. With mixer on low, add in flour mixture until just combined.
8. Spoon half batter into pan.
9. Top with streusel mixture. Don't let streusel hit the sides of the pan.
10. Top with the rest of the batter.
11. Bake for 55 to 60 minutes (depending on your oven) until toothpick or skewer comes out clean. Mine took 55 minutes.
12. Cool for 30 minutes in pan, then depan and cool completely.
13. Top with glaze of powdered sugar and orange juice (can also use milk or cream).
Yum! Keep the bundts coming!
yeah now that you put sour cream in there it's really awesome. I like big bundts!
Libby's is awesome. i just used their pumpkin pie mix to make some pumpkin pie popsicles. it's been seriously warm up here. where is Fall?
Yours looks great - who cares if the streusel moves? I love all your bundt recipes - I got a pan for Christmas and haven't used it yet, but I'm breaking it out this weekend!
OMG. This just leapfrogged over my original Bundt for the MIL (since she wanted me to bring something for dessert that she could also use as leftovers for the breakfast table).
Pumpkin + Bundt + Streusel = awesome!
I'm loving the look of the swirl, no matter where it ended up! You can't beat pumpkin bundt.
Ahh, thanks for the early birthday shout out! You amaze me.
Streusel and pumpkin! I'm all over this bundt!
1. I am very excited to make this! Looks wonderful, as do your other bundt creations!
2. My husband actually presented at the Internet Librarian conference! He presented on the first day, under the mobile track, in a presentation called "Designing a Mobile Experience."


Fourteen-year-old Evan Jones — with mom, Charlete, and canine pal, Herman — does an incredible job of managing his type 1 diabetes.
Charlete Jones remembers a nagging sense of dread as she watched her toddler, Evan, begin to display unusual symptoms.
Over time, more problems appeared and, at 17 months, Evan took a sharp turn for the worse. "After not being able to keep much food or drink down, he woke one morning with dark circles under his eyes and started having trouble breathing," Charlete said.
She rushed him to his doctor, who at first thought Evan was having an asthma attack. But he soon determined that Evan had diabetic ketoacidosis, a dangerous complication of type 1 diabetes that can lead to death.
"His blood sugar was so high that doctors put him in a coma, so they could slowly bring it down," Charlete said.
Soon, Evan was on his way to Rady Children's Hospital-San Diego, where he spent four days in the intensive care unit. He then became a patient of Michael Gottschalk, M.D., Ph.D., chief of the Endocrinology/Diabetes Division at Rady Children's and clinical professor, the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine. Rady Children's offers a comprehensive diabetes program to help children and their families manage the disease. Caring for more than 1,000 children with diabetes each year, the program is consistently ranked by U.S. News & World Report as one of the best pediatric diabetes and endocrinology programs in the nation.
Dr. Gottschalk noted that Evan's diabetes diagnosis, at such a young age, reflects a trend in the United States and around the world. "It used to be that most type 1 diabetes cases presented in children around puberty," he said.
For Evan, now 14, diabetes is simply a way of life. He watches his diet, is active and wears an insulin pump on his waist, which looks more like a pager than a sophisticated medical device.
Dr. Gottschalk said Evan's blood sugar has been well-controlled, largely due to the care of his supportive family.
"They have done an incredible job of controlling his disease," Dr. Gottschalk said. "Even though we're treating Evan, type 1 diabetes requires a lot of attention to a daily regimen of insulin, carbohydrate values, and being prepared to intervene if blood glucose goes too low or too high. Nobody gets a vacation from type 1 diabetes." As if living with diabetes was not difficult enough, Evan must also deal with celiac disease, which he developed in 2006.
Triggered by foods containing gluten, such as wheat, celiac disease causes inflammation of the intestines. "Children with type 1 diabetes have an increased risk of developing celiac disease," said Kimberly Newton, M.D., director of Rady Children's Pediatric Celiac Disease Center and Evan's doctor.
For his part, Evan seems to take everything in stride, testing his blood sugar about six times a day with a finger stick and learning to handle all aspects of his care as part of becoming more independent.
"The last thing I'm working on is learning to change the infusion site of my insulin pump," he said. The infusion site must be changed every three days and requires inserting an infusion needle in the stomach.
Evan is also getting plenty of support from his entire family.
For more information about Rady Children's Diabetes Program, click here.


text:
DARRYL MATTHEWS, SR.
A practiced and proven leader, Darryl Matthews has served as executive director and chief operating officer of the National Association of Black Journalists, the National Medical Association, and the National Association of Black Accountants. A former general president of Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity, Inc., Matthews currently serves as an outreach officer for the City of Atlanta's Department of Procurement, whose mission includes the promotion of equity, fairness, and economic inclusion.


Recently I was de- friended on face book, from someone who was a part of my world and it really disturbed my peace.
Have you been de-friended off facebook or blocked on instagram?
I get the reasons why we do it. Large lists of friends who post crazy stuff we are not interested in, ex- bosses who are no longer a part of our worlds. I am not talking about these examples, I mean when we are blocked by someone we have had tea with, someone whose been to our house for dinner, with no conversation about what matters. People in our worlds.
My lack of peace, had nothing to do with whether I was friends with this person online (we have since had coffee and caught up), what unsettled me was the culture we are immersed in that makes it so easy to shut people out of our lives.
This online reality that we all face, is creating dysfunction in the way that we communicate and relate to one another especially as women.
This is one of the reasons why we began Kinwomen. We wanted to bring a positive voice of change in this ever evolving culture.
I am far from perfect, battling everyday how I respond, grow and change in this arena.
One moment, a person who we have never met, is adding us and calling us friend on facebook and in the next moment someone who sat at our table, who you had enjoyed many cups of tea with, suddenly is now: de friended! Is that even a word?
How do we find peace between our everyday realities and our online persona's?
When will our competition and comparison ever end?
When will the dysfunction by all our editing, filtering and opinions stop?
What will happen to society if we don't make peace with our online selves?
When will we say enough is enough.
As a mother of young children, it is easy to spend my days numbing my reality with a quick flick through facebook, a long linger on instagram and a fantasy laden session on pinterest.
It is easier to flick a friend an instant message on facebook, than the same amount of time it takes to press call on the same device and have a normal conversation.
We live vicariously through other aquaintences holiday photos, forgetting the discomfort, the custom lines, the travel sickness and the arguments that were never posted about.
We shout at each other over status debates and feel upset when we ignore each other in the supermarket aisle.
When will we make peace with our online personalities and reality of our everyday lives?
or maybe in the mixing bowl of a cake made with kindness or the hot oven of some muffins baking.
I kind of think peace will be discovered when we lay down our phones, drive over to our friends house and sit on their front step, even when we have deeply disappointed them in our behavior and words.
I think peace will reign when we smile at the forgotten, stop gossiping about the woman having the affair, when we sit quietly listening to the addict and we love the unlovable.
I think peace is available to all of us.
But it will take some of us saying.
This month I am committing myself to start conversations that matter, logging out often and sitting with a friend over coffee.
Hoping to find peace; in an online saturated world.
Peace from within and peace all around.


Summer is coming to an end. And you know what that means.
Is that the hint of a cold wind I'm feeling?
It's September. September made a lovely song for Frank Sinatra and Eartha Kitt, and it's a good time to be outdoors – just as long as you've got something warm on and you're prepared for all eventualities. Yes, we get those wonderful late summers, but you never quite know where you are at this stage of the year. With one exception.
The time you need your furnace to kick in is usually when it doesn't.
When you haven't used a mechanical device for some time, you always have that niggling concern: will it start when I need it to? Snow Blowers in December. Lawnmowers in May. And Furnaces right about… Well, right about now.
With any luck, yours is good for a few more years, but for all of us (yes, us – HVAC people have to replace theirs, too), there comes a time when you know that going into a new winter with an old furnace is a gamble too far.
In Need of a New Furnace?
Has that time come for you? If so, you know you'll get a square deal and a fair deal from Climate Control Services. Nobody is better at helping customers to pick the right furnace for their home or office building. And, having helped choose it, we are the guys to install it for you.
Climate Control Services is family owned and family operated and our aim is to make sure you have the comfortable environment your family and your business needs. We are an American Standard installer, all our staff are NATE certified, and our business comes the way we like it to: referrals from satisfied customers.
If it's time to renew your furnace, call us today. You won't be rushed into any decision – we'll work this through together – and you'll be set for many more comfortable years and a price that won't break the bank.
License to Chill: Is a New AC Unit Really Worth It?


The Australian O carnival Model events can be visited on Friday 22nd September. Competition starts with the Australian Sprint Championships in Bathurst on the 23rd and concludes with the Australian Relay Champs in Hill End on 1st October. Follow the rainbow to seek your gold….


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On as observed in Western European churches.
On the first of May this year, Hungary will join the European Union together with nine other new member states. Besides the economic and social differences still apparent between Eastern and Western Europe, there are also cultural differences which are most politically significant concerning religion. In a recent article in the German newspaper "Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung", the journalist Karl-Peter Schwarz stated that "the laic public recognizes with anxiety that to one part of European Christians, the Christian foundation of European unity is much more important than they had expected. " (Schwarz, 2004. My translation. ).
According to the Hungarian constitutional lawyer Andri?? s Saji?? , this trend comes for the most part from the Eastern and Central European member states. These observations indicate that the Eastern European states, and so Hungary as well, differ remarkably in their degree and kind of secularization from Western Europe. I argue that the role of religion in Hungary today is the result of two forces: the heritage of communism which gives it a distinctive feature, and the almost pathological will to catch up with Western Europe, which rapidly confronted the Hungarian churches with similar problems as observed in Western European churches.
The decisive absence of ideological secularism in Hungary or the heritage of fifty years of communism Karl-Peter Schwarz draws a clear distinction between 'secularization' and 'secularism'. Secularization, which he defines according to the three principles of Josi?? Casanova1 (Asad, 2003, p. 181), was a prerequisite of modernity and " a necessary and irreversible process, that was acknowledged by the catholic church in the Second Vatican Consultation. " But we should not confuse this with secularism, which was an "ideological and political" movement.
The coherence of secularization and secularism is regarded by Schwarz and many other scholars (e. g. Peter L. Berger) as a "mainly Western European special case" (Schwarz, 2004. My translation). Exactly these outlooks characterize one side of the role of religion in Hungary today: the heritage of communism and the late modernization caused the absence of secularism (as defined by Schwarz) and produced a very different valuation of secularization in Hungarian politics.
On the 'Renovabis conference about secularization and pluralism in Eastern and Central Europe', the sociologist Mikli?? s Tomkai, talking about the situation of the Hungarian church, defined "the heritage" as following: "we learned to adapt to the status of persecution, but we did not prepare for the challenges of modern society" (Tomkai, 2003. My translation. ) During the communist era, religious practice was severely restricted due to the anti-religious communist doctrine. Especially the catholic priests and organizations continued to work in the underground (cf. Stefka, 2004).
Thereby they strengthened the society and gave hope to the people, of whom the biggest part did not believe that they would live to see their liberation from the communist dictatorship. After 1989, this exlusively positive (because anti-communist) role of the church had the effect that "it produced a protector-mechanism, which understands any attitude to criticize the church as a politically leftist church-hostility" ( Buda, 1993. My translation). Thus since the fall of the Communist regime, every political party tried to win the zestfulness of the church, in order to underline that it broke up with the communist tradition.
This indicates that a separation between state and church does not yet properly exist in Hungary in practice. In theory, the separation of Hungarian state and church was laid down by law already in 1895. After the fall of the iron curtain, the "1990/4 act restated the freedom of the church, but did not regulate a couple of issues properly". Balog, a political scientist, who said this in an interview with the Hungarian newspaper "Magyar Nemzet", means the "paternalism of the state".
Since during the decades of communist regime, the church lost most of its financial basis, it is highly dependent today on financial aid from the state. All governments since 1989 exploited this circumstance to a certain degree, because " evidence showed that the state can donate the churches more or less, dependent upon the degree of return the party at power gets from a certain denomination". In November 2003, the Hungarian government appointed a commission that should work out a new frame of financing the churches; one that should be independant from the influence of the state.
(Balavi?? ny, 2003. My translation. ) Still this is not easy because it is impossible to switch to complete financing by the believers, because e. g. a big part of them comes from the lower strata of the society (cf. Tomka, 2003 and Stefka, 2004). Another severe problem of the Hungarian church is that due to the restrictions of the communist regime, " in Hungary today, the church still lives in a kind of confinement … It has very little possibilities to reach the people … " (Balavi?? ny, 2003. My translation).
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text:
To Boost The Economy, Fight Chronic Disease
By Gene Huang
12/07/19 AT 11:48 AM
Medical equipment sits in labeled bins inside of a doctor's office in New York in this March 17, 2010 file photo. Photo: Reuters
To understand the health of an economy, look at the health of those who participate in it.
About six in 10 U.S. adults have at least one chronic disease, such as diabetes, cancer, or heart disease. These conditions, also called noncommunicable diseases, are expected to collectively cost the country $95 trillion by 2050.
We can avoid this multitrillion-dollar tax -- if we shift our focus from just treating these diseases to also preventing them from taking root in the first place.
Chronic diseases take a staggering toll on the economy. The direct costs are obvious -- most people with chronic conditions must manage treatment for years and make regular visits to their doctor.
The indirect costs of chronic diseases are even bigger. They can reduce productivity at the office or force people to miss work entirely. Chronic conditions can also compel workers to retire early, resulting in years of lost income.
In the United States, heart disease and stroke deprive our healthcare system of $199 billion each year and result in $131 billion in lost workplace productivity. Diabetes saps $237 billion from our healthcare system and employers each year.
By contrast, a healthy population boosts a nation's economic performance. Adding just one year to life expectancy increases GDP per capita by 4 percent, according to an analysis by the World Health Organization. Research published in Health Economics Review, an academic journal, found that investing in health can increase productivity, incomes, and "the wellbeing of the population."
Preventing chronic disease is a simple way to improve the health of an entire population -- and thus improve that population's economic prospects.
Even the simplest investments in prevention pay off over time. By one estimate, investing $10 per person per year in community-based programs that encourage people to exercise, eat better, and avoid smoking could yield $16 billion in annual medical cost savings within five years.
In other words, we'd get back $5.60 for every dollar invested in a program like this one -- a more than fivefold return.
Improving access to healthy foods could prevent people from developing heart disease or diabetes. The benefits of healthy eating could save the United States $114.5 billion each year, according to one study.
Fortunately, there are community-based programs that have successfully helped people beat back chronic diseases, but we need to reach more communities.
Take the year-long Diabetes Prevention Program the YMCA offers at more than 200 locations nationwide. Participants in this program work with coaches to lose up to 7 percent of their body weight and commit to 150 minutes of physical activity each week. These simple changes have proven to reduce the number of new type 2 diabetes cases by up to 71 percent in people 60 and older.
Abbott and its foundation the Abbott Fund have launched a series of partnerships called "Future Well" initiatives to fight chronic disease. These partnerships include Future Well Communities, which targets underlying social and economic barriers to good health in Stockton, Calif., and Future Well Kids, which helps instill healthy habits in kids aged 10-13.
The latter program brings groups of volunteers to schools in eight states to empower kids to take charge of their health through small changes, like planning healthy meals, setting fitness goals, and parsing good nutrition advice from misinformation and health fads.
Today's children are tomorrow's workers. If we can build healthier communities and instill healthy habits in our children, they'll have a better chance of warding off chronic diseases in adulthood and reaching their full potential.
Chronic diseases are a major threat to our economy. Preventing them is the key to securing a prosperous future.
Gene Huang, Ph.D., is vice president, chief economist at Abbott.
German Business Confidence Increases Slightly In October
Coronavirus Vaccine Less Effective Against New COVID-19 Strains: Fauci


Dispatchers confirmed one person was hurt by the zoo's baby rhinoceros during a private encounter.
The Cincinnati Fire Department was called to the Cincinnati Zoo & Botanical Garden Tuesday morning after a report that someone was bitten by a rhinoceros, according to dispatchers.
District 4 dispatch confirmed one person was hurt by the zoo's baby black rhinoceros Kendi during a private encounter.
"We heard that a citizen was having a private encounter with a baby rhinoceros and they got bit on the finger," a District 4 dispatcher said.
The incident is under review, according to zoo spokeswoman Michelle Curry. The incident occurred during a standard, behind the scenes tour with staff. Hundreds of people do the same tour every year without incident, she said.
The zoo tweeted an update Tuesday afternoon.
"Kendi, the one-year-old rhino, nipped the tip of an adult male's right index finger during a behind the scenes encounter earlier today. The guest is being treated for a minor injury and expected to be fine," zoo officials said via social media.
Kendi, the one-year-old rhino, nipped the tip of an adult male's right index finger during a behind the scenes encounter earlier today. The guest is being treated for a minor injury and expected to be fine.
The zoo's black rhino Seyia gave birth to Kendi, which means "the loved one" in Swahili, in July 2017. She was the first black rhino to be born at the Cincinnati Zoo since 1999. The species is critically endangered due to poaching and habitat loss. Fewer the 5,000 black rhinos remain in the world.
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