The commentary was done by Nakita and his BFF Dieter.
It was Daimler-Benz's first rear-engined civilian car and first attempt to enter the economy car market. The 130H (Heckmotor, Rear Engine) was powered by a rear-mounted, water-cooled 1,2 L flat four engine that produced 18 kW (25 hp). It was available in cabriolet and saloon body styles. Despite the low cost of 3,425 Reichsmarks (about $22,300 NZD in 2015 dollars), the production ended in 1936 due to poor sales and safety concerns. Since the heavy engine was mounted at the tail of the backbone chassis, the 130H suffered poor weight distribution that led to poor handling. The 130H was far superior to all its European competitors at the time. One of them was restored and can be seen on display at the Mercedes-Benz Museum in Stuttgart-Bad Cannstatt, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Fun fact: A Jewish engineer named Josef Ganz helped develop the 130H and other rear-engined civilian cars. There is so much controversy surrounding him. Some people believe that he was the real father of the Volkswagen Typ 1 (Käfer, Beetle). Spoiler alert: Nope, he wasn't.
"The world thought this was a drawing of the Volkswagen Typ 1," Nakita said and rolled his eyes.
"I think this is the cutest Mercedes-Benz," Dieter commented.
The G4 (Geländewagen, All-Terrain Car) was an off-roader used by top Wehrmacht (Defence Forces) officials before and during the Second World War. It was powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled 5 L straight-eight engine that produced 75 kW (100 hp). Halfway through its production, the engine was enlarged from 5 L to 5,2 L and 5,4 L and produced 85 kW (115 hp) and 80 kW (110 hp). The power was transferred through an unsynchronised four-speed manual transmission to the rear wheels or, optionally, all six (6x6). In order to avoid wearing out the heavy-tread tyres, the G4 was mechnically limited to 65 km/h (40 mph). Many German car enthusiasts didn't know it existed until they saw Hitler riding in one during the annexation of Austria in March 1938 (not pictured). Only 57 examples were produced, and one of them was restored and can be seen on display at the Mercedes-Benz Museum.
Fun fact: The G4 was evolved into the Mercedes-Benz G63 AMG 6x6, which has been in limited production since 2013. You can buy one today for just €450,000 (about $740,000 NZD).
"Most 6-wheel cars look stupid. This is how it's done," Nakita commented.
"It looks like a (Mercedes-Benz) 770 cabriolet with two more wheels," Dieter said in awe.
When Hitler went into power, many things in the German automotive industry took a turn for the better. He encouraged German automakers to experiment with the use of alternative fuel (diesel). The 260 D was one of the world's first diesel-powered passenger cars. It was powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled 2,5 L straight-four diesel engine that produced 33 kW (45 hp). Although the engine produced a lot of vibrations. It had fuel economy of 9 L/100 km (26 mpg), which is very impressive at the time. The 260 D was produced along with its petrol-powered twin, Mercedes-Benz 260 (W11). They were available in cabriolet, landaulette, roadster and saloon body styles. The 260 D's diesel technology was largely overlooked because the car had a dark history. The saloon model was very popular among the Geheime Staatspolizei (Secret State Police, or Gestapo) and the Schutzstaffel (Protection Squadron, or SS). Whenever people heard the tyres of a black 260 D screeching to a halt, trouble was to be expected. One of them was restored and can be seen at the Mercedes-Benz Museum.
There is a black 260 D Pullman (saloon) in the garage at my great grandparents' villa in Germany. My great grandfather bought it new as a personal car in 1937. It was recently professionally restored to original condition.
"My grandfather took us for a spin in my great great grandfather's 260 D. It was slow, but I loved it!" Nakita said.
"Me too, but I hated the vibrations. I think I lost a tooth or two," Dieter said.
The aluminium-bodied 710 SSKL (Super Sport Kurz Leichtbau, Super Sport Short Lightweight) Rennsport (Race Car) was powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled, supercharged 7,1 L straight-six engine that produced 225 kW (300 hp). It could reach speeds as fast as 235 km/h (145 mph). The 710 SSKL and its predecessors, 710 S, 710 SS and 710 SSK, were designed and developed by the real father of the Volkswagen Typ 1, Dr. Ing. h.c. Ferdinand Porsche. Only two examples were produced, and one of them can be seen on display at the Mercedes-Benz Museum.
Fun fact: Rudolf Caracciola was the first race driver to win the first Grand Prix race on the newly opened Nürburgring Nordschleife track on 19 Juni 1927. The car he drove was a 710 S.
"What about the 710 SSK Trossi (Roadster)?" Dieter asked curiously.
"It's a Mercedes-Benz with a non-Mercedes-Benz body," Nakita answered.
"A perfectly good race car ruined by Willie White, a coachbuilder that no one had heard of," I answered.
It was essentially a stripped down and militarised version of the Mercedes-Benz 320 luxury car. The 320 WK (Wehrmachtkübelwagen, literally Bucket Seat Car of the Defence Force) was powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled 3,2 L straight-six engine that produced 57 kW (75 hp). Only 90 examples were produced before the Second World War broke out in September 1939. Although it was criticised due to high production costs and poor off-road capability, it remained in service during the war. When Dr. Ing. h.c. F. Porsche GmbH was developing the Typ 82 Kübelwagen, it was so successful that the firm was ordered to put it into mass production in February 1940. The Typ 82 ultimately replaced all other LUVs (light utility vehicles). One of them can be seen on display at the Mercedes-Benz Museum.
"I love how those 1970s muscle car-like wheels look on this," Nakita commented.
"It's better looking than the boxy Typ 82," Dieter commented.
In 1937, the NSKK (Nationalsozialistisches Kraftfahrkorps, National Socialist Motor Corps), a German state-sponsored motor club, announced that there would be an endurance race between Berlin, Germany, and Rome, Italy. Porsche saw a great propaganda opportunity and built this stunning one-off. The Typ 64 was essentially a stripped down Porsche Typ 60 VW38, a prototype that would one day be known as the Volkswagen Typ 1, with a lightweight, streamlined body and a different engine. The body, which had fully enclosed wheels and a full belly pan, was made of precipitation-hardening Duraluminium alloy and it was only 0,5 mm (~1/48 in) thick. That is the thickness of five sheets of printing paper! Thanks to the weight reduction, the Typ 64 weighed only a mere 550 kg (1,215 lb). The rear-mounted, air-cooled flat four engine was enlarged from 985 cc to 1,13 L and produced 24 kW (32 hp). With a top speed of 140 km/h (90 mph), it easily qualified for the Berlin-Rome endurance race. Unfortunately, the race never happened due to the outbreak of the Second World War. Porsche eventually built a second car during the war. There is only one surviving example, and it was restored and can be seen on display at the Porsche Museum in Stuttgart-Zuffenhausen, Stuttgart, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
Fun Sad fact: A United States Army unit found one of the two Typ 64's hidden away near the Porsche family villa in Zell am See, Salzburg, Austria. They tried and failed to turn it into a cabriolet by cutting a hole in the roof. The Typ 64 was driven recklessly until the engine gave away due to negligence. Instead of checking the engine, the soldiers junked it.
"No respect!" Nakita said, scowling.
"Thanks, Obama! Er, I mean, Truman!" I said, scowling.
It was produced specially for the newly constructed high-speed Reichsautobahn (Motorway of the German Empire). The 540K Autobahn-Kurierwagen (Motorway Courier Car) was essentially a Mercedes-Benz 540K cabriolet A with a streamlined coupe body. Unlike the 540K cabriolet A, it could seat four. The 540K Autobahn-Kurierwagen was powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled, supercharged 5,4 L straight-eight engine that produced 135 kW (180 hp). The aerodynamics improved the car's speed and handling. Only two examples were produced, and one of them was restored and can be seen on display at the Mercedes-Benz Museum.
"Two 540K Autobahn-Kurierwagens and four 500K Autobahn-Kurierwagens all went to the Middle East," Nakita said and sighed.
"All oil comes from the Middle East. Oil is black gold, hence the paint," my husband said.
"It is the evilest looking car at the Mercedes-Benz Museum," Dieter said.
The world's most beautiful and advanced motorcycle that never was. The fully enclosed streamlined body was BMW's response to the growing Art Deco movement and the new Reichsautobahn. The bodywork was mounted on a pressed-steel frame and had telescopic forks. The R7 had fenders that partially wrapped around the wheels. The air-cooled 800 cc flat twin engine, which produced 25 kW (35 hp), was covered with streamlined sheet steel that incorporated with the body. Interestingly, the cylinders and cylinder heads were a single unit and the crankshaft was a single unit as well for improved strength. There was a glove compartment under the fuel tank and seat. On top of all this, the R7 had a car-like four-speed gear lever just right of the fuel tank. Sadly, the R7 had so many new innovations that BMW couldn't afford to put it into production, forcing the company to abandon the project. Instead of taking the R7 to the 1934 Berlin IAMA (Internationale Automobil- und Motorradausstellung, International Automobile and Motorcycle Exhibition), BMW put it in a wooden crate and buried it in an undisclosed location. The R7 was unearthed in 2005. It was badly damaged from mould and rust. Battery acid dissolved a good sized chunk of the motorcycle. BMW paid BMW Classic a fortune to have the R7 restored to original condition. It lost its originality, because many parts were redeveloped and remanufactured. Thr R7 can be seen on display at the BMW Museum in Olympiapark, Munich, Bavaria, Germany.
"I was an arm's length away from my favourite motorcycle in the world at the BMW Museum," Nakita said with a smug smile.
In 1933, the NSDAP (Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, National Socialist German Workers' Party) demanded German automakers to produce small economy cars that every working German could afford. Porsche, a small automotive design and engineering firm of only eleven people, took a stab at the competition in 1934. Hitler, who was fascinated by Dr. Porsche's race cars for Benz & Cie. Daimler-Benz and Auto Union, eventually got involved and ordered German automakers to stop developing, producing and selling economy cars by 1936. Despite the low monthly grants, limited access to tools and materials, poor working environment and skepticism from the Reichsverband der Automobilindustrie (Association of the Automotive Industry of the German Empire), an organisation that gave Porsche the grants, Porsche managed to produce 6 prototypes without any extra help. Satisfied with the prototypes, the DAF (Deutsche Arbeitsfront, German Labour Front), a state-funded organisation, took over the development and established a joint venture between Porsche, Daimler-Benz and Stuttgarter Karosseriewerk Reutter & Co. GmbH to produce fleets of prototypes for testing and promotional purposes. Daimler-Benz produced the chassis, Reutter produced the bodies and Porsche put them together and distributed them. The Typ 60 VW38 was the 7th prototype and there were 27 examples of it. Like its predecessor and successor, Porsche Typ 60 VW30 (30 examples) and Porsche Typ 60 VW39 (17 examples), the Typ 60 VW38 was powered by a rear-mounted, air-cooled 985 cc flat four engine that produced 17,5 kW (23,5 hp). There were three models of the Typ 60 VW38: a saloon, a saloon with a roll-back sunroof and a cabriolet. It eventually went into production as the KdF-Wagen (Kraft durch Freude Wagen, Strength through Joy Car) in 1941. In 1946, after the end of the Second World War, the production resumed, but the car was renamed Volkswagen Typ 1. Out of all Volkswagen prototypes, only two Typ 60 VW38's and one Typ 60 VW39 survived the war. One of the Typ 60 VW38's and the Typ 60 VW39 were restored and can be seen on display at the Autostadt in Wolfsburg, Landes Niedersachsen, Germany. The other Typ 60 VW38's is in the private collection of Christian Grundmann.
Go here to read about the development history of the Volkswagen Typ 1.
Fun fact: There are 1947 and 1951 Volkswagen Typ 1s in our garage. The former is a black saloon and it belonged to my great grandfather. He bought it new at the newly rebuilt Volkswagen plant in 1947. It was professionally restored to original condition and imported here from Germanyy. The latter is a saloon, and we are slowly restoring it.
"We're going to drive the 1947 Typ 1 to my grandparents' house for dinner tonight," Nakita said proudly.
"They're not the same anymore," Nakita agreed.
The most beautiful Mercedes-Benz of all time. It was powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled 7,7 L straight-eight engine that produced 110 kW (150 hp) without supercharger or 150 kW (200 hp) with. The 770 could reach speeds as fast as 160 km/h (100 mph). The most famous owner of the 770 was no one other than Adolf Hitler himself. His dark blue supercharged 770 cabriolet (W07) was designed and built specifically for him. It was equipped with seat heaters, foldable front passenger seat, so Hitler could stand up and salute, and gun compartments. It was armoured with 1,8 cm (0,75 in) thick steel panels and 4 cm (1,5 in) thick windscreen. Despite the armoury, the roof was made of canvas and the side windows were normal windows. The roof and side windows were folded down and rolled down most of the time, exposing the passengers. Hitler's 770 cabriolet weighted a whopping 4,800 kg (10,580 lb). Due to the weight, it could cruise at 130 km/h (80 mph). It was restored and can be seen on display at the Canadian War Museum in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
My great grandfather's garage happens to be home to two black supercharged 770s—a 1931 cabriolet (W07) and a 1940 Pullman (W150). He bought them new. They were professionally restored to original condition.
"The most beautiful car of all time," Nakita corrected, grinning.
"I second that," Dieter agreed.
Nakita asked me to add one more car that is not from the 1930s as a honourable mention.
The G63 is powered by a front-mounted, water-cooled, twin-turbocharged 5,5 L V8 engine that produces 420 kW (565 hp). The power is transferred through a 7-speed automatic transmission to the front, rear or all four wheels. Despite its boxy 35 year old body design, it is packed with a lot of technology. Heaters and fans to keep the leather seats warm or cool, many sensors, computers and warning systems, automatic transmission that lets you change gears manually using paddle shifters, you name it. The best part is the suspension. With proper tyre pressure, driving on the Autobahn at 200 km/h (125 mph) feels like driving a cloud. Believe it or not, it can actually go off-roading—with appropriate tyres, of course, not the equipped sport ones—and tow heavy loads. The G63 is essentially a gold-plated Tiger II tank.
We have a black one just like the one pictured in Germany. It is over 18,000 km (11,000 mi) away as we speak. Hoo boy do we miss it. We have a black 2015 Mercedes-Benz GL500 (X166) here. The hatch doesn't open like the G63. I am 162 cm (5,3 ft) tall and I feel like a football mum every time I try to reach the hatch to close it.
"Dad? Dieter and I are starting football next weekend," Nakita said sheepishly.
"Oh brilliant. Just brilliant. Now I feel like a real football mum," I said.


text:
Cambridgeshire was historically known as the County of Cambridge, and over time has grown to encompass other shires and towns. In 1965, Cambridgeshire and the Isle of Ely were combined while Huntingdonshire and the Soke of Peterborough were brought together. These two political entities were joined in 1974 to form Cambridgeshire. While the Cambridge remains the county town, famous for its world-renowned university, the Shire encompasses the cities of Huntingdon and Peterborough as well, and the Cathedral city of Ely. Below are two maps from John Speed's famous 1610 publication of Cambridgeshire and Huntingdonshire:
"John Speed – Map of Cambridgeshire – 1610 – 001" by John Speed – http://www.oldmap.co.uk. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.
"John Speed – Map of Huntingdonshire – 1610 – 001" by John Speed – http://www.oldmap.co.uk. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.
The Isle of Ely, once almost inaccessible due to its location in the fens, was brought into Cambridgeshire as well. Below is a map from 1648 of the Isle of Ely:
Isle of Ely 1648, by Joan Blaeu [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
The Soke of Peterborough, a hisotical name for the modern city of Peterborough, once belonged to Northhamptonshire, and is visible in the northeast corner of the Shire below:
"Pigot and Co (1842) p2.280 – Map of Northamptonshire" by Image extracted from page 280 of volume 2 of A Pocket Topography and Gazetteer of England. … Illustrated by maps of the English counties, and vignettes of cathedrals, etc, by James Pigot and Co. Original held and digitised by the British Library. This file is from the Mechanical Curator collection, a set of over 1 million images scanned from out-of-copyright books and released to Flickr Commons by the British Library. Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.
The excellent map above was from Pigot and Co., 1842. Their 1842 survey and publications have been scanned and provided to the public by the British Library, a treasure resource to us all. Below is the 1842 map of Cambridgeshire:
"Pigot and Co (1842) p2.280 – Map of Northamptonshire" by Image extracted from page 280 of volume 2 of A Pocket Topography and Gazetteer of England. … Illustrated by maps of the English counties, and vignettes of cathedrals, etc, by James Pigot and Co. Original held and digitised by the British Library. This file is from the Mechanical Curator collection, a set of over 1 million images scanned from out-of-copyright books and released to Flickr Commons by the British Library.View in BL GeoreferencerView image on FlickrView all images from bookView catalogue entry for book.English. Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons
And their 1842 map of Huntingdonshire:
"Pigot and Co (1842) p1.304 – Map of Huntingdonshire" by Image extracted from page 304 of volume 1 of A Pocket Topography and Gazetteer of England. … Illustrated by maps of the English counties, and vignettes of cathedrals, etc, by James Pigot and Co. Original held and digitised by the British Library. This file is from the Mechanical Curator collection, a set of over 1 million images scanned from out-of-copyright books and released to Flickr Commons by the British Library.View in BL GeoreferencerView image on FlickrView all images from bookView catalogue entry for book.Licensed under Public domain via Wikimedia Commons.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A record year for record closes on Wall Street. With a month still to go, 2017 has seen 63 all-time highs for the Dow and 70 for the Nasdaq. Richard explains why Christmas came early to the New York Stock Exchange.


text:
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What is a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC)?
Currently, there are two types of money most commonly used by businesses and customers: physical cash issued by the central banks and commercial bank money, which takes an electronic form as people's bank deposits. Central banks also produce digital money: these are the reserves held with them by the regulated financial institutions. However, up until recently, this hasn't been available to the larger public and is still the case in most countries. But CBDCs are bringing about a change.
CBDCs are an electronic form of central bank money that is available to the general public and to non-financial businesses for making payments and storing value. But unlike cryptocurrencies, CBDCs are issued and fully backed by the central banks, so it carries the same value and stability as the fiat currency in their country of origin. Instead of cash, they are digital tokens. CBDCs could essentially shape the online payment methods for future eCommerce transactions.
How is Stablecoin Different from a CBDC?
Stablecoins and CBDCs are somewhat similar but the major difference is that stablecoins are issued by private entities and not backed by central party. Whereas CBDCs are issued and backed by central banks. It has the same risk-free characteristics as central bank reserves or cash. A CBDC model has control of underlying technology and the ability of creating and destroying tokens that reside with the central bank, mostly on the basis of a clear regulatory and legal framework.
Another difference is the way in which they hold their value. CBDCs are the tokenized version of the fiat currency of their country of origin. Like cash, they are backed fully by the issuing central bank, which is mandated typically for maintaining the value of that fiat currency and is accountable for its activities in the public.
Meanwhile, private stablecoins seek to overcome the price fluctuations that are associated with the crypto assets by pegging their value to another asset, mostly to a national fiat currency. Stablecoin issuers have assets in place to back them so that the users can redeem any coins they have in fiat currency when they need to.
What are the Types of CBDC and its Use Cases?
CBDCs provide its country's unit of account - fiat currency - ensuring final settlement of payments between its financial institutions, and overseeing the smooth work and integrity of the payment system of its country. As part of this central bank framework, it is predicted that different types of CBDC would be used for different circumstances. There are two types of CBDCs: wholesale CBDCs and retail CBDCs.
Wholesale CBDC
Wholesale CBDCs are used to settle interbank transfers and other wholesale transactions between regulated financial institutions, potentially across borders. They operate similarly to financial institutions' existing reserve accounts with the central banks. However, they may also enable new conditions such as the final settlement of a payment or transaction depending on the delivery of a separate payment. They could also improve the efficiency, speed and safety of the wholesale payments.
Retail CBDC
Retail CBDCs are a digital form of fiat currency, that are intended to be used by people and non-financial businesses for making and receiving payments. As the online payment methods diversify, retail CBDC could be a part of it. They could be structured in two ways, offering either token-based, anonymous access to the users or account-based access that is rooted in verifying the identity of a user through some form of digital ID. They also offer the potential for person-to-person, person-to-business, and even government-to-person transactions.
The Future of CBDCs
It's paramount to remember that CBDCs are mostly still in development - or are in early infancy, where they already exist. It will take some time to know before we know what CBDCs will shine in the wider spectrum of digital money that emerges around the world, and whether they will be a mainstream online method of payment and also store value for consumers.
There are some fundamental questions that are to be answered such as how the user privacy should be balanced with the ability to track illicit activity and how traditional banking models and reserve currencies could be impacted. Also, can CBDCs interoperate with existing payment systems. However, in the broader sense of things, it is a question of how many countries launch their own CBDCs.
Countries Foraying into CBDCs
As per the Atlantic Council's Central Bank Digital Currency Tracker, more than 100 countries are exploring CBDCs. Ten countries have launched their own digital currency, including Nigeria in Africa and Jamaica in the Caribbean. The Bahamas in the West Indies was the first ever country in the world to have their national central bank digital currency, called the Sand Dollar. Moreover, nineteen countries are exploring the central bank digital currencies including Russia, India, South Korea and Japan. The US and UK are researching CBDCs and may introduce them in the future. Thus, CBDCs have a long way to go and have the potential to impact the future of payments.
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text:
Рендилле — группа народов, проживающих в самом засушливом регионе Кении — в пустыне Кайсут.
Культурно-языковая группа: кушиты, ближайшие родственники — сомалийцы.

Образ жизни и традиции

Рендилле — кочевники-скотоводы. Разводят в основном верблюдов, в последнее время и коров, так как цены на крупный рогатый скот постоянно растут. В пустыне коровы выжить не могут, поэтому рендилле просят разрешения у соседских племен (самбуру и алиал) пасти скот на их территории. Рендилле живут по 100-120 человек во временных поселениях, перемещаясь с места на место три-пять раз в год, причём за установку и сборку полукруглых хижин, покрытых травой или полотном, отвечают женщины.

Главная пища племени — верблюжья кровь, её смешивают с молоком и пьют, утоляя одновременно жажду и голод. Мужчины делятся на семь возрастных категорий, каждая из которых выполняет свою функцию. Церемония перехода из одной категории в другую проходит раз в семь лет. Первая — это обрезание, проводимое в юношестве. После него мужчина становится воином до 30 лет.

В этот период ему разрешается жениться, носить пурпурную ткань и вставлять белые перья в причёску. Основная обязанность воинов — защищать деревню от похитителей скота. На самом последнем этапе мужчина становится старейшиной и может носить клетчатую одежду.

Верования

Рендилле верят в верховного бога, которого называют Нгаи, или Вак. При рождении ребенка приносят жертвы: если рождается мальчик, то закалывают барашка, если девочка — козочку, роженица в течение нескольких дней питается только верблюжьей кровью. Шаманы совершают ритуалы для вызова дождя, предсказывают будущее.

Внешний вид

Мужчины оборачивают кусок ткани вокруг бёдер, а женщины носят на груди и на бёдрах овечьи или козьи шкуры. Традиционное украшение — выкрашенная охрой причёска в виде огромного петушиного гребня, нависающего надо лбом. Закрепляют это сооружение с помощью животного жира, ила или глины, прикрывая сверху собственными волосами. Женщины-рендилле носят такой гребень со дня рождения сына и убирают его только после того, как этот сын пройдёт обряд инициации, или в случае смерти мужа. Тогда женщина заплетает волосы в косички.

См. также
 МОСАРЕТУ — содружество четырех племен, населяющих южное побережье озера Рудольф в Кении.

Примечания

Литература

 Воляк П. Образ жизни: В тени масаи // Вокруг света. 2009. №11. с. 210-211.
 Спенсер П. Союз кочевников // Симбиоз и рост среди рендилле. Л. 1973. с. 123-154.
 Шнирельман В. А. Рендилле // Народы и религии мира / Глав. ред. В. А. Тишков. с.569-572.

Ссылки

 В тени масаи
 Рендиле становится старейшиной
 Rendille Woman, Kenya, 1998

Народы Кении
Кушитские народы

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Guinea airport car park is seat of learning
Jul 26, 2007 2 min read CitiesUrban theory
In a syndicated news story by Rukmini Callimachi, (viewable here), we learn that each night, children in Conkary, Guinea head to the car park at G'bessi International airport to study under the floodlights.
It's a tale that illustrates strongly how a dream-myth of globalisation, with an international airport bringing empty promises of prosperity, contrasts with a poverty stricken nation, "ranked 160th out of 177 on the United Nations' development index", where only a fifth of Guineans have access to electricity, and power cuts are frequent. But the counterpoint is the resourcefulness of the children, desperate to gain an education, and what William Gibson would call "the street finds its own use for things". A concrete bollard becomes literally a seat of learning, a floodlit car park transformed into a vast study hall, with it's own spatial hierachy:
"They sit by age group with 7-, 8- and 9-year-olds on a curb in a traffic island and teenagers on the concrete pilings flanking the national and international terminals. There are few cars to disturb their studies."
Elsewhere across Guinea, students have to study at gas stations, or crouch on the curbs outside the homes of wealthy families.
"'We have an edge because we live near the airport,' says 22-year-old Ismael Diallo, a university student."
Meanwhile the precious, fragile nature of electricity in Guinea highlights the ubiquitous excess of energy that is consumed in the West.
"According to U.N. data, the average Guinean consumes 89 kilowatt-hours per year — the equivalent to keeping a 60-watt light bulb burning for two months — while the typical American burns up about 158 times that much."
Recent power outages in San Francisco in the US or water shortages in Gloucestershire in the UK are seen as outrageous affronts to our civility. Taking electricity and other utilities for granted makes us forget how privileged we are.


The Janu Sirsasana is a part of the primary series of Ashtanga Yoga. It is a seated asana, and it gets it name from the fact that the head touches the knee in the full expression of this pose. This asana is also called the Head-to-Knee Pose, the Head-to-Knee Forward Bend, and the Head-on-Knee Pose. Although this asana sounds similar to the Sirsasana, it has nothing in common with it and doesn't look anything like it.
To begin, sit on the floor with your back erect.
Stretch out your left leg all the way from the hip joint. Bend your right knee, placing the bottom of the right foot against the inner part of your left thigh. Your right leg and knee should be comfortably pressed on the floor.
Your chest and navel should line up with your left leg. This will set your torso in the right position.
Let your hands provide support as they rest beside the hips.
Inhale. Extend your belly and torso right up to the top of your head.
As you exhale, let the energy flow through the left leg, reaching till the ball of the foot. Inhale and stretch your arms up such that it creates more length in your spine. Then, exhale and bend forward from the base of the hip as if you are coming forward from the groin to the front of the sitting bones. Reach for your ankles or toes, if you can, with your hands, or stretch till you are comfortable.
Remember that if you stretch too far, it will tend to round the spine and, in turn, lead to injury.
Hold the pose and breath deep and slow. As you breathe, feel the breath filling the groin, the back of your left leg, and the entire area of your back.
Inhale and release the pose. Let the muscles in your abdomen contract. Then, lift your torso. Stretch out your right leg. Relax for a few seconds. Repeat the asana with the right leg stretched out.
These are some points of caution that you must keep in mind before you do this asana.
1. Avoid this asana if you have diarrhea or asthma.
2. If you have a knee injury, make sure you do not flex it too much. Use a folded blanket for support.
3. Avoid this asana if you have a lumbar disc herniation or a serious lower back injury.
If you are a beginner, you need to ease carefully into this pose. First, make sure that your bent foot is always beside your straight leg, and that it never slides under the straight leg. When you look down, you should be able to see the sole of your foot. Secondly, you must also make sure that the bent leg is active. Broaden the foot and press the heel towards the inner groin of the straight leg.
To increase the stretch, you must widen the angle between the two legs, making sure it is more than 90 degrees wide. To do this, you need to bring the heel of the bent knee leg into the perineum, making sure it is snugged into the groin of the same side. But to do this, you need to have flexible hips and legs and an elastic back.
These are some amazing benefits of the head to knee pose.
Practicing this asana calms the mind and also relieves mild depression.
The groin, hamstrings, and shoulders get a good stretch.
The liver and kidneys are stimulated.
The digestive organs get a good massage, and therefore, digestion is improved.
The reproductive organs are stimulated too, and therefore, menstrual and menopausal disorders are reduced.
Practicing this asana relieves headaches, anxiety, and fatigue.
Practicing this asana also cures insomnia, sinusitis, and high blood pressure.
During pregnancy, this asana helps to strengthen the back muscles. But this asana should be practiced only up to the second trimester.
This asana is challenging in its own right, especially for men. The lower back, hips, and hamstrings can take quite a while to open up to the full range of motion. That said, the Janu Sirsasana works amazingly well in increasing the flexibility of the thighs, hamstrings, thighs, hip joints, back, arms, and shoulders. It soothes both the heart and the mind and stretches the entire body. This asana is usually done at the end of a sequence once your body is warmed up. It prepares the body for deeper forward bends. Although this asana is called the head-to-knee pose, touching your head to your knee is not as important as keeping your torso stretched out throughout the pose.
Now that you know how to do Janu Sirsasana, what are you waiting for? This challenging forward bend will help you ease into the more difficult stretches, and help your mind and body connect to make you strong and flexible.
Flow Yoga – What Is It And What Are Its Benefits?
Iyengar Yoga – What Is It And How To Practice It?


Ravensbourne Level 2 BA (Hons) Design Products students begin an exciting live project with Jon Estell from Spectral lighting.
The students were briefed by Spectral to design a light for either a wall mounted, pendant or desk lamp; for an educational or work setting. Each student was supplied with a range of LED components and a power supply, around which they are required to design a contemporary lighting fixture which will be appropriate in both form and lighting function for a commercial environment. Jon will be working with the students for the duration of the project, sharing his extensive specialist knowledge of the lighting design industry.
The top three designers will have their work exhibited at Surface Design Show 2016 in London, as part of the Spectral Lighting stand.


Tier planting is growing plants at different levels, in this case in a single pot.
I have two such huge pots, I made one and a half inch holes on sides at different levels with a cutter drill, I filled the pot with potting mix (Bhall, Leaf compost, balanced fertiliser) up to lowest level and placing almost a month old seedlings grown in individual small pot in the hole and gradually building it up. Midway I placed a 2 inch dia plastic pipe in in the centre, pipe coming up to the brim, filled the pot and planted other plants at the top. The pipe is for watering of lower level.
Yes on the sides are Petunias of different types and at the top Phlox and Nasturtium.
Interesting way to display & looking fascinating !


SINGAPORE - E-commerce firm ShopBack has raised US$25 million in its latest funding round, bringing the company's total financing to date to close to US$40 million.
The latest round was led by Credit Saison, the largest credit card and retail finance company in Japan, ShopBack said in amedia release on Tuesday.
Over three and half million consumers across six countries in the Asia Pacific have signed up with ShopBack since the company's inception in 2014, it added.


text:
Department of Environmental Hygiene
Lab works
Dear Graduates 2019/2020
Department of Hygiene was organized in 1920 as part of the Faculty of Medicine at the State University of Turkestan. The founder of the department was Professor G.N. Pinegin who directed it from 1920 to 1927
In 1927 From 1928 to 1936 the department was headed by Associate Professor in the beginning, and then Professor Alexei V. Georgievskiy.
1928 to 1936 the department was headed at first senior lecturer and then professor Boutin S.D. From 1937 to 1941 the department was headed by prof. Petrova M.A. During this period, the majority held the formation of relevant departments of hygiene as a subsidiary department of general hygiene.
During the Great Patriotic War the department was headed by Prof.. Moiseev S.V. in the safes. During this period he also worked Assoc. Magnitsky M.V.
From 1944 to 1966 the department was headed by Prof.. S.N. Babadjanov – One of the first graduates of the Medical Faculty of the University. With his participation in the composition of the department in 1963 was introduced a special section – radiation hygiene, after which the department was called "general and radiation hygiene."
In 1967 the department was headed by Corresponding Member. Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, MD prof. A.Z.Zahidov, who led the department until 1977.
From 1978 to 1990 the department was headed by Prof.. N.S.Tadjibaeva.
Since September 1990, after the separation of the two institutions in the Tashkent State Medical Institute, Department of General and Radiation Hygiene of the Second Tashkent State Medical Institute led the first associate professor and then professor L.A. Ponomareva
From September 2012 became head of the department MD Salomova F.I.


Hospodářské noviny has changed not only its strategy, but also its content and distribution method. It's the first newspaper in the Czech Republic to offer its readers access to all content in the same form in the print version, online and on mobile devices. This was also related to a change in Hospodářské noviny's basic communication strategy. Now it's a newspaper in motion.


Wire mesh filter has a greater number of finer wires in the shute direction and is woven in both plain and twill weave patters. It is normally rated by the size particle it will retain, either as the absolute micron rating or the nominal micron rating, expressed in microns.
We normally use stainless steel woven mesh 304, 304L, 316, 316L as filter media in the patterns of plain, twilled, dutch weave to achieve full range of aperture and properties.
Characteristic: Filter wire cloth has excellent anti-wear property, heat-resistance and acid, corrosion resistance.
Applications: Filter wire cloth is utilized as filter fittings for chemical industry, medicine, petroleum, telecommunication, scientific research units, etc.
Roll mesh to create a tube.
Overlap at joining edge min 3.0mm.
the finished diameter is 21.00 / 20.60mm.
The overall length is 49.50 +0.20mm/-0.10mm.
Silver solder joining edge and both ends.
WMF-01: Woven wire mesh filters in round, ring and abnormal shape.
WMF-02: Cylindrical oil filters: perforated cylindrical oil filters and woven cylindrical oil filters.
WMF-03: Stainless steel filter gaskets.
WMF-04: Stainless steel perforated filter tube.
WMF-05: Stainless steel basket filters with straight handles.
WMF-06: Stainless steel basket filters with no handles.
WMF-07: Short stainless steel basket filters with handles.
WMF-08: High stainless steel basket filters with handles.


He is a League of Legends streamer/youtuber known for playing Draven on the Challenger Tier. However, if he's gets denied his pick, Tyler1 quickly morphs into possibly the most toxic player in the ranked community. He does this by intentionally feeding the enemy midlaner, verbally abusing his teammates and opponents in chat and generally just wasting everyone's time. He's been permanently banned by Riot. But this doesn't stop him from trying. He has over 20 account that's been banned and he's still actively streaming.
It was shortly revealed to the community just what actions were taken when Richard Lewis tweeted out a screen cap of Rutledge's facebook status.
It is unclear if Rutledge had quit because he felt like he was being treated unfairly or had been dismissed by Riot Games as both parties have yet to issue an official statement. We only know that Riot Sanjuro is now off the Experience development team.
What we should all understand from this is that words, just like actions, have consequences and this is especially important when you're in a position where you represent an organization. Although, it would seem a dismissal is a bit harsh. What do you guys think?


Hello and welcome along to today's blog where we will be keeping you up to date with all the Hull City news and rumours.
The Championship has taken a breather for the international break this week as this year's international calendar comes to end. As such, Jackson Irvine, Kamil Grosicki and Markus Henriksen have left East Yorkshire this week to meet up with their respective countries.
Closer to home, it seems Will Keane's future at the KCOM Stadium is in doubt. The striker is out of contract at the end of the season and it seems unlikely at this stage that will be offered a deal to extend his stay with the Tigers.
The club's academy is continuing to churn out talent and we've spoken to manager Jon Beale about the rude health of his youth set up.
We'll be here throughout the day to bring you all the City news and updates.
Hull City's walking wounded: When they will be back in Nigel Adkins' plans?
Hull City head coach Nigel Adkins was without six players for the weekend's 3-3 draw away to Birmingham City, revealing the limited depth of his squad.
The international break will allow added time for recoveries ahead of hosting Nottingham Forest in 10 days but who might Adkins be able to count on against Aitor Karanka's men?
Here's a full run-down of when City's injured players could be back in action.
Sheffield United are reportedly interested in signing Shane Long and Jermain Defoe in January.
According to journalist Alan Biggs, Chris Wilder is looking for a striker to bolster his side's hopes of promotion to the Premier League and has identified the duo.
Long, formerly of Hull City, has been in and out of the Southampton side under Mark Hughes this season having failed to find the back of the net.
Defoe, on the other hand, has made just four Premier League appearances for Bournemouth.
As such, offers may be listened to for both players, but having been priced out of a move for Jack Marriott in the summer window, it remains to be seen whether the Blades have the financial might to tempt Long or Defoe.
Hull City skipper Markus Henriksen is loving life wearing the captain's armband.
"I feel as if I am growing in the role and I am enjoying the responsibility," he said.
"I think I have maybe been a bit too nice at the beginning of the season and I've learnt a lot from that.
"I think I am a lot more vocal now and I am trying to show with my body language that I am – how do you say in England – a tough nut to crack.
"It is a new experience for me being captain, especially in England. I am used to it in other countries I have played in, but it is something very different here in England.
"It is a real honour though and I am always ready to dig deep for this team, my team-mates and this Club.
"Our position in the table and our current situation is not good enough. We have good enough players to get out of this mess.
Hull City could be without Jackson Irvine for more than a month of the season with the Australian set to represent his country at the 2019 Asian Cup.
Held in the United Arab Emirates, the Asian Cup is due to take place throughout January and February, which is of course comes midway through the Championship season.
As such, should Irvine be selected to represent the Socceroos, the current holders of the trophy after winning the 2015 edition on home soil, the Tigers will be without one of their key players for a crucial period of the campaign.
Twenty five years ago today Hull City travelled to face non-league Runcorn in the FA Cup first round. The tie would last just 29 minutes before it was abandoned after a perimeter wall inside Canal Street collapsed in the wake of Graeme Atkinson heading the Tigers into the lead.
Serious injuries – or worse – were avoided but it could have been very different.
Steve Weatherill was among an estimated 1,000 Hull City supporters inside Canal Street to watch the FA Cup first round tie away to Runcorn of the Vauxhall Conference.
Hull City's FA Cup first round tie away to Runcorn in November 1993 was abandoned after a perimeter wall collapsed at Canal Street.
He had travelled fearing an upset for Terry Dolan's side but soon enough the concerns were far more serious. "There was a genuine sense of panic," he added.
A looping header from City midfielder Graeme Atkinson just before the half-hour mark had been the cue for raucous celebrations among the visiting fans and a 30-metre section of wall along the touchline soon crumbled under the pressure.
We'll start you off with the future - it looks bright.
We've been speaking to academy manager Jon Beale this week, who had plenty to say about his set up's recent success.


bowling nights.. after some times. here's the bowling session again.
Jom blowing held a company bowling event in berjaya timesquare ampang superbowl.
the difference is.. more staff more people more bowler compare to last time.
we're competing each others in this bowling..
after bowling.. our dinner is ready and waiting for us.
and somehow.. i got surprised.. why?? i being called to received this.. i'm highest score?! i won the first prize!! yahoooo!!! lady of luck is by my side tonight.


I met Tommaso Galbersanini on the photographic set for the shooting of the latest DreamLux creations. Between one click and the other, I asked him to tell me about him. A short story came out of it, a simple story, though rich of nice memories, which inspired Tommaso in his entrepreneurial project.
L: Tommaso, how come you are producing textile with light?
L: Colleagues and fiancés, it could work at that time, couldn't it?
T: It was not easy, but it did work for them! They were so close that the owner of the company, that was about to retire and had no children, asked them to take over the business. They were only 20 and with no experience whatsoever, nevertheless, they accepted the challenge. The time was propitious for whoever wanted to commit to a business activity, with a pinch of creativity and a good dose of recklessness.
L: Did they want to go on producing textile?
T: They had looms and embroidery machines, my father knew the techniques, my mother had the creativity and the taste. They decided to focus on linens, and in the 80's many linens companies had in their collections the designs chosen by my mother. Without even knowing, my mother was the perfect creative mind for a style department.
T: Productions changed, the market evolved, they started to feel the competition of the emerging markets. A new challenge for them, who decided to specialize in hospitality; I have memories of meters and meters of white sheets, and me, as a kid, diving into them. I also remember my father being a hard worker, taking me with him when he had to monitor the night shifts, letting me sleep on a small bed while he was talking to the employees at work. However, such a great commitment was paid off and a few years later many hotels worldwide were using our linens.
L: And then? When did you start working in the company?
T: At the beginning of the 2000's, going through different stages: warehouseman, forklift man, driver, accountant and finally sales man. Luckily, my parents accepted with pleasure the news I brought into the company, deriving from my studies, my frequent trips abroad and a little bit of madness. At that moment, I realized that the market required the excellence; therefore I retrieved from the archive precious fabrics like linen, cashmere, silk.
T: Yes, I was 25 and full of energy: I started to attend trade shows, exhibiting new natural and sustainable materials, like the wood fiber and the milk fiber; It was then that I realized that outside our country there is a strong interest for the Made in Italy, if the products are high quality. Therefore, I started traveling to Dubai, Russia and Arabia with various linens collections: kitchen, bed and bath linens.
T: that is true. For this, we have to wait until 2009, when I got closer to a company that had a product made of optic fiber: I courted them, I purchased the first samples, analyzed them and tried and integrate them with our textile. I thought it could work, and that is how DreamLux was born. However, only in 2014, after many years of research, tries and experiments, thanks to an innovation fund, I could buy the international patents for optic fiber weaving.
T: We have important customers now. I got called from BMW, Nike, Microsoft, Apple in 2015…Obviously, I wanted to do more and better, therefore I patented another technology for embroidery. Armani, Versace, D&G and more recently Chanel contacted me. With such a prestigious audience I got fascinated by fashion, where I currently find my inspiration for new lines of accessories, such as the ones we are photographing today and that women may wear around the world.
L: Really great story Tommaso. Please, keep on dreaming for us!


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Strona główna » Artykuły » Historia i kultura krajów anglojęzycznych » Ireland
Ponad średnio-zawansowany (B2)
Ireland is a politically independent country. Northern Ireland is also called Ulster, which is a part of the UK. The name Northern Ireland appeared for the first time in 1920. The Capital of the Republic of Ireland is Dublin. Northern Ireland is quite distinct from Britain in political, ethnical and cultural matters. The Irish nation is one of the oldest nations in Europe. Since 1991, it has developed as one nation.
History of Ireland - Historia Irlandii
Around 700, the first Celts invaded on the Island from the continent and until the 18th A..D. Ireland was left alone in isolation. The history of the country developed in its own way separate from the history of Europe. The whole Kingdom was divided into many tribes. The local tribes fought each other. Religion - they believed in two worlds: earth and heaven. Society - warriors- they fought wars - druids- men of science. They did not use writing. - poets- they were considered to be people of literature This division survived many centuries. The first people who met the Irish were the Romans. They did not conquer Ireland. Ireland was too cold for them so, they named Ireland Hibernia. In the 5th century, Christianity appeared in Ireland. The process of Christianisation is associated with St. Patrick. He came from a Christian family and was captured by Irish pirates. Then he became a slave and worked as a shepherd. After 17 years, he escaped to Rome. In Rome, he received education and after having a vision, he came back to Ireland where he started to Christianise the country. The whole process was peaceful. St. Patrick adopted several pagan elements.
The Celtic Cross- a circle incorporated in the cross
Shamrock- It symbolises the Holly Trinity.
The aspect of three embodiments in one person.
The Irish society was a rural society. The structure of the church was based on monasteries.
Middle Ages - the migration of people. Ireland was not affected. - The country became a cultural centre of Europe. While there were wars in Europe, the situation in Ireland was peaceful. - In the 8th century, the invasion of the Vikings changed the situation in Ireland. The Vikings' presence lasted from the 8th to the 11th century. - They established some cities in Ireland. - Conflict between the Vikings and Ireland 1014- The Battle of Clontarf. This used to be a separate settlement. The Irish united themselves and the Vikings were repelled from Ireland. It was the moment when the whole Island was united. The most important person was Brian Boru, an Irish king who united the tribes against the Vikings. Besides, he was an excellent harp player. - 1169- The Norman invasion on Ireland. Lord Pembroke was a Norman baron. He was invited by the King of Ireland to help him against his enemies. Lord Pembroke stayed in Ireland and found the British Colony- Dublin. The eastern part was inhibited by the Normans. When they came to Ireland, they surrounded their settlements with palisades. The western part remained Celtic. The Norman aspects started to become prevailing. - 15th century- the time of reformation. While the protestant religion started to dominate the British society, Ireland remained catholic. There was a dual division. - 17th century- lots of protestants came to Ireland. They came from Scotland, they wanted to establish their lands and settlements. - 17th century- Ulster plantation- Protestants were brought by ships to Northern Ireland and established their supremacy. At the end of the 17th century, Ireland was in the state of war. William II of Orange was the leader of the Protestants who fought against the Catholics . James II was the leader of the Catholics. - 1689- The Catholic army laid siege to the town of Derry. The Protestants defeated the Catholics. - 1690- The Battle of the River Boyne was also won by the Protestants. After their defeat, the Catholics were discriminated. Special laws limited their religion. 1801- Ireland was united with Great Britain. The two lands were incorporated. The name United Kingdom appeared for the first time. - The whole 19th century Ireland was politically and economically neglected by Great Britain. The worst period was 1845-1849. It was the time of the Great Famine. It had huge consequences for Ireland. - the population decreased from 8mln to 4mln - massive immigrants to the USA. During The First World War- The Irish saw changes and considered the war as the time to fight for independence. - 1916- The Easter Rising- Some Irish proclaimed independence, occupied offices. They were brutally crashed by the British. They failed because no one followed them in the Uprising. Michael Collins, who was one of the military leaders in the Rising, found the organisation called IRA (The Irish Republic of Army) - until 1922- Ireland was in the state of the Civil War. The society was against the British. -1922- Ireland signed a treaty. The results - a compromise was reached. Ireland was divided and achieved a broad autonomy, some degree of freedom. - 1937- The Government of the Irish Free State decided on independence and wrote the constitution of Ireland, which came into force exactly on 29 December 1937. The Irish established an independent country. called the Republic of Ireland. - The Second World War- Ireland stayed neutral. Between 1922-1968 the political situation was stable. -1968- Catholics decided to fight for their civil rights. They formed The Catholic Civil Rights Movement. They sent writings to the Parliament. In result, the British sent their army to Northern Ireland to keep peace. Manifestations turned into conflicts. 13th January 1972- Bloody Sunday- It was a breaking point. The nation was waken up. During a peaceful demonstration in the city of Derry, 13 Catholics were killed by the British paratroops -1972- 1998- the conflict was going on. There were three sides involved in the conflict. - IRA - Ulster Freedom Fighters - UK Government - Famous attacks of IRA -1974- a bomb exploded in a pub in the west part of London. Four Irish were arrested and sentenced for life imprisonment. After 15 years they were released. They were called the Guildford Four - 1979- IRA attacked the Royal Family. The Queen's uncle died. - 1984- five minutes after the conference in Brighton was finished ( the meeting of the conservative party), the building exploded. All members of the cabinet left before the explosion occurred. - Law of detention- If someone was suspected of being a terrorist, he could be arrested for seven days. -1998- Good Friday Agreement- It was an agreement between the Catholics and the Protestants.
to invade- najechać, opanować (np terytorium)
tribes- plemiona
to capture- schwytać, pojmać
to incorporate- włączyć, zawierać
shamrock- kończynka
Holly Trinity- Święta Trójca
settlement- osada
to conquer- zdobyć, podbić
prevailing- przeważający
to laid siege to a town- przystąpić do oblężenia miasta
palisade- palisada - to come into force- wchodzić w życie ( o umowie, traktacie itd…)
author Adam Cendrowski
‹ Independence Day (United States 4th July) w górę Pancake Day ›
Quiz - Grammar Test CAE
Is it right for a person to be born into the Church automatically? - sample argumentative essay with vocabulary
Idioms - Black
26. THEODORE ROOSEVELT 1901-1909
25. WILLIAM MCKINLEY 1897-1901
Materiały z angielskiego
Anglistyka
"BANK ROBBERY" CZYTANKA
Bajki, baśnie, legendy po angielsku
Fitness, zdrowie
Gospodarka, ekonomia, polityka
Historia i kultura krajów anglojęzycznych
Christmas - kolędy i zwyczaje świąteczne
Education in the UK
Independence Day (United States 4th July)
Politically correct English
Poprawne formy grzecznościowe – Mr., Mrs., Miss i Ms.
Religion in the USA
Saint Patrick's Day - Dzień Św. Patryka
St. Valentine's Day - Walentynki
The American Presidents
What should I do or not do when I am eating in Britain?
Ludzie, wydarzenia
Sport, hobby
Technika, komputery
Turystyka, środowisko
Egzaminy z języka angielskiego
Gry językowe - nauka angielskiego
Lekcje języka angielskiego online
Lekcje mp3
Lekcje video
Mega macierz kolokacji
Nauka słówek online
Powieści/ebooki
Testy z języka angielskiego
Wymowa, akcent
Życie w Wielkiej Brytanii
Fiszki - nauka słówek
https://misterroof.net
http://misterroof.net
book | by Dr. Radut


You know what is scary? Scary is the 70+million following Tasty's page on Facebook has, f'ng scary. Without fail, one of the Tasty videos infect my newsfeed every couple of days with those mindless yet cathartic, high speed, thirty second autoplay scenes of canned beans, processed yellow cheese or mayonnaise (sometimes all three at the same time) coming together to form some sort of vile frankenfood.
At first I was mesmerized by the videos, I couldn't stop watching. And then I started paying more attention only to realize they are a serious public disservice. What's worse is that people share the videos or tag their friends in the comments section proclaiming they absolutely need to "cook" this for Saturday night's get together. Shudder. No wonder obesity and disease rates are high.
You'll notice a recurring theme if you take a few minutes to examine the Tasty videos page. First theme is a rotation of the same ingredients in different forms. Shredded cheese, ranch dressing or mayonnaise, oil for frying, a heavy carb. To me everything just started looking like the same recipe. It was some form of chicken stuffed with cheese and then fried.
A second theme is that if the Tasty video prompts you to add an "exotic" spice i.e. a teaspoon of cumin seeds, suddenly the dish becomes a specialty of Mexican or Indian cuisine. As someone who loves cooking Indian food, its laughable and offensive. I'm guessing the French and Italians think the videos are an abomination.
The third theme is God forbid a vegetable exists somewhere in the recipe, it's disguised with a accompaniment of bacon, cheese or a high caloric, creamy dressing.
The fourth theme is that they never show the people behind the recipes. You know why? My guess is that they look really unhealthy. And if you start making these recipes often, that's probably what you'll look like soon. I'm no skinny mini by any standard but I know if I ate this "food", I'd be in the doctor's office getting treated for diabetes and high cholesterol.
Want some real recipes? Click on my Recipe page. It's scant but I'm working on filling it up. The article on Whole30 is worth a read.
Do you guys think this Tasty video is even remotely appealing?!


Project Blog / By Davis Ray Sickmon, Jr.
We work with both in-house development projects and projects for hire. As you might imagine, we really like to get the word out there about the things we're doing as in-house projects, but since we're fairly well known, we also like to get the word about about what we're doing for our customers – why not give them an extra boost in exposure whenever we can?
So this section of the website is all about the projects we work on – cool sites, apps, and games, sometimes for us, sometimes for others!


Henry Ford sparked a revolution in transportation when he invented the Model T, making car ownership accessible to the masses and transforming society in ways that led to everything from suburbs to Interstate highways. A century later, his great-grandson Bill Ford is leading another seismic shift in personal transportation by advocating for mobility as a human right and calling on industry and governments to rethink how people and goods move on roads that are growing increasingly crowded as the population becomes more urbanized. Smart Mobility solutions are essential for the world's long-term economic and environmental health and will bring new opportunities and challenges.


This wooden hand painted lighthouse makes a wonderful nautical accent piece.	It has a purposely distressed looking finish to replicate	being out in the harsh environments.	This lighthouse is a great nautical decoration for the home, office or boat.	It will make a great nautical gift, enhance your nautical	home decor and has an LED light. Measures 17.5"x 5.3".


Valentine's Day is around the corner and if you want to show your girlfriend, wife or BFF that she means the world to you this year, giving her a gorgeous bauble is a tradition that will never get old. Fortunately, there are myriad beautiful jewels to pick from — ruby red rings, dusty pink necklaces, heart-shaped earrings and more that make gift giving a whole lot easier this year.
Ahead, shop our top Valentine's Day jewelry picks, starting at just $38.
These Rebecca Minkoff earrings have a sophisticated architectural shape, and the pearl and pavé glass accents make the earrings look much more expensive than they really are.
You can never go wrong with a heart-shaped ruby ring, and at $64, it's a price that's hard to resist too.
Designed for the "Wonder-Ful Woman" in your life, this necklace is made of 14K gold and features a beautiful Swarovski crystal in the center.
Missoma collaborated with artist Fee Greening to showcase her "Body Language" series using elegant female figures to spell out the alphabet.
We love that these adorable heart-shaped huggies play into the Valentine's Day theme without being cheesy. Plus, they're made of 14K solid gold and are decorated with real 0.16 ct white diamonds.
This necklace may spell "love," but it's a design subtle enough to wear daily.
Atelier Paulin first made a splash in France and, as of last year, has taken her personalized jewelry to the U.S. It's a personalized gift any woman will love.
We love this dusty pink pendant and earring set for its timeless elegance and glamour. It's a must-have for any woman who loves to dress up.
If you are looking for the perfect Valentine's Day gift for a fashionista, this is it. It may not be a Louis Vuitton bag, but it's a close second and we promise she'll love you for it.
This ring is made of yellow gold vermeil, sterling silver and a red garnet gemstone. It has a vintage quality we love, but refreshed for the modern woman.
If you're concerned about ethical sourcing and buying sustainable jewels, AUrate is your answer. It is a director-to-consumer label disrupting the market. Not only is this Connection Necklace made of 14K solid gold, but it also comes with a lifetime warranty.
Simple and elegant, this bracelet can easily be mixed and matched with any existing jewelry collection.
If the Louis Vuitton charm bracelet isn't quite her taste, this Givenchy one is a great alternative for your fashion-obsessed girlfriend.


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Saratoga Springs fire chief to retire
Wendy Liberatore
Dec. 6, 2018 Updated: Dec. 6, 2018 2:50 p.m.
Saratoga Springs Fire Department
Fire Chief Robert Williams, who has been with the department for 34 years and has been its leader since 2009, will retire effective Feb. 28.
The third generation firefighter, credited with improving the Fire Prevention Division and enhancing the fire department's relationship with the business community, says he wants to spend more time with his family and friends and wants to travel.
"I have been honored to serve as member and most recently the fire chief for the Saratoga Springs Fire Department," Williams said in a statement. "It was my dream, as a child, to follow in the footsteps of my father, grandfather, and join the Saratoga Springs Fire Department. I am thankful for the opportunity and everything the city has provided me and my family throughout my career."
Williams, who is 58 years old, will continue to instruct firefighters as a state fire instructor and said he will volunteer.
"The city is going to miss the Chief tremendously," Commissioner of Public Safety Peter Martin said. "He is a popular figure throughout our city and has certainly advanced our fire, EMS and fire prevention programs into a 21st century service. Bob has a tremendous ability to focus on details and develop broad ranging plans for improved fire and health safety in our city."
Martin said he will conduct interviews for the position of fire chief and will announce an appointment at a future City Council meeting. The new chief will work alongside Williams during the transition.
Williams was born and raised in the city and went through the ranks after joining the department in 1984. His father Thomas J. Williams Jr. was a fire chief. With his grandfather, Thomas J. Williams Sr., the Williams family has invested more than 80 years in the city's fire department.
Williams has served as president of the Saratoga Springs Fire Administrative Officers and Fire Fighters Association, Local 343. He's a member of the state Fire Chiefs and Career Fire Chiefs Associations. He's a former member of the NY-TF 2 Urban Search and Rescue team as a rescue tech specialist and deployed on Sept. 11, 2001 to the Twin Towers in New York City.
During his tenure, Williams improved the response readiness and deployment of fire and EMS resources, oversaw several infrastructure and improvement projects, helped secure SAFER grant funding for hiring back firefighters who were laid off in 2010, improved the department's records management and communications systems and served as Emergency Management Incident Commander when the city declared a State of Emergency following the lightning strike and fire at City Hall in August.
Reach Wendy on
Wendy Liberatore covers communities in Saratoga County. Prior to joining the Times Union, she wrote features on the arts and dance for the Daily Gazette, Saratoga Living and the Saratogian. She also worked for magazines in Westchester County and was an education reporter with the Bronxville Review-Press and Reporter. She contributes to the Saratoga blog. She can be reached at wliberatore@timesunion.com, or 518-491-0454 or 518-454-5445.


It was followed by a sequel (filmed back-to-back) Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold (1986) and was to be followed by a sequel that was never produced: the first attempt would have been based on She and Allan, another Haggard novel, and then a second attempt to have been titled Allan Quatermain and the Jewel of the East and directed by producer Golan.
Jesse Huston (Sharon Stone) hires Allan Quatermain to find her father, believed lost on an expedition to find the fabled King Solomon's Mines. Together with his companion, the mysterious Umbopo, they penetrate unknown country, following a map believed to be genuine.
It transpires that Professor Huston has been captured by a German military expedition on the same quest, led by Bockner (Herbert Lom), a single-minded knackwurst-munching, bald-headed Colonel and a ruthless Turkish slave-trader and adventurer, Dogati (John Rhys-Davies). Huston is being forced to interpret another map, also believed to be genuine.
The two rival expeditions shadow each other, clashing on several occasions, and finally enter the tribal lands of the Kukuana who capture them. The tribe is under the control of the evil priestess, Gagoola, who has Quatermain hung upside down over a pond full of crocodiles. Just when all seems lost, Umbopo arrives and after defeating Gagoola's warriors in combat, reveals his identity as an exiled tribal chief and the rightful ruler of the Kukuanas.
As the tribesmen submit to him, Gagoola captures Jesse and flees into caves in the depths of the Breasts of Sheba, the twin mountain peaks where the mines are located. They are pursued by Bockner and Dogati, who attack the village in full force. They follow Quatermain and Umbopo to the entrance to the mines, but are hampered by a moat of quicksand. Bockner orders his men forward into the moat, but they have trouble crossing it. Dogati then kills all of Bockner's soldiers, as well as most of his own men, and uses their bodies as stepping stones to cross the moat safely. As they approach the entrance, Bockner shoots Dogati and takes command of what little remains of the party.
Inside the mines, Quatermain and Umbopo rescue Jesse and find the resting place of all the former tribal queens, including the Queen of Sheba herself, encased in crystal. Umbopo explains that Gagoola had attempted to sacrifice Jesse in order to keep her power as the Kukuanas' ruler because of Jesse's strong resemblance to the Queen of Sheba. Then Gagoola appears and taunts Umbopo, who pursues her through the caverns.
As Bockner and his men arrive next, Quatermain and Jesse flee for safety, but end up in the cavern's treasure chamber, which is full of raw diamonds and other priceless treasures. As they gather some of the diamonds to take with them, Bockner hears their voices from outside the chamber, but before he can enter, Gagoola activates a hidden rock switch and seals Quatermain and Jesse inside the chamber. The switch also triggers a trap that causes the ceiling of the chamber, which is lined with stalactites to lower on them. Quatermain and Jesse manage to stop the ceiling trap, but then the chamber begins filling up with water. Just as the chamber fills completely, a lit stick of dynamite set by Bockner outside the chamber door explodes, sending them both spewing out of the chamber in the resulting flood to safety.
Bockner enters the chamber and quickly lays claim to the treasure, only to be confronted by a wounded, but very much alive, Dogati, who was wearing a protective vest that shielded him from the bullets. He then forces Bockner to swallow some of the diamonds, intending to cut him open to retrieve them later on. Meanwhile, Umbopo finally corners Gagoola. But rather than face his judgment, she instead leaps down one of the volcano's shafts and is incinerated when she lands in the molten lava below. However, the reaction causes a series of eruptions throughout the mines. Dogati is partially buried when the treasure chamber's ceiling collapses, but Bockner is unharmed. He gloats to Dogati after claiming a few more diamonds for himself, then leaves the chamber. But not before firing his gun at the ruined ceiling, burying Dogati alive. Quatermain, Jesse and Umbopo quickly flee for their lives through the collapsing caverns. They cross over a small booby- trapped lake (which one of Bockner's men fell victim to earlier), only to be stopped by Bockner, who demands they surrender their diamonds to him. Quatermain places the diamonds on the central stepping stone that triggers the trap and tells Bockner to come take the diamonds himself if he wants them. Bockner does so and falls into the lake, only to be seized in the jaws of a Mokele-mbembe and dragged beneath the water. The trap resets itself and the diamonds rise back to the surface, but Umbopo warns Quatermain and Jesse not to take them, saying they belong to the mountain.
The trio continue their escape through the caverns, which becomes even more dangerous as the lava chamber they are in is full of fire and falling rocks. Quatermain tells Umbopo to take Jesse through to safety while he follows them. But before he can do so, he is struck down by Dogati, who survived the cave-in. A brutal fight between them ensues, but Quatermain gains the upper hand at the last instant, sending Dogati falling into the chamber's lava pit to his death. Quatermain manages to escape from the mines at the last minute, just as the volcano explodes, sealing the entrance forever.
Returning to the village, Umbopo assumes his rightful place as the ruler of the Kukuanas and he and his people bid a fond farewell to Quatermain and Jesse. As they exit the village, they each reveal they had kept a diamond from the mines as a souvenir of their adventure and the movie ends with them kissing outside the village gates.
The film was shot on location in Zimbabwe. The crew included many Israelis and South Africans which caused some objections from the local Arab population. The Arab League protested the depiction of all the Arab characters as slavers. Richard Chamberlain said, "I happen to think that people are people and I don't care where they come from as long as they do a good job.... This is a comedy, and one of the best defenses against out-of-date stereotypes is to poke fun at them. It shows how absurd they are.
"I usually get heavy material," said Chamberlain, but this movie is funny. There are not too many lines to learn, he said, and the time is taken up with "being chased by natives and animals, cooked in pots," and escaping the perils of "crocodiles, witch-queens, deadly swamps" and so forth.
The film's score was composed and conducted by Jerry Goldsmith, and performed by the Hungarian State Opera Orchestra. Restless Records issued an album on LP and cassette; Milan later released it on compact disc minus the cue "The Ritual" and paired with Alan Silvestri's The Delta Force. In 1991 Intrada Records released an expanded version, later reissued in 1997; Prometheus released the complete score in 2006. Quartet Records issued a two-disc edition in 2014 with the Prometheus content on disc one and the original album presentation on disc two.
Tracks in bold premiered on the Intrada CD, tracks in italics premiered on the Prometheus edition.
King Solomon's Mines holds a 13% approval rating at Rotten Tomatoes. Though it made a profit, the film was panned by critics, many of whom felt it was not as good as the 1950 film version with Stewart Granger and Deborah Kerr.
It was nominated for two Razzie Awards, including Worst Supporting Actor for Herbert Lom and Worst Musical Score for Goldsmith.
The direct sequel, Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold, was released in 1987 with both Richard Chamberlain and Sharon Stone returning. Director J. Lee Thompson did not return, choosing instead to direct Murphy's Law with Charles Bronson. The sequel was directed by television veteran Gary Nelson and was a critical and box office disappointment.
The Cannon Group had originally planned a trilogy of films, the third film was to be an adaptation of She and Allan but this was ultimately abandoned after the extreme negative reception of Allan Quatermain and the Lost City of Gold, coupled with the financial difficulties of the company at the time.
In 2011, a new sequel was proposed by Menahem Golan called Allan Quatermain and the Jewel of the East. The script was written by Menahem Golan and Richard Albiston, to be directed by Golan himself. The plot concerned Quatermain attempting to rescue his daughter from Chinese treasure hunters in the Congo. According to the 2015 documentary Golan: A Farewell to Mr. Cinema, Richard Chamberlain had agreed to return as the title character, but Golan died before the film began shooting.
MGM released the film on DVD on February 10, 2004.
On December 3, 2014, Umbrella Entertainment in Australia released a Region 4 DVD of the movie.
^ a b c Cowell, Alan (29 April 1985). "IN ZIMBABWE, A REMAKE OF 'SOLOMON'S MINES'". New York Times.
^ Goodman, Walter (1985-11-23). "Movie Review - King Solomon s Mines - FILM: IN UPDATED FORM, 'KING SOLOMON'S MINES' - NYTimes.com". Movies.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
^ "Allan Quatermain & The Lost City of Gold : DVD Talk Review of the DVD Video". Dvdtalk.com. Retrieved 2013-09-08.
This page was last edited on 9 February 2019, at 21:03 (UTC).


Attorney Frank Nunes was proud to participate as a volunteer attorney at this year's Central Valley Veteran's Stand Down. This Stand Down, which occurs every year in September, provides a huge range of services to veterans and active service members and their families. The services include everything from food and new clothing for homeless vets to medical care, employment counseling, and legal clinics.
The name "stand down" originates from combat stand downs, when exhausted troops leave the active battlefield for rest, re-equipping, and recovery. Community-based stand downs like the Central Valley Stand Down are now held throughout the country to assist vets and service members.
Nunes Law also thanks service members for all they do by sending packages to troops fighting overseas.


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Q: The proofs of a variant of Zorn's lemma On the basis of @drhab and @Michael comments, I have formalized two different proofs. Please have a check if these two proofs are fine. Thank you so much!
My variant:

Suppose that $(A,\leq)$ is a partially ordered set in which each chain has an upper bound, and that $C$ is a chain in $A$. Then there exists a maximal $m$ of $A$ such that $c \leq m$ for all $c \in C$.

The proofs:

*

*@drhab approach

Let $T=\{D \subseteq A \mid  C \subseteq D \wedge D \text{ is a chain}\}$. Then $(T,\subseteq)$ is a partially ordered set.
Assume $X$ is a chain in $T$. Let $Y=\cup_{x \in X}x$. Then $Y \in T$ and Y is an upper bound of $X$. As a result, $(T,\subseteq)$ satisfies condition of Zorn's lemma. Hence $T$ has a maximal element $\bar{C}$.
Let $m$ be an upper bound of $\bar{C}$. Then $m$ is also an upper bound of $C$.
We now prove that $m$ is a maximal element of $A$. Assume $m < c$.
  Then $\bar{C} \cup \{c\} \in T$ and $\bar{C} \subsetneq \bar{C} \cup \{c\}$. This contradicts the fact that $\bar{C}$ is a maximal element of $T$. As a result, $m \nless c$ for all $c \in A$.
To sum up, $m$ is an upper bound of $C$ and a maximal element of $A$.

*@Michael approach

Let $u$ be an upper bound of $C$ and $T=\{x \in A \mid u \leq x\}$.
Assume $X$ is a chain in $T$. Then $X$ has an upper bound in $T$.
  As a result,  $(T,\leqslant)$ satisfies condition of Zorn's lemma.
  Hence $T$ has a maximal element $m$. $m \in T \implies m$ is an upper bound of $C$.
We now prove that $m$ is a maximal element of $A$. Assume $m < c$. This contradicts the fact that $m$ is a maximal element of $T$. As a result, $m \nless c$ for all $c \in A$.
To sum up, $m$ is an upper bound of $C$ and a maximal element of $A$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


BOULDER, Colo.—March 28, 2014 —The Active Archive Alliance announced today its participation in several industry trade shows in the coming months including NAB, SNIA Data Storage Innovation Conference, Data Center World, and Bio-IT World.
Active archives combine the best-of-breed file systems, software and hardware technologies to provide intelligent, efficient and practical solutions for data storage and access. Software solutions in an active archive allow existing file systems to expand over flash, disk, tape and other storage technologies.
NAB, April 5-10, 2014 in Las Vegas, NV. The world's largest electronic media show covering filmed entertainment and the development, management and delivery of content across all mediums, will feature a panel discussion hosted by the Active Archive Alliance and moderated by ESG Senior Analyst Mark Peterson Tuesday, April 8th from 1:00 pm – 3:00 pm. The panel, "Case Studies in Active Archive: Preserving, Retrieving and Protecting Your Digital Assets," will include executives from DataDirect Networks, Dell, Fujifilm, HP, Scality, SGI, and Spectra Logic.
SNIA Data Storage Innovations Conference, April 22-24, 2014 in Santa Clara, CA. At this inaugural data storage conference, Active Archive Alliance members Crossroads, Fujifilm, HP, and Scality will participate in a panel discussion on "Best Practices in the Management of Unstructured Data." It will be moderated by Floyd Christofferson, Chairman of the Board of the Active Archive Alliance and director of storage product marketing at SGI, and will outline the challenges, methodologies, and best practices to protect the massive scale "Big Data" repositories. The panel will take place on Tuesday, April 22nd at 4:50 pm.
Data Center World, April 28 – May 2, 2014 in Las Vegas, NV. At this data center and facilities management conference, the Active Archive Alliance will host a panel, "Best Practices in the Management of Unstructured Data," which will showcase end user case studies of active archive implementations and strategies. Molly Rector, Active Archive Alliance member and chief marketing officer of DataDirect Networks will moderate the discussion along with Alliance members Crossroads, SGI, and HP on Tuesday, April 29th at 3:00 pm.
Bio-IT World, April 29 – May 2, 2014 in Boston, MA. At this premier event showcasing the myriad applications of IT and informatics to biomedical research and the drug discovery enterprise, Active Archive Alliance members Fujifilm, HP and QStar will showcase how active archives can provide the most cost-effective, reliable and scalable way to store long-term data for the biomedical and drug discovery industry in booth 451.
To pre-schedule a meeting with an Active Archive Alliance member at any of these events, please contact pr@activearchive.com or call 303-513-7494.


Both Ends Of The Lead presents its first video in its canine stretching series in how to stretch your dog safely.
This is an information only video, so we strongly suggest that you consult with your veterinarian first to see if a stretching program is suitable for your dog. Both Ends Of The Lead cannot be held liable for any injuries that may occur to your dog whilst being stretched.
Also check out and subscribe to our new YouTube Channel – Your Dog And Arthritis – https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQPDzpFGqdtRYlb0vUQ96xA.


Many Americans will be celebrating Christmas Eve tonight. Gathering together with friends and family to reconnect, celebrate, and reflect on all that is good in the world. Everyone has their own traditions to celebrate the holidays. Have you thought of making your hot tub part of the night's festivities?
Here's a new holiday tradition idea: Take in the silent night of Christmas Eve in the peace and quiet of your hot tub outside. Make the bubbly waters of your hot tub the place to get away from all the electronic influences in our lives and just enjoy each other! After you're done using the jets, soak in the healing waters and sing a Christmas carol or two together. Sharing a carol in the hot tub is a creative cozy way to wrap up the evening.
Once you finish up your soak, get bundled up indoors and get ready to settle down with a nice cup of hot peppermint cocoa. Continuing the warmth of the hot tub into your tummy with some holiday-enhanced chocolaty goodness is a great nightcap for the whole clan. We're including a recipe here for homemade peppermint hot chocolate. (Fun accent—hang a mini candy cane on the rim of the mug when serving.) Give it a try, and let us know if you've made the hot tub part of your holiday tradition!
And, from all of us at Oregon Hot Tub, happy holidays!
Directions: In a saucepan combine the cream, milk, sugar & salt and heat over medium-low heat. When the cream mixture just begins to steam add the chopped chocolate & stir until melted. Stir in the peppermint oil. Divide the hot chocolate equally into four mugs and top with whipped cream & chocolate shavings.


Modular Construction - A Tipping Point for the Affordable Housing Industry?
For more than a decade I've been touting the benefits of modular construction to the affordable housing industry. In the early years, I was trying to convince bankers that modular construction was real property – they confused modular with manufactured housing (aka mobile homes or double wides). Then it was talking with General Contractors about how their subs would bid out the site work, and whether they would charge a premium due to decreased scope or uncertainty about scope. And the latter few years was spent encouraging an Owner to be the pioneer – to be the first to build a multifamily affordable housing project using modules.
At times I felt like I was the proverbial tortoise watching the hares run by with built prototypes and talk of market rate multifamily projects. Michelle Kauffman, with her Breeze House and Glide House, opened up the single family market and suddenly prefab was perceived as cool and sustainable by the likes of the Sunset and Dwell magazine readership. When Michelle was a keynote speaker at the Housing Washington Conference  a few years back, I thought "wow, it's about to tip!" But it didn't.
On July 23, we opened bids for Schemata's first modular construction project. The pioneering client is the Renton Housing Authority. The project is an 18-unit 2-story multifamily project – predominantly townhomes but with four stacked flats, making the scope a perfect test case.
Modular construction means that residential units arrive on site 90% complete with interior finishes, flooring, plumbing and lighting fixtures, electrical wiring, plumbing lines, windows and even exterior cladding if you choose. The modules are trucked to the site and lifted onto a site built foundation by a mobile crane.
The state and county funders thought the project was very innovative and awarded the project funding on the first round, which was quite an accomplishment in such a competitive environment. And while construction for sitework will commence immediately, the L&I approval process  for the modules is just starting with the selected manufacturer which means that modules cannot begin production for at least 2-3 months.
The design of the project started off with a strong understanding of the shipping constraints . While modular construction can accommodate wide open and double height spaces, the greatest economy can be achieved when modules are essentially intact, self-contained boxes. Given the tight construction budget, we elected to be conservative with our first project and go the latter route, expressing the modularity of the construction type in both the unit planning and exterior expression. Intent on a design that would allow the new homes to fit in with the neighboring modest and traditional housing, we looked at the gable form of the archetypal house. However, the width of the units were 14' wide and gables over each unit which would have created a busy roofline. Instead, the gable was split over 2 units and the two halves slid past each other to provide modulation along the street.
As townhomes, the stacking of units creates a fairly straightforward connection (or marriage) of modules with similarly straightforward wall and floor/ceiling assemblies; however, transition between the floors (namely at the stairs) had to be increased due to the redundant structure in the floor/ceiling assembly which resulted in lower ceiling heights than typically desired. The flats were not limited in ceiling height and the floor/ceiling assembly still posed some challenges relative to the sound transmission and impact noise. In addition, the marriage line required some attention in the detailing since there were openings between modules. This was not an issue at all with the Townhomes since the connection between modules was only vertical. However, the marriage line at the stair between upper and lower modules will be carefully reviewed during the "button up" phase .
Many owners assume incorrectly that modular inherently means a savings in construction cost. As one modular vendor aptly described, modular construction uses the same lumber and drywall that a site –built project requires. The deliveries that occur to a job site still take place, just at a factory leading to basic materials costs which are more or less the same as traditional site-built construction. It is true that the working conditions in a factory are much more efficient and result in lower material spoilage and waste, yet any cost savings in labor are offset by the fact that the modules are over-engineered to withstand the structural impacts of transport and lifting by crane. In fact, there is almost double the wood framing in a modular construction project than typical site-built project, making the modules very structurally robust. So it is not feasible that the costs would be less. Now if there were some economies of scale (not as significant on an 18-unit project), there is the possibility for the overall cost per square foot of the modules to come down significantly.
Where the potential cost savings lie are in the construction interest carry. For any developer of affordable housing, the ability to reduce the amount of interest paid means that there are more funds available for higher quality, durable finishes or a play structure for the children who will live in the project, or the staff time to provide supportive services for the residents.
Shorter construction time also means that the units are available for residents to move in sooner meaning the owner can start collecting rents and servicing the debt faster. This is of benefit to any multifamily developer, non-profit or market rate. However, for the affordable housing developers, the ability to provide more units in a shorter timeline means that they have the ability to serve more hard-working families, seniors, and veterans in need of housing.
We look forward to seeing whether Schemata's first modular construction project will be the tipping point for the affordable housing industry and for Schemata's multifamily portfolio.
Housing Washington is the state's affordable housing conference. It is held annually and between 700-800 people attend - primarily non-profit housing developers, public housing authorities, social service providers, lenders, attorneys, architects and contractors working in the affordable housing industry. As one of the largest of its kind, the conference draws 10% of the attendees from other parts of the country.
Washington State Labor & Industries will review the modular plans for adherence to building and energy codes. L&I will issue a Gold Insignia for each module, which will dramatically decrease the permitting costs but will increase the costs for special inspections.
Trucking dimensions are roughly 14' wide, 65' long and 14' tall. Modules can be wider or longer, but pilot cars will be required, adding to the already high transportation costs.
Button up refers to the patching of the marriage line between modules – both vertically in the townhouse stair and horizontally between rooms of the flats.
This Friday is Official Bike to Work day!
Schemata Workshop is excited to be joining forces with Central Physical Therapy & Fitness to host a DIY Station you won't want to miss. We'll have free Eltana Bagels, free reflectors and a rousing game of pin the reflector on the biker with prizes.
To celebrate alternative modes of transportation with neighbors, free food, and games.
We hope to see you Friday morning!
Below are images from this past weekend of the Sunset Electric Building, a handsome Capitol Hill edifice that is being re-purposed into part of a mixed-use development.
Derelict for many years now, the changes over the past few weeks have revealed its well-proportioned and finely detailed structure. Its current (and temporary state) creates a ghostly, yet inviting presence.
The thick walls, a composite of several layers of brick or of brick over a concrete frame, reveal crisp openings. Much contemporary construction lacks this depth and mass – it is comforting to know that the shell of the Sunset is to remain.
A frequent canvas for graffiti artists and concert posters, its interior, as one may expect, shows years neglect. One of its more recent uses was as an automotive body shop. Other, similar uses, have doubtlessly called it home over the years.
A gaping hole leading to what must be a damp and forlorn basement; heavy timbers and paired joists are all that remains of what was once a second floor.
The perimeter concrete frame that supports the brick cladding also supports the roof trusses; those here are a composite of wood posts and steel rods. Because of contemporary fire and building codes the wood framing needs to be removed, hopefully to be refinished and re-used.
Numerous skylights speak of the building's age and when such interior day lighting was commonplace. Note the row of lights that has been covered over; the lower cost of electricity and of electric lamps in the first quarter of the last century hastened the skylight's demise. Two tractors act as sentinels in the silent, cool late autumn afternoon; such large open spaces were well suited to manufacturing and automotive uses, most of which have left as the demand for urban living has increased and its need for smaller commercial and residential spaces.
Water stains on the roof decking and beams hint at years of deferred maintenance. Heavy timber construction is surprisingly robust, but it too will eventually deteriorate if left untended.
Sunset Electric has seen the twilight of its first life, and awaits the dawn of a new. Windows in time like this are fleeting – take a walk or ride your bike to the corner of East Pine Street and 11th Avenue and experience it yourself before it has passed.
Note: All images shown here were taken outside of the security fence. Please respect the needs for safety and security by exploring Sunset as I did, from the adjacent sidewalk.


UNICEF works in 190 countries and territories to save children's lives. To defend their rights. To help them fulfill their potential. And we never give up. UNICEF, for every child.
We worked hard to come up with the best possible result.
Explore our work to see the programmes we create on behalf of children in Bosnia and Herzegovina.


Reverse Osmosis fouling (RO fouling) is a phenomenon which affects the performance of a Reverse Osmosis system. Reverse Osmosis membrane filtration techniques are used to purify brackish and sea water, for drinking water production or other specific purposes. Fouling of membranes, however, is the general term to describe the attachment of matter onto the membrane surfaces. RO fouling is recognized as a major problem for membrane operations, because of a decline in finished water productivity, an increase in energy costs and reduced quality of the product water.
Scaling occurs when the solubility limit of sparingly soluble salts is reached and precipitates on the membrane surface. Scaling arises in the system where the salt concentrations are the highest, which is typically at the last membrane element. Salts like Silica or those formed by the Cations (Calcium, Barium, and Strontium) and Anions (Carbonate, Sulphate and Phoshate) are commonly found in this kind of fouling. The use of Antiscalents can delay this process and allows higher concentrations of salts making higher water recoveries possible. Dissolved organic substances like humic acids, and poly saccharides adhere to different kind of surfaces and can cover the membrane with gel like structures and affects the membrane performance negatively. This type of fouling is mostly found at the lead membrane elements.
Colloidal and particulate matter is filtered from the feed water stream and forms a solid cake on the surface of the membrane. Clay, sand and other suspended particles are typical in this type of fouling. Additionally, the soluble Iron 2+ and Manganese 2+, commonly present in anaerobic ground waters, can oxidize as soon as oxygen is present into the insoluble form, Iron 3+ and Manganese 3+, which contributes to this type of fouling. This type of fouling also occurs in the first elements of the system.
Biological growth is a complex mechanism that leads to fouling over time. First, there is adherence of bacteria to the membrane surface and dead zone areas in the membrane element, like the feed spacer. The bacteria then begins to grow on the membrane surface from the nutrients in the passing water, while simultaneously, new bacteria adheres to the same surface. At this point, the bacteria begin to multiply and form bacteria colonies. The bacteria will subsequently produce a gel like structure called Extracellular Poly Saccharides (EPS) that can block the feed channel and pores of the membrane, hence affecting a decrease in the membrane performance. The time in which this type of fouling develops is influenced by bacteria population, temperature and nutrient concentration. Unless for very specific, rarely found reasons, biological fouling is mostly located in the leading front elements of the installation.
Fouling can be prevented by seeking expert professional advice combined with proper pretreatment, flocculation, filtration and/or the implementation of a biocidal treatment program. Normally, installations should receive preventive cleaning regularly to prevent the reverse osmosis systems from fouling and to guarantee an optimal performance.


My mother lives in Albuquerque, but we haven't had the opportunity to attend Balloon Fiesta for several years. Once you have a school age child, travel becomes much more challenging during the school year.
But, we lucked out this year. My daughter had Fall Break that happened to fall the week of Balloon Fiesta. We didn't have Fall Break at the last school she attended, but what a gift it was to have this week off! We were not able to take a vacation this summer due to moving and starting a new job, so we were long overdue for a little trip.
This year's Balloon Fiesta was a successful one; oftentimes launches have to be delayed or postponed all together due to Albuquerque's wind.
This year, the balloons were able to launch every day. We went out on Tuesday morning.
It was early! It was cold! It was so very worth it! What an amazing sight. So many balloons-it was really incredible.
The photos don't do it justice. I'm so thankful we were able to go this year and visit with my mom. It truly was a wonderful week- relaxing and active, which is everything we want our travels to be.
I'm already thinking about our next vacation!