Vesely, P. & Smith, C. R. (2016). Alegría: A dance-based community health education program for Spanish-speaking families. SIS Quarterly Practice Connections: A Supplement to OT Practice, 1(1), 4-5.
Wilson, S., Anvarizadeh, A. Drazen, C. H., Holland, D., Kwebetchou, N., Smith, C. R., & Skowronski, J. (2015). Diversity in the workforce: Perspectives from emerging leaders. OT Practice Magazine, 20(21), 19-20.
Smith, C.R., Drazen, C.H., & Toth-Cohen, S. (2014). No hablo inglés: Client-centered occupational therapy practice with Spanish-speaking clients, OT Practice Magazine, 19(22), 8-12.
Consult with prospective occupational therapy students regarding admissions. Oversee admissions website and recruitment materials. Engage with community stakeholders and prospective students at community events. Coordinate Division participation in College and University recruitment activities. Coordinate application processing and interviews.
Provide lecture and learning experiences for occupational therapy students around topics such as leadership and advocacy, consumer access to OT services, global issues in OT, delivery and management of OT services, and pediatrics. Serve on CHP Diversity Committee, CHP Faculty Practice Committee, MUSC Diversity Officers and Champions Committee, Asst. Director of MUSC Student Diversity Search Committee, etc. Serve as Faculty Advisor for the CHP Student Diversity Leadership Council. Serve as Faculty Advisor for educational research group "A comparative study of the effects of a mixed methods course elective on students' attitudes, confidence, and perceived ski lls in working with diverse and under-served communities." Serve as Faculty Coordinator for annual OT Graduation Ceremony. Participate in and facilitate Division, Department, and College faculty meetings regarding Accreditation, Student Professional Development, Curriculum updates, etc. Participate in College and University interprofessional initiatives and various committees as needed.
Served as Chair of CHP Diversity Committee. Collaborated with CHP Diversity Committee and stakeholders to coordinate College-wide events and initiatives promoting diversity and inclusion. Engaged with CHP Chairs, Division Directors, and Staff Team Leaders for strategic initiatives to promote progress towards CHP Diversity and Inclusion goals to promote a more inclusive environment, enhance student diversity, and support faculty/staff diversity. Participated in CHP Leadership Council, CHP Academic Leadership Team, and MUSC University Diversity Officers and Liaisons Committees. Conducted needs assessment with targeted and general focus groups, individual and group leadership meetings, and surveys of faculty and staff in Fall 2017. Collaborated with Associate Director of Student Diversity to facilitate student needs assessment with targeted and general focus groups, individual and group meetings with students and student leaders, and survey Fall 2017.
Provide lecture and learning experiences for occupational therapy students around topics such as leadership and advocacy, consumer access to OT services, global issues in OT, delivery and management of OT services, and pediatrics. Supervise occupational therapy students during clinical learning experiences for children and adults with disabilities. Served as Faculty Advisor for independent study: "Diversity in Occupational Therapy—Literature Review." Initiated and taught "Assistive Technology for OT Practice" elective course. Initiated and coordinate community learning activities with Charleston Autism Academy. Coordinate community learning activities with Pattison's Academy for Comprehensive Education and previously the Junior Doctors of Health Program. Participate in Division, Department, and College faculty meetings regarding Accreditation, Student Professional Development, Curriculum updates, etc. Serve as a Session Facilitator for Division of OT Comprehensive Practicals with simulated patients prior to Level II Fieldwork (included supervising, grading, and coaching students afterward). Participate in College and University interprofessional initiatives and various committees as needed.
Provide lecture and learning experiences for occupational therapy students around topics such as leadership and advocacy, consumer access to OT services, global issues in OT, and pediatrics. Supervise occupational therapy students during clinical learning experiences for children and adults with disabilities. Initiated and taught "Assistive Technology for OT Practice" Elective Course. Initiated and coordinate community learning activities with Charleston Autism Academy. Coordinate community learning activities with Pattison's Academy for Comprehensive Education and Junior Doctors of Health Program. Participate in weekly Faculty Meetings regarding upcoming Accreditation, Student Professional Development, Curriculum updates, etc. Served as a Session Facilitator for Division of OT Comprehensive Practicals with simulated patients prior to Level II Fieldwork (included supervising, grading, and coaching students afterward). Supported Division of OT in 2013 Accreditation process including course documentation preparation, faculty documentation preparation, curriculum and strategic plan document development, and on-site visit activities. Supported Division of OT in 2012 search for OT Division Director including participation in presentations and meetings and candidate document review.
Oversee teams of eight occupational and physical therapy practitioners as well as four administrative staff; oversee coordination of community education and inclusive events; oversee development and management of therapy clinic; oversee and manage implementation of pediatric electronic medical record system; provide occupational therapy evaluation and treatment for children; oversee and manage billing, finances, and documentation systems; oversee and manage marketing strategies and social media including website, blog, and newsletter; oversee and manage insurance credentialing and authorizations.
Provided occupational therapy screenings, evaluations, and treatment for adults in in-patient, ICU, and out-patient rehabilitation settings; provided evaluation and treatment for children in out-patient services.
Provided occupational therapy services for school-aged children with multiple and severe disabilities; coordinated Level I OT Fieldwork student experiences.
Developed and implemented learning plan for small group of first semester occupational therapy graduate students utilizing multi-media and interactive learning techniques for units on UE, LE, head and neck, and trunk.
Coordinated processing of admissions documents, interview days, and tours for prospective students.
Coordinated processing of admissions and student visa documents for prospective and incoming international students.
Coordinated registration and randomization of subjects for clinical research organization; provided support to Project Management, Quality Assurance, Data Management, and Administrative Support Divisions.
Advised students with overhaul of organization name, structure, by-laws, budget, events, and promotional strategies to promote diversity and inclusion for students. Facilitated student events including Gullah Ghost Stories Silent Auction for Minority Student Scholarship, educational panels and presentations from local content experts, and enhanced networking opportunities with university leadership.
Panelist- "Inclusion and Diversity in the Health Sciences: 'Water, Fish, and the Sands of Time' Keynote Plenary Panel"
Invited to serve on multi-regional panel of speakers for AOTA Spring OT and OTA Academic Leadership Councils Meeting. Discussed development and implementation of college-wide strategic planning initiatives for promoting diversity and inclusion.
Panelist- "AOTA Future of the Profession Townhall Panel" Invited to serve on multi-regional panel of speakers for AOTA National Conference. Discussed perspectives on potential impact of occupational therapy doctorate mandate on workforce diversity.
Facilitated Conversations That Matter session to discuss strategies for recruitment, retention, and preparation of students from diverse backgrounds.
Discussed educational research project poster comparing attitudes, perceptions, and confidence related to service delivery with diverse and underserved communities for students who did and did not take an specialized research elective.
Lead-Presenter- "Promoting Diversity in the OT Workforce Through Holistic Admissions: Digging Through Data to Discover the Gems" Conducted 20-minute paper presentation on holistic admissions for audience of occupational therapy educators. Discussed rationale, legal and ethical implications, and strategies utilized by the MUSC Occupational Therapy program as a case example.
Lead-Presenter- "Cultural Caring: An Educational Initiative to Promote Client-Centered Care with Diverse Communities" Discussed educational research project poster comparing attitudes, perceptions, and confidence related to service delivery with diverse and underserved communities for students who did and did not take a specialized research elective.
Multi-regional collaboration for 6-hour Pre-Conference Institute workshop featuring MUSC College of Medicine Associate Dean of Diversity Michael de Arellano as Keynote Speaker, panel of guest speakers on recruitment and retention of under-represented students, and interactive presentations.
Invited to serve on multi-regional panel of speakers for short course presentation. Discussed strategies to provide access to quality care for children with language barriers through development of company Vida Bella Services, LLC providing pediatric occupational and physical therapy services; organization Alegria with annual events promoting "joyfulness" and improved quality of life for underserved communities, and engagement of students to promote access to quality care and health education programs for diverse communities.
Multi-regional collaboration with Coalition of Occupational Therapy Advocates for Diversity. Short course included discussion of strategies for recruitment and retention in academic settings.
Multi-regional collaboration for short course included discussion of strategies for OT practice with pediatric clients with families who speak Spanish as a primary language.
Presentation included discussion of evidence-based practice, pediatric assessments, and strategies for OT practice with Spanish-Speaking pediatric clients.
Collaborated on multi-regional presentation with Coalition of Occupational Therapy Advocates for Diversity. Short course included discussion of Coalition vision and mission, preliminary results from online national survey, a framework for promoting a diverse workforce, and the COTAD toolkit for promoting a diverse workforce.
Collaborated on multi-regional poster presentation which included strategies and resources for intervention with global communities at the individual, group, and population levels.
Collaborated on multi-regional presentation which involves conducting focus groups across the country to discuss issues and strategies related to diversity in the occupational therapy workforce. Short course discussion included current demographics and socio-political context, outcomes from focus groups conducted, and recommended strategies for future growth.
Collaborated with three MUSC Occupational Therapy Students to develop 45 minute presentation discussing sensorimotor strategies, resources, and tools to promote performance and participation for individuals as part of a state-wide conference for families of children and adults with special needs.
Developed and conducted presentation discussing common vocabulary/phrases, apps, and resources related to Spanish and Sign Language for pediatric occupational therapy practice.
Collaborated with colleagues and MUSC Occupational Therapy Student on multi-regional presentation discussing issues and strategies related to practice with Spanish-speaking clients. Short course discussion included current and projected demographic information, strategies for addressing language and cultural barriers from an organizational perspective, and resources for professional development.
Collaborated with colleague and MUSC Occupational Therapy Student to conduct presentation discussing apps, websites, and strategies to enhance practice with Spanish-speaking pediatric and adult clients.
Collaborated with current AOTA Vice President Amy Lamb and former AOTA President Penelope Moyers Cleveland to present short course on progress toward the AOTA Centennial Vision. Discussion included my personal experiences before, during, and after participation in the AOTA Emerging Leaders Development Program.
Collaborated to develop and present short course on providing OT services to clients across cultures including discussion of current professional guidelines, barriers, and strategies and resources for clinical practice.
Developed and conducted presentation discussing online websites, resources, and strategies for enhancing occupational performance for children with Autism.
Developed and presented speech encouraging OT students to assume leadership roles in small and large capacities to promote the profession of OT and our clients.
Developed and presented in-service for rehabilitation agency on AOTA Conference experiences of connecting, community, continuing ed, calling, and collaboration.
Developed and delivered presentation and interactive discussion under OTD faculty supervision on disabilities studies for graduate OT students and faculty including historical influences, current paradigms, and implications for OT Practice.
Developed and recorded PowerPoint guest lecture presentation for online interdisciplinary graduate course session and corresponded with students via online discussion board under OTD faculty supervision.
Developed and implemented lesson plan as OTD student for 3 hour graduate course session including PowerPoint lecture presentation, multi-media presentation, and interactive learning activities under MUSC faculty supervision.
Developed and presented poster under MUSC faculty supervision including discussion of contemporary literature, treatment interventions, and application of MOHO theory.
2011 American Occupational Therapy Association National Conference (Philadelphia, PA) 2011 Adventures in OT: Excavating for Knowledge, Resources, and Inspiration at the AOTA Conference [In-service]. Speaker.
2010 American Occupational Therapy Association National Conference (Orlando, FL) 2010 Coastal Therapy Services, Inc.
OT Student Clinical Correlate Supervision: Happy Feet Dance Camp.
OT Level I Fieldwork Student Supervision.
2009 M.O.R.E. Integrating the Mouth with Sensory & Postural Functions. 2009 Brain Gym: Integrating the Body and Mind.
2009 Moms of Mount Pleasant: Intro to OT. Speaker. 2008 Coastal Therapy Services, Inc.
Heroes: Using Evidence to Strengthen our "Special Abilities." Speaker.
2008 Infants and Toddlers with Disabilities Program, AOTA Online Course. 2008 OT in the Schools: Looking Ahead, Being Ready.
2007 O'Quinn School Teacher Assembly: Pediatric Rehabilitation for Pre-School and School-Aged Children. Speaker.
Dance Movement Therapy and OT Practice With Older Adults [Poster]. Speaker.


Many Excel users make use of the comment feature to leave notes for themselves and others about what they were thinking or with instructions for using the spreadsheets. A query we sometimes receive is whether the excel comment can change shape. So instead of the boring box, can you use one of the other shapes?
As shown on the Contextures site, you can do this via the Quick Access Toolbar. First thing to do is to get the Change Shapes button into your Quick Access Toolbar. Once that is done all you need to do is click on the comment and click again on the border of the comment so that the image is highlighted (no flashing cursor in the text).
Now click on the Change Shapes button in the Quick Access Toolbar and chose your shape.


text:
Events from the year 1827 in Germany

Incumbents

Kingdoms
 Kingdom of Prussia
 Monarch – Frederick William III of Prussia (16 November 1797 – 7 June 1840)
 Kingdom of Bavaria
 Monarch - Ludwig I (1825–1848)
 Kingdom of Saxony
 Frederick Augustus I (20 December 1806 – 5 May 1827)
 Anthony (5 May 1827 – 6 June 1836)
 Kingdom of Hanover
 George IV  (29 January 1820 – 26 June 1830)
 Kingdom of Württemberg
 William (30 October 1816 – 25 June 1864)

Grand Duchies
 Grand Duke of Baden
 Louis I (8 December 1818 – 30 March 1830)
 Grand Duke of Hesse
 Louis I (14 August 1806 – 6 April 1830)
 Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
 Frederick Francis I– (24 April 1785 – 1 February 1837)
 Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
 George (6 November 1816 – 6 September 1860)
 Grand Duke of Oldenburg
 Peter I (2 July 1823 - 21 May 1829)
 Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
 Charles Frederick (14 June 1828 - 8 July 1853)

Principalities
 Schaumburg-Lippe
 George William (13 February 1787 - 1860)
 Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
 Friedrich Günther (28 April 1807 - 28 June 1867)
 Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
 Günther Friedrich Karl I (14 October 1794 - 19 August 1835)
 Principality of Lippe
 Leopold II (5 November 1802 - 1 January 1851)
 Principality of Reuss-Greiz
 Heinrich XIX (29 January 1817 - 31 October 1836)
 Waldeck and Pyrmont
 George II (9 September 1813 - 15 May 1845)

Duchies
 Duke of Anhalt-Dessau
 Leopold IV (9 August 1817 - 22 May 1871)
 Duke of Brunswick
 Charles II (16 June 1815 – 9 September 1830)
 Duke of Saxe-Altenburg
 Duke of Saxe-Hildburghausen (1780–1826) and Duke of Saxe-Altenburg (1826–1834) - Frederick
 Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
 Ernest I (9 December 1806 – 12 November 1826)
 Duke of Saxe-Meiningen
 Bernhard II (24 December 1803–20 September 1866)

Events
 March 26 – German composer Ludwig van Beethoven dies in Vienna, after a prolonged illness. Thousands of citizens line the streets for the funeral procession 3 days later.

Births
 March 8 – Wilhelm Bleek, German linguist (d. 1888)
 June 13 – Alberto Henschel, German-Brazilian photographer, businessman (d. 1882)
 September 27 – Georgiana Archer, German (originally Scottish) women's rights activist and educator (d. 1882)
 November 1 – Friedrich Haase, German actor (d. 1911)
 December 17 – Baron Alexander Wassilko von Serecki, Governor of the Duchy of Bucovina, member of the Herrenhaus (d. 1893)

Deaths

 January 5 – Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, heir-presumptive to the British throne (b. 1763)
 January 19 – Ludwig von Brauchitsch, Prussian general (b. 1757)
 March 26 – Ludwig van Beethoven, German composer (b. 1770)
 May 5 – Frederick Augustus I of Saxony (b. 1750)
 November 7 – Maria Theresia of Tuscany, Queen of Saxony (b. 1767)

References

Years of the 19th century in Germany
Germany
Germany
1827 in Germany

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


You may apply for a marriage license Monday through Friday between the hours of 8:00 a.m. and 4:30 p.m. at the Green Valley Justice Court or the Pima County Superior Court.
The law prohibits marriage by any person who is under 16 years of age. The age of legal consent is 18 years of age. The State of Arizona does not require a blood test and there is no waiting period requirement. The license is valid for 12 months from the date of issuance and you must marry within that 12 months or the license will expire. The license issued by our office can be used anywhere in the State of Arizona.
If one of the parties is incarcerated, call 520-724-3292 to request a paper application by mail. If that line is busy, leave a message and include your name, full address, and a phone number where you can be reached if we have questions. The incarcerated applicant must have his/her signature notarized on the application. The second applicant should then bring the notarized application with them to our office, fill out the information for both applicants on a kiosk, and show the clerk the notarized document when called to a window.
A person who is 16 or 17 years of age may marry only if the person's prospective spouse is not more than three years older than the person, and either the person is emancipated or the parent or guardian with custody consents to the marriage. The law prohibits the Clerk of the Court from issuing a marriage license to a person under 18 years of age who does not meet these requirements.
The consent of at least one of your parents is required and can be accomplished by a subscribed, sworn and notarized statement containing the names of both the bride and groom and granting you the permission to wed or by completing the consent to marriage form. If your parents are divorced, or legally separated, the legal CUSTODIAL PARENT must consent to the issuance of the license. Proof of custodial parent shall be requested.
If either of you are 15 years of age or younger, the law requires an order signed by the Juvenile Court Judge of the Superior Court. Contact the Juvenile Court at 740-2064 for information on obtaining a court order.
The current fee for obtaining a marriage license is $83.00 in the form of a check, money order or cashier's check, payable to: Clerk of Superior Court.


text:
Brisbane's Largest Interactive Lighting Display Is Returning To Roma Street Parkland
Wander through the illuminated wonderland that is The Enchanted Garden.
Marco Ruiz - Staff Writer • November 7, 2022
Image: Supplied / The Enchanted Garden
Returning to the Roma Street Parkland for another year, The Enchanted Garden will be on display and open to visitors in the lead-up to Christmas, from November 25 until December 21. The spectacular sensory experience will envelop the plants, trees and gardens in a kaleidoscope of colours and light for an incredible trip.
Visitors this year will be guided through the parkland via a narrative journey that celebrates the Eastern Water Dragons of the parkland. To showcase the theme, the Roma Street Parkland will come to life and you can experience it in a new light as over 22,000 square metres shines, sparkles and twinkles in the evening. The gardens will glow and trees will shimmer while ambient soundscapes soundtrack your adventure.
The lighting trail is constructed with cutting-edge visual elements as well as special effects like holograms and unique activations that will transform your visit into an immersive and interactive experience. Sculptures will also be added to this year's display of light and colour including a moving shadow sculpture and a spectacular section of floral art.
The self-guided tour takes 30 minutes and is an exceptional addition to any evening out in the city come late November. From 4:30pm-9:30pm on Roma Street Parkland's Celebration Lawn and Lakeside Lawn, twelve of Brisbane's most popular food trucks will be parked up serving everyone—not just The Enchanted Garden ticketholders.
Food trucks at The Enchanted Garden 2022
Oh Waffles
Gelato a Go-Go
Yummi Fruit Ice-Creamery
JUICE POWER
Dinky D's Donuts
Sate House Fusion
SAMBA CATERING CO
Fritz's Wieners
BBQ Roadshow Low'n'Slow
CharKOR BBQ
Flavours of Eataly
Bill's Burgers.
Tickets to the Enchanted Garden are $7 per person (or free for children under 2, who do not require a ticket) with sessions taking place every 15 minutes beginning at 6:30pm. The final session is at 9pm.
Tickets are on sale now and can be purchased here.
Some sessions sold out within days last year, so we recommend getting in quick to secure your spot.
The Enchanted Garden, Roma Street Parkland, 1 Parkland Blvd, Brisbane City, QLD, 4000
SEE ALSO: An Enchanted Fairy Tales Exhibition Is Popping Up At GOMA Next Year

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package org.jsonatwork.ch4;

import static org.junit.Assert.*;

import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.*;

import org.apache.http.*;
import org.junit.Test;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.*;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.*;
import com.mashape.unirest.http.HttpResponse;
import com.mashape.unirest.http.Unirest;
import com.mashape.unirest.http.exceptions.*;
import com.mashape.unirest.request.*;

import static net.javacrumbs.jsonunit.fluent.JsonFluentAssert.assertThatJson;

public class SpeakersApiJsonTest {
	private static final String SPEAKERS_ALL_URI = "http://localhost:5000/speakers";
	private static final String SPEAKER_3_URI = SPEAKERS_ALL_URI + "/3";

	@Test
	public void testApiAllSpeakersJson() {
		try {
			String json = null;
			HttpResponse <String> resp = Unirest.get(
						SpeakersApiJsonTest.SPEAKERS_ALL_URI).asString();

			assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, resp.getStatus());
			json = resp.getBody();
			System.out.println(json);
			assertThatJson(json).node("").isArray();
			assertThatJson(json).node("").isArray().ofLength(3);
			assertThatJson(json).node("[0]").isObject();
			assertThatJson(json).node("[0].fullName")
							.isStringEqualTo("Larson Richard");
			assertThatJson(json).node("[0].tags").isArray();
			assertThatJson(json).node("[0].tags").isArray().ofLength(3);
			assertThatJson(json).node("[0].tags[1]").isStringEqualTo("AngularJS");
			assertThatJson(json).node("[0].registered").isEqualTo(true);
			assertTrue(true);
		} catch (UnirestException ue) {
			ue.printStackTrace();
		}
	}

	@Test
	public void testApiSpeaker3Json() {
		try {
			String json = null;
			HttpResponse <String> resp = Unirest.get(
							SpeakersApiJsonTest.SPEAKER_3_URI).asString();

			assertEquals(HttpStatus.SC_OK, resp.getStatus());
			json = resp.getBody();
			System.out.println(json);
			assertThatJson(json).node("").isObject();
			assertThatJson(json).node("fullName")
							.isStringEqualTo("Christensen Fisher");
			assertThatJson(json).node("tags").isArray();
			assertThatJson(json).node("tags").isArray().ofLength(4);
			assertThatJson(json).node("tags[2]").isStringEqualTo("Maven");
			assertTrue(true);
		} catch (UnirestException ue) {
			ue.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


A man has dreamed in colour for the first time after undergoing radiotherapy to treat a tumour on his eye.
The 59-year-old Australian previously dreamed exclusively in black and white. But when he received radiation therapy to the front and side of his head for four weeks, he began dreaming in vivid colour.
Some of these dreams involved mentally flicking through coloured images of former girlfriends, cars, and fish he had caught. In one, he saw colourful algebraic symbols emerge from a blackboard and whizz towards him.
Why he had previously dreamed only in black and white is unclear, but it may be because of the type of television he grew up with. People who saw only black-and-white film and television as children seem more likely to dream in greyscale throughout their lives. Australia didn't fully convert to colour television until 1975.
His switch to colour dreaming may have been sparked by the radiation's effect on electrical brain activity, says radiation oncologist Michael McKay, who treated the man at the North Coast Cancer Institute in New South Wales.
There is some evidence that radiation can affect electrical brain activity. People exposed to radiation during the Chernobyl disaster, for instance, showed unusual electrical brain activity on electroencephalography (EEG) tests. Over a third also reported abnormal dreams.
Abnormal dreams have not previously been associated with radiotherapy treatment of the head, but this may be due to lack of reporting, says McKay. In this case, the man had an easily-curable eye tumour, whereas many others who receive radiation to the head have terminal brain tumours. This could make them less likely to notice or remark on strange dreams.
The Australian man did not have EEG tests, so the effect of radiotherapy on his brain remains a mystery. "But if the radiation was affecting [EEG-detected] activity, then that could quite readily change the dream experience," says Simon Cropper at the University of Melbourne.
The man's dreams may have become more colourful in response to altered brain activity because colour is an easily-modifiable component of perception, says Cropper. For example, hallucinogens – which also modify the patterns seen on an EEG – almost always heighten the experience of colour.
But there could be a more banal explanation, says Robert Stickgold at Harvard University. The radiation may simply have caused the man to wake up more frequently in different stages of sleep, increasing the chance of noticing and remembering coloured dreams, he says.
The man's tumour was cured by radiotherapy and he reverted to black-and-white dreaming a few days after finishing treatment. McKay hopes other people will come forward if they have had similar dream-altering experiences during radiotherapy, so the phenomenon can be studied further.


Haley's design background lends itself to discovering inspiration from colorful and modern interiors, as well as busy cityscapes. Her passion for hairdressing is evident in her client's eye-catching colors.
Bright blondes, redheads and fashion colors.
How to maintain color for longevity and health of hair.


text:
Home Sport Trevor Bayliss emerges as Australian dressing room favourite to succeed Justin Langer
Trevor Bayliss emerges as Australian dressing room favourite to succeed Justin Langer
Trevor Bayliss has emerged as the favoured candidate among the Australia team to replace Justin Langer as head coach.
Telegraph Sport understands that Bayliss is backed by most of Australia's senior players and coaching staff to be appointed when Langer steps down which could be as soon as the end of the series.
Bayliss, who coached England to World Cup success in 2019 but had a mixed record in Test cricket, knows many of the players from his days coaching New South Wales, including Pat Cummins, Steve Smith, Mitchell Starc and David Warner.
He is seen as an antidote to the intense, volatile Langer who nearly lost his job last year when the dressing room rebelled against his methods.
He has since tempered his style, allowing the players more freedom to run the team under Cummins and Aaron Finch at the Twenty20 World Cup.
Langer will leave with a good record after overseeing the T20 win, although he received little credit for it, and beating England comprehensively to retain the Ashes.
Cummins refused to be drawn on Langer's future when he was asked about it after the second Test in Adelaide but in an interview with Telegraph Sport he praised the head coach. "He has been great. He is there to throw me some ideas. He works in the background making sure everyone gets what they need. That is coaches and players.
"The environment is in a really great place at the moment. I feel like I have all the support in the world internally and a lot of knowledge to call on if I need to."
Bayliss was popular with the England players. His laid-back style allowed Eoin Morgan freedom to run the one-day teams in his own style and it worked but Joe Root needed a firmer hand and Test results were inconsistent with batting the major problem.
Since leaving the England job Bayliss has coached the Sunrisers in the IPL and is currently in charge of Sydney Thunder in the Big Bash.
Langer is contracted until June but is due to hold talks with Cricket Australia at the end of the series. If he leaves, he is unlikely to be out of work for long. He will be linked to the England job if Chris Silverwood stands down.
Trevor Bayliss
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Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer. Metastatic melanomas are resistant to almost all existing adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, so detection of metastases remains a challenge, and no biomarkers are currently available to detect primary tumors with the highest risk of metastasis. Results presented in this paper show that Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) imaging of histological sections followed by supervised partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) can accurately (>90%) identify the main cell types commonly found in melanoma tumors. Here we define six cell types: melanoma cells, erythrocytes, connective tissue (includes blood vessel walls, dermis and collagen regions), keratinocytes, lymphocytes and necrotic cells. Interestingly, more than 98% of the melanoma cells are correctly identified. The spectra of the cells identified as melanomas were then further analyzed. First, we compared melanoma cells in primary tumors (from 26 patients) with melanoma cells from metastases (from 25 patients). Neither supervised nor unsupervised analyses revealed any significant difference. Similarly, we found no significant correlation between the infrared spectra of melanoma cells and the number of proliferative cells assessed by Ki67 immunostaining. Finally, we compared the infrared spectra of primary tumors from patients diagnosed at different stages of the disease. Infrared spectroscopy was capable of pointing out differences between primary tumors of patients at stage I or II and patients at stage III or IV, even by unsupervised analysis. We then developed a supervised PLS-DA model capable of predicting whether tumor cells belonged to one of the two aggregated disease stage groups. The model predicted a high rate of true positives (sensitivity of 88.9%) and a good rate of true negatives (specificity of 70.6%) in external validation. These results demonstrate that infrared spectroscopy can be used to help identify melanoma characteristics related to the cells' invasive capability.


Another sad night for the K's as Ben Ward-Cochrane's double condemns the hosts to another loss.
Kingstonian fell to their fifth straight defeat as Potters Bar Town completed the double over the home side.
It was former K's man who scored both the goals, in the 30th minute followed by a wonderful finish in the 57th minute that finished the contest off.
Andrew Musungu gave the K's a tiny amount for hope in the 91st minute but in truth any further comeback would have been undeserved.
K's will have to be much better on Saturday when they visit leaders Dorking Wanderers at Meadowbank.


Thank you for your interest in becoming a trade customer of SpecialFX Australia!
Our trade portal is only available to trade customers and stockists who are involved or associated in respective industries. The trade portal is not available to the general public.


I am daddy's little girl. We are two siblings. I'm the eldest. My father will wake me up in the evening because he brought a gallon of ice cream. When it is time for mushrooms, he whistles or calls me to get a basket. Sometimes, we go out on a bamboo-made raft to fish. My fishing pole is small. Then, he will swing it for me. Oh, I'm the first one who caught the fish! Hooray!
My father worked in a car company as a Car Sales Manager. One of the benefits or advantage of that is a FREE service car. As a child, I'm very excited to ride it. He would fetch me from school. I'm happy seeing him with a car. We travel wherever we want to go. We visit my grandparents every weekend. Oftentimes, I would tag along if my father has clients who showed interests. Life is not always at the top. My father sold the car to pay the hospital bills.
My cousin (whom I haven't met, yet) posted on Facebook a photo of a car. In her caption, she said, "Who own's this car?". I answered that it was our car. It brings back memories from my childhood. The woman near it who wore bridal wear is her mom.
My father loves cars and knowledge remains. You can ask him anything about it. Whenever you have a problem with the automotive parts, ask him. You'll be surprised by his suggestions and answers that leave you satisfied.
My father is gone, though. I regret the time that I wasn't able to take care of him. There were a lot of hurdles between us, though. Distance and low finances had kept us apart. Now, you are with Mama. You will always stay in our heart. Thank you, Papa.


With so much of mainstream modern music focused on creative sonic inventiveness, it's become something of a rarity to come across musicians who are skilled in the development of other musical components like lyric construction, visual storytelling and poignant songwriting. Wale Kayijaho, known as Simba, is one of the rare ones who does have these skills. The Late Bloomer, a 15-track project and loose chronological narration of his teenage years (puberty), bears witness to this. A resident of Edmonton, Canada and native of Rwanda, his story is unique — and his immortalization of his life on this project is fitting. Spanning just over 43 minutes, he crafts a poetic presentation on his experiences growing up whilst imbuing honesty, vulnerability, introspection, and thorough reflection.
The project is arranged chronologically with regard to events in his life, beginning with his immigration to Canada from his home country of Rwanda ("When I was four, Canada let us in the door") to his time at boarding school ("That's why you going to boarding school, gotta get your act together") to his present musical hustle ("I don't rap cuz I'm black"). A sort of play between innocence of childhood and the loss of it is used in the arrangement of the tracks. Tracks detailing his childlike innocence with regards to a specific issue or ideology are immediately followed by tracks communicating the loss of this innocence.
Tackled on the track "Take Em Back" are the challenges and complexities involved with migration especially synonymous with the African youth, and Simba delves into issues of climate and weather adjustment, adapting to new school programs (French immersion), and the difficulties of building new friendships ("New kids I had to merge with, I wasn't really feeling it, let alone fitting in"). The track is layered with a soulful sample which helps illuminate the storytelling. Late follows with a narrative on indulging in a typical teenage delinquency: getting high. Featuring Showtime, the track is a picturesque expression and narration of their habit of smoking marijuana and the motive behind it. Both artists engage in a bar trade-off on the last verse, injecting an elevated energy into the track.
The curation of the project — the soundscape and style of sound — is one of the major highlights. The cinematic quality of the sounds and the excellent sample selection (vintage New York hip-hop) elevates the content of the project. Tracks like "Room 305" with its heady, claustrophobic sound really embody and communicate the story being told.
The lyrical content and performance style on the entirety of the project hold a potent rawness and honesty — so much so that the delivery feels like it's straight off the dome. It's one of the project's strengths and feels right at home in the "personal diary" presentation. Themes of hardships, challenges, failure, race, struggle, redemption, and the road to it are dominant. Simba understands the intensity of his story and he expresses it with the importance it deserves.
The Late Bloomer is a visual offering interspersed with unique storytelling and expression. It's not without its faults — mostly due to the technical aspects — but it is important to note that this is his first full-length project, so I can only imagine with excitement what his next project has in store. The sky's the limit.


Not trying to totally defend MB but at the time of the Subban Weber Trade it was pretty equal across the league of whom won the deal a lot of GM's did think it was at least equal some even thought we got the better end. Hard to say on the Druin deal because Sergachev was still unknown how he would end up being both players had high end potential. It all depends on any teams needs at that time. AG for Domi we'll see but I agree I think most don't think the Habs won but he is younger with a lower cap hit which all ggm's look at also. So at the time each of these deals were done not all thought they were bad deals and none of the returning players are bad players. Weber's first year here was better than Subbans there. Hard to actually compare last season as Weber was hurt.
Actually when the Pk for Weber trade was made many of the league's GMs were polled and it was pretty much 50/50 on who they felt won the trade, so yes, a large percentage would have made that trade.
Same with Drouin. We were giving up a very highly touted prospect for a proven NHL player. A couple of GMs who were polled said it was a steal.
For us, they were dumb moves, no question - but it wasnt like Cam Neely for Barry Pederson or Kordic for Courtnall.
I dont think anyone is disagreeing with you. The point though was that right now - 2018 - we still have decent pieces to work with. if you suddenly got a GM with a plan, I think you have 8-9 strong core pieces under 26, a good group of high end prospects in the system, and a handful of vets who could still fetch you good returns in trades.
The trades have been really bad from a standpoint of building a cohesive team but from a standpoint of assets, we're not actually that far behind where we were. The problem is the guy who is making the deals hasnt got a clue and he's most likely going to be running those assets until they've lost what value they have left and are too old to do much with the new players in a couple of years.
I'm guessing the GMs who would have made the PK/Weber deal rank about as bad as Bergevin. Ditto for the Drouin deal. And our D right now proves those GMs are idiots.
Well a lot of people have liked Babcock who has stated how much he likes Weber and didn't even want to play Subban and while in Detroit didn't really have positive things to say about him.
Ya with the PK Weber trade, it's easy to forget how many "old-school" minds are still around the league who just get enamored with a player like Weber and frustrated with a player like PK. Due to the age difference (I'll consider the contracts a wash since Weber has a lower-hit but more downstream risk) the only way you can think Montreal won that trade is if Weber is the better player by a pretty wide-margin, and apparently that's what a lot of GMs thought.
The Drouin for Sergachev trade was quite different. At least if you just look at the trade on paper (ignoring team needs) it was fairly easy to make an argument that getting a proven young-NHLer with upside for an unproven prospect (even with a higher ceiling) was a smart risk to take. And that trade still has a chance to look okay to good.
Assuming Max is going to be traded before the season begins. Maybe the return will be someone that can play center on the top line. Assuming Byron and Shaw do not begin the season because of injuries.
The only way I see him bringing back a #1 Centre is if the centre in question is old. Like Toews or something (although if Chicago wants max its because they are going all in & they arent trading us Toews).
If though, somehow, we miraculously get a #1 centre, Id really love nothing more than to slot one of Domi or Hudon into that 2 slot. Both have had success at centre in the past & i think both are our best choices in-house to take up that 2nd slot. Id really like Drouin to go back to LW.
Agreed. I also wouldnt be surprised at all to see him play on this roster all year. Obviously only if he's ready & Im *pretty sure* they woudlnt be foolish enough to keep him with the club unless he is (like Mete last year) but the amount of proggress JK made over the last 10 -12 months is staggering.
There's also an outside chance that Poehling or Evans sticks with the club although i dont think either would start higher than 3rd on the roster.
I prefer Rocket's lineup. And from what I've read, Poehling is headed back to studies... also, Evans will play in the AHL to start IMHO.
Poehling has committed to one more year at St. Cloud. He will turn pro next year but I imagine he'll spend a year in the AHL. Kotkaniemi may be here before him.
Evans likely goes to the AHL, but more because of players like Plekanec, Peca, and DLR being signed and placed ahead of him on the depth chart because they have to clear waivers to go down. By all accounts, Evans was the most "NHL-ready" player at the Habs development camp, but I honestly don't think he'll get a fair crack at the line-up to start the year. They can say all they want that the best players will be on the team, but if Evans out-plays those other guys at camp, it won't be enough. He's going to have to out-shine them by a decent amount AND he's going to need someone else to look disappointing. This is why I've been arguing that signing the likes of Plekanec sets back other guys' development. If it's not Evans, it'll be Scherbak or Rychel or McCarron or DLR or so on who loses out on a spot or on ice time because Plekanec leapfrogs them on the depth chart. Zero point in that when we know the season is going to be a dead loss to begin with.
How many games does Plekanec need to reach his milestone?
2 games to reach 1000 and 19 to reach 1000 as a hab.
Yeah, im not sure how a player coach works in terms of roster space. My guess is, considering that Julien loves him, he'll be on the roster every game he's available.
Well im hoping he will be under 10 minutes a game.. i mean they have to see that as much as well all love super pleky, he's on borrowed time right now - right?? right???
Ryan Szporer with an interesting article here suggesting what he thinks might be our opening night roster (with some sprinkles of what he hopes will happen).
Domi - Drouin - Gallagher - This is probably what we'll see barring a trade. I dont mind it. I could see those 3 having good chemistry actually.
Pacioretty - Danault - Hudon - Assuming the captain isnt traded, he'll be with Danault. Hudon is a nice complement to that line & spent a lot of time with Patches last year.
Lehkonen - Kotkaneimi - Armia - I fully expect JK to get 9 games. Unless he is absolutely dominant, i am praying they send him back to Finland/Laval.
Deslauriers - Plekanec - Peca Tons of options for this line including DLR, BigMac, Rychel etc. Im not too worried about our 4th line. It is what it is.
Mete - Petry Definitely our 2 best defensemen with Weber out. Should be our only decent pair.
Alzner - Juulsen As much as I dont want Alzner in our top 4, he actually looked decent next to Juulsen. Only worry would be if this would hurt NJ's development?
Reilly - Benn Lots of options here. I want Reilly on our roster. I have no idea if Oullette or one of the Czech guys might leap frog one of these guys.
No concerns about lack of RWers? Good players are just good players? I hope so, because I like what I've seen out of Hudon.
Hudon is a left winger. He's also played a bit of center, but I don't think he's spent any appreciable amount of time on the RW. The RW's on this team are probably Gallagher, Armia, Shaw, and Scherbak, with Lehkonen also having some experience there.
Though he is a left-winger, as you say, he has played center before. That said, there are a number of left-wingers on the team as well. And barring a Pacioretty trade the weakness remains at center... so why not slot him in there.
It's fine to try Hudon at center. The problem comes back to the same issue, which is that all of our centers are either bottom 6 players (Danault, Plekanec, DLR, Peca, etc.) or else they're skill players but with very little experience at center and/or very little size (Drouin, Domi, Hudon, Kotkaniemi, etc.)... so either way, you're ending up with two top 6 centers who don't really have the moxie to play in any situation. Instead, you're going into the season with two guys who are going to need some amount of shielding or who just aren't capable of being in the top 6. It's fine to experiment with Hudon as your 2C if your 1C is Crosby or Matthews or Backstrom or Tavares or McDavid or Barzal or Draisaitl or Johansen or so on. It's a much bigger gamble to have Hudon as your 2C if Drouin is your 1C. Both guys are going to have the same lack of experience, the same size issues, the same need to improve their defensive games, and so on. Just creates a bit of a mess for a coach to try to win match-ups.
We have Gallagher, Scherbak, Armia, Shaw and a few players like Lehkonen and Hudon who have played RW but may be better suited to LW.
"According to the team's roster page, Charles Hudon is a left-winger, but on four of his top five lines from last season he played on the right. On two of those, he played opposite Pacioretty. On two others, he was centered by Danault, who in turn centered Pacioretty on the team's most-common line overall."
So Pacioretty (LW) - Danault (C) - Hudon (RW) was the team's most common line overall last year. Now, maybe Hudon is more effective at LW (and i still would really like to try him at centre) but there's been a history (last year at least) of using him on the right.


text:
Q: Normalized Database schema of quiz in php I am little confusing for building schema of quiz
In this I have to upload many questions and having four options each option contains textbox and corresponding checkbox that denotes for right answer. if admin select one checkbox that could be right answer.
Note:- In some cases I have uploaded many option 6 to 7 and answers might be 2 or 3 are correct and admin will click on many checkboxes

Can anyone helping in schema

A: This seems fairly straight forward. You just have three tables, one for quizzes, one for questions and one for answers. Something like this:
Quizzes
+----+-------------+-----------------+
| id |    name     |   description   |
+----+-------------+-----------------+
|  1 | Sample Quiz | An example quiz |
+----+-------------+-----------------+

Questions
+----+---------+------------+
| id | quiz_id |  question  |
+----+---------+------------+
|  1 |       1 | Question 1 |
+----+---------+------------+

Answers
+----+-------------+----------+------------+
| id | question_id |  answer  | is_correct |
+----+-------------+----------+------------+
|  1 |           1 | Answer 1 |          0 |
|  2 |           1 | Answer 2 |          1 |
|  3 |           1 | Answer 3 |          0 |
|  4 |           1 | Answer 4 |          0 |
+----+-------------+----------+------------+

This schema will support as many quizzes as you need, each with any number of questions and each question can have any number of answers.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
Diabetes and urbanization in the Omani population: an analysis of national survey data
Siba Al-Moosa1,
Sara Allin1,
Nadia Jemiai1,
Jawad Al-Lawati2 &
Elias Mossialos1
The prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Oman is high and appears to be rising. Rising rates of diabetes and associated risk factors have been observed in populations undergoing epidemiological transition and urbanization. A previous study in Oman indicated that urban-dwellers were not significantly more likely to have diabetes. This study was undertaken to determine if a more accurate urban and rural categorization would reveal different findings.
This study included 7179 individuals aged 20 years or above who participated in a cross-sectional interviewer-administered survey in Oman including blood and anthropomorphic tests. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the factors associated with diabetes, first in the whole population and then stratified according to region.
The prevalence of diabetes (fasting blood glucose ≥ 7 mmol/l) in the capital region of Muscat was 17.7% compared to 10.5% in rural areas. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes was 4.3%. Urban residence was significantly associated with diabetes (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4–2.1), as was age (OR = 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1- 1.2), obesity (abnormal waist circumference) (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.5–2.1), and systolic blood pressure (SBP) 120–139 (OR = 1.4, 95% CI:1.04–1.8), SBP 140–159 (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.4–2.6), SBP ≥ 160 (OR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5). Stratified analyses revealed higher education was associated with reduced likelihood of diabetes in rural areas (OR = 0.6, 95% CI: 0.4–0.9).
A high prevalence of diabetes, obesity, hypertension and high cholesterol exist in the Omani population, particularly among urban-dwellers and older individuals. It is vital to continue monitoring chronic disease in Oman and to direct public health policy towards preventing an epidemic.
Epidemiological studies reveal rising rates of type 2 diabetes worldwide, notably in developing countries undergoing epidemiological transition from communicable to chronic diseases [1, 2]. This has also been observed in certain populations that have undergone relatively rapid transition from rural to urban lifestyle [3–5]. Studies in low- and middle-income countries have identified that risk factors for chronic diseases are more prevalent in urban than rural areas [6–9].
Although the Sultanate of Oman has been successful in reducing communicable diseases and increasing life expectancy at birth to 76 years for women and 71 for men [10], rapid cultural changes and social advances since 1970 have led to the manifestation of a wide range of non-communicable diseases [11]. The 2004 population is extremely young, with only 3% aged 60 years or older [10].
The fifth Health Development Plan in Oman (1996–2000) identified, for the first time, diabetes as a major concern and set specific goals to prevent further progression of the disease [12]. The National Diabetes Survey conducted in 1991 showed that 10% of the Omani population over the age of 20 years had diabetes mellitus, resulting in an estimated 80,000 people living with diabetes [13]. Also, a recent study of metabolic syndrome in an Omani city, Nizwa, reported a prevalence of high fasting glucose of 18% in 2001 [14].
A recent study conducted in Oman [11] identified that diabetes was associated with the classic risk factors [15], but not urbanization. The authors' definition of urbanization was based on each wilayate (district) being divided into two sections: the first section comprised the wilayates' centers representing the urban area and the second section comprised the villages or remote parts, which represent the rural areas [11]. According to this definition, 73.1% of the population resides in urban areas.
Consistent with this definition, the World Bank and UNDP also present high figures of urbanization in Oman. Specifically, in 2001 an estimated 76% of the population was considered urban [16], compared to 77% in 2002 [17].
However, other studies suggest a very different urban-rural distribution (e.g. 11% urban in 1990 [18]; 10.6% urban in 1990 and 15.1% in 2000 [19]). Similarly, we believe the only area in Oman that can be considered urban is the capital region of Muscat, constituting 21.7% of the population in 2000.
The population density (persons/km2) in the region of Muscat is 162.1, compared to 52.3 in the second most populated region (Al Batinah), with the remaining regions relatively sparsely populated (0.3–15.8 persons/km2) [20]. In addition, about half of all commercial banks, vehicles on the road, electricity connections, and telephone lines in Oman are found in the capital region of Muscat, which can be seen as an indirect indication of urbanization [20]. Furthermore, health facilities are concentrated in the capital region; about 30% of all hospital beds, and 40% of private health clinics are located in Muscat [20]. Moreover, the average occupancy rate of the Muscat hospitals is much higher than the other regions: 66% compared to an average of 46% across the remaining regions [20]. The only international airport in the country is located in Muscat; the same is true for the only government university. Finally, the presence of American companies further demonstrates the potentially different lifestyle among those living in Muscat; there are four Starbucks and four McDonalds restaurants in Oman, all of which reside in Muscat.
Socio-demographic characteristics of the urban and rural populations also differ significantly. Table 1 shows the age, sex and educational distribution of the populations in Muscat and the remaining regions. Overall, Muscat has a younger, better educated population with a slightly smaller average family size.
Table 1 Socio-demographic characteristics of urban (Muscat) and rural populations
The objectives of the present study are twofold: to measure the prevalence of diabetes and associated coronary risk factors across demographic and socioeconomic descriptors; and to determine the significant factors associated with diabetes, in particular to examine whether urban residence as we have described above (i.e. living in the capital region) is independently associated with diabetes, adjusting for other risk factors and demographic factors.
Study population and sampling method
The sample for the 2000 National Health Survey was chosen so that it would represent the ten regions in the Sultanate. First, a multi-stage stratified probability-sampling design was used to randomly select a number of wilayates (districts) from each region, according to proportional allocation of population size in each region. There are 59 wilayates in Oman, of which 16 were chosen for the survey. Second, within the wilayates, enumeration areas (as defined by the 1993 census) were randomly selected. Third, within the enumeration areas, households were randomly selected. The present analysis considered the capital region of Muscat to be urban, and considered the remaining nine regions to be rural.
All subjects aged 20 and above in each of the chosen households were requested to participate in the survey. Out of the 2044 occupied households in the sample, 1968 were interviewed with a total of 17,574 subjects (96%), of which 7179 were aged 20 or older. The response rate of subjects aged 20 or above was relatively high for all medical measurements: height, weight and blood pressure (90%), waist measurement (89%), hip measurement (86%), fasting blood glucose (81%) and serum cholesterol samples (82%).
A questionnaire developed by the Ministry of Health was administered by trained interviewers. The questionnaire included demographic background (age, sex, marital status, educational status, and working status) and self-reported diabetes mellitus, hypertension and smoking habits. The survey protocol also included measurements of blood pressure, weight, height, waist and hip circumference, taken by nurses according to WHO recommendations [21]. Blood samples of venous fasting blood glucose and serum cholesterol were also collected. Details of the sample collections are given elsewhere [22]. Fasting was ensured through visits by the interview teams to the houses on two consecutive days: on the first day, participants were requested to fast after dinner; on the second day the participants were visited in the morning, and blood samples were taken only for those individuals who confirmed they had fasted.
Diabetes was determined through adding the individuals with self-reported diabetes to those with a fasting blood glucose of ≥ 7.0 mmol/l, following the WHO criteria for diagnosis of glucose intolerance [21].
Blood pressure was measured twice for each individual and mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) in mmHg was separated into four categories: <120; 120–139; 140–159; and ≥ 160. Hypertension in this study was defined as SBP ≥ 140 mmHg. Cholesterol levels (mmol/L) were divided into quartiles (<4.3; 4.3–5; 5.1–5.8; and >5.8); cholesterol ≥ 5 mmol/L was considered to be high.
Measures of obesity included waist circumference, body mass index [BMI; weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters (kg/m2)], and waist-to-hip ratio. Following WHO guidelines, waist circumference was considered to be abnormal ≥ 102 cm for men and ≥ 88 cm for women; and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was considered to be abnormal >0.95 cm for men and >0.85 cm for women. Respondents were classified as overweight if BMI ≥ 25 and <30 and obese if BMI ≥ 30.
The demographic variables include: age, grouped into 17 five-year age bands between 20 and 109 years; sex; and marital status, measured as married or not married (including divorced, separated, widowed or never married). Whether the individual smoked was also included. Level of education is separated into three groups: illiterate; less than secondary school; and secondary school and above. No other available measure of income or socioeconomic status was available in this survey.
Place of residence was used to categorize individuals into urban and rural. Those living in Muscat were considered to be urban-dwellers, while those residing in the rest of the country were considered to be living in rural areas.
The prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity by region, demographic and educational status was measured. Then multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to analyze the significant factors associated with the dependent variable, diabetes, first in the whole population and then stratified according to region. Independent variables were selected on the basis of the literature of diabetes risk factors [23]. Due to the high degree of colinearity between the three measures of obesity, only waist circumference was chosen for the regression models, as recommended by WHO. Most of the variables included within the models are categorical, thus dummy variables are created. Results are presented as crude and adjusted odds ratios with associated 95% confidence intervals. All analyses were conducted using Stata 8; p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.
Table 2 presents the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and obesity across the identified independent variables. Among the population aged 20 or above, the overall prevalence of diabetes was 11.6% and varied according to urban or rural residence, age, marital status, educational level, smoking status, measures of obesity (BMI, WHR, waist circumference), cholesterol and SBP. The prevalence of hypertension (mean SBP ≥ 140 mmHg), and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) among the adult population were 21.5% and 19.1% respectively. High cholesterol (≥ 5 mmol/L) affects more than half of the adult Omani population.
Table 2 Prevalence (%) of diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity by urban residence and selected variables.
Furthermore, diabetes affects a much greater proportion of the urban population (17.7%) than rural (10.5%). Similarly, hypertension is more common in urban (26.4%) than in rural areas (20.2%). The difference in prevalence of obesity in urban areas and rural areas appears to be less significant, as with the prevalence of high cholesterol. A gradient in unstandardized diabetes prevalence was also observed with education suggesting that the higher educated individuals were less likely to have diabetes than the illiterate or less educated groups.
Table 3 shows the variables that are significantly associated with diabetes, ceteris paribus. Of the 7179 respondents aged 20 or over, 5847 individuals were included in the analysis due to missing data for one or more of the variables. Individuals living in the urban capital region were almost twice as likely to have diabetes as those living in the rural areas. Furthermore, advanced age, being married, and abnormal waist circumference also increased the odds of diabetes.
Table 3 Significant factors associated with diabetes (p < 0.05)
A strong gradient was apparent with SBP: compared to SB p < 120 mmHg the adjusted OR for diabetes increased from 1.4 (SBP: 120–139 mmHg) to 1.9 (SBP: 140–159 mmHg) and decreased to 1.7 (SBP = 160 mmHg). The lack of a linear relationship between SBP and diabetes is likely a result of the small sample of individuals in the highest SBP group.
After controlling for the other factors, education was not significantly associated with diabetes, except with stratified analyses by region (see Table 4). These stratified analyses revealed that higher educated individuals, particularly in rural areas, were less likely than illiterate individuals to have diabetes.
Table 4 Significant factors associated with diabetes in urban and rural areas (p < 0.05) or (p < 0.10)*
As expected with the use of a more accurate categorization of urban and rural areas in Oman, residence was found to be a significant independent factor for diabetes similar to other epidemiological studies [24, 25]. Because the impact of urban residence on likelihood of diabetes persisted after adjusting for demographic and educational variables, there are some unobserved unique features of urban populations that increase their risk of diabetes. These variables are likely to relate to lifestyle factors or perhaps to characteristics of employment.
Possibly explaining the higher prevalence of diabetes in the urban area is the change in dietary patterns, physical activity patterns and lifestyle associated with urbanization (which has been taking place to a large extent in the past 30 years, as witnessed by the increasing migration of Omanis to Muscat) [26, 27]. Moreover, in the past 30 years Oman experienced rapid socioeconomic developments that were associated with a sharp rise in car ownership, an increase in consumption of high fat caloric-dense food, refined sugar and salt, and increased rates of smoking [28].
It is unlikely that the elevated rate of diabetes in the capital region is due to lack of awareness or diagnosis among rural-dwellers, since the same haematological criteria to determine diabetes were used for all individuals. Because of the lack of available information on income, lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise, household expenditure, or socioeconomic status, it is not possible to test whether these factors may help explain the relationship between urbanization and diabetes.
The results of this study indicate that hypertension is significantly associated with diabetes, particularly among urban-dwellers. Also, the prevalence of hypertension is higher in the capital region than the rural areas. These findings are consistent with previous studies [8, 13, 29–32], and indicate that individuals in the capital region are at higher risk for developing both diabetes and cardiovascular disease, due to elevated prevalence of coronary risk factors, than those in rural regions of Oman.
Almost one-fifth of the adult Omani population are obese. The past decade has witnessed an increase in the rate of obesity and overweight among Omani men, while a declining trend has been observed among Omani women [28]. In the urban area, this high prevalence could be attributed to rural to urban migration after the 1980s oil boom [28]. Although higher than among men, the decreasing rate of obesity among women has been explained by increasing educational levels, declining fertility rates and improved awareness of self-image [28].
Crude estimates indicate that illiterate and less educated individuals are more likely to suffer from diabetes, high blood pressures and high cholesterol. It appears that when all the other factors are considered, education is not independently associated with diabetes. However, when separate analyses were conducted for urban and rural areas, higher educated individuals were less likely to have diabetes particularly in the rural population. This finding has also been demonstrated in Bahrain [29]. It is unclear whether lifestyle characteristics that were not measured in this study, such as exercise and dietary patterns, may be driving the relationship between education and diabetes. Thus, higher educated individuals may be better aware of coronary risk factors and use more effective preventive measures.
Finally, it is important to note that the prevalence of diabetes defined through blood test in Oman is considerably higher than the self-reported prevalence. Less than half of the number of individuals with diabetes as defined by fasting blood glucose reported having diabetes. Indeed the situation is more striking in the urban area of Muscat: among the urban population, 11.1% of those who declared they did not have diabetes actually did according to blood tests; compared to only 6.2% among those outside Muscat. This finding highlights the importance of health education and frequent testing in order to prevent individuals unaware they have diabetes from developing complications associated with the disease [33], particularly in the region of Muscat.
This study is limited by the cross-sectional nature of the data, which does not provide any indication of the direction of effect or causality. This limitation also prevents any measure of temporal changes in prevalence of diabetes and factors associated with diabetes. Longitudinal studies would serve as a complement to the present study to determine causality and directional effect of the factors.
In addition, the blood test used to diagnose diabetes for this study did not differentiate between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the proportion of individuals with diabetes in the lowest age group (3.6%) is likely suffering from type 1 diabetes. The risk factors associated with the two types of diabetes are different, with a stronger genetic component for type 1, therefore the significance of the other factors in the model may be underestimated. Indeed in a sensitivity analysis in which we excluded the youngest age groups (age 20–29) from the analysis, the strength of the association between blood pressure and diabetes increased and the relationship between urbanization and diabetes remained unchanged; however the relationship between marital status and diabetes disappeared.
Finally, because this study uses secondary data collected for the purpose of the National Health Survey, the use of robust standardization methods of data collection, particularly important for measures of blood pressure and anthropomorphic indicators, were not employed. Therefore the potential for minimizing systematic error is limited.
This study highlights the prevalence of diabetes and associated coronary risk factors in urban Oman. Public health policy should be directed towards this area with a focus on primary prevention of diabetes, hypertension and obesity by lifestyle interventions.
As the relatively young Omani population ages in the future, there will likely be an escalation in the prevalence of diabetes and other chronic diseases. Therefore, it is important to continually monitor the coronary risk factors in Oman, as well as to direct effective public health interventions towards the high risk groups, such as those living in the capital region, individuals with high blood pressure, and obesity.
Chronic disease research in Oman and other countries in the Gulf region would be improved if national surveys collected more detailed information on reported symptoms, dietary patterns, physical exercise, and income level. These data would enable further analysis of chronic diseases and thus help to better inform public health policy-makers. Furthermore, a specially designed survey with the objective of determining risk factors of diabetes and cardiovascular disease that incorporates robust standardization methods is needed to confirm the findings of the present study.
At this time it is vital to consider the classification of urban and rural residence in Oman, and other Middle Eastern countries, in order to improve analytical studies as well as the consistency and accuracy of data presented by international organizations.
King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH: Global burden of diabetes, 1995–2025. Diabetes Care 1998, 21: 1414-1431.
Hennis A, Wu S-Y, Nemesure B, Li X, Leske M: Diabetes in a Caribbean population: epidemiological profile and implications. Int J Epidemiol 2002, 31: 234-239. 10.1093/ije/31.1.234
Hamman RF: Genetic and environmental determinants of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Diabetes Metab Rev 1993, 8: 287-338.
King H, Rewers M: WHO Ad Hoc Diabetes Reporting Care Global estimates for prevalence of diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in adults. Diabetes Care 1993, 16: 157-177.
Zimmet P: The pathogenesis and prevention of diabetes in adults: genes, autoimmunity and demography. Diabetes Care 1995, 18: 1050-1064.
Abdul-Rahim HF, Abu-Rmeileh NM, Husseini A, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Jervell J, Bjertness E: Obesity and selected co-morbidities in an urban Palestinian population. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders 2001, 25: 1736-1740. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0801799
Abdul-Rahim HF, Holmboe-Ottesen G, Stene LC, Husseini A, Giacaman R, Jervell J, Bjertness E: Obesity in a rural and an urban Palestinian West Bank population. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003, 27: 140-146. 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802160
el Mugamer IT, Ali Zayat AS, Hossain MM, Pugh RN: Diabetes, obesity and hypertension in urban and rural people of Bedouin origin in the United Arab Emirates. J Trop Med Hyg 1995, 98: 407-415.
Al-Nozha MM, Al-Maatouq MA, Al-Mazrou YY, Al-Harthi SS, Arafah MR, Khalil MZ, Khan NB, Al-Khadra A, Al-Marzouki K, Nouh MS, Abdullah M, Attas O, Al-Shahid MS, Al-Mobeireek A: Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Medical Journal 2004, 25: 1603-1610.
Country information: Oman[http://www.who.int/countries/omn/en/]
Al-Riyami A, Afifi M: Distribution and Correlates of Total Impaired Fasting Glucose in Oman. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 2003, 9: 377-389.
Alwan A, Jarrett J: Review of the National Diabetes Programme in Oman. Geneva: World Health Organization 2002.
Asfour MG, Lambourne A, Soliman A, Al-Behlani S, Al-Asfoor D, Bold A, Mahtab H, King H: High Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in the Sultanate of Oman: Results of the 1991 National Survey. Diabet Med 1995, 12: 112-1125.
Al-Lawati JA, Mohammed AJ, Al-Hinai HQ, Jousilahti P: Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome Among Omani Adults. Diabetes Care 2003, 26: 1781-1785.
World Health Organization: Definition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Geneva: World Health Organization 1999.
The 2002 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects[http://esa.un.org/unpp/]
Information Communications and Technologies at a glance: Oman[http://www.worldbank.org/cgi-bin/sendoff.cgi?page=%2Fdata%2Fcountrydata%2Fict%2Fomn_ict.pdf]
Kharoufi M: Urbanization and Urban Research in the Arab World. Discussion Paper Series – No 11 1996.
Roberts B: Urban Management in Asia: Issues, Priorities and Opportunities. UMP: Urban Management Programme Regional Office for Asia -Pacific; 2000.
Sultanate of Oman Ministry of National Economy: Final results of the census 2003. Muscat: Ministry of National Economy 2003.
King H, Minjoot-Preriera G: Diabetes and Non-Communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey- a field guide. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2000.
Sultanate of Oman Ministry of Health: National Health Survey, 2000: Volume 1 – study of life style risk factors. Muscat: Ministry of Health 2000.
De Fronzo RA, Ferrannini E, Keen H, Zimmet P: International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus, 3rd Edition. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2004.
Zimmet P: Type 2 (Non-insulin-dependent) diabetes: an epidemiological review. Diabetologia 1982, 22: 399-411. 10.1007/BF00282581
Zimmet P, Taylor R, Ram P, King H, Sloman G, Raper LR, Hunt D: Prevalence of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance in the biracial (Melanesian and Indian) population of Fiji: a rural-urban comparison. American Journal of Epidemiology 1983, 118: 673-688.
Levitt NS, Katzenellenbogen JM, Bradshaw D, Hoffman MN, Bonnici F: The Prevalence and Identification of Risk factors for NIDDM in Urban Africans in Cape Town, South Africa. Diabetes Care 1993, 16: 601-607.
Al-Lawati JA, Al Riyami AM, Mohammed AJ, Jousilahti P: Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Oman. Diabet Med 2002, 19: 954-957. 10.1046/j.1464-5491.2002.00818.x
Al-Lawati J, Jousilahti P: Prevalence and 10-year Secular Trend of Obesity in Oman. Saudi Medical Journal 2004, 25: 346-351.
Al-Mahroos F, Al-Roomi K, McKeigue PM: Relation of high blood pressure to glucose intolerance, plasma lipids and educational status in an Arabian Gulf population. Int J Epidemiol 2000, 29: 71-76. 10.1093/ije/29.1.71
Haffner SM: The prediabetic problem: development of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and related abnormalities. Journal of Diabetes Complication 1997, 11: 69-76. 10.1016/S1056-8727(96)00099-2
Njolstad I, Arnesen E, Lund-Larsen PG: Sex differences in risk factors for clinical diabetes mellitus in a general population: a 12-year follow-up of the Finnmark Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 1998, 147: 49-58.
Gress TW: Hypertension and antihypertensive therapy as risk factors for type 2 diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med 2000, 342: 905-912. 10.1056/NEJM200003303421301
Al-Riyami A, Afifi M: Accuracy of self-reporting of diabetes mellitus and hypertension and its determinants among Omani adults. Saudi Medical Journal 2003, 24: 1025-1026.
We would like to thank Dr Asya Al-Riyami and Dr Mustafa Afifi at the Ministry of Health of Oman for giving us permission to use the data of the National Health Survey 2000 and for providing us with Omani publications. We would also like to thank Mohammed Al-Nomani and Ibrahim Al-Hasani at the Sultan Qaboos University Library for their contribution to our research. We are especially grateful for the advice given by Professor Walter Holland.
The London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Health and Social Care, UK
Siba Al-Moosa, Sara Allin, Nadia Jemiai & Elias Mossialos
Ministry of Health, Oman
Jawad Al-Lawati
Siba Al-Moosa
Sara Allin
Nadia Jemiai
Elias Mossialos
Correspondence to Sara Allin.
Siba Al-Moosa conducted the literature review, drafted sections, and assisted with statistical analysis. Sara Allin conducted the statistical analyses, drafted and edited sections. Nadia Jemiai drafted and edited sections, and assisted with statistical analysis. Jawad Al-Lawati provided expertise and oversight throughout the process, and reviewed drafts. Elias Mossialos provided expertise and oversight throughout the research process, and reviewed drafts. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Al-Moosa, S., Allin, S., Jemiai, N. et al. Diabetes and urbanization in the Omani population: an analysis of national survey data. Popul Health Metrics 4, 5 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1186/1478-7954-4-5
Systolic Blood Pressure
Coronary Risk Factor
Urban Residence


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'Veronica Mars' Is Not Done Yet. Season 5 Is in the Works
[Warning: spoilers for Veronica Mars season 4, ahead]
With an ending like the last 10 minutes of season 4, Veronica Mars can go one of two ways: The fans can full-on revolt and the story ends here, or Veronica (Kristen Bell) can go on solving crime outside of Neptune and without the first half of LoVe. It will be the latter, if the creators and stars of Veronica Mars have anything to say about it. Let's just hope Hulu and the fandom agree, because I refuse to let this story end with the death of Logan Echolls (Jason Dohring).
So what do we know about the next season of Veronica Mars? More than you'd think.
Will there even be a season 5?
It looks like it. To be honest, at first I thought Logan's death was the end of the show. This show has always been dark (they blew up a busload of children in season 2, guys), and Veronica's long drive off into the sunset felt extremely final. It took talking to Jason to see how losing her husband (!!!) opened the door for more seasons.
According to Jason, creator Rob Thomas decided to take Logan out of the picture to "shed all the teenage drama of the show." When asked if there were definite plans to continue, Jason said Rob "wanted to do a little James Bond–like series."
Kristen Bell is down. "I told Rob Thomas that I will do Veronica Mars until it's Murder, She Wrote," she told TVLine. "I will keep doing this show until everyone in Neptune is dead. And then the big reveal is that Veronica's the criminal; she killed everyone!"
Now it's just up to Hulu. "They have checked mine and Kristen's availability moving forward," Rob told TVLine. "Bottom line: If we do good numbers for Hulu, we will be doing more [seasons] for Hulu. I think they really like the show. But I also think they need to see that people are watching it."
They've already got ideas for next season….
"I have not zeroed in on what, exactly, they would be," Rob told CNN. "But I have been playing around with ideas that are almost like Agatha Christie, like a murder in a manner house sort of mystery."
He's ready to "lean hard" into Veronica, the detective. "I think season 4 was the bridge that took us from being the show that it was, which was the soap of Veronica's life and a detective show. And I think the next one will be just a detective show."
Season 5 would take us out of Neptune, California.
One year after Logan's death, Veronica is seen driving away from her gentrified hometown of Neptune. Unlike the movie, which used a murder to pull Veronica home from New York, season 5 would let her expand her horizons.
"Now, she can show up any place, do anything, and it really puts her in this place of determination," Jason says of his character's death. There are no hard feelings. "I get that for the show, and I'm happy to play a role in that."
So, which other characters will come back?
Marshmallows may be disappointed that there are no concrete plans to bring back anyone other than Veronica, and that's on purpose.
"It becomes very Murder, She Wrote if the same six people are involved in all of Veronica's cases," Rob says. "I wanted to get away from that model. With this one, I wanted the people involved in this murder mystery to be a new set of characters."
Even Veronica's go-to techie Mac (Tina Majorino), who fans were disappointed didn't make it into season 4? "I'm going to let the plot of the murder mystery determine who is in the show rather than the other way around, which is what I think I've done in the past seasons."
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Saxophone Discussion Forum
Saxophone Links & Resources
Laura Dreyer
Saxophonist/Flutist/Composer Laura Dreyer, who is originally from the San Francisco Bay Area, has been a professional musician in New York City since 1982. She is stylistically very versatile and performs in many different musical situations from be-bop to Brazilian and R&B. Currently, she has own Brazilian -jazz group which features her compositions and arrangements.
Laura has a new CD out entitled "Mysterious Encounter" which is currently available at CDbaby.com as well as through www.lauradreyer.com.
Laura has performed with her band at the Syracuse Jazz Festival, the Mary Lou Williams Women in Jazz Festival at the Kennedy Center for the performing arts, as well as many of New York City's top Jazz clubs.
She was a member and contributing arranger of Diva for six years where she was featured on tenor and lead also sax. Laura has studied saxophone with Joe Henderson and Joe Lovano, composition with Lyle Mays and Jim McNeely and has been the recipient of three NEA grants. She is also a featured columnist in the magazine "Saxophone Journal".
Book Review by Laura Dreyer
Bob Bernotas's new book "Reed All About It", a remarkable collection of his interviews and master classes with notable saxophonists, is an amazing journey into the inner lives of the musicians that create the music we love. Bernotas, who has spent many years writing for many top Jazz publications among other things, has compiled a vast body of work that spans the history of jazz in the 20th century as told from the perspective of the many saxophonists and woodwind players that he has interviewed over the of the years.
As a professional musician myself, I have read many biographies of famous saxophonists as well as articles that appear in Jazz publications. This type of information tends to be colored by the perspective of the writer and often doesn't reflect the true experience of the musician being profiled. This collection of interviews is un-tampered with and the information comes straight from the source: the musicians themselves. This is what makes "Reed All About It" unique. Bernotas, who is also a musician, has an incredible knack as an interviewer of being able to converse with musicians on their level. As you read the book, you feel as though you too are in a room with Bob, Benny Golson, Bobby Watson, or whomever, just having a good hang after a gig. Bob knows the right questions to ask, knows how to stay out of the way of the interviewee, and does not have any hidden agendas.
I particularly enjoyed the interviews with the older saxophonists. It was fascinating to hear Frank Foster recount his early years in the army when he visited San Francisco (my home town) and frequented the many jam sessions where he had the opportunity to hear and play with a young Dexter Gordon. Later, as he candidly reveals his musical triumphs and insecurities while in the Count Basie band, I couldn't help but empathize with him. It made me see Frank Foster as a real person, and not some mythological jazz legend. Benny Golson, who is a particularly good storyteller, describes in his interview the day he met John Coltrane as a teenager in Philadelphia. Golson humorously recounts the day that he and Coltrane went to hear Charlie Parker for the first time and were so floored by his performance that they waited to meet him after the gig. They then proceeded to follow him down the street asking to carry his horn while asking him a barrage of questions. It is anecdotes like these that I found most charming and inspiring.
While reading this book, I also learned about the many ups and downs in the lives of these incredible musicians. Saxophonist Paquito D'Rivera describes the pain of defecting from Cuba and having to leave his five year old son behind. Pharoah Saunders shockingly recounts his early years in New York City where he had to sleep in doorways and took a job washing dishes in a jazz club so that he could sleep on the floor. The sacrifices that these musicians made for the sake of their art are awe-inspiring. These interviews made me see the courage of the human spirit to endure and persevere in the face of conflict, and in turn gave me renewed hope that jazz will survive and continue to flourish despite the economy, the fledgling record industry, and the vacuousness of the American media.
Bob's interviewees seem to span a broad variety of age, stylistic preference, race and gender, which I found refreshing. Besides the elder statesmen like George Coleman and David "Fathead" Newman, you will find avant-garde saxophonists J.D. Parran and Douglas Ewart profiled, along with female saxophonists Sue Terry, Lily White, Virginia Mayhew and Jane Bunett. Younger straight-ahead saxophonists Bobby Watson and Don Braden round out the spectrum along with flautist Jamie Baum, and if that isn't enough, there is a selection of artist master classes at the end of the book that are geared more toward the readers who are serious saxophonists and woodwind players.
"Reed All About It" is engaging both on the historical and musical levels, as well as being highly entertaining reading. I highly recommend this book to all saxophonists, music students, jazz lovers, and music educators as well. Bob Bernotas has made a valuable contribution to the preservation and documentation of jazz history that comes straight from the source!
Update: July 26, 2008
©2003-8 Harri Rautiainen
and respective authors
www.saxontheweb.net
"Reed All About It"
is published by Boptism Music Publishing www.boptism.com
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Joonas Suotamo - Star Wars Star
Home Wikis Joonas Suotamo - Star Wars Star.
BY NIHAL BHANDARY Updated on 12 March, 2021
Joonas Suotamo is a talented actor born in Finland. Image Source: Getty Images.
Early Life and Career
Net Worth and Sources of Income
Joonas Suotamo's Parents
Joonas Suotamo's Wife and Children
Birth Name Joonas Viljami Suotamo
Birth place Espoo, Finland
Zodiac Sign Libra
Nationality Finnish
Parents Viljami Suatamo and Sonja Suotamo
Husband/Wife Milla Pohjasvaara
College/University Penn State University
Children Aatos Suotamo
Personal Website joonassuotamo.com
Height 6 feet 11 inches
Moving to a different country and establishing a career there can be quite daunting. But the Finnish actor, Joonas Suotamo has become a recognized figure in Hollywood.
Landing a role in the Star Wars saga, Joonas Suotamo has become quite accomplished as he pursued his dreams and passion for being an actor. Let's know more about Joonas.
As mentioned above, Joonas Suotamo was born in Espoo, Finland. He first became interested in acting when he took part in local plays while he was young. He moved to Pennsylvania, United States when he got a basketball scholarship at Pennsylvania State University. During his time at the University, Joonas majored in film and video. While playing basketball, he played as a power forward and center for the Penn State Nittany Lions.
Alongside acting, Joonas Suotamo also sings as well as plays the piano. For his first acting role, he was cast as the much-loved character Chewbacca's double in "Star Wars: Episode VII - The Force Awakens", in 2015. Before getting this role and after his career in basketball, Joonas worked as an insurance seller.
The 6' 11" Joonas Suotamo's net worth has been accumulated through his career as an actor. As mentioned above, he plays the role of Chewbacca in the much-known movie saga, Star Wars. This role was previously taken on by the late Peter Mayhew. Joonas has worked alongside actors and actresses such as Carrie Fisher, Mark Hamil, Adam Driver, Emilia Clarke, and many more.
The worldwide box office collection for the Star Wars saga in which Joonas Suotamo has worked in is presented below:
Movie Box Office Collection
Star Wars: Episode IX-The Rise of Skywalker $1 billion
Solo: A Star Wars Story $392.9 million
Star Wars: Episode VIII - The Last Jedi $1.33 billion
Star Wars: Episode VII-The Force Awakens $2 billion
Joonas Suotamo must have also earned a considerable amount of money from his works in these movies.
According to Cheatsheet, the salary for the actors working in the new Star Wars saga has earned quite a huge sum of money, especially when adding the bonuses after the films' success in the box office. Joonas Suotamo's salary from his works also must be pretty high.
Joonas Suotamo also has a Youtube channel named Yono World where he has 3.41K subscribers. People can also buy signed photos of Chewbacca from his official website. The photos alongside their prices are:
Photos Price
Beckett, Qi'ra, and Chewbacca $65.43
Chewbacca on Savareen $65.43
Chewbacca's Porg Roast $65.43
Chewbacca Greets Luke $65.43
Looking at his Instagram account (@joonassuotamo), we can say that Joonas Suotamo is enjoying a comfortable lifestyle.
Born on October 1986 in Finland, Joonas, on several occasions has posted pictures with his parents. While Joonas Suatamo's mother, Sonja Suotamo is an artist and posts her paintings and drawings on her Instagram account (@sonjasuo), Suatamo's father, Viljami Suatamo is a businessman.
Joonas Suatamo seems to love a little family time with his parents. The down-to-earth actor isn't just adorable on-screen but also is a grateful son and we bet his parents must be quite proud of him.
The multitalented Joonas Suotamo's wife is Milla Pohjasvaara. The lovely pair got engaged in August 2017 after Joonas proposed in Notting Hill and got married on July 14, 2018. The couple is enjoying a blissful marital life so far. And while we are talking about their marriage, we should add that the tall hunky actor's wife, Milla Pohjasvaara's height is only suitably appropriate and they look like a perfect couple. Both of them often post pictures of each other on their Instagram accounts followed by loving captions. They also attend various events and movie premiers together.
Joonas Suotamo's son Aatos Suotamo was born on the 30th of January, 2018. Pictures of Aatos are scattered all over Joonas and Milla's Instagrams and the lovely pair call their little one 'babybacca.' The family of three travel to various places whenever they have the time. Very supportive and loving parents, the lovely pair are expecting a daughter in March 2020. We hope the couple has a safe delivery.
Having a passion for acting, Joonas Suotamo will surely be acting in various movies and series in the upcoming days. His fans are eagerly anticipating more of his works.
Keep Up With eCelebritySpy, For More Updates On News, Net Worth, Wikis, and Articles.
Published on 12 February, 2020
Joonas Suotamo Carrie Fisher Mark Hamil Adam Driver Emilia Clarke Milla Pohjasvaara Aatos Suotamo Richest Celebrity Celebrity Couple Celebrity Kids Sonja Suotamo Star Wars Viljami Suatamo


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Donate to ABRCMS
Please Note: Donations are processed through ABRCMS' host organization, the American Society for Microbiology.
Since its inception in 2001, the Annual Biomedical Research Conference for Minoritized Scientists (ABRCMS) has impacted the career development of more than 62,000 trainees and faculty from all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Guam, and more recently, internationally. Since 2005, attendance at the conference has more than doubled to approximately 5,200 participants per year; of this number, 62% of attendees have been women and 73% have represented historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups in science.
The ABRCMS donation program supports new initiatives that are not currently covered by National Institutes of Health (NIH) grant funding. Your support provides opportunities for early-career scientist advancement through innovative initiatives, including but not limited to:
Leadership Development Academy
DEI Fellowships and Experiential Learning
Professional Development Grants for Postdoctoral Scientists and Junior Faculty
ABRCMS aims to:
Expose participants to cutting edge science and support success as STEM professionals.
Foster a sense of community across the full spectrum of scientific careers, including in academia, government, and industry.
Connect trainees with leaders who serve as positive models in the biomedical and behavioral research ecosystem.
Make a difference by supporting ABRCMS, the premier undergraduate STEM conference and the future of research in biomedical and behavioral sciences!
Reminder: Donations are processed through ABRCMS' host organization, the American Society for Microbiology.
To learn more about ABRCMS, visit www.abrcms.org.


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Christine (Chris) Reniers (Tienen, 20 februari 1960) is een Belgische vakbondsbestuurder en huidig voorzitster van de ABVV-vakcentrale ACOD.

Levensloop
Reniers studeerde rechten aan de Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In 1984 startte ze haar carrière bij de vakbond ACOD als juridisch adviseur. Nadien werd ze er hoofd van de juridische dienst.

In 2000 werd ze verkozen tot algemeen secretaris van de ACOD, daarnaast zetelt ze nog in het beheerscomité van de HZIV, is ze lid van de Vlaamse Havencommissie en heeft een mandaat in het bureau van het Vlaams en van het federaal ABVV. Sinds 2010 zetelt zo ook in de raad van bestuur van de VRT.

Op 1 oktober 2014 volgde ze Karel Stessens op als voorzitter van de Vlaamse Interregionale ACOD en werd ze ondervoorzitter van de federale ACOD. Als algemeen secretaris van deze vakcentrale werd ze opgevolgd door Guido Rasschaert.

Ze is actief binnen sp.a, meer bepaald in haar woonplaats Geetbets. Zo stond ze er op de sp.a-lijst bij de gemeenteraadsverkiezingen van 2012.

Sp.a-politicus
Algemene Centrale der Openbare Diensten-bestuurder


I work as a bartender in a beautiful little island in Panama. After a week searching for the perfect French course, I found it. And I also found an awesome team on the other side of the screen. The costumer service is impeccable. I love languages and in my profession, learning a new language is a hole new world of opportunities.