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Effective risk management can bring far-reaching benefits to all organizations, whether large or
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M_o_R Framework
Management of Risk (M_o_R) is a route map for risk management. It can help organizations identify, assess and control risks and put in place effective frameworks for making informed decisions.
M_o_R is a route map for risk management, bringing together principles, an approach, a set of interrelated processes, and pointers to more detailed sources of advice on risk management techniques and specialisms. It also provides advice on how these principles, approach and processes should be embedded, reviewed and applied differently depending on the nature of the objectives at risk.
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M_o_R Principles - these are essential for the development of good risk management practice. They are all derived from corporate governance principles in the recognition that risk management is a subset of an organization's internal controls.
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Long-term - the risks associated with strategic decisions may not become apparent until well into the future. That's why it's essential to review these decisions and associated risks on a regular basis.
Medium-term - these goals are usually addressed through programmes and projects to bring about business change. Decisions relating to medium-term goals are narrower in scope than strategic ones, particularly in terms of timeframe and financial responsibilities.
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Vote for Super Fan
In association with Capital One...
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If you want to vote for Paul and see him lift the trophy this year then nominate them now by visiting http://po.st/SOTY

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Out-of-pocket expenditure on prenatal and natal care post Janani Suraksha Yojana: a case from Rajasthan, India
Dipti Govil1Email author,
Neetu Purohit2,
Shiv Dutt Gupta2 and
Sanjay Kumar Mohanty3
© Govil et al. 2016
Accepted: 3 May 2016
Though Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) is successful in increasing antenatal and natal care services, little is known on the cost coverage of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on maternal care services post-NRHM period.
Using data from a community-based study of 424 recently delivered women in Rajasthan, this paper examined the variation in OOPE in accessing maternal health services and the extent to which JSY incentives covered the burden of cost incurred. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses are used to understand the differential and determinants of OOPE.
The mean OOPE for antenatal care was US$26 at public health centres and US$64 at private health centres. The OOPE (antenatal and natal) per delivery was US$32 if delivery was conducted at home, US$78 at public facility and US$154 at private facility. The OOPE varied by the type of delivery, delivery with complications and place of ANC. The OOPE in public health centre was US$44 and US$145 for normal and complicated delivery, respectively. The share of JSY was 44 % of the total cost per delivery, 77 % in case of normal delivery and 23 % for complicated delivery. Results from the log linear model suggest that economic status, educational level and pregnancy complications are significant predictors of OOPE.
Our results suggest that JSY has increased the coverage of institutional delivery and reduced financial stress to household and families but not sufficient for complicated delivery. Provisioning of providing sonography/other test and treating complicated cases in public health centres need to be strengthened.
OOPE
Antenatal care
Delivery care
Cash assistance scheme
Since the millennium declaration, the global, national and regional efforts to improve health-related millennium goals (reduction of maternal mortality and child mortality) in developing countries were intensified. Improving the maternal health services become the leading strategy to reduce maternal and child mortality. Several innovative programmes from many developing countries including the conditional cash transfer schemes in India (Janani Surakhya Yojana), Nepal (safe delivery incentive program) and Bangladesh (maternal health voucher schemes in Bangladesh) were introduced to increase the demand for maternal health services specifically among poor and marginalised. A large and growing literature from these countries suggests the functioning, utility and limitations of these programmes [1–18]. Though these programmes were context specific and differ by design and implementation strategy, they had the common goal to reduce the out-of-pocket expenditure on maternal care and increase the access to maternal services among the poor and marginalised. A number of evaluation studies reported the spectacular success of the various schemes in increasing access to maternal services [9, 11, 16, 17, 19]. Despite these programmes in place, the progress in health-related Millennium Development Goals is slow and largely uneven across regions, income groups and by social attributes [20–23].
India accounts one fourth of child mortality and one fifth of maternal mortality worldwide [24, 25]. The inequalities in health outcome and health care utilisation are large across geography, economic status and education [26–29] and largely resulting from financial, cultural and social constraints. In India, in the year 2004–2005, about one fourth of the mothers who did not deliver at health centre reported cost as barrier for not availing the services [30]. Especially poor households consider spending a huge amount on child-bearing deterrent, leading to low health care utilisation among them. This is also corroborated by the fact that the out-of-pocket expenditure on health care accounts about two thirds of the total health expenditure [31] and health expenditure is often catastrophic [32, 33]. Though the maternal health services were free in public health centres, there were charges on medicine, bed, user fees and bribe [34–37].
Recognising that an increase in the level of utilisation of health care for child birth may lead to a reduction in the maternal mortality and neonatal mortality, the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, launched conditional cash transfer scheme, i.e., Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) (Janani denotes to mother, Surakasha for protection/safety and Yojana means scheme), to address the delays of decision-making, transportation and access to services. The JSY is a flagship intervention programme under National Rural Health Mission (NRHM), launched in April 2005. The JSY scheme covered transport cost, delivery cost and incentive to Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) for motivating women to opt for institutional delivery. It also facilitated public-private partnerships by providing accreditation to private hospitals/nursing homes for delivery services. The cash incentive of INR 1400 (US$30) to recent mothers was given at the time of discharge from the hospital after verifying all the records.
Since the implementation of NRHM, the institutional deliveries in India had increased from 41 % in 2005–2006 to 81 % in 2013–2014 [30, 38] and the infant mortality declined from 58 infant deaths in 2005 [39] to 35 infant deaths per 1000 live births in 2013–2014 [38]. The maternal mortality ratio (MMR) had declined from 254 in 2004–2006 to 167 per 100,000 live births in 2011–2013 [40, 41]. A number of state specific studies were also undertaken to inform the functioning and progress of NRHM in general and JSY in particular [15, 42–45]. The gap (for institutional deliveries) between low and high performing states started reducing despite the fact that there was no differential change in the availability and access of any health facility [43]. This indicated that people were able to avail skilled care at the time of delivery irrespective of the economic status.
Studies on OOPE consistently report higher expenditure for deliveries conducted in private health care centres and for complicated deliveries and caesarean deliveries [32, 46–54]. The OOPE for antenatal care in child-bearing process was also found much higher than delivery care alone [55]. The expenses incurred during child bearing also varied with the place of antenatal care (ANC), indicating that the contact with private facility at any stage of pregnancy will increase cost per delivery [52]. A normal delivery in a health care facility in Nepal was US$64 compared to US$129 per caesarean delivery while excluding opportunity cost [54]. Similarly, in the case of India before NRHM, the cost per delivery in a public and private health institution was US$25 and USD$104, respectively, whereas average cost at antenatal care was US$10 [32]. For Bangladesh, these costs were US$85 and US$181 [56]. The cost per complicated delivery was significantly higher in Tanzania, Africa, Kenya, Burkina Faso and Lao PDR [46, 50–52].
Though a number of studies have examined on the coverage of maternal care services, differentials in OOPE by type of health facility, there are not many studies on cost of antenatal care and the coverage of JSY incentives. The aim of this study is to examine the variation in out-of-pocket expenditure in accessing maternal health services (antenatal and delivery care) and the extent to which the JSY incentives covered the burden of cost incurred.
The paper has been conceptualised with the rationale. First, the cost was one of the major barriers in availing the antenatal and natal care among poor and marginalised. This has particular bearing in the state of Rajasthan that has higher infant and maternal mortality than national average and large variation in maternal care utilisation among different population sub-groups within the state. Second, because of poor quality of the services at public health care institutions, utilisation of maternal health services from private sector increased over a period of time, which had a significant burden on the economic condition of households across various socio-economic groups. Also, women switch the service provider from public to private and vice versa during pregnancy and child birth. No attempt has been made to capture this pattern of service utilisation. Third, it is important to document to what extent the large investment on maternal care under the NRHM helped in the reduction of cost for end users. This is generally of great interest to policy makers and planners for evidence-based policy-making.
This paper is based on a cross-sectional study conducted in Rajasthan during April to May 2011. The state of Rajasthan with a population of 69 million in 2011 [57] had the second highest maternal mortality ratio in the country (255 per 100,000 live births) [41] and at low level of socio-economic development. The study was conducted in the four districts of Rajasthan, namely, Udaipur and Banswara (tribal districts—with 49.7 and 76.4 % tribal population, respectively), and Sikar and Sawai Madhopur (nontribal districts). A multi-stage sampling was used to select the sample. From each selected district, two blocks were identified based on the highest and lowest proportion of institutional deliveries. Data on number of deliveries was obtained from Pregnancy and Child Tracking System of Government of Rajasthan (Management Information System—MIS). In this system, information from each village of Rajasthan is being recorded with the help of ground level health care workers. Government claims to maintain the data on all the pregnancies occurred in Rajasthan. From each of the blocks, two primary health centres (PHCs) were selected based on their performance on institutional deliveries (highest and lowest). From each PHC (in total 16), two villages were selected randomly. All the women who gave births (JSY beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries) 1 year prior to survey (during April 2010–March 2011) were interviewed from 32 villages of four districts. A list of women who gave birth during the period was obtained from ASHA (Accredited Social Health Activist) and ANM (Auxiliary Nurse Midwife) of the village. A total of 424 women were successfully interviewed under the study. A structure interview schedule was prepared for data collection and pre-tested in a village before final survey. Data was collected on multiple issues related to accessibility, availability and utilisation of services including cost incurred during pregnancy, delivery and post-delivery and money received under JSY.
The direct cost incurred during childbearing (pregnancy and delivery) was termed as out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE). The OOPE includes (a) expenditure during antenatal care such as registration fees, doctor' fee, medicine, tests, sonography and transportation and (b) expenditure incurred during delivery—registration, transportation, doctor, medicine, tests, bed and food. The amount spend on bribe and gift was not included in the study. The cost incurred during postnatal care primarily included the cost on child health, therefore not included in the expenditure on maternal care. The OOPE in the paper is synonymous to the total expenditure incurred during a pregnancy/delivery irrespective of JSY amount. There were a few cases where the expenditure was very large. To reduce the variation, we have levelled the value at 95 % level; e.g., those 5 % women with higher than OOPE (antenatal care) of US$179 were kept at US$179, and similar approach was followed for computing expenditure during natal care. The total OOPE was adjusted to average US$ in the year 2010–2011 (US$1 = 46.2 INR) [58]. The term normal delivery is defined as the delivery without any complication.
Descriptive statistics (mean, confidence interval, per cent distribution) was carried out to understand the differentials in OOPE on antenatal and natal care. A log linear regression model was used to understand the significant predictors of OOPE. Log of OOPE (continues variable) is the dependent variable. The independent variables are both continuous and categorical. The continuous variables are education, age, duration of stay in hospital and birth order. The categorical variables are BPL status of the family, complications during pregnancy and delivery, received JSY incentives and place of ANC.
Ethical clearance for conducting the study was taken from the ethical board of Indian Institute of Health Management Research (IIHMR), Jaipur. Verbal informed consent was taken from women participating in study with the assurance that confidentiality will be maintained and information obtained for this study will not be used for any other purposes except for research.
Table 1 presents the descriptive statistics of the study population. The mean age of the women was 25.7 years, and about half of them were illiterate. Half of the women belonged to schedule caste/tribe, and more than half were working for wages or kind. About one third of the women were living below poverty line (BPL). Most of the women had received at least three or more antenatal check-ups with a mean of 3.5. The distribution of women by source of antenatal care showed that 43 % women availed the antenatal check-up exclusively from public facilities, 21 % from private facilities and 36 % from both public and private facilities. However, the coverage of full antenatal care (3 check-up + 2 tetanus toxoid (TT) injections + received 90 iron folic acid (IFA) tablets) was only 24 %. On the other hand, the proportion of institutional deliveries was 83: 62 % delivered in public health facilities, 17 % at private health facilities and 3.5 % at accredited private health facilities. Of total, 66 % of the women received incentives under JSY. Almost all women who delivered at public health facilities received JSY incentives (96 % had already received and 4 % were about to receive at the time of survey). More than half of the respondents (57 %) had received any postnatal care (PNC).
Sample profile of the women covered under the study in Rajasthan, 2011 (N = 424)
Background characteristics
Literacy rate
Schedule caste
Schedule tribe
Other backward saste
Households possessing BPL card
Mothers received 3 or more ANC
Full antenatal care (3 ANC + 2 TT + received 90 IFA)
Place of antenatal care
No ANC
Public facility
Private facility
At both public and private facility
Place of delivery
Accredited private facility
Mothers received incentives under JSY
Mothers received postnatal care
Figure 1 presents the out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE) on antenatal care by place of antenatal care. It may be mentioned that the OOPE on antenatal services includes costs incurred on registration, fee to the doctor, medicines, blood and urine tests, sonography and transportation. The mean OOPE on antenatal care was US$41 (95 % CI 37–45), US$26 in public health facilities and US$64 for those availed services at private health facilities. Women, who availed antenatal care services exclusively from private facility, spend nearly two and a half times higher than women who availed services exclusively from public health facility. Women who availed at both public and private health facilities spent UD$49.
OOPE (in US$) on antenatal care by place of antenatal care, Rajasthan, 2011
Though all women reported the total cost on antenatal care, only 23 % could provide the expenditure incurred on various services during antenatal care. The share of medicine in OOPE was 59 % followed by sonography (18 %), blood tests (8 %), transporation (8 %) and doctor consultation (7 %). It varied almost in the similar proportion among women who received antenatal care exclusively from public facility, private facility or from both public and private facilities. If women received ANC from public sector, they spent 53 % on medicine, 19 % on sonography, 9 % on tests, 12 % on transportation and 7 % on doctor's fee of total OOPE. And, this proportion was 60, 17, 7, 9 and 7 %, respectively, if they went to private sector for antenatal care.
OOPE on delivery care
The OOPE on delivery care and antenatal and delivery care (together) by place delivery is presented in Table 2. The OOPE on delivery was US$44, US$51 for institutional deliveries and US$10 for home deliveries. The OOPE at public health centre was estimated at US$39 compared to US$88 in private health facilities and US$72 for accredited private health facilities. By considering the expenditure on antenatal and delivery care, the total OOPE expenditure was estimated at US$85. The OOPE expenditure on antenatal and delivery care in public health centre was significantly lower (US$78 per delivery) compared to US$154 in private health centre and US$133 at accredited private health centre.
OOPE* (in US$) on delivery care and antenatal and delivery care by place of delivery in Rajasthan, 2011
Expenditure (in US$) during
Antenatal and delivery care
95 % CI
Institutiona
*JSY incentive has not been deducted from OOPE
aInstitutional includes private, public and accredited private health facilities
A pregnant woman may avail antenatal care services from private health care facility and deliver at a public health facility or vice versa. This behaviour would affect the OOPE occurred during the child-bearing process. Percent distribution of women by place of antenatal care and delivery is shown in Table 3. Among women who delivered at public health centre, half of them obtained antenatal care services from public facility and nearly one third of them availed antenatal care services both from public and private facility. It is interesting to note that among women who delivered at private facility, 48 % of them received antenatal care services from both public and private health facility. Further analysis of OOPE revealed that the expenses incurred varied significantly with the place of antenatal care and delivery. When all antenatal check-ups were availed from public health facility, and the delivery too was conducted at public health facility, the average OOPE was US$59. However, when the place of delivery was private facility, the average expenditure increased to US$97 and exceeds spending of US$38 over the amount spent on delivery at public health facility (Table 3).
Place of delivery by place of ANC (%) and OOPE* by place of delivery and antenatal care (in US$) in Rajasthan, 2011
OOPE (in US$)
59 (CI 50–69)
97 (CI 39–154)
107 (CI 75–140)
183 (CI 149–217)
Both public and private facility
When a woman availed antenatal services at private health facility but chose to deliver at public facility, the OOPE was US$107. As expected, the respondents who received ANC services at private and delivered at private health facility spend US$183. OOPE among women who availed ANC services both from public and private health facility or delivered at private revealed that the contact with private health facility at any stage of child-bearing process increased the OOPE.
Complications and OOPE
Table 4 describes the OOPE on antenatal and delivery care by complications. In general, the OOPE increases with complications both during pregnancy and delivery. For example, a normal delivery without any complication at home costs an average of US$14, US$44 at public facility and US$92 at private facility. Complications during pregnancy alone had contributed to increase in expenditure. Respondents who suffered from complications during pregnancy and delivered at public health facility had spent US$72. Women who suffered from complications both during pregnancy and delivery spent an average of US$145 in public facility delivery and US$197 for private health facility delivery.
OOPE* (in US$) on antenatal and delivery care by pregnancy and delivery complications# and place of delivery in Rajasthan, 2011
Normal deliveries
Complications during pregnancy but not during delivery
80−100
63−81
118−164
Complications during pregnancy and delivery
Complications during pregnancy or delivery
#the number of cases was less (four each in public and private facility delivery) in the case of no complication during pregnancy but complications during delivery, therefore, dropped from analysis
Share of JSY incentives on cost of antenatal and delivery care
Figure 2 provides OOPE and JSY incentives provided by government per delivery. As stated elsewhere, the OOPE in public facility was US$78. Further, it was US$44 and 145 for normal and complicated delivery, respectively. Since the government was reimbursing US$34 directly to the beneficiary as JSY incentive, it was deducted from OOPE to get the actual expenditure made by the beneficiary per delivery. After deducting JSY incentives, OOPE per delivery was estimated at US$44. The government share accounts 44 % of OOPE per delivery, 77 % for normal delivery, 38 % for delivery that had complications during pregnancy or delivery and 23 % for those deliveries who had complications both during delivery and pregnancy.
Cost (in US$) per delivery (OOPE and after deducting JSY incentives) in public facilities in Rajasthan, 2011
Socio-economic differentials in OOPE
Table 5 provides the socio-economic differentials in institutional delivery and OOPE. Comparatively larger proportion of younger women opted for institutional deliveries than older women. After deducting JSY incentives the mean OOPE of younger women (below 25 years) was US$57 compared to US$48 among women aged 25 years and above (US$57 vs. US$48). Similarly, women with general caste spend almost double than other caste women even after deducting JSY incentives. Nearly two-third women from BPL and 59 % from APL delivered at public health centre. Among these, a BPL family spends US$56 on antenatal and delivery care compared to US$91 among APL families. JSY incentives were received by both the sections. JSY incentives reduced the total cost by 47 % among BPL families and 32 % among APL families. Almost the same proportion of literate and illiterate women delivered in public facilities; their expenditure on antenatal and delivery care varied significantly (for illiterate US$68; for literate US$91). Results were similar by husband's literacy status; in the case of literate husband, the spending on antenatal and natal care was almost double than when husband was illiterate. JSY incentives shared the expenditure to a greater extend in the family where husband was illiterate, even more than where a woman was illiterate. As the birth order increased, the proportion who delivered at institution and the expenditure on antenatal and delivery care reduced. Women, who delivered for the first time, spend US$90 as compared to women who delivered their second, third and more order births (US$82 and 62, respectively). Therefore, the reduction in the OOPE due to JSY was greater in the higher-order birth than in the lower-order birth. Nearly 60 % of the women who delivered their children in the hospital stayed for more than 48 h. Women who stayed for more than 48 h, 82 % of them delivered in public facilities. Increase stay in hospital also increased the expenditure on child birth. Those who stayed in public hospital for 48 h paid US$29 additional as compared to woman who stayed less than 48 h (US$59 vs. 88). This gap widened (US$82), when the delivery was conducted at private facility. The reduction in OOPE due to JSY was less among women staying for longer duration.
Place of delivery and expenditure by background characteristics. Percentage distribution of women by place of delivery, mean OOPE (in US$) and JSY incentive as percentage of total cost per delivery by background characteristics in Rajasthan, 2011
Percentage of women delivered at public facilities
Percentage of women delivered at private facilities
Expenditure during antenatal and natal care by place of delivery
OOPE in private facility
OOPE in home delivery
Actual OOPE less of JSY incentives
Incentives as % of total cost
BPL cardholder
Type of family
Joint/extended family
Work status
Husband's literacy
Three and above
Place of ANCa
Private facilities
Both public and private facilities
Duration of stay in hospital after deliveryb
Less than 48 h
More than 48 h
aIncludes home deliveries
bOnly institutional deliveries
Determinant of OOPE
To understand the determinants of OOPE, a log linear regression model is used for all nonzero cases. Further log linear regression model is suitable for OOPE as the OOPE is skewed in nature. All variables except age and place of ANC (private) are significant in the model (Table 6). Educational attainment, duration of stay and complications are positively associated with OOPE. For example, with increase in educational attainment by 1 year, the OOPE is likely to increase by 2 %. The APL households are likely to incur 35 % more OOPE than BPL households. Those women experienced pregnancy complications are likely to spend 61 % more than normal deliveries. These results are in agreement with bivariate analyses and in expected direction. Those who received JSY were likely to spend 46 % less than those not under JSY categories. Similarly, those who had ANC at public hospital were less likely to spend more compared to others. The R 2 value was .408 indicating that 41 % variation in the model is being explained. The F statistics (25.7) was significant, indicating the overall significance of the model.
Determinant of out-of-pocket expenditure (OOPE): dependent variable—log of out-of-pocket expenditure
Independent variables
Unstandardized beta coefficients
95.0 % CI
Age (in completed years)
−.010
Education (in completed years)
Duration of stay in the hospital (in hr.)
Economic status of family (BPL®)
Complications during pregnancy/delivery (No®)
Received JSY incentives (No®)
Place of ANC—public (No®)
Place of ANC—private (No®)
(Constant)
In India, enormous efforts were made by the government, nongovernmental organisations and bilateral and multi-lateral donors to increase the level of skilled birth attendance while launching or supporting dedicated policies and programmes since 1990s. In this series, National Rural Health Mission emerged as a milestone. About two third of national health budget is being spent on NRHM, and the NRHM is said to bring considerable changes in whole health care delivery system in India especially in reducing infant and maternal mortality. However, the national average conceals large disparities across the states and socio-economic group in the country. Numerous studies have shown the socio-economic inequality in the utilisation of health care services, and the increased services do not necessarily benefit the poor and marginalised. Prior to the launch of NRHM, empirical evidences and research studies suggest that the cost of the health care services was one of the major barriers for poor households to avail the services [30, 32, 59–62] especially for child bearing. After one decade of the implementation of NRHM, especially Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY), the largest conditional cash transfer programme in the world [9], a phenomenal increase was observed in institutional deliveries across Indian states [38]. This study attempts to understand the OOPE by pattern of antenatal care and delivery care in post-NRHM period in the state of Rajasthan.
The following are the salient findings of this study. First, we found about three-fourth mothers received three and more antenatal care and nine out of ten women delivered in a health centre. This is significantly higher compared to 41 % coverage of three or more antenatal care and 32 % institutional delivery in Rajasthan in 2005–2006 [30]. It may be mentioned that majority of women in our sample were from scheduled caste and scheduled tribe. Hence, this is indicative that the NRHM may have resulted in positive effect on antenatal care and institutional delivery in the state of Rajasthan particularly among the poor and marginalised. The finding is in line with studies on the impact of JSY [44, 63, 64]. Second, we found varying OOPE on antenatal care by the type of provider. The mean OOPE of antenatal care among those availed from public health centre was US$26, US$64 from private health centres and US$49 for those who availed from both private and public health centres. This was higher than the cost of antenatal care in the state during pre-NRHM period [32] possibly due to increasing contact and awareness on institutionalised maternal care and the price effect. Third, half of the OOPE on antenatal care and delivery care was on medicines followed by sonography/test and transportation irrespective of type of service provider. Fourth, the JSY covered 77 % of the cost for normal delivery and 23 % of the cost of complicated delivery with an average of 44 %. This result of our study was higher than the study conducted by Gopalan et.al., where they mentioned that JSY covered 26 % of the maternal healthcare cost in rural areas [65]. The women, who suffered from complications during pregnancy and delivery, spent about three and a half times higher than those who had a normal delivery. The cost per complicated delivery was also significantly higher in African countries [46, 50].
The overall findings of the study suggest that JSY has been successful in reducing the OOPE of the beneficiaries opting for delivery at public health facility. Since the incentive was the highlight of the scheme, the increase in institutional deliveries could be attributed to the satisfaction with the incentives attached to the scheme [66]. Evidences support that incentives provided under JSY were able to meet the cost incurred by the family for the delivery to some extent. Therefore, the incentives worked in favour of institutional delivery addressing the financial barriers and enhancing utilisation of maternal care services in Rajasthan. Also, the NRHM strengthened the public health care system while addressing the other barriers for poor health care utilisation [67]. NRHM focused on the facilitating environment for safe motherhood, i.e., utmost care and attention provided to pregnant women and newborns by strong health care delivery system, i.e., availability of skilled health personnel, adequate health care facilities, equipment, medicines and emergency care along with the community mobilisation [67].
Based on the extent of antenatal and natal care coverage in our study, it is evident that most of the women were availing the services. Therefore, it can be said that the government's intention to encourage mothers to deliver at a health facility by providing incentives along with improvement in health care system is reducing disparity and bringing women to the health care centre. Hence, the cash incentive should continue and extend to sonography/test during pregnancy period and complicated deliveries. Since complicated deliveries are largely carried out at private health centres, provisioning of financial incentive to complicated deliveries irrespective of the type of provider should be considered. The incentives have been able to substantially reduce the financial burden faced by the women who delivers at an institution. Last, the population based survey should not only collect the cost of delivery care but also cost of antenatal care.
Limitation of the study
The study followed a cross-sectional design due to limited resource and time. The study could not segregate the post-delivery care cost from child care cost, therefore addressed the expenditure related to prenatal and natal care.
We express our heartfelt thanks to express our gratitude to UNFPA, Bangkok, for funding the study; the officials at the Department of Health and Family Welfare, Rajasthan, for their support and co-operation in granting the permission to conduct the study in the State and providing relevant information. We are extremely grateful to our research staff Dr. Vrinda Mehra, Mr. Lalit Mohan Nayak and Dr. Sonia Luna for their assistant in collecting the data for the study.
DG conceived and implemented (data collection) the study and drafted and finalised the manuscript. NP coordinated the research and helped in carrying out the data collection, analysis, and drafting of the manuscript. SDG participated in the design of the study, guided the whole process and edited the manuscript. SKM participated in the statistical analysis, sequence alignment and editing. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Department of Population Policies and Programs, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, Maharashtra, India
The IIHMR University, 1, Prabhu Dayal Marg, Near Sanganer Airport, Jaipur, 302029, Rajasthan, India
Department of Fertility Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Govandi Station Road, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, Maharashtra, India
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The Shamrock Foods Benefit Service Center portal is the best online resource for all employment benefits related information and tools. From the Shamrock Foods Benefit site, employees can enroll in benefits like medical and dental insurance, manage their Shamrock foods benefits information, and learn more about every benefit that comes with their employment. During the Shamrock Food employee insurance open enrollment period each year, employees will need to log on to myshamrockbenefits.com and make their insurance elections before the deadline to ensure that they and their family are covered with medical insurance for the upcoming year. The Shamrock Foods employee services web site is open to any employee who currently works for Shamrock, and contains the same information that an on-site HR officer would have access to. Employees have access to the Shamrock Food benefit site for two weeks after their employment is over, but any access after that point may be considered unlawful.
Shamrock Farms is a dairy company with their headquarters located in Phoenix, Arizona. Their current mascot is a cow named Roxie. Founded in 1922, Shamrock Farms is the largest family owned and operated dairy in the Southwest US, and produces and distributes a full line of dairy products. Shamrock Foods is most well known for their Mmmmilk brand.


text: sudo apt-get install --only-upgrade libkpimutils4=4:4.8.5-0ubuntu0.3 -y

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Canadian softball loses one of its best
http://www.canada.com/ottawacitizen/news/sports/story.html?id=094c069f-5f2d-4162-8353-57a27b238036
Martin Cleary, The Ottawa Citizen
Published: Wednesday, August 29, 2007
When you open the garage door of the Read family home on Oriole Avenue in Kanata, you enter a special world that only a softball enthusiast could truly appreciate.
Unlike most garages, this space was a dedicated indoor batting cage at first, where national team players and local teams sought out softball hitting maestro Gil Read to improve their skills. Players would hit a ball off a tee, Read would videotape it and then the analysis began on the basement TV.
Converting his garage into a year-round classroom was a reflection of Read's absolute love of the sport as a successful coach for 25 years at the local, provincial, national and international levels.
Gil Read was team leader for the Canadian women's softball team at the 2004 Athens Olympics.
Jean Levac, The Ottawa Citizen
In one of his finest moments, he paced the dugout as team leader for the Canadian women's softball team at the 2004 Athens Olympics.
Read, a student of the game who taught his players to expect the unexpected, died suddenly on Sunday from a stroke at the Ottawa Hospital Civic Campus. He was 53.
While Read was driving his ATV up a steep slope seven weeks ago, it suddenly went straight up and landed on him. An experienced driver, Read was wearing a helmet, but the machine left him with head injuries. After five weeks in the hospital, he went home and appeared to be recovering well. But last week he became lightheaded and returned to the hospital.
"He was a tremendous friend and a tremendous person," said former national team player Randy Peck of Wakefield, who spent hundreds of hours refining his hitting with Read.
"He did more for ball in this area quietly than anyone realizes. He had tremendous ball knowledge, but was even a better person and friend."
Read, who co-owned the paralegal service Read Abstracts Ltd. with his brother, Robert, retired from coaching softball this year to spend more time with his wife, Georgia. But he did join his brother, Peter, on the Good Ol' Boys conventional softball team this summer. The team was scheduled to play in the Metro Old Timers Softball League final tonight.
Besides the Olympics, Read also was Softball Canada's team leader for the 2003 Olympic qualifier (gold) and the 2001 Pan American junior and senior women's championships (silvers).
As a coach, he started with T-ball in the early 1980s in Kanata and worked his way up to taking the Ontario men's under-18 team to the gold medal at the 1997, 2001 and 2005 Canada Summer Games. For two years, he coached the University of Ottawa women's fastball team, which won a provincial silver medal in 2005. He guided his various Kanata age group teams to five provincial class A titles and made three national championships.
A dedicated volunteer with Softball Canada, he served on its coaching committee from 1995-2002 as a coaching instructor and master course conductor. He also was involved with the coaching committee and the initiation program.
Read was president of the Ontario Amateur Softball Association in 2001 and 2002. He was a member of the Softball Ontario board of directors from 2002-04, and again in 2006. This year, he remained a director and sat on the OASA advisory council and its athlete/coach ad hoc committee.
As a teenager, Read was a minor football coach for the Rochester Lions. He later coached in the Kanata Minor Hockey Association and served as an archery instructor. In 2005, the Ottawa Sports Awards dinner honoured him with the Mark Lowry Memorial Award for lifetime achievement in sports administration and volunteerism.
Read is survived by his wife, Georgia, and sons Chris and Ron.
Visitation will be held at the Kelly Funeral Home on 580 Eagleson Road in Kanata on Sunday from 7-9 p.m., and on Monday from 2-4 p.m. and 7-9 p.m. The funeral will be held on Tuesday at the Glen Cairn United Church on 140 Abbeyhill Drive at 11 a.m.


With over 15 years of experience in applying behavioural science to communications -- a long time in a new field – Richard will be able to support BaseballSoftballUK staff in developing the range and effectiveness of their internal and external communications.
Richard Chataway has worked in senior strategic roles for both local and central government in Australia and the UK, and at four of the 'big five' global communication networks. Clients he has advised include Lloyds Banking Group, Google, IKEA, Pfizer, Sainsbury's, ING, ITV, BT, Kimberly Clark, American Express, InterContinental Hotels Group, Campari, FOX Networks, Starbucks and Unilever.
He has successfully addressed behavioural challenges as varied as getting people to stop smoking, join the armed forces, drink spirits rather than wine, turn up to school, pay for university tuition, submit their taxes, buy flatpack furniture and take public transport, to name but a few.
His strategy for the #XTL campaign (a social media campaign addressing domestic violence) won the Global Festival of Media Campaign of the Year in 2014, and he also led the development of the world's most successful stop smoking mobile app (My QuitBuddy).
While in Australia he created the country's first Behaviour Change Unit, and returned to the UK in 2015 to become the first dedicated Head of Ogilvy Change, the only embedded behavioural practice in a communications agency.
Richard is a frequent conference speaker (and was the host at the 2016 'Nudgestock' festival of behavioural science), and as founder of Communication Science Group now works as a behavioural consultant for a number of major brands and agencies.


text:
Abbot Dom Erik Varden OCSO Appointed as New Bishop-Prelate of Trondheim (Norway)
Gregory2019-10-02T15:40:11+02:002 October 2019|
Pope Francis has appointed a new Bishop-Prelate of Trondheim, Norway, the Most Reverend Dom Erik Varden OCSO, who until now has served as Abbot of Mount Saint Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire, England (UK).
The Bishop-Prelate Elect was born on 13 May 1974 in Sarpsborg, Norway, in the Diocese of Oslo. He undertook his studies in philosophy and theology at Cambridge, where he earned a Doctorate in Theology, and at the Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome, where he obtained a Licentiate in Eastern Ecclesiastical Sciences.
Dom Erik entered the Order of Cistercians of the Strict Observance in 2002, making his solemn profession at Mount Saint Bernard Abbey in Leicestershire on 6 October 2007. He was ordained a priest on 16 July 2011. Subsequently, Dom Erik taught at our international Benedictine pontifical university, the Pontificio Ateneo Sant'Anselmo in Rome, working concurrently for the Scandinavian section of Vatican Radio.
Afterwards, Dom Erik returned to Mount Saint Bernard Abbey, assuming responsibility as Superior ad nutum beginning in 2013. In 2015, he was elected as Abbot of Mount Saint Bernard.
All of us in the Benedictine Confederation, and in particular the Benedictine family of Sant'Anselmo, express our heartfelt congratulations to Bishop-Prelate Elect Dom Erik Varden OCSO, assuring him of our remembrance of him in prayer, for God's great blessings on his new ministry of service in the Church. He assumes the responsibilities of his new position on 1 November 2019.
Holy See Press Office Announcement of Dom Erik Varden OCSO as Bishop-Prelate (English)
Bishop of Oslo's Announcement of Dom Erik Varden OCSO as Bishop-Prelate (Norwegian)
Mount Saint Bernard Abbey Announcement of Dom Erik Varden OCSO as Bishop-Prelate (English)


Multiple smaller dragons flying up to re-ignite the sun. Dragons knit from orange-red yarn for wings, and green yarn for body. Background in the sock yarn from Paton.
Back view. The eclipsed sun is on the left shoulder.
In this shot, I have started to connect the dragon to the main body of the sweater using short rows, and have filled in around the left hand wing of the larger dragon.
In essence, the piece is worked in this fashion, doing the front and back separately and leaving openings for the sleeves and the neck. There are 5 dragons and the eclipsed sun in the final sweater.


text:
MEET OUR LISTEES
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Home » Listee Features » Entertainment » SHEILA RABB WEIDENFELD
SHEILA RABB WEIDENFELD
— Entertainment, Writing
With over 50 years of professional experience, Sheila Rabb Weidenfeld has created, produced and hosted a number of programs ranging from talk shows to game shows, as well as variety and home shopping shows. Among the many shows she has been involved with include "That Show with Joan Rivers," "On the Record," "Panorama" and "The New Yorkers."
First celebrated for her accomplishments with an Emmy Award from the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences in 1972, Ms. Weidenfeld later received awards for Outstanding Achievement in the Media from the American Association of University Women in 1973 and 1974. Subsequently, she was presented with a Silver Screen Award for her work on "A Campaign to Remember" for the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council in 1989, and a Bronze Medal from the New York International Independent Film and Video Festival in 1990.
Because of her success as a television producer, Ms. Weidenfeld was selected as the press secretary to First Lady Betty Ford following the resignation of President Nixon. She also held the distinction of serving as the special assistant to President Gerald Ford. In 1979, Ms. Weidenfeld's memoir, "First Lady's Lady" about her time in the White House during the Ford administration, was published by Putnam, a division of Penguin.
In addition to her responsibilities in the television industry, Ms. Weidenfeld was honorary consul general of the Republic of San Marino from 1981 to 2018. She was knighted by the Order of Saint Agatha in recognition of her continuing service to the country. Other commissions she has served on include the C&O National Historical Park Advisory Commission, the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum Council, the President's Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Secretary of State's Advisory Committee for the Foreign Service Institute, the Wolf Trap Foundation for the Performing Arts and the Women's Campaign Fund. She is also a founding judge of Project Censored, and was on the board of the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) and the Eisenhower Foundation.
Before embarking on her career, Ms. Weidenfeld earned a Bachelor of Arts from Brandeis University in Waltham, Massachusetts, in 1965. In the years since, she has been a member of a number of professional organizations including the National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences, the National Press Club, the Alliance for Women in Media, the Consular Corps, Sigma Delta Chi and the Cosmos Club.
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text:
Q: How do I keep a variable from a previous line of text in a while loop (perl) for another section of code? I am new to Perl and was not able to find an answer to this specific problem. I am parsing some text. I would like some of the entries from a line to be used as input for other lines. In the below I would like $sec to be used for messages that start with "M".
My code is as follows:
#identify the type of message here:
my $message = substr $_, 0, 1;

if ($message eq "T") {

    my $sec = substr $_, 1, 5;

    #no ms entry here
    my $ms = 66666;

    push @add_orders, $_;
    print add_order_file "$sec, $ms\n";
}

if ($message eq "M") {

    my $ms=substr $_, 1, 3;
    push @add_orders, $_;

    #I want $sec to be from the previous
    print add_order_file "$sec, $ms \n";
}

A: Declare the $sec variable before and outside the loop, that way the value can persist between iterations.
my $sec;

# The loop - I've guessed it's a while loop iterating over lines in a file.
while ( <> ) {

    my $message = substr $_,0,1;

    if ( $message eq "T" ) {
        # Assign to $sec here
    }
    if ( $message eq "M" ) {
        # Use $sec here
    }

} # End of the loop.

There's a lot of assumptions being made here: if there are multiple Ms after a T they all use the same $sec value, etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


It's time to stop passing the buck, playing victim and start taking ownership of your life.
This isn't a popular topic however those who are always feeling stuck and frustrated are often times the same ones who are always wanting to blame others, their situation or bad luck for where they are in life.
The truth is, you are exactly where you are at right now from the decisions you've made.
Can life deal a bad hand?
But it's up to YOU to decide what you're going to do, even when the odds are stacked against you.
Do your actions line up with your goals? Or do your actions line up with exactly where you currently are?
Maybe it's time to take some damn pride in yourself, accept ownership and make it happen!
I use to think that in order to burn off fat and build a hard, strong body, that you must always be pushing yourself at a hard intensity each time you exercised.
When someone would tell me that they walked for exercise I would typically smirk and shrug it off as, sure, if that works for you.
That was in my youth and I'm reluctant to say that I was completely missing out on some of the great benefits of taking a daily walk.
Fact is, those same people that I may of smirked at in my ignorance were right and now I'm here telling you that this one strategy could be the ultimate weapon along with a caloric deficit in your quest to lose fat.
Don't get me wrong, I still believe strength training needs to be and should be part of your overall regimen but I won't make the mistake of neglecting the importance walking has to your overall health and fitness.
Stan Efferding, is the one who is responsible for this mindset change in me. He is the world's Strongest Bodybuilder after all and has worked with clients such as World's Strongest Men Brian Shaw and Hafthor Bjornsson (Thor).
When he helped these two gentlemen out (who were already at the TOP of their game) he looked at a couple of things and implemented one new strategy.
First, he addressed their sleep, next their nutrition and finally added 10 minute walks after each meal.
Stan goes into great detail about how 10 minute walks have such a dramatic effect on weight loss, performance, better mood, insulin sensitivity, heart health, aches and pains and many other benefits that could be listed here.
Sometimes its the easy things we neglect to do that will have the greatest impact on our overall health.
Taking a couple of 10 minute walks per day takes absolutely no talent or skill set whatsoever unlike learning a deadlift or muscle-up.
And its not just for the average person who's trying to start a fitness regimen.


A native of Hong Kong, Tak Chun Lai began musical training at age 11. Lai completed his Bachelor of Music (Honours) at University of Melbourne in 2013, under the guidance of Tim Buzbee (Melbourne Symphony Orchestra). Before studying in Australia, Lai completed a Diploma of Music Performance at the Hong Kong Academy for Performing Arts in 2009, under the guidance of Paul Luxenburg (Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra).
Lai has freelanced with a number of orchestras, including the Melbourne Symphony Orchestra, Sydney Symphony Orchestra Sinfonia, Hong Kong Philharmonic Orchestra, Iceland Symphony Orchestra, Northern Iceland Symphony Orchestra and the Asian Youth Orchestra.


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God: An Anatomy (Hardcover)
By Francesca Stavrakopoulou
In Stock at Kepler's Now
1 on hand, as of Jan 29 5:19am
(RELIGION-CHRISTIANITY)
An astonishing and revelatory history that re-presents God as he was originally envisioned by ancient worshippers—with a distinctly male body, and with superhuman powers, earthly passions, and a penchant for the fantastic and monstrous.
"[A] rollicking journey through every aspect of Yahweh's body, from top to bottom (yes, that too) and from inside out ... Ms. Stavrakopoulou has almost too much fun."—The Economist
The scholarship of theology and religion teaches us that the God of the Bible was without a body, only revealing himself in the Old Testament in words mysteriously uttered through his prophets, and in the New Testament in the body of Christ. The portrayal of God as corporeal and masculine is seen as merely metaphorical, figurative, or poetic. But, in this revelatory study, Francesca Stavrakopoulou presents a vividly corporeal image of God: a human-shaped deity who walks and talks and weeps and laughs, who eats, sleeps, feels, and breathes, and who is undeniably male.
Here is a portrait—arrived at through the author's close examination of and research into the Bible—of a god in ancient myths and rituals who was a product of a particular society, at a particular time, made in the image of the people who lived then, shaped by their own circumstances and experience of the world. From head to toe—and every part of the body in between—this is a god of stunning surprise and complexity, one we have never encountered before.
FRANCESCA STAVRAKOPOULOU is a professor of Hebrew Bible and ancient religion at the University of Exeter. A graduate of Oxford University, her focus is in the history of ancient Israel and Judah--she has also worked in television on the BBC and Channel 4, presenting shows on the historicity of the Bible and the Hebrew Bible, the role of women in biblical times and the development of the biblical text. She lives in Exeter, England.
"A detailed and scrupulously researched book . . . [Stavrakopoulou] proceeds, in 21 chapters packed with knowledge and insight, to 'anatomize' the divinity from head to toe, starting with the 'standing stones' that marked the footsteps of deities in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age and ending with images of God that enabled people to imagine that they were somehow communing with him 'face to face.'"—Karen Armstrong, The New York Times
"Brilliant . . . Fascinating . . . Boldly simple in concept, God: An Anatomy is stunning in its execution. It is a tour de force, a triumph, and I write this as one who disagrees with Stavrakopoulou both on broad theoretical grounds and one who finds himself engaged with her in one narrow textual spat after another . . . Great fun to read . . . A stunning book."—Jack Miles, Catholic Herald
"This book is a great rebel shout. . . [A] rollicking journey through every aspect of Yahweh's body, from top to bottom (yes, that too) and from inside out . . . Ms. Stavrakopoulou has almost too much fun."—The Economist
"In both Judaism and Christianity God is conceived as non-physical. In God: An Anatomy Francesca Stavrakopoulou shows that this was not yet so in the Bible, where God appears in a much more corporeal form. This provocative work will surprise and may shock, but it brings to light aspects of the biblical account of God that modern readers seldom appreciate."—John Barton, author of A History of the Bible
"Good Lord, Stavrakopoulou touches that sweet spot that is scholarly, funny, visceral and heavenly. A revelation."—Adam Rutherford, author of A Brief History of Everyone Who Ever Lived
"One of the most remarkable historians and communicators working today."—Dan Snow, author of On This Day in History
"In Stavrakopoulou's stunning dissection of historical religious texts, the real back-story and context of the God of Judaism and Christianity is revealed . . . Where pious theologians have abstracted him into emptiness, Stavrakopolou gives him back his substance, and he's so much more interesting in this bodily form! Both scholarly and accessible, and full of fascinating stories - I guarantee you'll never think of this God the same way again."—Alice Roberts, author of Ancestors
"God: An Anatomy is a tour de force . . . Extraordinarily rich and nuanced . . . Stavrakopoulou has taken to heart the biblical injunction to seek the face of God, and what emerges is a deity more terrifyingly alive, more damaged, more compelling, more complex than we have encountered before. More human, you might say."—New Humanist
"This is an extraordinary book. It'll rewire your thinking, and it's so readable you won't notice till it's too late."—Tim Whitmarsh, author of Battling the Gods
"Well-researched . . . A refreshing look at ancient Scripture and the people behind it, reminding readers that the concept of 'God' in the 21st century is a world away from that of the earliest people of Israel. A challenging, engaging work of scholarship that sheds new light on ancient Hebrew conceptions of the divine." —Kirkus Reviews
"Refreshing . . . The sheer amount of primary evidence examined is staggering . . . Excellent . . . Stavrakopoulou's argumentation is intellectually penetrating, analytically robust, and sophisticated . . . Respectful and intrigued . . . Stavrakopoulou's book, and her public-facing scholarship, demonstrate what makes an outstanding biblical scholar."—Church Times
Religion / Christian Theology / History
Religion / Christian Church / History
Religion / Biblical Studies / History & Culture
Kobo eBook (January 24th, 2022): $13.99


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Steve Locher (* 19. September 1967 in Salins) ist ein ehemaliger Schweizer Skirennfahrer. Er gehörte 17 Jahre lang der Schweizer Skinationalmannschaft an. Er ist olympischer Medaillengewinner und gehörte in den 1990er Jahren zu den besten Riesenslalomläufern der Welt.

Biografie
Locher wurde als eines von vier Kindern eines Elektromonteurs geboren. Im Alter von vier Jahren stand er erstmals auf Ski. Ab 1975 bestritt er für seinen Heimatverein SC Salins erste Rennen. 1985 schaffte Locher den Sprung in die Schweizer Skinationalmannschaft, und seit der Saison 1989/90 nahm er als Profi an den Rennen um den Weltcup teil. Gleich in seiner ersten Saison gelang ihm beim Super-G von Val-d'Isère der erste Weltcupsieg seiner Karriere.

Mit Talent sowohl in den technischen als auch in den Geschwindigkeitsdisziplinen entwickelte sich Locher schnell zu einem der besten Allround-Läufer des Weltcups. Seine grössten Erfolge feierte er dann zunächst auch in Kombinationswertungen. 1991 wurde er bei den Skiweltmeisterschaften in Saalbach-Hinterglemm Fünfter, im Jahr darauf gewann er bei den Olympischen Winterspielen in Albertville die Bronzemedaille in der Kombination, die einzige alpine Medaille des Schweizer Olympiateams. Bei den Weltmeisterschaften 1993 wurde er noch einmal Fünfter.

Nach seinem furiosen Karrierebeginn stagnierten Mitte der 1990er Jahre die Leistungen Lochers. Der Trainingsaufwand schien zu hoch, um in allen Disziplinen die Weltspitze zu erreichen. Locher beschloss, auf Kombinationswertungen zu verzichten und sich künftig nur noch auf seine stärksten Disziplinen, den Riesenslalom und den Super-G, zu konzentrieren. Ab 1996 trainierte er zudem nur noch mit den Spitzenläufern Michael von Grünigen und Urs Kälin. Der Erfolg gab ihm recht: in der Saison 1993/94 kam er in der Gesamtwertung des Riesenslalomweltcups auf Rang 5, in Saison 1996/97 erreichte er mit Platz vier sogar die beste Platzierung seiner Karriere.

Bei Weltmeisterschaften und Olympischen Spielen folgte eine Serie von Spitzenplatzierungen: 1996 in der Sierra Nevada Fünfter im Riesenslalom, 1997 in Sestriere Vierter, 1998 in Nagano Sechster und schliesslich 1999 in Vail die Bronzemedaille. Zudem wurde er 1998 Schweizer Meister im Riesenslalom. Nach der Saison 2001/02 trat Locher vom aktiven Skirennsport zurück. Insgesamt bestritt er in seiner Karriere 230 Weltcuprennen, 53 Mal konnte er sich unter den besten zehn platzieren.

Ab 2005 arbeitete Locher als Trainer beim Walliser Skiverband und im Leistungszentrum Brig. Im Frühjahr 2010 wechselte er als Trainer der neu geschaffenen Weltcupgruppe 4 zu Swiss-Ski. Am 1. Dezember 2010 erlitt er bei einem Verkehrsunfall nahe dem schwedischen Åre eine Becken- und eine Halswirbelfraktur. Zusammen mit drei weiteren Swiss-Ski-Trainern war er auf dem Weg zu einem Europacuprennen.

Weltcupsiege

Weblinks

Einzelnachweise

Alpiner Skirennläufer (Schweiz)
Schweizer Meister (Ski Alpin)
Olympiateilnehmer (Schweiz)
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1992
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1994
Teilnehmer der Olympischen Winterspiele 1998
Teilnehmer einer Alpinen Skiweltmeisterschaft
Alpinskitrainer (Schweiz)
Sportler (Kanton Wallis)
Schweizer
Geboren 1967
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Clarins Beauty Flash Balm – a Beauty Should Have!
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We have all listen to of Clarins, but how quite a few of us have actually experimented with Clarins goods? Clarins has a comprehensive line of beauty goods so you hardly ever need to store wherever else. These goods consist of everything you need for cleansing, hydrating, moisturising, firming, and toning your encounter, neck, and human body. There is a fantastic line of fragrances that not only make you odor fantastic, but they make you come to feel fantastic too. You can buy all of your makeup via Clarins, and there is even a line of Clarins goods for males. There are just so quite a few goods readily available via Clarins that you ought to really acquire a glimpse for by yourself, you will not be dissatisfied.
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Havin' Fun: The Wonderful World Of Bing Crosby And Louis Armstrong
Megadeth, Gimme Radio Partner With Richard Childless Racing For US Motor Speedway
With a friendship based on mutual admiration, Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong recorded a series of classic songs and appeared together in many hit movies.
Martin Chilton
Bing Crosby was one of the most successful stars in the history of show business. He was best known as a singer – selling more than 300 million records and recording the evergreen hit 'White Christmas' – but was also a celebrated TV and film actor and radio star. Crosby (born 3 May 1093; died 14 October 1977, at the age of 74), made 80 movies, winning an Oscar in 1943.
Yet for all his success, Crosby said that "no doubt about it, the happiest times I worked in my career were the days I worked with Louis Armstrong".
Listen to the Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong collection, Bing & Satchmo, right now.
An enormous influence
The jazz trumpet star, who was friends with Crosby for nearly half a century, had an enormous influence on the singing style of the young singer from Tacoma, Washington. Bing Crosby was 23 and working with the Paul Whiteman Orchestra when, at the urging of singer Mildred Bailey, he went to see Armstrong at the Sunset Café in Chicago. It was an integrated audience, and Crosby, sitting in the front row, was overwhelmed by Armstrong's performance – by his singing and his irreverent showmanship. Armstrong sang with passion, played trumpet with panache and also larked about, impersonating a Deep South preacher while wearing a deacon's coat. Crosby was in awe of Armstrong's ability to combine music and humour.
Asked 24 years later which musician had influenced him most, Crosby replied: "I am proud to acknowledge my debt to the Reverend Satchel Mouth. He is the beginning and the end of music in America. And long may he reign."
Gary Giddins, author of Bing Crosby: A Pocketful Of Dreams, The Early Years 1903-1940, said that Armstrong, one of the originators of scat singing, also had a deep impact on Crosby's technical prowess. "He always adapted what he had learned from Armstrong and from jazz into his own style… Crosby was indelibly tied to a jazz aesthetic through his inherent sense of swing and his great appreciation (and emulation) of Armstrong's genius for vocal phrasing, spontaneity, emotion and comedy."
The respect was mutual. At the time of the Sunset Café gig, Armstrong enjoyed listening to Crosby's records with The Rhythm Boys and later adapted elements of Crosby's "crooning" style into the ballads he covered, such as 'Stardust' and 'Wrap Your Troubles in Dreams'. "Bing's voice has a mellow quality that only Bing's got. It's like gold being poured out of a cup," Armstrong told Time magazine in 1955. He also called Crosby "a natural genius the day he was born" and "one of the finest guys in this musical and wonderful world, with a heart as big".
Quiz: So You Think You Know Louis Armstrong?
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Louis Armstrong & Ella Fitzgerald: Porgy And Bess (1958)
In the 30s, Armstrong and Crosby realised they worked well together (and also reportedly shared the occasional marijuana cigarette), and they became fixtures on the NBC radio series Kraft Music Hall, which Crosby hosted and on which Armstrong frequently made guest appearances. Their radio work continued for years, and a two-disc album, Havin' Fun, taken from radio shows from 1949-51, shows their relaxed and witty ad libbing – with asides from trombonist Jack Teagarden.
Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong at the movies
In 1936, the duo appeared in their first film together, Pennies From Heaven. Despite protests from the producers, Crosby insisted that Armstrong be given prominent billing and feature on the film poster. They also successfully recorded music from the film, including a version of the title song, cut with the Tommy Dorsey Orchestra.
During this decade, Armstrong also worked with Bing's brother, jazz singer Bob Crosby, appearing on television shows with Armstrong's All Stars. Bing's son Gary Crosby said, "Louis loved my father and Louis was always one of Bing's favourites."
The next big screen collaboration between Bing Crosby and Louis Armstrong was in 1951 with Frank Capra's Here Comes The Groom. The movie included an all-star jam session with Crosby and guest stars Armstrong and Dorothy Lamour. Also in 1951, a version of 'Gone Fishin'', cut with the John Scott Trotter Orchestra, went down so well with the audience at a radio show that Crosby and Armstrong's version was released as single by Decca and reached No.19 in the charts.
Around this time, there was a recording of a New Year's Eve party at Armstrong's house. When someone mentions seeing Crosby and Armstrong, the jazz man says, "Ah, give that buzzard my regards there! Shove him my regards, Daddy. That's my boy, there. Oh, he treats us so well in his hometown."
Five years later, they both starred in MGM's High Society – along with Grace Kelly, Celeste Holm and Frank Sinatra – in a film scored by Cole Porter. Crosby said it was the favourite of all the movies he made, and Holm said the cast had such fun because Armstrong and his All-Stars were always informally jamming and bantering between takes.
In the movie, the pair sing 'Now You Has Jazz', which is one of songwriter Nick Lowe's favourite records. He said: "It sounds like an aural cartoon, since the voices have so much character. Bing Crosby was able to swing in this very white kind of way."
The memory of 'Gone Fishin'' stayed with the pair and, after a recording a few songs with Crosby's son Gary – including 'Struttin' With Some Barbeque' – Armstrong agreed to work on a whole album with Crosby, Sr, after an appearance on the latter's Oldsmobile TV special that aired on ABC in September 1959.
Recording Bing & Satchmo
At the end of June 1960, at United Recording, Hollywood, the duo recorded 12 songs, with the Billy May Orchestra, for the album Bing & Satchmo. The songs included 'Muskat Ramble' and 'At The Jazz Band Ball', and Johnny Mercer's 'Little Ol' Moon' and 'Rocky Mountain Moon', which the composer specially adapted for the pair, adding special effects and vocals. May said: "That was a labour of love for John [Mercer] because John loved Louis, and I know he's a good friend of Bing's. Louis was fun to work with and Bing of course enjoyed being around musicians. It was really a fun gig."
Highlights on the album include Armstrong jamming on Horace Silver's composition 'Preacher', though there was little press fanfare for the record because, as Billboard reported in October 1960, when the album came out, Crosby was in England with his wife playing golf, and Armstrong was on a state visit to the Congo.
Crosby said he had happy memories of Bing & Satchmo. As he put it: "I never met anybody that didn't love Louis that ever saw him work or ever has encountered him, had any connection or any business with him… Any time I ever worked with Louis it was just a pleasure to be around. Lots of gags going all the time, you know, because he loved to laugh. He had an infectious laugh, too, about your singing or about his cornet playing or about a wardrobe or about music in general or anything."
"The greatest singer that ever was and ever will be"
Up until the end of Armstrong's life, Crosby continued to pay tribute to Armstrong's singing, telling a friend, according to biographer Gary Giddins, that Armstrong was "the greatest singer that ever was and ever will be".
When his friend looked unconvinced, Crosby explained: "It's so simple, when he sings a sad song you cry and when he sings a happy song you laugh. What the hell else is there in popular music?"
There is poignant footage of the pair singing on the 1967 TV show Hollywood Palace before walking off together through the closing curtains, like the two titans of modern music they were. Crosby, who died in 1977 from a heart attack he suffered just after completing an 18-hole round of golf at La Moraleja golf club in Spain, outlived Armstrong by six years.
At Armstrong's funeral, in 1971, the honorary pallbearers had included Dizzy Gillespie, Count Basie, Frank Sinatra and Bing Crosby. The 'White Christmas' star said he was there to pay tribute to "America's ambassador of music".
Bing & Satchmo can be bought here.
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CBRE Data Centre Solutions, the world's leading integrated data centre operations service provider, and Uptime Institute, the global data centre authority, today announced a strategic partnership to enable CBRE to offer its clients the Management & Operations (M&O) Stamp of Approval, the industry's only operations focused data centre risk assessment solution, as part of CBRE's Critical Environment Risk Management (CERMTM) programme.
Recognizing the similarities and strong alignment between Uptime Institute's M&O Stamp of Approval and CBRE's CERM™ programme, clients with whom CBRE manages data centres will be given the option of having their data centre operations independently assessed by Uptime Institute experts at both the site and portfolio level to confirm that the data centres meet Uptime Institute's demanding and market-tested operational and sustainable standards. Key indicators considered during the assessment will include the review of operational processes in place, expected behaviors and the risk mitigation methods that need to be in place to ensure efficient and effective data centre operations.
CBRE clients will earn the designation by demonstrating superior management and operations, at which point the M&O Stamp of Approval will be "Awarded" to the client by Uptime Institute.
As part of this program, CBRE clients will benefit from a preferential rate for the M&O Stamp of Approval assessment. In addition, CBRE clients will have the ability to amortize the costs of the assessment over the duration of the award period, therefore giving clients the option to budget for the risk assessment as an ongoing operational expense.


The Diamond Jubilee stamps will be issued in time for the extended Jubilee Bank Holidays on 4 and 5 June, using archive photography show The Queen performing her official duties both at home in the UK and on the world stage.
The stamps give an insight into the hugely diverse duties The Queen has performed from delivering the first televised Christmas broadcast in 1957, to inspecting the 2nd Battalion Royal Welsh, as head of the UK's Armed Forces, half a century later in 2007.
The stamps demonstrate The Queen's unwavering devotion to duty that has not faltered since the accession to the throne on 6 February 1952.
This is the third and final stamp issue in 2012 to mark The Queen's Diamond Jubilee. The first was The House of Windsor issue (2 February), which featured a 1954 portrait of The Queen.
2002 marked the 50th anniversary of HM The Queen's reign. She is seen here at the Golden Jubilee Thanksgiving Service at St Paul's Cathedral.
The Trooping of the Colour celebrates the monarch's official birthday every June. Queen Elizabeth took the salute on horseback until the retirement of her favourite charger, Burmese in 1986.
The Queen is head of the UK's Armed Forces. She is seen here inspecting the 2nd Battalion Royal Welsh at Tidworth 1 March 2007.
Now a well-established element of the UK Christmas celebrations, Queen Elizabeth II was the first UK monarch to embrace the then new technology of television for the traditional Christmas address to the nation.
The nation celebrated 25 years of the Queen's reign in 1977. She is seen here on one of the many royal walkabouts taken during the celebrations.
Every June, a procession and service take place at Windsor Castle for the Order of the Garter. Founded by Edward III in 1348, the Order is the senior and oldest British Order of Chivalry and the Queen formally invests new Companions of the Order of the Garter in the Throne Room of Windsor Castle.
Cementing her position as a world statesperson, The Queen addressed the General Assembly of the United Nations in 1957.
The Queen, as Head of the Commonwealth, is seen here at the 1982 Commonwealth Games in Brisbane, Australia.


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Home / History & Politics / History Of The World
This is a completely new and updated edition of J. M. Roberts and Odd Arne Westad's widely acclaimed, landmark bestseller The Penguin History of the World.
For generations of readers The Penguin History of the World has been one of the great cultural experiences – the entire story of human endeavour laid out in all its grandeur and folly, drama and pain in a single authoritative book. Now, for the first time, it has been completely overhauled for its 6th edition – not just bringing it up to date, but revising it throughout in the light of new research and discoveries, such as the revolution in our understanding of many civilizations in the Ancient World. The closing sections of the book reflect what now seems to be the inexorable rise of Asia and the increasingly troubled situation in the West.
J.M. Roberts, CBE, published The Penguin History of the World in 1976 to immediate acclaim. His other major books include The Paris Commune from the Right, The Triumph of the West (which was also a successful television series), The Penguin History of Europe and The Penguin History of the Twentieth Century. He died in 2003.
Odd Arne Westad, FBA, is Professor of International History at the London School of Economics. He has published fifteen books on modern and contemporary international history, among them The Global Cold War, which won the Bancroft Prize, and Decisive Encounters, a standard history of the Chinese civil war. He also served as general co-editor of the Cambridge History of the Cold War.
'A work of outstanding breadth of scholarship and penetrating judgements. There is nothing better of its kind' Jonathan Sumption, Sunday Telegraph
'A stupendous achievement' A.J.P. Taylor
'A brilliant book … the most outstanding history of the world yet written' J.H. Plumb
J M Roberts, Odd Arne Westad
The Penguin History of the World Reviews
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I will be exhibiting in a Group Exhibition at Orleans House Gallery Twickenham.
Love Richmond 2, Part of my series of images, Love Richmond.
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Our first effort to enhance the current continuing education offering is coming January 19th at 2pm eastern. We will be conducting a live webinar on Marketing and Social Media. Laurie Knechtel, representing Constant Contact has agreed to host us for this FREE education session.
As a service-based small business owner, you're constantly seeking the right strategies, tools and tactics to retain clients and generate positive word of mouth to attract new ones. You want to spend your time working with clients, but between Facebook and Twitter, email and mobile, deals, and whatever new social network is rolling out that month—there's a lot to keep up with. And there are only so many hours in each day – the number of possibilities can feel overwhelming.
This session will help make sense of the noise, showing you how to make the most of email and social media for your business. At the conclusion of this session, you'll have a greater understanding of marketing basics like setting goals and objectives, defining your audience, choosing the right marketing channels to reach that audience, and the power of using basic marketing analytics to garner maximum return on investment.
You'll be given some simple but powerful tips for how to get your messages opened and read, shared and socially visible. And you'll see that there are some great tools you can use to help engage with your existing clients as well as expand your reach to new prospects. So join us and start to build a plan that will help you grow your business.
Our second webinar will come in March details will be sent out in the new year.