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Data Blogs
Seeing Reality Through Graphs and Maps
July 10, 2012 | by CRAIG J. WILLY
© Sergii Dashkevych/veer
While people rely less and less on traditional media data blogs serve as a new guide through the information jungle. Craig J. Willy presents some of the most influential data blogs today.
The Sustainable Governance Indicators attempt to provide an overall account of a stunning array of variables, including in the areas of government, democracy, environment, economics... While these very broad topics are critically important to people's daily lives, it can be difficult to convey their meaning to individuals. Problems, say, of public finances or climate can appear abstract until they (unfortunately) fully materialise in the form of a crisis.
Data blogs represent a new way of reaching and understanding information. For example, while a traditional media might simply report a series of crimes, data blog post might provide a chart documenting the rise and/or fall of crime rates in an area. The information revealed can sometimes sharply contradict the impressions conveyed by individual news stories. The following presents three of the most influential and informative data blogs today.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/datablog/2011/jan/31/world-carbon-dioxide-emissions-country-data-co2
The Guardian: Embracing the Data
The Guardian has been one of the most enthusiastic advocates of data journalism in the Internet age. Its "Datablog" is supposed to exemplify the second half of the London newspaper's motto that "Comment is free, but facts are sacred."
Its frequent postings naturally cover British issues a great deal (whether it's public spending, obesity, education...) but the blog's real strength is the quantity and quality of original presentations of the data, often in the form of very striking infographics. Among the more prominent of these have been the "carbon atlas" of global emissions by country and the breaking down of the biggest contributors and beneficiaries of the European Union budget. The visualizations are often available in PDF form and the original data itself can also be accessed.
For those doing research, the Guardian also has a "data store" of archives of previous data sets and several pieces explaining the importance of data journalism.
Wonkblog: If You Can't Get Enough
Liberal U.S. blogger and commentator Ezra Klein directs the Washington Post's "Wonkblog". For those not in the know, a "wonk" is a policy expert. The blog claims to provide "Economic and domestic policy, and lots of it," and it certainly lives up to its claim.
While they provide few if any original data visualisations, the authors are extremely prolific, publishing numerous posts every day with news and op-ed roundups, interviews with key politicians and opinion-makers, and aggregation of graphs and maps from various sources.
Much of this is US-focused. The analyses of the American government are often original in presentation: You'll find graphs on the use of the filibuster in the U.S. Senate (a method of blocking legislation unless there is a supermajority), tables on onsequences of the economic brinksmanship in the Congress, and arguments on why the U.S. healthcare system is twice as costly as that of other developed countries.
However, the blog also manages to provide significant coverage of issues from other regions (notably seemingly endless, and mostly depressing, analysis of the eurozone). The blog aggregates and presents data from sources around the world such as the OECD on the extent of austerity in different countries , the WWF on the depletion of fish stocks, or even the number of deliveries by Santa Claus around Christmas time (broken down by time zone).
Wonkblog's frequent, often lengthy and dense postings can be off-putting for novices. However, its coverage and detail makes it a must-read for anyone who wants to keep up with the latest expertise on global issues.
Graphic Detail: Keeping it Simple
The Economist initially had a "Daily Chart" providing a graphic illustrating data, typically from a third source. This has grown into the "Graphic Detail" blog which publishes more often, but the stream of content remains manageable.
While the venerable liberal magazine is often considered a difficult read, "Graphic Detail" postings are typically simple and succinct. They deal in typically international/cosmopolitan topics such as the expansion of the developing world's cities, the years of economic growth lost to the financial crisis, or the Internet's contribution to the economy.
The presentation is usually that of a simple bar chart or graph. However, on select topics the magazine sometimes invests in more interactive and detailed presentations such as this flash map covering innumerable aspects of the European economy in different countries (including debt, GDP, unemployment and trade balance) or this one showing the overlap between Facebook connections and former colonial empires.
The blog also features The Economist's famously dry sense of humour. It recently republished a videographic in which the magazine rearranges the nations of Europe to suit it better, accompanied by mandatory deadpan commentary in an upper-crust British accent...
To Sum Up...
These are just some of the data blogs that are out there. There are many more catering for specific niches whether media, environment, economics or other areas. They are one example of where it is no exaggeration to talk of an Information Revolution that is radically transforming our perception of the world.
Where once individuals were largely dependent on often impressionistic or sensationalist news articles and television stories for information, today they are able to put these in context with data that, intelligently presented, can be made understandable for a lay audience. We can optimistic that our citizenries will be more informed as a result.
This has been an introduction to only some of the most prominent blogs in the vast, new and ever-evolving world of data blogging. Here are some others:
Les Crises is a blog by French actuary Olivier Berruyer analysing various aspects of the debt, financial and climate crises. Even those with poor-to-no French will find something useful as it relies heavily on self-explanatory graphs and cartoons. http://www.les-crises.fr/
The Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is the granddaddy of international statistics collectors. Its Factblog highlights some its data on economics, education, environment and virtually everything else under the sun. It also provides some helpful guides to policy statistics in general. http://blog.oecdfactblog.org/
Calculated Risk is a leading analytical data blog on economics with a US focus. http://www.calculatedriskblog.com/
Fistful of Euros is a collaborative Europe-focused blog. In addition to general interest posts (politics, Eurovision...), it provides in-depth economic analysis, notably by Catalan blogger Edward Hugh. http://fistfulofeuros.net/
The irreverent "Chart Porn" provides data visualisation from all walks of life, including governmental and policy data, but also sports and popular culture. Its humour section is definitely worth a chuckle. http://chartporn.org/
Craig J. Willy can be reached via Twitter @craigjwilly.
Study: SGI 2011The latest edition of the Sustainable Governance Indicators


Season to taste with kosher salt and freshly ground pepper.
I always save the stems of fresh broccoli to use later in a soup. For the broccoli use a potato peeler or knife to remove the tough outside skin of the broccoli. Then slice the stems into "coins" about ⅛ of an inch in thickness.
Add green beans and broccoli stems. Cook for an additional 10 minutes.
Cut chicken breasts into bite size pieces. Store in a separate container to be add measured amount to soup servings.


JAS is proud to be serving the alcoholic beverages industry. It is a global marketplace that ships hundreds of thousands of containers per year. JAS has been active in the alcoholic beverages industry for quite some time, working with customers on all continents to provide tailored services unique to their needs.
While already among the leaders in markets such as Italy, Hong Kong, and the Middle East in the Wine & Spirits industry, on October 1, 2018 JAS opened a new office in Bordeaux, France that is dedicated to the specialized needs of Wine and Spirits clients. Along with this new office, JAS also recruited a team of experts to better understand and aid customers. JAS Wine & Spirits provides dedicated air and sea services to shippers and consignees in most world origin and destination markets.
JAS Wine & Spirits is competitive, agile, global, professional, and looks forward to providing clients with the best support available.


I'll call a string of these hom-objects (such as the string of length two in the domain of M) composable if they can be reduced to a single hom-object by repeated uses of M. Of course the parenthization of the original string matters. Keep in mind then also the associator in V, /alpha, used to get from one parenthization to another. For a string of length n we can draw the associahedron K_n and put the various parenthizations at the vertexes, and the associators on the edges.
Vertically Iterated Classical Enrichment Also available from the arXiv and from TAC.
I define iterated enrichment in the sense that we enrich over V-Cat, the category of enriched categories over V, and etc. I would like to weaken this concept. The next slide reviews some of the paper and future plans.
are enriched n-functors, then the pentagon they are usually required to satisfy exactly can instead be filled in with an (invertible) enriched n-natural transformation M_2. Then we draw the pentagonal diagram of K_4 with vertices labeled by parenthesized strings of composable hom-objects, and compose each vertice by use of M_1 to a common final hom-object. What this does is to subdivide K_4 into two-cells that we fill in again with instances of M_2. We are now looking at a polyhedron with one of the pentagonal faces being K_4.
The next slide shows this process.
There are exactly two 2-dimensional paths that make up the front and back of the polyhedron. Between the latter there should now exist an enriched modification M_3. The next slide shows the same polyhedron as in the flattened picture at the end of the last slide, but drawn in 3 dimensions.
In general we continue subdividing associahedra with vertices labeled by composable hom-objects and filling in with a k-cell M_k until at last M_n+2 is an identity morphism--i.e. the last diagram made by composing the vertices of the last associahedron and filling in with M_n+1 is required to commute.
The last slide shows just the beginning of the next step: I've filled in one of the quadrilaterals on K_5 to show that eventually an identity 3-cell will fit nicely into the wedge with the quadrilateral as its base and the final hom-object as its point.


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Q: Load MAX value from sql table into a DataTable I need to reed aggregated data from SQL into .Net, to do this I use a DataAdapter to Fill a DataTable. The query looks something like this:
SELECT ACTNUMBR AS [SegmentNumber], MAX(DSCRIPTN) AS [Description], COUNT(*) AS [UsageCount]

The SegementNumber and the UsageCount values load into the DataTable as expected, but I cannot get the Description column to load values, it remains blank (running the query in SQL does return values). If I hardcode a value then it loads the values into the DataTable but as soon as I use a MAX() expression it does not load.
I have tried specifying the column detail for the DataTable but it had no effect.
Is this known behavior? How do I fix / work around it?

A: I believe the problem is in your SQL.  You can't include an aggregate function (MAX) without doing a group BY.
SELECT ACTNUMBR AS [SegmentNumber],
       MAX(DSCRIPTN) AS [Description],
       COUNT(*) AS [UsageCount]
FROM   SOMETABLE
GROUP BY ACTNUMBR

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Gladys Reynolds 14 May 2020
When my husband developed a passion for playing online games, I had to take a crash course in gaming computers and the technology that they depend on. After seeing the lag that insufficient hardware led to, I knew I needed to do something. I wanted to be sure that he had what he needed for his games to run smoothly. That's when I started to research how all of the components worked together and what truly made a quality gaming system. I created this site to introduce others to the fundamentals of gaming computers and what they need to know to build a system that will run today's resource-heavy games.
Security Alarm Systems For Your Home And Features For The Safety Of Your Family
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Best Crowdfunding Practices to Establish Your Brand Before You Launch Your Project
Touch Screen Cash Registers Are Catching Employee Thieves In Their Digital Tracks
Website Security: Fight Cyber Attacks Here
What Customers Need To Know About Cloud Hosting
Cloud hosting services have taken off in popularity in the last decade. The concept, however, can be challenging for the unindoctrinated to wrap their heads around. You should be familiar with these four aspects of cloud hosting before you decide to use it.
What Cloud Hosting Is
Broadly speaking, there are two common ways to host servers. First, you can load a bunch of resources onto a single machine and hope you've provided enough to survive massive traffic spikes. Secondly, you can spread the load across many machines.
Cloud hosting falls into the second category. However, it takes things a step further than simple clustering. Instead, a pool of resources is made available across a company's network. If a ton of traffic suddenly comes in, the system can muster help from this pool to keep processing requests.
What's the Benefit?
The major benefits of cloud hosting services are stability and scalability. With a large pool of resources available to deal with computation, file hosting, and requests, a cloud host can take a pounding and keep on trucking.
It's also possible to use the additional resources in the pool to scale automatically. A server that needs another 100 GB of storage doesn't have to be outfitted with new hardware. Instead, the cloud hosting software will simply expand the pool of available resources for storage to give the host more overhead.
This approach is especially appealing to operations that need room to grow. You might only require gigabytes of bandwidth today, for example, but your long-term plans involve terabytes worth of usage a year down the road.
Generally, cloud hosting, especially the scalable variety, employs metered billing rather than flat rates. That means you need to keep close tabs on how much of a bill a server is running up. If you're confident in your business model's profitability, such as with an e-commerce website during the peak of the holiday shopping season, though, you can expect the returns from the traffic to pay for the costs.
How Difficult Is Cloud Hosting to Use?
Improvements in how hosts are designed have made the process of setting up and maintaining a server in the cloud very similar to other options. Unless you really want to get under the hood, you'll never notice the difference between something like a cloud host and a VPS — although you'll probably notice the cloud-based system is vastly more stable.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


- Describe the challenges in managing a mobile and Internet-based workforce and how Configuration Manager integrated with MDM and cloud services solutions can address these challenges.
-Describe and configure methods used to manage client devices that are located outside of the corporate network and connected to the Internet.
- Deploy and manage Microsoft Store for Business apps by using Configuration Manager.
- Deploy and manage Office 365 apps by using Configuration Manager.
- Manage mobile devices by using Configuration Manager.
- Describe and configure a hybrid MDM scenario by using Configuration Manager and Intune.
- Enroll iOS, Android, and Windows-based devices in a hybrid Configuration Manager and Intune MDM solution.
- Describe and configure on-premises mobile device management using Configuration Manager.
- Understand the challenges in managing a mobile and distributed workforce.
- Understand the considerations for integrating Configuration Manager with cloud services and Internet-based management solutions.
- Describe the public key infrastructure (PKI) requirements to support the Internet and MDM.
- Explain how to expand content availability by using cloud-based distribution points.
- Identify the methods for managing client devices that are connected to the Internet but located outside the corporate network.
-Describe the considerations and tasks for enabling Configuration Manager to support Internet-based client management (IBCM).
-Describe the considerations and procedures for implementing the Cloud Management Gateway to support Internet-based clients.
- Explain how to manage Microsoft Store for Business and describe its features.
- Deploy apps from Microsoft Store for Business by using Configuration Manager.
- Describe Microsoft Office 365 ProPlus features.
- Use Configuration Manager to deploy Office 365 applications.
- Manage and update an Office 365 client deployment.
- Explain how to deploy the Microsoft Exchange Server connector for Configuration Manager.
- Plan and prepare for hybrid MDM.
- Enable Windows device management and implement Windows device enrollment.
- Enable Android device management and implement Android device enrollment.
- Enable iOS device management and implement iOS device enrollment.
- Manage mobile devices in Configuration Manager hybrid MDM.
- Explain what On-premises MDM is and compare it with other management options.
- Plan for and implement the requirements for On-Premises MDM.
- Enroll a modern Windows 10 device in On-Premises MDM.
- Basic concepts of PKI security.
- Basic understanding of management tasks using Configuration Manager.


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HOMEREVIEWSNEWSBUSINESSCONTACTMAGAZINE
You are in: HOME > mobiles > smartphones
By Robin-Leigh Chetty 13 April 2017
SUMMARY REVIEW
Vodafone Smart Mini
For now, LG's modular plans are on hold. This was one of the major takeaways when the South Korean manufacturer debuted the LG G6 at Mobile World Congress in Barcelona earlier this year. It was a fairly divisive decision, especially for those who shelled out the cash to buy the modular G5 and the accessories (Friends) it was compatible with, as the follow doesn't cater to many of the latter.
In the long run, it may prove the right call, particularly as Motorola is the only manufacturer pursuing modular smartphones with interest. It's also a good move in our books as the G5 was a little hit and miss, proving intriguing from afar, but a little less polished up close. As such, perhaps pressing pause and taking one's time for the second attempt is not a bad thing.
Not your usual G
When the South Korean manufacturer unveiled their 2017 flagship, we were left a little puzzled - this was not the LG we're familiar with. There weren't any specs (LG G3) that blew the competition out the water. There wasn't a leather or ceramic back cover (LG G4), or indeed a design that few other manufacturers were replicating (LG G5). By all accounts, the LG G6 was a little boring… but that isn't a bad thing.
Stick with us for a moment. When it comes to flagship smartphones, you're not necessarily looking for something quirky. You want a phone that can do everything well, while delivering a premium feel and experience. By that measure then, the G6 is the best G-series device since 2014's G3, which is high praise indeed.
Painstaking assembly
One of the first things you notice about the G6, besides its longer body and display which we'll touch on shortly, is the painstaking efforts that LG has gone to in putting this device together. The aluminium frame for example is smooth and flawless, complemented by a Gorilla Glass 3 coated back cover that cradles the hand well. This is a significant aspect, as the G5 we reviewed last year didn't feel as well manufactured, and even began flaking in certain spots. After nearly two weeks of use, the G6 shows absolutely no signs of wear and tear, nor does it feel like it will.
As much as we appreciate the design of the G6, there is one issue that we've identified - the lack of power button on the frame of the phone, which instead is found on the back cover just below the dual lens camera. This button also doubles as a highly sensitive fingerprint reader. Its absence might not present an issue when trying to unlock the phone when placed on a flat surface, with a quick double tap on the screen and pattern input bringing up the home screen.
But what about turning off the phone once again? You'd have to lift it up and press the power button/fingerprint reader or wait for it to turn off automatically. You may think we're splitting hairs, but given the fine margins between the current batch of Android flagships, it's an annoyance that could have been avoided.
Looking at the screen, is it simply coincidence that both South Korean manufacturers debuted flagship smartphones with 18:9 displays, and not the standard 16:9? Perhaps that's a question for another time, but the fact that they sport longer screens will mean the LG G6 and Samsung Galaxy S8 will be compared to one another in yet another category.
LG's version is nicknamed Full Vision, with the 5.7" screen bright and crisp as it delivers 1440x2880 resolution and 564 ppi pixel density. The new dimensions make the G6 appear longer, with less of the width associated with 5.7" screens. In fact, compared to the 5.7" G6 the 5.3" LG G5 is 2 mm wider.
In terms of image quality, there is very little the G6 cannot display in nuanced and detailed fashion. For users that enjoy their mobile games, or watching videos and movies, the G6 is a great option to consider.
Furthermore, the Full Vision display has been optimised for the UX 6.0 UI, which is layered atop Android 7.0 (Nougat). It means that things are bit more spread out, and scaled accordingly when browsing through app screens and menus.
LG has also put to use aspects like the Square Camera mode, which allows the viewfinder to take up the top half of the screen, and quick preview of the image captured appearing below. Added to this is the ability to compose collage-type photos, as well as contact images and reply options displaying on the same 18:9 screen when receiving or making calls.
Is the 18:9 ratio the sole reason to get your hands on the G6? No, but it shows at the very least that LG has put the increased screen real estate to good use, and not simply integrated it as part of a sales gimmick.
Efficiently set up
So the display is longer, but what about the internal specs, we hear you ask. Indeed, the G6 is no shrinking violet in that regard. Predecessors of this iteration have also been well specced, but it is worth noting that the G6 does not sport Qualcomm's most powerful CPU of the moment, the Snapdragon 835, instead opting for the Snapdragon 821.
Housing a pair of dual-core processors that yield a speed of 2.35 GHz and 1.6 GHz respectively, they're combined with 4 GB of RAM to deliver a more than capable multitasking experience. In terms of benchmarking, this resulted in a 137 637 score on AnTuTu (v6.2.7), which is only bested by the Huawei P10's 143 668, among phones we've reviewed to date.
Shifting to the camera setup, a dual lens is once again present as were on the G5. The improvements, however, come in the form of megapixels, with a 13 MP primary and 13 MP wide angle lens. It's the latter that proves most impressive, as it also did in the G5. The ability to capture more content is welcome, and with the 18:9 screen is a good compliment.
We did have a few troubles with the camera when using the primary lens, as the White Balance and Brightness toggles popping up on-screen at odd times. For a user that simply wants to point and shoot then, the G6 may rove a bit too finicky for their liking. If, however, you do enjoy playing around with the settings of the camera to produce interesting shots, the G6 comes recommended.
Images taken with the LG G6.
We must admit that when we first encountered the G6 at MWC, it did not immediately strike us as noteworthy. While reviewing it, however, that opinion has changed, with this flagship winning us over by delivering all the essential elements of a great smartphone experience.
For the first time since the G3, it appears as if LG is keeping things simple and focusing on ensuring all the key elements are top notch. When you factor in the G6 (Ice Platinum only) is retailing for a recommended R12 099 locally - a solid R3k less than some of its competitors - it becomes even more appealing. If you're in the market for a high-spec, no-fuss flagship, the LG G6 is it.
LG launches flagship G6 in South Africa this week
LG G6: Six things you need to know
LG Mobile South Africa gives G6 flagship new R12 099 RRP
Well constructed with premium finish and feel; Great battery life; Solid multitasking
Power button placement odd at times; Camera a tad off now and then
LGLG G6AndroidSmartphoneFlagshipSouth Africa
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What are your plans for the holiday season?
A beach, working on my suntan and relaxing
Working through my gaming backlog
Having a staycation and catching up with all the things that need to be done in my house or apartment
Travelling internationally
Spending time with friends and family
Holiday? What's that? I'm working throughout
Getting reacquainted with my bed, sleeping late and binging Netflix
A beach, working on my suntan and relaxing (3 votes)
Working through my gaming backlog (0 votes)
Having a staycation and catching up with all the things that need to be done in my house or apartment (0 votes)
Travelling internationally (1 votes)
Spending time with friends and family (2 votes)
Holiday? What's that? I'm working throughout (4 votes)
Getting reacquainted with my bed, sleeping late and binging Netflix (2 votes)
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Features:===========* Authentic police lights* Additional unlimited custom patterns* Change colors, duration, and time scale, repeatability.
Well done! Now you can play TF: Police Lights on PC, just like TF: Police Lights for PC version.


Born & raised in Kuwait, Houssam Makki is of Lebanese descent. He is also French educated, but completed his high school education with the IGCSE English system & graduated in the year of 1999. Houssam was not able to attend an university early on, because of his family's financial situation; but this didn't stop him from pursuing his passion. He is confident that every individual has a unique purpose; even if things don't work out for them the way they planned, there is always a way!
Houssam went through many challenges & tough situations, even the loss of a business. He got a clear message from the Lord in 2009 to start looking for his life's purpose; and he was introduced to it in 2013. Since then, Houssam clarified what work he was to specialize in & decided to act on it. He has now committed himself to the development of others & to share his journey with the world.
Houssam graduated from Crown Life Coaching (CLC) in 2014 and became a Certified Trainer within the Crown Life Trainers International program in 2015, covering the Middle East. He is also an author (The Reborn), speaker and life coach. He is located in Salmya, Kuwait.
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"The Reborn tells the story of the life of Houssam Makki, a man who, because of a tragic accident as a toddler, had been written off by many, and given little hope to live even a basic life.
Through God, the power of words, and a few key people in his life, Houssam Makki has matured into a man who has surpassed all expectations! He lives beyond limits and embraces a life that is extraordinary! In The Reborn, Houssam tells his story, and lays out the principles that he has personally embraced during his journey.


Don't you just love the word 'bohemian'? it brings to mind a life of carefree living and freedom.
here is part of the definition from wikipedia ~ Bohemianism is the practice of an unconventional lifestyle, often in the company of like-minded people, with few permanent ties, involving musical, artistic, or literary pursuits.
My first thoughts for this theme were gypsies, rich gorgeous colours mixed with gold.
To join in with us, all you need to do is make a postcard size piece of art ~ we like it to be 6 x 4 inches in size using the above theme as a prompt, upload it to your blog/flickr/photo sharing site and then leave a comment with the link to your work.
thanks for playing along with us this week.
This week we're heading back to the 1920's to meet that 'new breed' of women known as Flappers. They bobbed their hair, wore short skirts and generally went against what was considered to be acceptable behaviour for women in that period. We'd love to see your postcards celebrating this period; remember all mediums are welcome just make your piece 6″ x 4″ in size.
Some lovely cards as usual this week, here are just a few examples….


What's the weather like in Puerto de La Cruz in July?
If you're after warm, sunny skies and beautiful beaches to relax on in the summer, then head to the popular Canary Island of Tenerife. You'll find the Puerto de La Cruz weather in July is perfect for lounging at the beach or by the pool and you can soak up the marvellous temperatures at this Atlantic paradise.
Puerto de La Cruz is on the northern coast of Tenerife, which is one of the most westerly Canary Islands. It's at the base of the wonderful La Orotava valley, which means it gets slightly less rain and a bit more sunshine than other towns along the northern shores. Resorts in the north have a marginally cooler and wetter climate to those in the south. This is because the wind and rain that can sometimes affect Tenerife, reaches the island from a northerly direction.
The weather in Puerto de La Cruz in July produces an average temperature of 29°C. Very often, this can go over 30°C and shouldn't fall below 20°C on the slightly cooler days. Rainfall is extremely low in July, at just 2mm, and it's rare to have more than a couple of days that see any rain. The sunshine levels are amazing during the month. Along with June and August, Puerto de La Cruz sees around 13 hours each day with the sun not setting until just after 9pm. The humidity level is 82% and wind speed is 13mph on average. The UV index is high so take care when you're sunbathing or exploring the island.


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Theodor Schieffer (* 11. Juni oder 11. Juli 1910 in Bad Godesberg; † 9. April 1992 ebenda) war ein deutscher Historiker und Diplomatiker, der die Geschichte des frühen und hohen Mittelalters erforschte. Er bekleidete Lehrstühle für Mittelalterliche Geschichte an den Universitäten Mainz (1951–1954) und Köln (1954–1975). Schieffer gehörte als Urkundeneditor zu den bedeutendsten Diplomatikern in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts.

Leben und Wirken

Theodor Schieffer, Sohn eines Volksschulrektors und späteren Stadtschulrates, studierte von 1929 bis 1935 Geschichte, Romanistik und Klassische Philologie in Bonn, Berlin und Paris. In Bonn wurde er Mitglied des K.St.V Arminia und in Berlin des K.St.V. Semnonia im Kartellverband. Anschließend wurde er 1934 bei Wilhelm Levison promoviert über das Thema: "Die päpstlichen Legaten in Frankreich vom Vertrage von Meersen (870) bis zum Schisma von 1130". 1935 wurde er Mitarbeiter der Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH). Von deren Präsidenten Paul Fridolin Kehr und seinem Nachfolger Edmund E. Stengel wurden ihm die selbstständige Bearbeitung der Diplomata Lothars I., Lothars II., Zwentibolds, Ludwigs des Kindes und der burgundischen Könige übertragen; aus dieser Beschäftigung ging 1942 seine Habilitationsschrift "Das Urkundenwesen der Könige von Burgund" hervor. Er wechselte in den Archivdienst, da er eine kritische Haltung gegenüber dem Nationalsozialismus hatte. Um eine beschleunigte Verbeamtung nach dem Ende der Archivarausbildung zu erreichen, beugte sich Schieffer und trat zum 1. Dezember 1939 in die NSDAP ein (Mitgliedsnummer 7.280.318). 1939 legte er die Archivprüfung ab und wurde Staatsarchivassessor am Geheimen Staatsarchiv, 1942 dort Staatsarchivrat. Vom Sommer 1940 bis Anfang 1942 gehörte er der Archivschutzkommission in Paris an und leitete umfangreiche Verfilmungsmaßnahmen in nordfranzösischen und belgischen Archiven. 1942 heiratete Schieffer in Berlin. Aus der Ehe stammten zwei Töchter und ein Sohn. Sein 1947 geborener Sohn Rudolf Schieffer war von 1994 bis 2012 Präsident der Monumenta Germaniae Historica.

Nach dem Krieg stand einer Universitätslaufbahn nichts mehr im Wege und so wurde er 1946 zunächst Dozent mit dem Titel eines außerplanmäßigen Professors an der neugegründeten Universität Mainz, 1951 wurde er dort ordentlicher Professor. Einen zwischenzeitlichen Ruf auf den Münchener Lehrstuhl von Rudolf von Heckel lehnte er ab. Als Nachfolger von Gerhard Kallen wechselte er 1954 auf den Lehrstuhl für Mittlere und Neuere Geschichte sowie Geschichtliche Hilfswissenschaften nach Köln. Dort lehrte er bis zu seiner Emeritierung 1975. Eine Berufung nach Wien lehnte er ab. Zu Schieffers akademischen Schülern gehörten unter anderem Egon Boshof, Ludwig Falkenstein, Hermann Jakobs, Hans Heinrich Kaminsky und Josef Semmler.

Von 1952 bis 1955 war er Präsident der Gesellschaft für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte. Er wurde 1956 Mitglied der Zentraldirektion der Monumenta Germaniae Historica in München, ebenso 1957 in der Historischen Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und 1964 dann auch in der Rheinisch-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und ebenfalls 1964 als korrespondierendes Mitglied der Göttinger Akademie der Wissenschaften und seit 1969 als ordentliches Mitglied. Schieffer war von 1968 bis 1974 Mitherausgeber der Historischen Zeitschrift. Seinem eigenen Wunsch entsprechend erhielt Schieffer keine Festschrift. Am 9. April 1992 ist Schieffer in seiner Geburtsstadt Bad Godesberg gestorben. Nach seinem Tod erschien eine kleine von der MGH herausgegebene Gedenkschrift. Nach dem Tod seines Sohnes wurde sein wissenschaftlicher Nachlass dem Archiv der MGH übergeben.

Schieffer veröffentlichte 1954 zum 1200. Gedenktag von Bonifatius die bahnbrechende Studie Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas. Dabei vermied Schieffer eine Heroisierung des angelsächsischen Missionars und stellte nüchtern fest: "Der Heidenprediger, der Bistums- und Klostergründer, der Märtyrer ist nicht zu lösen von dem autoritätsgläubigen, scheinbar schwunglosen, ängstlich-kleinlichen, unselbständigen, ja engherzigen Repräsentanten der römischen Amtskirche". Auf einem Vortrag bei den Bonifatius-Feierlichkeiten in Mainz im Juni 1954 zeichnete Schieffer ein schnörkelloses Bild des Missionars. Für Bonifatius lehnte Schieffer den Titel "Apostel der Deutschen" ab. Vielmehr wurde Bonifatius zum Architekten des christlichen Europas im Sinne des Abendlandes umgedeutet. Doch auch für Schieffer war Bonifatius "ein bahnbrechender Mitbegründer unseres Kulturkreises". Für die von Peter Rassow herausgegebene Darstellung "Deutsche Geschichte im Überblick" verfasste Schieffer den Beitrag über "Das Zeitalter der Salier 1024–1125".

Schriften (Auswahl)
 Winfrid-Bonifatius und die christliche Grundlegung Europas. Herder, Freiburg 1954.
 Angelsachsen und Franken. Zwei Studien zur Kirchengeschichte des 8. Jahrhunderts (= Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur. Geistes- und sozialwissenschaftliche Klasse. Jahrgang 1950, Band 20). Verlag der Wissenschaften und der Literatur in Mainz (in Kommission bei Franz Steiner Verlag, Wiesbaden), Wiesbaden 1951.

Literatur
 Heinrich Appelt: Nachruf Theodor Schieffer. In: Deutsches Archiv für Erforschung des Mittelalters. Bd. 48, 1992, S. 417–419. (Digitalisat).
 Josef Fleckenstein: Nachruf auf Theodor Schieffer 11. Juli 1910 – 09. April 1992. In: Jahrbuch der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, 1992, S. 253–263. (online; PDF; 832 kB).
 Horst Fuhrmann: Zeitenthobene Geschichte. Historiograph und Urkundenforscher vor Flammenhorizonten: Zum Tode des Mediävisten Theodor Schieffer. In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 11. April 1992, S. 30.
 Rolf Große: Theodor Schieffer. Ein rheinischer Historiker und seine "Begegnung mit der romanisch-französischen Welt". In: Ulrich Pfeil (Hrsg.): Das Deutsche Historische Institut Paris und seine Gründungsväter. Ein personengeschichtlicher Ansatz (= Pariser historische Studien. Bd. 86). Oldenbourg, München 2007, S. 119–137. (Digitalisat).
 Hermann Jakobs: Theodor Schieffer (1910–1992). Ein Gelehrtenleben im 20. Jahrhundert. In: Historisches Jahrbuch. Bd. 113, 1993, S. 1–20.
 Erich Meuthen: Nekrolog. Theodor Schieffer 11.VII.1910 – 9.VI.1992. In: Historische Zeitschrift. Bd. 256, 1993, S. 241–248.
 Erich Meuthen: Nachruf auf Theodor Schieffer. In: Rheinisch-Westfälische Akademie der Wissenschaften Jahrbuch 1992. Opladen 1992, S. 45–49.

 Heribert Müller: Theodor Schieffer. * 11.7.1910 † 9.4.1992 [Nachruf]. In: Geschichte in Köln. Bd. 31, 1992, S. 117–127.
 Heribert Müller: Dem Gedenken an Theodor Schieffer (1910–1992). In: Archiv für mittelrheinische Kirchengeschichte. Bd. 44, 1992, S. 487–492.
 .

Weblinks

 Mitarbeiter bei der Monumenta Germaniae Historica (MGH) München
 Theo Kölzer: Theodor Schieffer, in: Portal Rheinische Geschichte. Persönlichkeiten, hrsg. vom Landschaftsverband Rheinland

Anmerkungen

Mittelalterhistoriker
Diplomatiker
Kirchenhistoriker
Hochschullehrer (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz)
Hochschullehrer (Universität zu Köln)
Korporierter im KV
Mitglied der Nordrhein-Westfälischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
Mitglied der Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen
NSDAP-Mitglied
Deutscher
Geboren 1910
Gestorben 1992
Mann

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Welcome to the Mineralogy Society of Hong Kong !
If you are fascinated by the symmetry and beauty of naturally occurring crystals, or by the details of their formation over geological ages, then you will find like-minded people in our Society. We use both English and Chinese as languages of communication, and most of our material is bilingual.
Members' Meetings are held on the second Thursday of the month (unless it is a public holiday) at 7 pm at the Boys' and Girls' Clubs Association, 3 Lockhart Road, Wanchai, and visitors are warmly welcome. We also organise various field trips, both in Hong Kong and further afield, and the annual Hong Kong Mineral Fair.


Sourcon Padena will take part at ABIM 2017 - Annual Biocontrol Industry Meeting to be held in Basel on October 23-25.
At Stand 23 - Hall Sydney, SP Sourcon Padena will present its innovative product: Proradix, a bio fungicide for soil disease control. Participation will be held together with the Italian company of the Group, Green Ravenna, which will present its products EKOprop, a product line based on microorganisms, and its products dedicated to the foreign market.
We are waiting for you at our stand!


The holiday season is a busy time for shippers and carriers due to higher consumer demand of food/beverage, electronics and e-commerce products. Additional opportunities paired with limited shipping and receiving hours creates a surplus of loads being parked and stored while awaiting delivery. Make sure you're aware of common factors that can increase your risk of being targeted.
The majority of cargo theft occurs when trailers are unattended in unsecured yards, parking lots etc.
Many shippers and receivers have limited holiday hours, creating more time and opportunities for your load to be unattended; know your transit times and how long your freight is parked.
If there is too much idle time, contact your logistics partner to see if there are better transit options available.
2) Are You at Risk?
Topping the list of most targeted commodities are food and beverage, electronics and apparel.
Retailers and grocery stores are stocking up for the holiday rush, meaning more loads and higher risk for cargo owners.
Commodity isn't the only factor to be aware of; cargo threats are more prone to occur in major metropolitan areas.
3) What Happens if you become a victim of cargo theft?
The industry standard for carrier's liability insurance is a minimum of $100,000, often times however it excludes theft by a third party and only pays out if the carrier's negligence is found to be the cause of the theft. Proving this will require a trip to court for litigation and could leave you in a financial hole after attorney and court fees are paid.
Is your freight insured by your company? In most cases it is not. A per load 'all risk policy' is an inexpensive way to protect your company in the event of cargo theft. Starting for as little as $25 and typically not exceeding $100, you can purchase a per load policy that will cover the cost of your goods if stolen.
Take an opportunity to review your company's protocol when loading a truck and sending it out for delivery. There are simple inexpensive measures that can be taken that will deter criminals from targeting your goods.
Take a picture of the MC# on the side of the truck to make sure it matches the MC# on your paperwork. If it doesn't, contact your logistics provider, vendor, or carrier immediately.
Make sure drivers entering your facility have signed in.
Take a photo copy of their driver's license – does the signature match your sign in sheet?
Security cameras monitoring who is entering and leaving your facility are becoming common in warehouse settings and are a deterrent to predators.


Pictured: Irene Diaz performs at BMI's "Like A Girl" Latin Music Showcase at The Departure Lounge during SXSW on March 19, 2015, in Austin, TX.
When: May 12, 2015, 12:30 - 4:30 p.m.
When: April 29, May 27, 2015, 12:00 - 1:00 PM.


text:
RISING STAR STAUNTON PENS PROFESSIONAL CONTRACT
Bradford City are delighted to announce the signing of rising star Reece Staunton, who has put pen to paper on a professional contract which will keep him at the Utilita Energy Stadium until at least the end of the 2021/22 season.
The 18-year-old has spent several years developing within City's academy ranks, having been initially signed as an under-11s junior.
The Irish youth international, currently on loan at neighbouring Bradford Park Avenue, has already made four first-team appearances.
He made his debut back in 2017 and became the youngest player to ever feature in claret and amber - aged 15 years and 332 days.
Staunton said: "After a number of years of hard work, I am absolutely delighted to have signed a professional contract with my hometown club.
"It means a huge amount to me and I am excited about what the future holds.
"I want to finish this season on a high and then kick on. Having had a taste of first-team football, I am determined to try and push towards a place in the main squad.
"Danny Devine has come through the ranks here and made over 50 appearances at first-team level. I would love to follow in his footsteps.
"Next season - and throughout pre-season - I will have the opportunity to work with the main squad and I feel it will only benefit me as a player.
"This season has been great. At under-18s level, we are preparing for our fourth-round FA Youth Cup game against Chelsea and are progressing well in the league.
"Bradford City is keen to promote young talent and I will be looking to repay the club's faith next season and beyond."
Bantams boss Gary Bowyer is pleased to have secured Staunton's services, insisting the former Ossett United loanee has a big future.
"We are delighted to get the deal over the line, it is important for us to be producing our own and this club has a history of doing so," he added.
"It is great Reece has accepted our offer and we are thrilled to have him tied down. The hard work starts now, as he looks to push forward.
"When I first arrived at the club, the academy staff rightly identified Reece as a player, along with a few others, who could potentially break into the first team.
"We have had a plan for him since then. He has been out to the non leagues and has worked his way through the pyramid, firstly with Ossett United and, more recently, Bradford Park Avenue.
"The sooner a young player can be subjected to men's football, the better. It is massive for their development and we can already see the benefits.
"Over the years, I have seen the impact academies can have. It is something which means a great deal to supporters, as they love to see their own out there representing the club.
"Reece now has some security, for the next couple of years, and I am sure he will take his opportunity with both hands."
MATCHDAY GUIDE: CITY v SCUNTHORPE


Target species: Thousands of geese (White-fronted, Bean, Pink-footed, Lesser White-fronted, Barnacle, Brent, etc.); various duck species (Velvet Scoter, Black Scoter, Goosander, Smew, Long-tailed duck, Pochard, etc.); Black and Red-throated Divers; gulls (Greater and Lesser Black-backed, Caspian, Little, etc.); waders (Ruff, Black-tailed Godwit, Redshank, Spotted Redshank, Marsh Sandpiper, Curlew, Whimbrel etc.); Lesser and Greater-spotted Eagles, White-tailed Eagle, Montagu's Harrier, Citrine Wagtail.


text:
Nick Cannon's baby son dies of cancer
Nick Cannon's five-month-old son has died of brain cancer.
During the opening of The Nick Cannon Show on Tuesday, the TV host announced that his son with model Alyssa Scott had passed away on Sunday night.
In an emotional speech, Nick explained that Zen had recently been diagnosed with hydrocephalus, or a build-up of fluid in the brain, as well as a malignant tumour.
"I always noticed he had a cough and so I wanted to check it out. He had this real interesting breathing and by the time he was two months old, I noticed he had this nice sized head too - I called it a Cannon head... We didn't think anything of it. But I really wanted to take him to the doctor for his sinus and breathing. We thought it would be a routine process," he recalled.
Sadly, Zen's condition took a turn for the worse around Thanksgiving last month, with doctors inserting a shunt to drain the fluid during surgery.
"Ultimately, it was cancer in the brain and the tumour began to grow a lot faster. And so, we knew that time was...," the 41-year-old continued, becoming visibly emotional. "This weekend, I made a valid effort to spend the most quality time I could spend with Zen. We woke up on Sunday - I got to spend the weekend with him - and I woke up on Sunday and was like, 'I feel like I want to go to the water.' We got a chance to go to the ocean."
The star went on to share that he held his son for "the last time" on Sunday.
And while he is very much in the grieving process, he was determined to show up for work this week.
"This is a beautiful show dedicated to my son," he added. "You never know what someone is going through. Hug your family. Kiss somebody. Tell them you love them."
Cannon also shares 10-year-old twins Moroccan and Monroe with ex-wife Mariah Carey, four-year-old son Golden and 12-month-old daughter Powerful Queen with ex-girlfriend Brittany Bell, as well as five-month-old twins Zion and Zillion with Abby De La Rosa.
Wall Street ends lower amid rising oil prices
US stocks reversed course in Wednesday's trading session, ending lower for the second day amid rising oil prices and fears that the Federal Reserve will have to move more aggressively to contain inflation.
Crest Nicholson swings to profit, but sees cladding bill rise
The housebuilder posted pre-tax profits of £86.9 million for the year to October 31, 2021, against losses of £13.5 million the previous year.
Can the Shell share price keep pushing higher?
This Fool explains why rising oil prices could help guarantee the future of the Shell share price as the company continues to grow. The post Can the Shell share price keep pushing higher? appeared first on The Motley Fool UK.
Burberry sales rise on robust demand in Asia and Europe
Burberry's shares have managed a gain of just 1% over the last year, as compared to a hike of almost 13% for the wider FTSE100.


I have table field of type DateTime with allow null in SQL server database. In entity framework , I need to check if the datetime field has null or not.
What is the correct way to check if datetime has null value?
Use model.myDate.HasValue. It will return true if date is not null otherwise false.


text:
Minister declares indigenous trees "champion trees"
1 Comment on Minister declares indigenous trees "champion trees"
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Minister Tina Joemat-Pettersson has declared three indigenous trees "champion trees".
During every Arbor Week, which is celebrated annually from 1 to 7 September, two or three trees are placed under protection. The trees are selected from commonly found trees species and rare tree species.
Barringtonia racemosa, which is commonly known as Powder-puff tree in English, poeierkwasboom in Afrikaans and iBhoqo in isiZulu; Grewia occidentalis, which is commonly known as Cross-berry in English, kruisbessie in Afrikaans, Mokukutu in Setswana, Mogwane in Sepedi and Ilalanyathi in isiZulu and Virgilia oroboides, which is commonly known as Common wild elder, blossom tree in English and keurboom in Afrikaans have been declared protected trees.
Ministerial spokesperson Palesa Mokomele said the minister's declaration means that the trees are now protected and that no person may cut, disturb, damage or destroy any of them or possess, collect, remove, transport, export or purchase.
Mokomele said the protected trees cannot be sold, donated or in any other manner acquired or dispose of, except under a licence granted by the minister or in terms of an exemption from the provisions of a subsection published by the minister in the Gazette.
She said the contravention of the declaration is regarded as a first category offence that may result in a person, who is found guilty, being sentenced to a fine or imprisonment for a period of up to three years or both a fine and imprisonment.
Speaking during the launch of Arbor Week in Hammarsdale, KwaZulu-Natal on Tuesday, Joemat-Pettersson announced that in 2015, eThekwini District Municipality will host the will host the XIV World Forestry Congress.
South Africa was awarded the right to host this congress in 2010. The right was granted by the Food and Agriculture Organisation, FAO.
"It will be the first forestry congress held on African soil since its inception in 1926 in Rome. The benefits of this congress for the country are numerous. The focus of this year's event was the forestry sector's contribution to food security."
Minister Joemat-Pettersson thanked Total South Africa for assisting the department with planting 2 000 trees in Hammarsdale; 500 trees from the total number will be planted at local schools as part of their food gardens. Indigenous trees are a heritage to society.
This year, Arbor Week is celebrated under the theme 'Our Forests – Our Future'. The focus of this year's Arbor Week is greening of the country for environmental conservation and development. – SAnews.gov.za
← Take a look at this beauty in my garden! → The 7 Passes Swop Shop 2.0
One reply on "Minister declares indigenous trees "champion trees""
Wally Mennesays:
The first part of this article is nonsense.
There is no legal connection between trees of the year, and specially protected trees.
In any event the propaganda being put out by DAFF about protecting indigenous trees seems intended to distract attention from the ecological damage being done by the huge plantations of invasive alien trees that the department continues to promote.
As for the World Forestry Congress coming to Durban in 2015, it must surely be a cruel joke to infer that the "forestry sector's contribution to food security" is to be the "focus of this year's event".
In reality it is the conversion to timber plantations of large parts of our best agricultural land that is undermining food security in this country and the world.
Please check out http://www.timberwatch.org for more information on this issue.
Wally Menne
plantnet@iafrica.com


Going to StencilGirl & Friends at Ephemera Paducah, taking workshops with Seth Apter, Traci Bautista, Pam Carriker, and Mary Beth Shaw!
Releasing new stencil designs at StencilGirl Products!
Teaching in Hacking The Color Wheel: Art Journaling for Creative Rebels!
Participating in Rae Missigman's Art Marks Summer Challenge!
Spending the weekend At the Improv with Mary Beth Shaw and Seth Apter co-teaching together again!
And designing the August 2017 StencilClub stencils for StencilGirl Products!
And of course, being Blog/Social Media Coordinator for StencilGirl Products was a huge highlight of 2017!
It's such fun connecting with other creatives and sharing inspiration!
So happy our paths crossed - and more than once - in 2017!


The holiday season is upon us and holiday travel is ramping up to its all too familiar zone of complete and utter chaos. You have family to see, good food to eat, presents to open, parties to party, and air miles to collect. Holidays throughout the year generally see increases in travel when compared to non-holiday travel. Christmas and New Year are debatably the busiest times to travel, hence most likely being the worst times to travel. Travel tips on USAtoday.com1 call out Christmas and New Year as the busiest travel time of year.
Analyzing a report from AAA concluded there'd be a projected 93 million travelers during this time. Airlines and Hospitality agencies see a 23% spike during the holiday season. Holiday travel can be extremely frustrating and stressful. Lines tend to be far longer than any other time of the year. When catching a flight, you have to make sure to be there extra early to account for the extra traffic you undoubtedly will encounter. TSA is a lot slower and you can expect an increase in prices across the board.
Unfortunately, not going to see Grandma and Grand Pa and partaking in your aunt's favorite rum fruit cake isn't an option, so it's time to start looking for tickets and buying some presents. Funds tend to get tight during the holidays and consumers can use as many money saving tips and cash back rewards as possible. Credit Cards with rewards programs will be your life saver during the holidays. According to Creditcards.com2, cash back, points and travel rewards cards are on the rise. Since 2012, rewards cards have made up over half of the new accounts opened by Americans.3 The credit card scene is rapidly changing and being shaped by the demand to get more for your hard earned money. In the first quarter of 2007, rewards cards saw transactions upward to $580 billion.
By the first quarter of 2014, the number of transactions has increased to $1.15 trillion, while spending on non-rewards cards decreased by 32%. The logic makes perfect sense, no pun intended. As consumers, we are going to spend money and a large amount of it over the holidays. Why not get something back for spending that money? Using the cards early on in the year will help you accumulate points by the end of the year, so you can use those rewards to help with funding your holiday travel. Some cards have fees associated with being a member, but the reward savings generally more than make up what you'd pay in fees.
Here are a few great travel rewards credit cards you need this holiday season.
If you don't already have the American Express Platinum Card, you are missing out on a number of benefits this holiday season. According to a review of the card on Thepointsguy.com4, the Platinum card offers $200 in annual airline rebates. When we arrive to our destinations, getting around is obviously high on our priority list. American Express offers up to $200 in Uber credit, which if you've traveled recently and had to use shared ride services, you are very familiar with the cost that could derive from it. If you're looking for something nice for a loved one this holiday season, the platinum card also offers a $100 credit to Saks Fifth Ave. An incentive we don't see very often is the ability to use your membership points with any of the twenty eligible airline and hotel partners. Very importantly, for you international travelers, there are no foreign transaction fees. This is a hard card to beat when it comes to comparing the benefits.
According to Usnews.com5 review of the Chase Sapphire Preferred card, there are a number of great benefits to consider. They have a one to one point transfers system to up to twelve different travel partners, giving the consumer options. For those unforeseen circumstances that could derail a well-planned trip and end up causing the traveler more money than they'd like to part with, they offer trip cancellation coverage. If you don't want to get around in an Uber or Lyft anytime you need to go somewhere, you're going to need to get a rental car. You may not want to use your own insurance on the car or you may not want to pay for the rental agency provided insurance. Great news for Chase Sapphire members is the members are offered Car Rental insurance as well. Traveling internationally and utilizing your card will not carry any foreign transaction fees. Best of all, there are no annual fees in the first year.
There are many great reasons to own the Capital One Venture Card according to thepointsguy.com6, who's reviewed many travel cards to keep you well informed when making final decisions. A few of those amazing benefits include the ability to fly on any airline without being handcuffed by blackout dates. There is no limit to the amount of miles you are able to earn as a member. Better yet, the miles you do earn over time will never expire. And once again, you can travel internationally comfortably knowing you will not be charged a foreign transaction fee.
According to Valuepenguin.com7, the Hilton Honors Ascend card will give members up to $250 in airline credits for incidental fees. You are also provided with a priority pass at certain airports, which means you'll get to board the plane first and get situated prior to the remaining passengers boarding the plane. You will also get the benefits of traveling internationally and not being dinged for foreign transaction fees. Though this card has an annual fee, the benefits will outweigh the annual fee for the card.
Don't wait till the holiday and travel seasons are over to take advantage of being a member of one of these amazing travel rewards cards.
Autumn came to us really wanting to break away from the politics that came with working for major news sites. She leads our positive story writers in creating the best, engaging stories out there. She is an enthusiast of all things from the roaring twenties.


It is the biggest challenge to financial services providers today and one they cannot afford to ignore: how to deliver a truly omnichannel approach to customer service.
They face a combination of heightened consumer expectations of consistent service across all touchpoints and the threat posed by the 'challenger' banks and Open Banking.
The Financial Conduct Authority's Mortgage Market Review is also examining whether better technology can help consumers, including greater use of digital channels to deliver information and advice.
It is perhaps unsurprising, then, that digital transformation was one of the key topics at the Building Societies Annual Conference in London last month.
Delegates were told they had to target the whole customer journey with a clearly defined digital vision from start to finish, and an open and API orientated platform architecture.
Digitally savvy consumers now used to conducting transactions for most things online rightly expect to be able to arrange a loan, mortgage or insurance, set up a new bank account, or manage an existing account via their mobile phone or tablet – and to be able to switch between devices. Call centres and in branch visits will increasingly be used only when the online approach does not work.
Integrating digital and physical channels into a single, seamless experience for the consumer brings many benefits. It enables analysis of customer activity to target suitable products and services, which will aid client retention and ultimately help the bottom line.
So why are so many providers still playing catch-up with digital transformation?
The sector has seen huge changes in the decade since the financial crash; from the UK's six largest banking groups having an 89% share of the current account market to a new age with much less brand loyalty and the new breed of 'challenger' banks largely targeting niche services.
Many banks and building societies are having to replace legacy IT systems and restructure their business model to transfer resources from traditional bricks and mortar to online platforms, while facing greatly increased regulation and profitability pressures.
Numerous smaller FS providers with a limited budget and limited space on their boards are having difficulty finding the talent needed to guide them through the digital transformation process.
However, executive search consultancy HW has long established relationships with highly experienced digital transformation specialists from the financial services and online retail sectors who offer advisory services as consultants or non-executive directors and we can put you in touch with them.
Rob McWilliam has 25 years of experience in finance, strategy and digital leadership, with most recent positions including Vice President for Amazon UK and Finance Director at Asda Stores Ltd. He is currently building a portfolio of non-executive and advisory interests including digital advisory services across the retail and financial services sectors.
Rob said: "Digital has become an extremely broad topic, ranging from data analytics to artificial intelligence to cyber security.
"Having digital expertise in the executive team is a necessary condition for successful transformation, but it's not always sufficient. External advisors and/or NEDs can bring real-time insight on innovation from other sectors that are, in some cases, innovating faster than financial services.
"Innovation rarely happens in a 'light bulb moment' but benefits from the widest possible stimulus and an open mindset, something that digital advisors can help create.
"Boards should be very clear about their most relevant digital gaps, and select digital board members or advisors who bring subject matter expertise in these fields. This might involve having multiple experts, leading some organisations to create multi-discipline advisory boards rather than appointing digital NEDs.
Mark Stevens, Managing Director (Consumer Credit Division) at Provident Financial, said the recent appointment of two digital NEDs to its Board had proved 'invaluable'.
He said: "Being digital is not something that is simply the day job of a handful of people in IT, marketing, and operations, but needs to be part of the core skill-set of the entire organisation – now, not in the future.
HW is currently working with a number of clients to offer strategic advice and identify the digital expertise they need – please contact me for an informal discussion about your requirements if this is of interest to you.
Pascale Gara is a Consultant in the Chair & NED Practice at HW. Contact her at pascaleg@hitchenorwakeford.com or +44 (0) 781 258 2486 for a confidential discussion.


Ditto is an alien in Stick 10.
Ditto is the size of a young child, about as tall as Young Ben. He has three fins on his head, and two whiskers on each cheek. He wears a green suit with a black belt with three green bulbs on it. He has long arms and short legs.
Young Ditto looks about the same as Teen Ditto, except he wears black and white instead of black and green.
In EMS, Ditto is a lazy slob who sits on a chair.
He has the ability to clone himself. Each clone has it's own free will, and are connected to each other. For example, if one feels pain, the other clones also feel the same pain.
He is NOT a humanoid cat. Get it right, Planet.


text:
Q: ASCII char set in Java The problem is in cracking code Interview: implement an algorithm to determine if a string has all unique characters. And here is the solution:
public class ASCII {
public static boolean isUnique (String str) {
    boolean[] charSet = new boolean[256];
    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
        int val = str.charAt(i);
        if (charSet[val]) {
            return false;
        }
        charSet[val] = true;
    }
    return true;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
    String[] words = {"abcde", "hello"};
    for (String word : words) {
        System.out.println(word + ":" + isUnique(word));
    }
}
}

I have a very basic question that why creating the charSet with the length 256? Because based on ASCII chart, (http://www.techonthenet.com/ascii/chart.php), I was thinking we need only 127 numbers to express all the characters. Thanks!

A: Because there's extended ASCII
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_ASCII
The 128-255 codes encode culture specific chars.
And if you want to account for all Unicode values, you should do:
boolean[] charSet = new boolean[Character.MAX_VALUE + 1];

instead of what you currently do.

A: This solution is incorrect. Java String may use 65536 characters. The interview question does not say about ASCII

A: I was working on this question as well and had the same question. Here is the solution
    if (str.length() > 128) {
        return false;
    }

    boolean[] char_set = new boolean[128];
    for (int i = 0; i < str.length(); i++) {
        int val = str.charAt(i);
        if (char_set[val]) return false;
        char_set[val] = true;
    }
    return true;
}


text:
<?php
namespace Aliyun\OTS\Handlers;

use Aliyun\OTS;

class ErrorHandler
{
    private function logOTSServerException(RequestContext $context, \Aliyun\OTS\OTSServerException $exception)
    {
        $errorLogger = $context->clientConfig->errorLogHandler;

        if ($errorLogger != null) {
            $errorLogger((string)$exception);
        }
    }

    public function handleBefore(RequestContext $context)
    {
        // empty
    }

    public function handleAfter(RequestContext $context)
    {
        if ($context->responseHttpStatus >= 200 && $context->responseHttpStatus < 300) {
            return;
        }

        $error = new \ErrorResult();
        $errorCode = null;
        $errorMessage = null;

        try {
            $error->ParseFromString($context->responseBody);
            $errorCode = $error->code();
            $errorMessage = $error->message();
        } catch (\Exception $e) {

            // Sometimes the response body is not a valid Error PB Message,
            // in this case the user should get informed with http status
            $exception = new \Aliyun\OTS\OTSServerException($context->apiName, $context->responseHttpStatus);
            $this->logOTSServerException($context, $exception);
            $context->otsServerException = $exception;
            return;
        }

        $requestId = null;
        if (isset($context->responseHeaders['x-ots-requestid'])) {
            $requestId = $context->responseHeaders['x-ots-requestid'];
        }

        $exception = new \Aliyun\OTS\OTSServerException(
            $context->apiName, $context->responseHttpStatus,
            $errorCode, $errorMessage, $requestId);
        $this->logOTSServerException($context, $exception);
        $context->otsServerException = $exception;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Last week as many of you will know was International Women's Day #IWD16. A great day for women all around the globe to focus on ourselves as women, our achievements, our accomplishments and on the way still to go. On this day I was lucky enough to be working with an amazing group of women considering our bold steps…….
The numbers of people didn't bother me, I love groups, it's where I feel comfortable, the more the merrier as they say. It was the 20 minutes that I was a bit more unsure about – 3 hours no problem, a day or two much better, but 20 minutes? Added to which we were going to be doing this in a church (seat layout, acoustics etc all very much not my idea of a perfect venue) and there would most definitely be children! The "take your children" ethos is what makes this networking group special and different. And it works, I'm a regular, although have to confess I left my son at nursery on this particular day.
So before the day had even begun I was feeling a bit bonkers, rather brave and decided to boldly grab the challenge and see what happened.
In actual fact, if I'm really honest it was using a microphone that terrified me the most. Take a large echoey church with a lot of people and you do kind of need it. But this was a first for me, I like to wave my hands around, I have bits of card to play with, how was a hand held mic going to help…..
Actually it all turned out rather well. I ended up loving the mic – there's a strange attraction to having your voice amplified above everyone else's! We worked in and around the rows of seats in the church and were creative with our space. I proudly employed some facilitation techniques to work with rather than against the short time span and came up with a workshop that (if you like to know about these things) was a Focused Conversation done in a Scrum facilitation (the standing up speedy bit) meets World Cafe Style (the moving around and sharing bit) style. We did a couple of stand up rapid brainstorms which involved moving and changing groups, followed by a decisional level creation of bold steps.
What does the word "bold" mean to you?
What does it feel like to be bold?
What is a bold next step that you would like to take in your business?
The last question, the creation of the bold steps was what I really wanted people to take away from the workshop. We all wrote our ideas on foot shapes and arranged them in a spiral. This is a shape that denotes growth and evolution, shows how we want to move forward and keep expanding, is dynamic and can continue infinitely. And it was inspiring to watch the collaboration as everyone created the spiral together.
Some of these ideas were specific and practical and some were more related to personal and business development. But they each denoted a step forward, something bold that we want to do to get further along. And as we all know, we need goals to give us direction and focus and whether those steps towards those goals are giant leaps or tiny baby steps they are all part of our movement and development. It's great to see we have so many aspirations, desires and ideas to keep going and keep improving. Which is a large part of what International Women's Day is about.
And what was my bold step? Well mine was to write an e-book, so watch this space!
What are your bold steps?
If they are about doing workshops, then please give me a shout…..


text:
Uttrakhand News
Uttarakhand Blog
Rain in the plains districts.
manisha raturi January 4, 2021 0
Due to the activation of western disturbances in Uttarakhand, the weather has changed its mood. Many plains were cloudy on Sunday and there was light rain.
The mountainous districts of Garhwal and Kumaon, including Kedarnath and Badaridham, received snowfall, intensifying the cold wave. According to the Meteorological Department, there are chances of rain, snowfall, hail and lightning on Monday and Tuesday.
According to the State Meteorological Center, there is a possibility of snowfall and moderate rainfall in areas with height of 2500 meters or more in the state. Whereas, the weather may be worse at some places in the Garhwal region. Hail or lightning may fall in it.
The weather will be cool for two-three days:
Bikram Singh, director of the Meteorological Center, said that the weather will be cool for two-three days. The weather will be worse in the Garhwal region on Monday.
Up to five feet of snow in areas bordering China:
In Kumaon, up to five feet of snow has fallen in Jollycong, Kuti, Kalapani and Lipulekh, bordering China. Snowfall in the high-altitude areas of Pithoragarh and Bageshwar district has increased the cold all over Kumaon.
Almora recorded a minimum temperature of minus one, Nainital one, Bageshwar zero and Kapkot the minimum temperature below zero. It is a matter of relief that this rain has extinguished the blazing fire in the forests of Pithoragarh, Bageshwar and Almora districts.
#No. 1 Recommended


I am interested in the evolution of animal cognition, communication systems, and mate choice. I am particularly fascinated by the individual variation in cognitive abilities in birds and how these abilities impact their mating and reproductive success.
My research on cognition and mate choice in budgies is featured in Las Cruces Sun News!
Marcelo's great convergent research with hummingbirds also featured in the article.
Report barn swallow nests today and help with this research!


text:
Aaron McKenna: Calls for rent controls are blatantly stupid
Proposing a simplistic solution to arbitrarily attempt to solve one facet of Ireland's housing problem is just bad policymaking, writes Aaron McKenna.
By Aaron McKenna Saturday 4 Jan 2014, 8:00 AM
Jan 4th 2014, 8:00 AM 61 Views 62 Comments
Aaron McKenna
THE MINISTER OF State for Housing, Labour's Jan O'Sullivan, has called for rent price controls linked to the consumer price index (CPI) during a recent interview with the Irish Examiner. Average rents have come up by almost five per cent year on year, as of Q3 data, and in Dublin they've come up by 7.6 per cent.
This is, naturally, worrying for renters. What ought to be worrying to renters and buyers alike is that the Minister with responsibility for looking after this area might come out with such an ill-conceived and stupid policy proposal to fix the problem.
There are three fairly simple reasons why rent controls, and in particular those linked to the CPI, are a terrible idea.
CPI-linked rents would have been higher
Firstly, had Jan O'Sullivan or any of her highly paid advisors bothered to check the Central Statistics Office data they would have noted that had rents been linked to the CPI in the past, they would presently be 20 per cent higher than they are. As the UCC economist Seamus Coffey points out on his excellent blog, rents are now indexed at about 2003 levels while the CPI is substantially higher.
During the crash rents came down by a quarter, while the CPI came down by less than 8 per cent over the same period. If we followed Jan O'Sullivan's proscription for rent controls, renters would have been substantially worse off both during the crash and now during our relative return to growth.
Indeed, at no point since the CSO was tracking the relevant data in 2003 would rents have been anything but higher were they linked to the CPI.
'Poor planning by governments lacking courage and vision'
A second good reason to dismiss the idea, regardless of what random features of national life rents are tied to (electoral cycles, perhaps?), is neatly summed up by the left wing Swedish economist Assar Lindbeck. "Next to bombing, rent control seems in many cases to be the most efficient technique so far known for destroying cities." So says a man who, if he were Irish, would be in the Socialist rather than the Labour Party.
His fellow Swede and left wing economist Gunnar Myrdal, winner of the 1974 Nobel Prize in economics and government minister in the Social Democratic Party that today sits in the same Party of European Socialists as our own Labour Party in the EU, was similarly scathing. "Rent control has in certain Western countries constituted, maybe, the worst example of poor planning by governments lacking courage and vision."
One of our key challenges at the moment is a lack of supply in the cities, which is driving up rents at the accelerated rates versus the rest of the country. For all that we've had a massive property related crash and there are still ghost estates littering the land, we are overdue a construction spree in certain places.
Rent control strangles investment
The trouble with rent control is that it strangles investment into property, leading to Lindbeck's famous quip to his students about it being second only to bombing in its effectiveness at destroying cities. Industries that suffer government price controls are a bad place to invest your money versus those with no control; so instead of putting cash into new construction, or even the upkeep of existing buildings, investors go somewhere the return involves less red tape and meddling.
A study by Paul Niebanck in the US found that 29 per cent of rent-controlled housing in the country was in a deteriorated state, versus 8 per cent of the uncontrolled market. Joel Brenner and Herbert Franklin cited similar statistics for England and France.
"Ah," say the rent controllers in the room, "but we'll just enforce better standards!" You can, of course, do this; and there's evidence that we should do so anyway given the state of some kips up for rent in the country. But you can't force people to invest in rental property in the first place, and as private sector supply dries up in an ever more regulated and controlled market it will fall to the State to step in with more investment in building – you know, the State with a debt-to-GDP ratio north of 130 per cent, which borrows a billion a month to keep the lights on as is. Good luck.
Ruled as unconstitutional
The third and particularly Irish reason why rent controls are a bad idea is because the Supreme Court ruled our last set of rent control laws unconstitutional. Now, that's not to say that any future law would infringe on constitutional property rights; but it does show that we could waste a lot of time and effort dousing ourselves in petrol before the courts tell us we're not allowed strike the match.
There are many issues around rented housing in Ireland at the moment. Supply and demand are mismatched; accommodation standards aren't being universally upheld; and all of this is exacerbated by high unemployment, banking and negative equity issues among others.
Proposing a simplistic solution to arbitrarily try solve one facet of the problem is not good policymaking by Jan O'Sullivan or the government at large. Perhaps overwhelmed by the scale of our troubles, the political instinct is to look for a panacea. If there is one, this surely isn't it: driving investment out of rented property at a time when there's a supply shortage seems a poor policy choice.
An interconnected economy
We live in an interconnected economy. The lack of lending by our zombie banks is holding back the ability of the private sector to invest and provide more supply, which would alleviate price increases. Our ever-efficient planning process will have to kick into gear to approve projects quickly when they are on the drawing boards; though of course we should learn our lessons from the past and make sure that new developments come with proper infrastructure from the day the first families move in.
Investment requires confidence that the market will remain stable. Just as the Government and the IDA so successfully tell foreign investors that the regulatory and tax environment they're coming to is solid as a rock, Jan O'Sullivan and the government might reassure potential investors that half-baked policy ideas aren't going anywhere or likely to broadside them in future.
Aaron McKenna is a businessman and a columnist for TheJournal.ie. He is also involved in activism in his local area. You can find out more about him at aaronmckenna.com or follow him on Twitter @aaronmckenna. To read more columns by Aaron click here.
We're interested in your ideas and opinions – do you have a story you would like to see featured in Opinion & Insight? Email opinions@thejournal.ie
Read: The average monthly rent in Dublin is now over €1,000 as prices continue to rise
Read: 11 reasons renting in Ireland is the absolute worst
@AaronMcKenna
See more articles by Aaron McKenna
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text:
Q: Differentiating the line types in plotting in python I'm having trouble choosing the line types for the figure below. It looks like some kind of intricate figure. Do you have any suggestions for determining the line types?
My script below is:
fig, ax1 = plt.subplots()
ax2 = ax1.twinx()
ax2.plot(months,bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'bv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'b>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'b<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbb_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'ks-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'b^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax1.plot(months,bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'cv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax1.plot(months,bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'c>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax1.plot(months,bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'c<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax1.plot(months,bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'kp-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12)
ax1.plot(months,bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'c^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'rv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'r>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'r<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'k*-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12)
ax2.plot(months,bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'r^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'gv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'g>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'g<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
ax2.plot(months,(bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'kP-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12)
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'g^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize)
plt.title("Precipitation Perturbation")
#plt.xlabel("Month")
ax1.set_ylabel('Hydrologic States (mm)')
ax2.set_ylabel('Hydrologic Fluxes (mm/day)')
ax2.legend(["P(70%)","P(80%)","P(90%)","P(100%)","P(110%)",\
            "ET(70%)","ET(80%)","ET(90%)","ET(100%)","ET(110%)","Q(70%)","Q(80%)","Q(90%)","Q(100%)","Q(110%)"],loc='center left', bbox_to_anchor=(1.045, 0.5))
    ax1.legend(["SWE(70%)","SWE(80%)","SWE(90%)","SWE(100%)","SWE(110%)"],loc='center right', bbox_to_anchor=(-0.06, 0.5))
#plt.legend(["P","ET","Q"])
# Show the major grid lines with dark grey lines
plt.grid(b=True, which='major', color='#666666', linestyle='-',alpha=0.2)
# Show the minor grid lines with very faint and almost transparent grey lines
plt.minorticks_on()
plt.grid(b=True, which='minor', color='#999999', linestyle='-', alpha=0.2)
plt.show()

A: You can use the linestyle parameter provided with the matplotlib.axes.Axes.plot function.
The following example will use the standard built-in named formats, but you can craft your own custom linestyles.
ax2.plot(months,bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'bv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'b>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'b<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-')
ax2.plot(months,bbb_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'ks-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12,linestyle='-')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly['OUT_PREC']['mean'],'b^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-')
ax1.plot(months,bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'cv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='--')
ax1.plot(months,bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'c>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='--')
ax1.plot(months,bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'c<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='--')
ax1.plot(months,bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'kp-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12,linestyle='--')
ax1.plot(months,bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_SWE']['mean'],'c^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='--')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'rv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-.')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'r>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-.')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'r<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-.')
ax2.plot(months,bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'k*-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12,linestyle='-.')
ax2.plot(months,bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_EVAP']['mean'],'r^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle='-.')
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec070_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'gv-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle=':')
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec080_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'g>-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle=':')
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec090_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'g<-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle=':')
ax2.plot(months,(bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbb_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'kP-',alpha=0.5,markersize=12,linestyle=':')
ax2.plot(months,(bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_BASEFLOW']['mean']+bbprec110_vicoutput_monthly[' OUT_RUNOFF']['mean']),'g^-',alpha=0.5,markersize=marksize,linestyle=':')


This is the original legislation that Congress passed in 1991. It is 47 U.S.C. § 227 known as the "Telephone Consumer Protection Act or TCPA". Congress mandated that the FCC come up with rules and regulations to limit the industry. The regulations that the FCC came up with became known as C.F.R 64.1200. I have marked some sections in red which pertain to the laws used to take telemarketers to court.