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The Integration Of Mosques And Churches To Urban Planning Of
Transcript Of The Integration Of Mosques And Churches To Urban Planning Of
PLANNING MALAYSIA: Journal of the Malaysian Institute of Planners VOLUME 15 VOLUME 1 (2017), 327 - 332
THE INTEGRATION OF MOSQUES AND CHURCHES TO URBAN PLANNING OF IBADAN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
Ibraheem Mikail Abiola1
1Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA
Abstract In the face of the uncontrolled expansion of Nigerian towns and cities since independence, urban planners and other stakeholders have accepted that development policies for urban and rural areas have failed or have not worked as expected. Cities in Nigeria, especially, Ibadan have been observed to have changed in size, spatial organization or morphology, quality and distribution of public services and infrastructure, and in its employment base. Despite many efforts aimed at resolving the urban problems through the enactment of plethora of planning laws and regulations, the administration and implementation of these laws and regulation have been problematic, especially due to the rapid increase of religious sites (places of worship) such as churches and mosques in Ibadan. The objective of this paper is to propose a solution to the problems created by religious sites in the planning of Ibadan. The study employs a qualitative research design using survey method, with field observation as the research instrument used for data collection.
Keyword: Nigeria, Ibadan, urban, rural, mosques, churches.
Date Received: 30th April 2016 Date of Acceptance: 30th October 2016
1Ph.D. Candidate at International Islamic University Malaysia. Email: [email protected] 327
Ibraheem Mikail Abiola The Integration of Mosques and Churches to Urban Planning of Ibadan Nigeria: A Historical Overview
INTRODUCTION Ibadan is located and situated in the southwestern part of Nigeria, in the southeastern part of Oyo state, about 120km east of the border with the Republic of Benin. The city total area is 1,190 sq miles (3,080km2). The city is naturally drained by four rivers which have many tributaries i.e. streams flowing into larger lake: Ona River on the north and west, the Ogbere River towards the east, Ogunpa flowing through the city and Kudeti River in the central part of Ibadan metropolis.
In 1931, less than 7% of Nigerians lived in planned urban centres. Over a period of exactly 30 years (1952-1982), the population in significant Nigerian towns has increased. For example, in the city of Ibadan, it rose from 625,000 in 1963 to 2.8 million in 1982 (Adekilekun, 2001). The people were scattered all over Ibadan in areas that are not properly planned, and in building that are not structurally sound. More easily observable is the lack of Islamic principle in rapid urban growth in Ibadan. This paper examines the historical analysis of urban planning in Ibadan, Nigeria, from 1960 to 2010, with special emphasis on its presumed Islamic connection. It explores factors that have contributed in shaping the planning of urban settlements, in addition to the influence of local topography and morphological features of pre-existing cities such as Ibadan.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY This study looks into an extant historical phenomenon of an urban planning. It adopts a qualitative research design using survey method. Data were obtained through site observation and also from secondary sources. Content analysis method was employed to analyse the data.
INTEGRATION OF MOSQUES AND CHURCHES INTO URBAN PLANNING IN IBADAN
Integration of Mosques Obviously, in view of the pledge of Islam to provide a house in paradise for whoever builds a mosque, Ibadan Muslims have individually and collectively put up structures of different sizes, designs and magnitude for praying purposes. Doi (1984), Adekilekun (2001) and Agbetola (1999) have given an account in their work of the origin, development and administration of the mosques in the southwestern part of Nigeria. Agbetola (1999), in his account writes that the early Muslims merely chose a clean spot to spread their animal skins, mostly ram, and mats to establish their prayers. Later, a marked off area with a fence made from sand emerged; "this is the Musallah, the Yoruba Ibadan called it Masalasi" (Agbetola, 1999).
"The Masalasi gave way to small permanent structure known as the real Masjid (English: Mosque) because it had structures and a few facilities. The development of the simple form of thatched roof hut resting on four or six
© 2017 by MIP
PLANNING MALAYSIA: Journal of the Malaysia Institute of Planners (2017)
forked sticks similarly gave way to one supported by mud walls. This was a real building, but with a design of open windows and door ways of no security... This structure also with time developed into modest architectural design with facilities such as modest minarets. They carried simple designs of Muslim traditional slate (Arabic Lawh) on the roof or minaret as the sign for a Muslim place of worship."
Doi (1984) however, writes about the decorations given to mosques by the Ibadan Muslims:
"The decoration in the mosque buildings is simple, but most eye-catching, restrained according to the principles of Islamic art and architecture, and avoids the use of icons or even the slightest resemblance to any living animal or insect..."
He continues: "The mosques are planned with such great dexterity that at a given time, one can see only one or two decorations because of the contrast of light and shadow in the total scheme of the construction", (Doi, 1984).
Nevertheless, Doi (1084) also observes that some mosques were decorated with icons contrary to Islamic principles by having decorative elephants on the top of the mosques. He also claims that the icons had been removed thereafter. Agbetola (1999) also gives some pictorial views of some mosques in Ibadan and environs. However, this study contains of pictures which cut across central, community (ratibi), institutional, organizational and government house mosques in Agodi Ibadan (Doi, 1984).
However, based on observation made on site, some of the present mosques, such as the Aare Abdul Azeez Arisekola Central Mosque, Iwo-road Ibadan and Adeojo Mosque along Lagos-Ibadan express way are more impressive than those described by Agbetola (1999) and Doi (1984). Some of these mosques are even up to three-storey high. Some mosques, such as the Shamsu-suud mosque, Omowumi-Olorunsogo, Ibadan have tall minarets built using stones or concrete. Others have minarets carrying domes against the flat head of the mosques, with the demands of modern time such as parking space, social hall, and committee room (Akintola, 2004). Many mosques, particularly the early ones, do not have space for such facilities. Some of these mosques were built within compounds obviously for family use, while others were constructed close to the road and lined up in the streets of Ibadan, leaving barely trek able distance to one another. For example, the Ayegoro mosque could hardly be distinguished from residential buildings. In fact, the distinguishing factor between a part of a building used as a mosque and that used as residence is the loudspeaker which, as in other mosques, is located on top of the mosques or beside or within the
walls. There have been issues generated between the Muslim community and non-Muslims who feel that the loudspeakers are being abused by some mosques within Ibadan and other cities in Nigeria. Also, some mosques are built close to the main roads and left the road users with narrow roadway, which escalate obstructions and blockage of road during the large turnout of worshippers on Fridays and when there are some other occasions within the mosque premises (Liadi, 2001).
Church Integration In the 1970s, when orderliness reigned in Ibadan, churches were built with maximum conformity to planning regulations, societal overall aesthetic appeal, beauty and comfort of users and neighbours (Joseph, 1997). Aside from the expansive worshipping area, ample parking spaces were provided to discourage street parking and minimize the likely inconvenience to other road users. Within the church precinct, it was conventional and traditional to find houses for the leadership and church workers, and small scale or small size commercial building to generate income to support the church activities. In some churches, complementary buildings, such as schools and clinics, which provide services to the immediate and remote communities could be found (Shope, 1954).
Between 1975 to 1979, the Ibadan population rose and church development had kept pace with this growth without any adverse effort on the urban planning system, urban infrastructure and societal psyche. Among the then prominent churches were Catholic, Anglican, Methodist, Jehovah witness, Seventh Day Adventise, Apostolic and Redeem among others. The downfall of the Nigerian economy in the 1980s and subsequent political crisis of 1993 were the impetus for a substantial number of manufacturing industries within Ibadan to terminate their productions (Iyanda, 2004). In the wake of this development, many manufacturing sites and warehouses were left vacant.
The inability of the Urban Planning Ministry to be pro-active on the best alternative uses of those abandoned premises provided a veritable platform for churches. As a result, the stretch of Oluyole estate roads to Challenge Elewura, Iwo Road to Basorun were littered with flags and banners of different churches. The conversion of the industrial premises and private houses into churches in Ibadan had created a severe traffic burden for the city since the emerging scenario was not envisaged during the presentation of Ibadan master plan. With the end of the manufacturing sector and growth of population within Ibadan metropolis, poverty incidence increased, and the cry for divine intervention became louder. Churches in Ibadan continue to expand on the old denominations as well as the erection of new ones. For example, The Redeemed Christian Church has over 100 branches within Ibadan (Kabir, 2006).
The demand for industrial premises and warehouses to be converted into churches became enormous. Consequently, the price of those premises rose to
astronomical rate and was no longer affordable, hence recourse to residential area. Although the foray is more pronounced in residential areas, it is not limited to this stretch of land or zone. Business premises such as quick service restaurants, cinemas, like Baba Sala cinema at Agbowo, and merchandising shops, were not spared. Currently, the presence of churches in residential areas within Ibadan has significantly depleted the housing stock available to the populace, in a city grappling with an estimated hundreds of thousands of housing deficits (Kabir, 2006). The situation is alarming and generating sudden fear as churches are now influencing building owners to eject their tenants to take over their apartments. The occupation range from one bedroom or three bedroom apartments in multiple apartment buildings either on long lease, contract or outright purchase from the building owners. No neighbourhood in cosmopolitan Ibadan is devoid of this phenomenon, except in the emerging higher class residential estates where there is control of church development (Kabir, 2006). As of today, the population of Ibadan has climbed to about 3 million and churches have continued to grow geometrically.
SUGGESTED SOLUTIONS To overcome this problem, this study proposes that the Oyo State Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development with the Ministry of Lands, Housing and Survey in Ibadan should undertake a primary and the traditional role with the Christian Association of Nigeria (CAN) and the Nigeria Supreme Council for Islamic Affairs (NSCIA). The Ministries should engage CAN and NSCIA with a view to identify the number of churches and mosques in each residential district. At the same time, adequate resettlement and re-planning strategies must be put in place for the residents of the acquired properties, reference should be made to existing regional or local plans, and Environmental Impact Analysis of such church and mosque agglomeration must first be submitted and discussed with the stakeholders in each district.
Also, there is a need for the CAN and NSCIA to sensitize their members on the negative implications of church and mosque incursion to residential areas and to encourage them to set up a Development Control and Standardization Department within their respective organizations. All measures to improve urban planning in Ibadan will be meaningful; thus it is crucial to reverse the rattle of church depletion of housing stock through strict adherence to planning regulations and effective engagement of relevant stakeholders. It will be of utmost importance to draw attention of the Ministry of Physical Planning and Urban Development to the emergence of mega churches at the Basorun OlowoNla axis, also Lagos-Ibadan Expressway. If the trend and progression of church development continue, as it is in this corridor, Lagos-Ibadan Expressway may not be able in the next ten years to rival this pristine location in terms of traffic imbroglio and other social and economic crises.
CONCLUSION Town planning has become an integral and necessary portion of governance in the modern time. In the case of Ibadan, the state government which oversees the planning and development of the city has undertaken significant efforts in ensuring the city is well planned. Nevertheless, the proliferation of religious houses in the city has undermined the planning efforts of the government. However, efforts to plan and develop Ibadan in orderly manner must continue. This paper has made several proposals on how this can be achieved.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work is supported Alhaji Sheik Mikail Abdul Aziz, Imam of Islamic Society of Papua New Guinea, near Australia.
Adekilekun, A. L. (2001). Muslim and Islamic Law in Southern Nigeria (1988-1999). Ede: Mojoyinola Publishers.
Doi, A. R. (1984). Islam in Nigeria. Zaria: Gaskiya Corporation Limited. Agbetola, A. S. (1999). Architectural design of the mosque in Islam: Ondo State as a case
study. Oye Ogun Journal of Arts, viii, 44-54. Shope, J. H. (1954). The need for church planning. Journal of the American Institute of
Planners, 20(3), 122-124. Akintola, I. L. (2004). An evaluation of the impact of the proliferation of churches and
mosques in the Nigeria society. Insight: Journal of Religious Study, 1(2&3), 7691. Liadi, M. (2001). Mosques structure across Ibadan, Ibadan: Legacy Print Press. Kabir, O. (2006). Impact of religious sites on city planning in Nigeria. Longman Press, 16-30. Iyanda, P. (2004). Churches in the City Plan. Landsmark Publication, 25. Joseph, W. (1997, May 21). Planning for church location, report and review. Vanguard News.
IbadanMosquesChurchesPlanningNigeria
Planning Manual - U.S. Army Engineer Institute for Water
You Need a Robust Gift Planning Program But Only Have So
Pandemic Preparedness and Response Plan for Nigeria
Resolution No. Pc 19-1334 A Resolution Of The Planning
Project Management for Crews - Boy Scouts of America
Book Jan 2121.indb - Open Journal Systems
Small-Scale Helicopter Automatic Autorotation
The Economic Benefits of Access to Family Planning
The Political Economy of Nigeria s Foreign Policy under


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By Pat Bagley
· Published: June 19, 2019
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Named for the Basque word for 'shield' this bracelet is made up of bezelled chatons.
The components are designed and strung in a way that allows the finished bracelet to be as many rounds deep as desired.
Instructions for these projects is available to purchase as a pattern.


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StJB Represents at State History Day
St. John the Baptist Catholic School is proud to announce that three eighth grade students earned FIRST PLACE at State History Day held Saturday, April 7th at Nebraska Wesleyan University.
Jozlyn Barnes, Krista Hardy and Reed Greger, 8th grade, all received first place in their categories and will advance to the National Contest this summer.Jozlyn and Krista placed first in the Junior Group Exhibit category for their project titled "Japanese Internment Camps: Islands of Conflict." A total of 22 entries were represented in this category from across the state — all projects were district contest winners. Their entry was also selected to represent the state of Nebraska at the Smithsonian Museum of American History in Washington, DC.
Reed placed first in the Junior Individual Performance category. He presented a 10-minute performance on "NASA vs USSR: Conflict and Compromise of Technological Dominance" from a script that he wrote after extensive research. A total of 11 entries from across the state competed in his category.
The students will now advance to the National Contest held at the University of Maryland from June 10-14. Two entries in every category at the state/affiliate level are invited to the National Contest.We are extremely proud of all the students who participated at the State Contest. A special thanks to Mrs. Pam Reinsch for all she does to prepare our students for success at every level of competition.
Congratulations to these three students and good luck at Nationals!
StJB Round Two Speech Contest Winners Announced
Knights of Columbus Host StJB Golf Classic to Raise Funds


Everyone has a vocation. Everyone is called to holiness.
By virtue of Baptism, each and every Christian has a call to holiness through a life in Christ. All too often, people, for whatever reason, remain unaware of the gifts and talents that might lead them to consider a call to priesthood or consecrated life.
Read these statements to yourself, take them to prayer, then act on what you know is right. God knows, you may be called to the priesthood!
Going to Mass and Adoration is very a very important part of my faith life.
If some of these statements reflect how you feel, if your heart is pounding even harder, if you sense a greater desire to find out if God is calling you to live in black and white, get in touch with Fr. Matt Mason! Have no fear, the Lord wants only what is best for you.


"Enhancement of the Superconducting Gap by Nesting in CaKFe4As4: A New " by Daixiang Mou, Tai Kong et al.
We use high resolution angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy and density functional theory with measured crystal structure parameters to study the electronic properties of CaKFe4As4. In contrast to the related CaFe2As2 compounds, CaKFe4As4 has a high Tc of 35 K at stochiometric composition. This presents a unique opportunity to study the properties of high temperature superconductivity in the iron arsenides in the absence of doping or substitution. The Fermi surface consists of several hole and electron pockets that have a range of diameters. We find that the values of the superconducting gap are nearly isotropic (within the explored portions of the Brillouin zone), but are significantly different for each of the Fermi surface (FS) sheets. Most importantly, we find that the momentum dependence of the gap magnitude plotted across the entire Brillouin zone displays a strong deviation from the simple cosðkxÞ cosðkyÞ functional form of the gap function, proposed by the scenario of Cooper pairing driven by a short range antiferromagnetic exchange interaction. Instead, the maximum value of the gap is observed on FS sheets that are closest to the ideal nesting condition, in contrast to previous observations in other ferropnictides. These results provide strong support for the multiband character of superconductivity in CaKFe4As4, in which Cooper pairing forms on the electron and the hole bands interacting via a dominant interband repulsive interaction, enhanced by band nesting.
This article is from Physical Review Letters 117, (2016): 277001-1, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.277001. Posted with permission.
Mou, Daixiang; Kong, Tai; Meier, William R.; Lochner, Felix; Wang, Lin-Lin; Lin, Qisheng; Wu, Yun; Bud'ko, S. L.; Eremin, Ilya; Johnson, Duane D.; Canfield, Paul C.; and Kaminski, Adam, "Enhancement of the Superconducting Gap by Nesting in CaKFe4As4: A New High Temperature Superconductor" (2016). Chemistry Publications. 948.


As a child I was fascinated by nature. I spent much of my time playing outdoors. I'd climb a tree and be mesmerized by the texture of the bark and the graceful movement of the leaves dancing in the breeze. I had a captured interest in the textures of tree bark, stone, and sand. I loved how nature coordinated colors too. For instance, the shocking red sandstone of Utah, to me, was a canvas for the many colors of plant life.
This love of nature evolved when I started oil painting landscapes. My adventure in the art world began when I was a mother and in college. My love of the outdoors and a creative twitch lead me to take my first oil painting class at the YWCA. My neighbor, at the time, talked me into taking a pottery class soon after. I realized that the clay allowed me the ability to manipulate the form and add texture, rendering it into something depicting nature, from a material of nature. I was hooked!
Today, many of my pieces reflect my personality and interests. You'll find a lot of texture and color in my pieces, which are influenced by my love of nature. I also capture movement in my pieces. A graceful arc or twist of the clay reminds me of my love of dance. Much of my youth I was involved in sports. This too influences the movement of my pieces.
One of my signature creations is teapots. Each teapot I create has its own personality. It's as if I am capturing a person's gestures or character. Visualize a hand placed on a hip or an arm waving to a friend. It represents the things and people I love.
I engulf myself in my art. Each piece has a story. Each piece represents me as an artist. I hope you can find a story of your own in my pottery.


Morning transfer to the airport and flight to Puerto Maldonado. Reception at the airport and transfer to your Puerto Maldonado Lodge where you will receive a welcome tropical fruit beverage. You will embark on a 4 hour motorboat trip up the Tambopata River to the Tambopata Lodge and Research Center (box lunch included on route). During the trip we will be able to observe the local farms, while groups of birds pass over the boat. Great opportunity to see families of Capybaras, the largest rodents in the world. Reception and accommodation at the lodge. After a short rest we will have a brief introductory walk in the forest nearby to learn basic principles of ecology and hear some wildlife natural histories. Return to the lodge for dinner. After dinner we will make our first visit to the forest to observe the nocturnal life of insects of various colors and occasional encounters with nocturnal mammals. We will enjoy the diverse sounds of the jungle which will accompany our first night in the Amazon. Sleep at the lodge.
Wake up early (4:30 am) and travel up the Tambopata River for an hour to the Bahuaja - Sonene National Park. You will see a magical sunrise; it is a great opportunity to see animals such as capybaras, tapir, jaguar and dears in the surrounding virgin forest. We will observe (from a safe distance) one of the greatest spectacles of the rainforest: Hundreds of parrots, parakeets and macaws of various species, enjoying their diet of mineral salts on a river bank, there we will have a hot drink and a snack, then, return to the lodge to have a late breakfast. Ethno botanical trekking through one of the trails learning about medicinal plants. After lunch we will enter the lush green jungle on a special trail to observe wildlife. We will then enter the territory of peccaries, deer and others, with the possibility to hear or see their tracks, or discover a troop of monkeys travelling through the forest in search of food. If time permits; we will be able to enjoy a relaxing swim in the cascade of the cat. After dinner we can take another trip through the jungle in search of caimans or relax in our lodge surrounded by exotic nocturnal sounds.
After breakfast we will take a trip by boat to the WASAI Maldonado Lodge, in Puerto Maldonado where we will relax in our bungalows and enjoy a tasty lunch. After lunch we will leave and travel for thirty minutes on the Madre de Dios River, to the access trail to Lake Sandoval, a beautiful typical rainforest lake. 3 km hike to the banks of the lake. There we will board a canoe to paddle around the lake enjoying the beauty of the landscape and observing the wildlife, such as kingfishers, herons, hoatzins (unique pre historic looking birds), monkeys, etc. If we are lucky we could see the family of giant otters which live at the lake. It is time to begin our return hike to the Madre de Dios River to return to Puerto Maldonado. There we will stay in the modern and comfortable bungalows of Maldonado Lodge. After dinner we will be able to rest or go around the city on foot or bicycle. We can enjoy the pool and its cascade surrounded by verdant vegetation. Rest of the night free to enjoy the night life of this incredible city.
Breakfast and transport to the airport and Flight to Cusco, at arrival transfer to the hotel. City tour in the afternoon includes visit to Qenco, Sacsayhuaman, Puca Pucará and Tambomachay complexes, the Temple of the Sun or Koricancha and the Cathedral in Cusco. Night free.
In the morning private tour to Sacred Valley of the Incas, we visit downtown Pisac and then, free time to shop in the famous handicraft market. For lunch we suggest the Huacatay restaurant in Urubamba (novo-andina cuisine). In the afternoon visit to artist Pablo Seminario's house and the Ollantaytambo complex. Overnight in Ollantaytambo.
In the morning, train to Aguas Calientes, on arrival private tour to Machu Picchu Historical Sanctuary at sunrise, Machu Picchu one of the new seven wonders of the world, stands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna. Most archaeologists believe that Machu Picchu was built as an estate for the Inca emperor Pachacuti (1438–1472). Often referred to as the "Lost City of the Incas", it is perhaps the most familiar icon of Inca civilization. Then we will have free time to enjoy the complex on your own. In the afternoon we will return to Aguas Calientes and take the train to Ollantaytambo, from there bus to our hotel in Cusco. Night free.
Transfer to Cusco airport, flight back to Lima and end of our services.
All transfers, 1 night in a 3 stars hotel in Lima, 1 night in a 3 stars hotel in Ollantaytambo and 2 nights in a 3 stars hotel in Cusco. All entrance fees, Tambopata jungle tour 4d/3N, Sacred Valley of the Incas private tour, Machu Picchu private tour and Cusco private city tour.
Meals: 7 breakfasts, 3 lunches and 3 dinners.


Dance Pad was demoed before the lunch break but it makes more sense to include it with the other mobile/portable games. The team summoned the mighty disco ball from the ceiling and bathed the auditorium with music and spinning lights. The main speaker for the team came out dressed up in a light blue tuxedo reminiscent of the disco era and really captured people's attention.
The premise of Dance Pad is to use your fingers to "walk" the dance floor of the iPad while following the step bubbles ala Elite Beat Agents. You use your index finger as the left "foot" and your middle finger as the right "foot." The game signals each finger by using a blue circle for index and a purple circle for the middle finger. Yes, it is possible to cheat by using a different finger but the game is more fun when you feel like your two fingers are dancing. The team said the game was inspired by YouTube videos of people using their fingers to mimic popular dance moves like moonwalking and breakdancing.
The team showed off the three different modes lives: Play, Watch, Create. "Play" is the main mode where you can play the story with up to 2 people at once. "Create" allows the player to create their own dance moves by touching the screen with their fingers. There are advanced features like a level editor and head-to-head competition where one person has to re-create the other players moves. You can choose to publish the levels and/or record footage to upload to YouTube. The "Watch" menu allows you to look at posted videos on YouTube of people showing off their impressive skills on different levels.
In the "Create" mode, two Dance Pad team members competed against each other by creating their own dance steps by using just their fingers. Each round alternated the creator but both people had to be able to do the routine to prevent someone from going crazy with impossible moves. The "Create" editor allows for full recording and fine tuning of step types to make more choreographed moves.
Each single player level was shorter than I expected.
The game package overall is impressive and should be able to sell well on iPad. The team is developing achievements and will have to decide how they want to proceed with Dance Pad.
What you would expect from normal ice hockey except the controls are motion controlled. The team member used his right fisted hand to control the paddle and knock around the puck. There seemed to be some input lag from when he moved his hand and where the puck moved. The team had developed a really good AI player who did an excellent job of protecting his scoring area. Like real life, the person ended up scoring more on himself than by the AI.
After a few points scored, a second puck appeared. Shortly after, the team member gained access to a second paddle and more pucks. The game then became really chaotic. The AI player could not defend against all the multiple pucks and when four appeared there was no way anyone could know what was happening.
Pod Racer is a game completely inspired by the Star Wars Episode I: Racer from 1999. In the same spirit, the goal is to get the best lap time around the course while going through going through rock checkpoints. There were no AI opponents so the race felt very solitary on the mostly empty plain. The team showed the rock formations on the plain have collision detection by ramming the pod into them. There is a health system represented by a heart number which decreased in number upon impact.
The development team used Kinect to simulate a person holding the pod racer controls. The person put both arms out straight in front of them and would pull one arm back towards him to turn in that direction. To boost, the person pushed both hands forward at the same time or move their pod racer over a boost pad. The controls seemed to work well with the wide level. I'm not sure the Kinect is accurate enough for the punishing turns and traps of the original Star Wars Episode I: Racer courses but the controls worked well in this game.
The final game from the Kinect development class was Wind Story. It's a hybrid platformer which requires two people to play. The first player controls the main character by using the Xbox 360 controller to move and jumps with a button. The second player uses their hand movements to create wind and fireballs to help the first player in his platforming and dispatch enemies. For wind going to the right, the player moves both their hands across the screen to the right. By putting the hands up towards the top of the screen, this summons fireballs.
The development team showed off their tutorial level which introduces basic platforming and the wind ability. The main puff guy can jump and then the second player can moves their arms in a direction to cause wind to move the guy further in his jump. The team had a little trouble getting past the required jump+wind area. Later in the level there were enemies moving around which could be killed by fireballs. The second player puts their hands into the air to summon the fireballs and then uses the wind gestures to control their tragectory.
The entire game had a cuteness vibe with the snow puff guy, the "boink" sound every time he jumped and the fuzzy enemies. It seems like the Kinect controls could be tightened to make it a better platformer overall.
Cosmopolis is a MMO world created by graduate students for both scientific and recreational goals. The speaker talked about a UN simulation where the MMO player could interact with different groups and try and change ideologies through repeated discussions throughout social networks. He then showed a trailer and unfortunately did not show any live gameplay of any sort. Instead we got a lot of powerpoint slides.
The goal of Cosmopolis is to eventually be an open MMO where people can develop their own games and social science experiments. One game under development is where there are robots battling each other and there is some sort of artificial intelligence routines being traded or upgraded to give a robot an edge. Again, since there was no live coverage, there really wasn't much for me to see and analyze this project.
Imagine the opening of Fat Princess where the other team makes off with the princess from the castle. Then replace the human princess with a fruit princess and the castle with the produce section of a supermarket. Next alter the battlefield of Plants Vs. Zombies to become two player competitive where each person sends units to the other side of the board. I really enjoyed the opening video where it showed the fruit princess getting captured by the veggies. Welcome to Fruits Vs. Veggies, a game developed for iPad.
The live gameplay was a lot better than the footage shown in the trailer. The team showed off the competitive two player battles where each player chooses their units and spells before battling. I watched an apple with boxing gloves punch celery with some awesome punch sound effects every three seconds. Each player added units to the 8 x 5 grid on their side and the units did battle with whatever unit they encountered. Something unique is each player has magic spells and traps to make the battles more dynamic.
Everyone has heard pigs are devious as told by Angry Birds and other recent games. Here's a story where a pig can fly and is getting attacked by birds (jealous are we?) and balloon aided wolves. Can you image how a pig would defend itself? Pork and Beans and swarms of flies. Yes, when the creator was explaining the game premise, I had to laugh at the awesome silliness of it all.
The live demo shows the player controls the pigs up and down movements with the iPad touch screen. The pig needs to collect apples and bananas to stay alive and should collect flies to ward off birds. The pig can ram into birds to stun them and the stunned birds can be launched at other enemies. You didn't forget the pork and beans did you? The pig collects pork and beans to create a gas cloud which protects itself from the floating wolves. If the wolf is able to eat the pig, the pig is able to fart in the wolf's mouth to survive. Ah, what class!
The game was a lot of fun when I had a chance to play it later in the day. I liked how some of the gameplay elements seem farfetched while working so well together.
Spectrum is a side scrolling platformer for iPod Touch where a woman called Spectra must navigate through a colorless world to reach colorful platforms to keep her life force up. The speed of the game was excellent and the controls seemed exclusive to be moving and double jumping.
Once Spectra cleared the colorless world, she got to repeat the same level with it fully colored. The game seems like one you would play for a few minutes while waiting for something. I will remember it for the smooth framerate and jumping mechanics.
Magic Eden is a mobile RPG for iPod Touch where you control a girl who can perform both good and dark magic. For each quest, there are at least two different resolutions based on the player magic type choice.
In the live demo, the player started the quest to confront a slime about doing something illegal (I think it was eating crops or something similar). The main character could not understand the slime because it was speaking in a beast language. The player decided to attack the slime with magic and it was dispatched.
The team decided to reload the save and showed another outcome of the quest. After starting the quest and meeting the slime, the main character used different beast language magic to understand the slime. Of course it was all a misunderstanding. FRIENDSHIP! The game is targeting a younger audience based on the gameplay and artwork.
The final team showed off their game called Incrediballs through a video. It showed a ball with a comical face being launched from a cannon and the goal was to collect as much gold and powerups before it ran out of momentum in a 2D world. The game also boasted features like Options, High Scores, Training and the like. Since there was no live footage, I really am not sure of the game complexity.
I want to congratulate the USC students who have worked so much on these games. There were a lot of new ideas shown off and it's a great thing when I want to play most of them if/when they come out. I later attended the First Move 2011 hosted by the USC School of Cinematic Arts and had a swell time trying out even more unique games. There is nothing better than spending the day playing new unreleased games with complimentary catering.


The previous article describes the valuation of shares using the comparative method. It is a simpler method compared to the income approach. The use of this method requires a lot of knowledge about the company as well as the industry in which the company is valued. The Income Approach is often used in practice.
The valuation of shares (a company) using the Income Approach is based on the creation of a financial model, as we wrote earlier, in which we will forecast the financial situation of the company over the next few years (usually). More specifically, what may be future revenues, costs, operating profits, net profit and finally what company may generate future cash flows, or how much cash will be generated that can be freely disposed of.
Creating a reliable financial model is the most difficult and the most error-prone part of the entire valuation. It is easy to overestimate or not to value the future financial results of the company, hence the knowledge of the company being valued and the industry in which it operates is so important. The model can be created in Excel on the basis of historical data using the formula for linear regression, although every unpredictable event will not be included in the model, which means that many people prefer to forecast the company's financial results based on their experience.
At the time when we were able to determine the future cash flows that the company will generate within 5 years, then we must forecast the cash flows to be valued at the moment of valuation of the company, that is, to discount them. Why do we need to bring future cash flows at the moment of valuation? Because money loses its value over time. A year's 1 dollar will be worth $0.85 due to inflation and a drop in purchasing power. In the case of reducing cash flows at the moment of valuation, our discount rate depending on the model will be the cost of equity or the cost of equity in combination with the cost of debt.
We have set a period of rapid growth of the company for 5 years. We estimated future financial results and determined future free cash flow. Is this the end of our valuation? Unfortunately not. If we were to end our valuation now, it would mean that our company would disappear from the market after 5 years. In fact, we should estimate the future free cash flow for infinity, because we do not know when the company will end its operations.
This problem was solved by calculating the Terminal Value (TV). It can be very simply stated that this is the value that we would receive if the company's sales were to occur after the fifth year of our forecast.
Gordon growth model (GGM) assumes a steady increase in the dividend. It is the simplest version and the most commonly used one.
The two-stage model divides the forecast period into two stages, in which the dividend grows at different rates.
Model H assumes that the dividend falls at a certain rate, and then grows.
The three-stage model divides the forecast period into three stages, where the dividend first increases, in the second stage it decreases and in the third stage it grows again.
Residual income model is based on the concept of so-called economic profit, or residual income. Residual profit and subsequent development of this concept in the form of Economic Value Added (EVA) is the difference between the expected profit and the gained profit. For example, the owners have invested 2 million in the company and expect a 10% profit per year, 200,000. The company has reached 150,000 profit, which is an economic loss of 50,000, although net profit was achieved. The method is rarely used in practice.
Discounted Free Cash Flow is the most commonly used valuation model. It consists in forecasting future net profits or operating profits and deducting taxes, investment outlays, etc. from them in order to estimate future free cash flows. Then we have to bring back to the current value using the discount rate.
Free Cash Flow to Equity (FCFE), in which we focus on cash flows due to owners. The model applies to the valuation of companies that are characterized by a constant level of debt. Less frequently used in practice.
Free Cash Flow to Firm (FCFF), in which equity and debt are taken into account. The difference between FCFE and FCFF is that in FCFF, after cash flows are discounted, Net Debt must be deducted from them to obtain the amount due to the owner. FCFF method is easier than FCFE and it is the most commonly used method in practice. The method will be described in more detail in the next article.
Buying a new car in a salon, and then leaving it outside the gate of this salon will lose its value. Only due to the fact that we passed a small section of the road for it, we will not sell it for the same price. Every user of a new car knows about it. The same equipment as the company loses exactly the same value. Month by month, it loses its value. In accounting, such equipment consumption is depicted by write-down. It has its justification, for example for tax purposes and for a reliable presentation of the company's financial situation. Depreciation, however, is not an actual outflow of cash, therefore, when estimating free cash flows in DCF model, depreciation should be added.
NWC is a measure of the company's liquidity. It can be said that this is the value of current assets (the most liquid) minus short-term liabilities.
Each company must make investments to develop its business. Capital expenditures can be found in the cash flow statement in cash flows from investing activities. One should check how investment expenditures were shaped in comparison to revenues, for example 15% of generated revenues and assume similar values, unless in the financial statement we read that in the coming years planning is to increase or decrease investment expenditures.
Valuation with Income Approach is the most commonly used method of company valuation in practice. Despite its popularity, it is not without flaws.
In the next article, we will take a closer look at the most popular Income Approach method, Free Cash Flow to Firm.


Over the years, we've had a few photographic adventures with Wendy and Martin in places like Paris and London. Now, after having grown into a family of four, they came down to Cornwall for a family shoot on the beach. It was special to get to still feel connected to their journey, as well as spending time on my home turf.
There's nothing better than lovely beaches and beautiful sceneries in Cornwall, not to mention the Cornish Pasty! Since we first visited 3 years ago, we have made it our annual summer getaway from the hustle and bustle of busy cities just to relax and enjoy the sea breeze.


Happy New Year to all! Hope you had a good start.
I don;t know why, but that plant reminds me of something either Shel Silverstein or Dr. Seuss did years ago. Can't put my finger on what it reminds me of, but nevertheless it looks good.
I'll check out Silverstein and Seuss then. I'm intrigued.


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Rexxam Preps up for Production Expansion
The main business of Rexxam Co., Ltd. revolves around printed circuit board assembly (PCBA) automated optical inspection (AOI) systems. Specifically, the company handles a wide range of electronic manufacturing services (EMS), including air-conditioning-related equipment, consumer equipment, factory automation (FA) equipment, automotive electronics, and medical equipment.
In Japan, the company maintains the Kagawa Factory in Kagawa Prefecture. Here, Rexxam manufactures various microcontroller boards and applied products. Additionally, it produces eye-care instruments, bioresearch analytical instruments, PCBA visual inspectors, hot and chilled water (wind) generators for semiconductor equipment, and indirect temperature controllers for chemicals.
The company has been converging its mounting division to the Saijo Factory in Ehime Prefecture. Further, the company is constructing a new line to prepare for future production increases, while promoting the efficient use of equipment and human resources.
Rexxam made strategic steps to lift business results following a challenging environment during the pandemic. Hiroyuki Sumida, Vice President of Rexxam, said, "After experiencing a drop in income in 2020, we renewed record sales in 2021 and 2022. Nonetheless, the worldwide shortages in supply of electronic components forced us to consider substitutes. Also, we revisited our production plans to fulfill the backlog of orders."
Hiroyuki Sumida, Vice President of Rexxam
Strengthens Overseas Production Base
Over the years, Rexxam has expanded its international production bases. Among them include ShenZhen Shinelong Electronics Industrial Co., Ltd. and Rexxam Electronics (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. in China; Rexxam Thailand Co., Ltd. in Thailand; and Rexxam Czech s.r.o. in Europe. Moreover, in India, Rexxam has established Rexxam Dixon Electronics Pvt. Ltd., a joint venture company with Dixon Technologies (India) Limited as partner. These overseas bases particularly meet the needs of globally expanding Japanese companies.
Altogether, the overseas production bases have a monthly production capacity of 1.2 to 1.3 million PCBAs in terms of standard board.
At the company's two plants in China, Rexxam has constructed a production system installed with 19 SMT lines and 67 PCBA AOI systems. The company increasingly implements automated production to meet rapid demand increases.
Meanwhile, Rexxam Thailand is installed with four SMT lines and is operated by a workforce of 340 employees. The company bolstered the plant's equipment in preparation for a planned production increase in 2023. Moreover, the company has concluded a partnership with Forth Corporation Public Company Limited in Thailand. Additionally, Rexxam Dixon Electronics operates four SMT lines in India.
The company plans to build up the production ratios of overseas bases, particularly in Thailand and India. "More than 80 percent of the company's consolidated sales comes from the electronics business. The two companies in China account for 70 percent of the electronics business. Now, we are increasing the production ratios of Thailand and Indian bases," said Sumida.
Rexxam also noted a growing number of inquiries for laser marking systems. Classified under the PCBA AOI system business, laser marking systems are designed to improve traceability. Their importance has been increasing. Also, demand is increasing for both inline and desktop-type PCBA auto coating and inspection machines.
AOI systems
Rexxam Bolsters Production Systems, Augments Portfolio Promising Equipment Sales Defy Pandemic Threat Rexxam Bolsters Production in Thailand, India Mounter Makers Make Strategic Step in Non-SMT Business


The last Nobel laureate in physics who didn't share the prize was Georges Charpak from France. He won in 1992 for the invention and development of the multi-wire proportional counter, a revolutionary particle detector. This technology dominated particle physics for several decades and was used successfully for X-ray crystallography, amongst other applications. In 2016, the French and Swiss Physical Societies created an annual award in the name of Charpak and Swiss physicist Walther Ritz to distinguish exceptional contributions in physics.
This year's Charpak-Ritz Prize was awarded to Professor Roland Horisberger for his pioneering work on two-dimensional solid-state detectors done at the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). His detectors were used in many high-energy physics experiments in Switzerland and abroad, such as the ARGUS and H1 experiments at the German Electron Synchrotron (DESY) in Hamburg. From 1996 to 2008 he and his team developed the pixel detector for the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at CERN. The detector collects traces of particles created during collisions of protons in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). It achieves a spatial resolution of 50 µm and a temporal resolution of 25 ns.
The pixel detector was key to discovering the Higgs Boson, a subatomic particle whose existence had been predicted 50 years earlier. The same groundbreaking technology was used to develop X-ray detectors for the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at PSI. For their development of the PILATUS detector, Horisberger, Christian Brönnimann and Eric Eikenberry were awarded the Innovation Award on Synchrotron Radiation in 2007.
DECTRIS was spun out of PSI at about the same time. Brönnimann, now CEO of DECTRIS, says, "Roland Horisberger is a pioneer and a great scientist. With his tremendous know-how, he advanced the development of semiconductor pixel detectors at PSI. His innovative technology leaves indelible traces not just in particle physics but also in unrelated fields, such as pharmaceutical research. We are delighted that he continues to contribute to our success as a scientific advisor. We are very proud that Roland won this prize and express our warmest congratulations."
Horisberger's developments will lead to improved methods of medical diagnosis. With this, he follows in the footsteps of Charpak. If anything, the impact of pixel detectors on society will be even bigger.


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GPS Helps Pizza Deliverymen Navigate India's Crazy Street Addresses
Indian locations of Domino's are partnering with an app that uses GPS to guide deliveries to locations without real addresses.
by Alex Swerdloff
Photo via Flickr user Tracy Hunter
Ordering a Domino's Spicy Triple Tango pizza with a side order of Taco Mexicana Veg is about to get a hell of a lot easier if you happen to be one of India's roughly 1.3 billion citizens. It goes without saying that dealing with deliverymen can occasionally totally bite, but when you live in the second most heavily populated nation in the world and you don't even actually have an address, shit can and will go very wrong.
Thankfully, the Indian branch of Domino's—which is run by Noida-based Jubilant FoodWorks—totally has your back. The international pizza franchise will be allowing delivery customers to forego the use of a traditional street address in favor of a "smart address" that they themselves create. Simply put, each individual will be able to create their own identity, which a delivery person can then use as GPS coordinates to locate the customer. To meet this end, Jubilant FoodWorks has teamed up with a Hyderabad-based tech startup called Zippr.
Zippr was founded in 2013 and allows users to create their own eight-character alphanumeric code, which is attached to a user's profile. The code then allows a delivery person to access the customer's GPS coordinates. Domino's has announced that they will begin to use the service by the end of the year.
Photo via Flickr user Veeresh Malik
How hard is it to find an address in India? Apparently, very hard indeed. As Quartz India puts it, "In Indian cities, house numbers and street names are mostly unencumbered by logic. You might think house number 132 might be close to 130, or H block will be next to G block, and you would be dead wrong." Landmarks are often used to direct people to a location—as in "the first house past the temple that's next to the laundromat"—but with the rapid rate of construction in India, that doesn't work well either.
According to Aditya Vuchi, who started Zippr, in India "depending on who is asking, you explain your address differently. You give landmarks and directions while telling a friend, a more formal one when telling the bank and a mix of the two while telling a delivery guy," he said. Obviously, there is a real need for Zippr there, and its utility goes well beyond pizza delivery.
But, let's be honest here: Pizza delivery is important. And thanks to Zippr's technology, which currently uses an enhanced version of Google Maps but can work using OpenStreetMap as well, pizza delivery just got a whole lot easier in the subcontinent.
Now, if only Domino's could finally come up with a way to avoid that damned Noid, we'd really be in business.
Aditya Vuchi
Jubilant FoodWorks
Zippr
delivery food


When I change the master clock rate in my system to 48khz, the playback of Atmosphere is off-pitch. How do I adjust Atmosphere to run at 48 khz correctly?
Have you downlaoded the 1.2 update that fixes this problem?
I have the latest version (1.2) installed. Any other suggestions as to how to troubleshoot? Thanks.
Try talking with tech support and be sure to list your complete rig.


Overclocking a graphics card used to be more trouble than it was worth, but things have changed. EVGA Precision X and MSI Afterburner are just two of the most popular choices for software overclocking. AMD even bundles its own overclocking solution—AMD OverDrive—with its Catalyst drivers. Wringing more performance out of your graphics card is now as simple as moving a few sliders and testing for stability with a benchmark.
That's not to say that the best overclocking practices are obvious. We're here to help with a guide on how to overclock your graphics card. Be forewarned—even the most basic overclocks can end in tragedy. Although we're willing to walk you through the steps, we can't be responsible for any damaged hardware or problems arising during the overclocking process. If you're willing to take the risk, read on to learn how to overclock your graphics card. Keep in mind that the procedure for each video card can be slightly different. If any part of the guide doesn't make sense, ask for help in the comments or spend some time on Google.
MSI Afterburner is capable overclocking software that works with most AMD and Nvidia cards.
Our favorite overclocking software is MSI Afterburner . Your other options include EVGA Precision X for Nvidia cards, and for AMD Cards, AMD OverDrive, but to keep things simple we'll be working solely with MSI Afterburner.
You'll also need a benchmark like 3DMark —download the demo—or Unigine's Heaven Benchmark to make sure your overclocks are stable enough for daily use. They're also useful for quantifying just how much more performance you're getting out of your hardware.
GPU-Z is the final piece of the puzzle and although you don't technically need it, it's super helpful for checking your GPU and memory clock speeds.
Before you even start overclocking, it helps to know what sort of overclocks you can expect from your hardware. HWBOT is the easiest way to look up what overclocks other users are achieving. Our test bench included the GTX 650 TI and 7850 , which have average overclocks listed on the site.
It also helps to know how much real-world performance you'll be getting out of your overclocks. Although you probably don't need to run through an entire suite of benchmarks, having a baseline to refer to is useful. Run through 3DMark or Heaven Benchmark once to get your base scores.
Unigine's Heaven benchmark looks good and is packed with features.
Once you've got some averages in hand—for the 650 TI: 1,179MHz GPU and 1,687MHz memory—you're ready to start overclocking. Start by maxing out the Power Limit slider—this isn't the same as overvolting, the power limit is simply how much power your card can draw. Then grab the Core Clock slider and move it forward at 20MHz increments. After applying your changes, crank up the settings on Heaven Benchmark—quality at ultra, tessellation to extreme, anti-aliasing to 8x, and resolution at system—and run through it at least once by pressing F9 or clicking the "Benchmark" button. Keep an eye out for weird graphical artifacts—visual glitches that range from colorful lines of light to random off-color pixels across the screen—and for crashes. If the benchmark crashes to the desktop, seems to slow down dramatically, or gives you a lower frame rate or score upon completion, drop the clock speed by 10MHz until you can run through the benchmark without any problems.
When you've found the highest stable clock speed for your card, repeat step two with the memory clock slider. Your memory clock speed generally won't affect your frame rate or benchmark scores as much as the core clock speed, but it'll help, especially if you're running at a higher resolution.
Lock in both of your increased clock speeds, run through Heaven a final time, and you should be seeing higher frame rates and a higher score. Go wild and test out your overclocked card in your favorite games to make sure that it's stable enough for daily use—if it isn't, step down your GPU and memory clock speeds until it is. To be extra safe, you can leave Heaven running for a few hours to make sure you won't run into any problems during an extended gaming session.
Read on for information on overvolting, special situations, and the results of our overclocks.


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A Piece of the Past
Tom Crain — March 1, 2013
Cherished University lawn on a winning streak for historic preservation, sustainability practices and landscape management
The annual student graduation "Final Exercises" in early summer hosts 20,000 attendees with 6,000 graduating students marching down The Lawn during a two-hour ceremony. This is the one day of the year when The Lawn really takes a beating.
PHOTOS COURTESY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA.
"The Lawn" at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville is perhaps the most important, most governed, most historic and most trodden green space in America. You can thank Thomas Jefferson, one of the earliest American landscapers, for that.
Designed and built by the Father of the Constitution himself between 1817 and 1826, the University of Virginia encompasses just over 1,700 acres. The centerpoint of it all – "The Lawn" – is 4 acres of terraced turf with mature trees on all sides surrounded by the Academical Village, which spans another 150 acres. It is built into four terraces with two one-story Tuscan colonnades spanning the long sides and ending at the famous Rotunda. The east and west sides are anchored by five pavilions with a unique garden situated behind each one. Serpentine gravel pathways and stone walls separate the gardens from one another; straight walls of brick enclose the backs of each garden.
In 1987, UNESCO inscribed Jefferson's The Lawn (together with his Monticello, 5 miles down the road) as a World Heritage site. It's also designated a National Historic Landmark, appearing on the National Register of Historic Places and the Virginia Landmarks Register. The university's arboretum and landscaping committees, and two historic gardening clubs – the Garden Club of Virginia and Albermarle Garden Club – also have jurisdiction over such things as seasonal, native and tree plantings.
The campus landscaping team totals 80 individuals, including a full-time horticulturist and arborist. It works with the historic and horticultural committees and garden clubs that oversee six zones called the Central Grounds, North Grounds, West Grounds, Hospital, Observatory Hill (nature park area) and Ivy/250 (main roadway area). A different division manages the athletic fields. The team is equipped with every type of mowing equipment, including walk-behind mowers, turning mowers and five tractors with all implements. It also operates with 20 trucks and dump trucks, aerators, topdressers and soil cultivators.
The entire 4 acres of The Lawn were re-sodded in 2012. Work began in early July and the lawn, mostly tall fescue with some bluegrass, was finished during the winter holiday break.
The Lawn's grounds manager is Chris Ward. "For maintenance procedures, we operate independently of any governing committees," he says. "This includes fertilization, renovations and mowing." Ward's team is also responsible for storm clean up and snow removal. He got his turf training as assistant superintendent at Lake Monticello Golf Course, 20 miles southeast of the campus.
During its 187 years in existence, The Lawn has taken a real beating. In the early decades, a wire enclosure ineffectively prevented wayward cows from grazing. Then, in the years following the Civil War, tremendous efforts were made to keep everyone off The Lawn while major refurbishing was going on. A rickety fence was put in place that was often torn down and unsightly paths continued to be etched across The Lawn. In the 1880s and 1890s, new concrete sidewalks were poured across it in various places, but even that didn't help the condition of the grass that continued to be threatened as football and baseball became increasingly popular pastimes among the students.
In the first half of the century, the gardens fell into neglect with many of the enclosures disappearing and the interior planting disintegrated. The Garden Club of Virginia restored the gardens in the period from 1948 to 1965, creating them according to Jeffersonian ideals. Jefferson's plan for the University called for a garden behind each of the 10 pavilions, but he died without leaving a plan for each one.
Over the years during heavy rains, water would pool and not drain. The poor soil drainage qualities of compacting was blamed on the red Virginia clay that lay beneath. "The temporary fix was to 'drill and fill' using a soil conditioner," explains Ward. "An outside contractor would periodically drill .75-inch holes 8 feet deep to get the surface water to drain."
Today, 20,000 students criss-cross The Lawn when school is in session. "The one spring day every year when it really takes a beating is during 'Final Exercises,' when 20,000 chairs are placed on The Lawn for family and visitors who watch 6,000 graduating students walk down the center of The Lawn in a two-hour-long ceremony," says Ward.
Designed and built by Thomas Jefferson between 1817 and 1826, the University of Virginia encompasses just over 1,700 acres. The centerpoint of it all-"The Lawn"-is 4 acres of terraced turf with mature trees on all sides.
Last summer, beginning in early July and completed during the winter holiday break, one of the most significant and efficient renovations in The Lawn's long history took place. This included the first time that the entire 4 acres of grass had been re-sodded all at once.
The new turf consisted primarily of tall fescue with a small amount of bluegrass and a high-sand content base to aid drainage. "This is a hardy grass for our climate," says Ward. "It keeps its green appearance year-round. It's also known for quick green-up and ability to take abuse."
The renovation also included air spading and circling mulch around the trees and installing a new drainage system with drainage lines that ran the water into a storm drain system. A main collector line, approximately 800 feet long, was placed down the center of The Lawn with lateral drain lines spaced 10 feet apart and reaching 80 feet from center.
Besides the open lawn area, the surrounding 10 gardens behind each of the pavilions grab the most attention. Each garden consists of a unique set of features and flora combining to create a park-like setting open to faculty, students and visitors. Many of the gardens are traditional southern plantation-style featuring simple geometric designs typical of Jefferson's period with border rows of fruit trees, flowering shrub thickets and rectilinear beds at one time used for vegetables and herbs. Winding gravel pathways, white colonial wooden benches and white swinging wooden gates scattered throughout accent the foliage.
In recent years, the university's buildings and grounds have taken considerable steps toward sustainability. "Since we are part of the Chesapeake Bay watershed, we are under strict guidelines for fertilization," says Ward. His team operates with a nutrient management plan re-evaluated every three years.
"We limit our nitrogen applications to a level that sustains healthy turf growth and only apply phosphorous as prescribed through proper soil sampling," he explains. "We do not fertilize without taking a soil sample. We sample 30 to 50 sites a year and only fertilize when absolutely necessary."
Laying new soil and re-planting groundcover around the foundations of The Lawn pavilions during the 2012 renovation project.
As part of its new LEED certification plan, the university has already created six new green roofs planted with sedum on new or renovated buildings. To conserve water, Ward's team has created drainage ponds to suck up water. A water collection system from AC units has been instituted. It has also added collecting cisterns into various new landscapes.
Another sustainable factor that Ward and the rest of the landscaping team chooses not to interfere is the art of streaking The Lawn. Although undocumented, The Lawn is thought to host the highest frequency of streakers found anywhere in the U.S. This tradition gained a toehold as early as the late 1930s, peaking in the mid-1970s, and holding its own in the New Millennium. Custom has it that before one takes a degree from the university, they are to run buck-naked from the steps of the Rotunda down the 740-foot central lawn, kiss the statue of Homer and streak back up the lawn. Many do take this custom seriously, including one night in February 1974 when dozens of freshman students nearly broke the world streaking record.
Ward doesn't comment on this unsavory tradition, yet he must be pleased with the fact that no one has gotten injured on his watch and the surroundings he has created contributes to the safety, exuberance and aesthetics of the experience.
For the past 20 years, Tom Crain, based in Akron, Ohio, has been a regular contributor to B2B publications, including many in the green industry. You can contact him at tecrain@goingreenguy.com.
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About the Author Tom Crain
Tom Crain lives and works in Akron, Ohio, and is a regular contributor to Turf. Comment on an article or contact him at tecrain@goingreenguy.com.


It's not Prom or Graduation Evening unless you rent a prom party bus or limousine for you together with your close friends! United Coachways carries a fabulous variety of vehicle options that you can choose from in over 2,400 towns in the USA. We can help you find the perfect party bus or limo rental that suits your needs for prom.
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Standards as a springboard for IP success
Steve Reynolds, president, Imagine Communications and AIMS deputy chairman of the board discusses why AIMS is an important institution for the market's transition to AVoIP systems from SDI, and why the transition is so important
For decades, the broadcast industry relied on a standard and interoperable set of technologies for media creation and processing: SDI. People across production, post production, and transmission all used the same set of standards governing SDI, which delivered the high degree of interoperability and compliance necessary to ensure that two devices equipped with SDI interfaces would work together.
Throughout the industry's migration from SDI to IP, AIMS has been working to foster adoption of a common set of standards that afford the video engineering community that same level of interoperability and confidence in using IP to build end-to-end systems. Without this committed focus, the move toward an IP future would have been a bumpy ride.
In the last year before we formed AIMS, back in 2015, there was a clear danger of fragmentation or splintering with respect to IP adoption because so many different groups and vendors were working on their own solutions. We were looking at four or five different proprietary implementations that were non-compatible, and that would have been a disastrous path. Although the industry's move toward IP was inevitable, a fragmented approach to implementation would have slowed down the critical early progress being made at that point.
The only response that made sense was to come together and figure out a common roadmap, a common language, and a common message to drive adoption across the broader market. Committed to that mission as we launched AIMS, we focused on creating what we call the AIMS roadmap, which outlines a set of standards that enable interoperability across different systems and users. From the very beginning, AIMS collaborated with key technology and standards development groups to make sure that the roadmap we formally adopted was aligned with the direction those groups are going.
We partnered up with organisations including the Video Services Forum (VSF), which had already introduced a roadmap of sorts with its TR-03 and TR-04 technical recommendations. Through the work of SMPTE, those recommendations — along with standards from AES and NMOS specifications from AMWA — were incorporated into the SMPTE ST 2110 and SMPTE ST 2022 standards that today serve as the foundation for IP infrastructure for broadcast.
The same people driving standards development within VSF, SMPTE, AES, and AMWA are active participants within AIMS, and we recruited a core group of vendors and end users to join the alliance and bring momentum to adoption of standards-based IP.
That's the role AIMS has played. Looking at the breadth of SMPTE ST 2110 adoption today, it seems we did the right thing. Because a significant segment of the industry agreed on that common roadmap early on, we've been able to move forward in realising the potential of IP. Over the past five years of work, we've been able to make five years of progress.
Over this time, SMPTE ST 2110 has become the de facto IP standard for every part of the broadcast industry, from servers, colour grading, and processing to contribution links. IP implementations are occurring all around the globe — and even in the cloud, with SMPTE ST 2110 running natively in a handful of cloud implementations.
Today, AIMS continues to execute on its original mission of promoting standards-based IP, and we continue to add new members. (We welcome both suppliers and end users to join as members!) End users are a valuable part of the AIMS community because they bring attention to new use cases and problems that need solving, and this is exactly how the new Internet Protocol Media Experience (IPMX) set of specifications and standards came about.
AIMS members dictate the direction the alliance will take in its work, and conversations among members clearly pointed to the Pro AV industry's need for standards-based IP. Like the broadcast industry, the Pro AV market has been heavily reliant on SDI. As we looked into the requirements of Pro AV, we found the benefits of IP adoption to be even more compelling for that market than for broadcast.|
In short, a standards-based approach to IP for the Pro AV market would give countless organisations, from houses of worship to educational institutions and multinational companies, access to the many benefits of the increasingly mature global IP industry: lower-cost cabling, greater flexibility enabled by IP networking, rapidly dropping price points for IP infrastructure, and increasing density of switching and routing networks.
IPMX takes advantage of the R&D and investment in standards governing broadcast use cases and applies them to the requirements of Pro AV applications, which already leverage a great deal of broadcast technology. Given the success of SMPTE ST 2110 across the broadcast industry and the need for interoperable IP across the Pro AV industry, we feel confident that IPMX will facilitate immense and exciting change in a broad array of new implementations.
The industry has found that there is no production use case and no scale that standards-based IP can't handle, and the economics of moving to SMPTE ST 2110 have likewise been proven out. Going forward, we can focus more on making IP systems easier to use, configure, and monitor, and that's just what AMWA is doing with its expanding collection of NMOS specifications. With functionality such as auto discovery and the ability of devices to self-configure as they join the network, IP will soon offer many more operational benefits than SDI. The role of control systems will become richer. We'll see advances in monitoring and automated exception handling.
An open standards-based platform invites in more software developers, as well as vendors building hardware and systems. New technologies and products will take advantage of increasingly robust IP standards and specifications, and all of these developments will combine to drive progress toward a better TCO.
The video industry has been fortunate in being able to ride the upward trajectory of the larger IP industry. But with all the advantages of IP come concerns common to IP networks. Thus, for AIMS, an ongoing focus will be educating the industry about best practices with respect to security. We continue to host webinars and industry events, such as the upcoming IP Oktoberfest, to continue supporting the migration to IP, and we'll be demonstrating how to build an end-to-end implementation in IP that is truly resilient and has the proper security wrapped around it to ensure that neither the infrastructure nor operations can be compromised.
Fortunately, a growing generation of IP-aware engineers in broadcast has the knowledge necessary to build such implementations. What's more, as they move out beyond major broadcast centres and production facilities, we'll see even more creative and sophisticated use of IP in the field. Thanks largely to the industry's commitment to standards-based IP, the future is bright, and we can expect broadening use of IP technologies across even more regions, organisations, and use cases.
Tags ⋅ AIMS ⋅ AVoIP ⋅ SDI
AV over IP: a standards odyssey
Putting together the IP puzzle: AV systems integration and IP networks
AV-IT
Arista debuts IP Flash Caster AV-over-IP distribution system
MSolutions updates IP Network Analyser software to test AV over IP performance with NETGEAR Switches
AIMS IP Oktoberfest 2021 registration now open for broadcast and AV professionals
Barix to debut IP speaker device at ISE
Understanding IP video technologies
IP networking Q&A – Nick Phillips, Pakedge


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The International Media Conference 2010
JMSC Radio Bulletins
JMSC @ ABC Campus News: latest …
Published by admin at 25 April 2010
ABC, the American Broadcast Company, has broadcast two more stories made by the JMSC Campus News team.
Phillippa Stewart reporting for ABC News on Campus
MJ student, Phillippa Stewart reported on the American team's efforts at the Hong Kong Rubgy 7s. Watch her report here.
"It has been a fantastic experience putting together packages for ABC," Stewart said.
"I learnt something new at every stage – from the shooting to the editing. It's also been a great opportunity to get out and report in Hong Kong (and, really, who wouldn't enjoy meeting the USA rugby team!). I felt a real sense of achievement seeing my piece go on air and knowing the hours of work that went behind a 1min45 clip. Producing stories for ABC has definitely put into practice everything that we learn at the JMSC."
Deirdre Wang Morris reporting for ABC News on Campus
MJ student, Deirdre Wang Morris reported on the forthcoming Expo 2010 in Shanghai and how the Americans are getting involved. Watch her report here.
Morris says that her childhood abroad has helped her to pitch to a North American audience: "I had the advantage of growing up in Canada, which Americans joke is the "51st state." Though, sometimes, if the story is interesting or quirky enough, it doesn't need a direct connection to the United States. For example, the Shanghai marriage market is such a strange concept to Westerners that ABC was interested."
Both of the young reporters credit the teamwork involved for making their reports possible.
Phillippa Stewart says: "Kirti Nandwani was a massive help in organising the meeting and also doing some of the filming. Roy Ching and Ka Ho Ng were also amazing help at the editing stages. I couldn't have got it off in time without them."
Deirdre Wang Morris says: "We all work together on the ABC team and it couldn't happen with just one person. Jim Laurie, Rob McBride, Tem Hansen, and Pip Stewart have all been instrumental in making my packages happen."
Jim Laurie, the Director of the Broadcasting Programme at the JMSC, and the man responsible for the ABC/JMSC collaboration, says the response to content that the JMSC has been providing ABC has been extremely positive.
"ABC's commissioning editor in New York, Christina Caron, wrote me to say 'your students have consistently impressed us with the quality of their pitches, and their reporting!' As a result, Christina and the executive in charge of the ABC News on Campus programme, John Green, have invited the University of Hong Kong team to visit ABC's New York headquarters in June."


On Tuesday 4th November 1980 the E's welcomed Hitchin Town to Southbury Road for what was then a Berger Isthmian Premier Division game. Both team's had just played important FA Cup 4th Qualifying round games with The Canaries going down 0-1 to Sutton Coldfield Town at Top Field with the E's winning comfortably 5-0 at home to Epsom and Ewell. Epsom (then of Isthmian Division One) had beaten Eastbourne Town, Margate and Ashford Town only to be beaten at Southbury Road. The game was the start of the E's famous run to the 4th round proper and the game versus Barnsley at White Hart Lane.
The E's opponents in Round One were to be another Isthmian Division One side in Wembley who had a tremendous run in the competition that season beating Leytonstone Ilford, Lethchworth GC (after a replay), Chelmsford City and Dover (after a replay).
The E's were riding high top of the division with Hitchin Town down in 17th place for this game. The clubs had met twice before in the season even with it being only the beginning of November. It was a 2-2 draw in a league encounter at Top Field with Lee Holmes and Ron Howell scoring for the E's. There had also been a journey to Hertfordshire in the Hitachi Cup where a 0-1 win was gained via Dave Waite's solitary goal.
The E's had just gained their second piece of silverware for the season when they had lifted the Berger Isthmian League Five-A-Side tournament at Wembley Arena. The Squad was Pitcher, Barrett, Howell, Tone, King and Ashford. The programme details the route to the final the team had on the night being a 2-0 win against Walthamstow Avenue (Steve King scoring both goals), Dagenham 4-2 in the quarter final (Barrett, Howell, King and Tone), Woking 1-0 in the semi final (courtesy of Howell) and then in the final defeating Harrow Borough 2-0 with goals from King and John Tone. Tone had just made his 350th appearance for the club in the cup game versus Epsom.
The league table as stated shows the E's on top as of 1.11.80 followed by Dagenham, Slough and Dulwich Hamlet. The Rebel's eventually pipped the E's to the title by two points. Hendon, bottom of the table in November with only 3 wins eventually made it to sixth place in the final table with Woking then in mid-table finishing bottom of the table on 37 points (3 deducted).
The 1980/81 season was the last the E's were to spend in the Isthmian League for a decade with them as we all know going on to great success in the Alliance Premier League/Gola League in the 1980's.
The programme cost just 10p on the night and shows a marvellous picture of the old main stand with the white picket fence and old floodlights which were replaced with the bigger 'E' floodlights in the 1980's.
Veteran fan's of Enfield Town and Enfield 1893 FC may indeed remember this game and the five-a-side victory at Wembley Arena?
I was at the game when the E's thrashed us Epsom & Ewell 5-0 in 1980, we were the skinheads singing our hearts out for a goal from our team. Thanks for a great day out Enfield, you had some loud support that day, you also had a good clubhouse and a nice tidy ground back then. It was one hell of a booze-up back at Epsom FC clubhouse after the game that night. Good luck for the future lads.


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Mere Log
Phase V
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Our Heroes Need Their Identity Back
Scientists of Pakistan
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China building 'advanced warship' for Pakistan: report
By Web Desk on	 January 2, 2019 News Region
BEIJING: China is building an export version of one of its 'advanced warships' and will deliver it to Pakistan as part of a major arms deal, China Daily reported Wednesday.
China State Shipbuilding Corp, a large State-owned defense contractor, told the newspaper that the ship is a version of the Chinese Navy's most advanced guided missile frigate, without specifying its type.
"In late December it said the ship is under construction at its Hudong-Zhonghua shipyard in Shanghai, noting it will be equipped with modern detection and weapon systems and will be capable of anti-ship, anti-submarine and air-defense operations."
Type 054A is the best frigate in service with the PLA Navy. Military sources said the ship has a fully loaded displacement of about 4,000 metric tons and is equipped with advanced radars and missiles. About 30 Type 054As are in service with the PLA Navy, observers said.
Cao Weidong, a senior researcher at the PLA's Naval Military Studies Research Institute, said that in the past, the Pakistani Navy would ask its Chinese contractors to use Western radars or weapons on ships constructed by Chinese shipbuilders because it believed Western naval technologies were better than Chinese ones.
"But it seems that all weapons and radars on the new ship will be Chinese products, which reflects our progress in the industry and the Pakistani Navy's confidence in our technology and capability," he said.
An insider in China's shipbuilding sector with knowledge of the Type 054AP program told China Daily on condition of anonymity that the ship is the largest and most powerful combat vessel China has ever exported.
"Based on pictures circulating on the internet, the ship will have vertical launch cells that can fire Chinese HQ-16 air-defense missiles and other kinds of missiles. Vertical launch cells will bring flexibility to the user in terms of weapons portfolio, thus giving it a stronger fighting capability," he said, adding that the Type 054AP is the best frigate Pakistan can access in the international market.
"The service of Type 054APs will double the combat power of the Pakistani Navy's surface fleet," he said.
Tags: advanced warship | warship for Pakistan
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Founding of the Novatech Group Inc. by Raymond Ouellette based on his vision of doorglass as first and foremost a design product, not a construction product.
Addition of Vernova Creations Inc. to the company's portfolio, along with many different types of glass and stained glass.
Opening of a distribution centre for the Ontario market.
Addition of Novaprofil Plastics Inc. to the company's portfolio, and door frames, windows, and many other products to its product line.
Certification under ISO 9001, which Novatech considers one of the most prestigious international standards.
Start of PVC patio door production, with the Imagine® patio door with built-in retractable blinds between the panes as the flagship product.
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Addition of Novatech Doors Inc. to the company's portfolio and steel doors to its product line.
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Acquisition of Resiver Patio Doors Inc., which later becomes Novatech Patio Doors Inc.
Opening of Novatech Europe, which manufactures products for the European market.
Raymond Ouellette announces the appointment of Harold Savard as the President and General Manager of the Novatech Group.
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Opening of a patio door manufacturing facility and door panel and doorglass distribution center in Martinsville, USA.
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Addition of « Laurier Architectural. », a glass manufacturer in Laurier Station.
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