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Tu Bishvat – Planting the Jewish People in Their Land
Israel's wilderness stage is necessary preperation for entering the land, but cognition of the fact that the wilderness is not an end in itself constitutes affliction. The Jewish People were created with the purpose of living in the land of Israel.
Rabbi S. Yossef WeitzenTu Bishvat 5763
3081visibility
Dedicated to the memory of
Simha Bat Hana
1. The Wilderness – Difficulty and Hunger?
2. The Generation of the Wilderness – A Nation's Adolescence
a. Between Childhood and Adulthood
b. National Potentials Fail to Find Expression
c. Why did the Israelites not enter Israel immediately?
3. Tu BiShvat – Planting the Jewish People in Their Land
In order to understand the spiritual significance of Tu BiShvat (the Fifteenth of the Month of Shevat), let us examine the words of Or HaChaim regarding the verse, "And it shall be, when you come to the land..." (Deuteronomy 26:1):
"'And it shall be, when you come to the land...' - It says 'And it shall be' which [according to the sages of the Midrash (cf. Bereshit Rabba 42:3)] is an expression implying joy, in order to teach us that only the act of settling the land of Israel is deserving of joy, as indicated in the verse (Psalms 126:2), "[When God will return the captivity of Zion...] then will our mouths become filled with laughter."
Coming to the Land of Israel involves a special kind of joy. Despite all of the pleasantness of walking through the wilderness, the nation of Israel was not able to attain satisfaction from their plight in the desert.
However, when we stop to consider what happened in the wilderness, we think of an entire nation on the move, pillars of smoke and fire, manna, Miriam's Well, and many other miraculous events which encircled the Jewish people on their journey. What aspect of the wilderness, then, could have caused discomfort, dissatisfaction?
The sages of the Midrash (Midrash Rabba Kohelet 5:11) pose this question upon the backdrop of the verse, "He made life difficult for you, letting you go hungry..." (Deuteronomy 8:2). They ask, "Did not the Almighty give them food in the form of manna?" Why is the period of the wilderness described as a period of difficulty and hunger? Numerous Midrashim depict the Children of Israel reclining, eating, and praising God. They describe the manna as special heavenly food that could take on any flavor a person desired. This being the case, how are we to understand the words, "He made life difficult for you, letting you go hungry..."?
Indeed, the difficulty of life in the wilderness did not result from a deficiency of an element vital to our daily existence. In this respect, we are commanded to remember all of the goodness which we enjoyed in the desert, and the fact that we lacked nothing. The difficulty relates to the aspect of national growth.
The generation of the wilderness may be seen as representing the stage of human development known as adolescence. In adolescence, man stands between childhood on the one hand, in which he is dependent on others, and adulthood on the other, in which he is responsible for himself. Adolescence is the period in which one becomes independent of his father and mother and begins to recognize his own faculties and propensities.
The problem during this stage in life is that while one's adult powers are beginning to burgeon, they have yet to mature to an extent that allows him to divorce himself completely from dependence upon those around him. The soul of the youth has begun to taste the taste of adulthood, but it is unable to take action, behaving in the practical world in an entirely responsible manner. Sometimes the difficultly is the opposite. The adolescent wants to remain in childhood, but life forces him to rid himself of dependence on others. He is called upon to behave like an adult.
Adolescence, then, is a stage in life which, because of its interim nature, creates difficulties and hardships. One desires to be at once both child and adult. To be a child is very nice, and to be an adult also appears wonderful. But to be stuck in the middle is tormenting.
This phenomenon, which happens to individuals, also befell the nation of Israel in the wilderness: on the one hand, the complete dependency upon Egypt to which the nation had become accustomed found expression in an unwillingness to take responsibility, an unwillingness to initiate. This is akin to childhood. It is true that life in Egypt was difficult and bitter, but, with the passing of time, the unbearable experiences of the past are forgotten. Only the pleasant aspect of freedom from responsibility remains in one's memory. On the other hand, in the wilderness, the Almighty begins to devolve responsibility upon the Israelites. He gives them small tasks. A society containing just systems must be established, a Tabernacle must be erected.
The nation of Israel, beginning to get a taste of its freedom, thirsts for great tasks. It desires even more freedom. To be stuck between two poles makes for an uncomfortable chapter in our national life. Lacking are both increased independence and added responsibility. Therefore, the verse says, "He made life difficult for you..."
In addition to the expression, "He made life difficult for you," the Torah says that God "let you go hungry." What is the meaning of this latter expression?
God instilled man with the Divine image. It is this image which allows us to grasp perfect unity and relate to the Infinite. We were thus provided with a spiritual capacity to appreciate unity as opposed to fragmentariness. When is a person able to feel complete? When he occupies himself with ends in themselves. All preoccupation with mere means to some other goal afflicts the soul. The soul of man wants to be at peace, not just to take steps which will lead to a sense of completeness. The goal of leaving Egypt is to arrive in Israel:
"I will take you to be my nation, and I will be to you as a God. You will know that I am God your Lord, the One who is bringing you out from under the Egyptian subjugation. I will bring you to the land regarding which I raised My hand, [swearing] that I would give it to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. I will give it to you as an inheritance. I am God" (Exodus 6:7,8).
Anything which gets in the way of this goal afflicts the soul. The wilderness stage is indeed necessary as preperation for entering Israel, but cognition of the fact that the wilderness is not an end in itself constitutes affliction. No doubt life in the wilderness was played out on a very high spiritual plane. However, because we were created with the purpose of living in the land of Israel, clearly our inner potential was suited for life therein. We find, then, that being in the wilderness, much of our inner potential could not be availed of. All of these faculties had to be held up inside of us, restrained, until that time when we would be able to give them expression.
The situation is one of hunger, wherein we have no choice but to starve all of our capacities which are suited for the Land of Israel. In the wilderness there was nothing upon which these faculties could satisfy themselves. Therefore, the Torah depicts a situation of hunger. We were living through a period in which we had to "flee" from the world of activity to a place of isolation, to a place where natural life is not permitted to flow.
It is possible to compare the period of the wilderness to one in which a person studies a vocation, or even Torah. A person wants to reach great heights in life, but in order to realize his goals he must first be willing to spend a period of time in training. During this period of time a person must separate himself from the world of practice; he must, as it were, "enter Noah's Ark." He must concentrate on his studies. Generally, the type of study which bears most fruit is that which is focused on a clearly defined subject, as opposed to jumping from subject to subject. A situation in which one is unable to satiate himself from whatever he sees and whatever he happens to come upon is a situation of hunger.
Hence, we can understand why the wilderness period was so important and why God did not bring us straight into the Land of Israel. In this regard, the Midrash teaches (Midrash Rabbah Shemot 20;16):
"R' Shimon bar Abba said in the name of R' Yochanan, 'When the Canaanites heard that the nation of Israel was preparing to enter the land, they went about chopping down their saplings. However, when they saw that the Children of Israel were wandering for forty years in the wilderness, they concluded that the Israelites planned to make their home in the desert. Therefore they went about planting and growing trees. Then [God] brought the Children of Israel entered the land.'
Rabbenu HaGadol says, 'Because God wished to bring the fear of Israel upon idolaters, He detained them in the wilderness for forty years, illuminating their way with a pillar of fire by day and a pillar of smoke by night. The idolaters heard about this and were seized by fear, as it is written, "May fear and terror seize them...," and after this it is written, "You shall bring them and implant them on the mount of Your heritage" (Exodus 15:16,17).'"
In the first explanation, the Midrash teaches us that sometimes God delays goodness because, through causing such a delay, our appreciation of God's kindness grows. However, according to the second explanation, in order for the Jewish people to burgeon into a great nation with a supernatural propensity, one day is not enough. Forty years of miracles are necessary in order to give expression to the unique Israeli genius.
The greater a person's aspirations, the longer the period of time necessary for preparation. In order to become a cobbler, a month-long course is sufficient to master the trade. In order to become a doctor, one needs to study for seven years. In order to be a Torah scholar - a "doctor of the soul" - it is necessary to study for an entire lifetime. We also find that the Jewish people are the last nation to emerge among the the world's family of nations. This is due to the fact that our task is paramount.
Tu Bishvat represents the fulfillment of the two things which we so greatly lacked in the wilderness.
The first aspect of Tu Bishvat is its being the New Year for tree planting. On this day a new year begins as far as the life of a tree is concerned. This is different than the period of the wilderness in which we were traveling, not "planted" in one place. Planting betokens the fact that we are in our natural environment. We are not in a interim. We know where we belong. We are torn neither by the longing for the past nor the force of the future. This is the first reconciliation of the wilderness period.
Secondly, when we are in our land, we are in a place in which we can give expression to our earthly faculties. We need not inhibit any of our talents from finding expression. This matter is manifested in an additional aspect of Tu Bishvat - it is also a New Year Day signifying the end of the tree's three year "'Orla" period, during which it is forbidden to eat or derive benefit from the tree's fruit. The fruits are permitted only if they ripen before Tu Bishvat:
"When you come to the [promised] land and plant any tree bearing edible [fruit], you must avoid its fruit as a forbidden growth ("'Orla"). For three years [the fruit] shall be a forbidden growth, and it may not be eaten. Then, in the fourth year, all [the tree's] fruit shall be holy, and it shall be something for which God is praised" (Leviticus 19:23,24).
On this verse, Or HaChaim comments,
"Three commandments are mentioned here: entering the land..., planting all manner of fruit trees (thus improving the land of Israel), and observing the ''Orla' period.
'Orla betokens a preparatory period wherein one must display patience, waiting for the fruit to become permissible. On Tu BiShvat we reach the grand moment of transition from a period of waiting and restraint to one of actualization of latent potential.
It makes sense, then, that the contents of the Book of Deuteronomy were spoken by Moses in the the month of Shevat - "And it came to pass that on the first day of the eleventh month (i.e., Shevat) Moses told the Children of Israel everything that God had commanded him" (Deuteronomy 1:3): Shevat is the month of the land of Israel and Deuteronomy is the book of the land of Israel – a perfect match.
Rabbi S. Yossef Weitzen
Rabbi of Psagot settlement, teaches in the Beit El Yeshiva.
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Israel Defense Forces
Investigating the Death of Shireen Abu Akleh
By Amichai Cohen
Monday, September 19, 2022, 9:46 AM
Demonstrators in London, commemorating the Nakbda and protesting the death of Shireen Abu Akleh in May. (Source: Alisdare Hickson, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons)
On May 11, the Palestinian Health Ministry announced the death of Shireen Abu Akleh. Abu Akleh, who reported on the Israel-Palestine conflict for Al Jazeera, was shot in May while reporting on an Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) operation in the Jenin refugee camp in the West Bank. Israeli soldiers had entered the camp to detain Palestinians suspected of committing security offenses. The IDF faced resistance, including gunfire. Toward the end of the operation, Abu Akleh was hit in the head by a bullet and died almost instantly. Another journalist, Ali Samudi, was injured.
The Abu Akleh incident has continued to be a a public relations debacle for the IDF. Immediately following the incident, the Palestinian Authority claimed that Abu Akleh was killed by IDF fire. While the IDF did not rule out the possibility that Abu Akleh was shot by a soldier, it suggested that a more probable scenario was that Palestinian fire caused Abu Akleh's death. In its final conclusions, however, which it released on Sept. 5, the Israeli investigative team acknowledged that Abu Akleh was probably shot by an Israeli soldier. Still, the team concluded that even if an Israeli soldier shot Abu Akleh, it was because he honestly mistook her as a target and that, therefore, no criminal investigation should be opened.
In response, some U.S. lawmakers rejected the Israeli investigation and demanded that the U.S. government appoint an independent U.S. commission. The IDF surely bungled the investigation along the way, insisting that it receive a bullet that ended up not amounting to much, and eventually admitting what was always inferable, which is that Abu Akleh was likely killed by an IDF soldier. While incompetence in handling public relations does not equate to criminal responsibility, a real question remains: Did the IDF do all that it should have done to find out whether a violation of the law occurred in this case and to make sure that such incidents will not happen again? Unfortunately, the information that the IDF has so far made public does not provide a conclusive response to this question.
The Investigations
Abu Akleh's death attracted significant media attention globally. Not only was Abu Akleh a fairly well-known journalist, she was also an U.S. citizen. Coupled with a U.S. administration eager to prove that it is promoting a balanced approach in the ongoing Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the circumstances created a perfect storm. The Israeli government faced significant political pressure internationally, but especially from the U.S., to investigate the incident.
Perhaps due to this pressure, IDF Chief of Staff Gen. Aviv Kochavi appointed a team to investigate the matter, headed by Col. Meni Liberty. The team's initial report, released on May 13—only a few days after Abu Akleh's death—claimed that it could not reach any determination as to who shot Abu Akleh without examining the bullet that caused her death. The Palestinian Authority, which held the bullet, refused to turn it over to Israel. After much back and forth, the bullet was examined under the supervision of a U.S. general. As it turned out, the bullet was too damaged to provide conclusive proof as to the identity of the shooter, or even whether the shot was fired by the IDF or by Palestinian militants.
In the meantime, leading global media outlets—such as CNN, the New York Times, Bellingcat, AP, and the Washington Post—conducted their own investigations based on video footage filmed at the scene before, after, and during the shooting, as well as on video soundtrack analysis and eyewitness accounts. The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights also investigated the incident. These reports concluded that the most probable scenario was that an IDF soldier shot Abu Akleh, though neither the press nor the U.N. commented on what might have motivated this shooting.
On Sept. 5, the IDF published the final report of the investigative team appointed by its chief of staff. The most important paragraph in the report is the following:
According to the investigations and their findings, it appears that it is not possible to unequivocally determine the source of the gunfire which hit and killed Ms. Abu Akleh. However, there is a high possibility that Ms. Abu Akleh was accidentally hit by IDF gunfire fired toward suspects identified as armed Palestinian gunmen during an exchange of fire in which life-threatening, widespread and indiscriminate shots were fired toward IDF soldiers. It is also important to emphasize and clarify that throughout the entire incident, IDF gunfire was fired with the intent of neutralizing the terrorists who shot at IDF soldiers. An additional possibility is that Ms. Abu Akleh was hit by bullets fired by armed Palestinian gunmen toward the direction of the area in which she was present in.
Based on this, the IDF's Military Advocate General decided that a criminal investigation regarding the shooting would not be opened.
The conclusions of the investigative team address three separate factual questions. First, who fired the bullet? Second, was the bullet a random projectile or one directed at a specific target? Third, was Abu Akleh the target—and if so, why?
In the initial weeks after the incident, disagreement seemed to focus on the first question about who fired the shot. This was why the IDF had insisted on receiving the actual bullet and examining it. While the IDF did not completely deny the possibility that an Israeli soldier fired the shot, the military argued that it was more likely that a Palestinian had pulled the trigger and that it was impossible to verify this issue without examining the actual bullet. To that end, the IDF halted its inquiries while the Palestinians refused to transfer the bullet. Yet ultimately, as explained above, the bullet itself did not provide any conclusive proof.
This conclusion put the IDF in an uneasy situation. Although the military did not initially deny that one of its soldiers fired the shot, its public statements emphasized the Palestinians' lack of willingness to cooperate in the investigation. At the end of the day, the IDF's insistence that its ability to identify whether one of its own soldiers hinged on possession of the bullet undermined its credibility regarding the entire incident.
Regarding the second question, namely whether the shot was a random one, some media reports stated that emerging evidence pointed to the conclusion that the shots were targeted ones. Once the IDF admitted that it was probably an Israeli soldier who fired the shots, it seemed reasonable to think that these shots were not totally random.
But the still unanswered question is why, then, an IDF soldier fired at Abu Akleh. The initial IDF report suggested that if Abu Akleh was shot by an IDF soldier, perhaps it was because she was hit by IDF bullets directed at a Palestinian gunman she was standing near. This claim was rejected by the press, which pointed to footage showing that Abu Akleh was nowhere near the Palestinian soldiers.
It seems that the IDF has abandoned this claim, as it is not mentioned in its final report. Instead, the report states that the gunfire was conducted "toward suspects identified as armed Palestinian gunmen." In other words, the IDF claims that an IDF soldier mistakenly identified Abu Akleh as a Palestinian gunman. This claim is puzzling: Investigative reports by the media clearly show that Abu Akleh was wearing both a helmet and a distinctive vest marked PRESS. Moreover, although the soldiers indeed faced gunfire, the same press reports found that the shots were not fired where the journalists, including Abu Akleh, were positioned. Perhaps the solution to the puzzle is that the shooting soldier had only a limited view of the area. In the Israeli newspaper Haaretz, Amos Harel reported that the dominant theory of the IDF's investigators was that the soldier who shot Abu Akleh was firing from within an armored vehicle, through a small opening, that provided only a limited view to the shooting soldier. But ultimately, this question remains unanswered.
Rules of Engagement in Operations in Israeli Territories
The IDF's September report garnered significant political criticism in the U.S. Some lawmakers called for the soldier responsible for Abu Akleh's death to be "held accountable." State Department Deputy Spokesperson Vedant Patel called for a review of the IDF's "policies and practices" surrounding the rules of engagement, doubling down on Secretary of State Antony Blinken's call for a review of these rules in August.
Notably, while pushing the IDF to review its practices, the U.S. government did not suggest that an Israeli soldier may have identified Abu Akleh as a journalist and fired intentionally at her. Over the course of the long and bloody history of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, Israeli soldiers have sometimes been accused of directing their fire at innocent bystanders (though these claims have, in most cases, been discredited). In the very few cases where there was a solid base to the allegations, the soldiers involved have been prosecuted.
In this case, the main thrust behind the U.S.'s call on Israel to further investigate the matter seems to be its view that either the soldier violated the rules of engagement and acted recklessly, and should therefore be investigated and prosecuted—or that the soldier acted according to the rules of engagement, and the Abu Akleh incident shows that the rules should therefore be reviewed and potentially revised.
Publicly, Israel has continued to reject the U.S.'s requests. Prime Minister Yair Lapid, currently entangled in a difficult election campaign before Israelis head to the polls in November, stated that "no one will dictate to us Rules of Engagement when we are fighting for our lives." Lapid emphasized that "[j]ust one man can decide the military's rules of engagement and that is the chief of staff," further claiming, "I will not allow the prosecution of any soldier who was protecting himself against armed terrorists." This last statement might perhaps be inaccurate, since the prime minister has no role in deciding whether criminal investigations should be commenced. Be that as it may, the Israeli position is clear—the rules of engagement should not be changed following the death of Shireen Abu Akleh, nor should any soldier be subjected to a criminal investigation following the incident.
Lapid used strong words to convey his position and was perhaps too quick to reject the U.S.'s position. The views he presented, however, are rooted in two long-standing policies, the first concerning when a criminal investigation should be opened, and the second concerning the IDF's rules of engagement in enforcement operations in the territories.
Rules of engagement are internal military directives that define, among other things, when a soldier may open fire. The rules should conform to a state's obligations according to international law and domestic law and apply those to concrete situations. Israeli rules of engagement differentiate between cases of law enforcement and cases of "conduct of hostilities." In both cases, soldiers are allowed to shoot only if they identify a threat. But how certain should the soldier be before opening fire? In law enforcement situations, troops may open fire only if the target is clearly identified and poses imminent danger to the lives of others. Soldiers may also employ nonlethal force (for instance, firing rubber bullets or shooting at suspects' legs) only if "detainment of suspected person procedure" is employed. This procedure requires soldiers to warn the suspect, both verbally and with warning shots, before they are allowed to shoot. In conduct of hostilities cases, when soldiers are under constant threat, they are not required to follow this full procedure. Soldiers may shoot when they identify a target they believe to be a threat, even without attempting to detain that person.
The problem is that, while the law might be clear, many real-world situations defy clear categorization. In the Abu Akleh case, IDF soldiers entered the Jenin refugee camp as part of counterterrorism activities, in order to detain Palestinians suspected of terrorism. They encountered resistance, including shots fired.
Israel has always maintained that counterterrorism activities in which soldiers face gunfire, such as the incident in Jenin, should be treated as conduct-of-hostilities situations, allowing troops to use firepower relatively flexibly. Critics advocate that law enforcement standards should be used in most circumstances unless a true "battle" erupts, where all enemy forces are considered a threat.
The Possibility of Criminal Investigations
The IDF's Military Advocate General has the authority to order a criminal investigation, conducted by the Investigative Branch of the Military Police. The results of the criminal investigation are submitted to the Military Advocate General, which may indict the soldier before a military court. Notwithstanding the discussion above, soldiers are supposed to identify their targets. If a soldier did not identify Abu Akleh correctly, is there a need for criminal investigation to determine whether the soldier was criminally negligent in firing at her?
On one hand, the Abu Akleh case raises factual issues and ambiguities that a criminal investigation may be well positioned to resolve. Were there shots directed at the soldiers at the time that Abu Akleh was shot? Why might the soldier have identified a reporter, wearing a vest and a helmet that identified her as press, as a militant? Was there some indication that there was a real threat coming from the direction where Abu Akleh stood, such that Israeli fire was warranted?
On the other hand, in any country, opening a criminal investigation against a soldier regarding behavior during a military operation is a dramatic step. This is especially so in countries such as Israel, where service in the army is mandatory. A criminal investigation is typically opened only if there is evidence that a grave violation of the law—such as intentional shooting of civilians during armed conflict—took place.
In 2013, the Israeli Turkel Commission, entrusted with examining the IDF's investigations of suspected violations of international law, recommended a middle path. In cases of factual uncertainty regarding soldiers' conduct, the commission recommended that the investigation be conducted by an independent fact-finding mechanism. The mechanism is to be headed by a retired general, and the factual investigations are to be conducted by reserve officers. The Military Advocate General is responsible for ordering the investigation of suspicions by these fact-finding commissions. Reports are submitted to the Military Advocate General, which decides whether to launch a full criminal investigation based on the report. The mechanism has been used in the past, especially in large-scale operations (such as in Protective Edge, the Israeli military operation in the Gaza Strip, in 2014).
In the Abu Akleh case, a different procedure was used. The investigative team was headed by an officer in active service, appointed by the IDF's chief of staff. This was not the kind of fact-finding investigation envisioned by the Turkel Commission—and it is doubtful whether this kind of commission satisfies international legal requirements for an effective and independent investigation, due to its makeup and appointment process.
There is also a question as to whether the investigative team provided recommendations that could mitigate the risk of such an incident happening again. Unfortunately, if such recommendations were submitted, the IDF did not publicize them.
Situations of violent conflict are dangerous, and mistakes in identification during conflicts are unfortunate, though common, occurrences. Which institution should investigate these cases is an important question. Perhaps even more important is whether the IDF implemented lessons learned in the Abu Akleh case that would lower the danger that such cases will happen again in the future. Regretfully, the final conclusions of the investigation are less than convincing that this is the case.
Israel Defense Forces,
Amichai Cohen teaches international law and national security law at the Ono Academic College, Israel, where he previously served as the dean of the Faculty of Law. He is also a senior fellow at the Israel Democracy Institute. Cohen received his LL.B. degree from the Hebrew University in Jerusalem and his LL.M. and J.S.D. degrees from Yale Law School.
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» Finances
» Open data
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» Weather services on the Internet
» Division into regions
» Marine weather online
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» Site map
Weather services on the Internet
Marine weather online
Personnel and jobs
The Marine weather and the Baltic Sea section has observations and forecasts for the sea. A subpage of the Marine weather map service has more detailed information on observations and forecasts of different variables.
The purpose of the Marine Weather chart is to supply information on a chart template on prevailing conditions intended specifically for travel at sea.
Tuuli = wind.
Buttons on the left side can be used for zooming the chart in or out, centring the chart on the location of the viewer's own device, showing harbours and lighthouses on the chart, and looking at the colour coding of variables related to the weather and the sea.
The visible variables are selected by using the buttons on the right side. The buttons are: wind speed, air temperature, visibility, and the sea water level, as well as waves, precipitation, air pressure, water temperature, and sea ice.
Observations and forecasts on these variables are shown to the measuring stations of the Finnish Meteorological Institute, which include coastal and lake weather stations, wave buoys, temperature buoys, and mareographs. The chart also has places for which no observations are available, on lakes, for example. Clicking on a station point brings a time series window into view. The time series window can be closed by clicking on the x in the upper right-hand corner. Precipitation is observed by weather radar in past until current time and in to the future it is a precipitation forecasts. If the lightning location sensor network has observed thunder, the lightning strikes are also shown on the chart. The percentage of the surface area of the sea that is covered by ice is shown. On the lower edge of the chart there is a timeline bar with an arrow that indicates the point in time shown on the chart. Clicking the repeat button on the left side of the timeline animates the picture on the chart.
Only one of the buttons of the upper view (wind speed, air temperature, visibility, and sea level) can be selected at the same time.
Wind and air pressure forecast
The animation shows the forecast for wind speed (m/s), wind direction, and atmospheric pressure (hPa) for the upcoming two days. The forecast for the speed of the wind indicates the average wind in open wind conditions blowing for ten minutes at an altitude of 10 metres. The wind speed can be considerably higher in gusts and for that reason, the wind speed readings can deviate from prevailing wind warnings. The forecast shown in the animation is the same as the forecast on the Marine weather chart. Observations cannot be seen in the forecasts for wind and atmospheric pressure. Before going out to sea, it is a good idea to check the prevailing warnings and weather forecast for shipping.
Marine weather observations
The Marine weather observations page has weather observations from the Finnish Meteorological Institutes's weather stations on the coasts and on lakes. The weather station is selected from the drop-down menu. The reported variables of observations vary from one station to another according to the information that is measured at the station. The frequency of updates varies, but it happens mostly at 10-minute intervals.
The observation stations report on some of the following variables:
dew point temperature
wind direction and speed (average speed over 10 minutes
wind gust value (strongest 3-second gust)
precipitation in the past hour
cloudiness
For example, the openness of the observation station has a strong effect on measuring wind speed. Some stations in some sectors can have obstacles that cause a wind reading that is observed to differ from the wind blowing in an adjacent sea area.
The observation curves below work in the same way that the observation curves for local weather. Their operations are described on the page Weather services on the Internet.
The page has observations and forecasts on the sea level at fourteen locations for measurement. The observation station map is in the lower part of the page. The sea level is presented according to two different height systems: the N2000 system (=BSCD2000, since September 2021), and the theoretical mean water. The unit is the centimetre (cm).
The measuring station and the type of graph to be shown is selected from the drop-down menu above the graph. You can click the keys below the graph to turn variables on and off. The numerical value of the sea level and the time can be seen on most devices by placing the mouse pointer over the graph. The horizontal axis shows only the time on some graphs. All the time information, including the date, can be seen by placing the pointer on top of the graph as mentioned above. The background colour of the graph is grey for every second day (00:00 - 24:00) and white for each alternating day.
2+2 days (default): The observed sea level and the sea level that is forecast for the station. The observations are updated every 10 minutes. The forecast is updated four times a day and extends two days ahead.
Probability forecast: The sea level forecast for the next 10 days. The forecast is based on an ensemble forecast for wind and atmospheric pressure produced by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). These are used for calculating expected variation in sea levels. The forecast intervals that are depicted in the graph show the percentage of different forecasts of an ensemble forecast (50 % and 80 %) that is within the margin of fluctuation in the sea level. The median is the most common, that is to say, the most likely value of the ensemble forecast. The probability forecast is updated twice a day. Probability forecasts are suited for use in forecasts of a duration longer than two days. For shorter forecast periods, the 2 + 2-day forecast is better.
Observations 14 days, 3 months, and 12 months: Sea levels observed at measuring stations in the previous 14 days, 3 months, and 12 months. The bottom of the column in the bar diagram gives the lowest sea level observed in one day, and the upper edge gives the highest sea level observed during the day.
The lower part of the Sea level at measurement site diagram shows the latest sea level observations of each station. The time of the observation is shown on the upper edge of the diagram.
Wave height and wave forecast
The most recent observations from five wave buoys can be seen in the Wave height diagram. Wave height is usually reported as a significant wave height, but the diagram also gives an estimated evaluation of highest waves, the direction that waves are coming from as degrees and a period in seconds. Water temperature measured by the wave buoy (°C) is also indicated in the diagram. The observations are updated every ½ hour or 1 hour. The locations of the buoys can be seen on the map below, or in greater detail from the coordinates of the most recent column. In the winter the buoys are taken out of the sea because of the ice.
By clicking the name of the buoy in the first column it is possible to select the station whose observations and forecast is seen lower in the graph. The graph includes observations of significant wave height over 7 days in blue, and a 2-day forecast using a more precise model, and a two-day forecast for a second model in red. The arrows on the upper edge of the graph indicate the direction of the waves.
The wave forecast page has two charts showing the predicted significant wave height with colours, and the direction of the waves with arrows. Blue is for the lowest and red is for the highest waves. The first chart is for the entire Baltic Sea, and the second is for the Archipelago Sea. The point in time is selected from the upper edge by clicking to indicate how far the user wants the forecast. The options are for three-hour intervals. The date and time are shown above the chart.
Ice conditions in the Baltic Sea, chart as PDF file
The ice chart indicates the prevailing ice situation in the Baltic Sea. In addition, the chart has information on matters including the sea surface temperature, icebreakers in operation, and restrictions on assistance to ports. The chart opens in PDF form from links on the upper part of the page in colour and in black and white.
The publication of the chart takes place on Mondays and Thursdays starting in the autumn. When the amount of ice increases, the chart will switch to daily publication and stay that way until the last of the ice is melted. The newest chart is made public by 14:15.
This is what the ice charts opening from the links look like.
Simplified ice chart and comparative charts
The ice situation can be compared on charts that can be accessed by the ice chart links. The first is a simplified version of an ice chart of the Baltic Sea from the previous Monday, showing areas near Finland. For the second chart there is a choice of one of four options from the titles above:
Normal situation (default): Average ice situation for the time, defined by the years 1965–1986.
Previous ice chart: Simplified chart from a week ago.
Ice chart from the previous year: Simplified chart from a year ago.
Icebreakers: Simplified ice chart in which icebreakers in operation are also shown.
What do we observe


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Home	Latest News
Fans going to great lengths to snare some coveted tickets
By: Mary Agnes Welch
Posted: 1:00 AM CDT Saturday, Jun. 4, 2011
JETS fan J.J. Moorehead is using the overkill approach to score NHL season tickets today.
TREVOR HAGAN / WINNIPEG FREE PRESS
Julia Rantz, Crystal Nicolas, Dean Mary and Ron Nicolas (from left) raise a toast at 4Play Sports Bar.
At noon, Moorehead will create his own NASA ground control, surrounding himself with three computers -- his fiancée's desktop and two laptops. They'll all be preloaded with his personal information so he can speed through the screens, press enter and hopefully score two season tickets to see Winnipeg's new NHL franchise.
Even better, he's going to steal an Internet connection from two neighbours in his apartment building who haven't password-protected their wireless accounts.
"It is worth it for me to steal Internet to get these tickets. You can put that in the paper," proclaimed Moorehead, a Brandon teacher. "I just want a seat. I would sit behind a wall in a three-quarters-obstructed seat all season long to get there."
It is possible Moorehead will cry if he doesn't get tickets.
Nearly every fan who gathered Friday night at the 4Play Sports Bar and Grill expressed a sense of genuine panic at the looming ticket frenzy. There are only about 5,800 season tickets left and exponentially more people vying for them. Everyone said they weren't fussy about which "P" -- for price point -- their seats were in. They'd take anything. And they expected everything to be sold out by 12:30 p.m., if not earlier.
"I don't think anyone wants to be in the same room with me if I don't get tickets," said Shawn Knox, who changed his shift at the city's 311 information line so he could be home at his computer at noon.
Some, like Bryan Foy, are employing the buddy system. Foy will be on the phone with his brother at noon and whoever gets through first makes the buy. Foy and his friends were a little worried about the Internet getting overloaded at noon, but Foy took some comfort in the fact he has MTS and his brother is a Shaw customer.
Friend Cassidy Dankochik, who was one of the hardcore revellers at Portage and Main Tuesday morning, has entrusted his dad with buying tickets because Dankochik has to work. He's walked his dad step-by-step through the process, preloading his credit-card number and personal information. But the anxiety of the sports bar was infectious and Dankochik was growing increasingly worried his techno-challenged dad might falter. Dankochik might take his laptop to work and sneak away to use a wireless connection.
Phil Gass, who works for a local environmental research and consulting firm, said he's buying tickets with his dad, but the onus is on him to make the purchase today.
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"He's the investor, I'm the labourer," he joked. His table of friends at 4Play ranged from "pretty nervous" to "extremely concerned" about the likelihood of getting seats.
Jeff Barrett, a Moose mini-pack holder, bought two P6 season tickets Friday. He considered buying four tickets for friends but that seemed a little risky, he said.
"I had people offering me money, I had people offering me favours," he said with a wink.
The thought of the first game fills Barrett with euphoria.
"It's going to be insane," he said. "I do plan on bringing earplugs."
maryagnes.welch@freepress.mb.ca
Jun 5, 2011: Gone in 17 minutes By Ed Tait
Jun 5, 2011: True North makes statement about GM firing By Gary Lawless


Innovation Team Roles: Does Your Innovation Team Have The Right Skills?
So, you've been tasked with leading innovation in your company. Your job is to put together a team that will not only come up with new revenue-generating ideas, but will also take these from concept to marketable solutions.
This team will require clear goals, a nurturing environment, and a simple way to measure progress. But that alone won't be enough. They'll also have to be diverse, multi-disciplined, and multi-skilled. With that in mind, I've put together a brief list of the top skills I've learned are imperative to a successful innovation team.
Innovation teams are usually industry agnostic and not experts in a specific field. They should, however, be multi-skilled and work together – through the process of ideation – to create suitable solutions for the issues they're tasked with addressing. The ideal personality type of an innovation team member is T-shaped. "What does this mean?", you ask? Well, a T-shaped person is someone who shows a deep understanding and competency in specific and related skills – this is the vertical part of the T. In the horizontal part of the T, the person has an interest in (and the ability to collaborate with), people offering alternative skills.
Throughout the innovation journey, it's important that the end-user (or customer) be kept top-of-mind. The team's intentions and thoughts should, therefore, be aligned with said customer. For this to echo throughout the innovation journey, we don't expect to know what the customer thinks. Instead, we ask them, observe them, and delve deeper into the root cause of their perceived problem. Additionally, an innovation team should be testing their ideas with the customer to ensure a market fit.
An innovation journey usually begins with a problem and an imagined (back-of-mind) solution. However, due to the iterative nature of innovation, your first thought will likely not be the resulting outcome. Solutions will always be optimised or even pivoted. In this ever-changing work environment, it's incredibly important to be able to cope with shifting timelines, ideas, and much more.
Innovation teams address complex problems throughout multiple areas and let's face it, many personality types would not be able to handle this aspect of the job. So, persistence and resilience – not giving up when a topic is confusing or difficult – is the mark of any good innovation team.
In keeping with the theme of persistence and resilience, it's important to note that the iterative nature of innovation means that we don't always get to the root of the problem on the first try. So, we would have to be dogged in asking questions to drive down beyond the symptom. From an organisational perspective, buy-in at every level is crucial. Here persistence and resilience become a critical skill in driving and implementing organisational change.
Team members should dream big to ensure their own self-doubt doesn't sway their decisions. They should be thinking on the edge of impossible, of normal even. Putting constraints on aspirations and dreams could seriously disadvantage the ideation process in the innovation journey.
There are several other skills and characteristics that make innovation teams great, and they can be found in anyone, not just people who consider themselves innovators. Innovation is a process. With guidance, the right people, and the right mindset, any company (large or small) can innovate.


CBD is being hailed as the go to supplement by athletes from around the world and one of our ambassadors Anthony Fowler is no exception.
Anthony fowler is a light middleweight professional boxer with a record of 7-0 with a very impressive 6KOs. Anthony competed at the 2016 Rio Olympics as well as winning gold at the 2014 commonwealth games. He also won bronze at the world and European championships in a amateur career of 209 fights with 190 wins.
Anthony tells us of his gruelling training regime which takes a big toll on his body. He is required to be at his best mentally and physically all of the time in and out of the ring. He has stated that he looks for the best ways to help him achieve his goal by maintaining his peak fitness through nutrition and supplements.
He first heard about CBD after he disclosed to a friend certain problems he had managing such as, recovery from training, sleeping and other ailments. His friend recommended the product as he had suffered with similar issues and it helped him. Willing to try anything that might aid his mission and make it easier he went on to do his own research and was very encouraged and optimistic by what he found.
Anthony has gone on to say, "Since using CBD I have found that my recovery has been so much quicker and less painful. I have suffered less aches and I have never slept better. I can't recommend this product enough. This is my go to product and a staple part of my training program. I credit CBDVaperus ltd in sponsoring me and was proud to become an ambassador for the company".


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Home Entertainment Reese Witherspoon to return as Tracy Flick for 'Election' sequel
Reese Witherspoon to return as Tracy Flick for 'Election' sequel
Los Angeles: Hollywood star Reese Witherspoon is set to reprise her iconic role of Tracy Flick in the upcoming sequel of Alexander Payne's cult comedy "Election".
The original, which was released in 1999, was based on the book of the same name by Tom Perrotta. It centred on Witherspoon's hyperactive high school kid Tracy running for school president.
According to entertainment website The Hollywood Reporter, Payne will be returning to direct and will also write the sequel along with Jim Taylor.
Titled "Tracy Flick Can't Win", the film is based on a follow-up novel by Perrotta which was released in June. The satirical dark comedy finds the eponymous Tracy in adulthood and still struggling to fight her way to the top.
Witherspoon and Lauren Neustadter will produce the film under their Hello Sunshine banner with Ron Yerxa and Albert Berger. Perrotta will serve as executive producer.
The makers are yet to finalise the rest of the cast. The film will debut on streaming platform Paramount.
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Artist concept featured by NASA's Kepler project. Image credit: NASA.
Harvard University and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics presents David Kipping talking about finding alien moons in this lecture. Summary description by Harvard: With NASA's Kepler space telescope now finding Earth-size planets, could it be possible to detect alien moons around distant worlds? So far no one has, but that doesn't mean they're not out there waiting to be spotted.


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Home»"list of National Language all the Country"
list of National Language all the Country
What Is The National Language of Ireland?
By Ireland
Irish is the national language and the first official language, with English being the second official language, per Article 8 of the Constitution. In practice, English is what's spoken and used as the only main language in Ireland. Most people here know at least a few words of Irish (everyone studies it in school), but...
What Is The National Language of Lebanon?
By Lebanon
Lebanon's official National language is Arabic. Arabic Declared as The National Language in Article 11 of Lebanon's constitution. Moreover, there are several various languages that are fluently spoken and used all over the country. The other dominant languages are Arabic spoke in North Levantine dialect, English, Armenian, Frenchand Kurdish. The English language has increased its...
What Is The National Language of Iran?
By Iran
The official language of Iran is Persian. Over half of Iranians speak a dialect of Persian. Arabic is widely spoken, but it is not usually the first language before 1979. European languages were taught in schools. Most literature and religious texts are written in Arabic. Alongside Persian(the official language) there are many other languages which...
What Is The National Language of Denmark?
By Denmark
Denmark's official language is Danish which is also known as Dansk. English is the predominant second language of Denmark. Faroese, Greenlandic, and German languages are minority languages that are also spoken in Denmark. Danish is also spoken by minor populations in other parts of the world like Canada, US, Spain, Argentina, and Brazil. 15% to...
. What Is The National Language of Argentina?
By Argentina
"Spanish" Language Is The National Language of Argentina. The Spanish language was brought to Argentina by the explorers and immigrants who arrived in the country from Spain. Most Argentines are of Italian or Spanish ancestry. The indigenous (native) groups that occupied the territory before the arrival of the Spanish today represent only a small portion...
What Is The National Language of Colombia?
By Colombia
The Official Language Is Spanish, but in San Andres and Providencia English is also spoken. Additionally, there are 64 dialects of the native Indian tribes. Colombia is currently the third country in the world with the largest number of Spanish speakers from Mexico and the United States, and it is the second country if it...
What Is The National Language of Brunei?
By Brunei
The official language of Brunei is Malay. And the second most important languages are English and Chinese. The 1959 Constitution of Brunei Declared Malay as the official language of the country. There are Many variants of the language, but Standard Malay is widely accepted as the national language. Another language that may be easily Noticed...


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December 2015 - January 2016
Grimes' puzzling 'Art Angels'
It is a rule of pop music, rarely flouted, that an artist with a new album to promote will release the strongest song first. So it was, or nearly was, with the 27-year-old Canadian musician Grimes (real name Claire Boucher), who will tour Australia this summer. In October she launched the video 'Flesh Without Blood/Life in the Vivid Dream' as a preview of her fourth album, Art Angels. The video brings together two separate album tracks (for no clear reason, though it is like Grimes to be obtuse), of which the former is the standout. 'Flesh Without Blood' is driven by a guitar line that is confident in mood but attenuated in tone, more like a toy than an instrument. Grimes sings in a high thin voice that she often pitches artificially upwards until she sounds like a cartoon character: Minnie Mouse, perhaps, or Alvin the Chipmunk.
Like the rest of Art Angels, 'Flesh Without Blood' lacks any notable bottom end – this is music made for listening to through cheap computer speakers or on a mobile phone. Were it both cleaned up and filled out – stripped of extraneous squiggles but with a more dramatic vocal and a much weightier bassline – 'Flesh Without Blood' could be a proper hit. The fact that it's almost, but not quite, a great pop song is indicative of the tension that marks Art Angels. Grimes gets defensive when critics raise questions about her motivation. "There is so much beauty in music. I wish perceived commercial ambition was not the topic sometimes," she tweeted in early November, shortly after the album's digital release. But 'Flesh Without Blood' is also a defence of that ambition. "It's nice that you say you like me / But only conditionally," she sings.
Grimes' previous three albums, Geidi Primes and Halfaxa (both released in 2010 as free downloads) and Visions (2012), were moody and echoing. The lyrics were hard to decipher, when there were any lyrics at all. Often, Grimes layered wordless, reverberant loops of her own voice one atop the other, as if infinite versions of her were being refracted through a hall of mirrors. Before the release of Visions, she signed to 4AD, and the insular qualities of her music hinted at the longstanding indie label's most legendary signing, Cocteau Twins. From the early 1980s to the mid 1990s, the Scottish band invented their own twinkling, mysterious musical galaxy.
Glossolalia has now given way to California. In the years between Visions and Art Angels Grimes moved to Los Angeles, and her new album sounds, overall, like a step towards the American pop mainstream, but a step made by a self-defined outsider who keeps one ear turned towards pop's geographically peripheral genres: K-pop, Euro disco, Bollywood. It might seem intriguing on paper, but the album itself is glaring and brittle, like an object left out in the Los Angeles sun for too long.
Art Angels is a puzzling listen. It isn't unpleasant, but it isn't much pleasurable, either. Ease and pleasure are not the only two worthwhile qualities of pop music, by any means, but Grimes does make me wonder what exactly she is aiming for. On each song she races through a dozen different musical styles and crams in numerous instruments, mostly synthesised. (Grimes plays and records everything herself.)
The album begins with the short prelude 'Laughing and Not Being Normal', rather ersatz baroque in style. The title could serve as a Grimes-style affirmation of her own slightly dishevelled, mildly gothic persona. 'California', the second track, sounds upbeat, as you might imagine a song with that title would, but doesn't feel it. In the chorus Grimes manages to stretch out the word 'California' to about ten syllables, and her melisma has a whirligig intensity, like something, or someone, on the verge of spinning out of control.
That may be the point. "Cuz I get carried away / Commodifying all the pain," she sings in the verses, as if upbraiding herself, though later she directs her criticism outwards: "You only like me when u think I'm looking sad." Art Angels as a whole seems to both personify and pastiche the music industry's long procession of mooning, pliable California girls. "I don't behave," Grimes repeats on the chorus of 'Kill V. Maim'. In this gender-ambiguous revenge fantasy she declares herself "only a man", as if she is kicking against the restrictive stereotypes of women in music. She does so in a squealing, pitch-shifted voice that makes her sound like a murderous doll.
Then again, Art Angels might not be a pastiche at all. Grimes has previously declared her sincere, irony-free love of chart pop stars such as Mariah Carey, Lady Gaga and Selena Gomez (a former Disney child actor turned singer, and a current member of Taylor Swift's celebrity friend squad). These figures jostle for space on her Tumblr alongside the indigenous Canadian singer-songwriter Buffy Sainte-Marie, and the medieval mystic and composer Hildegard von Bingen. And more than any of Grimes' previous albums, Art Angels reflects – or rather enacts – this omnivorous musical appetite, one enabled by the internet. Rather than listening from start to finish, one might better navigate Art Angels like a series of browser tabs – in no particular sequence, and without any expectation of coherence or unifying purpose. Still, I find it wearying, in the same way that hours spent skimming through YouTube channels is wearying: in the end, all one's choices come to sound alike.
Art Angels reminds me most of Emotion, the third album by Grimes' fellow Canadian musician Carly Rae Jepsen, released in August. Jepsen had a huge breakout hit in 2012 with 'Call Me Maybe', but didn't manage to match it. Like Art Angels, Emotion has a stiff European character (several of the songwriters involved in its making are Scandinavian), and it's more than a little kitschy in its slavish imitation of 1980s pop sounds. If you carry a torch for Belinda Carlisle – and heaven knows I do – then Emotion is worth a listen. It's a better album than Art Angels, if only for having been edited more thoroughly. But why not just listen to Belinda Carlisle? Does the world need a retread?
Both Grimes and Jepsen are making music in a context where there is a growing awareness of the neglected histories of women in pop music. One of the results is a rehabilitative attitude towards previously overlooked performers and genres, particularly those that might be seen as girlish. It seems no accident that Taylor Swift – who tours Australia in December – has made a commercial juggernaut out of 1989, her most effervescent album, backed by stage performances that celebrate the camaraderie of her girl gang.
This new focus on the centrality of girls' contribution to pop music – particularly as fans – is welcome, but chart pop's champions can sometimes mirror the blanket judgements of pop's detractors. Not all mainstream pop is bad – but not all of it is good, either. A lot of it is absolute rubbish, made without any greater motivation apart from profit. The music industry is first and foremost an industry, and the industry makes a great deal of money from treating the female body and the female imagination with contempt. That has not stopped women from trying to remake pop music in their own image, and on their own terms.
Grimes' Art Angels is a possible attempt at this, but an unsuccessful one, in my opinion. It is a hard album to assess because it seems to resist criticism. The task of a critic is to draw distinctions, make value judgements, and measure a work against the traditions of categories and genre; Grimes offers nothing to measure herself against. A truly new work, which creates a new genre, tends to teach an audience how to understand it. But Art Angels doesn't feel innovative; it just feels confused. If the album is a pop pastiche then, like the Chipmunks, it's the kind of pastiche that ends up being more vexatious than its source material. If it's a genuine homage, then it also falls short. Perhaps it's both? Perhaps it's neither? I might be asking the wrong questions.
Grimes' reluctance to be defined by genre is admirable, but in pledging her allegiance to all styles equally she risks seeming disingenuous: all surface, no feeling. In the film clip for 'Flesh Without Blood/Life in the Vivid Dream' Grimes dances around a tennis court dressed like Marie Antoinette, in a towering lilac wig and huge corseted gown. I'm reminded – and again, I can't tell if this was Grimes' intention, or not – of Sofia Coppola's Marie Antoinette (2006). That film was an odd hybrid of music video, fashion shoot and historical drama. It combined lavish detail with a poker-faced tone that allowed you to read it as either a critique of the indulgence on display or a celebration of the same. You could mistake its blankness for profundity, but in the end it was pretty vacant.
Anwen Crawford
Anwen Crawford is The Monthly's music critic.
Like the rest of Art Angels...
Photograph by Rankin
Oil and water
Mark AaronsAustralia blurs the lines with Timor-Leste
Burning the stakeholders
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Lighting the king
Darryn KingNick Schlieper illuminates a Shakespearean tragedy
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All veils and misty: Richard Lowenstein's 'Mystify: Michael Hutchence'
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Mary Carillo is an American sportscaster as well as the former professional tennis player. She is also a sport analytic for numerous channels including Olympics. Carillo won various awards & titles and also the author of many books. She is now an established personality with good earning.
Mary Carillo was born on 15 March 1957, in Queens, New York, U.S. She belongs to North American ethnicity and holds an American nationality.
Carillo has a sister, Gina Carillo, an actress and also has a brother, who is an author. Her cousin, Mike Francesa is also sports-radio host. Carillo went to the St. Mary School.
Mary Carillo began her career as tennis from 1977 to 1980 and played professional tennis. She was one of the best tennis players in the nation.
Carillo ranked 33 in the Women's Tennis Association Rankings in 1980. She is the winner of French Open mixed doubles title along with John McEnroe. She retired from the game due to her knee injury.
Carillo is also a former BOD member of the Women's Tennis Association. She was a tennis analyst in various countries including the Olympics too.
Carillo is known as one of the popular commentator and a host of various TV networks. She worked as a host, sports analyst, and commentator in shows such as - HBO, ESPN, NBC, TNT, CNB, and Bravo.
Carillo also appeared in the romantic-comedy movie, ''Wimbledon"(2004). She showed her skills in writing too and published many books like- Tennis My Way, Rick Elstein's Tennis Kinetics: With Martina Navratilova and Tennis Confidential II: More of Today's Greatest Players, Matches, and Controversies.
Mary Carillo's hard work led her to win numerous awards. She won the 'Dare To Complete: The Struggle of Women in Sports,' Peabody Award for co-writing HBO documentary, She was named a Broadcaster of the year by Women's Tennis Association.
Mary Carillo got married to her boyfriend Bill Bowden who is an Australian tennis instructor. The couple got married in 1983 and had two children, Anthony and Rachel.
Before dating, they were a long time close friend. After being for fourteen years long relationship they divorced. The actual reason behind their separation was never revealed. She took the custody of their children, and now Carillo lives in Florida with her children.
After the separation, Carillo has dated some individual which gave birth to rumors about her sexuality. Many of the fans assumed that Carillo was a lesbian because of her husky voice and get up.
Carillo did not address the rumors so we can say she is straight and single.
Carillo is living with her two kids in Naples, Florida.
The great tennis player, Mary Carillo has a $5 million as an estimated net worth, as per The Richest. Similarly, according to Celebrity net worth her estimated net worth is around $10 million.
The primary source of her income comes from her career as a tennis analyst and hosting the Tv shows. She is a sports reporter for NBC Sports and NBC Olympics. As a reporter, she receives the annual salary which ranges between of $56560 to $76259.


text:
A hiker's guide to 7 French words with no English equivalent
Photo: Julian Bialowas
Carrie Speaking
SOME WORDS are untranslatable. They have come to carry such a specific meaning that few other languages have exact equivalents. Paradoxically, these "untranslatables" have often hiked their way into new languages. Let's follow the trail of 7 French words.
1. Pack all your stuff into huge backpack: Barda
A barda is an oversized, heavy backpack, typically like the one you shoulder for a long backcountry hike. It is originally a military term brought into French in the 19th century from Arabic berdâa "packsaddle".
2. Arrive at your destination: Dépaysement
Dépaysement conveys the feeling of "unusualness" one feels when arriving at a place that is very different from one's usual home. It refers to the change in habits, scenery, and climate that trigger this feeling.
Dépaysement is different from "homesickness", as it doesn't indicate any nostalgia or negative feeling. Dépaysement can also be something you're looking for during a trip. It is derived from French pays "country", and literally means "un-country-fication".
3. Go on a hike: Crapahuter
Crapahuter means going on a long backcountry hike on difficult terrain. This is originally French military slang that ended up in the everyday language. It comes from crapaud, "toad", the name of an animal but also of a training device with which you exercised, looking like a toad.
4. Stop for a snack: Gourmand
Someone who is gourmand loves to eat refined food, generally made with very sweet or rich ingredients, in reasonable and appropriate proportions. This iconic French word is derived from the no-less iconic word gourmet, and dates back to the 14th century…when it was borrowed from English grom (today become groom) which at the time meant "valet in charge with the service of wine".
5. Use this break to explore your surroundings: Flâner
Flâner means to daydream by walking around in a leisurely, aimless way (without the sense of losing one's bearing conveyed by "wander"). As opposed to what many people think, flâner is actually very recent in French: it was borrowed in the 19th century from Norman French, and ultimately comes from Old Norse flana "to get into something heedlessly".
6. Discover something inspiring: Trouvaille
Trouvaille is an unexpected discovery that is original and interesting. It can refer to an object (like that nice abandoned hat you found in a tree) or a place (like a secret bivouac spot). Trouvaille is poetic to the core, as it is derived from the French verb trouver "to find", itself derived from Vulgar Latin tropare "to find the proper words to compose a poem". Incidentally, this was precisely the job of trouveres and troubadours, those traveling medieval poets in France.
7. You set up camp for the night: Bivouac
Bivouac was borrowed from French into English and means "a temporary camp", typically a one-night camp during a backcountry hike. This word is actually more at home in English than in French, as it was borrowed into French in the 17th century from Alemanic German biiwacht which referred to the reinforcements for a guard. After its slight change of form and meaning, the word traveled back from French to the other European languages (including English).
More like this: 21 French expressions that will make you laugh
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DCH strives to expand access to all of its programs through scholarships and financial aid for its summer camp, preschool, school vacation programs and most other offerings. Whether teaching children to share, swim or babysit, DCH offers a multitude of programs that benefit families throughout the year. Your gift to the DCH Scholarship Fund helps ensure that these valuable programs are accessible to all members of the community.
• $51,000 in summer camp scholarships to 72 children from every neighborhood of Dedham and beyond!
• $32,000 in financial aid to 15 different DCH Preschool families!
• $12,000 in financial aid for participants in our classes and at our pool!
• $72,000 worth of space donated to a wide variety of community organizations!


Background: Lesbian, gay or bisexual (LGB) youth with depression are often isolated and face the double stigma of mental ill-health and being non-heterosexual. Computerised Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (cCBT) offers a means of providing these youth with evidence-based self-help that is confidential and can be accessed privately. We created a cCBT resource for youth generally and wished to explore what alterations, if any, might be needed to make it acceptable and relevant to LGB youth.
Method: Three focus groups were conducted with LGB young people (56% female, aged 16-27 years) from two LGB youth organisations in New Zealand. We used the general inductive approach to: explore the issues faced by LGB youth; and, their views about prototypes of a cCBT program (SPARX).
Results: Participants reported a number of challenges from living in a homophobic and gender-stereotyped world and they recommended that these be incorporated in a cCBT program addressing depression for LGB youth. Participants were mainly positive about the idea of cCBT and the prototypes of the program; however, they made suggestions to ensure that the program was relevant and appealing to them.
Conclusion: Prototypes of a 'generic' cCBT program did not address all the issues that LGB youth face. It proved feasible to adapt a cCBT program to take this feedback into account, and this led to the creation of Rainbow SPARX. The makers of e-therapy interventions should actively involve and respond to the views of consumers.


text:
Esteban Nemanja (antiguo eslavo eclesiástico: Стѣфань Неманя; serbio: Stefan Nemanja, serbio cirílico: Стефан Немања; pronuncación:ˈstɛfaːn 'nɛmaɲa; nacido alrededor de 1113, y muerto el 13 de febrero de 1199); fue el gobernador medieval serbio, gran župan de Rascia, y fundador de la dinastía Nemanjić y del estado más poderoso serbio. Se le considera, junto con su hijo, Rastko Nemanjić (san Sava) el padre de la Iglesia ortodoxa serbia. A lo largo de su vida, patrocinó muchas iglesias y monasterios, y los últimos años de su vida pasó en uno de ellos, el monasterio serbio Hilandar en el monte Athos, donde también fue enterrado en el año 1199. En el año 1200 la Iglesia ortodoxa serbia le canonizó y le dio el nombre de san Simón o en serbio, Sveti Simeon. Sus restos fueron trasladados en el monasterio Studenica en 1208, donde se han quedado hasta hoy.

Origen
Stefan Nemanja fue el cuarto y él último hijo de Zavida, un noble serbio que estuvo emparentado con las dinastías serbias que por aquel entonces gobernaban Rascia (casa Vukanović por la parte masculina), y Zeta (casa Vojisavljević por la parte femenina). Sobre la vida de Zavida no hay muchos datos, pero a base de la biografía de Stefan Nemanja (escrita por su hijo, Esteban I Nemanjić), se ve que estaba en conflicto con sus parientes sobre el poder en Rascia, y por eso se fugó en el reino de Zeta.

Aparte de Nemanja, Zavida tuvo tres hijos más:
 Tihomir, que gobernaba Rascia como el gran župan entre 1163 y 1166 o 1168. No se sabe la fecha de nacimiento exacta, pero murió en 1169.
 Stracimir, que gobernaba la zona del río Zapadna Morava (1163-(1166) 1168, 1169-?). Tampoco se sabe cuándo nació, pero se sabe que murió después del 25 de diciembre de 1189.)
 Miroslav, gobernaba Zahumlje (1163-(1166) 1168, 1169-?). Tampoco tenemos la fecha de nacimiento, pero murió 1196 o 1199.)

Nemanja se casó con Ana de Serbia, que después de tomar votos, tuvo el nombre de Anastazia. Con ella tuvo cinco hijos:
 Vukan, el rey de Zeta (1199-1208) y gran župan de Rascia (1202-1204), no se sabe cuándo nació, pero vivía hasta 1208)
 Stefan, gran župan de Rascia (1196-1217) y rey de Rascia (1217-1228), tampoco se sabe cuando nació, pero vivía hasta 1228)
 Rastko, el primer Arzobispo serbio (1219-1233), que nació en 1169 y murió en 1236. Luego se convirtió en el santo San Sava.
 Jefimija, casada con Manuel Angelos Dukas (1230-1237), gobernador de Tesalónica.
 Una hija con nombre desconocido, casada con Tich, boyardo de Skopie que luego fue la madre del zar búlgaro, Constantino Tij de Bulgaria.

Juventud
Hoy en día se considera que Nemanja nació en 1113 en Ribnica cerca de la ciudad de Podgorica, pero esta afirmación no puede apoyarse en las fuentes de aquel tiempo. Dado que en Ribnica existían solo iglesias católicas, Esteban Nemanja fue bautizado según el rito latino. Cuando su familia volvió a Rascia, lo volvieron a bautizar según el griego en la iglesia episcopal de San Pedro y Pablo de Ras, la capital de Rascia. Todavía estando en Zeta, Nemanja se casó con la noble Ana, entre 1130 y 1135.

Se supone que Zavida volvió con sus hijos a Rascia gracias a la invitación del gran župan Uroš II (1146-1162) y que en esa ocasión, se le devolvieron sus tierras. Los historiadores interpretan este gesto de Uroš como un intento de asegurar la retaguardia de su futuro ataque al Imperio bizantino, que se efectuó en 1149.

Gobierno

Nemanja como župan
Gran župan de Rascia, Uroš II, fue vasallo del emperador bizantino, Manuel I Comneno. Se rebeló varias veces contra la autoridad bizantina e intentó independizarse con la ayuda del Reino de Hungría (que, por aquel entonces, estaba en guerra con el Imperio Bizantino con el que se disputaba el predominio de Sirmia), pero sin conseguirlo. Alrededor de 1161, Uroš II fue derrocado y sustituido por Desa, que también se levantó contra Manuel I, pero tampoco tuvo suerte, y en 1162 Manuel I lo venció y lo llevó a Constantinopla. En esta ocasión, dio algunos territorios a Nemanja y a sus dos hermanos, Miroslav y Stracimir. De esta manera, Esteban Nemanja se convirtió en župan de Ibar, Toplica, Rasina y Reke. Luego, Manuel I le devolvió a Desa el puesto de gran župan de Rascia, pero este volvió a rebelarse contra el dominio bizantino en 1168. Manuel I volvió a vencerlo y derrocarlo, esta vez definitivamente. Luego dividió las tierras de Rascia entre Nemanja y sus hermanos, y a Tihomir, el mayor de los hermanos, le proclamó gran župan.

En el año 1162, cuando el emperador Manuel I se preparaba para la batalla con los húngaros, le otorgó a Nemanja el honor de gobernar la Dubočica. Poco después de ese acontecimiento, Nemanja empezó a edificar el monasterio de san Nicolás en Kuršumlija, y el monasterio de la Virgen en la desembocadura de los ríos Kosanica y Toplica. En la biografía de Nemanja, se dice que las obras en estos dos monasterios fueron la causa del descontento de sus hermanos, que le reprochaban que hacía cosas sin consultarlos y sin su permiso. Sin embargo, lo más probable es que a sus hermanos no les gustase el apego que Nemanja tenía al Imperio bizantino, un comportamiento ajeno a los županes de Rascia que ya llevaban más de medio siglo intentando librarse de su influencia y su dominio. Además, pensaban que Nemanja intentaba obtener el título de gran župan con la ayuda de los bizantinos y la Iglesia, y que por eso empezó a edificar los dos monasterios.

Por otro lado, Nemanja sí que intentó hacerse con el título de gran župan con la ayuda de una parte de la nobleza de Rascia, acusando a Tihomir y sus hermanos que llevaban una política bizantófila, completamente contraria a la política de Rascia hasta entonces. En una reunión que se convocó con ese motivo, Nemanja con sus partidarios fue capturado y cerrado en una cueva en las cercanías de Ras. Sin embargo, muy pronto Nemanja será liberado por sus seguidores, y esta vez, con el apoyo casi unánime del resto de la nobleza, consiguió a derrocar a Tihomir y reducir a sus hermanos, y convertirse en el gran župan de Rascia.

Primer reino de Esteban Nemanja
Los hermanos de Nemanja obtuvieron la ayuda militar del emperador bizantino, Manuel I Comneno, pero en 1169, sufrieron la derrota de las tropas de Nemanja en Pantina, cerca del castillo Zvečani.

La mayoría de los bizantinos se ahogó en el río Sitnica. El mismo destino tuvo Tihomir, mientras Stracimir y Miroslav fueron capturados por los soldados de Nemanja, que les perdonó la vida y todo el mal que le habían hecho, y les devolvió sus tierras para gobernar, y él se convirtió en el gobernador indiscutible de Rascia. Justo después de la batalla de Pantina, Nemanja atacó al knez de Zeta, Radoslav en 1070, y aumentó sus territorios a costa de Zeta: añadió a Rascia la mayoría de los territorios del Montenegro moderno, así como la región del río Neretva.

Referencias

Enlaces externos

Historia de Serbia
Santos ortodoxos de Serbia
Santos nobles
Dinastía Nemanjić
Serbios del siglo XII
Monarcas ortodoxos
Gobernantes de Serbia
Santos del siglo XII
Cristianos ortodoxos del siglo XII

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


We're looking for a new home for our profitable Emoji company — the originator of the viral hit, Emoji Masks. Read on for how much money it makes, details about the business, and the asking price.
Just before Halloween 2014, we dreamed up the idea for what became Emoji Masks. It's the easiest product in the world to pitch. Ready?
In a whirlwind 60 days, we went from idea to product launch. We created a 100% unique product, manufactured it, and shipped it to customers.
To our surprise, it went viral.
On the first day, Emoji Masks was #1 on Product Hunt for the entire day. That same day Apple announced a new iPad and Retina 5k iMac during a keynote. For a day, Emoji Masks were more interesting than Apple (lolz). We did $5,000 in sales that first day and sewed the seed for the the following Monday — the day it really went viral.
We were featured on Huffington Post, BuzzFeed, CNet, Wired, MTV, Seventeen, Cosmopolitan, Dailydot, Elite Daily, HypeBeast, and many, many, many more.
You can read about the entire crazy first 60 days here.
The first day of Emoji Masks going viral.
From its humble beginnings, we've improved the product several times. We upgraded to higher quality plastic, thickened the masks, and designed our own proprietary designs. They're much better than when we first started.
Emoji Masks has been a great source of profit for us for the last 20+ months.
It's simple, for the same reason we're selling Mod Notebooks. We're going all in on Smart Bedding and Peel. We've been fully focused on those brands and haven't touched Emoji Masks or Mod in the last year — despite them making great money. Peel and Smart Bedding are just growing too quickly for us to focus on anything else.
As I mentioned in our 2015 year in review, we've been planning to sell 1 or 2 of our companies this year to double down on our big brands. This is us doing that.
Emoji Masks has been a blast to own. It's time for someone else to run with it and have fun!
What goes with the sale?
emojimasks.com domain + Shopify store (custom design).
10,200 units of stock. At $7.99 a mask, that's $81,498 of retail stock!
#1 search results for "Emoji Masks", all inbound links, press, etc.
Instagram account with 13,200+ followers.
An email list of 4,900 people that averages a 31% open rate.
80 Emoji Mask designs we own for creating more masks past our current 15. See below.
All of the brand's photos and design assets.
Relationship with the manufacturer to continue.
Relationship with the warehouse & fulfillment center to continue.
All 80 emojis we own that will be included in the sale.
Emoji Masks did $44,525 in the trailing 12 months (June 1st, 2015 through today, June 1st, 2016).
Screenshot from Emoji Masks' dashboard showing revenue for the last 12 months.
$38k of that is directly via e-commerce sales on emojimasks.com. The remaining $6,500 is from miscellaneous orders that come from inbound inquiries.
The month Emoji Masks went viral — at its peak in October 2014 — it did $35,000 in sales. It was featured in press outlets everywhere.
The following Halloween it did just over $18,000 in sales with ZERO press or advertising. We think that's pretty impressive. We were expecting a much larger drop from that peak month to the following year. That $18,000 came from our own Emoji Mask customer list and word of mouth. There were no press features like the year prior to drive massive sales. We've also never done any advertising.
I think this speaks to the long term viability of the brand. Emojis haven't shown any signs of slowing in popularity. We think for years to come, each Halloween and holiday season Emoji Masks will do well. Additionally there's a market for parties, weddings, etc year-round. We still do several thousand dollars each month in sales during non-peak months.
This could be you, counting cash from your emoji empire.
There are many products that can be created around emojis and sold as an upsell or a brand extension. Think t-shirts, mugs, etc with our emoji designs. More mask concepts could all be marketed to our existing audience and customer base.
Additionally, we're often approached about various co-branding opportunities for Emoji Masks. Most recently Pepsi (the soda company) approached us about doing co-branded Emoji Masks for their new Pepsi labels. We turned the opportunity down because we just don't have the time for Emoji Masks right now.
We're looking for a quick sale of $75,000 or best offer (that price includes the $81k of stock on hand). We're not looking to owner finance, so please don't approach with a creative deal structure.
If you're interested in buying Emoji Masks, email me at marshall@needwant.com for more info.


Dell INSPIRON 14 5447 Laptop LCD Screens Quality - New Grade A+ brand new part made by one of the above mentioned major manufacturer. - Used, Like New Grade A+ the part was pulled from a laptop (or other device), no signs of tear or wear and is fully functional and covered by �... Official Dell BIOS Inspiron 5447 Free Driver Download for Windows 10, 8.1, 8, 7 - Western_20Digital_20ML500M_20M0J97_ZPE.exe (2033456). World's most popular driver download site. World's most popular driver download site.
Removing and Replacing Parts: Dell� Inspiron� 5000 Series NOTICE: Only a certified service technician should perform repairs on your computer. Damage or inoperability due to servicing not authorized by Dell is not covered by your warranty. Overview LCD Removal Precautionary Measures Video Board Removal Recommended Tools Diskette Drive Removal Customer-Accessible � how to open a locked car door 29/11/2014�� I was wondering if my laptop, the Dell 14 5000 5447 Series laptop is compatible with Mac OS X Yosemite operating sysytem. I want to do a dual boot with Windows 8 and OS X Yosemite, and I have tried multiple times trying to create a Live-USB Installation drive; once with clover and once with unibeast/multibeast.
29/11/2014�� I was wondering if my laptop, the Dell 14 5000 5447 Series laptop is compatible with Mac OS X Yosemite operating sysytem. I want to do a dual boot with Windows 8 and OS X Yosemite, and I have tried multiple times trying to create a Live-USB Installation drive; once with clover and once with unibeast/multibeast.
Dell (and HP, Lenovo, and others) computers generally have a BIOS that does not permit overclocking. The CPU you listed does not have an unlocked "K" multiplier.