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Political philosophy that considers government unnecessary and advocates instead a stateless society
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Anarchism is a political philosophy that advocates self-governed societies based on voluntary institutions. These are often described as stateless societies, although several authors have defined them more specifically as institutions based on non-hierarchical free associations. Anarchism holds the state to be undesirable, unnecessary and harmful.
Anarchism, Individualist - Anarchism that emphasizes the individual and his or her preferences over other considerations
Anarcho-Capitalism - Political theory that rejects governmental authority and advocates laissez-faire capitalism
Mutualism - Anarchist doctrine proposed by Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
Voluntaryism - Libertarian philosophy that advocates non-political strategies to delegitimize the State
Center for a Stateless Society
Anarchism, by Voltairine de Cleyre, Free Society , 13 Oct 1901
Examines various economic propositions for anarchism (socialist, communist, individualist and mutualist) and opines that all could be tried out
"It no longer seems necessary to me, therefore, that one should base his Anarchism on any particular world conception; it is a theory of the relations due to man and comes as an offered solution to the societary problems arising from the existence of these two tendencies of which I have spoken. ... Anarchism, alone, apart from any proposed economic reform, is just the latest reply out of many the past has given, to that daring, breakaway, volatile, changeful spirit which is never content."
Related Topics: Communism, Europe, Labor, Mutualism, Socialism, The State
'Anarchist' Idiocy, by David Boaz, 14 May 2011
Discusses a Washington Post story about Greek so-called "anarchists" who were protesting the "rolling back of social safety nets"
"The Washington Post splashes a story about "anarchists" in Greece across the front page today. ... So these "anarchists" object that the state might cut back on its income transfers and payrolls. That is, they object to the state reducing its size, scope, and power. ... Real anarchists, of either the anarcho-capitalist or mutualist variety, might have something useful to say to Greeks in their current predicament. But disgruntled young people, lashing out at the end of an unsustainable welfare state, are not anarchists in any serious sense. They're just angry children not ready to deal with reality."
Related Topics: Government, Greece
Auberon Herbert, Part 1, by Wendy McElroy, Future of Freedom , Feb 2011
First part of biographical essay on Auberon Herbert; discusses Spencer's influence on him, his views on anarchism vs. voluntaryism, self-ownership, majority rule, war and imperialism
"To the extent there is debate about Herbert's beliefs, the focus is generally upon whether he was an anarchist. He consistently rejected the label. He wrote, 'My charge against Anarchism is that it sees many forms of crime existing in the world, and it refuses to come to any settled opinion as to what it will do in the matter. If it says it will do nothing, then we must live under the reign of the murderer...; if it says it will have some form of local jury, then we are back into government again at once.' ... The focus on the anarchism question loses the true importance of the man."
Related Topics: Auberon Herbert, Self-ownership, The State, Voluntaryism, War
Benjamin Tucker, Individualism, & Liberty : Not the Daughter but the Mother of Order, by Wendy McElroy, Literature of Liberty , 1981
Bibliographical essay covering the people and radical movements that influenced Tucker in his founding and publishing of Liberty , its major themes and contributors
"Tucker's attitude toward the use of force polarized the anarchist movement. The individualist-anarchists, who generally opposed all but defensive force on moral grounds, were labelled 'Boston anarchists' since Liberty<.cite> was issued from Boston. The communist-anarchists, who often accepted the use of force as a strategy, were labelled 'Chicago anarchists' since Chicago was the site of the violent Haymarket affair in 1886."
Related Topics: American War Between the States, Australia, Children, France, William Lloyd Garrison, Henry George, Germany, Government, Auberon Herbert, Labor, Libertarianism, Liberty, Nonviolent resistance, Relationships, Freedom of Religion, Russia, Self-ownership, Spain, Herbert Spencer, Lysander Spooner, Benjamin Tucker, Josiah Warren
Benjamin Tucker's Liberty, by Carl Watner, Reason , Apr 1979
Examines several of the themes discussed by Tucker in Liberty , e.g., anarchism, natural rights, monopoly, and how his views changed throughout the years
"For Tucker, anarchism meant the absence of State and government but not necessarily the abolition of all laws and all coercion. He maintained that anarchists oppose government, not because they disbelieve in punishment of crime and resistance to aggression, but because they disbelieve in compulsory protection. ... Tucker originally relied on the theory of natural rights to defend anarchism and attack government ... Having abandoned natural right as the basis of his anarchism, Tucker replaced it with the concept of equal liberty."
Related Topics: Children, Intellectual Property Laws, Rights, The State, Benjamin Tucker
Henry David Thoreau: Founding Father of American Libertarian Thought, by Jeff Riggenbach, 15 Jul 2010
Biographical essay, transcript of "The Libertarian Tradition" podcast
"Still, as George Woodcock notes ... despite his periodic anarchistic outbursts, 'one cannot regard Emerson as a complete anarchist ...' Thoreau is another kettle of fish altogether. As Woodcock writes, 'Thoreau's condemnation of the state was more thorough, and in many other ways he fits more closely into the anarchist pattern than Emerson could ever do.' Certainly the opening paragraph of his famous 1849 essay on 'Civil Disobedience' signals a willingness to boldly go where Emerson had been a little too timid to tread. 'I heartily accept the motto, "That government is best which governs least,"' Thoreau wrote ..."
Related Topics: Ralph Waldo Emerson, Government, Massachusetts, Henry David Thoreau, United States
How I Became a Libertarian, by Mary Ruwart, 14 Dec 2002
Part of Walter Block's autobiography series; Dr. Ruwart recounts some key moments in her path to libertarianism and anarchism, from Swamp Fox to Atlas Shrugged to Morris and Linda Tannehill
"In the next couple of years, I quickly went from an objectivist to anarchist. In the late 1960s, Morris and Linda Tannehill lived in the E. Lansing, Michigan area, where I was going to school. Through the friend who encouraged me to read Ayn Rand's books, I met this fascinating couple and obtained a copy of their libertarian-anarchist book, The Market for Liberty . I was easily won over to anarchy."
Related Topics: American Revolutionary War, Libertarianism
James M. Buchanan and the Rebirth of Political Economy, by Peter Boettke, Economics and its Discontents , 1998
Examines Buchanan's contributions in bursting the "romantic vision of political science," advancing subjectivism as a challenge to modern economics formalism and re-integrating moral philosophy into economics
"Frustrated with the failure of the classical liberal political philosophy to constrain the growth of government, some free market theorists, notably Murray Rothbard and David Friedman, had suggested in the 1960s and 1970s that the market could provide endogenously the infrastructure that would govern its operation: anarcho-capitalism. ... But, Buchanan believed ... Freedom was to be found in the constitutional contract, not in the absence of government (despite the philosophical attractiveness of anarchism) nor in the submission to the forces of evolution. Anarchism promised de-evolution into Hobbes war or all against all ..."
Related Topics: James M. Buchanan, Economics, Free Market, Frank Knight, Politics, The State
Karl Hess: 1923-1994: His Words, by Karl Hess, Libertarian Party News , Jun 1994
Selections from "The Death of Politics", Dear America , "The Playboy Interview", "If I Were Running Against Reagan", "Why Me?", "The Most Unforgettable Libertarian I Ever Knew" and "A Fond Farewell"
"PLAYBOY: But no man is without ambition. What's yours?
HESS: I want to be the perfect anarchist.
PLAYBOY: Which is?
HESS: A good friend, good lover, good neighbor.
PLAYBOY: That's all there is to being an anarchist?
HESS: What did you expect, a lot of rules?"
Libertarian Anarchism: Responses to Ten Objections, by Roderick T. Long, 6 Aug 2004
Transcript of talk given at the 2004 Mises University. First makes the case for anarchism and then responds to objections others have raised against it
"Government Is Not a Coercive Monopoly ... Hobbes: Government Is Necessary for Cooperation ... Locke: Three 'Inconveniences' of Anarchy ... Ayn Rand: Private Protection Agencies Will Battle ... Robert Bidinotto: No Final Arbiter of Disputes ... Property Law Cannot Emerge from the Market ... Organized Crime Will Take Over ... The Rich Will Rule ... Robert Bidinotto: The Masses Will Demand Bad Laws ... Robert Nozick and Tyler Cowen: Private Protection Agencies Will Become a de facto Government"
Ludwig von Mises and the Justification of the Liberal Order, by William Baumgarth, The Economics of Ludwig von Mises , Nov 1974
Critically examines various Mises' writings on liberalism, democracy, the wisdom of the masses, special-interest politics, equal treatment under the law, anarchism, self-determination and of course economics
"According to Mises, liberalism is necessarily opposed to anarchism ... But the logical extension of Mises' defense of liberalism may, in fact, point the way to anarchism. Why cannot any minority suddenly claim to be the majority by a geographical redefinition of the electorate? Anarchism need not endorse a belief in man's natural goodness or even a belief in utopian pacifism, as Mises apparently supposed. Anarchism may be a corollary of Mises' own belief in self-determination—something that he himself considered more important than majority rule ..."
Related Topics: Democracy, Economics, Founding Fathers, Free Market, Limited Government, Ludwig von Mises, Praxeology, Private Property
Lunar prisoners fight for freedom in Robert A. Heinlein's The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress, by Howard Baetjer, 1 Feb 2017
Discusses Heinlein's (and professor Bernardo de la Paz's) views on government and anarchism in the title book, with several excerpts, and ending with "Don't miss it"
"The book explores anarchism deeply throughout. Because the 'Loonies' (the moon is known as 'Luna') are convicts or the descendants of convicts, and because they cannot escape Luna without boarding one of the government's ships, the official government — the Lunar Authority, set up by the rulers on Earth — does not do much at all. ... And the revolutionaries debate anarchism among themselves, as in the following exchange from early in the story: '"I'm a rational anarchist." "I don't know that brand. ..." ...'"
Related Topics: Government, Robert A. Heinlein
Lysander Spooner, Part 1, by Wendy McElroy, Future of Freedom , Oct 2005
Lengthy biographical and bibliographical essay; from Spooner's birth to 1850-1860, examining his writings on economics, money, banking, mail delivery and slavery
"Through these writings, his evolution towards anarchism becomes clear. To some, it seemed clear from the beginning. For example, in responding to Unconstitutionality , Phillips had remarked, "Mr. Spooner's idea is practical no-governmentism. It leaves every one to do what is right in his own eyes." (One term for an "anarchist" in those days was a "no-government man.") The evolution can be seen from the writing ... in which Spooner defends the right of slaves to armed resistance ... Thus, the right of an individual or of a people to reject government and to rebel against it is recognized by the Constitution itself."
Related Topics: Banking, United States Constitution, William Lloyd Garrison, Occupational Licensing, Money, Monopoly, Rights, Lysander Spooner, Benjamin Tucker
Manning Show Trial Exposes the Fraud of Representative Democracy, by Kevin Carson, 30 Jul 2013
Analyzes the court martial of Bradley Manning and explains what the trial shows about the state
"Major Ashlend Fein, US Army prosecutor in Bradley Manning's court martial, caught my attention when he referred to Manning as an "anarchist" in closing arguments. ... Manning ... has certainly helped to promote anarchism. Exposing the corrupt reality of the state — its lies, torture, atrocities and collusion with authoritarian governments against their own people — behind all the talk of "peace" and "freedom" is the method of promoting anarchism. But equally deserving of credit, in helping us further the cause of anarchy, are Major Fein himself and everyone else involved in the Manning show trial."
Related Topic: Democracy
Neither Bullets nor Ballots [PDF], by Wendy McElroy, The Voluntaryist , Oct 1982
First editorial, describing the two major goals of The Voluntaryist , namely, to construct a theory of voluntaryism and to examine non-political strategies
"It is common for libertarians to view anarchism and minarchism as two trains going down the same track; minarchism simply stops a little before anarchism's destination. This is a mistaken notion. The destination of anarchism is different from and antagonistic to the destination of minarchism. The theory and the emotional commitment are different. ... Minarchists give reserved, qualified agreement all the while explaining the alleged distinction between a government and a state. Political anarchists are in the gray realm of agreeing heartily in words to principles which their actions contradict."
Related Topics: Libertarianism, Libertarian Party, Benjamin Tucker, Voluntaryism
Objectivism and the State: An Open Letter to Ayn Rand, by Roy Childs, The Rational Individualist , Aug 1969
Published by the Society for Rational Individualism (later merged into the Society for Individual Liberty); responds to five of Rand's arguments in her essay "The Nature of Government"
"... anarchy ... is the absence of the initiation of force, the absence of political rule, the absence of the state. We shall replace the state with the free market, and men shall for the fist time in their history be able to walk and live without fear of destruction being unleashed upon them at any moment – especially the obscenity of such destruction being unleashed by a looter armed with nuclear weapons and nerve gases."
Related Topics: Government, Limited Government, Ayn Rand, Murray Rothbard, The State
Robert A. Heinlein's Soaring Spirit of Liberty, by Jim Powell, The Freeman , Jul 1997
Biographical essay, including multiple quotes from fellow authors and significant excerpts from Heinlein's novels and stories
"Asked to expand on his views, Prof says: 'I'm a rational anarchist. ... A rational anarchist believes that concepts such as "state" and "society" and "government" have no existence save as physically exemplified in the acts of self-responsible individuals. He believes that it is impossible to shift blame, share blame, distribute blame ... as blame, guilt, responsibility are matters taking place inside human beings singly and nowhere else. ...'"
Related Topics: Achievement, Right to Keep and Bear Arms, Entrepreneurship, Robert A. Heinlein, Libertarianism, Liberty, Money, No Free Lunch, J. Neil Schulman, Science Fiction, Socialism, Taxation
Society without a State, by Murray Rothbard, 28 Dec 1974
Talk delivered at the American Society for Political and Legal Philosophy
"In my view, the anarchist society is one which maximizes the tendencies for the good and the cooperative, while it minimizes both the opportunity and the moral legitimacy of the evil and the criminal. If the anarchist view is correct and the state is indeed the great legalized and socially legitimated channel for all manner of antisocial crime — theft, oppression, mass murder — on a massive scale, then surely the abolition of such an engine of crime can do nothing but favor the good in man and discourage the bad."
Related Topics: Law, The State, Taxation
The Politics of Étienne de La Boétie, by Murray Rothbard, 1975
Introduction to the 1975 edition of The Politics of Obedience: The Discourse of Voluntary Servitude , translated by Harry Kurz; summarises the key insights of La Boétie's work
"Several historians of anarchism have gone so far as to classify La Boétie's treatise itself as anarchist, which is incorrect since La Boétie never extended his analysis from tyrannical government to government per se. But while La Boétie cannot be considered an anarchist, his sweeping strictures on tyranny and the universality of his political philosophy lend themselves easily to such an expansion."
Related Topics: Communism, Étienne de La Boétie, Libertarianism, Liberty, Nonviolent resistance, Political philosophy, Lysander Spooner, The State, Taxation
The System Builder, by Roy Childs, 1974
Foreword to the 1974 edition of Egalitarianism as a Revolt Against Nature and Other Essays ; compares Rothbard to Karl Marx as a "system builder" of anarchist thought
"... compared with Marx, all of the anarchist theorists can be considered superficial. Not that Warren, Tucker, Spooner, Stirner, Bakunin, Kropotkin, and Tolstoy, just to mention a few of the most famous anarchists, were in any way ignorant. Few theorists ... are as rigorous, passionate, and systematic as Lysander Spooner. And few considered as many issues and events as Tucker. Bakunin, too, was the founder of a movement that, for a time at least, rivaled that of Marx. But ... no anarchist theorist has reached the stature, intellectually speaking, of the great political philosophers in Western Civilization."
Related Topics: Libertarianism, Murray Rothbard
Tucker, Benjamin R. (1854-1939), by Aaron Steelman, The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism , 15 Aug 2008
Biographical essay
"In perhaps his most famous essay, 'State Socialism and Anarchism: How Far They Agree, and Wherein They Differ,' originally published in March 1886, Tucker argued that individualist anarchism should be viewed as part of the broader socialist movement. But he was quick to draw the distinction between Marxian socialism, which he defined as 'the doctrine that all the affairs of men should be managed by the government, regardless of individual choice,' and his own view, 'the doctrine that all the affairs of men should be managed by individuals or voluntary associations, and that the State should be abolished.'"
Related Topics: Benjamin Tucker, Socialism
'V for Vendetta', by Butler Shaffer, 20 Mar 2006
Review of the 2006 V for Vendetta film, praising both the story as well as the cinematography
"The openly anarchistic nature of this movie will produce shudders in well-conditioned statists who, in the words of F.A. Hayek, cling to their 'fear of trusting uncontrolled social forces.' Such people will trot out historic instances in which self-proclaimed 'anarchists' killed a few score of people, as evidence of the need for government. That states managed, in the 20th century alone, to slaughter some 200,000,000 people in wars and genocides has never provided an occasion for defenders of political systems to do a practical cost/benefit analysis of these alternative systems!"
Related Topics: Terrorism, V for Vendetta
V for Vendetta, by Wendy McElroy, 31 Jul 2010
Review of V for Vendetta (2006) both as a movie and as a political statement, comparing it to The Count of Monte Cristo (1934) (which is show in some scenes)
"... is V a movie about anarchism as it is sometimes claimed to be? Certainly V demands the utter absence of a coercive government. From its onset, the political message of V ... does not support the claim of anarchism. There is nothing inherently anarchist ... about destroying a political symbol or regime ... Whereas the graphic novel was a wholesale cry to rebel against statism itself, the movie rebels against a particular criminal government ... The close and constant identification with Fawkes, however, implies that he is not against all government but merely seeking revenge on the government that tortured him."
Related Topics: Libertarianism, Politics, Rights, V for Vendetta
Voltairine de Cleyre: Penitent Priestess of Anarchism, by Jeff Riggenbach, 17 Jun 2010
Biographical essay, transcript of "The Libertarian Tradition" podcast of 8 June 2010
"And Voltairine showed that her heart was in the right place when she argued for an idea that had already come to be called 'anarchism without adjectives.' She wrote in 1901, for example, that 'there are … several economic schools among Anarchists; there are Anarchist Individualists, Anarchist Mutualists, Anarchist Communists and Anarchist Socialists. In times past these several schools have bitterly denounced each other and mutually refused to recognize each other as Anarchists at all.' A 'far more reasonable idea,' she proposed, is 'that all these economic conceptions may be experimented with ...'"
Related Topics: Atheism, Voltairine de Cleyre, Libertarianism
Voltairine de Cleyre | Libertarianism.org, by Sharon Presley, Libertarian Review , Mar 1979
Biographical essay, discussing Cleyre's life, views on anarchism and marriage, and contrasting her to Emma Goldman
"But she eventually grew to the conclusion that neither individualism nor collectivism nor even mutualism was entirely satisfactory. 'I am an Anarchist, simply, without economic labels attached,' she was finally to declare. Unhyphenated anarchism or 'anarchism without adjectives' had other adherents as well—Errico Malatesta, Max Nettlau and Lum among them. These advocates of non-sectarian anarchism tried to promote tolerance for different economic views within the movement, believing that economic preferences would vary according to individual tastes and that no one person or group had the only correct solution."
Related Topics: Voltairine de Cleyre, Marriage
Anarchy, State and Utopia
by Robert Nozick, 1974
Partial contents: Why State-of-Nature Theory? - The State of Nature - Moral Constraints and the State - Prohibition, Compensation, and Risk - The State - Distributive Justice - Equality, Envy, Exploitation, Etc. - Demoktesis - A Framework for Utopia
Related Topic: The State
ISBN 0465002706 : Paperback, Basic Books, 1974
ISBN 0465051006 : Paperback, Basic Books, Revised edition, 2007
ISBN 063119780X : Paperback, Blackwell Publishing, New edition, 2001
Escape From Leviathan: Liberty, Welfare, and Anarchy Reconciled, by Jan Clifford Lester, 21 Jun 2000
Excerpts from each major section of the book available at Libertarian Alliance website; contents: Introduction - Rationality - Liberty - Welfare - Anarchy
Related Topic: Liberty
ISBN 0312234163 : Hardcover, Palgrave Macmillan, 2000
Anarchism in America
As shown on The Documentary Channel
Related Topic: Anarchism in America
Why Choose Anarchy?, by Anarchris, 17 May 2015
"When you come to these realizations, the question is no longer "why choose anarchy?" The question becomes "why choose government?" Amidst all the war and mayhem and corruption and destruction perpetuated in the name of the state, these elite criminals have the audacity to say that anarchy is chaos, but I have realized that government is chaos. This is why I call myself an anarchist. When I say that I am an anarchist, what I'm saying is that I recognize the evils of the world and that I understand who is responsible for them and I refuse to be complicit."
Are You an Anarchist?, by Roderick T. Long, The Lew Rockwell Show , 14 Nov 2008
Long explains what is anarchism and describes his intellectual influences
The introductory paragraph uses material from the Wikipedia article "Anarchism" as of 23 Jul 2018, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share-Alike License 3.0.
About Us - Contact Us - Most content available under Creative Commons Attribution license, see Content Licensing - Privacy Policy


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Why did I sign the 20/2/2015 Eurogroup agreement? What is DiEM25's strategy for democratising Europe?
DiEM25 English European Crisis Greek Crisis Uncategorized YanisV 6304 Views Comments Off on Why did I sign the 20/2/2015 Eurogroup agreement? What is DiEM25's strategy for democratising Europe? 05/10/2016
Yanis Varoufakis responds to Alexis Cukier and Patrick Surain, who challenged him on his time as Greek finance minister, the feasibility of reforming existing EU structures, and a left-wing exit from the EU. Read 'the challenge' here.
Thank you for your article in reply to my op-ed 'The Left After Brexit'. Here is my response to your important questions and retorts, which I take the liberty to summarise in the following headings:
1. Why did I sign the 20 February 2015 agreement with the Eurogroup? Was this not a violation of DiEM25's principle of constructive disobedience?
The mandate we received from the Greek people on 25 January 2015 was to negotiate, in good faith, an agreement with the Eurogroup that broke the vicious cycle of debt-deflation and allowed us to implement our economic program and reforms. We had no mandate to sign up to the logic and parameters of the troika's existing program, as Alexis Tsipras in the end did. And we did not have a mandate to orchestrate an early clash with the EU before we had exhausted the possibility of a viable agreement.
Upon coming to office, on 27 January 2015, there were only thirty days left to negotiate before the ECB pulled the plug from Greece's banks. Consistent with our mandate to give negotiations a chance, our task was twofold:
To extend the loan agreement by several months – since its expiry at the end of February would have resulted in the calling in of hundreds of billions of euros of previous loans, thus, ending of all chance of a negotiated agreement.
To de-couple the loan agreement from the Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) – i.e. the awful conditions the loan agreement came attached with, and which we had no right or mandate to accept (e.g. further austerity, fire sales of public assets, eradication of national sovereignty over the tax authorities etc.).
If you read the text of the 20 February Eurogroup communiqué, you will see that it satisfied both aims: The loan agreement was extended to the end of June, therefore giving us another four months to negotiate, and, importantly, it did not mention the previous MoU.
Instead, it specified that the Greek government was to submit its own list of reforms. This was a 'game changer' that Schäuble and other finance ministers opposed tooth and nail during the 20 February Eurogroup meeting: For the first time since the euro crisis hit Europe, a 'program' (i.e. bankrupt) country was invited to propose its own reform agenda, rather than being forced to accept the troika's.
My point here is that the 20 February Eurogroup agreement was entirely consistent with DiEM25's policy of 'constructive disobedience' and uniquely respectful of the mandate of the Greek electorate. The 'constructive' part was our willingness to negotiate in good faith. The 'disobedience' part pertained to my point blank refusal to accept the MoU on the 20 of February or at any point in the next four months.
In your letter you claim that it was clear from the beginning that the 20 February agreement "would inexorably lead to the capitulation of the government". While it is true that from April onwards they capitulated, you are giving Tsipras and his inner circle an excuse for capitulating that they do not deserve – the excuse that, once the 20 February agreement had been signed, their capitulation was pre-determined. It was not!
In summary: The four extra months that the 20 February Eurogroup agreement secured were crucial in two ways. First, in making it clear to the rest of the world, including the people of Greece, that our side was negotiating constructively and in good faith. Secondly, to prepare for the rupture that the troika was engineering. The fact that the Prime Minister did not use the opportunity that the extra four months gave him, and did not allow me to proceed with the 'disobedience' part of the strategy during or at the end of that period, cannot be blamed on the 20 February agreement which gave him, us, that opportunity.
2. When we call for an immediate "redeployment of the existing institutions", what do we mean? Are we in favour of the dismantling of the treaties and the current institutions of the European Union in order to replace them with others?
Every campaign requires short-term strategies and long-term goals. So, to answer your question, in the short term DiEM25 proposes redeployment of existing institutions.
For instance, we shall demand that the €80 billion printed by the ECB monthly are used to buy only bonds issued by the European Investment Bank in the context of a pan-European investment-led recovery program – one where the EIB invests up to 6% of Eurozone total income into sustainable energy, R&D, education, health and general infrastructure, funded by large issues of its own bonds, that the ECB purchases whenever this is necessary to keep the interest rate at which the EIB borrows close to zero.
Here is another example of a 'redeployed' institution: The European System of Central Banks has an account, called Target2, in which interest accumulate paid by the central banks of the deficit countries in proportion to their liabilities toward the central banks of the surplus countries. These monies are then redistributed to the finance ministries of the surplus countries – i.e. from the suffering periphery to the core. The EU Council can agree to ask the ECB that, instead of distributing these monies to the German, Dutch, Austrian etc. governments, that it places them in a special account to be used to fund a food stamp program for poor families throughout Europe.
The two examples above illustrate what we mean by a redeployment of existing institutions that can be done today, without changing the Treaties. These proposals expose the callousness of Europe's 'deep' establishment. They reveal that a great deal of good can be done within the Treating and 'rules' which is not being done because the establishment is not interested in doing good, unless the beneficiaries are the ones who already have everything.
Such are DiEM25's programmatic demands for the here and now. This does not mean that we underestimate the importance of struggling for new Treaties, new 'rules' and, yes, new, progressive institutions. But first we demand that the current ones are utilised as best as it is possible (showing how this can be done) and then we proceed with the struggle for a new European institutional framework – just as we say, from the outset, in DiEM25's Manifesto.
3. Why did I not use the Truth Commission on Greek Debt's report in my negotiations with the troika? Why did I, in my deposition to the Commission, concentrate on the banking system?
The answer to the second question is simple: As minister of finance I could serve the Commission no better than by to explain how the Greek public debt was created by the banking system as a by-product of the same process that led to the financial sector's implosion in 2008. It was the best way of illustrating the illegitimacy of the establishment's argument that Greece's public debt was incurred by the spendthrift people of Greece – something that Zoe Konstantopoulou, who headed the Commission, thanked me for in public.
The answer to the first question is even simpler: Before and during the election, I had proclaimed that the Greek public debt cannot be paid back and, thus, will not be paid back. That its restructuring was unavoidable independently of its origin, legitimacy etc. That, as finance minister, I would not sign any deal with the creditors that did not entail substantial debt relief. Why did I need to enter into a debate with creditors on whether the debt was legitimate or illegal when my line was that it would be restructured anyway?
Put differently, we were seeking, in accordance with our mandate, a negotiated, honourable, viable solution. If it came, I would sign it. If not, I would then, and only then, repudiate the debt and use any argument available to do so – including the Commission's report.
4. Why did I not organise an orderly bankruptcy process for the private banks? And why maintain Yanis Stournaras at the head of the Bank of Greece?
Organising a bankruptcy process for the banks would entail nationalising them. Nationalising them would trigger the end of the negotiations with the troika and would have given the troika the opportunity to place the blame for the impasse on us. Similarly with the governor of the Bank of Greece, Yannis Stournaras: I had no legal right to dismiss him and would have to change the Law to do this in a manner that violated Greece's Eurozone obligations.
In other words, if you want to criticise me for not effecting Grexit during the first month of coming to office, that's fine. Effecting Grexit would necessitate all of the above: Nationalising the banks, changing the law governing the Bank of Greece, repudiating all public debt and portraying it, using the Truth Commission's Report, as odious. But, as I explained from the outset, our government did not have a mandate to turn Grexit into our objective – we had a mandate to negotiate a New Deal for Greece and, if these negotiations failed, to then be prepared to do whatever it took to secure our country's democratic sovereignty, including the acceptance – if it came to it – that Greece would be pushed out of the Eurozone.
In this sense, it was right and proper that we did not nationalise the banks at the beginning, that we did not fire Mr Stournaras at the beginning, and that we signed the 20 February agreement. What was wrong and odious was that, once the troika revealed their lack of interest in negotiating in good faith, Alexis Tsipras and his inner circle capitulated.
5. When Syriza arrived in power in January 2015 and the ECB refused to grant liquidity to Greek banks, why did the government in which you were a member not devise and implement concrete monetary alternatives, whether it be the return to a national currency under democratic control or even an electronic currency (similar to Ecuador at the beginning of 2015) complementary to the Euro, managed by public authorities for the payment of goods and services of necessity as well as taxes?
I am glad that you asked this question, even though I am surprised that you did. Have you not heard that New Democracy, PASOK, Potami and indeed some of Syriza's ministers have charged me, in public, with 'treason' for having a team working on preparing for a possible Grexit (Plan X) and for having another team to implement the issue of electronic euro-denominated liquidity (using the tax office's web interface Taxisnet)? It was, as you say, my duty to do this. And I did, the result being that Greece's systemic media are hounding me, constantly portraying me as a plotter, a usurper, a rogue finance minister etc. etc.
6. Beyond the specific case of Greece, in your opinion which monetary alternatives could be used against the strategy of monetary asphyxiation that the Troika employs against any attempt to break out of the iron cage of austerity by other countries?
The same that I had planned for Greece and which you touched upon above: Electronic euro-denominated liquidity, the digitisation of all payments and a plan for, if need be, converting both into a new currency that the ECB cannot control. Expect much more on this in DiEM35's European New Deal White Paper that we shall present during the last week of February 2017 in Paris.
7. You ask: Does the DiEM25 Progressive Agenda for Europe, and the "head-on confrontation with the European establishment" that DiEM25 espouses, include debt restructuring, challenging the European Treaties, preparing for a disintegration of the Eurozone and the recreation of institutions (European, national and local) in a manner consistent with the needs of authentic democracy?
The simple answer is: Yes to all of the above. But remember DiEM25's simple message: To pursue this Progressive Agenda for Europe, we do not need to (and we must not) turn the disintegration of the Eurozone into our objective. What we need to do, and must do, is put together a constructive blueprint for Europe. But also be prepared for the disintegration of the Eurozone, even of the EU, that the establishment will bring about by fighting against the implementation of our rational, reasonable and humane Progressive Agenda for Europe.
Impressive list of elected DiEM25 Coordinators & Advisors has been announced
To prevent Brexit from turning nasty, progressive internationalists must come close to winning 10 Downing Street
116 Views 30/12/2020 Comments Off on "Global Trade & Capital Imbalances imperil Global Stability" – Redaction Politics reviews my Holberg 2020 debate with John Bolton


A series of articles looking at some Greek words used in scripture and tradition. The New Testament was written in a version of Ancient Greek called koine, as was some liturgy and theology.
A common word in the English translation of the New Testament is 'repent'. The Greek word metanoia, which means 'a change of mind', is most often used to translate 'repent'.
Metanoia is made up of two words – the Greek preposition, meta, meaning 'after', 'with', or 'among'; and noia (nous), meaning 'mind' or 'sense'. Greek verbs are often compounded with prepositions, creating subtle nuances that are difficult to render, so metanoia, although literally translated as 'thinking after', comes to mean 'changing one's mind'. Thus the meaning of metanoia is more complex than being sorry for sin, the usual understanding of repentance. It implies a fundamental change in the way the individual thinks about or senses the self, others, the world and the universe.
For example, in Matthew 4:17, From that time on, Jesus began to preach, "Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand", most modern English versions continue to translate metanoia as 'repent'. However, there are some exceptions: The Amplified Bible renders metanoia as 'change your life'; The Contemporary English Version says 'Turn back to God!' The God's Word translation renders the phrase as 'Change your hearts and lives' and the official Catholic translation used for scripture and liturgy from 400 to 1943, The Latin Vulgate, translates metanoia in this text as 'do penance', enabling the sacrament of penance to be linked to the word.
Susan Frykberg, BTheo, BA (Ancient Greek), MA, is a pastoral care worker for Nazareth Rest Home, Whanganui.


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El Antiphonarium benchorense es un manuscrito latino antiguo, que se supone escrito originalmente en el siglo VI en la abadía de Bangor, en la región que hoy es el condado de Down (Irlanda del Norte).
Se atribuye su autoría al abad irlandés Comgall de Bangor (516-622).

Hacia 1695, Luigi Antonio Muratori (1672-1750) encontró el códice en la Biblioteca Ambrosiana de Milán y lo bautizó Antiphonarium benchorense ('antifonario de Bangor'). El cardenal Federico Borromeo (1564-1631) lo había encontrado en la abadía de Bobbio (aldea a 60 km al noreste de Génova), y lo llevó a Milán —junto con muchos otros libros— en 1609, para fundar la Biblioteca Ambrosiana.

Canciones de Irlanda
Canciones en latín
Cantos de la liturgia cristiana
Fuentes musicales de la Edad Media
Libros en latín
Libros litúrgicos
Manuscritos del siglo VI
Cristianismo en Irlanda
Obras literarias medievales de Irlanda
Arte en Irlanda del siglo VI
Música en el siglo VI
Arquidiócesis de Milán
Textos cristianos del siglo VI
Historia de la literatura irlandesa

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Justia Dockets & Filings Ninth Circuit Arizona District Court AFL Telecommunications LLC v. SurplusEQ.com Incorporated et al Filing 32
AFL Telecommunications LLC v. SurplusEQ.com Incorporated et al
ORDER - IT IS HEREBY ORDERED GRANTING defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff'sclaim of common law unfair competition (doc. 25). IT IS ORDERED DENYING defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff's federal unfair competition, federal f alse advertising, and copyright infringement claims (doc. 25). IT IS FURTHER ORDERED DENYING defendants' motion to stay pending transfer as moot (doc. 31).IT IS FURTHER ORDERED DENYING plaintiff's motion for preliminaryinjunction (doc. 6). (See document for details). Signed by Judge Frederick J Martone on 9/13/11.(LAD)
1 WO 2 3 4 5 6 IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 7 FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ) ) ) Plaintiff, ) ) vs. ) ) SurplusEQ.com, Inc., Tech Sales, LLC,) and Daniel Parsons and Jane Doe Parsons,) ) ) Defendants. ) ) No. CV 11-01086-PHX-FJM AFL Telecommunications LLC, ORDER 16 17 The court has before it defendants' motion to dismiss (doc. 25), plaintiff's response 18 (doc. 29), and defendants' reply (doc. 30). Also before us are plaintiff's motion for 19 preliminary injunction (doc. 6), defendants' response (doc. 23), plaintiff's reply (doc. 27), and 20 defendants' motion to stay pending transfer (doc. 31). For the reasons that follow, we grant 21 in part and deny in part defendants' motion to dismiss. We deny plaintiff's motion for 22 preliminary injunction and deny defendants' motion to stay as moot. 23 I 24 Plaintiff AFL Telecommunications LLC ("AFL") is a wholly-owned subsidiary of 25 Fujikura Ltd. ("Fujikura"), a Japanese manufacturer of fiber optic equipment. One of 26 Fujikura's products is a fusion splicer, a device which it sells under the FUJIKURA 27 trademark. AFL is the exclusive North American licensee for FUJIKURA fusion splicers. 28 Defendants (an Arizona corporation, an Arizona limited liability company, the sole member 1 of the limited liability company, and his wife) sell fusion splicers and related equipment 2 online. Defendants import FUJIKURA fusion splicers designed for sale outside the United 3 States and sell them over the Internet to customers within the United States. These fusion 4 splicers are grey market goods, defined as goods which are "produced and legitimately sold 5 abroad under a particular trademark and are imported into the United States and sold in 6 competition with goods of the owner of U.S. trademark rights in the identical mark." Vivitar 7 Corp. v. United States, 761 F.2d 1552, 1555 (Fed. Cir. 1985). 8 Plaintiff filed a complaint on May 31, 2011, alleging claims for unfair competition 9 under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a), false advertising under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a), common law unfair 10 competition, and copyright infringement. Plaintiff filed a motion for preliminary injunction 11 on June 1, 2011. Defendants filed a motion to dismiss on July 26, 2011. Defendants' motion 12 to stay pending transfer (doc. 31), filed August 22, 2011, is also pending. II 13 14 When considering a motion to dismiss pursuant to Rule 12(b)(6), Fed. R. Civ. P., "a 15 court must construe the complaint in the light most favorable to the plaintiff and must accept 16 all well-pleaded factual allegations as true." Shwarz v. United States, 234 F.3d 428, 435 (9th 17 Cir. 2000). On the other hand, a court is "not bound to accept as true a legal conclusion 18 couched as a factual allegation." Bell Atl. Corp. v. Twombly, 550 U.S. 544, 555, 127 S. Ct. 19 1955, 1965 (2007) (quoting Papasan v. Allain, 478 U.S. 265, 286, 106 S. Ct. 2932, 2944 20 (1986)). To survive a motion to dismiss, the complaint must contain "enough facts to state 21 a claim to relief that is plausible on its face." Id. at 570, 127 S. Ct. at 1974. "A claim has 22 facial plausibility when the plaintiff pleads factual content that allows the court to draw the 23 reasonable inference that the defendant is liable for the misconduct alleged." Ashcroft v. 24 Iqbal, 556 U.S. ___, 129 S. Ct. 1937, 1949 (2009). Dismissal under Rule 12(b)(6) may be 25 "based on the lack of a cognizable legal theory or the absence of sufficient facts alleged 26 under a cognizable legal theory." Balistreri v. Pacifica Police Dep't, 901 F.2d 696, 699 (9th 27 Cir. 1990). 28 III -2- 1 Plaintiff's first claim is for unfair competition under the Lanham Act. This statute 2 creates civil liability for anyone who makes a false or misleading representation which "is 3 likely to cause confusion, or to cause mistake, or to deceive as to the affiliation, connection, 4 or association of such person with another person, or as to the origin, sponsorship, or 5 approval of his or her goods, services, or commercial activities by another person." 15 6 U.S.C. § 1125(a)(1)(A). The ultimate issue under this statute is "whether there is a likelihood 7 of confusion as to source." Am. Circuit Breaker Corp. v. Oregon Breakers Inc., 406 F.3d 8 577, 584-85 (9th Cir. 2005). There is no likelihood of confusion if two products are 9 materially different. When dealing with grey market goods, "the threshold of materiality 10 must be kept low enough to take account of potentially confusing differences–differences 11 that are not blatant enough to make it obvious to the average consumer that the origin of the 12 product differs from his or her expectations." Societe Des Produits Nestle, S.A., v. Casa 13 Helvetia, Inc., 982 F.2d 633, 641 (1st Cir. 1992). 14 While there is no dispute as to whether the fusion splicers sold by defendants were 15 actually manufactured by Fujikura, there is a dispute as to whether defendants modified these 16 products. Plaintiff alleges that defendants changed the products' serial numbers and replaced 17 memory chips in a way that damaged the products. These alleged changes are material, 18 according to plaintiff, and therefore create a presumption of consumer confusion. Accepting 19 these factual allegations as true, as we must at this stage, plaintiff has alleged the elements 20 necessary to state a cause of action for unfair competition under the Lanham Act. 21 22 IV Plaintiff also claims a violation of common law unfair competition. Unfair 23 competition at common law consists of several tort theories. Fairway Constructors, Inc. v. 24 Ahern, 193 Ariz. 122, 124, 970 P.2d 954, 956 (Ct. App. 1998). Plaintiff has failed to the 25 provide the court with any indication of which theory of unfair competition it is alleging. 26 Accordingly, plaintiff's claim of common law unfair competition is dismissed. 27 28 V A prima facie case of false advertising under 15 U.S.C. § 1125(a)(1)(B) requires a -3- 1 showing of a false statement made by the defendant in a commercial advertisement or 2 promotion which actually deceived or had the tendency to deceive its audience. The 3 deception must have been material, the defendant must have caused its statement to enter 4 interstate commerce, and the plaintiff must have been injured as a result. Jarrow Formulas, 5 Inc. v. Nutrition Now, Inc., 304 F.3d 829, 835 n.4 (9th Cir. 2002). 6 The disputed element here is whether the statement was made in a commercial 7 advertisement or promotion. For representations to constitute commercial advertising or 8 promotion under this statute, they must be "(1) commercial speech; (2) by a defendant who 9 is in commercial competition with plaintiff; (3) for the purpose of influencing consumers to 10 buy defendant's goods or services." Coastal Abstract Serv., Inc. v. First Am. Title Ins. Co., 11 173 F.3d 725, 735 (9th Cir. 1999). The representations must also "be disseminated 12 sufficiently to the relevant purchasing public to constitute 'advertising' or 'promotion' within 13 that industry." Id. The plaintiff alleges that defendants' advertisement and promotion of the 14 splicers constituted false descriptions or representations of fact, which were disseminated 15 through defendants' websites and a blog. Compl. ¶¶ 63, 65. Defendants dispute that their 16 blog could be the basis for a false advertising claim, as they contend that it is informational 17 and therefore not commercial speech. Even if true, though, this argument does not dispose 18 of plaintiff's claim. Plaintiff alleges false statements were published on various sales 19 websites owned by the defendants in addition to the blog. These allegations are sufficient 20 to put defendants' statements within the realm of commercial speech. The other parts of the 21 "commercial advertising or promotion" definition are satisfied, as well as the remaining 22 elements of a prima facie case. Plaintiff has pled sufficient facts to show the facial 23 plausibility of a claim for false advertising. VI 24 25 According to plaintiff, the software in FUJIKURA splicers is copyrighted by Fujikura 26 and exclusively licensed to AFL. Defendants allegedly infringed this copyright by 27 distributing fusion splicers with this software in violation of 17 U.S.C. § 106(3), which gives 28 a copyright owner exclusive rights to distribute copies of the copyrighted work by sale or -4- 1 other transfer of ownership. To establish infringement, plaintiff must show "ownership of 2 the allegedly infringed material and . . . demonstrate that the alleged infringers violate at least 3 one exclusive right granted to copyright holders under 17 U.S.C. § 106." A&M Records, Inc. 4 v. Napster, Inc., 239 F.3d 1004, 1013 (9th Cir. 2001). As an exclusive licensee, plaintiff 5 owns an exclusive right under 17 U.S.C. § 106 and so may sue for copyright infringement. 6 17 U.S.C. §§ 501(b), 106; Silvers v. Sony Pictures Entm't, Inc., 402 F.3d 881, 884-85 (9th 7 Cir. 2005). Accepting plaintiff's factual allegations and reasonable inferences as true, 8 plaintiff has stated a claim for copyright infringement. 9 Defendants argue that they have an affirmative defense to copyright infringement 10 under the first-sale doctrine. However, in Omega S.A. v. Costco Wholesale Corp., the 11 United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit limited the first-sale doctrine to 12 domestically made copies of copyrighted works. 541 F.3d 982, 985 (9th Cir. 2008), aff'd per 13 curiam, 131 S. Ct. 565 (2010). Plaintiff's complaint does not directly state that the software 14 at issue was manufactured outside the United States, but this can reasonably be inferred. As 15 a result, under Omega, the first-sale doctrine is unavailable to the defendants because the 16 subject goods were not made domestically. 17 Defendants also contend that plaintiff's claim is barred by copyright misuse. While 18 they say that the defense of copyright misuse is clear from the face of the complaint, they do 19 not provide any explanation for this statement. "The misuse defense prevents copyright 20 holders from leveraging their limited monopoly to allow them control of areas outside the 21 monopoly." A&M Records, 239 F.3d at 1026. There is no indication of an unduly restrictive 22 licensing scheme, unilateral refusal to license a copyright, or other behavior suggesting 23 plaintiff has attempted to impermissibly expand its monopoly. Id. at 1027 & n.8. Plaintiff's 24 claim of copyright infringement is valid and not barred by the defense of misuse. 25 VII 26 "A plaintiff seeking a preliminary injunction must establish that he is likely to succeed 27 on the merits, that he is likely to suffer irreparable harm in the absence of preliminary relief, 28 that the balance of equities tips in his favor, and that an injunction is in the public interest." -5- 1 Winter v. Natural Res. Def. Council, Inc., 555 U.S. 7, 20, 129 S. Ct. 365, 374 (2008). 2 Plaintiff's motion for preliminary injunction is denied because plaintiff does not show it will 3 suffer irreparable harm in the absence of an injunction. Irreparable harm is no longer 4 presumed in a trademark or copyright case upon a showing of a likelihood of success on the 5 merits. Flexible Lifeline Sys., Inc. v. Precision Lift, Inc., No. 10-35987, 2011 WL 3659315, 6 at *5 (9th Cir. Aug. 22, 2011) ("proclaim[ing] that the 'King' is dead, referring to Elvis 7 Presley the case–to the extent it supported the use of a presumption of irreparable harm in 8 issuing injunctive relief."). 9 Plaintiff argues that, even without this presumption, it will suffer irreparable harm in 10 the form of injury to reputation, injury to goodwill, and the threatened loss of prospective 11 customers. Such intangible injuries can qualify as irreparable harm. Rent-A-Center, Inc. v. 12 Canyon Television & Appliance Rental, Inc., 944 F.2d 597, 603 (9th Cir. 1991). But 13 "[s]peculative injury does not constitute irreparable injury." Goldie's Bookstore, Inc. v. 14 Superior Court, 739 F.2d 466, 472 (9th Cir. 1984). Plaintiff has not introduced any factual 15 evidence of its purported injuries here. A plaintiff seeking an injunction under the Lanham 16 Act must "offer something more than a mere subjective belief that he is likely to be injured 17 as a result of the false advertising, he must submit proof which provides a reasonable basis 18 for that belief." PBM Prods., LLC v. Mead Johnson & Co., 639 F.3d 111, 127 (4th Cir. 19 2011) (quoting Coca-Cola Co. v. Tropicana Prods., Inc., 690 F.2d 312, 316 (2d Cir. 1982)). 20 Since no proof of irreparable injury has been submitted, plaintiff has not met the standard for 21 a preliminary injunction. VIII 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 IT IS HEREBY ORDERED GRANTING defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff's claim of common law unfair competition (doc. 25). IT IS ORDERED DENYING defendants' motion to dismiss plaintiff's federal unfair competition, federal false advertising, and copyright infringement claims (doc. 25). IT IS FURTHER ORDERED DENYING defendants' motion to stay pending transfer as moot (doc. 31). -6- 1 2 3 IT IS FURTHER ORDERED DENYING plaintiff's motion for preliminary injunction (doc. 6). DATED this 13th day of September, 2011. 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 -7-


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Who is hosting the c. m. a. fest?
CMA Fest 2022 is underway on ABC and got started on Wednesday, August 3 at 5 p.m. PT/8 p.m. ET.
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In this article, you will find 3 different creative ideas for strategy diagrams designed in PowerPoint. Get inspired to create your own set of templates for key business presentations.
As a business presenter, you would've realized that making a strategy presentation is quite different from making any other presentation.
Your content is mostly conceptual. Your ideas originate from your big picture thinking. You can't capture the depth of your thoughts using the usual 'boxes and arrows' type of diagrams. You can't use pictures that hijack your audience attention either.
You need a wide variety of well thought-out diagrams that can capture your ideas far better than what text based slides can do.
But unfortunately, it is not easy to find good strategy diagrams that communicate your ideas in an insightful manner.
In this article, we've tried to show you some interesting and creative diagram options based on our experience in management and training roles.
We hope to inspire you to create your own set of diagram templates based on the options we present to you.
When you want to convey a concept to your audience, sometimes you may need to go beyond just abstract representation. That is when simple insightful visuals come in handy.
Sales Strategy Presentation Example:One of our clients in financial sector wanted to talk about how multiple senior managers set different targets to the same group of sales people. In the end, the sales people end up confused, trying to chase these multiple targets simultaneously.
We represented this by making multiple copies of a target board and captured the 'confused state' using a silhouette. This simple representation quickly set the context for the presentation.
We haven't shown the actual content here since all client presentations are confidential.
If you want to represent two targets as two options available, you may use the visual of a diverging road leading to two different targets (represented by different colors).
By using an appropriate visual you help your audience get your context quickly. Don't be afraid to combine visuals with diagrammatic representations.
Another way to convey your strategic concepts is to use easily understood metaphors.
Competition Strategy Example:For example, one of our clients wanted to provide a top level view of what was going on between them and the competition.
We used a chess board to represent the idea of 'Us versus Competition'. We used a raised platform to represent the 'top level view' of the situation. The rungs represent organization levels.
Actual content not shown here as client presentations are confidential.
When you use metaphors, your message reaches your audience in a memorable way. Interestingly, this diagram is now available as part of the CEO Pack.
The pack has tons of useful and simple metaphors designed as editable diagram templates. The individual parts of the slide can be copied and used in other slides to establish continuity.
That makes these 'concept based strategy diagrams' versatile and useful for business presenters.
In the above diagram, we used the metaphor of a maze to capture the emotions of the team facing a challenging ordeal. The visual of a clock indicates the pressure of time ticking along.
The third way is to use the power of custom animation to convey concepts. Most presenters don't realize the power of a professional and purposeful custom animation in conveying strategic concepts.
Strategy Presentation Example:A country manager wanted to talk to his senior management team about how they were all aligned inward to their own goals. He wanted them to align towards the common organizational goal rather than their department goals.
It captures the idea clearly and he was able to present the concept step by step.
See how well PowerPoint animations can capture business insights!
These high quality diagrams are time intensive to create, but the impact they have on your audience is to be seen to be believed.
One of our strategic presentations based on metaphors is still remembered years after we have left the organization!
A good diagram is worth a thousand text-based slides. Start collecting good strategic diagrams in your library to be used for your future business presentations. You can save time and enhance your message effectiveness.
Remember, in strategic presentations, the message needs to travel multiple levels without losing its meaning. A good metaphor or diagram helps you communicate effectively.


Rolling Stone magazine released an audio clip in which Kemp appears to say that he is anxious about an "unprecedented" number of absentee ballot applications after Abrams' campaign focused on turning out its base with absentee ballots.
"We're following the process", said Kemp in an interview with WABE.
"He's been sued by the military for refusing to allow soldiers overseas to cast ballots". And that's the deeper concern that I have. "Voter suppression isn't only about blocking the vote, it's also about creating an atmosphere of fear, making people worry that their vote won't count".
Brian Kemp, the Georgia Republican candidate for governor, expressed alarm that his opponent Stacey Abrams' voter turnout efforts "continues to concern us, especially if everybody uses and exercises their right to vote", according to an audio recording leaked to Rolling Stone. The Confederate emblem was added "as a rebuke of the growing Civil Rights movement", the Associated Press reported.
A photo emerged on Monday night that showed Stacey Abrams, Georgia's Democratic candidate for governor, burning the state's flag during a protest at Georgia's Capitol in 1992 while she was a freshman at Spelman College in Atlanta. "I have always fulfilled and follow the law", Kemp said. Like his supporter and role model, Donald Trump, Kemp built his attack lines around a carefully constructed set of mischaracterizations (to use the charitable term) of Abrams's actual agenda, mostly based on dubious cost estimates of a single-payer system that she's embraced as an ultimate goal, but not as anything she'd try to enact as governor.
Abrams previously defended taking out-of-state campaign donations by arguing that Georgia is a "national state".
Ms Abrams' campaign against Confederate symbols did not stop in her student days.
On an official visit to the University of the South Pacific, Meghan gave a speech promoting education and women's rights. A meeting with Tonga's king and queen was followed by traditional dancing and singing at an evening party.
The 25-year-old has a chance of being involved against Everton but may have to wait for the trip to Bournemouth on November 3. The player is now sidelined, having missed their 1-0 Champions League defeat to Juventus in midweek.
The only surprise was that it took half an hour for City to break the deadlock, Silva following up his victor against Hoffenheim with an emphatic finish to set his team on their way.
A recent Associated Press report showed that Kemp's office has held up the voter registrations of more than 50,000 people, majority Black, because of perceived problems with their registration forms.
Abrams has leveraged media coverage of the list and accused Kemp of actively suppressing minority votes.
If elected, Abrams, 44, would become the first black female governor in the nation. He also cited that because there were many eyes on this election "I'm certain that there would be a lot of people watching that". I was actually shocked - I had to watch that video twice.
Robert Howard, a political science professor at Georgia State University, told Fox News it's not a matter of if but when Georgia sees a blue wave, considering its dramatic demographic changes.
Abrams denied the charge again Tuesday, saying: "I have never in my life asked for anyone who is not legally eligible to vote to be able to cast a ballot".
Kemp made the comments at an event called "Georgia Professionals for Kemp".
"I'm so bullish on Medicaid expansion because I know it works", Abrams said.
The aim of the survey is to assess changes in the ice height of several glaciers draining into the Larsen A, B, and C embayments. Sometimes, these tabular icebergs are huge in size, measuring hundreds of miles in length and hundreds of feet in height.
The lawsuits say that could result in voters being notified too late to fix the problem, jeopardizing their right to vote.
One of the suspicious packages was addressed to Hillary Clinton's residence in Chappaqua, New York, and was found late Tuesday. Secret Service confirmed Wednesday that two packages were sent to the Clintons and Obamas in the last 24 hours.
For days, Mexican police have made a point of showing stepped up security, standing guard in riot gear as the group marches on. He added that they would leave before dawn Wednesday headed for Mapastepec, about 38 miles (60 kilometers) up the coast.
Details about how authorities ultimately found the Biden package on Thursday morning in DE weren't immediately available. De Niro received a standing ovation at the Tony awards in NY in June for a speech attacking the president.
Eric Deacon, an emergency medical technician who was shopping at the store when gunfire broke out, said he heard a "loud bang". The suspect fled to his auto and reached Hurstbourne Parkway, but was taken in to custody nearby shortly thereafter.
But she noted that the increase in risk of developing cancer is small compared to the effects that lifestyle changes can have. The researchers used data from the NutriNet-Santé study to examine the eating habits of almost 70,000 French adults.
Reyes then filmed Princess sauntering over to a different auto where she successfully acquired a piece of the driver's burger. When Reyes pulled over her vehicle , Princess immediately recognised her and started wagging her tail, stated the report.
It's going to be harder without Coop, it's going to be harder without Khalil, we knew that. And he has been clear about his open-door policy.
There are some habits or personal characteristics, called risk factors, that increase a woman's chance of getting breast cancer. During preventative surgery to remove her ovaries, doctors discovered her mother had Stage 1 ovarian cancer.
The leaders will discuss a range of regional and global issues, including North Korea's denuclearisation. Which is why news of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's upcoming visit to China is remarkable.
US President Donald Trump has stated that it will be up to the US Congress to decide what to do in response to the killing. Saudi King Salman and Prince Mohammed met Salah and Khashoggi's brother Sahel at the royal palace in Riyadh on Tuesday.
An NBC News article Friday, citing unnamed sources, explained that Kelly is still in talks with the channel about her future. Kelly has had no comment since Wednesday, when she appeared live on her show and apologized for the blackface comments.
This year has started out rough as the team dropped to 1-3 after a Wednesday night defeat to the Utah Jazz. The Houston Rockets have offered four first round picks to the Minnesota Timberwolves for Jimmy Butler .
Although May called any extension "undesirable", she said there were some circumstances in which it could be desirable. That's the choice Theresa May has. "The choice she has is pretty clear now", Russell said.
Saudi authorities have arrested 18 people as part of an investigation into the case. Turkish reports said a member of his entourage was involved in the crime.
Pence said at an earlier Washington Post forum that China and Russian Federation have established similar space forces. Pence said, President Donald Trump believes that space is a war fighting domain just like "the land, air and sea".
Istanbul's governorate on Sunday ruled a protection order for Hatice Cengiz, fiancee of slain Saudi journalist Jamal Khashoggi . Saudi Arabia is Germany's second-largest weapons customer, according to official data reported by German news agency DPA.
At least 18 people, a lot of them children, have been killed after raging floodwaters swept away a school bus near the Dead Sea . Thirty-four people were saved in a major operation involving police helicopters and hundreds of army troops, police chief Brig.
Sanders released a statement earlier Wednesday saying the "cowards" responsible for the packages would be brought to justice. Maxine Waters , a California Democrat who is a frequent target of the president's ridicule.
In their final meeting before Floridians choose their next governor in two weeks, Tallahassee mayor Andrew Gillum and former U.S. Ron DeSantis traded fire for fire at Broward College in Davie Wednesday night in their second gubernatorial debate .
Loftus-Cheek will hope he has done enough to be in Sarri's plans for Sunday's trip to Burnley as the Italian looks to maintain his unbeaten start to life in English football .
The newspaper alleges, citing the same anonymous officials, that China and Russian Federation are listening in on Trump's calls . Donald Trump termed the NYT report as a " fake story" and said he rarely uses his cellphone.
The Red Sox honored Schilling prior to a game vs. the Braves on May 28, 2014, about two years before his exit from ESPN. No worries though, great to see @45PedroMartinez @davidortiz and @KMillar15 "The pimper (sic) of walks" though".
After two weeks of Saudi denials, diplomats eventually admitted Khashoggi was "mistakenly" killed during a brawl in the consulate. But Sabah, another pro-government newspaper, says Saudi Arabia has yet to give Turkish authorities permission for a search.
Google has been reeling under pressure over a Google+ privacy flaw that left hundreds of thousands of users exposed to hacking. The company's CEO Sundar Pichai has since agreed to attend House judiciary committee meeting in November.
Apple and Samsung were fined €10m and €5m apiece following investigations that determined they held "unfair commercial practices". The authority demanded that both the companies display a notice on their Italian websites informing the users about the decision.


text:
Hot Seat: Michael Robertson
By mfoley on March 17, 2003 at 8:01 am
Desktop Linux doesn't seem to keep Microsoft Chairman Bill Gates awake at night. But it should – the same way that Linux on the server gives Microsoft brass nightmares – claims Michael Robertson.
Robertson is the CEO of Lindows.com, the company that's selling dirt-cheap Linux PCs in Wal-Marts. (And the company that will meet Microsoft in court in December to fight for the right to its "Lindows" trademark.)
This week, the "Open Source for National and Local eGovernment Programs" confab hits Washington, D.C. While Robertson isn't slated to present, Microsoft is — on its shared source initiative. What concerns Microsoft so about Linux? What should the Redmond juggernaut be worrying about? Microsoft Watch queried Robertson on these very topics.
MS WATCH: Microsoft owns 90+ percent of the desktop Windows and Windows-based office suite markets. They have cornered these markets through OEM and volume licensing deals. What real hope is there for you to penetrate here?
Robertson: It's a question of economics, namely LindowsOS offers much greater economics. Thanks to StarOffice, we can offer file-level compatibility with .doc, .xls and .ppt files for one-fourth or less of the price for Microsoft Office. In a time when people are carefully watching their spending, that type of savings is a real boon and matters to the majority of people.
MS WATCH: MS seems afraid of Linux on the server, but not of Linux on the desktop. Why should they be?
Robertson: Linux has one major advantage-cost. Cost is the most important decision for every purchasing decision. Microsoft has 15,000 people in their Microsoft Windows division. I have 50 in my entire company. Consequently, I'm going to be able to offer products at a tiny fraction of their costs because my overhead is so much smaller. This gives me a significant built in pricing advantage.
In every market, there is room for a low cost leader and that's what Linux will do-grab 25 percent of the value conscience buyers. There's not an unregulated market you can't point to that doesn't have a low cost provider who accounts for a significant portion of the business. It's been slow coming to the PC business because of Microsoft's well-documented tactics, but it is coming.
For the rest of the interview, click this link to go to page two on Microsoft Watch.
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And the movie reminded me of something. Most of the odd and charming (or even uncharming) Jews in the movies these days are men. It's nice to see a woman (or someone who is almost a woman) get her due. And it's always a pleasure to see Keisha Castle-Hughes in movies. I worried her career was going to disappear after she had a daughter at 17 (although, lest I sound condemnatory, it sounds like her boyfriend is a stand-up guy, and she's had support). So I'm glad to see her back, even if the vehicle is uneven.


Using the services and websites of I & Q GROUP, spol. s r.o. on the iq-test.pl portal (hereinafter together referred to as "the Service") is governed by these terms of the contractual relationship between the User and I & Q GROUP, spol. with Registered Office, Nepravidelna 329/9, Prague 10, Czech Republic, filed with the Registry Court in Prague, Section C, File 137166 (hereinafter referred to as the "Provider").
For the purposes of these Terms, the user is a natural or legal person who is eligible to act in accordance with these Terms and Conditions, uses the Provider's Services and is registered or complies with these Terms and Conditions in accordance with these Terms By creating a user account (also referred to as "User").
In order to use the Service, the User must first agree to the Terms. If the User does not agree with the Terms, he can not use the Service. Agreeing with the Terms the User will also express his /her use of the Service.
The service provided by the Provider is in particular the ability to detect the Intelligence Quotient of the User through the intelligence test, or the average amount of Intelligence Quotient of the States ("IQ Tests") as well.
Basic Definitions: IQ = Intelligence Quotient (Quotient = ratio, share) is an intelligent pointer with a normal distribution of 100 and a standard deviation of 15. Test = a combination of tasks and possible answers where the best right solution is one. The test can evaluate different types of IQ (natural intelligence, numerical intelligence, spatial 3D intelligence, etc.) and merge them into a single IQ value, which is the more accurate the more tests the user is going through.
The services provided by the Provider to the User are provided "as is". The Provider does not provide the User with any warranties regarding the Services, in particular no warranties regarding the functionality, speed and availability of the Services.
Service available from age 16.
The user is not entitled to use the Service for any purpose inconsistent with these Terms and Conditions or applicable law of the Czech Republic or other states pertaining to the User or to damage the Provider's reputation. The User undertakes to indemnify the Provider for any damage resulting from the User's breach of these Terms and Conditions.
If a User detects any third party's misuse of his identification data and passwords, he will immediately notify the Provider.
In order for a user to know the results of his IQ test, he must choose the same site he /she is currently in. Otherwise, the results of the IQ test will not be available to the User for technical reasons.
The use of the Service by the User is subject to a fee, as a result of a composite IQ test. The amount of the fee is governed by the Provider's pricelist, which also specifies the payment terms and information on taxes and fees; delivery costs are not charged or charged due to the nature of the Services.
By entering the order and paying the reward for the result of the IQ test, a contract (hereinafter also referred to as the "Agreement") between the Provider and the User is governed by these Terms and the Provider's offer. The user expressly agrees that the IQ test result will be provided to him immediately after the conclusion of the contract, based on user requirements, ie before the expiration of the general withdrawal period. The successful execution of the payment will generate a document to the User, which together with these Terms constitutes a text copy of the contract; The User is entitled to save and print these Terms. At the same time, the user agrees that the information contained in these Terms is provided in a different text form, ie not in writing.
If the User is a consumer within the meaning of Section 419 of Act No. 89/2012 Coll., the Civil Code, as amended, it has the right to withdraw from a contract concluded when using distance communication devices without giving any reason within 14 days of its takeover. If the User has already started to perform the Contract at the user's request, the User will pay to the Provider the agreed price for the Services provided until the withdrawal, so the User does not have the right to withdraw from the Contract in the scope of the already provided Services. Resignation is required by the User to address consumersupport@iq-test.eu , and may also use the provided withdrawal form, which is Appendix 1 to these Terms.
The cost of using the Communication Services by the Provider does not increase the Service price and are included therein. The cost of remote means of communication on the part of the User goes to his burden.
Complaints about any Problem with the Services or payment are handled by the Provider at consumersupport@iq-test.eu . The user is obliged to claim the rights of defects immediately after the defect is detected or after the defect can be ascertained in the exercise of the usual care. Complaints Provider deals as soon as possible, regularly within 24 hours. The Provider will make the maximum for the positive settlement of the claim. Other claims for compensation for defective performance will be settled without undue delay and the Provider will inform the User about the outcome of the complaint no later than 30 days after the claim has been filed. In the event that a claim is acknowledged, the User will be credited with the amount corresponding to the extent of the defective service provided if the User does not expressly exercise any other legal entitlement. However, it is not considered as a defect in the Service that it is impossible to enter the SMS code due to a failure of the Internet connection or technical equipment of the User.
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The Partner is only entitled to a commission (commission) if he has promoted the Services in accordance with the Terms.
In the event of a violation of the Partner Terms, the Partner is not entitled to a reward and the Partner is obliged to reimburse all of the remuneration paid by the Provider.
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text:
Simple Physically Based Renderer Study with Vulkan
![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/dragonmeupbaby.png)
![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/dragon_porcelin.png)
![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/balls.png)

![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/sphere_test.png)

# Why?
Cause I felt like it, wanna fite m8?

![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/metal_buddha.png)
![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/rough_buddha.png)
![alt tag](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study/master/images/default_buddha.png)
# How do I build this sh*t?
You need CMake and Git for this.
Clone this repo (don't forget to add submodules as well)
```
git clone https://github.com/Cheezboiger/pbr-study.git
git submodule update --init --recursive
```
then call cmake:
```
cmake path/to/pbr-study
```
depending on what OS you built this project on, you either run the makefile if you are using linux, or open the .sln file for windows (if you used visual studio).

# What about your Vikr Renderer?
Felt like taking a break, wtf bruh? I cain't take a brek?!?!?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


It's not like Birmingham, AL hasn't been making its share of news about news recently. It appeared to do so again yesterday, when Jim Romanesko's website highlighted a decision by the city's ABC affiliate, ABC 33/40, to pull a story about the pending nuptials for Good Morning America's weekday weatherman, Sam Champion and his his longtime boyfriend Rubem Robierb announced last week.
The thread that originated the conversation was started on October 8, three days after the original post was made to the station's website. It was the same day they posted a link on their Facebook page to a brief piece on gay marriage as it relates to the race for Alabama's State Supreme Court chief justice.
The link referenced to in the Romanesko story does indeed point to the site's "our apologies" page.
A search online though does provide a link to an AP story posted to the owned station's site about the nuptials (the one referenced in this Facebook thread). According to the site, the AP story was published at 3:17 p.m. CT on October 5 (the same day it appeared on the GMA portion of the Yahoo! News site at 2:25 p.m. ET ) and references his title on the show in the URL slug. A close look at the URL sequence also shows that the link referenced to in the Facebook thread was a newer post (#19762177), perhaps a duplicate to the original (its sequence number is 19748879).
The removal of the Facebook references are ironic when you consider the same day Champion's news broke, they shared another piece via their fan page about the expanded influence of the social network. It does make you wonder though what would have happened had this series of events happened on Saturday (it's the official observance of Gen Y Get Offline Day) or next March during the National Day of Unplugging… Or do you ever unplug?


When the owner of Vancouver's premier high performance audio centre decided to relocate to gentrified Gastown, they wisely brought in Wicks Electric for the precise and often finicky electrical installation. A store like this has exacting requirements for both sound and visual. It's all about enhancing the client experience while showcasing their top-of-the-line products. The largest commercial installation Adam's company has had to date, they were thrilled to work on this stunning project. In addition to working with a great new client, Adam also forged a good working relationship with Lance Berger of Bon Contractors, the general contractor on the project.