text:
Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7
Nobuyoshi Miyamoto, Kazuyuki Kuroda, Makoto Ogawa
A cationic cyanine dye, 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine (PIC), was successfully intercalated into Na2Ti3O7 by a guest-exchange method using a propylamine/Ti3O7 intercalation compound as the intermediate. Based on the XRD and chemical analytical results, it was presumed that PIC was densely packed in the interlayer space with the short axis of its quinoline-ring almost perpendicular to the host layer. Spectroscopic results revealed that the PIC formed J-aggregates even in the restricted space between the titanate layers.
Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals
10th International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds (ISIC 10) - Okasaki, Jpn
継続期間: 1999 5 30 → 1999 6 3
「Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7」の研究トピックを掘り下げます。これらがまとまってユニークなフィンガープリントを構成します。
Intercalation compounds Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Propylamine Chemical Compounds 66%
J-Aggregates Chemical Compounds 63%
Cyanine Dye Chemical Compounds 59%
titanates Physics & Astronomy 55%
Dyes Engineering & Materials Science 54%
dyes Physics & Astronomy 41%
Miyamoto, N., Kuroda, K., & Ogawa, M. (2000). Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 341, 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250008026150
Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7. / Miyamoto, Nobuyoshi; Kuroda, Kazuyuki; Ogawa, Makoto.
In: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, Vol. 341, 2000, p. 259-264.
Miyamoto, N, Kuroda, K & Ogawa, M 2000, 'Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7', Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol. 341, pp. 259-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250008026150
Miyamoto N, Kuroda K, Ogawa M. Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 2000;341:259-264. https://doi.org/10.1080/10587250008026150
Miyamoto, Nobuyoshi ; Kuroda, Kazuyuki ; Ogawa, Makoto. / Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7. In: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology Section A: Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals. 2000 ; Vol. 341. pp. 259-264.
@article{8a3dc5a8d1f34373aef600047f4ffe8a,
title = "Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7",
abstract = "A cationic cyanine dye, 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine (PIC), was successfully intercalated into Na2Ti3O7 by a guest-exchange method using a propylamine/Ti3O7 intercalation compound as the intermediate. Based on the XRD and chemical analytical results, it was presumed that PIC was densely packed in the interlayer space with the short axis of its quinoline-ring almost perpendicular to the host layer. Spectroscopic results revealed that the PIC formed J-aggregates even in the restricted space between the titanate layers.",
author = "Nobuyoshi Miyamoto and Kazuyuki Kuroda and Makoto Ogawa",
journal = "Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals",
note = "10th International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds (ISIC 10) ; Conference date: 30-05-1999 Through 03-06-1999",
T1 - Aggregation of a cationic cyanine dye intercalated in the interlayer space of a layered titanate Na2Ti3O7
AU - Miyamoto, Nobuyoshi
AU - Kuroda, Kazuyuki
AU - Ogawa, Makoto
N2 - A cationic cyanine dye, 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine (PIC), was successfully intercalated into Na2Ti3O7 by a guest-exchange method using a propylamine/Ti3O7 intercalation compound as the intermediate. Based on the XRD and chemical analytical results, it was presumed that PIC was densely packed in the interlayer space with the short axis of its quinoline-ring almost perpendicular to the host layer. Spectroscopic results revealed that the PIC formed J-aggregates even in the restricted space between the titanate layers.
AB - A cationic cyanine dye, 1,1′-diethyl-2,2′-cyanine (PIC), was successfully intercalated into Na2Ti3O7 by a guest-exchange method using a propylamine/Ti3O7 intercalation compound as the intermediate. Based on the XRD and chemical analytical results, it was presumed that PIC was densely packed in the interlayer space with the short axis of its quinoline-ring almost perpendicular to the host layer. Spectroscopic results revealed that the PIC formed J-aggregates even in the restricted space between the titanate layers.
JO - Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals
JF - Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals
T2 - 10th International Symposium on Intercalation Compounds (ISIC 10)
Y2 - 30 May 1999 through 3 June 1999


text:
Read transcript of Ep 1: Ahimsa
Alternatively, follow this link to hear the episode & read the show notes. Transcription by Amy Carpenter.
[Indian music, broadcast over small tinny speakers]
Ian McDonald:
We're travelling in the ancient kingdom of Magadha in Northern India, in the plain of the Ganges.
I've come here looking for the roots of today's vegetarian and vegan movements. As a long-time vegan, I want to know how we've got here. In this series we'll discover how the ideas around vegetarianism have changed and spread up until the present.
Those ideas emerge almost simultaneously in the middle of the first millennium BCE, both here in the Magadha Kingdom and in the Greek world. This series begins with three episodes centred on three pivotal teachers.
We'll get to the third of them, Pythagoras, later. He is gathering followers to his meatless musical mathematical cult, around the Mediterranean shores.
[trains rumble in the background; people chatter in the background; Indian music]
The first two are leaders amongst the sramanas, the vagabond monks travelling around Magadha and exchanging manifold philosophies. They renounce home, possessions and the old-time vedic religion.
The two men know about each other; they teach in the same town; their orders will become major religions. And the man we know as the Buddha is only the second of them.
Farming is spreading through the fertile river plain; urban centres are developing; and with them, revolutionary ideas about our relationship with animals. Especially, in the Magadha capital.
[in the background, a bird breaks into song]
Ian [in Rajgir]:
The sramanic movements: Jains, Buddhists and others now forgotten are challenging the existing vedic tradition of animal sacrifice and championing ahimsa – the avoidance of harm.
One of those travelling sramanas, Mahavir, would stop and preach here, beneath the craggy Rajgir hills – a spot his modern followers mark with a temple and hospital complex.
Sadhvi Yasajhe Maharaj [speaks always in Hindi, with English translation dubbed over]:
Of Jainism, of ahimsa, and of vegetarianism, speaks Mahavir.
Sadhvi Yasajhe Maharaj is a sramana too.
A Jain nun, she'd been reading in her low circular white prayer hall when I was introduced. She'd come outside to sit and – with some help from an English speaking staff member – talk.
Yasajhe:
This area here was a great park, people used to come and stay for the four-month rainy season, to use those four months for the spiritual life.
[birdsong]
Amongst the trees and birds, it's still possible to imagine the people of Magadha sheltering from rain and listening to Mahavir.
This episode, I'll ask experts and followers about his ideas, where they might have come from, and what they inspired.
[theme starts – music with sound of gongs]
Vegetarianism, the Story so Far with me, Ian McDonald. Episode One: Ahimsa.
[theme ends]
I want to start at the very beginning. Archaeology suggests humans first gathered, then also scavenged, then also hunted for at least two million years before the philosophers of India and Greece.
James Serpell:
We look at the way a cat kills a mouse. They evidently don't show any anxiety or ambivalence about it, it's just something they do. But humans appear to be different.
[as narrator] James Serpell thinks animal ethics begin to stir deep in prehistory.
Serpell:
I am professor of animal welfare at the University of Pennsylvania, in Philadelphia.
[to Serpell] What do the hunter gatherer cultures that have survived in the present day show us about ancient attitudes towards other animals?
The way they view it is very much analogous to the way they view killing another human being: a morally hazardous thing to do, with repercussions.
Could you give me a typical example of hunter gatherer guilt?
Some of the Inuit tribes, they are actively apologising to whatever they kill, and expressing all kinds of thanks and gratitude to the animal, and how they would never have done it if it wasn't an absolute necessity, that they were starving, children were starving and they had to do this.
Among the Amazon indians it's the same. If you look the Kung San bushmen in South Africa it's the same. If you look at the aborigines it's the same. What could be more expressive as it were of that level of guilt, the level of anxiety and ambivalence, than to have the hunter emptying his heart out to the slain animal and apologising, and making all these explanations for what either the thing had to be done.
[as narrator] Some anthropologists are sceptical about whether these surviving hunter gatherers can speak for the cultures who settled into farming, but they remain our only clue.
[to Serpell] We have the spread of agriculture. How does that change our relationship?
Well it changes it very dramatically. The humans are placed in this position of responsibility over the animals. It made the whole thing become hierarchical. You see, religions after that period become hierarchical. So the Gods are above men, men are above the animals, and animals are above the plants, and you get this hierarchical world view.
They performed many sacrifices. Thousands of animals were burned alive.
That vedic religion is already a millennium old when Mahavir preaches. But modern Hindus still share its priestly caste – the Brahmins – and its most sacred verses – the Vedas. Those yaghnas show us how the vedic culture saw animals. But they're very controversial in modern India.
Let me tell you about one cold Saturday in Delhi when I met two professors who had quite different views.
When historian Dwijendra Narayan Jha wrote in his book "Myth of the Holy Cow" that vedic religion slaughtered cows in sacrifices, it was burnt by some Hindu nationalists – who not just venerate cows, but believe India was always thus, and consider claims to the contrary blasphemous.
[noise of suburban Delhi]
His flat is in suburban Delhi, a short auto-rickshaw ride from the metro station. The crowds and stalls give way to tree-lined roads, blocks of flats, and the noise of neighbourhood life. We talked in his study.
Prof Dwijendra Narayan Jha:
In the vedic texts, there's lot of discussion about killing of animals. Particularly, in the context of the rituals. And there is one particular sacrifice, the horse sacrifice, in that about 600 and odd animals were killed.
[as narrator] The oldest of those oral texts, the Rg Veda, has a hymn for that sacrifice. Secular historians translate its Sanskrit as:
Vedic Brahmin [reading]:
Those who examine the horse when ready and say: "It smells good! Remove it"
And those who draw close, craving a share of the flesh of the steed –
Let their applause cheer us on.
I took the Delhi metro north until the elevated Line Two peters out into giant pillars and construction crews. Then a crowded bus along the Great Trunk Road.
[sound of disembarking the bus, Indian voices]
Which dropped me by some redbrick Jain temples
[vehicle horns]
And an Indology Institute.
Prof GC Tripathi:
In fact nobody is Jaina in our Jaina Institute. Except one.
[as narrator] I talked with GC Tripathi by one of the smaller temples. Jain scholars suggested him, and he's a source for DN Jha's book. But he doesn't agree with it.
Tripathi:
I work on vedas.
[to Tripathi] You work on the vedas.
Even in the Rg Veda we don't find any mention of animal sacrifice. The animal sacrifice in India, they make their appearance during the later vedic period.
[as narrator] That's the 8th and 9th centuries BCE, still well before Mahavir. But I asked him about older verses, like the one you just heard, that DN Jha says show Brahmins sacrificing animals much earlier.
They don't understand, doesn't know Sanskrit, how can he write anything authoritative on it?
[to Tripathi] Well that's why I'd like to ask you, because…
I know all my texts, almost by heart.
Because you're a Brahmin and you're part of the…
I know Sanskrit, Sanskrit has been in my family for the last I don't know how many hundred years. I started my studies in Sanskrit 5 years or 6 years old.
[as narrator] Tripathi is part of a living tradition that's as old as the Rg Veda itself. Magadha doesn't yet have writing; only the Brahmins offer the actual words of ancestors. Oxford University Indologist Richard Gombrich.
Prof Richard Gombrich:
If you were the son of a Brahmin you had to go through a whole series of very particular rituals. And you were supposed to spend your first few years – sometimes not even very few, sometimes until you were well into adulthood – memorising the Brahmin texts. First came the texts and after that understanding what they meant.
I met other Sanskrit scholars who completely rejected suggestions of vedic sacrifice. Secular and religious historians often disagree, and I wanted to let you see this one up close.
But I found no convincing alternative to the interpretations of historians like DN Jha. They believe the ancient Brahmins sacrificed animals – if not burning alive. And that their verses recall a distant past of nomadic herding, before slow centuries of spreading eastwards down the Ganges.
We'll catch up with this controversy when the story reaches modern India.
So what do these rituals say about how vedic religion sees other animals? James Serpell.
When you get to these more hierarchical agricultural and pastoral systems, they've looked after these animals from birth, and yet at end of day they're going to betray that trust, they're going to kill those animals.
In the Rg Veda, the hymn of the horse sacrifice ends.
Truly, here thou diest not, thou art not harmed: by easy paths unto the Gods thou goes.
James Serpell finds this sentiment typical.
We look at how people deal with animal death and time and time again we see all these interesting explanations for why something which is actually bad is not in fact bad: it represents something else or it's symbolic or it's because we're sending the spirit of the animal to its homeland. All this stuff.
Some 20th century scholars speculated that the idea of actual non-violence developed out of that ritual denial of harm, perhaps in stages via the purifying temporary vegetarianism of a Brahmin priest before a sacrifice.
We'll never know how much the Brahmins and sramanas borrowed ideas from each other.
But we do know that by the time of Mahavir, some Brahmins are passing down philosophical works, called Upanishads, that respect their rituals but also include some ideas they share with the sramanas.
The people who were there who renounced the world, they lived on the fruits of the forests or they begged their food in the city.
Jha:
In Upanishads there is emphasis on ascetic life, and therefore there is also emphasis on non-killing of animals. And this ties up with more or less contemporary Buddhist movement and Jain movement.
[to Jha] So this is a Sanskrit text. It's part of the Brahmanic tradition. And the idea of ahimsa, the seeds of vegetarianism, are already there.
Yes, already there.
[as narrator] What exactly is this word that English renders "ahimsa"? Richard Gombrich.
Gombrich:
Ahimsa [pronouncing it as "ahinsa"] is grammatically from "han", to kill, or sometimes just to strike. But "hinsa" means "desire or wish to kill". And "A" is the negative. So "Ahimsa" means "lack of wish to kill". Ultimately it is a psychological term.
And the literal meaning of sramana reminds us what unites these itinerant begging mendicants. Yasajhe.
"Sramana" means one who meditates, works hard, labours. His aims and goals he achieves with his own hard work.
[to Yasajhe] Do Sramanas believe you can achieve enlightenment or whatever the goal is, through your own efforts?
Yasajhe's interpreter:
No different at all.
Gombrech:
You can only be born a Brahmin. But anybody who has left the household life and decided not to take part either in production or reproduction: there is a sramana.
Peter Flügel:
I am Peter Flügel, chair of Jaina studies at SOAS.
[as narrator] School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London.
Flügel:
I mean, with the Upanishads and all these other ascetics, there is a big distinction between forest ascetics and these mendicant orders, the sramanas. Forest monks, they live there with their families. Jain and Buddhist monk and nuns, they have to beg for their food. That means they live in the midst of the urban population. They reflect a completely new society.
[as narrator] In the kingdom of Magadha, Mahavir addresses a crowd that have probably heard many other sramanic groups; creeds now long forgotten. We do know that the sramanas are arguing over not just ahimsa but concepts like fate, karma, rebirth, and liberation.
Rajgir is the capital of a kingdom, the heart of a region, that is an incubator of religious movements.
In those days, there were half a dozen so-called learned people. Buddha, Ajit Kesh Kambal, Prabhu Dikatyan, Goshalak and Mahavir. But when it came to understanding the truth, most of them didn't do very well. There were half a dozen of them, but their theories were not sound. Except Buddha, who was very close to Mahavir – with only slight philosophical differences.
The earliest one of which we know a huge amount with good early evidence is Buddhism. But there is very very good reason to believe that Jainism is somewhat older than Buddhism.
Dr Priyadarshana Jain:
The first thing is that Jainism is a pre-vedic and a pre-historic religion.
[as narrator] Dr Priyadarshana Jain leads the department of Jainology in the University of Madras. It's a Victorian university by the Bay of Bengal. The theology departments are in a building storeyed around a courtyard to let the sea air circulate. I came to her room, next to the departmental office milling with her students, to ask questions about what Jains believe.
Jain:
Our lord Mahavira was not the founder of Jainism, he was only the 24th teacher of Jainism.
The Jains themselves would say it's thousands of years older than Buddhism. You needn't accept that because there's no good evidence at all. But certainly it's a few generations older than Buddhism. The person who might be historical is the one before Mahavira: Parshwa.
[to Yasajhe] How radical was vegetarianism at the time?
Vegetarianism was very small. Most people weren't vegetarian. Outside of Maghad – Bihar state – there were more non-vegetarians. Parshwa's impact was here.
What set Mahavir's message apart? What was specific to him? What would he hear if we were sheltering here in the rainy season?
Some used to say there is no God. And some used to say, he is in the ocean. Or in the mountain. Or, there is only one supreme soul. Mahavir said that every soul can be supreme. Every soul can reach the pinnacle of purity. His preaching of non-violence is based solely on this. In every living being he saw the same spirit that he had. He saw the greatness in every ordinary being.
Peter Flügel.
Mahavir as a historical person is difficult to figure out because the texts are late and obviously constructions made for a particular purpose.
[as narrator] For example texts put Mahavir in the 6th century BCE. Historians more often the 5th.
To them, Mahavir was the son of a king, tribal leader who realised the futility of wealthy existence, left his family and wandered about as a mendicant.
From the Acaranga text.
Ācāranga sūtra [reading]:
In these places was the wise Sramana: for thirteen long years he meditated day and night, exerting himself, undisturbed, strenuously.
He didn't join a mendicant group, but he self-initiated by removing his hair and changing his dress. And after a few years he walked naked because the rag he wore was falling off and he didn't replace it.
They say he endured scorn.
He was struck with a stick, the fist, a lance, hit with a fruit, a clod, a pot shard. When he once sat without moving his body they cut his flesh, tore his hair under pains, or covered him with dust. Abandoning the care of his body, the venerable one humbled himself and bore pain, free from desire.
…until he reached enlightenment. And from that point onward he began to teach what he has learned. I.e. that the path for the liberation of the soul from the fetters of the karmically produced body.
They just renounced the world.
[to Yasajhe] And renouncing the world means becoming a monk or a nun.
[as narrator] They join Mahavir's monastic order in the hope of also becoming a liberated conqueror of their desires.
He leaves the road to birth and death, rejoicing in the glorious liberation.
Over on the other side of the Persian empire, there are Greeks too who are vegetarian because they believe in reincarnation; we'll meet them later. Richard Gombrich told me how the idea of rebirth emerges in vedic religion; not initially as something that happens for everybody.
According to the last book of the Rg Veda, there is a cycle of rebirth for human males. It isn't really properly ethicised at all. It doesn't say if he was a good honest man this happens, and if he was a thief, that happens, no. Whereas in Buddhism and Jainism, you can go up or you can go down et cetera according to your ethics in life.
And the mechanism for that is Karma.
Combination of reincarnation and karma that is specifically Indian, and the Jains of course are masters of the karma theory.
[to Flügel] The Jains have a really specific visual concept of karma.
Yes, karma is perceived as a form of matter which sticks to your body, and becomes the seed for a new action of the same quality. So if one doesn't act violently, one can step-by-step withdraw from this predicament, and ultimately after many many rebirths, leave this terrible cycle of re-death.
Jainism is a non-violent way of living, and it doesn't believe in a creator God and it rejects the authority of the vedas.
[to Jain] Mahavir preached vegetarianism.
Mahavira preached non-violence. We don't have the word 'vegetarian' in any Jain scripture.
We have ahimsa – we have "live and let live". We have mutual interdependence [gives the term in Sanskrit].
[as narrator] The word "vegetarian" is a 19th century invention.
We'll encounter many different ideas around the ethic of not eating animals, not all of which translate perfectly to the modern concept of a complete and permanent principled abstention from eating flesh. The roots of vegetarianism singular, lie in many different vegetarianisms plural.
Those early Jain texts are indeed overwhelmingly strongly – for want of a better word – vegetarian. A couple of ostensible exceptions in special cases suggest to historians like DN Jha that progress towards strict vegetarianism might still have been going on at the time of Mahavir. Peter Flugel.
In the texts there is mention of Mahavira eating meat that was prepared for him of a dead cock, roadkill as it were, for him to regain his health.
The Vyakhyaprajñapti seems to say he asked…
Vyakhyaprajñapti [reading]:
to send the cock killed by the cat, instead of the two pigeons she was preparing for him.
He doesn't kill it. And according to Buddhism indeed, he's absolutely innocent. But the Jains don't like that. Therefore they say that this word which clearly refers to a chicken, actually refers to a kind of plant.
A word may have many many meanings, many many interpretations. Okay, so this interpretation is done by the rival religions who want to defame Jainism.
[to Jain] The word is…
The Mahavira never never never ate any kind of meat.
So it's not chicken…
It is not chicken, it is, ah, it's, ah, some thing related with a crow or an ani… a bird.
[as narrator] So one medieval translation goes:
…to send the citron pulp seasoned with viralika herb instead of the two gourds …
[to Flügel] This is what medieval Jains onwards tend to say, denying the literal meaning.
Well, we don't know the literal meaning, these are dead languages, we should not forget this. No one knows exactly what these words meant when they were written down. And it doesn't seem to make any sense within the context of Jain teachings to have Mahavira of all people eating meat or permitting meat to be prepared for him. Basically, I am with the Jains on this point.
This, from the Acaranga, is characteristic.
The Enlightened and Worshipped of the past, present, and future, speak thus, declare thus, proclaim thus: all breathing, existing, living, sentient creatures should not be slain, nor treated with violence, nor abused, nor tormented, nor driven away…
We're glimpsing the emergence of Jainism through the fog of centuries of oral transmission. For Jains, enlightened teachers have been revealing eternal truth since pre-history. And these few lines are deeply controversial.
But this series is about people making the case, generation by generation.
So what is Jain vegetarianism? Jains apply ahimsa to a world they see as alive with beings to be protected from suffering.
If you take a stone, and regard a stone as a living being, this is not unusual. In many tribes across the planet you find animist beliefs.
[to Flügel] So if you behave very badly, you can be reincarnated as a rock?
Definitely. A stone, like any living being, from Jain perspective, is composed of a soul and a body, and a stone is just another type of body.
[as narrator] Jains rank beings by how many senses they have.
The meat, the animals, the fish, and the eggs are all products of the five-sensed beings. Whereas the plants and vegetables are all one-sensed.
[as narrator] And insects are in between with two or three senses.
Taking it through to a logical conclusion, early Jains look at plants with more potential for life like root vegetables that can sprout indefinitely, conclude they must contain infinite lives, and so…
Prepare the food that is without the underground roots and stems. And…
[as narrator] Although not all modern Jains have a literal belief in one-sensed beings of earth, wind, fire and water, the intention to tread lightly upon the earth remains.
So the minimum you take from the environment, the less will be your karmic load. And the more you exploit and take from the environment, the greater will be the karmic load as well as the carbon footprint that we leave in the environment.
[as narrator] Consider the challenge of ahimsa if you contemplate a world alive with invisible single sensed beings.
So the practical consequence is that ultimately you should not act at all. And that makes life rather complicated, to say the least.
[as narrator] The logical conclusion for Jains, the lightest way to tread, can be to stop treading.
It is clear in the Jain scriptures that if you want to reach liberation at the last moment of your last existence you should stop acting at all.
Nobody wants to die but that is inevitable. And when you die you should die like a hero, not being fearful or being desirous. And this kind of holy death can enable you to terminate your cycle of rebirths.
[to Jain] By simply refusing food until you waste way?
Yeah. It is not just simply refusing food. Refusing food and doing what? To be observed spiritually.
[as narrator] This practice is rare but not unknown today, when Jains face death.
Mahavir's sermons didn't just affect the monks and nuns who abandoned their homes for him. They spread their doctrines amongst laypeople like Priyadarshana.
At the very beginning, there must have been just a small group of mendicants who were interacting with householders.
The monks and nuns depend on the lay men and women for their basic needs like food, water and clothing.
The Jain community, i.e. a group of lay followers developed only slowly.
It is not just ascetics who are following vegetarianism, it is a lay men and women also who follow vegetarianism. It is not merely an ethical obligation, it is a religious discipline, and a spiritual discipline in itself.
Jains will spread far beyond the Kingdom of Magadha, and have an influence beyond their numbers that means we'll come back to them again and again.
One of those craggy Rajgir hills, called Vulture's Peak, is a place of pilgrimage for followers of our second sramana.
Mahavir came before Buddha. He was older than Buddha. Mahavir attained enlightenment before Buddha. After Mahavir, Buddha lived on after Mahavir's nirvana. Buddhists even have the story of how, after his death, news was given immediately to the Buddha.
Next episode, we turn to the philosophy that will carry the idea of a fleshless diet throughout Asia, to Prince Gautama…
[theme starts: music with sound of gongs]
…to Buddhism.
With the voices of Sandeep Garcha, Chetan Pathak, and Selva Rasalingam; the music of Robb Masters. I'd like to thank Dr Smita Bagricha for interpreting, and Shitansu Tyagi and Ranjan Joshi for translation.
Full credits and more information at the Vegan Option dot org.
END OF EPISODE 1.
This transcript was posted October 13 2017, but dated so that it appears after the show itself in listings. Many thanks to Amy Carpenter.
Tags: history, India, vegetarianism, veghist, transcript
#VegHist
Vegetarianism: The Story So Far

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Sports betting is Michael's biggest hobby. The student gambled on banned sports betting platform providers and won three-digit amounts on the internet each month. "For me, sports betting is a hobby like a stamp collecting", says Michael from Berlin. The 24-year computer science student does not want to give his full name. He started to bet with the German state-owned sportsbook provider Oddset. At the 14 years old, he filled his first betting ticket and no one from the betting agency office asked for his identity card to prove he is elder than 18.
Before the sports betting scandal of referee Robert Hoyzer, who was manipulating Bettler's sports events, he considered Sports betting as a harmless pleasure. In the football club betting, bet tickets were a topic of conversation among the youth of players as Michael used to be. Later, the student discovered the bookmakers on the Internet where the odds are higher, the maximum stake allowed are bigger and the time for placing bets are instant. On the Internet, gamblers could also bet during the game on the next goal or the total number of corners. Now he could bet more often, almost every day he places bets worth of few hundreds of euros.
The biggest internet sportsbooks have more than 10,000 bets available at any time in a scheduled day from football, tennis, basketball, ice hockey, volleyball, basically from all worldwide sports. The internet era offers bettors who want to place bets almost an infinite option varieties so anyone who wants can bet on the Greek water polo league, the Russian ice hockey, the English football premier league or on the Oscar winner for the best film, the next scorer, the next red card etc. Michael laughs at such absurd bets, he only bets on basketball and football, only on European and South American leagues. From the breakfast time, he searches for lineups, coach changes, and players injuries through the internet. My advantage over the bookmakers is that I specifically inform myself in one direction." If two defensive teams meet in the Norwegian league, Michael insists that less than two goals will be scored in the match. That's the whole trick.
The German young bettor is searching for the exotic and lower leagues. He knows that in the Bosnian football league are scored on average less than two goals. When Skonto Riga already celebrated the championship after 25 matches in the Latvian soccer league, Michael placed the bet in the next game on the opponent team. After 90 minutes, the student had almost doubled his 70 Euro stake bet.
His record is not just with victories. In the South American Copa Libertadores, Michael bet 850 euros in the round of 16 between the Argentina representative River Plate Buenos Aires vs. Defensor Sporting from Uruguay. When his roommate went to the student party, Michael sat in front of the computer and watched the game via live stream on the Internet. But the outsider won by a counter-goal scored by Diego de Souza completely surprising. The student has lost all his stake.
Friends have little sympathy for his passion but Michael does not care: "Others spend thousands of euros on collecting matchbox cars or on collecting stamps, and hobbies are not always rational" he says.
According to the German federal center for health and education, people who are involved in sports betting and place bets are particularly in danger of addiction. Unlike the casino here is the feeling not only to be dependent on chance but also to have an advantage through knowledge. As with all addictions, positive experiences lead to feelings of happiness. The player wants to experience the feeling of success faster and more often and increases the risk. "Almost all internet gamblers record their stakes and winnings and pay close attention," says the student better. Losses should by no means be offset by riskier missions. He has entered all his 5000+ bets in his Excel spreadsheet, scrupulously recording stakes, odds and wins or losses. The past three years he was in his overall balance in the profit. He earns in average about 600 Euro bet profit each month.
With the profits, he allows himself the small luxury, for the normal students would have no money: a pay-TV subscription, a large TV and the latest mobile phone. He sees his smartphone as an investment – so that he stays on the road constantly on the road of world football sports betting.
In Germany, the state treaty on gambling force, since 1 January 2008, the sixteen federal states regulate the conditions for gambling. It regulates advertising, youth and game protection as well as the execution of games of chance in Germany. In the current version, games of chance, including bets, are prohibited on the internet. Following the lawsuit filed by private providers against the state of Baden-Württemberg, the European Court of Justice ruled on 8 September 2010 in favor of private gambling providers. The judges expressly criticized the contradiction between the stated goal of protection of players and the protection of minors and the comprehensive publicity for the state offer. Licenses for gambling in EU countries are therefore valid in Germany as well. At a special conference of the prime ministers in Berlin, a new gambling state treaty is to be decided. Surveys of the bookmakers, lotteries, associations and a first draft of the Schleswig-Holstein state government point to a loosening of the state monopoly on sports betting.
The major internet sportsbook are mostly registered in Gibraltar, the Cayman Islands or Curaçao, and thus pay no taxes to the federal republic. The providers in the context of the reorganization of the state treaty on gaming revealed that many providers are interested in a state license for their offer despite the tax costs. They expect more revenue through better advertising opportunities.


I'm digging the mod dress in the first picture and the ruffle T-strap. I'm not a bit fan of pink but those have great shapes.
Sooo lovely! I actually was at the mall this weekend and saw that Banana Republic dress with the pintuck shoulders and was caught drooling...it's so fantastic!


If you've got an AMV to share then post it here.
I have way too many I consider my favorites to post on here, so I'll just go with my favorites that are of a few series, since most of them are from multiple series.
I love that one! But man, if I ever watch an English dubbed episode of Ouran and find out the actors doing the voices of those two don't sound anything like the two singers...I'm going to be bummed out.
Most of mine are video game fan videos, but still they're very well done.
This one has popped up again: Suzumiya Haruhi no Yuutsu - Avril Lavigne's "Girlfriend". I'm always amazed by the editing job on this one. Someone out there has some very nice tools. I showed it to a friend and his impression is it could've been a skunk-works project done by pros.
Wish I could make vids like these but all I've got to work with is Windows Movie Maker.
Princess Tutu: Kid-tested, mother-approved. And Daddy like too. Mmm, Rue.
I was going to start another thread titled "Other People's Songs with Other People's Animation" but then I found this old thread. Time to recycle!
My favorites from Otakon 2010!
Corsair - "Magic Oven Mittens" - K-ON!
Yeah, good luck getting that last one out of your head!
Hey Emerje thanks for those vids, I scored 4 of them that I really liked. Been a long while since I found anything I enjoyed in AMVs.
I'll try and get some of mine for the thread when I can get them sorted out.
Ok..this is not technically anime but it's too cool not to share. Here's Mariah Carey's song Obsessed...but with the 3 girls from Dead or Alive and Final Fantasy.
And btw ya damn right OMG won for best romance AMV. Woohoo heh. Kicking it old school. And yes...that last one will not get out of my head lol. Was awesome seeing D in there though lol.
Bakemonogatari - This one I have my doubts on as I haven't watched the whole series.
Yeah, I've seen that one before, it's quite amazing. I wish I could make videos that looked that good, but I have to settle for stringing clips together since the software is ridiculously out of budget (to the tune of $800 for Premiere and $1,000 for After Effects).


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Pańćakośa ("pięć osłon, pięć powłok") – pięć ciał lub naczyń, w które spowita jest purusza w naukach wedanty i jogi. Doktryna pięciu osłon duszy po raz pierwszy zawarta została w Taittirijopaniszad (2.7). Piątkę powłok wspomina też Adi Śankara w hymnie Sześć strof o nirwanie

Kolejno pięć powłok to:
 annamajakośa – zbudowana z pożywienia (ciało fizyczne)
 pranamajakośa – zbudowana z prany
 manomajakośa – zbudowana z umysłu (manas) lub myśli
 widźńanamajakośa – zbudowana ze świadomości
 anandamajakośa – zbudowana z anandy (błogości)

Zobacz też
 pięć skupisk
 ciało astralne
 pańćatanmatrikośa

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Subtelne ciała i powłoki duszy w hinduizmie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Bågnäbbad tinamo (Nothoprocta curvirostris) är en fågel i familjen tinamoer inom ordningen tinamofåglar.

Utbredning och systematik
Bågnäbbad tinamo delas in i två underarter:
 Nothoprocta curvirostris curvirostris – förekommer i Anderna från centrala Ecuador till norra Peru (Cordillera del Condor)
 Nothoprocta curvirostris peruviana – förekommer i Anderna i norra och centrala Peru (söderut till Huánuco)

Status
IUCN kategoriserar arten som livskraftig.

Noter

Externa länkar

Tinamofåglar
Fåglar i neotropiska regionen


How do 6 become 180?
Talking with my friends last night, they brought up the idea that if 9% of a group are completely committed to something, they would be able to sway the rest of the 91% who are only moderately committed to their own ideas.
Last summer I started a discipleship program called Immerse. It was, and continues to be a God-thing. Somehow we ended up focusing this program on all the right things and avoiding a lot of the pitfalls that many other discipleship programs have fallen into. I credit this to the One who leads us, because I'm just not that smart. Plus, a lot of the things that we decided to do happened without a lot of forethought. God's favor is evident.
The primary thing that I think every discipleship "program" should do is scrap the "program" and replace it with "relationship." Although the term is helpful in describing the movement, programs don't disciple people. Bible studies don't disciple people. People disciple people. Jesus didn't come to manage programs, He came to change people because He knew that changed people would change everything else. Maybe I should change the name of Immerse to "Immerse Discipleship Movement." I like that! Maybe that will happen soon… depending mostly on the brochures that are already printed!
If 9% of my church became a part of this type of disciple-making that I have been working for, we could direct the church, as a whole, toward relationship-based discipleship. 9% is 180 people. What if 180 people were being directly discipled by a spiritual father or mother? Soon everyone who joins our mega-church could be connected with someone who would be able to give them a significant amount of their attention and help them on their spiritual journey.
We started with six. I discipled three, my co-leader discipled three. Out of those six, four started discipling their own. Six more joined and began being discipled. One dropped out. Three new leaders heard about what we were doing and joined us. Two new groups were launched. Two of the new disciples are going to start discipling their own, come February. Two more dynamic leaders heard about what we are doing and is joining us. We have yet to know how many we will be discipling this spring. This has all happened in six months.
Mean-while, I am still discipling two of the original three. I don't have to do everything. I trust them. I trust the other leaders. I trust those who they are discipling and I will trust those who get discipled by them. More importantly, I trust the God that is at work in them. From day one, my primary goal is to teach them that God is capable of leading them and that He speaks. He is a better leader than they are followers and He can be trusted. We practice listening to the voice of Father through Holy Spirit and allow Him to be the first one to contribute to our conversations about scripture.
If someone comes into our "program" and learns only one thing, I want it to be that God speaks to them and He is SO good at speaking that He can communicate even if they're really bad at listening. If they could learn another thing, it would be that they aren't alone. They are part of the family and they have someone they can go to.
If there is one last thing that I would have for the people being discipled, it is that they go through Prayer Resolution so that they can be as healthy as possible. Every seed reproduces its own health or disease in the fruit it eventually bares. Not everyone makes time for this sort of thing, but I always recommend it.
If you are wondering if something like this can happen at your church. It can. You are the church. Let's talk.
Wow Nate! I couldn't agree more, it's about relationship not program. Even words like "movement" shift our focus away from relationship to something bigger than 1:1 relationship though. I also agree we are all seeds, we reproduce ourselves, so we need to put off the old self before we reproduce, so PR is the beginning of discipleship.
Absolutely Dad. I am struggling with how to get PR more into this process. On one hand, we have a waiting list of people who have been waiting for so long to go through PR and on the other hand I have those that I am discipling and those that they are discipling. At this point, the best I can do is leave a night open for any of our leaders to do a one-time session of PR whenever they can while still plugging away at the list. There is a lot that can be done without the entire PR process, primarily that they learn how to hear from their Father themselves. Until they are able to go through PR, this is the best thing I can do for them. Such a difficult balancing act.


As you can see, I cannot walk through the NE 2x door despite it being open.
Hm. The logs don't seem to be contemporaneous with this bug, so I'm not gleaning much from them.
Did you happen to drop a snare trap on this space before this happened, by any chance?
I have others, do you need later or sooner? There was no traps there, Sabrina never took the stairs, I noticed it the very first time I opened that door.
Yeah, I just need a log generated at the moment this bug occurred. Did you try closing and then re-opening the door?
A few times. Here's the other logs from that day; It seems the timestamps are way off, since the problem occurred around 7pm my computer (eastern) time and I don't think I was playing at 6am.
Aha, I figured it out! That space's elevation is set incorrectly; I have no idea how I missed that one. It's now fixed for the next update.


Furnished model in the Canyons at Scenic Loop built by McNair Custom Homes is sure to be on your list of favorites with a first floor gameroom, study, loft, and media room. Island kitchen with stainless steel appliances. The master bedroom has its own private covered patio and dual walk-in closets. Secondary bedroom downstairs with full bath. Large utility room with room for an extra refrigerator/freezer. Three car garage with extra storage space. Outdoor kitchen.
Loop 1604 to Babcock Road outside Loop. R onto Scenic Loop Road. L onto Autumn Canyon (entrance to neighborhood). L onto Carina Canyon. R onto Ivory Canyon. L onto Edens Canyon. R onto Nina Ridge. House is on right. See attached CRS map for guidance.
I am interested in 10211 Nina Ridge, San Antonio, TX 78255.


text:
Q: Error after upgrading 0.59 to 0.69 about an unexpected token After upgrading and making a lot of changes, I was able to get my app running again in Android emulator. Now I am testing on an actual device, and I see the error below. Once again, it works fine on the emulator. Any ideas? The only thing I can say is that I noticed my "jni" folder was not the same file size after the upgrade, so I created a brand new 0.69 RN project and copied (overwrote) the JNI from the old app to the new one.
On the phone  it shows a small red dialogue that says "unexpected token ':' Expected an opening '{' at the start of a function body.
2022-10-26 09:55:33.855 21657-15784/com.myapp E/unknown:ReactNative: Exception in native call from JS
    com.facebook.react.devsupport.JSException: Unexpected token ':'. Expected an opening '{' at the start of a function body.
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.NativeRunnable.run(Native Method)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadHandler.dispatchMessage(MessageQueueThreadHandler.java:27)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:237)
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadImpl$4.run(MessageQueueThreadImpl.java:228)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:919)
     Caused by: com.facebook.jni.CppException: Unexpected token ':'. Expected an opening '{' at the start of a function body.

    no stack
        ... 7 more
2022-10-26 09:55:33.855 21657-15784/com.myapp E/ReactNativeJNI: Attempting to call JS function on a bad application bundle: HMRClient.setup()
2022-10-26 09:55:33.857 21657-15784/com.myapp E/unknown:ReactNative: Exception in native call
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Attempting to call JS function on a bad application bundle: HMRClient.setup()
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.NativeRunnable.run(Native Method)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadHandler.dispatchMessage(MessageQueueThreadHandler.java:27)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:237)
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadImpl$4.run(MessageQueueThreadImpl.java:228)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:919)
2022-10-26 09:55:33.857 21657-15784/com.myapp E/ReactNativeJNI: Attempting to call JS function on a bad application bundle: AppRegistry.runApplication()
2022-10-26 09:55:33.859 21657-15784/com.myapp E/unknown:ReactNative: Exception in native call
    java.lang.RuntimeException: Attempting to call JS function on a bad application bundle: AppRegistry.runApplication()
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.NativeRunnable.run(Native Method)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:883)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:100)
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadHandler.dispatchMessage(MessageQueueThreadHandler.java:27)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:237)
        at com.facebook.react.bridge.queue.MessageQueueThreadImpl$4.run(MessageQueueThreadImpl.java:228)
        at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:919)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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text:
VIA BASIC BOOKS
In Terms of Animal Welfare, Hunting is More Humane Than Farming
On the "Fair Chase" vs. the Factory Farm
By Philip Dray
The American sport hunter by the late 19th century honored the code of fair chase, killing animals only under conditions in which they had a chance to flee, a sensibility that helped transform hunting's spokesmen into leaders of the early conservation movement.
However, many outside the hunting community have become less patient with even the most ethical forms of fair chase hunting and decry it as grossly unfair: the hide of the swiftest fleeing animal, after all, is ultimately defenseless against a bullet fired from a high-powered gun. Killing animals under any circumstances is unjust, animal rights advocates argue, because animals possess a moral right to their life just as we do to ours. But special contempt is reserved for those who kill for sport or recreation, and has been since at least 55 BC, when the audience in a Roman arena protested the slaughter of 18 elephants in a staged "hunt." Cicero, who was present, was led to ponder, "What pleasure can a cultured man get in seeing . . . a noble beast run through by a hunting spear? . . . The whole affair was attended by a sort of pity, and a feeling that these huge animals have something in common with humankind."
Human attitudes toward animals are being transformed today by what scholar Kimberly Smith has termed a "the process of ethical extension." From family to tribe, from neighborhood to nation, man grows in his discernment of his impact on, and his connectedness to, the greater world. In theory at least, the lives of all human beings have become inviolable. But can such moral perception and grace be extended to non-human creatures as well? This recognition would supersede the humanitarian approach to modern animal welfare pioneered by Henry Bergh and his fellow 19th-century reformers, and surpass the more modern well-meant demand that animals raised and kept for slaughter be allowed a "cage-free" or even "free-range" life. It is, rather, a leap of ethical consciousness to the understanding that man no longer be considered the center of the biological universe, and that far greater humility need characterize his dealings with nonhuman beings.
Of course, while human consideration of animals' role in the world has become more enlightened, no one believes we'll arrive anytime soon at an enchanted age for animals. What can be said is that increasingly the distinct otherness of the "brute creation" seems more intriguing, more pleasantly enigmatic. We treasure animals' steadiness as well as their eccentricities, and are enriched by them—the companions we consider family, the "liminal wildlife," such as squirrels, birds, and chipmunks, that we encounter daily in city parks and backyards, or the wild animals that live deep in the woods or in the sea, which we seek out at times but that, for the most part, please us simply by the fact of their being: it's enough to know they are there. Then there are the billions we think of not so much at all, the doomed, muffled phalanx, the living assembly line of animal protein with hooves or wings (appendages they hardly need). Our knowledge and tolerance of this world of unimaginable suffering weigh upon us and are sources of profound anxiety.
It is one thing to recognize that animals deserve our respect and protection and have a right to the life they were intended by nature to live, and to vow that we, with growing sensitivity, are groping toward ways to end the abuse they suffer. But how do we square such noble aspirations with the reality of the country's meat industrial complex, a system supported by the 96 percent of Americans who eat meat at least once a week, and which some critics have described as nothing less than the largest infliction of pain and suffering on living beings ever carried out in human history? That's a claim that deserves serious reckoning.
Ironically, in terms of their proliferation, industrial animals must be considered the most "successful" on earth; while it is estimated that the world contains about 40,000 lions, 500,000 elephants, 50 million penguins, and 200 million dogs, a census of factory farms would find 1 billion domesticated pigs, 1.5 billion domesticated cows, and 20 billion chickens. What this means is that all the world's animals that live in the wild, or in zoos, as house pets or beasts of burden, taken together, would still constitute a minority compared to those "meals-in-waiting," the living agricultural products whose entire (and very brief) life takes place entirely along the industrial farming production line.
"We devote far more thought to choosing between 'Buffalo-style' wings and Jimmy Dean Sausage Crumbles than the system that produces them."
Moral arguments against this system seem unlikely to change it, despite the advent of some "humanely raised" or "free-range" alternatives, and while experts theorize it could eventually collapse from ecological and economic stresses, it is for the moment too efficient, affordable, and ingrained. We devote far more thought to choosing between "Buffalo-style" wings and Jimmy Dean Sausage Crumbles than the system that produces them. Someone clicking TV channels at almost any time of day will find with ease a nature show featuring hushed narration and wild animals in their natural environment, but the nauseating undercover footage of what passes for normal at industrial farms, as ethicist Peter Singer comments, "is limited to the briefest of glimpses as part of infrequent 'specials' on agriculture or food production. The average viewer must know more about the lives of cheetahs . . . than he or she knows about the lives of chickens or veal calves."
Were we even "meant" to eat our fellow creatures? Biographer and essayist Plutarch reminded his fellow Greeks 2,000 years ago that humans have "no curved beak, no sharp talons and claws, no pointed teeth," and he dared them to try and "kill yourself what you wish to eat—but do it yourself with your own natural weapons, without the use of butcher's knife, or axe, or club." Many biologists since Plutarch's time have echoed his complaint: while animal carnivores have a set lower jaw for stability and sharp incisors for tearing meat, human teeth appear designed for munching fruits and grinding vegetables, our hands designed to pluck fruit from trees. Yet paleoanthropologists concede that proto-humans at some point recognized that plant nutrients were stored in the bodies of herbivores, creatures that could with crude, sharp weapons be stalked and slain, the takeaway being more efficient, high-caloric, high-protein meals. There's evidence that the iron and vitamin B-12 found in meat products are essential to human health. We are "behavioral omnivores—that is we eat meat," writes wellness activist Kathy Freeston, "but our evolution and physiology are herbivorous, and ample science proves that when we choose to eat meat that causes problems, from decreased energy and a need for more sleep to increased risk for obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer." But absolute agreement on this subject, in lieu of greater scientific certainty, remains elusive.
If your primary concern is for animal welfare and wildlife conservation, however, it's hard to escape the trauma that any type of domestic farming wreaks on the environment. One reason DIY hunters themselves cite for joining the chase is the awareness that any type of agriculture, however green or organic, inadvertently destroys animal lives. "One may . . . abhor all meat-eating on the grounds of cruelty," writes hunting scholar Mary Stange, "but in a single sunny afternoon, a farmer plowing a field wreaks more carnage, in the form of outright killing and the destruction of nests and mating areas, not to mention the impacts of pesticides and herbicides on wildlife, than the average hunter does in a lifetime."
Tovar Cerulli, whose well-regarded book The Mindful Carnivore describes his awakening to the virtues of the hunt, reflects that "the mere fact of living, I had begun to realize, linked me to larger webs of life and death. Regardless of what I did, whether I liked it or not, I had an impact. No matter what I ate, habitats had already been sacrificed. No matter what I ate, animals would be killed." As Kentucky-born novelist Barbara Kingsolver recalls, "I've watched enough harvests to know that cutting a wheat field amounts to more decapitated bunnies under the combine than you would believe."
If humankind's presence alone causes animals to die, it might lend credence to the hunter's claim that as man is already deeply involved in animal destruction, hunting is simply its most honest manifestation. "Hunting made me realize that there's a lot that has to happen before that piece of meat gets to your plate," observes Georgia Pellegrini, a professional chef and author of Girl Hunter: Revolutionizing the Way We Eat, One Hunt at a Time. "As a chef, I wanted to participate in that process because it makes the experience more meaningful. You think about the ingredients differently, you think about the experience of eating it differently, and you have more control over how the animal was treated." Most DIY hunters cite the importance of this closeness to the killing process. They rebel against eating industrial meat, in part, because of how thoroughly that system severs all human relationship with the animal world. "The supermarket," notes naturalist Richard Nelson, has become "an agent of our forgetfulness."
Excerpted from The Fair Chase: The Epic Story of Hunting in America by Philip Dray. Copyright © 2018 by Philip Dray. Available from Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, a division of PBG Publishing, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc.
Basic Booksfactory farmingfarminghuntingPhilip DrayPlutarchThe Fair Chasevegetarianism
Philip Dray
Philip Dray is the author of Capitol Men: The Epic Story of Reconstruction Through the Lives of the First Black Congressmen and At the Hands of Persons Unknown: The Lynching of Black America, which won the Robert F. Kennedy Book Prize and the Southern Book Critics Circle Award and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize. Dray lives in Brooklyn, New York.
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text:
Title: 2nd New Zealand Divisional Artillery
Author: Murphy, W. E.
2nd New Zealand Divisional Artillery
Jayforce
Mount Vesuvius hid itself behind a mist when 25 Field Battery sailed past from Naples in the Strathmore on 21 February. On 1 March the gunners saw the last of Africa—Cape Gardafui. They called at Colombo and later at Singapore, and then on 15 March they had a long run up the channel in a misty morning to Hong Kong. They caught their first glimpse of Japan in the afternoon of the 18th and next morning had the Duke of York to escort them into Kure Harbour. They disembarked on the 22nd, travelled by train through Hiroshima, and settled in barracks at Yamaguchi.
Thus they began their service in the occupation force. They shared it with 150 Field Battery, RA, under Major Roscoe Turner, A Australian Field Battery under Major Tim Rodriguez, and 30 Indian Field Battery under Major Andrew George. With these three independent batteries, 25 Battery carried out manoeuvres and live shoots. These were rare occasions, however, and for the most part the gunners picketed various places or mounted formal guards or searched for black-market operators. They drilled to keep fit and maintain their gunnery skills. In their spare time they studied or went sightseeing or perhaps to the races at Ozuki.
At the end of the year Jack Spring departed and Major Archibald8 took his place, and in due course Archibald was replaced by a veteran of veterans, Major Langevad, who had been decorated in the First World War and had been the original RSM of the 5th Field. It was Bill Langevad's task at Ube in the Yamaguchi prefecture on 22 May 1947 to begin to disband the battery. Almost all the original Jayforce gunners had by this time been replaced by men direct from New Zealand. Some of these transferred to other elements of Jayforce. The remainder returned home and the guns came with them.


The project will have several key aspects to it. The first will be the construction of an addition to the current worship facility located on 10 acres of land. It will include a 6,000 sq. ft. multi-space to be used as a worship center, seating around 550 people per service, and also as a gym. This addition will have a basement underneath that will be around 6,000 sq. ft. for a children's ministry.
The second aspect will be to completely update the exterior of the current building and increase the level of available parking. The third aspect is to renovate the inside of the current building so that each space is used wisely (mostly for student ministries). The church plans to have a state of the art youth facility, children's facility, and café. The last aspect will be to excavate the current ministry center so that the basement area can be utilized for office space, which is currently located in an adjacent house across the parking lot.
"In my opinion, this congregation is on the precipice of major additional growth since substantial dollars will be allocated to developing children's and youth ministries. GBIF is excited to see what God will do in and through Western Reserve for His glory," said Ken Seyfert, Executive Director of Operations for GBIF.


text:
Charles Burton Toyne
The Life of Charles Burton
When Charles Burton Toyne was born on 12 November 1921, in Colorado, United States, his father, Rufus Toyne, was 44 and his mother, Laura Beatrice Vernon, was 40. He lived in Sedgwick, Sedgwick, Colorado, United States in 1930 and Election Precinct 4, Sedgwick, Colorado, United States in 1940. He died in July 1986, at the age of 64.
Learn about Charles Burton's homeland.
Put your face in a costume from Charles Burton's homelands.
Rufus Toyne
Laura Beatrice Vernon
Llewellyn Vernon Toyne
Stella Elizabeth Toyne
Forest Paul Toyne
1923 · The President Dies of a Heart Attack
Warrant G. Harding died of a heart attack in the Palace hotel in San Francisco.
1929 · Denver Airport opens
On Oct 17 1929, Denver Municipal Airport opens. Later, in 1964, it would be renamed Stapleton International Airport. It would be replaced by Denver International Airport, 31 years later.
Japanese attack Pearl Harbor.
English (Lincolnshire): unexplained.
Charles B Toyne in household of Rufus Toyne, "United States Census, 1940"
Charles Toyne in household of Rufus Toyne, "United States Census, 1930"


Poster presented at the North American Veterinary Dermatology Forum (NAVDF), April 2017.
How patients with chronic stable angina perceive and live with their disease on an everyday basis?
Poster presented at the 7th Joint Congress of the European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis–Americas Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis, Paris, France, 25–28 October, 2017.


We planned a last minute overnight 2 person girls getaway for New Year's Eve in Niagara Falls for under $100 each. Find out how in this post.
In this post, we put together ten things you don't want to miss at The Royal Agricultural Winter Fair in Toronto, Ontario.
In this post, I share all the details of my Solo Fall Getaway at Esterel Resort and Spa tucked away in the Laurentian mountains of Quebec. The resort features include a Scandinavian spa, fine dining and luxury suites.
A Guide to Mont-Tremblant for non-skiers: Fall Edition. There is so much to do during the fall season at Mont-Tremblant Quebec we created a guide of where to eat, attractions and where to stay during your trip.
Canada's Wonderland Halloween Haunt is a fun evening for adults and teenagers who aren't afraid of dark corners and surprises by zombies in the park.
Ontario small towns are showcasing their best in a series of Agricultural Fall fairs. We have some details on a few of our favourite not to miss events.
It is time to celebrate the Canadian National Exhibition and in this post, I have a list of things to do at the CNE 2018. There is so much to do and see at the Toronto Exhibition this year including the famous CNE Buildings, great exhibits, popular shows and of course the CNE Midway.
When a local made a restaurant recommendation with a gushing review, we investigated. The Schoolhouse Restaurant in Grand Bend, Ontario, features a menu of fresh homemade eats. Best for breakfast or brunch this restaurant is popular with the locals and nearby theatregoers.
Looking for a great restaurant in Grand Bend Ontario? Smackwater Jack's Taphouse is located right on the channel waters for a breathtaking patio and dinner experience complete with a famous Grand Bend sunset.
Escape the city for a beach vacation in Ontario. We recommend the Pinedale Motor Inn in Grand Bend Ontario. This is a family-run hotel, just minutes from Grand Bend Beach and Pinery Provincial Park.


Jonathan D ได้เขียนรีวิว 14 เม.ย.
Jenni V ได้เขียนรีวิว 7 เม.ย.
Isabella T ได้เขียนรีวิว 7 เม.ย.
Arlene L ได้ถามคำถาม 9 เม.ย.
Olá, gostaria de saber que tipo de quarto é esse que aparece nas fotos com uma grande varanda, obrigada.
Hello 913JohnM, Thank you for reaching out to us and for your interest in the Carvi Beach Hotel. In response to your question; there are some steps, about 7 entering the hotel, once inside, we have elevators that take you to all floors. The restaurant has one step as well to enter. We do have a rooftop pool which has 8 steps to reach. The Dona Ana Beach which is steps from the hotel, unfortunately, has many steps to reach the beach, around 90 steps.
Good morning, Yes , all the rooms have Fridge. Many thanks.
Есть ли в отеле все включено и есть ли холодильник и сейф в номере?
Hi, is there a bus stop near by into town? Or are the taxis cheap?


text:
IPC Timber Site Remediation
Project Summary/Goals The site was used for the treatment of timber with creosote from the 1970s until 2000, since which time it has been unoccupied. At the height of its production, approximately 80,000 poles were treated per year with 50 tonnes of creosote processed per week. Verde provide the client with Environmental Consultancy and Remediation services with the aim of surrendering their...
IPC Compliance Support Services
Project Summary/Goals The Quinn Group was established in 1973 and today it operates a number of sites including Cement manufacturing, Packaging manufacturing, landfill, power generation quarry sites. Verde provide the Quinn Group with Environmental Consultancy and Advisory services associated with their IPPC licensed operations and other environmentally sensitive sites. Recently we have been...
Project Summary/Goals Established in 1964 IIE are Ireland's sole manufacturer of explosives for the quarry, mining and civil engineering sectors. Their manufacturing site in Co. Meath operates under an IPPC License from the EPA. Verde provide IIE with Environmental Consultancy and Advisory services associated with their IPPC licensed operation. Recently we have been working with IIE on asse...
Project Summary/Goals Verde provided environmental consultancy services to PHM Consulting in a planning application to Tipperary Co. Council involving the extension of Thurles Library on an historical landfill site. Verde completed Site Investigation and Risk Assessment works according the EPA Code of Practice for Unregulated Landfills. Reporting recommendations were made to minimize pot...
Environmental Advisory and Support services
Project Summary/Goals With over 330 service stations across the country, Topaz is Ireland's largest fuel and convenience brand. Topaz transport, store and trade hazardous and dangerous products across an extensive property portfolio. Their daily operations involve risks, whether natural, man-made or operational which require the implementation of risk management actions. Verde provide Topaz ...
Environmental Consultancy Services
Project Summary/Goals Verde provide IDL with Environmental Consultancy and Advisory services, the aim of which is to provide the necessary environmental monitoring works to satisfy the requirements of the regulatory authority and where necessary provide measures to assist in environmental compliance. Providing the required environmental monitoring information to a high standard to the requi...
Project Summary/Goals Verde were commissioned by Limerick City & Co. Council to undertake Site Investigations, Risk Assessment and development of a remediation programme for an Unregulated Landfill site in St. Mary's Park Limerick. Tier 2 and Tier 3 Risk Assessments were completed according the EPA Code of Practice for Unregulated Landfills. Verde also managed the public procurement pro...


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text:
Световното първенство по футбол през 2014 г. е 20-ото Световно първенство по футбол. Провежда се в Бразилия от 12 юни до 13 юли 2014.

Бразилия е за втори път домакин на световното първенство (след 1950 година) като по този начин става петата държава, организирала първенството два пъти, след Мексико, Италия, Германия и Франция. Първенството се провежда за пръв път в Южна Америка след Световното първенство по футбол 1978 година в Аржентина. За пръв път две поредни световни първенства се провеждат извън Европа и за пръв път две поредни първенства се провеждат в южното полукълбо (Световното първенство по футбол 2010 се провежда в Република Южна Африка).

Играчи, получили жълт картон в два мача, биват наказани да пропуснат следващия по програма. На играчите с един жълт картон, на които предстои да играят в полуфиналите той бива опростен, с цел да се избегне пропускане на участие във финалния мач, заради натрупани два жълти картона.

Избиране на домакин

На 7 март 2003 г. ФИФА обявява, че за първи път след 1978 турнирът ще се проведе в Южна Америка. На 3 юни 2003 КОНМЕБОЛ обявява, че кандидатури за домакинство са подали Аржентина, Бразилия и Колумбия. До 17 март 2004 г. асоциациите на КОНМЕБОЛ избират Бразилия за техен кандидат.

Бразилия изпраща кандидатурата си през декември 2006 г., а Колумбия ги последва след няколко дни. Кандидатурата на Аржентина въобще не е обработена. На 11 април 2007 г. Колумбия официално се отказва от кандидатурата си, като Франсиско Сантос Калдерон, вицепрезидент на страната обявява, че вместо това ще се кандидатират за домакин на Световно първенство по футбол за младежи 2011. Така Бразилия става единствената държава, която иска да приеме първенството през 2014 година. На 30 октомври 2007 г. Бразилия печели правото да организира домакинството като единствена кандидатура.

Квалификации

Жребият за квалификациите се провежда на 30 юли 2011 година в Марина да Глория в Рио де Жанейро. Като страна домакин  се класира автоматично за турнира.

Националните отбори на 203 от всичките 208 членки на ФИФА взимат участие в квалификациите, които се провеждат от 15 юни 2011 до 20 ноември 2013 г.

 се класира за първи път като самостоятелна държава.  се класира за първи път от 1998, а  и  от 2002.

За първи път от 2002 г. зона Океания няма представител на световното първенство.

Класирани отбори
32-та класирали се отбора, заедно с мястото им в ранглистата на ФИФА за октомври 2013:

АФК (4)
  (57)
  (49)
  (56)
  (44)
КАФ (5)
  (32)
  (23)
  (59)
  (17)
  (33)

КОНКАКАФ (4)
  (31)
  (24)
  (13)
  (34)
КОНМЕБОЛ (6)
  (3)
  (11) (домакини)
  (22)
  (4)
  (6)
  (12)

УЕФА (13)
  (10)
  (5)
  (16) /първо участие/
  (2)
  (15)
  (1)
  (9)
  (8)
  (14)
  (19)
  (21)
  (18)
  (7)

Стадиони

Съдии
Избраните от ФИФА съдии за мачовете от световното първенство:

Жребий за групите
Жребият за груповата фаза на Световното първенство се провежда на 6 декември 2013 г.

32-та отбора са разпределени в четири урни по 8 отбора. Седемте най-високо поставени отбора в ранглистата на ФИФА плюс домакините от Бразилия (автоматично поставена в група A) попадат в първа урна. Останалите отбори са разпределени в останалите урни в зависимост от географското им положение.

Отбори от един континент не могат да попаднат в една група, с изключение на европейските отбори, но те не могат да бъдат повече от два. В началото на жребия от урна 4 е изтеглен един отбор (Италия) и пратен в урна 2, за да може всички урни да са с еднакъв брой отбори. Това решение предизвиква остри полемики, защото е в противоречие с принципа на ФИФА за националния рейтингов коефициент. Така, вместо федерацията с най-нисък рейтинг от европейските финалисти – Франция, във втора урна, по ирония на жребия, попада тази, която има най-висок измежду деветте непоставени – Италия. Скандалното решение е възприето от някои коментатори като реверанс към президента на УЕФА, французина Мишел Платини.

Мачове
Графикът за мачовете е обявен на 20 октомври 2011 г. в централата на ФИФА в Цюрих. На 27 септември 2012 комитетът на ФИФА обявява началните часове на двубоите. Мачът на откриването се играе на 12 юни 2014 от 23:00 ч. българско време. Мачовете от груповата фаза се играят от 19:00, 22:00, 23:00 и 01:00 ч. българско време. Осминафиналите и четвъртфиналите започват в 19:00 и 23:00 часа българско време. Полуфиналите и мачът за третото място се играят от 23:00 ч. българско време. Финалът на 13 юли 2014 г. се играе на стадион "Маракана" в 22:00 българско време.

По време на световното първенство часовата зона на България е UTC+3 (лятно часово време), само два от градовете – Куяба и Манаус, са в часовата зона на Амазония UTC-4, а всички останали градове, в които се играят мачове, са в часовата зона на столицата град Бразилия UTC-3. Всички часове по-долу са в българско време.

Групова фаза
Първите два отбора от всяка група продължават в осминафиналната фаза. Класирането на отборите се определя по следния критерий:

 точките спечелени от мачовете в групите.
 голова разлика от всички мачове в групите.
 вкарани голове в груповата фаза.

Ако два или повече отбора са с еднакви показатели от първите три показателя, класирането им се определя по следния начин:

 спечелени точки в мачовете между отборите с равни показатели.
 голова разлика в мачовете между отборите с равни показатели.
 вкарани голове в мачовете между отборите с равни показатели.
 теглене на жребий от ФИФА.

Група A

Група B

Група C

Група D

Група E

Група F

Група G

Група H

Елиминационна фаза

Осминафинали

Четвъртфинали

Полуфинали

Мач за трето място

Финал

Световен шампион

Индивидуални и колективни отличия

Идеалният символичен отбор на първенството

Вижте също
 Купа на конфедерациите 2013
 Летни олимпийски игри 2016

Източници

Външни препратки
  Официален уебсайт


text:
Courtenay C. Brinckerhoff
PharmaPatents
Biotech, Food, Drug
All Federal
We all Scream for . . . Ice Cream Patents
Did you know there are patents on ice cream, ice pops, and other frozen confections? A search of the USPTO patent database identified 1452 granted patents with the term "ice cream" in at least one claim. What better way to prepare for the July 4th holiday than to get a taste of ice cream patents?
The Popsicle® Patent
U.S. Patent 1,505,592 was granted August 25, 1925 on a process for making a frozen confection we know better as a Popsicle®, although it first was marketed by inventor Frank Epperson as an Epsicle.
You Can Have Your Ice Cream And A Piece Of Fruit Too
U.S. Patent No. 3,950,548 related to a product that could be the key to a balanced diet in the dog days of summer. Claim 1 recited:
A confectionery product comprising
a stick having a handle and a seat,
a fruit having a bore therein, said fruit being carried on said seat, and
at least one of an ice cream, a sherbet and/or an ice at least partially filling said fruit's bore.
According to the figure legend, Figure 1 depicts an embodiment with a peach.
When A Waffle Cone Isn't Special Enough
One of the most recent patents is U.S. Patent No. 9,993,007, directed to a three-part ice cream cone. According to the background section of the patent, the invention solves a critical problem:
[C]ompared to ice cream, cones are pretty boring.
In specific embodiments, "[t]he top part of the ice cream cone looks like the same cone you would see in an ice cream shop" but "[i]nstead of a cone bottom, we created and dropped in a specially shaped cookie or candy."
According to the specification this solves other problems with conventional cones:
Because it is a solid cookie or candy, you can grip it hard and it won't break. The ice cream will not drip through the cookie or candy, either. A cookie will stay crunchy much longer than a regular ice cream cone. You can use any cookie flavor: sugar, peanut butter, chocolate chip, oatmeal raisin, snickerdoodle, reverse chocolate chip. You can also use cookie-like toasted rice cereal-marshmallow treats, granola bars, or any hard candy, soft candy, or solid chocolate that holds its shape at room temperature. There are so many different choices.
I half-expected the Examiner's Statement of Reasons for Allowance to find the claims patentable because the invention sounds so delicious ….
A Distinctive Ice Cream Truck Design
There are lots of design patents on frozen confections, but embodiments of ice cream truck design patent D633007 would be hard to miss!
Unpacking The Solicitor General's Brief In Vanda
New Revised USMCA Trade Deal Affects Intellectual Property Rights, But Not Exclusivity Period For Biologics
December Issue of the Bio/Pharma Beat is Now Available
Solicitor General Signals Supreme Court to Address the Confusion Caused by the Abstract Idea Exception to 101
Courtenay Brinckerhoff is a partner and intellectual property lawyer with Foley & Lardner LLP. Ms. Brinckerhoff's practice focuses on client counseling in all aspects of obtaining, licensing and enforcing patents and conducting freedom-to-operate and due diligence investigations. She is chair of the firm's IP Law and Practice committee, immediate past vice chair of the firm's Chemical, Biotechnology & Pharmaceutical Practice and a member of the firm's Patent Trials group, Appellate Practice and Life Sciences Industry Team. She also is involved with Foley's...
cbrinckerhoff@foley.com
www.foley.com
www.foley.com/blogs


This is a brand-new spin-off created by William Leonard/Thoughtful Productions Inc.
"SpongeKid SlightPants: Lunch Hour" is all about SpongeBob and Friends in school. In all of the episodes, they are chatting to each other, which follows with hilarious results. This is based on real stories William Leonard has done(or seen) in school.
Each episode lasts 30 seconds at least. Which is not surprising, as it is a Nicktoons Extra series!
SpongeBob makes a fool of himself over Sandy's new pink flowered coat.
SpongeBob and Sandy fight over who gets one of Patrick's Oreos.
SpongeBob realises Sandy is in love with Patrick, so he snaps her out of it by getting Patrick into trouble.
Suddenly, Sandy gets bad marks. She takes her anger out on everyone.
Flats keeps telling Patrick to give him his lunch money, but Patrick gets 'money' mixed up with other rhyming words.
The Lunch room becomes dark when the Lunch Lady won't fix the lights.
When Sandy smacks her helmet on a pole, she loses her memory. Everyone tries to revive her.
The lunch lady makes a rule that 'no-one talks in line'. But when someone breaks the rule she never lets them speak AT ALL. Well, at least until Patrick coaxes her to let them speak.
Spongebob wants to trade Squidward a corn dog for a burger.
Patrick brings a phone to school and hasn't a clue how to make a call.
Squidward is having a bad mood on Monday.
When the lunch lady is out sick, Planktons does the cooking while she is gone. He serves people chum and eventually a food fight is started.
Spongebob, Patrick, Sandy and Squidward are having a consplay competition.
Patrick brings tons of pancakes in, but doesn't share them with anyone.
Patrick thinks that the Lunchroom is other classrooms.
Patrick gets detention from being framed!
See how fast Pat can run!
Please add your name if you would like a job on the series.


text:
Developer's experience as architect pays off
Friday, 10 Oct 2014
By Zieman
RK Group's Managing Director Dato Roslan Khalid with one of the scale model of his property projects.
As a young architect, Datuk Roslan Khalid learned about the aspects of designing, managing and building residential projects. This experience was what drove him to be a successful developer.
Today, he is the head of developer at RK Group (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd, which was set up in 2000.
RK Group is also an investment holding company with wholly owned subsidiaries in property development, construction, project and property management, and property and retail complex management.
With more than three decades of industry experience, RK Group has successfully completed RM225mil worth of projects to date, and has another RM505mil worth of projects to be launched over the next five years.
Roslan, the managing director of RK Group, said he made the transition from an architect to a developer gradually.
"It's rewarding to be a developer. You feel empowered and motivated because of the financial incentive. But it's not so much about the cashflow. It's the sense of accomplishment and satisfaction that gives me the drive. My motto has always been, "Built distinctively with passion". I don't count the number of projects I do, but the sense of satisfaction I get," said Roslan, who played a major role in the planning of Karambunai Resort in Sabah.
For Roslan, it's all about passion, picking different projects and giving the clients what they deserve.
"Most contractors will tell you that architects don't know much about construction. It's good to have some practical experience so that you can talk the talk and walk the talk," said Roslan, who thinks more architects should take the same career path.
He set up architectural consultancy AK2 Runding Sendirian with two other architects in 1987 and was appointed to design about 1,000 units of houses in Sime UEP's Subang Jaya.
This was followed by work on the Mutiara Oriental, Puteri Villa, Putera Villa, Wickham Manor and the Kuala Lumpur Golf and Country Club projects in the Klang Valley.
Roslan first learnt to design high-rise buildings during this period.
In 1993, he followed his gut instinct and joined two brothers to set up boutique property developer Amona Consolidated Holdings. Their first project was 910 units of apartments in Tampoi, Johor Baru, that were part of a RM200mil mixed development project comprising 24 units of three-storey shop office units, 360 units of luxury condominiums, 510 units of medium-cost high-rise apartments and a clubhouse.
After completing his MBA in 2000, Roslan decided to go his own way because he wanted to do more than just design houses. So, he took on the development of Axis Residences in Ampang, Selangor.
The RM108mil 33-storey high-rise featured 384 apartments, with built-ups from 739 to 1,023 sq ft priced between RM118,450 and RM232,780. It was RK's Group first property development.
"The residents needed a neighbourhood retail centre so I positioned the development to hit that target market. The launch was a hit and the sales gallery was open till midnight," he said.
Roslan said the most memorable work he has done was redeveloping the abandoned Desa Aman Satu and Desa Aman Dua projects in Pantai Dalam in 1997. The work involved building 360 units of medium-cost apartments in the first phase. Desa Aman Dua, 452 apartments in two 30-storey blocks of 30 Storey Apartments, was completed in 2001 at a cost of RM98mil.
Roslan was determined to give the abandoned project his best effort. The project's success spurred him to undertake larger developments.
By now he already had a vision of what buyers wanted and needed and this gave direction to RK Group, was gaining a reputation in the property development industry.
"I've always been inspired by passion to strive for excellence and innovation. I'm also a risk taker, but I try to minimise the risk by starting small first," said the Penang-born architect turned developer.
Roslan said RK Group's success was because of the teamwork within the company and the support of his wife, Datin Zahida Abdul Karim, the executive director of RK Group.
"It was not an easy journey, but I never gave up. When you have a problem, keep looking for solutions and don't let fear dominate. Prayers also help a lot," said Roslan.
RK Group is currently investing in the northern region, especially in Sitiawan and Manjung in Perak because of the increasing value of residential, commercial and industrial properties in the two districts. Manjung is now touted as the economic hub of Perak and is the fastest growing district in Perak for the commercial sector.
The area is easily accessible thanks to roads, railways, cargo terminals, airports and ports, and has rich natural resources.
"The district has attracted a significant number of international investors. The major projects and presence of multinational companies over the next few years will further boost Manjung's burgeoning economy.
An example is Brazilian multinational metals and mining corporation Vale SA's state-of-the-art, iron ore trans-shipment facility that functions as a catalyst for the local economy in Manjung.
This benefits the Lumut-Seri Manjung-Sitiawan sub-conurbation via both direct effects from the job creation and economic activity and spin-off effects from downstream activities.
"Manjung is strategically located and is close to Boustead Shipyard, and the Malakoff power plant. It's only a three-hour drive both from the Kuala Lumpur from the South or Penang from the North.
"With the completion of the West Coast Expressway, it is expected to catalyse a new growth spurt due to the growing confluence between the Klang Valley conurbation and the Lumut-Seri Manjung-Sitiawan sub-conurbation," said Roslan.
The connectivity to Manjung is expected to improve with plans to link Taiping, Perak and Banting, Selangor to the West Coast Expressway. Next in the company's pipeline is Sitiawan Sentral, the commercial heart of Sitiawan.
All units of the company's development there have been sold. The 51 units of two- and three-storey shop houses, with a gross development value of RM28mil, were developed by RK Group's subsidiary Kinta Berkat Sdn Bhd.
"At the launch, the two-storey units were priced competitively at RM380,000. Currently, prices for these units are fetching RM580,000 which is a 52% increase over two years," said the Penang-born Roslan.
As a developer, he says he feels cities should do more to encourage good architecture along with development.
"The city planning departments and the Landmarks Preservation Commission make some attempts, but they're not doing enough. They should encourage a more fully integrated approach to harness the growth of the property sector," he said.
With a combined workforce of 56 employees, including 12 managers, RK Group's next projects include 271 units of serviced apartments in Lumut, and 400 units of serviced apartments in Puchong.
"We like to set new benchmarks and stay ahead of the market. We have developed a portfolio of outstanding developments that are unique, resulting in high returns on investments for investors," he said.
The company has also set up a new subsidiary, which is expected to lead a foray into the hospitality industry.
"The country needs more developers who are professionals with the necessary technical knowledge. The property industry is maturing as more developers have architects and consultants behind them.
"This is where the consumers will benefit. We pay great attention to designing living spaces that provide tangible and intangible benefits to all stakeholders, especially residents and communities," he said.
Roslan feels developers should treat buyers with respect and show them the kind of quality you put into your development.
"The greatest satisfaction is seeing clients telling me this is what they've been looking for. I'm not one who competes with others.
I like to 'build and grow'. Development is more than just designs, it's also the functionality, viability and capability to develop the project," he said.
Tags / Keywords: Business , RK Group


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Home/About Us/Board of Directors/Willy Borner
Willy BornerCraig Canine2019-03-22T08:58:18-07:00
Willy Borner Shaw Island
Wilhelm (Willy) Borner first discovered the San Juans in the early 1980s when he and his wife, Vreni, and their two young children towed a sailboat to Anacortes from the Bay Area and sailed the islands. By the end of the decade they had purchased a home on Shaw Island and in 2001 made it their primary residence.
Willy and Vreni grew up in a small town in Switzerland and emigrated to Australia after he completed his education in Mechanical Engineering. Three years later, they moved to California, where he started a business that designed and manufactured computerized automotive service equipment. Since distribution was worldwide, he traveled extensively.
When he wasn't working, Willy loved nothing more than to be outdoors. As a child, he roamed the fields, streams and forests of Switzerland at every opportunity. In California, the family sailed, hiked, camped and skied regularly.
They have continued their outdoor activities on Shaw, while also contributing to the quality of life on their home island. Willy and Vreni have been longtime supporters of the San Juan Preservation Trust. Their support includes the donation of a conservation easement on their Shaw property soon after they moved there.
Now Willy and Vreni's son, Andrew, and his family have also made their home on Shaw. Willy feels it is time to take an active role on the SJPT team to help shape the future of the San Juans for the benefit of all, forever.


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Pompeo has become the American version of 'Baghdad Bob'
PARIS — After the U.S. military's assassination of top Iranian general Qassem Soleimani in Iraq earlier this month, Secretary of State Mike Pompeo made the rounds on TV news shows. The perma-smirk on his face seemed oddly out of place considering that perhaps the only thing preventing the outbreak of a bloody war was Iranian restraint in its response to the attack.
Iran is now planning to pursue war-crimes charges against U.S. President Trump at the International Criminal Court in The Hague, while Pompeo smart-alecks his way across the world stage.
Pompeo is supposed to be leading the State Department, which serves as the face of America to the world. Diplomats effectively act as a government's public relations agents, projecting its values to other nations. Head PR guy Pompeo was asked last year by a Christian news outlet whether Trump has come to power to "help save the Jewish people from the Iranian menace."
"As a Christian, I certainly believe that's possible," Pompeo replied.
That line would be great PR for America at a Hague trial determining whether the U.S. acted in self-defense or with premeditation in assassinating Soleimani.
Pompeo has become a caricature. He exudes Manifest Destiny 2.0 — the notion that the entire world is America's playground, and every other nation is either with the U.S. or against it. Pompeo represents the polar opposite of the non-interventionist foreign policy platform on which Trump campaigned. It was one of the primary reasons he defeated former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, who once joked in the wake of Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi's death, "We came, we saw, he died." She used that pithy one-liner to encapsulate a war in Libya that has resulted in a flood of refugees into Europe, a slave trade and a new hotbed for jihadists.
Even a cursory glance at Pompeo's Twitter feed demonstrates that he's utterly clueless. Following a 170-0 vote by Iraq's parliament to expel U.S. troops after the Soleimani assassination on Iraqi soil, Pompeo tweeted that he was "outraged by reports of another rocket attack on an Iraqi airbase." He added that, "These continued violations of Iraq's sovereignty by groups not loyal to the Iraqi government must end." Pompeo conveniently ignored the fact that the U.S. remains in violation of Iraqi sovereignty by refusing to leave despite the wishes of that country's elected representatives.
Trump has said in the past that he'd like to pull U.S. troops out of Iraq. So why does he continue to defer to his foreign policy point men, particularly when they display the neocon interventionist tendencies against which Trump has railed?
Pompeo also recently tweeted about the need to end the conflict in Libya, and a Libyan future "free from violence fueled by external actors." That's rich. The external actors Pompeo referred to are the "Syrian rebel" jihadists who were armed and trained by the U.S. government and its Persian Gulf allies.
A month ago, Pompeo lambasted Russia and China for vetoing a U.N. Security Council resolution to allow further aid to these jihadists while they were wreaking havoc in Syria. Pompeo now opposes the presence of these same fighters in Libya. When they were hunkered down in the Syrian city of Idlib — while Russian, Syrian and Iranian troops led by Soleimani were trying to liquidate them — Pompeo whined about these poor jihadists being attacked.
In yet another Pompeo foreign policy farce, he tweeted photos of himself this week with Venezuelan opposition leader Juan Guaido, referring to him as the "interim president" of Venezuela. Guaido has no credible claim to the presidency beyond Western allies deciding he'd make a better puppet for their interests than actual Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro. Pompeo praised Guaido for his "tireless efforts to restore democracy to Venezuela." Nothing says grassroots "democracy" like being handpicked by a foreign power.
The Pompeo comedy tour looks increasingly like the "Baghdad Bob" show during the last Iraq War. Former Iraq information minister Muhammad Saeed al-Sahhaf was known for outlandish proclamations that defied the reality on the ground, as when he claimed that U.S. soldiers were committing suicide "by the hundreds" outside of Baghdad because they didn't want to battle Iraqi troops.
The U.S. has found its own Baghdad Bob in Mike Pompeo. Except that it's not quite so funny when it's happening in America.