cf-execd is the scheduling daemon for cf-agent. It runs cf-agent locally according to a schedule specified in policy code (executor control body). After a cf-agent run is completed, cf-execd gathers output from cf-agent, and may be configured to email the output to a specified address. It may also be configured to splay (randomize) the execution schedule to prevent synchronized cf-agent runs across a network.
These body settings determine the behavior of cf-execd,including scheduling times and output capture to WORKDIR/outputs and relay via email.
Sets a maximum time on any run of the command in exec_command. If no data is received from the pipe opened to the process created with exec_command after the time has elapsed, the process gets killed.
Note that if you have long-running jobs, they may get killed with this setting. Therefore, you should ensure it is higher than any run of cf-agent that you want to leave alone. Alternatively, you can make your jobs output something to STDOUT at least as often as this threshold. This will reset the timer.
Notes: The setting will effectively allow you to set a threshold on the number of simultaneous agents that are running. For example, if you set it to 120 and you are using a 5-minute agent schedule, a maximum of 120 / 5 = 24 agents should be enforced.
See the syslog manual pages.
The command is run in a shell encapsulation so pipes and shell symbols may be used if desired.
Note: If exec_command is not defined cf-agent will be executed with the failsafe.cf policy.
Description: List of anchored regular expressions that, if matched by a log entry, will cause that log entry to be excluded from agent execution emails.
If no filter is set, cf-execd acts as if no log entry matches the exclude pattern. If a log entry also matches a pattern in mailfilter_include, the exclude pattern takes precedence.
Note: Merely adding or removing a pattern that causes the number of matching log entries to change, does not guarantee that the next agent execution will generate an email from cf-execd. The actual output from cf-agent still has to be different from the previous run for an email to be generated.
# Ignore agent execution emails about permission errors.
History: Introduced in CFEngine 3.9.
Description: List of anchored regular expressions that must match a log entry in order for it to be included in agent execution emails.
If no filter is set, cf-execd acts as if every log entry matches the include pattern. If a log entry also matches a pattern in mailfilter_exclude, the exclude pattern takes precedence.
# Only include reports in agent execution emails.
This limit prevents anomalously large outputs from clogging up a system administrator's mailbox. The output is truncated in the email report, but the complete original transcript is stored in WORKDIR/outputs/* where it can be viewed on demand. A reference to the appropriate file is given.
Description: The subject in the mail sent by CFEngine.
The subject can contain system variables, like for example IP address or architecture.
The address to whom email is sent if an smtp host is configured.
The list should contain class expressions comprised of classes which are visible to the cf-execd daemon. In principle, any defined class expression will cause the daemon to wake up and schedule the execution of the cf-agent. In practice, the classes listed in the list are usually date- and time-based.
The actual execution of cf-agent may be delayed by splaytime, and may be deferred by promise caching and the value of ifelapsed. Note also that the effectiveness of the splayclass function may be affected by changing the schedule.
This should point to a standard port 25 server without encryption. If you are running secured or encrypted email then you should run a mail relay on localhost and point this to localhost.
Whenever any class listed in the schedule attribute is present, cf-execd can schedule an execution of cf-agent. The actual execution will be delayed an integer number of seconds between 0-splaytime minutes. The specific amount of delay for "this" host is based on a hash of the hostname. Thus a collection of hosts will all execute at different times, and surges in network traffic can be avoided.
A general rule for scaling of small updates is to set the splay time to runinterval-1 minutes for up a few thousand hosts. For example, the default schedule executes once every 5 minutes, so the splay time should be set to no more than 4 minutes. The splaytime should be set to a value less than the cf-execd scheduling interval, else multiple clients might contend for data. In other words, splaytime + cf-agent run time should be less than the scheduling interval.
The CFEngine default policy sets splaytime to 1.
See also: The splayclass() function for a task-specific means for setting splay times.


text:
namespace app {
namespace Uno {

::uDelegateType* Action__Outracks_Simulator_DialogButton__typeof();

}}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
UPDATE: Native/Indigenous Studies Area (11/15/06; SW/TX PCA/ACA, 2/14/07-2/17/07)
***PLEASE FORWARD WIDELY***
Call for Papers: Native/Indigenous Studies Area
CFP: Children's Literature Association (India) (12/10/06; 3/26/07-3/28/07)
Anto Thomas
"The Child and the Fantastic: Readings in
children's fantasy literature"
Children's Literature Association - India (CLAI) first
international conference will be held from March 26,
2007 to March 28, 2007 at Trichur Towers Hotel,
Thrissur, Kerala, Southern India.
CFP: Call to edit a special issue of NWSA Journal (3/1/07; journal issue)
Laura Winkiel
National Women's Studies Association Journal
Call for Proposals to Edit a Special Issue of NWSA Journal
Deadline:	March 1, 2007
The National Women's Studies Association Journal invites proposals from
scholars/activists who would like to edit a special issue or cluster issue for
the NWSAJ. Through these special issues, we will continue NWSAJ's tradition of
publishing multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary articles on topics that
are critical to the understanding of women's lives.
While special issues about any topic related to Women's Studies may be
submitted, we are especially looking for scholars and topics that focus on the
following areas:
CFP: Translations of Prose and Poetry (12/31/06; journal issue)
Susan Rushing Adams
Sojourn, an interdisciplinary journal that fuses the literary and
fine arts, is accepting translations of poetry and prose for its 20th
anniversary issue. Please see our website,
<http://www.sojournjournal.org/>www.sojournjournal.org, for
submission guidelines. Submissions are due December 31, 2006.
We will also consider work in other genres. Sojourn is published
through the School of Arts and Humanities at the University of Texas
at Dallas.
Questions about Sojourn? Send inquiries to: sojourn_at_utdallas.edu.
UPDATE: Shakespeare on Film and Television (11/15/06; SW/TX PCA/ACA, 2/14/07-2/17/07)
Richard Vela
All travel and registration links on our website have now been updated for
http://www.h-net.org/~swpca/index.html
New Area Added: A panel on Metatheatrical Shakespeare, to includes films in
which the characters put on a Shakespeare play. Examples include: A Double
Life (1947), To Be or Not To Be (1942), Kiss Me Kate (1953), Shakespeare
Walla (1965), Theatre of Blood (1973), Renaissance Man (1994), Dead Poets
Society (1989), A Midwinter's Tale (1995), Shakespeare in Love (1998), The
King is Alive (2000), Get Over It! (2001), and Stage Beauty (2004).
CFP: Dominican-Haitian Representations: Migrations, Citizenship and Human Rights (12/1/06; 2/22/07-2/23/07)
lalvarez_at_jjay.cuny.edu
The Puerto Rican/Latin American Studies Department at John Jay College
of Criminal Justice is currently soliciting papers and presentations for
its international conference on "Dominican Haitians Representations:
Migrations, Citizenship and Human Rights" to take place from February
22-23, 2007 in New York City. Currently, an estimated 500,000 Haitian
immigrants and Dominican-Haitians are living in the Dominican Republic
without any form of identification, which leave them exposed to summary
deportation to Haiti. The Dominican Republic and Haiti share an island
in the Caribbean Sea; with a legacy of colonialism, foreign
interventions, migrations and long history of political and social

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Happy New Year! I now believe that Courtney has out-bloggeed me. Tears of sorrow and joy run down my face! Who would've thought she'd find as much time to blog as she has. (Well, I guess that is a relative term as we are still pretty infrequent). 2011 brought us, amongst others, Asher Benjamin, born June 30th. As I write this he is playing like crazy in his bouncer while his brother looks on. They're both a joy.
The holiday season this year was one of those once-every-seven-or-so where Christmas Day and New Year's Day were both on Sunday, leading to church services both times; but it also leads to some weird holiday rhythms where we have to play musical days off with the schedule. Since it is hard to head out of town when holidays fall on one of the most valuable days of the week for a pastor, I've had some time at home to mess with the blog layout. (Courtney, I'm still working on the logo at the top. I know it looks lame to just have "The Googers" written.) It brought me back to a blog post I wrote a year ago with my goals for 2011. What would a blog be without a review of things such as that?
Scripture: Read the entire Bible in a year and memorize the Book of Ephesians by June 2011. This goal went 50% met. I went through a chronological reading plan last year and enjoyed it. I put the feed into my RSS reader on my computer and often listened to the text being read while also reading along. However, I did not memorize Ephesians. I used to be very good at this but have gotten far too sluggish. It wasn't a matter of biting off more than I could chew but was more a matter of simply being a bit (read: very) undisciplined in my preparations.
Reading: Read three books a month. I am not not a reader, but I have not been a consistent reader. Three books a month was a high bar for me. I did not read 36 books. I read 17 that I can remember (and parts of about three others). However, reading has become a more common part of my life and for that, I am incredibly grateful.
Family: Be home four nights a week. Honestly, I'm not sure how I did here. I did not mark the days. What I can say is that the majority of the time I was with the family. This got better as the year went on. I even went on vacation without my phone or computer, and now often go out with Courtney and the family and leave the phone at home. Small things for many, but huge for a guy like me.
Diet: No soft drinks for 2011. I actually expanded this to include all carbonated beverages, sweet tea (sweetened with sugar), and lemonade. Much to my surprise, this one stuck. The whole year. After a few weeks it became much easier. Let me just say this: I had a lot of water, milk, and unsweetened tea this year. Did I lose any weight? None at all. But it wasn't about that; it was about contentment.
Still, no goal is a worthy goal if it isn't led, encouraged, and enabled by the Spirit–all resulting in a life that is more centered on Christ. I can gladly say that God has allowed our entire family to grow in grace this year together. We've added new habits, eliminated some bad habits, and have more of a desire to live for and honor him. We are looking forward to 2012!
Now, with a new year before us, we do have a few more goals as a family. Some are the same; some have changed.
Scripture: I am again going to plan to read the Bible in a year (and a little more), Lord willing. Courtney is going to join. We are going to do the M'Cheyne Bible Read Plan. This will carry us through the OT once, NT twice, and Psalms twice. I'm also hoping it gives Courtney and me something to discuss together. As far as Scripture memory, I haven't set a goal yet, but this will definitely be a part of what we do.
Writing: I want to journal. I've done it (in)consistently forever. My goal is something every day (hopefully a page in my journal). This may start small, but I pray it grows.
Family: Increasing attention to family devotions and worship. I went to last year's Desiring God Conference for Pastors and was greatly challenged to pray more with my family–which we have done. However, Joel Beeke's message on leading family worship never sunk into what we have done. The M'Cheyne plan gives you passages to read with your family, and I want to prepare better as a father on how to lead my family in these things.
Cake: All cakes (in which I will begrudgingly include pancakes), muffins, cupcakes, and other batter-and-oil-like things are on pause until 2013.
Cookies: I feel like every night I come home Courtney is baking oatmeal raisin cookies. This isn't true, but it almost is. I can also put down about 100 cookies without even thinking about it. So cookies are out.
Candy: It's everywhere. EVERYWHERE. (Especially the office.) So candy is gone. We just threw out our last bag of Lemonheads last night.
Carbonated Beverages: Yes, another year. However, sweet tea and lemonade are back in. See you in 2013, Cherry Coke from the fountain. You and I have a date.
Coffee: When I stopped drinking soft drinks, I started drinking coffee. I think it was just a matter of drinking something, not the caffeine (but I could be wrong on this). I also realized that I put a ton of creamer in my coffee, which these guys demonstrated may make me blow up.
Cheating: "It's a wedding. I have to eat cake." "It's a birthday." "It's the Super Bowl." "It's Tuesday." Once I make concessions, I inevitably devolve. So let's see how it goes without allowing any.
Do these things make me love Jesus more? Absolutely not. But Courtney and I are trying to avail ourselves more to Jesus and less to what we simply want (we have a knack for selfishness). So we'll go into 2012 needing lots of prayer.
Are we crazy? Probably. Happy 2012!


Made in the USA with Jacquard looms and pure cotton yarn, the classic Tapestry Landscape Wall Hanging measures 71"W x 53"H and is fully backed with a sewn rod pocket for ease of hanging. Spot clean only. ~ This Italian Tapestry Ships from the manufacturer. Allow 1 to 2 weeks. Cannot express ship or ship to Alaska or Canada.


The Devonshire Greens offers a luxurious holiday experience in the lap of Munnar. The resort is located atop a mountain and offers breath-taking views of the valley below. The hotel has a classic architecture and is 8km from the city centre. The rooms have wooden floors, the on-site restaurant features a terrace, and the coffee shop offer valley views.
The Attukad Waterfall is 2km from the hotel. The Pothamedu Viewpoint is 5km away. The Wonder Valley Adventure and Amusement Park is at 9km while Eravikulam National Park is 18km away.
The Munnar Bus Station is 6km from the hotel. The Cochin International Airport is at 105km and Ernakulam Railway Station is 130km away.
Cochin is at 126km from here.
Guests can choose from Suites, or rooms like Sunrise Premium, Valley View, or Valley View Premium. Each room or suite has a wall of floor to ceiling windows offering views of the forest and valley. The rooms have a mini bar, electric kettle, private bathroom, flat screen TV, and a desk. Room and laundry services are offered too.
Fall in Greens, the in-house restaurant, serves Indian, Chinese and Continental cuisine for breakfast, lunch and dinner. You can enjoy meals on the terrace too and admire the views.
The hotel has a fitness centre and a spa centre where guests can enjoy Ayurvedic massages. An indoor play area offers relaxation. The travel desk offers car-hiring services. There is a gift shop in the hotel too. Airport shuttle, free internet and parking are also offered.
Book Devonshire Greens now and revel in the best!


text:
REGISTER TODAY FOR WV BROWNFIELDS CONFERENCE
The West Virginia Brownfields Assistance Centers will hold the 2013 State Brownfields Conference on September 12-13 at the Waterfront Place Hotel in Morgantown, WV.
The West Virginia Brownfields Conference is an annual statewide event that combines exceptional educational programs with outstanding networking opportunities between communities, development professionals, and service providers. The 2013 event will include sessions covering all aspects of redevelopment, interactive workshops on project funding, specialty training on remediation, a project showcase banquet, and much more!
Economic Development professionals can receive 10 LED Continuing Education Credits for attending. Find more information at the WV EDC website.
Visit the 2013 WV Brownfields Conference page for more information and to register.
LEED TRAINING WORKSHOP IN CHARLESTON ~ SEPT. 9 – 10
The West Virginia State Historic Preservation Office, in conjunction with the National Park Service, Department 0f the Interior, is sponsoring a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) Training Workshop for local preservation commissioners and staff, architects, engineers, consultants, real estate professionals and other individuals interested in preservation.
LEED is an internationally recognized program that promotes a Whole-building approach to sustainability in architecture by recognizing performance selection and indoor environmental quality. The LEED rating system was developed in 2000 t0 provide means of certifying the "greenness" 0f certain projects, but has not always worked cooperatively with projects trying to meet the Secretary of the Interior 's Standards for the Treatment Properties.
The two-day training Workshop will educate those who would like to learn more about the program's interconnection with historic preservation and the Standards. The workshop will focus on general sustainability in the context of preservation, and will also include training and preparation for anyone wishing to take the LEED Green Associate exam.
The workshop will be held Sept. 9-10, from 8:30 am – 5:00 pm at the Culture Center in Charleston. It is FREE for members of Certified Local Governments and $100 per person for others. Registration is due by Monday, August 26th. To register and for more information, contact Pam Brooks at pam.a.brooks@wv.gov or by calling 304-558-0240.
NOMINATIONS FOR 2013 COAL HERITAGE AWARDS NOW BEING ACCEPTED: BEFORE AND AFTER
In 2013, the awards will be presented at the 2013 Miner's Celebration Conference at a special reception to be held on October 3, 2013 at the Tamarack Conference Center. Nominations will be accepted for any worthy individual, organization, group or community. Nominations must be received by August 2, 2013 An entry form to submit a nomination for one of the above categories is available by calling the office of the Coal Heritage Highway Authority at 304-465-3720 or by emailing Linda Hawkins at lhawkins@coalheritage.org; or can be found here
http://coalheritage.org/DocumentsCenter/Awards%20nominating%20materials%202013.pdf
ARTHURDALE: BEFORE AND AFTER
Nothing demonstrates the Power of Preservation like before and after photos.
What were once most likely considered "eyesores" in the community have been transformed into a flourishing heritage tourism destination.
These photos of Arthurdale are definitely worth a view.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/99906870@N06/sets/72157634948746544/
To learn more about Arthurdale, the nation's first New Deal homestead community, visit
http://www.arthurdaleheritage.org/.
August E-Newsletter
Expert Coming to Morgantown for Mini-Conference
Historic Preservation Student Essay Contest
Up-coming PAWV Workshop
Congrats to the WV Botanic Garden
PreserveWV AmeriCorps Member applications being accepted
See what's inside!
WEST VIRGINIA BOTANIC GARDEN, INC. WINS 2013 AASLH AWARD OF MERIT!
The American Association for State and Local History (AASLH) proudly announces that the West Virginia Botanic Garden, Inc., is the recipient of an Award of Merit from the AASLH Leadership in History Awards for "No More Wiggle-Tail Water:" Interpreting the History of Morgantown's Water Supply." The AASLH Leadership in History Awards, now in its 68th year, is the most prestigious recognition for achievement in the preservation and interpretation of state and local history.
The award recognizes the eight interpretive signs that were erected in the Spring of 2012 and related programming to tell the story of Morgantown's early water supply, especially focused on the resources at the West Virginia Botanic Garden. The Botanic Garden located at 1061 Tyrone Road in Morgantown includes the now-drained reservoir that supplied water to Morgantown from 1912 to 1969 as well as the land protecting the reservoir basin. The West Virginia Humanities Council funded the design and construction of the signs. The extant features related to the reservoir include the main earthen dam and embankment, spillway, outlet tower, diversion dam and accompanying pipe to the reservoir basin, wooden pilings for the treatment pond, and foundations of the chemical feed house and reservoir manager's house. Barb Howe, the WVBG board member who directed the project, said, "We designed the signs to help visitors understand how the extant features related to the natural environment as shaped by successive water companies; by 'benign neglect' after 1969; and, since 2000, by the West Virginia Botanic Garden, Inc." The signs were developed by Erin Smaldone, education director at the WVBG with assistance from Dave Smaldone, associate professor of recreation, parks and tourism at WVU using the research compiled by Howe and historian Michael Caplinger. The award nomination also included an article by Howe and Caplinger entitled "'No More Wiggle-Tail Water'" in the Papers and Proceedings of the Monongalia Historical Society (December 2010); an article on the project in History News: The Magazine of the American Association for State and Local History (Autumn 2012); and a forthcoming article on the Botanic Garden in Wonderful West Virginia (August 2013). The West Virginia Botanic Garden also now has an entry in e-WV, the on-line encyclopedia of the West Virginia Humanities Council. The West Virginia Botanic Garden, Inc., is a 501 ( c ) (3) organization that manages the Botanic Garden under a lease from the City of Morgantown, which owns the property, and the Morgantown Utility Board. The Botanic Garden is open daily from dawn to dusk free of charge. More information is available at www.wvbg.org.
This year, AASLH is proud to confer eighty-eight national awards honoring people, projects, exhibits, books, and organizations. The winners represent the best in the field and provide leadership for the future of state and local history. Presentation of the awards will be made at a special banquet during the 2013 AASLH Annual Meeting in Birmingham, Alabama, on Friday, September 20. The banquet is supported by a generous contribution from the History Channel.
The AASLH awards program was initiated in 1945 to establish and encourage standards of excellence in the collection, preservation, and interpretation of state and local history throughout the United States. The AASLH Leadership in History Awards not only honor significant achievement in the field of state and local history, but also brings public recognition of the opportunities for small and large organizations, institutions, and programs to make contributions in this arena. For more information about the Leadership in History Awards, contact AASLH at 615-320-3203, or go to http://www.aaslh.org.
The American Association for State and Local History is a not-for-profit professional organization of individuals and institutions working to preserve and promote history. From its headquarters in Nashville, Tennessee, AASLH provides leadership, service, and support for its members who preserve and interpret state and local history in order to make the past more meaningful in American society. AASLH publishes books, technical publications, a quarterly magazine, and monthly newsletter. The association also sponsors regional and national training workshops and an annual meeting.


Esther Tanck is an associate professor at the Radboud Institute for Health Sciences. She is connected to the Reconstructive and regenerative medicine theme and to the Orthopaedics department.
After I studied Biomedical Sciences (major in Human Movement Sciences) at the Radboudumc, I started my Ph.D. at the Orthopaedic Research Laboratory in September 1995. In June 2001 I graduated for my Ph.D. on a thesis entitled "Mechanical Regulation of Bone Development" and since then I'm working for the ORL. In 2014 I was appointed as Associate professor 'onderwijs in beweging'.
As Principal Lecturer and mentor for the RIHS I'm involved in many educational activities such as coordinating the minor 'Moving questions: an introduction to Clinical Human Movement Sciences'; the 'Radboud Student Conference' and the Master course 'Orthopedic Biomechanics in motion'. Also I am member of the Education Management Team 1 of the Bachelor's program Biomedical Sciences and Medicine.
My research activities lie in the field of Biomechanics. In my research line we aim to improve the prediction in femoral and vertebral fracture risk in patients with bone metastases by developing patient specific computer models, i.e. non linear finite element models. In addition our goal is to implement a new and fast tool for fracture risk prediction in a clinical setting. I have also been supervising PhD students who work on this research line.
Poster Award for Florieke Eggermont et al.


Machu Picchu is one of the most important archaeological sites in the world. It stands 2,430 m above sea-level, in the middle of a tropical mountain forest, in an extraordinarily beautiful setting. It was probably the most amazing urban creation of the Inca Empire at its height; its giant walls, terraces and ramps seem as if they have been cut naturally in the continuous rock escarpments. The natural setting, on the eastern slopes of the Andes, encompasses the upper Amazon basin with its rich diversity of flora and fauna.


text:
Help and Support▸
About the ITS Help Desk
ITS Help Desk Support Services
The ITS Help Desk provides support to students, faculty, staff, and members of the university community on a variety of technology-related topics. Support includes, but is not limited to:
ITS services
personal computer security
Emergency After Hours Support
On-call after hours emergency support is available outside normal Help Desk hours. The service is available for wide-scale outages and university-critical business. To receive emergency support call 319-384-4357 (HELP) and follow the directions to leave a message. The Help Desk on-call agent will quickly return your call.
All customer issues are important to ITS and the Help Desk strives to resolve them in a timely manner, but only emergency situations will be addressed by the after hours emergency service. The Help Desk on-call agent will determine if the issue is an emergency.
Routine calls received after-hours will be handled the next business day. Examples of routine calls are:
An individual who is unable to access an ITS-provided service, but the service is available to all other customers.
An individual who is having computer problems that does not involve critical university-related business.
A HawkID password reset
Help Desk Student Employment
We're hiring! Learn more about ITS Help Desk employment opportunities.


This amazing two bedroom villa located in Geroskipou, has excellent views walking distance to the beach and all the amenities restaurants and bars. Fully furnished high quality features. It must be seen. It will be available on 1/9/18.


text:
Q: Is wordexp in libc on OSX 10.9.5 known to leak? Is wordexp on OSX 10.9.5 known to leak memory? And if not, what is wrong with my code?
On my own local machine running OSX 10.10.5 I run my code through Valgrind and get no lost bytes.
No leaks on my Ubuntu Linux machine either.
However, when I turned on valgrind checks on my travis-ci account that uses OSX 10.9.5 I suddenly get a leak from memory allocated inside of wordexp even though I free it using wordfree as the man page describes:
==8968== LEAK SUMMARY:
==8968==    definitely lost: 1,024 bytes in 1 blocks
==8968==    indirectly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks
==8968==      possibly lost: 0 bytes in 0 blocks

OSX 10.9.5 uname output:
Darwin 13.4.0 Darwin Kernel Version 13.4.0: Sun Aug 17 19:50:11 PDT 2014; root:xnu-2422.115.4~1/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64

OSX 10.9.5 sw_vers output:
ProductName:    Mac OS X
ProductVersion: 10.9.5
BuildVersion:   13F34

OSX 10.9.5 libc version 1197.1.1 otool -L /usr/lib/libSystem.dylib:
/usr/lib/libSystem.dylib:
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1197.1.1)

OSX 10.10.5 libc version 1213.0.0:
/usr/lib/libSystem.dylib:
    /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib (compatibility version 1.0.0, current version 1213.0.0)

Relevant code (Please use the link to the full code below if compiling):
https://github.com/JoakimSoderberg/wordexp_test
static void xfree(void *p)
{
    void **pp;
    assert(p);

    pp = (void **)p;

    if (*pp)
    {
        free(*pp);
        *pp = NULL;
    }
}

char **test_wordexp(const char *cmdline, int *argc)
{
    char **argv = NULL;
    size_t i;
    int ret;
    wordexp_t p;
    memset(&p, 0, sizeof(p));

    // Note! This expands shell variables.
    if ((ret = wordexp(cmdline, &p, 0)))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "wordexp error %d: '%s'\n", ret, cmdline);
        return NULL;
    }

    *argc = p.we_wordc;

    if (!(argv = calloc(*argc, sizeof(char *))))
    {
        fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
        goto fail;
    }

    for (i = 0; i < p.we_wordc; i++)
    {
        if (!(argv[i] = strdup(p.we_wordv[i])))
        {
            fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory!\n");
            goto fail;
        }
    }

    wordfree(&p);

    return argv;

fail:
    wordfree(&p);

    if (argv)
    {
        for (i = 0; i < (size_t)*argc; i++)
        {
            xfree(&argv[i]);
        }

        free(argv);
    }

    return NULL;
}

Full code: https://github.com/JoakimSoderberg/wordexp_test
Travis job with failed OSX but successful Linux:
https://travis-ci.org/JoakimSoderberg/wordexp_test/builds/83194932
Exact line of OSX Travis job with leak error:
https://travis-ci.org/JoakimSoderberg/wordexp_test/jobs/83194937#L78
The wordexp is known on OSX for having used Perl in its implementation. But apparently doesn't any more.

*

*Perl version

*New verison
Also I did not manage to find the exact source code links that I know is found in the involved libc versions mentioned above.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Holy Manafort, we have a new trivia question this week! Who was the last top campaign or administration official who received a presidential pardon?
Last week's trivia question was: Of all the members of the Warren Commission, which was looking for answers regarding the assassination of President Kennedy, who served in public office the longest?
The answer? Richard Russell. The Georgia Democrat spent 10 years in the state legislature (starting in 1921), two years as governor, and 38 years in the Senate, a career that ended with his death in 1971 — 50 years in all.
The randomly selected winner is Steve Carr of St John's, Newfoundland, Canada. Steve wins the coveted Political Junkie button.


text:
New authoritarianism
Written by György Csepeli – Gergő Prazsák
Új tekintélyelvűség - projekt
In September of 2010 we carried out a survey on a national representative sample1 on the problems of the new and old authoritarianism. The research was supported by the Social Conflicts Research Center (Társadalmi Konfliktusok Kutatóközpont) of the Eötvös Loránd University.2> Our aim was to understand the process resulting in growing prejudices and chauvinism in Europe generally and in Hungary particularly.
Based on the data received from the European Social Survey, the Political Capital Institute has reached the conclusion that there is a peculiarly high number of people in Hungary who show intolerance towards social minorities (immigrants, homosexuals etc.). Based on the DEREX index developed by the Institute the distribution of prejudice and chauvinism in Europe can be demonstrated on Map 1.
Map 1. The proportion of individuals supporting prejudice and welfare chauvinism in Europe (2008)
Source: Political Capital Policy Research & Consulting Institute3
Based on the data included in this map as well as on the data stemming from our previous research, (Csepeli, Prazsák 2010) and the everyday experience it became obvious that we need to examine these phenomena more attentively, at least in Hungary. This is why we started our survey research. Below we present the patterns of beliefs on human life and existence based on the answers given to the first set of questions in our questionnaire. Following this block taken together the individual belief patterns we will present the results of multivariate analysis that will hopefully reveal the psychological and sociological determinants of the new authoritarianism.
The idea of social dominance
The cognitive element which structurally determines new authoritarianism is the attitude towards the idea, that all groups of people have equal rights, which can be measured using the Social Dominance Orientation Scale, developed by Sidanius and Pratto (2001).
Based on results of pretests we modified the scale. We preserved only the items which elicited no refusal and posed no grounds for stylistic objections or problems of understanding.
Finally, we decided to include 11 items into the questionnaire. The respondents were to express their agreement or disagreement.
Table 1. The items used to measure attitudes towards social dominance
Some groups of people are simply inferior to other groups.
In getting what you want, it is sometimes necessary to use force against other groups.
It's OK if some people have more of a chance in life than others.
To get ahead in life, it is sometimes necessary to step on other groups.
It is probably a good thing that certain groups are at the top and other groups are at the bottom.
Sometimes other groups must be kept in their place.
It would be good if groups could be equal.
All groups should be given equal chance in life.
We would have fewer problems if we treated people more equally.
We should strive to make incomes as equal as possible.
No group should dominate in society.
In the case of the first six items agreement indicates a positive attitude towards social dominance, while if the answer is no, the respondent does not show this attitude. In the case of the next five items we have an opposite situation: if one agrees, one would like to live in a society, where people are equal.
In the case of every item the respondents had to express the degree of her/his agreement or disagreement on a 5 point Likert scale.4 The average scores are presented in Table 2.
Table 2. The average scores of agreement-disagreement with items concerning social dominance5
Std. deviation
We can see in Table 2. that the most refused item (2.1) was the one stating that "It's OK if some people have more of a chance in life than others". Most people agreed with the statement: "All groups should be given equal chance in life."
All in all we can say that the whole of the sample could be characterized in the following way: regarding the items referring to the acceptance of social dominance one can observe general disagreement, while regarding the items referring to the refusal of social dominance, one can observe general agreement. Moreover one can see that in the case of the items referring to the acceptance of social dominance, the standard deviation is much higher, which refers to the fact that people in Hungary are much more divided when they have to decide whether they accept or refuse the idea of social dominance formulated in the affirmative way as opposed with the case of items which express the refusal of the idea of social dominance. Looking at the averages, it becomes obvious that in contemporary Hungarian society the most important value is social equality. This result is in correspondence with the results of the international comparative research conducted in the first decade of the 21th century (Lelkes 2009).
Averages however, do not say anything about the existence of cognitive patterns which determine the attitude towards social dominance measured by the whole of the scale. These patterns can be revealed by means of principal component analysis. According to the results of principal component analysis the attitude towards social dominance differed as a function of the formulation of the items. As a result of the analysis two principal components emerged. In the first principal component those items were found which expressed the creed of human equality. In the second principal component we found those items which legitimized social inequality.
These emergence of two cognitive patterns cannot taken for granted at all. Based on the results of several international survey research, not matter the sample was big or small, Sidanius and Pratto reached the conclusion that the items can be placed on basically one dimension, in case they conducted a factor analysis. Still, based on their report, in two cases these answers could be placed on not one, but two dimensions6, measuring two somewhat different phenomena. Nevertheless in the case of both samples they found a strong correlation between the primary components (r = 0.6), that is why they formulated the following conclusion: "though this issue may bear further exploration, at present we have no research evidence that it would be useful to consider the two subdimensions of SDO as independent" (Sidanius, Pratto 2001: 71).
Nevertheless, in our sample we could identify two dimensions, not completely independent, but in a much weaker connection with one another (r = 0.2).7 Based on our further analyses we tried to make it unambiguous that the two dimensions are organized around the acceptance of equality or inequality of the different social groups, and differ in their contents as well.
First let us examine the two answer patterns, the two principal components, presented in Tables 3 and 4.
Table 3. Principal component of ethnic social dominance orientation
Communality
Factor loading
Explained variance: 56.11 %
Table 4. Principal component of class based social dominance orientation
It would be good if groups could be equal..
No groups should dominate in society.
The content of the two principal components can interpreted by logic. Accordingly there is a cognitive pattern which perpetuates the idea of social equality and inequality around the legitimacy of inequality. Based on this pattern some accept, while others dismiss the legitimacy of social inequality. The other cognitive pattern is based on a different logic. In the case of this one the central idea is not inequality but equality. Based on this pattern some opt for social equality, or they refuse it.8
If we want to perform not a logical but a content-based analysis of the two principal components, we need to start with the most stressful item of the set legitimizing social inequality, which is as follows: "Some groups of people are simply inferior to other groups." This argument is the key element of the ethnic mindset, according to which belonging to a group is determined at conception, and it cannot be changed, and this determines the place of the person within social hierarchy. We can conclude that this primary component can be identified as a bearer of ethnic social dominance orientation (E-SDO).
As opposed to this the other principal component identifies as a central element of the modern organization of society the equality of chances (Gellner 1983). The idea of the equality of chances, of income, of the lack of domination assumes that the person approaches the question of social equality and inequality based on class. Consequently this principal component can be placed to the dimension of class social dominance orientation (C-SDO).
If we wish to see the distribution of the respondents based on whether they accept or refuse the ethnic or class social dominance, it is helpful to make an analysis during which we differentiate the respondents who do not accept any form of social inequality, either ethnic or class based. There is a different group, members of which accepts inequality, but not based on class. The third case is when some do not accept inequality based on ethnic criteria, but accept inequality based on class. And there are some, who consider the inequality between people legitimate, either based on ethnicity, or based on class. In order to separate these groups, we conducted a K-means clustering on the E-SDO and C-SDO principal components, and the results, the stable cluster centers are presented in the following table.
Table 5. The acceptance and rejection of social and class dominance orientation9
Refusal of both types of inequality
Acceptance of both types of inequality
Accept class based inequality, refuse ethnicity based inequality
Accept ethnicity based inequality, refuse class based inequality
E-SDO (pc)
C-SDO (pc)
Based on the last row of Table 5 we can conclude that the majority of the Hungarian society accepts some kind of inequality between people. We can see that the ones refusing any kind of inequality are only a minority (38%).
External and internal control
The classical analyses of authoritarianism have not dealt with directly whether the person considered himself or herself an anvil or a hammer in the smithy of fate, but it seems not to be a premature conclusion to say that authoritarianism can be considered as a state of the lack of autonomy, in which the person perceives himself or herself as a prisoner of external factors (Kroeger 2007:104).
We included four questions in our questionnaire regarding the level to which the person – considering the course of his or her life – interprets his/her life as a function of internal or external control patterns (Rotter 1990).
The first question referred to the putative reasons of the career. One of the alternatives determined the career as a function of luck, the other alternative determined the career as a function of ability. The second question included two possible answers regarding the factors determining the course of life. One of the alternatives stated that the course of life "depends on unknown forces", ones that cannot be influenced by people, while the other alternative stated that the course of life can be influenced if "we take part in the political and social life". The third question aimed to uncover the theories referring to the connection between life and chance. One of the possible answers stated: "life can be influenced by chance, but it is unknown to most people", while the other answer said: "there are no such accidental things." The fourth question referred to whether the respondent thought that he or she could influence the events determining his or her life.
Table 6. The distribution of variables measuring external and internal control(%)
Does not know/no answer
In order for someone to have a proper career…
The things that influence life…
The chances which have an influence on life…
The events determining my life…
As one can see, the respondents form two distinct groups based on the questions referring to external and internal control. The answers given to the questions are not independent. Multivariate analysis10 resulted in one variable, the high level of which refers to the acceptance of internal control, and the refusal of external control, while the low level of which refers to the refusal of internal control and the acceptance of external control. The result of this analysis is included in Table 7.
Table 7. External control – internal control main component
Discrimination value
Centroid Coordinates
The eigenvalue of the dimension: 1.84 (46 %)
The decay of Hungary
With the help of an 18 items we tried to examine what people think about the causes of the state that things in Hungary are not going too well. In the case of every item respondents had three possibilities. If they considered the given cause as very effective, they gave 3, if they considered the given cause just effective, they gave 2, and if they thought that the cause concerned was not effective at all, they gave 1.
Table 8. Attributions of the deterioration of the country (averages)
Politicians are looking for their own benefits solely.
Parties cannot get to a consensus.
Everyone wants to be rich at once, people don't care with the future.
Contraselection of persons in leading positions.
Only those politicians can win who promise a lot.
Too many companies are owned by foreigners.
Tax evasion is rampant.
Too many lazy persons are living in the country.
There was no real change of the system.
We are directed by the EU, we are not independent.
We are no taking over the best solutions from abroad.
Our country is exploited by Jewish capitalists.
We are not thrifty enough.
The political and the economic power is in the hands of former Communists.
The number of the well rained workers is too low in the country.
Public safety is in danger because of the Gypsies.
Few speak foreign languages in the country.
Few people are able to take risks.
Based on the averages one can conclude that all in all the respondents of the national representative sample blame politicians, foreigners, cheaters, Jews and Gypsies, and the idea according to which the Hungarians themselves play a part in all of these is not very popular. The multivariate analysis of the attributive judgments shows that there are three typical patterns of causes, which determine the way people think about the causes of problems in Hungary.
Table 9. Principal component of the "anomic profit making"
Explained variance: 37,49 %
The pattern of anomic profit making is based on an idea of unjust society, which on the one hand condemns people who are high in society, but on the other it condemns the ones who are low. This image of society presents a covert prerequisite, that scrounging is preferred to common good. The belief in anomic profit making in the empirical sense is a principal component, the high values of which indicate the attributive role of anomie, while the low values indicate the lack of this role.
The organization of the second attributive pattern is based on the idea of new colonialism.
Table 10. Principal component of the "new colonialism"
The disapproval of the EU includes blaming communists, Jews and Gypsies for the failure of the system change. The high values in the principal component of new colonialism refer to the tendency to blame the EU, the Gypsies, the Jews, the communists, while a low value indicates the lack of this tendency.
The third attribution pattern is based on a different logic. In this pattern we find the internal cause of collective self-criticism, which explain the deterioration of Hungary referring to internal and not external factors.
Table 11. The principal component of "self-criticism"
The number of the well trained workers is too low in the country.
A high value of the main component indicates self-critique, while a low value indicates a restraint from self-criticism.
Rokeach (1960) developed a scale in the 50s of the last century with the help of which he measured the inclination to have an unyielding, expedience-free, "closed" mind, which refuses counter-arguments and critique, and which is inseparable from authoritarianism. The core of this closed mind is anxiety which takes over the inner world of the lonely, defenseless, helpless people. In our questionnaire we included 12 items taken from the original Dogmatism Scale. The respondents were to decide how much they agree with the items. In the case of all items we asked for a response indicated on a 5 degree scale, where 1 meant strong disagreement, while 5 meant strong agreement.
Table 12. The average scores of the questions measuring dogmatism
It is only natural for a person to be rather fearful of the future.
There are two kinds of people in this world: those who are for the truth, and those who are against the truth.
It is by returning to our glorious and forgotten past that real social progress can be achieved.
In this complicated world of ours the only way we can know what's going on is to rely on leaders and experts who can be trusted.
To compromise with our political opponents is dangerous because it usually leads to the betrayal of our own side.
Man on his own is helpless and miserable creature.
Of all the different philosophies which exist in this world there is probably only one which is correct.
It is better to be a dead hero than a live coward.
Fundamentally, the world we live in is a pretty lonesome place.
A man who does not believe in some great cause has not really lived.
While the use of force is wrong by and large, it is sometimes the only way possible to advance a noble ideal.
If I had to choose between happiness and greatness, I'd choose greatness.
In case of some items indicating dogmatism there is a general agreement among members of the national representative sample. Being afraid of the future can be considered general. The standard deviation of the answers is very low, and that is why this item cannot have a differentiating role. According to the results of the principal component analysis the remaining eleven items have shown three patterns.
The first pattern was named "romantic", as it has included the fantasies referring to valor and greatness.
Table 13. "Romantic" principal component
While the use of force is wrong by and large, it is sometimes the
only way possible to advance a noble ideal.
In the second pattern has comprised all the symptoms of the classical "closed mind", which resists to doubts or contradictions.
Table 14. "Closed mind" principal component
Explained variance: 53.4 %
"Closed mind" offers a comfortable and secure cognitive stance to people, as they do not even consider the possibility that their enemy might be right in some aspects, as truth cannot be different from the opposite of non-truth (lies, mistakes).
The third pattern has included the items concerning loneliness, anxiety and the way out of it.
Table 15. "Loneliness" principal component
Hungarian troubles
At some point of the questionnaire we posed three problems. Each of the respondents had to decide whether the problems could be considered one of the gravest problems facing the Hungarian society or not. According to the majority's view all three problems were to be considered as grave and vitally important. There were differences in the proportions. Most of the respondents (73%) considered as grave the problem of the unequal distribution of goods in the contemporary Hungarian society. The decrease of the number of living Hungarians was considered as most important problem by 68%. The smallest proportion of respondents, but still 53% asserted "the mass of unassimilated people" is a graver problem that needs to be solved.
In the case of all three problems we offered four alternatives to resolve them. These alternatives differed from one another in the sense that some of them were radical ones, known from the arsenal of extremist political movements, and there were some, which came from the arsenal of national paternalism and liberalism. Respondents could decide which alternatives they favor most. It was possible to vote for more than one alternative.
Table 16 demonstrates the proportion of those respondents in case of each problem who have chosen the given alternative as a solution for the problem concerned.
Table 16. Solutions of the gravest problems in Hungary (%)
unequal distribution of goods
Nationalization
Taxation of profit
Housing guaranteed by the state
Income guaranteed by the state
loss of population
Ban on abortion
Liberal immigration
State support of child bearing
Propaganda of child birth
mass of unassimilated people
Forced emigration
Forced assimilation
One can see in the table that in the case of the unequal distribution of goods the radical solutions (guaranteed income, taxation of profit) are most widely chosen by the respondents. In case of the decrease of population and of the people not capable of integration into society the role of the state is supported (81%, respectively 78%). In the case of the "mass of unassimilated people" (i.e. Gypsies) the 21 % of the respondents opted for forced emigration and 31 % for forced assimilation.
As a result of multivariate analysis three patterns have emerged.11
The first pattern (state solutions) included national state policy supporting child birth, state-guaranteed housing and the approval of guaranteed income by the state.
Table 17. Principal component of the "state solutions"
Not chosen
Decrease of population: State support of child bearing.
Decrease of population: propaganda of child birth.
The unequal distribution of goods: housing guaranteed by the state.
The unequal distribution of goods: Income guaranteed by the state.
The second pattern (radical solutions) included ban on abortion, expulsion an nationalization.
Table 18. Principal component of the "radical solutions"
Reduction of population: ban on abortion.
Mass of unassimilated people: forced emigration.
The unequal distribution of goods: nationalization.
The third pattern (laissez-faire) included the solutions referring to the approval of liberal immigration policy, to education and training, as well as to aid and support.
Table 19. Principal component of the "Laissez-faire solutions"
Reduction of population: liberal immigration policy
Mass of unassimilated people: education, training.
Mass of unassimilated people: welfare.
The cognitive determining factors of social dominance
In the next part of the paper we try to examine the way the ethnic and class based social dominance is embedded into the order of the variables developed through the discovery of the symptoms of old and new authoritarianism. We applied the method of linear regression analysis, and the results showed that the ethnic social dominance was determined by six variants, which also played a role in authoritarianism.
Table 20. The cognitive determining factors of the ethnic social dominance12
R²= 0,42
standardized β coefficient
T test (sig.)
Anomic profit making (pc)
State solutions (pc)
Radical solutions (pc)
"Romantic" (dogmatism pc)
"Closed mind" (dogmatism pc)
"Loneliness" (dogmatism pc)
The strongest determining factor could be identified in the case of dogmatism. The mechanism to accept ethnic based inequality can be expected from those who can be characterized by close mind: they interpret the world based on romantic-heroic terms, their thinking is closed to counterarguments, and they feel lonely. The idea of solving the social problems with the help of the state is against the tastes of these people, they rather choose radical measures. The people accepting ethnicity-based inequalities – keeping every other cognitive characteristic under control – name anomic profit making as the main pressing issues in society. In their opinion the solving of these problems can be done through radical measures.
The model is valid the other way around as well. The refusal of ethnic social inequalities can be expected of people who consider themselves self-made men, they lack romantic heroic thinking, their mind is open, they do not feel lonely on Earth, and they expect the state to resolve social problems.
Class based social inequalities however, were to be explained only by three variables of classic dogmatism and the variable of approval of state intervention in solving the gravest social problems.
Table 21. The cognitive determining factors of the class social dominance13
The ones who accept the difference between people based on class dominance see the world from the point of view of romantic, heroic dogmatism, still their mind is not closed, and they do not feel themselves lonely on the planet Earth. Nevertheless they refuse the intervention of the state into the solving of the most ardent social problems.
The ones who do not take for granted the difference between people based on class dominance do not see heroes and "great" people, and do not want to become like them. Still their mind is not open, and they feel lonely in the world. As social democrats they prefer the intervention of the state in the solution of the grave social problems.
The social determining factors of social dominance
The thought patterns legitimizing ethnic and class based inequality between people are not very complex from the point of view of sociological determination. The regression analysis has indicated the explanation value of only three sociological variables in both cases. The size of the settlement has a significant effect on the class or social dominance orientation. The more inhabitants of a settlement, the more likely for both of the variants of social dominance orientation to appear. And the other way around: the smaller the settlement, the lesser the social dominance orientation of the respondent.
Table 22. The sociological determining factors of social dominance14
Ethnicity based social dominance
Classed based social dominance
Type of settlement15
Level of education16
Male / Female
R²
If we compare the results presented in table 22 with the ones included in tables 20 and 21, we can observe that the explaining power of the sociological models is much weaker than that of the cognitive models. This indicates that the acceptance or dismissal of social dominance can be traced back not to sociological but to cognitive reasons.
Table 22 demonstrates other interesting facts. On the one hand it shows that although the impact of the type of settlement is positive in both the class and ethnicity based social dominance, meaning that the more urban settlement the respondent lives in, the more he or she accepts the inequality between groups, still, in the case of ethnicity based inequalities this is much stronger than in the case of class based inequalities. Another phenomenon that needs to be explained is that the acceptance of ethnicity based dominance between groups relates oppositely to education: the higher the respondent's educational level, the more he or she supports equality between groups.17 The acceptance of class based social dominance relates to education in a direct way. This means that the higher the educational level of the respondent, the more expectable it is that he or she will support class based inequalities.
It also needs to be explained why there is an inverse relation between the size of the settlement and the legitimization of ethnic or class based inequalities.
In our opinion this relation is inverse because meeting people in an urban-type environment is impersonal. These meetings typically do not make possible personal acquaintances. The only means of person perception is the application of group categories to the other, which can be ethnic or class based, depending on the stimulus-patterns one persona sees the other. In smaller settlements everyone knows everyone. Instead of group categories personal characteristics are important in information processing dealing with the other persons. People meet as Mr and Mrs Smith, and not "Hungarian" or "Gipsy" or "unemployed", "clerk", "manager", etc.
Social dominance characterized men much more than women. Women, if they can, avoid social dominance orientation, regardless of its ethnic or class based nature. The differences between the two sexes refer to the fact that authoritarianism is not at all new. Men have a problem getting over the sense of superiority which is implied traditionally in the male role, which influences the acceptance both ethnic and class based inequalities.
The cognitive and sociological determining factor of social dominance
Cognitive and sociological elements can be separated from one another only artificially. The aim of this present paper was not the discovery of the relations and causality between these two phenomena, but we need to connect them.
The following table presents the common effects of the previously introduced cognitive and sociological factors on the acceptance or dismissal of social dominance.
Table 23. The common effects of the cognitive and sociological determining factors on social dominance18
Ethnic based social dominance
Class based social dominance
Type of settlement
External – internal control
Radical solutions
Taking the cognitive and sociological determining factors together19, the weights of the different factors are modified. The type of settlement still shows a relatively strong, positive relation to the acceptance of intergroup dominance: that is the smaller the settlement one lives in, the more possible to dismiss inequality between people in terms of categories. As it was expected in the purely sociological model, the effect of education disappeared from the determining factors of ethnic social dominance, when taking cognitive and sociological factors together. However it was replaced by external – internal control. This means that the more someone interprets his or her fate as a result of external forces, the more he or she is inclined to legitimatize the inequalities between people on an ethnical ground. Approving ethnic based social dominance and the Rokeach-type dogmatism show a relatively powerful, same direction relation. One also needs to observe the role of the respondents' sex in the ethnic and class based social dominance models. In the case of the former it is typical for men, and less typical for women to accept ethnic inequalities between people. In the case of class based social dominance the effect of the sex factor disappears. Based on this result we may get closer to the interpretation of the debate that can be read in British Journal of Social Psychology 2003/2 (for example the assertion of Wilson and Liu, in which they suggest the tinting of the effects of gender identity on accepting social dominance as opposed to Sidanius and Pratto's strong allegation). Based on our data we can see that while social gender is a determining factor in accepting or dismissing ethic based social dominance, this is not the case for the dismissal of social dominance.
Socialization effects
If we want to reveal the socialization origin of authoritarianism based on the acceptance or dismissal of the two types of social dominance we can differentiate two groups: the group of people who do not dismiss at least one type of social inequality, and the group of people, who – based on both types – choose inequality between people. The size of the first group exceeded the size of the second in our sample: 60% vs. 40%. According to our assumption the reason why a respondent became part of a particular group, i.e. accepts or dismisses some kind of inequality is not independent of childhood experiences. In order to analyze the socialization pattern we asked the following question: "During your childhood what was the way important decisions were made in your family?" The majority of the representative sample (58%) stated that the mother and father made decisions together. 22% of the respondents said that the mother alone, while 14% stated that the father alone made the important decisions in the family. If we compare the different decisional patterns with the sets of responses concerning the different forms of inequality between groups of people, we can see that among respondents who refuse any type of inequalities between groups of people there are much more ones whose parents made decisions together regarding important family issues (64%), as opposed with those respondents who accept at least one form of inequality between groups of people (55%). This result indicates that there is a connection between social dominance orientation and the way family has been organized.
The paper yields evidence that ethnic and class based types of social dominance orientation are different. Although there are common areas of the two patterns regarding the acceptance or refusal of inequalities between groups of people, we cannot consider these two orientations identical.
Csepeli, Gy., Prazsák, G. 2010. Örök visszatérés? Társadalom az információs korban. (Eternal return? Society in the Information Age) Budapest: Jószöveg
Gellner, E. 1983. Nations and nationalism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press
Kendall, P., Lazarsfeld, P. F. 1950. Problems of Survey Analysis. In Merton, R. K., Lazarsfeld, P. F. (ed.) Continuities in Social Research: Studies in the Scope and Method of "The American Soldier". New York: Free Press
Kroger, J. 2007. Identity Development. Adolescence Through Adulthood. California: Sage Publications
Lelkes, O. 2009. Attitudes to inequality. In Tóth, I. Gy. (ed.) TÁRKI European Social Report 2009. Budapest: TÁRKI
Rokeach, M. 1960. The Open and Closed Mind. New York: Basic Books
Rotter, J. B. 1990. Internal Versus External Control of Reinforcement. American Psychologist Vol. 45. No. 4.
Sidanius, J., Pratto, F. [1999] 2001. Social dominance: an intergroup theory of social hierarchy and oppression. New York: Cambridge University Press
Wilson, M. S., Liu, J. H. 2003. Social dominance orientation and gender: The moderating role of gender identity. The British Journal of Social Psychology Vol. 42. No. 2.
DEREX Index: http://www.riskandforecast.com/post/in-depth-analysis/back-by-popular-demand_411.html
1 The sample represented the total population of adult Hungarian citizens living in Hungary. A total of 1010 people were randomly selected into the sample, and they were personally interviewed by the associates of the Marketing Centrum. The constitution of the sample has been adjusted with a four dimensional weight (education, sex, type of settlement, age) to the studied population. As a result of weighing the sample was reduced to 1003 elements.
2 Besides the authors of this study, Dr István Murányi and Dr Zoltán Vági took part in the survey.
3 http://www.riskandforecast.com/post/in-depth-analysis/back-by-popular-demand_411.html (accessed on: April 9, 2011)
4 1: I totally disagree; 5: I totally agree.
5Averages: the higher the average, the higher the level of agreement.
6 In the case of the comparison of the samples of UCLA and two Israeli universities consisting of 7-800 respondents two dimensions were differentiated
7 We did not want either to verify or to falsify the test developed by Sidanius and Pratto: we wanted to measure social dominance in today's Hungary in order to understand the mechanisms of authoritarianism and social exclusion. As a first step we analyzed the 11 questions with maximum likelihood (rotated) factor analysis in order to find as much of the non a priori attitude patters in the answers as possible. We differentiated two factors, but they did not match perfectly. As a result of this we conducted separate principal component analyses on the two groups of variables. The two main components gave very good indexes (table 3 and 4), only one question was omitted from the analysis: "Sometimes other groups must be kept in their place."
8 As one can observe, the two primary components are in an opposite relation, which means that in the case of one the high factor scores refer to the acceptance of the increase of inequality, while in case of the other the refusal of inequality. In order for the two components to head the same direction, we "rotated" the principal component measuring class based social dominance orientation, and in the case of both primary components the ones accepting inequality received high factor scores, while the ones refusing it, low factor scores.
9 19 respondents, i.e. 1.8% of the sample could not be included in any of these as a result of the fact that they did not answer to a high number of questions.
10 The SPSS package makes it possible to perform a "principal component analysis" in the case of the categorical variables. Version 18 of the package includes this analysis in the data reduction block, the optimal scaling menu. The first step of the method is to transform the categorical variables into a numeric variables, i.e. it quantifies it (using alternating least square), and then the main components are prepared, which can be interpreted as the scores of discriminating functions.
11 We applied the method described in footnote 10.
12 F test sig. <0.000
13 F test sig. <0.000.
15 We measured the type of settlement on a 5 degree scale, where 1 indicates people living on farms, while 5 indicates people living in the capital.
16 We measured education on a 5 degree scale as well, where 1 indicates unfinished elementary education, while 5 referred to university or college degree.
17 Although the level of significance of the T-test exceeds the level usually applied one with 0.008., we considered it important and of a great significance to emphasize this phenomenon, that is why we included it in the model.
19 That is based on the Lazarsfeld paradigm the different independent variables and the effects of their interaction are analyzed together (Kendall, Lazarsfeld 1950).
Фільчаков Олександр Васильович
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Politikai antropológiai előadások
Negyedik éve tanítom egy félévben kulturális antropológusoknak a Politikai antropológia c. tárgyat. Az előadásokat alaposan kidogoztam, s hallgatóim a maguk által készített jegyzetek alapján készülnek a vizsgára. A megadott szakirodalmat feldolgozzák, de közös tapasztalat, hogy nincs olyan szöveg, mely egységes keretben, a politika jelenségvilágára koncentrálva, az antropológiai szempontokat figyelembe véve képes lenne arra, hogy közel hozza a politika világát a hallgatókhoz, megértetve velük, hogy de te fabula narratur.
A Társadalominformatika: moduláris tananyagok, interdiszciplináris tartalom- és tudásmenedzsment rendszerek fejlesztése az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával, az ELTE TÁMOP 4.1.2.A/1-11/1-2011-0056 projekt keretében valósul meg.


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Q: Git Bash slow PageDown I'm using Git Bash on Windows 10. I've selected Use Windows' default console window.
When I scroll with PageUp/PageDown, it's slow, not like in Linux. In Linux, it's instantaneous, while here it is animated - I can see how it goes down line one 30 times, instead of just going 30 lines down. It's like PageDown gets interpreted as me hitting DownArrow 20-30 times.
Has anyone experienced the same problem, and do you know of any workarounds?

A: I tried to reproduce that with a Windows 10 and Git 2.16.2: the scrolling is instantaneous, be it in a CMD after typing 'bash', or in a git bash window, after typing 'git bash'.
Try again, with Git referenced by a simplified PATH (set in a dedicated CMD session, just for testing):
set G=c:\path\to\latest\git
set PATH=%G%\bin;%G%\usr\bin;%G%\mingw64\bin
set PATH=%PATH%;C:\windows\system32;C:\windows\System32\Wbem;C:\windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\

Check that, in your bash session, TERM is set to xterm.
You can also test that bash session with:
export LESS=-JMQRSiFX

In any case, a less longFile should propose the long file content immediately, and "page Up/Down" should work without delay.