text:
<#
|==============================================================================>|
  AlchemyCmd-AP by Apoorv Verma [AP] on 10/2/2013
|==============================================================================>|
  DECRIPTION:
  ----------
    AlchemyCmd-AP is a command line tool that connects to Alchemy API, which
    supports a variety of options for tuning natural language
    processing operations.
|==============================================================================>|
  FEATURES:
  --------
      $) Very Dynamic and Detailed Parameter Handling [Better that linux counterpart :p]
      $) Automated Features [Error Handling, Key Handling, Data Extraction]
      $) Verbose Help Menu [Additional Features Documented too!]
|==============================================================================>|
#>
param(
[ValidateSet('concept','entity','keyword','category','language',"cquery")][Alias("M")][String]$mode,
[ValidateSet('text','HTML','web','url','file')][Alias("S","type","source-type")][String]$srctype,
[Alias("F","U","T","text","file","url","path","source-file","source-url")][String]$Source,
[Alias("H","?")][Switch]$Help,
[Alias("APU","api-print-url")][Switch]$PrintUrl,
[Alias("NT")][Switch]$NoThrow,
# ----------------------------------LEGACY [Doesnt-Do-Anything]--------------|
[Alias("Verbose","V","R","read-from")][Switch]$Legacy,
# ----------------------------------LEGACY [Doesnt-Do-Anything]--------END---|
[Alias("Show-Request-Only")][Switch]$RQO,
[Alias("Show-Query")][Switch]$SQ,
[ValidateSet('XML','CSV','RawXML')][Alias("O","output-mode")][String]$output = "XML",
[Alias("K","KeyFile","key-location")][String]$Key,
[ValidateSet('cleaned','raw','xpath','cquery','cleaned_or_raw')][Alias("AT","api-source-text")][String]$AST,
[Alias("AC","api-cquery")][String]$cquery,
[Alias("AX","api-xpath")][String]$xpath,
[Alias("AM","api-max-retrieve")][String]$AMR
)
$ErrorActionPreferenceO = $ErrorActionPreference
$ErrorActionPreference  = "SilentlyContinue"
. (Resolve-path "Modules.ps1",".\Modules.ps1","$(split-path $PSCommandPath)\Modules.ps1")[0] 2>&1>$null
$ErrorActionPreference  = $ErrorActionPreferenceO
function Thrower ($Data) {
    if (!$NoThrow) {Throw $Data}
    exit
}
function HelpMenu {
write-Host -f yellow @"

AlchemyCmd-AP v1.0
By Apoorv Verma [AP]

"@
@"
Synopsis:
  Command line tool by AP that connects to Alchemy API, which supports a
variety of options for tuning natural language processing operations.

Required:
  -M, -mode TYPE              Select the NLP operation type:
                                  concept  (concept tagging)
                                   entity  (named entity extraction)
                                  keyword  (keyword extraction)
                                  cateory  (text categorization)
                                 language  (language detection)
                                   cquery  (constraint query)
  -S, -source-type TYPE       Select the source content type:
                                      web  (process a WWW resource)
                                     html  (process a local HTML file)
                                     text  (process a local text file)
  -F, -source-file PATH\URL   Process a (text or HTML file) or (URL)
  -U                          Same as -F

Miscellaneous:
  -H, -help                   Print command usage
  -K, -key-location PATH      Specify a custom API key location
  -O, -output-mode MODE       Output formatting mode:
                                   simple  (simple comma-delimited output)
                                      xml  (raw XML output

HTML Targeting Options (for -source-type = 'html' or 'web'):
  -AT, -api-source-text MODE  Set a HTML page targetting mode:
                                  cleaned  (use HTML content cleaning)
                                      raw  (process entire HTML content)
                                    xpath  (use an XPath query)
                                   cquery  (use a HTML constraint query)
                           cleaned_or_raw  (use HTML content cleaning,
                                            falling back to 'raw' mode)
  -AC, -api-cquery QUERY      Set a constraint query
                                   (see http://www.alchemyapi.com/api/scrape/)
  -AX, -api-xpath XPATH       Set an XPath expression

Other API Options:
  -AM, -api-max-retrieve VAL  Specify the max # of results to retrieve
  -APU, -api-print-url        Enable printing of URLs in simple responses
  -SQ, -Show-Query            Shows the Query Used to get Result
  -RQO, -Show-Request-Only    Shows only the queried data

"@ | % {$_.split("`n")} | % {if ($_ -match "^[^ ].*:") {$Col = "Yellow"} else {$Col = "DarkCyan"};write-host -f $Col $_}
}
if ($Help) {HelpMenu;exit}
"mode","srctype","source" | % {if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty((Get-Variable $_).Value)) {Write-Host -f Red "[-] $($_.ToUpper()) is undefined, QUIT!";Thrower "Incomplete Parameters"}}
if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($Key)) {
    try {$Key = GET-APIKey "AlchemyAPI" -NoThrow} catch {}
    if (([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($Key)) -and (Test-path -type leaf "$PWD\AlchemyAPI-AP.Key.txt")) {
        $Key = ([String[]](gc "$PWD\AlchemyAPI-AP.Key.txt" | ? {$_ -imatch "alchemyAPI"}))[0]
    }
    if ([String]::IsNullOrEmpty($Key)) {
        Write-Host -f Red "[-] API KEY cannot be null, please point to file\give the key\Store it in AlchemyAPI-AP.Key.txt"
        Thrower "API KEY BLANK"
        exit
    }
}
if ($srctype -eq "file") {
    if (test-path $Source -type leaf) {$Source = gc $Source} else {write-host -f red "[-] Source File Does not exist!";Thrower "SourceFile_non-existant";exit}
}
if ($Source.length -le 4) {Write-Host -f Red "[-] Too little Text to analyze!";Thrower "Insufficient Data!";exit}
try {$DLLPath = (gcm "AlchemyAPI.dll","$PWD\AlchemyAPI.dll","$(Split-Path $PSCommandPath)\AlchemyAPI.dll" -ErrorAction Ignore).path} catch {if ($DLLPath -eq $null) {"AlchemyAPI.dll file is missing from Path!";exit}}
[void][Reflection.Assembly]::LoadFile("$DLLPath")
$API = New-Object AlchemyAPI.AlchemyAPI
try {$API.SetAPIKey("$KEY")} catch {Write-Host -f Red "[-] Invalid API-Key was specified!";Thrower "Invalid API-KEY";exit}
$srctype = $srctype.replace("web","url")
$srctype = $srctype.replace("file","text")
$PullMethod = ($API | gm).name | ? {$_ -like "$srctype*$($mode.substring(0,$mode.Length-1))*"}
if ($PullMethod -eq $null) {Write-Host -f Red "[-] Method Undefinable with given Mode, and SrcType!";Thrower "PullMethod Not Found";exit}
$Payload = $Source
if ($SQ) {Write-Host -f Yellow "API.$PullMethod($Payload)"}
try {
    $Response = ([XML]$API.$PullMethod($Payload)).Results
} catch {
    Write-Host -f Red "[-] Sorry, but Request created an Error, please modify request [$(("$_".split(":")[1..5] -join(":")).trim())]..."
    Thrower "AP-GETError-Request"
    exit
}
if ($RQO) {
    $Filter = switch ($mode) {
        "concept"  {"${Mode}s.$Mode"}
        "entity"   {"Entities.$Mode"}
        "keyword"  {"${Mode}s.$Mode"}
        "category" {"$Mode"         }
        "language" {"$Mode"         }
        "cquery"   {                }
    }
}
$Baki = $Response | gm -MemberType Properties | % {$_.name} | ? {$_ -ne "usage"} | ? {if (!$PrintURL) {$_ -ne "url"} else {$true}}
if ($Filter -ne $null) {
    $Filter = $Filter.split(".")
    if ($Filter.count -eq 1) {
        $Response = ($Response.$($Filter[0]))
    } else {
        $Response = ($Response.$($Filter[0]).$($Filter[1]))
    }
} else {
    $Response = $Response | select $Baki
}
if ($Output -eq "CSV") {$Response = $Response | ConvertTo-Csv}
return $Response


text:
Home VA Products Custom Products
Wellness Planner Wellness Catalog
Company History Advisory Board Our Clients
Close × Home VA Products Custom Products
Free Resources Wellness Planner Wellness Catalog
About Us Company History Advisory Board Our Clients
Meet our Distinguished Senior Advisory Board
In striving to provide programs and publications that are up-to-date and medically accurate, the American Institute for Preventive Medicine is pleased to be guided by a Senior Advisory Board composed of people prominent in the field of health promotion and disease prevention. The Board assists the Institute in developing and implementing programs, providing quality control, and evaluating trends to meet the needs of hospitals and corporations. This is an active board dedicated to helping maintain the Institute's position as a leader in the wellness field.
Susan Schooley, M.D. Joseph Berenholz, M.D. Dee Edington, Ph.D. Bill Hettler, M.D. James Kohlenberg, M.D. Dan Mayer, M.D. Marcie Parker, Ph.D., CFLE
Dr. Susan Schooley is the Medical Director of the American Institute for Preventive Medicine, as well as the Emeritus Medical Director for the Detroit, Michigan Region of Henry Ford Health System for which she had been the Chair, Department of Family Medicine. She is a licensed and board-certified member of the American Board of Family Medicine. Since completing her Residency in the Department of Family Practice at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1983, Dr. Schooley has chaired or been a member of numerous professional and community organizations; instructed graduate and undergraduate medical students; given over 70 medical presentations; and written journal articles and book chapters. Over the years, Dr. Schooley has received many honors and awards, including Woman Physician of the Year in 2006 and 2005 from the Michigan State Medical Society, Best Doctor in Detroit for 2005, 2004, and 2002 from Hour Magazine, and Residents' Teaching Excellence Award from the Family Practice Residency at the University of North Carolina in 1988.
Dr. Joseph Berenholz is a Diplomat of the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology and is on staff at the Detroit Medical Center, Providence Hospital, and Huron Valley Hospital. He is also a clinical instructor at the Detroit Medical Center.
Dr. Edington was previously Professor and Director of the Division of Physical Education at the University of Michigan. He is also Director of the U-M Fitness Research Center and a Research Scientist in the School of Public Health. Dr. Edington is the author and co-author of numerous articles and books including Biology of Physical Activity, Biological Awareness, Frontiers of Exercise Biology, and The One Minute Manager Gets Fit. His work with the Health Risk Appraisal and Vitality and Lifestyle Analysis Questionnaires are models for organizational vitality, health and wellness programs.
Dr. Hettler is co-founder of the National Wellness Institute located in Stevens Point, Wisconsin. He is also the Director of Health Services at the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point. Dr. Hettler has been a leader in the health promotion field for over 25 years and is a highly sought after keynote speaker at national conferences.
Dr. Kohlenberg is Chief of Internal Medicine at the John R Medical Clinic located in Madison Heights, Michigan. He has been a practicing physician for over 20 years. He received his medical degree from Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan.
Dr. Dan Mayer is an Attending Physician in the Emergency Department at Albany Medical Center. He works as both a clinical and teaching attending. The hospital's emergency department is a Level I and sees about 60,000 patients each year. Dr. Mayer is also a Professor for Emergency Medicine at Albany Medical College where he teaches a four year course in evidence-based medicine. He developed the entire course himself and trained the faculty preceptors to teach in it.
Marcie Parker is Senior Qualitative Researcher with United HealthCare Corporation's Optum Division. She has Master's Degrees in both Anthropology and Public Administration and a Ph.D. in Family Social Science from the University of Minnesota. Dr. Parker is a Certified Family Life Educator and has a Certificate for Staff Builders and In-Service Trainers. She also has a mini-MBA in healthcare from the University of St. Thomas and is a Fellow in both The Gerontological Society of America and The American Institute on Stress.
Susan Schooley, M.D.
Joseph Berenholz, M.D.
AIPM and its staff have received numerous national honors for its work in the wellness field. These include the Hod Ogden Medal from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Healthy American Fitness Leaders Award from the President's Council on Physical Fitness and Sports, the Director's Award from the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, and the Leadership and Service Award from the Association for Worksite Health Promotion.
Larry Chapman, M.P.H.
Mr. Chapman developed and provides the highly regarded Wellcert Certification. Mr. Chapman served as Regional Program Consultant for health promotion and wellness for the U.S. Public Health Service. Mr. Chapman has published over 50 articles and books on different health-related topics, has helped design and implement over 195 wellness programs in workplace settings and is a nationally recognized expert on wellness and corporate health management. He also currently serves as the National Civilian Consultant to the Surgeon General of the U.S. Air Force for Health Promotion.
Dee Edington, Ph.D.
Bill Hettler, M.D.
James Kohlenberg, M.D.
Dan Mayer, M.D.
Marcie Parker, Ph.D., CFLE
The Chapman Institute
Mr. Chapman Senior Vice President at WebMD Health Services, the most utilized online health information resource. Previously, Mr. Chapman served as Regional Program Consultant for health promotion and wellness for the U.S. Public Health Service. Mr. Chapman has published over 50 articles and books on different health-related topics, has helped design and implement over 195 wellness programs in workplace settings and is a nationally recognized expert on wellness and corporate health management. He also currently serves as the National Civilian Consultant to the Surgeon General of the U.S. Air Force for Health Promotion.
Edington Associates
Dr. Edington is Professor and Director of the Division of Physical Education at the University of Michigan. He is also Director of the U-M Fitness Research Center and a Research Scientist in the School of Public Health. Dr. Edington is the author and co-author of numerous articles and books including Biology of Physical Activity, Biological Awareness, Frontiers of Exercise Biology, and The One Minute Manager Gets Fit. His work with the Health Risk Appraisal and Vitality and Lifestyle Analysis Questionnaires are considered to be models for organizational vitality, health and wellness programs.
Richard S. Lang, M.D., M.P.H., F.A.C.P.
Head, Section of Preventive Medicine
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Dr. Lang is currently the head of the Section of Preventive Medicine at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation, where he is also a Staff Physician in the Department of General Internal Medicine. He has served as the Federal Aviation Administration Medical Examiner since 1986 and as a Senior Clinical Instructor at Case Western Reserve University Medical School.
Dr. Susan Schooley is the Medical Director of the American Institute for Preventive Medicine, as well as the Medical Director for the Detroit, Michigan Region of Henry Ford Health System for which she is and has been the Chair, Department of Family Medicine since 1991. She is a licensed and board certified member of the American Board of Family Medicine. Since completing her Residency in the Department of Family Practice at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in 1983, Dr. Schooley has chaired or been a member of numerous professional and community organizations; instructed graduate and undergraduate medical students; given over 70 medical presentations; and written journal articles and book chapters. Over the years, Dr. Schooley has received many honors and awards, including Woman Physician of the Year in 2006 and 2005 from the Michigan State Medical Society, Best Doctor in Detroit for 2005, 2004, and 2002 from Hour Magazine, and Residents' Teaching Excellence Award from the Family Practice Residency at the University of North Carolina in 1988.
AIPM
30445 Northwestern Highway 30445 Northwestern Highway Farmington Hills, MI USA 48334
Copyright © - American Institute for Preventive Medicine

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Hawtpixel creates a variety of games for different formats. Current focus is on developing & promoting Cowgirls Vs Cthonimon (a PC/Steam release). I also have some small mobile (iPhone/iPad/Android) games underway in the background (including complimentary Cowgirls Vs Cthonimon minigames that can be used when you are out & about to help unlock features in the main PC release). My weapons of choice for games development are Game Maker Studio, Photoshop, Clip Studio Pro, Magica Voxel, Goldwave, Scanahand & Font Creator.
My aim is for each of Hawtpixel's game releases to be as playable & original as possible, & for every release to have it's own unique visual style & flavor.


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text:
Front Page Health Politics U.S.WND RADIO
Lady Marine: Trump's fate in 2020 depends on 1 key issue
'Huge number of vets got out and voted for him. He cannot drop the ball'
By Greg Corombos
Retired U.S. Marine Corps Gunnery Sgt. Jessie Jane Duff
Donald Trump made cleaning up the Department of Veterans Affairs one of his top campaign promises, and as the president-elect considers his options to lead that effort, a retired U.S. Marine Corps gunnery sergeant and veterans activist says personnel will be critical since the job of fixing the VA will be long and difficult.
Jessie Jane Duff served 20 years in the Marines. She is now a senior fellow at the London Center for Policy Research. Duff told WND and Radio America Trump must pick someone who can run a massive operation like the VA but that person must also be tough enough to force change upon those addicted to the status quo.
"This is not for somebody who just is well-versed on the VA. It's great to be versed on the VA, but if you don't have management experience dealing with unions, dealing with backlogs, dealing with bureaucracy and trying to be a positive change agent, you're not going to be the person for the job," Duff said.
Duff says prior military service might be nice but is really not all that vital to doing what needs to be done.
"I'm not even that concerned if someone is a veteran or not. It's not a military organization. It services veterans. I need somebody who is service-oriented and understands what it is to deliver on a product or service to a customer, particularly one that is so important such as our American veterans," she said.
Like the reporting you see here? Sign up for free news alerts from WND.com, America's independent news network.
Because of the sprawling nature of the VA, she said that tough, competent person must have tough, competent people beneath him or her.
"The changes are going to be difficult," Duff said. "It's going to be very difficult. Whoever does get in there is going to have to align themselves with really strong undersecretaries. The Veterans Administration is broken up into many, many small departments, and they're scattered throughout the nation. So you can easily find little pocket groups that are going to do their own thing."
According to Duff, the new secretary must make it crystal clear from Day 1 that business as usual is over.
"Employees have to understand, this is the new sheriff in town," Duff said. "We're going to get this right, and whatever it takes is what we're going to do. You're going to meet massive resistance, and the unions are probably going to fight them left and right. They have to get the right center of attention, and that is back on the veteran and not on the VA employee."
Listen to the WND/Radio America interview with Jessie Jane Duff:
While Duff and many other veterans activists are highly critical of the Obama administration's approach to the issue, she admits that current VA Secretary Robert McDonald faced roadblocks over the personnel changes he did try to make, precisely because of organized labor.
"He had tried to fire multiple employees of the VA and was just never successful with it," Duff said. "Often it was because they would go through this appeal process, and the union that protects these employees would find that little loophole that says, 'No, that doesn't fall under the guidances of our agreements."
The union in question is the American Federation of Government Employees, or AFGE.
"They were able to get many, many of these employees back pay or reassigned to placed back into the jobs that they had been severed from," Duff said.
She said those kinds of bureaucratic hurdles prevent real change from happening.
"The process, the system, everything about it is so severed, so broken," Duff explained. "You have to have somebody willing to go in there and recognize that and not try to pretend that you're going to put a bandage on a sucking chest wound."
So how does that entrenched bureaucracy ever budge? Duff said it's more about determination and less about any additional legislation.
"You have to find out how how can we fire people without going through all this bureaucracy. It's going to require shaking up and breaking up that union," she said. "They're going to have to figure out a way to do it because trying to legislate your way out of this has proven time and time and time again to be ineffective."
As an example, she said the 2015 legislation that allowed "veterans choice" for vets that don't live near a VA facility turned out to be a mess. Instead of making life easier for veterans to get private-sector care that's far more convenient, VA bureaucracy turned the opportunity into a nightmare.
"Well, guess what happens? The bureaucracy to fill out the paperwork becomes so deep that many veterans got discouraged doing it," Duff said. "Some veterans have reported finding out the bills were never paid by the VA and they turned around and got them on their credit report. And the VA itself had tried to allocate the billions of dollars they were given for it into other areas of the VA."
Get the hottest, most important news stories on the Internet – delivered FREE to your inbox as soon as they break! Take just 30 seconds and sign up for WND's Email News Alerts!
The care itself is still turning up horror stories as well, most recently the allegations that a VA dentist failed to sterilize his equipment and now some 600 patients need to be screened for HIV and various strains of hepatitis. The dentist is still on the VA payroll, but has been moved to an administrative position.
Duff said the approach of the new VA boss needs to be very simple.
"We have to get somebody who's a clear-headed thinker who realizes you're obviously not going to be able to service all veterans," she said. "You have to allow veterans who are not near a VA medical system, or not getting adequate care, to go to (private-sector) facilities near them. That's rule number one."
But as critical as Duff is of the current system, she doesn't want to scrap it. She wants to replicate what works in successful VA hospitals in the facilities that are failing.
"Rule number two: You don't have to destroy the entire system," she said. "There are many model hospitals that are out there. Use them as the diagram to re-establish those hospitals that are failing."
Duff said VA facilities should face consequences for failing to meet the standard of care America's veterans deserve.
"Treat it like a school system," she said. "Set up a standard of excellence that must be managed and maintained. Those who do not manage or maintain it are threatened to be closed or reformed or [have their entire staffs fired]."
She is not officially recommending any particular candidate in mind to lead the VA through such a change, although one name quickly came to mind for her.
"I'm probably not the right person to ask who would be best for it, but (former Texas Gov.) Rick Perry does happen to be a veteran," Duff said. "He has, obviously, managed an enormous budget. He has great success in Texas with the economy. He's also very very concerned with veterans. He's been very outspoken and has gone to the medical centers in Texas."
If Trump picks someone capable of doing all this, how soon could the nation see significant results?
"With the right people and the right direction and the right demands of them, and they're given checks and balances, and they're given a benchmark to reach every quarter and every year, I think we're going to see significant improvement in the first year," Duff said. "We should see mass improvement in two."
She firmly believes Trump's fate in 2020 could very well depend upon how well he keeps this promise.
"Should he be re-elected, it means he did a great job because veterans are behind this man. The reason he's in office is because a huge number of veterans got out there and voted for him," Duff said. "He cannot drop the ball on this one. It will make or break his re-election."
Greg Corombos
Greg Corombos is news director for Radio America.
Andrew McCarthy: 2 sides need to get a grip
Jim Jordan: I'd build wall, defund Planned Parenthood, reform welfare
Pollster: GOP needs to step up pace on Trump agenda
Socialism's popularity in U.S. more than century in making
McConnell urged to bypass Dems, confirm judges


strongest since Oct. 20 at C$1.2580.
balance figures that pointed a widening trade gap in November.
is expected from the Fed.
counterpart narrowed by 2.3 basis points to a spread of -41.1.
basis points, its narrowest since Nov. 16.


text:
NTM EVENTS 2020
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 2, 2020, 7 PM–9 PM
The Williams Readings Celebrate National Translation Month
Zoom event—please send message for details
If it's September, it's National Translation Month! This month we celebrate translators and translations with two terrific features. Join us on Wednesday, September 2, 2020 at 7 p.m. to hear Hélène Cardona & Ani Gjika read from their work.
Hélène Cardona's books include Life in Suspension, Dreaming My Animal Selves (Salmon Poetry) and the translations Birnam Wood (José Manuel Cardona, Salmon Poetry), Beyond Elsewhere (Gabriel Arnou-Laujeac, White Pine Press), Ce que nous portons (Dorianne Laux, Éditions du Cygne), and Walt Whitman's Civil War Writings for WhitmanWeb. Her work has been translated into 16 languages. The recipient of over 20 honors & awards, including the Independent Press and International Book Awards, Naji Naaman Prize, and Hemingway Grant, she holds an MA in American Literature from the Sorbonne, worked as a translator for the Canadian Embassy, and taught at Hamilton College and LMU.
Ani Gjika is the author of Bread on Running Waters (Fenway Press, 2013) and translator of seven books and chapbooks of poetry. Her translation from the Albanian of Negative Space by Luljeta Lleshanaku was published in 2018 by Bloodaxe Books in the UK where it received an English PEN award and by New Directions in the US where it was a PEN Award finalist for Poetry in Translation and shortlisted for the International Griffin Poetry Prize.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 11, 2020, 8:00-9:30 EST
Poetry in Translation /East Meets West
Featuring Alice Major and Anna Yin
A series of online events focus on poetry and translation by reading and discussing original poems then translations between poets and translators. We will talk about the myth of "lost in translation", tackle the art of re-creation and exchange the mutual gain through the process. The poets are George Elliott Clarke, Molly Peacock, Alice Major and A. F. Moritz, and the translator is Anna Yin
Each session will last 90 minutes and will involve one English-language poet and the Chinese translator to discuss techniques and adaptability required and close-reading poems of different styles and subjects.
These events aim to engage the audience and stimulate wider and stronger interest and conversation for cross-cultural exchange in poetry.
Four sessions are on Friday night 8:00-9:30pm with Zoom meeting
https://us02web.zoom.us/j/87134664583 Meeting ID: 871 3466 4583
Co-hosted by The East and West Learning Club
SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 12, 2020, 5:00 PM EDT
Lit Balm: An Interactive Livestream Reading Series
John Taylor, Elizabeth T. Gray, Lea Graham, Alexander Dickow—Zoom event
Lit Balm is a weekly online literary series featuring readings from innovative authors worldwide. On September 12, 2020 we will feature a translation panel with John Taylor, Elizabeth T. Gray, Lea Graham, and Alexander Dickow. We will also have poems from our founders and an open mic.
We hope you will join us on Saturday, September 12 at 5PM EST on Zoom: https://us04web.zoom.us/j/461603228
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 20, 2020, 1:00-3:00 PM EDT
September Bilingual Poetry Reading—Live on Facebook
Our September Bilingual Poetry Reading will again feature poets /translators writing in two languages.
Time: 1:00 pm (Eastern time, i.e. New York time; please convert this to your local time if you live in another time zone)
Participants (in alphabetical order):
Clara Burgelea (New York)
Linda Morales Caballero (New York)
Stella Hayes (New York)
Alta Ifland (San Francusco)
Anya Krushelnitskaya (Michigan)
Gari Lait (Chicago)
Alexis Levitin (Plattsburgh)
Diana Manole (Toronto)
Irina Mashinski (New Jersey)
Peter O'Neil (Ireland)
Alexander Rytov (Moscow)
Matthew Salomon (Maryland)
Julius Dreyfsandt Zu Schlamm (Holland)
Claudia Serea (New York)
Gali-Dana Singer (Jerusalem)
Tatiana Vinogradova (Moscow)
Yevgeniy Volpert (New Jersey)
Those who would like to listen to the reading on Zoom, can PM the host, Nina Kossman, for a link.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 2020, 6:00 PM—Community Bookstore, Park Slope, Brooklyn
Scholastique Mukasonga presents "Igifu," with Martha Cooley
Scholastique Mukasonga joins us to present her new story collection, "Igifu," in conversation with Martha Cooley. Co-sponsored by Adelphi University's MFA program and Archipelago Books. This event will be translated, and will take place on Zoom. Register here: https://www.communitybookstore.net/igifu
Featuring George Elliott Clarke and Anna Yin
Oct 3, 15:00-16:30 the group session on Zoom -a summary with the above poets and open mic.
Videos for the past sessions can be viewed:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CN8-qpOlzk4
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HXu8g7fQWxo
SUNDAY, SEPTEMBER 27, 2020, 4-6 PM—Spoken Word Sundays Series
A Celebration of National Translation Month via Zoom and Facebook
Featuring Kristina Andersson Bicher, Mi Jialu, and Anton Yakovlev
Great Weather for Media and David Lawton are hosting a reading to celebrate National Translation Month at the Spoken Word Sundays Series on Zoom.
**To watch directly on zoom and to read on open mic, you must register for this event via Eventbrite (details to come) and you will be sent the link. This event will also be live-streamed to the great weather for MEDIA facebook page.
Kristina Andersson Bicher is a poet, essayist, and translator living in New York City. Her poems and translations have been published in Ploughshares, Colorado Review, Brooklyn Rail, Harvard Review, Hayden's Ferry Review, Plume, Denver Quarterly, Narrative, Painted Bride Quarterly, and others. She is author of the poetry collection She-Giant in the Land of Here-We-Go-Again (MadHat Press 2020) and Just Now Alive (2014). Her full-length translation of Swedish poet Marie Lundquist's I Walk Around Gathering Up My Garden for the Night was just published in the fall of 2020 by Bitter Oleander Press. She holds an MFA from Sarah Lawrence College.
Mi Jialu (born Jiayan Mi) is the author of Self-Fashioning and Reflexive Modernity in Modern Chinese Poetry, 1919-1949 (2004) and the editor of Poetry Across Oceans: An Anthology of Chinese American Diaspora Poetry (2014); works in Chinese include Deep Breaths (2018), and Poetics of the Body (forthcoming 2020). He is an Associate Professor in the departments of English and World Language & Cultures at The College of New Jersey. He is the Director of the Chinese program at the college.
Born in Moscow, Russia, Anton Yakovlev currently lives in Ridgewood, New Jersey. The Last Poet of the Village, a book of his translations of selected poems by Sergei Yesenin, was published in 2019 by Sensitive Skin Books. Yakovlev's latest poetry chapbook Chronos Dines Alone (SurVision Books, 2018) won the James Tate Poetry Prize. His poems have appeared in great weather for MEDIA, The New Yorker, The New Criterion, The Hopkins Review, and elsewhere.
MONDAY, SEPTEMBER 28, 2020—La Maison Française
Machines à écrire: Scholastique Mukasonga
In French. Registration information to come. In partnership with Archipelago Books. More details here.
WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 30, 2020, 6:00 PM—Transnational Literature Series at Brookline Booksmith
Scholastique Mukasonga with Maaza Mengiste
This event will take place virtually on Zoom and is free to attend, but registration is required. Click here to register. In partnership with Archipelago Books and City of Asylum Bookstore.


The Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation and Development (MRRD) through its National Solidarity Program (NSP) has completed dozens of development projects in Sar-e-Pul and Uruzgan provinces.
As many as 19 development projects have been implemented in Gosfandi district of Sar-e-Pul province at a total cost of AFN 20,198,000 with 10% contribution from the local communities.
According to NSP Provincial Manager in the province, these projects include the construction of a couple of school buildings consisted of six class rooms each, 350 meters of boundary walls for three school buildings, two community centers, a 90-meters long, a 23-meter aqueduct, a 68-meter retaining wall, a culvert and six public baths.
The projects have benefited 3211 families in the district.
In a separate report, the NSP has implemented 9 welfare projects in Shahid Asa, Khas Uruzgan and Gizab districts of Uruzgan provinces.
Benefiting 1765 families in different communities, the projects include a protection wall, culverts, retaining wall, hand pumps and graveling of a road.
The NSP has till date executed 1995 projects in Sar-e-Pul province and 1312 projects in Uruzgan provinces in various sectors including transport, water and sanitation, irrigation, power, livelihood and education. Work on hundreds of other projects is currently in progress in both provinces.


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Fantastic Finale
Summary Artist Profile
"Safe Nights at the Symphony" Protocol – Updated May 6, 2022
In an effort to create the safest environment possible while attending WMS/The Block performances, the Symphony's "Safe Nights" protocol remains in effect. Patrons of all ages will be asked to provide proof of vaccination or a negative Covid-19 test (taken within 72 hours of the concert) for entry into the concert halls. WMS recommends but no longer requires the wearing of masks at concerts and events. Those under the minimum age for vaccination are welcome with proof of a negative test.
Click here for details of the full Safe Nights at the Symphony health protocol for indoor gatherings.
Scott Speck conductor
Arturo Ziraldo viola
Join Scott Speck and your WMS for this 2021-2022 season finale featuring our charismatic principal violist performing one of the great concertos. You'll also journey into the fantastic, theatrical and macabre with some colorful music straight from the movies—Berlioz's epic Symphonie fantastique as heard in The Shining and The Exorcist plus Dukas's The Sorcerer's Apprentice from Disney's Fantasia.
Dukas The Sorcerer's Apprentice
Bax Phantasy for Viola and Orchestra, GP 235
Berlioz Symphonie fantastique
Tickets: start at just $19!
Students: student $10
Season Sponsor
Concert Sponsor
ARTURO ZIRALDO
American violist Arturo Ziraldo is an engaging performer who believes deeply in the power of art to change the world for the better. Mr. Ziraldo has performed across North America, Europe and Asia as a soloist, chamber musician, and orchestral leader. He has performed with orchestras such as the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, Seattle Symphony, Detroit Symphony, Orquesta Filarmonica de Jalisco and the Mainzer Virtuosi with whom he recorded the Four Seasons of Vivaldi and Piazzolla as Principal Violist. In addition, Mr. Ziraldo is an avid chamber musician as has performed in the Saugatuck, Kent/Blossom, Spoleto USA, Casalmaggiore, Nancy (France) and Deer Valley festivals. He is the founder of the Heartside Harmony Chamber Music Society which presents world-class chamber music performances featuring local artists while serving the community through diverse, inclusive concerts.
Mr. Ziraldo is the Principal Violist of the Kalamazoo and West Michigan Symphony Orchestras and has played as a member of the Grand Rapids Symphony and Baroque on Beaver festival. In addition, Mr. Ziraldo enjoys teaching and maintains a private studio as well as giving masterclasses and clinics and is a regular judge of the semi-final round of the Stulberg Competition.
Mr. Ziraldo's principal teachers were Roger Chase, Marcus Thompson and Igor Fedotov. He began his music studies on the cello at the age of ten and began studying viola in 1997. He performs on a viola by Scott Tribby in Kalamazoo, MI, 2005 and a bow by D. William Halsey, 2012.
Fri 06.24.22 | 7:30 pm
Frauenthal Theater
start at just $19!
student $10
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Saving One of LA's Vanishing 1920s Storybook Bungalow Courts
By Michael Ventre Mar 19, 2014, 4:29pm PDT
Gower Street runs north-south through Hollywood, past the boxy stages of Paramount Pictures, up through the Sunset-Gower intersection—dubbed "Gower Gulch" around the 1930s, after the Western extras who congregated there in cowboy and Indian garb searching for film work—and continues into the hills. There, it begins to snake through a residential neighborhood, where the houses are anything from a stucco ranch to an industrial cement fortress to a Spanish revival to a funky hippie hideaway.
Just before it ends at Beachwood Drive, Gower meanders past 2494, a bungalow court containing four cottages done in Storybook style, which was somewhat the local rage back in 1921 when owner-architect Charles B. Bell designed and built the first bungalow and when contractors Burrell & Hamrick constructed the other three in 1923. Although Storybook-style bungalow courts sprang up across Hollywood during that period and in the years after—along with bungalow courts done in other styles—many have met unhappy endings caused by neglect, alterations, or outright destruction.
When local resident Judy Marks saw a notice from the city tacked onto 2494 early last year declaring it uninhabitable, she was worried this would be another of those endings. A lover of architecture who had walked her dogs past the property for years, she often admired the two-part Dutch doors with strap hinges, the Juliette balconies, and the quaint shared courtyard layout, all design touches drawn from the Arts & Crafts and Tudor Revival movements.
This area in Hollywood was ground zero for fanciful thought when it came to home construction in the 1920s. The film business, and particularly the creative minds entrusted with bringing fantasy to the screen, was influential in the architecture of Hollywood. The Hollywoodland real estate development, begun by SH Woodruff and Tracy Shoults in 1923, set the tone for the entire neighborhood. It offered potential buyers a taste of movie magic with each home. Rolled eaves that extended below window heads, for instance, served as a stand-in for thatch on cottages seen in an early European adventure like Ivanhoe (1913).
Several houses still standing from the Hollywoodland project dot the hills below the sign today, offering whimsical Storybook elements like turrets, a crenellated square tower, jerkinhead gables, and even a menacing medieval face whose mouth is an entryway carved into an outside wall. The Hollywoodland Realty office was done in fairytale cottage style by John DeLario, the lead architect for the development. Stars, screenwriters, directors and producers have populated many of the residences over the years. Actor Humphrey Bogart once owned a Hollywoodland cottage complete with a drawbridge at the front door.
The bungalow court at 2494 wasn't part of the Hollywoodland development; it stands a few blocks south of the two large granite gateposts that were designed to provide a guarded entrance to Hollywoodland. But it was built around the same time and in the Storybook spirit. That feeling of Hollywood architectural nostalgia inspired Marks to campaign for the home's preservation, so she set out to have it designated a cultural landmark.
"I had been walking past those bungalows for the past 25 years," Marks said of the four small units—three are one-story, one is two-story—and two garage structures. "The notice said the tenants had to be out by the end of the month. This caused me grave concern because I thought those bungalows added so much to the local landscape. My greatest fear was that they'd be torn down and replaced with apartments."
Marks isn't a complete neophyte in this department. She happens to be an architectural preservationist with a master's degree from USC. She also has done work for Historic Resources Group, a Pasadena-based company that provides preservation-related services, and she had recently been hired to work on local landmark designations for a nearby college campus. So she had a rough idea of what needed to be done, but she had never done it on her own for a privately-owned property. And she had to consider the possibility of coming face-to-face with the bungalow court's owner, Mark Howell, who might not embrace her efforts.
Marks explained that she wanted to save this particular bungalow court not because it was the creation of one of that era's more prominent architects like Rudolph Schindler or (Charles) Greene and (Henry) Greene, but because it wasn't. She cited it as an example of vernacular architecture, done by builders with little to no training in design who adopt local aesthetics and use local materials.
"We are so lucky to live in a place where amazing architects did extraordinary work," she said. "But it is the one-offs, the handcrafted fulfillment of someone's architectural fantasy, that really intrigues me. The work of famous architects stands a chance against developers and Home Depot nightmare remodels. But the underdog—the no-name fairytale cottage groupings that comfortably grace a generous lot—those are the buildings that get lost with greed and short-sightedness." The Gower bungalows retain their original features and site plan.
The bungalow court in general is preservation-worthy because of its place in Hollywood history: it was a common type of multi-family building in Hollywood in the mid- to late 1920s and '30s, according to Kari Michele Fowler, a senior preservation planner at HRG. Because so many people were coming from other parts of the country to work in the entertainment industry, there was increased demand for affordable places to live.
"It is the one-offs, the hand-crafted fulfillment of someone's architectural fantasy, that really intrigues me. The work of famous architects stands a chance against developers and Home Depot nightmare remodels. But the underdog—the no-name fairy tale cottage groupings that comfortably grace a generous lot—those are the buildings that get lost with greed and short-sightedness."—Judy Marks
"It was a population in transition a lot of the time," Fowler said. "They didn't know how long they'd be here to work. So there was a need for temporary rentals." The bungalow courts were more like single-family than multi-family houses, offering private entrances, yards, and built-ins.
Bungalow courts may not be in danger of extinction, but there just aren't as many as there used to be. In 1955, there were 100 bungalow courts in the area of Hollywood bounded by Franklin Avenue to the north, Normandy to the east, La Brea to the west, and Sunset to the south. By 2008, according to a study conducted as part of a campaign to rehab four Hollywood bungalow courts, there were only 42. And, of those, only 26 were fully intact. Most of those bungalows were Craftsman or Spanish Colonial Revival in style. Storybook was far less common.
So Marks had all that in mind when she embarked on her own bungalow mission. She took photos and drew a site map, then used a national nomination Fowler had written for a bungalow court on North Serrano Boulevard as a model for her own historic-cultural monument application. (No preservation background is required to submit applications—in fact, the online application process is currently being revised to make it easier, said Lambert Giessinger, the historic preservation architect for the city's Office of Historic Resources.)
About three months after submitting the application, she was notified that the city's Cultural Heritage Commission—which is part of the Los Angeles Department of City Planning—would hear a presentation on the property to determine whether it would be suitable for historic-cultural monument status. Marks came prepared with a PowerPoint presentation about the bungalows' "character-defining features."
Some members of the commission did a site visit, accompanied by Mary Mallory of Hollywood Heritage, who deemed the bungalow court in question "pretty authentic to its period. It was basically unchanged from its original status." At its next meeting, the Commission voted, 3-0, to approve Marks' application. That meeting was noteworthy for another reason: it was when Marks finally met the owner of the property.
"I was nervous about meeting Mark, because I thought he was going to give me a hard time and start yelling at me," Marks explained. "He was actually very, very nice and was just curious what my motivation was. I told him that I've always loved those bungalows and didn't want to see them get torn down."
Howell is a partner and creative director at Industrial Creative, a boutique advertising agency specializing in entertainment. He said he fell in love with the "magical little property" and purchased it around 1998 from a woman who had owned it for decades. At the time Marks first spotted the "uninhabitable" notice from the city, Howell wasn't sure what he was going to do with the property. But he said he wasn't planning on razing it. "Knocking it down was never an option that was ever discussed," he said. "I think people saw the tenants relocating and assumed that because of the condition of the property a developer would buy the property and knock it down."
When Howell met Marks at that meeting in a room inside LA City Hall, he was skeptical. "I went to that meeting fully anticipating meeting an adversary in Judy," he explained. "I walked in thinking, 'Who is this Judy Marks? What's her agenda here?' But it turns out she's honorable and her goals were compatible with my own."
After approval by the Cultural Heritage Commission, the matter went to the City Council's Planning and Land Use Management Committee, where the recommendation for historic-cultural monument status passed on December 3. Now that the bungalow court has LA City historical status, Marks is helping Howell pursue state and national landmark status in order to qualify for tax breaks.
So the effort to preserve a storybook property has something of a storybook ending. "I never thought of myself as a community activist," Marks said. "But it was a great thrill."
· Preservation Watch archive [Curbed LA]
· Curbed Features archive [Curbed LA]
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Machine intelligence, cloud, produzione additiva, big data … Digital Made è un programma modulare che mira ad accelerare la trasformazione digitale nel settore della moda con il contributo di giovani uomini e donne.
The Fondazione Mondo Digitale has been working with art, design and technology for a number of years, now. In 2014, we organised the first edition of the Media Art Festival and introduced clothing developed in the Fab Lab (a collaboration with CNA and tailors) to the Maker Faire [see Maker Fashion: Alice at the Phyrtual Innovation Gym]. Over the course of the years, we have added new environments to the Phyrtual Innovation Gym: IoT Lab, Media Art Lab etc. Today, we are ready to provide a contribution to the Fashion Education sector, to mould beauty and new technology, because beauty is not a luxury. It is a common good, that must be ethical, sustainable and accessible to everyone.
The project will be kicked off with a special event. In fact, as part of the Altaroma event that will be held on January 24-27, 2019 at the Prati Bus District, the Fondazione Mondo Digitale is promoting "Fashion Digital Made" to launch digital transformation in the fashion sector and develop new professional profiles. The event will include the Fashion Hub 4.0 with a live show and the production of custom-tailored accessories with digital manufacturing devices and the Fashion Digital Night, an original catwalk of wearable technology projects from 14 countries around the world.
Project Digital Made will kick off with a special event, a fashion show at Altaroma 2019 dedicated to wearable technology.
Open contests for group or individual participation by artists, creatives, designers, engineers, researchers, innovators, makers, stylists, students, etc. The projects selected by a commission of experts will receive opportunities for visibility at FMD events.
The techno-fashion element becomes a transversal thread to educate the new generations in an exciting and innovative manner to fashion beauty and culture, as well as to explore the role of clothing in inclusion processes.
A 40-hour school-work programme to experiment with digital technology in the design and fashion sectors, under the supervision of professionals.
Hi-Tech Summer Camp for young boys and girls.
Days dedicated to various formats (strategy workout, hackathon, creativity jam, etc.) focusing on education and synergies between different players in the fashion world. Exhibition of productions and collections selected through contests.
As part of the Altaroma Fashion Week , which will be held on January 24-27, 2019 at the Prati Bus District, the Fondazione Mondo Digitale is promoting Fashion Digital Made to accelerate digital transformation in the fashion sector, promote Italian SMEs and develop new professional profiles and competences amongst generations.
A hood that monitors our heartbeat and uses lights and colours to communicate our moods, fibre optic stitching, clothes that produce sounds when touched and electronic prostheses that amplify perception. There are 40 projects designed and produced by young stylists, designers, developers and makers from 14 countries around the world that were selected through an international call to participate in the Fashion Digital Night on January 25, 2019 at 9 pm. A special catwalk dedicated to the new frontiers of wearable technology in four main areas: wearable technology, digital manufacturing, bio materials and smart brides.
On January 24-27, 2019, the Prati Bus District will host the Fashion Hub 4.0, a temporary exhibition organised by the Fondazione Mondo Digitale, to reveal the secrets and potential of new technology for the fashion sector: live demos with 3D printers, the production of custom-tailored accessories with digital manufacturing devices and immersive experiences to relive the excitement of the great fashion shows, from Milan to New York.
At the end of the event, the Fondazione Mondo Digitale will launch a new challenge for designers and creatives: develop prototypes of intelligent clothes and accessories to present to a leading sector company. The initiative is promoted by the Fondazione Mondo Digitale, in collaboration with Altaroma and other partners, including: 3DiTALY, Fashion Concept Web Model Agency, Trotec, Moodart Fashion School, Accademia Italiana, ITmakES, Fabricademy and the Italian Consulate General in Barcelona.
The Fashion Digital Night, the Roman event that launches digital transformation into the fashion sector through the creativity of young men and women, will feature 40 wearable technology projects from 14 countries. The prototypes come from Argentina, Chile, Greece, Italy, Mexico, Netherlands, Peru, Russia, Spain, Turkey, United Kingdom, United States and Venezuela. Eleven projects were produced by professional work teams, while the others were presented by young hi-tech professionals.
Consolato generale d'Italia a Barcellona.
As part of the Altaroma Fashion Week , which will be held on January 24-27, 2019 at the Prati Bus District, the Fondazione Mondo Digitale has organised a temporary exhibit to reveal the secrets and potential of new technology for the fashion sector: live demos with 3D printers, the production of custom-tailored accessories with digital manufacturing devices and immersive experiences to relive the excitement of the great fashion shows, from Milan to New York.


Description: Crunch Fitness is a business categorized under health clubs studios & gymnasiums, which is part of the larger category physical fitness facilities. Crunch Fitness is located at the address 27741 Crown Valley Pkwy in Mission Viejo, California 92691-6532. The Manager is Tracy Antoniewicz who can be contacted at (949)582-8181.
Location & access map for "Crunch Fitness"


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Wiley's $2M 'Rumors of War' is an edition of three. Where will the other two go?
Ned Oliver
Artist Kehinde Wiley unveiled his 27-foot-tall sculptural response to Richmond's Confederate monuments at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, which purchased the first of three editions of the statue. (Ned Oliver/Virginia Mercury)
Kehinde Wiley unveiled his 27-foot-tall response to Richmond's Confederate monuments in Richmond Tuesday. According to his agreement with the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, which paid $2 million for the bronze sculpture, he can cast two more full-size editions.
Where would the artist like to see them go?
"It's a really important question to ask," Wiley said Tuesday. "Obviously the South has any number of these types of monuments and it's a really great replacement act or confrontation with history. But it's also kind of cool to see it in places like New York, where it's just like, 'What the fuck is that?' It's like, Times Square, it fell out of the sky. And there's kind of a weirdness to it, which as an artist I kind of enjoy as well."
Wiley also floated a potential international destination. "You know, Africa, might be interesting. I do a lot of work in West Africa and building art studios there. There's a lot of promise. I don't want to give any one location, but I could totally see this being a series of interventions that has legs."
The director of the gallery that represents Wiley, Sean Kelly, said he's already been approached by institutions interested in purchasing the second and third editions, which have not yet been cast.
"We really wanted it to be unveiled here as a permanent work before we started any further conversations," he said. "I'm almost certain they'll either go to major museums or public institutions — hopefully around the world."
Wiley said he was inspired to create the work during a 2016 visit to Richmond, where the VMFA was hosting a travelling exhibit of his work. His first monumental-scale sculpture, it depicts a black man with dreadlocks astride a muscular horse, closely mimicking a sculpture of Confederate general J.E.B. Stuart a few blocks from the museum on Richmond's Monument Avenue.
That fact, says VMFA Director Alex Nyerges, means that "regardless of whether the second and third will ever be cast and installed, no place on the planet is more appropriate or more special than right here on Arthur Ashe Boulevard here in Richmond Virginia."
As for the $2 million price tag, which the museum has not previously disclosed but made public in response to a Freedom of Information Act Request, Nyerges stressed that the purchase was funded through endowment earnings and private donations rather than tax dollars, as with all the museum's acquisitions.
The sum compares favorably to other art on the market, Nyerges said, noting that a 10-foot cast balloon animal by Jeff Koons once solid for nearly $60 million. ("And I'll say this, it's not even art," he said of Koons' work.)
It's also in line with recent and past spending on Confederate monuments. UNC-Chapel Hill agreed this year to pay the Sons of Confederate Veterans $2.5 million to transport and preserve a Confederate statue known as Silent Sam, which was torn down by protesters in 2018. The original Stuart statue that inspired Wiley, itself a copy of another artist's work, cost $30,000 in 1907, according to the Richmond Times-Dispatch — just south of $1 million in today's dollars.
Wiley's "Rumors of War" is the most museum's most high-profile acquisition by an African American artist and the latest in a more than decade-long effort by museum leaders to increase the diversity of its collections.
The museum says it's been spending 28 percent of its roughly $7.5 million annual budget for acquisitions on African and African American art. In comparison, Nyerges notes an artnet News investigation found work by African American artists comprised just 2.37 percent of all acquisitions at 30 prominent major museums.
That VMFA's focus has coincided with a broader shift in the art world that has seen the prominence of black artists rise and the value of their works skyrocket.
"The market for African American art — I've been a museum director for almost 40 years and been collecting African American art at my museums for the entire time — has gone from being absolutely completely ignored and a nonexistent market on a national scale to being, in 2019, probably the hottest segment of the market," Nyerges said. "The artists are finally seeing the benefit in their lifetime. Many have passed on and never saw it. And that's virtually criminal."
It's a shift that's evident in the VMFA's own collections, he said: The museum purchased a six-foot-tall oil painting by Wiley in 2006 for $25,000. Today, a similar piece by Wiley would be 30 times more expensive.
Wiley called the museum's efforts to correct for longstanding underrepresentation and bias important, particular for the next generation of artists it might help inspire.
"As a kid going to art museums, I loved the art," he said. "But the level of, the ability to relate to it and feel personally invested in the stories was limited. And I think that having work like my own and any number of artists who are now in the collection, it allows young potential artists to walk in there and engage on a personal level. It's consequential at this point."
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Ned, a Lexington native, has a decade's worth of experience in journalism, beginning at The News-Gazette in Lexington, and including stints at the Berkshire Eagle, in Berkshire County, Mass., and the Times-Dispatch and Style Weekly in Richmond. He also has the awards to show for it, including taking a pair of first-place honors at the Virginia Press Association awards earlier this year for investigative reporting and feature writing. He is a graduate of Bard College at Simon's Rock, in Great Barrington, Mass. Contact him at [email protected]
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225 U.S. 326 - Interstate Commerce Commission v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
225 US 326 Interstate Commerce Commission v. Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company
32 S.Ct. 742
56 L.Ed. 1107
INTERSTATE COMMERCE COMMISSION and the United States, Appts.,
BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD COMPANY, Pennsylvania Railroad Company, et al.
No. 719.
Argued January 12 and 15, 1912.
The question in the case is whether railroad companies may charge a different rate for the transportation of coal to a given point to railroads than to other shippers, the coal being intended for the use of the railroads as fuel.
The Interstate Commerce Commission held that a charge of a different rate was an unlawful discrimination against other shippers, and made an order requiring a cessation of such charge. The execution of the order was enjoined by the commerce court.
A number of railroads are petitioners and we shall refer to them as the companies.
The companies attack in their petition the order of the Interstate Commerce Commission on several grounds, which may be summarized as follows: The movement of coal traffic from the point of origin to the point or points of junction to receiving carriers is different from the movement of coal to be delivered locally at such junction points.
The traffic is not governed by the rates published under the act to regulate commerce, which apply to the traffic in coal not intended for use by consuming railroads, because the charges go to the carrier itself. If the coal be shipped under a through rate applicable to other coal the actual rate upon which it moves to the rails of the consuming road is the division of the through rate going to the roads over which the traffic moves to the junction point with the rails of the consuming road. The division of the rate beyond that point goes to the consuming road itself.
All but an inconsiderable part of such coal is necessary and intended for use as fuel in locomotives. The fueling stations are often many, and are located at convenient points along the line at varying distances from the junction points, and it is not possible at the time of shipment to tell at what point a carload of coal will be needed. If made on a through rate they must be billed and transported to a point to which the through rate is published. Even if a centrally located distributing yard for fuel be established, and all shipments billed on a through rate to that yard, there must be a reverse movement of the coal between that point and the point of junction.
The fact that fuel coal on the line of a consuming carrier is not governed by the published rates makes the commercial competitive conditions different between such coal and other coal. The value to the shipper is not the same or measured by the same conditions. There is no competition between the fuel coal and other coal.
Because of the circumstances and conditions differentiating the traffic in fuel coal the companies have for a number of years past published and filed, as required by law, separate tariffs of the rates to be charged and received by them for the transportation of such coal from points of origin to the junction point of delivery to the consuming carrier. The tariffs vary in their definitions or descriptions of the traffic to which the rates apply, but in each case the traffic is such that it would move in reality, not under the published through rates, but would move under the special conditions which have been stated. Some of the tariffs apply only to coal intended for use and used for locomotive fuel. The rates named in the tariffs are open and available to all producers and shippers, if the shipments be made under the special conditions stated.
On January 4, 1910, the Interstate Commerce Commission, of its own motion, instituted an inquiry under an order of that date entitled, 'In the Matter of Restrictive Rates,' Docket No. 3053, making the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsylvania Railroad Companies parties to the proceeding. The other companies from time to time were admitted as interveners. Testimony was taken, argument heard, and the Commission entered the order complained of in which the Commission required the companies to cease and desist, on or before May 15, 1911, and for a period of two years to abstain from using the tariffs on fuel coal stated.
The Commission erred in its construction of the act to regulate commerce in that it held the facts and circumstances found by it did not distinguish fuel coal from other coal, and that the different conditions of their transportation were not in law circumstances and conditions necessary or proper to be considered in applying the provisions of § 2 of the act.
The Commission erred in holding that the rates on fuel coal under § 2 should be no more nor less than rates for the shipment of other coal from the same point of origin for local delivery at the junction point, the circumstances and conditions showing conclusively that the services done in the transportation of them, respectively, are not alike nor substantially similar, within the meaning of the act to regulate commerce.
The Commission erred in holding that fuel coal should be transported under through rates, as other coal, and that it was unlawful for carriers to publish or charge any rates other than the through rates agreed upon going to the line of the terminal carrier, to be used by it in its business as a common carrier. And that, as the charges on such terminal carrier's line must be borne by it, the Commission erred in holding that such circumstance did not differentiate the traffic in such coal from the traffic in other coal, and did not constitute a substantial difference under § 2 in the conditions of transportation.
The commission erred in holding, further, that any difference in the tariff for fuel coal, and not applicable to all other coal, was unjustly discriminatory, in violation of § 3.
It appears on the face of the report of the Commission, it is alleged, that it proceeded in making the order upon its view of §§ 2 and 3; that it did not find it necessary to consider any specific tariff or tariffs or the rates named thereby; that the difference in conditions affecting the respective tariffs could not be considered as distinguishing them. And it is alleged that the findings of the Commission are findings of law, as well in regard to the violation of the 3d section of the act as in regard to violation of the 2d section. Irreparable damages is alleged, and the alternatives presented of desisting from the carriage of fuel coal at the expense of the loss of large and valuable revenues, or accepting divisions of through rates, on both fuel coal and other coal, which will give the companies, as originating or intermediate carriers, a much lower compensation for both classes of traffic than they are now receiving and would continue to receive but for the order of the Commission.
In either case the loss will amount to many thousand dollars. There will be loss, it is alleged, to the producers of fuel coal who have sold coal under contracts for future delivery at junction points, and loss also to producers and shippers who depend on the railroad-fuel business to enable them to operate their mines at all.
A final decree is prayed for the annulment of the order and a temporary injunction enjoining and suspending it pending final hearing and determination.
The petition was supported by affidavits made by a number of coal producers and shippers.
The answer of the Interstate Commerce Commission is directed principally at the third paragraph of the petition, and charges against it as follows: Its allegations relate to comparisons between coal, on the one hand, consigned to a railroad company, and coal, on the other hand, consigned to some other party. The former is called railroad-fuel coal, the latter is known as commercial coal. In each instance, however, regardless of the consignee, the point of origin and the point of destination of the shipments are the same, but the rate charged for transporting fuel coal is much less than the rate exacted for the transportation of commercial coal over the same line, in the same direction, and between the same points. Schedules or tariffs providing for such differences in rates have been heretofore established and put in force and are now maintained and enforced by the companies.
Where the destination is a junction which is a point of connection between the lines of two or more of the companies, the movement of coal, fuel and commercial, is the same, except that at such destination the cars containing fuel coal are ordinarily placed upon what is called an exchange track, which is used in common by the connecting carriers, while the cars containing commercial coal are usually placed upon the side track of the delivering carrier. The cost of delivering both kinds of coal is practically the same, depending upon the nature of the delivery facilities furnished by the companies. Therefore, the cost of delivering fuel coal may be and is less than the cost of delivering the commercial coal, but the reverse is sometimes the case. It is alleged, however, that such differences are similar to differences pertaining to some shipments of commercial coal compared with other shipments.
Generally what is called 'free time' is allowed by the companies, that is to say, a certain period of time for unloading the coal is allowed. If the coal is unloaded within that time, no charge is made for the use of the car. If that time be exceeded, a charge of $1 for each day or fraction of a day in excess of the 'free time,' known as a demurrage charge, is exacted by the companies, while the compensation paid by one carrier to another carrier for the use of a car owned by the latter is 25 cents a day. Where the coal transported is fuel coal no 'free time' is allowed, nor is such demurrage charge exacted or collected. These differences, however, are offset, and much more than offset, by the differences in the rates of transportation between the different coals.
Where the destination of the shipment of coal is not a point of connection between the lines of two or more of the companies, the circumstances and conditions pertaining to the transportation and delivery of coal are the same as above described, except that at such destination there are no exchange tracks used in common by two or more of the companies. Where the shipment passes over more than one line of railway to such destination, delivery by one of the companies to another is made in the same way and under similar circumstances and conditions, regardless of whether the coal be fuel or commercial.
The lower rates established by the companies and applied by them to the transportation of fuel coal are not open alike to all shippers, but are, by reason of the schedules and tariffs above mentioned and by reason of the practices of the companies, confined to shippers of fuel coal, and denied to shippers of all other coal, including commercial coal.
The Commission denies the errors attributed to it, and alleges that its report shows as follows: 'We have never held that the local rate to the junction point must be paid on shipments that are going beyond that point. What we have said is that the local rate to the junction point shall be the same for all shippers to that point, and that the through charges on shipments going beyond the junction point shall be alike for all shippers to the same destination.
The Commission alleges (somewhat singularly, on information and belief) that it considered all facts, circumstances, and conditions pertinent to the subject-matter of the order, including degrees of difference and distinction, and each and all of the tariffs and rates of the companies which are affected by the order, and did not entertain the opinion attributed to it, that the facts, circumstances, and conditions affecting the particular traffic could not be lawfully considered by it as distinguishing the traffic in railroad-fuel coal from the traffic in other coal.
It is alleged that the traffic is interstate, and that fuel coal, as compared with other coal, including commercial coal, is a like kind of traffic; that the services performed by the companies in connection with the transportation of fuel coal, as compared to the services performed by them in connection with the transportation of other coal, including commercial coal, are alike and contemporaneous, and are performed under substantially similar circumstances and conditions. It is hence alleged that the companies are violating §§ 2 and 3 of the interstate commerce act [24 Stat. at L. 380, chap. 104, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3155].
The final allegation of the Commission is that the matters are within its jurisdiction, and that therefore the correctness of its findings is not open to review in the commerce court or any other court.
Mr. P. J. Farrell for the Interstate Commerce Commission.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 333-336 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. W. Irvine Cross and Hugh L. Bond, Jr., for appellees.
Assistant Attorney General Denison and Mr. Blackburn Esterline, Special Assistant to the Attorney General, for the United States.
Statement by Mr. Justice McKenna:
Mr. Justice McKenna, after stating the case as above, delivered the opinion of the court:
The case involves the consideration of §§ 2 and 3 of the interstate commerce act [24 Stat. at L. 380, chap. 104, U. S. Comp. Stat. 1901, p. 3155]. Section 2 provides that if any common carrier shall directly or indirectly charge or receive from any person or persons a greater or less compensation than it charges or receives from any other person or persons 'for doing for him or them a like and contemporaneous service in the transportation of a like kind of traffic, under substantially similar circumstances and conditions, such common carrier shall be deemed guilty of unjust discrimination. . . .'
Section 3 is directed against giving preferences or advantages to persons, localities, or descriptions of traffic in any respect whatsoever, and subjecting any person, locality, or traffic 'to any undue or unreasonable prejudice or disadvantage in any respect whatsoever.'
The companies contend that the Commission applied these sections to the facts found by the Commission, none of them being disputed, and that therefore the findings of the Commission are conclusions of law. On the other hand, the Commission charges that its findings are those of fact and exclusively within its jurisdiction, and not open to review by the commerce court or any court. Many of its assignments of error are expressions of this view. The other assignments assert in various ways and with many shades of particularity that the commerce court erred in disagreeing with the Commission in regard to the traffics in the different coals, not only in its decision, as indicated in its injunction, in the matters affecting such traffic, but in substituting its judgment for that of the Commission.
The facts are certainly undisputed; or, to put it differently, the circumstances and conditions which determined the order are certainly not in controversy; and while certain general inferences are disputed which may be called inferences of fact, yet we think 'power to make the order, and not the mere expediency of having made it, is the question' presented. Interstate Commerce Commission v. Illinois C. R. Co. 215 U. S. 452, 470, 54 L. ed. 280, 287, 30 Sup. Ct. Rep. 155. In other words, that the question presented by the petition is that the order of the Commission was not merely administrative, but proceeded from a construction of §§ 2 and 3 as applicable to the conditions which affected the traffic in the different kinds of coal, and that the different charges for transportation constituted violations of those sections. The commerce court, therefore, had jurisdiction of the petition and jurisdiction to enjoin the order of the Commission if the court considered that the order would cause irreparable injury. Section 3 of the act creating the commerce court gives that court the power to 'enjoin, set aside, annul, or suspend any order of the Interstate Commerce Commission, in a suit brought in the court against the United States.' Whether the court erred in its judgment is now to be inquired into.
In its most abstract form the simple statement of the controversy is whether the companies may charge a different rate for the transportation of fuel coal to a given point than for the transportation of commercial coal to the same point. But when we depart from the abstract, complexities appear and attention is carried beyond the consideration of points equally distant, shippers equally circumstanced, and traffic affected by similar circumstances and conditions. It is asserted that there are disparties between the traffics and qualifying circumstances which the Commission disregarded, and, in error, held that traffic in fuel coal could not be distinguished from the traffic in commercial coal.
The Commission insists upon the simplicity of the problem and contends that there is nothing in the conditions of the traffic which dispenses with the clear legal duty of the companies under the interstate commerce act to carry for all shippers alike. The Commission says: 'We have never held that the local rate to the junction point must be paid on shipments that are going beyond that point. What we have said is that the local rate to the junction point shall be the same for all shippers to that point, and that the through charges on shipments going beyond the junction point shall be alike for all shippers to the same destination.' Its position, thus expressed, the Commission has supplemented, we are told by the companies, by its Conference Ruling No. 324, published June 19, 1911, as follows: 'Division on company coal.—Upon inquiry, held, that it is unlawful for carriers to make special and discriminatory divisions of joint rates upon locomotive fuel as between an originating or participating carrier and a purchasing carrier. In the division of joint rates a railroad must be treated precisely as any other shipper is treated, and the Commission will regard any special division as a device to defeat the published rate. All divisions upon fuel coal must be made in good faith without respect to the fact that one of the carriers is the purchaser of such coal.'
The issue of principle between the Commission and the companies is very accurately presented, and we come to consider whether there are differences in the traffic of fuel coal which distinguish it from traffic in commercial coal, and which, as contended by the companies, make the traffic dissimilar in circumstances and conditions, or whether the opposite is true, as decided by the Commission.
The circumstances and conditions which may so far be considered as distinguishing traffics so as to take from different transportation charges the vice of preference have been described by this court. In Wight v. United States, 167 U. S. 512, 518, 42 L. ed. 258, 259, 17 Sup. Ct. Rep. 822, it is said: 'It was the purpose of the section [2] to enforce equality between shippers, and it prohibits any rebate or other device by which two shippers, shipping over the same line, the same distance, under the same circumstances of carriage, are compelled to pay different prices therefor.' These words are given more precision by the declaration 'that the phrase, 'under substantially similar circumstances and conditions,' as found in § 2, refers to matters of carriage, and does not include competition.' And this was repeated in Interstate Commerce Commission v. Alabama Midland R. Co. 168 U. S. 161, 166, 42 L. ed. 421, 423, 18 Sup. Ct. Rep. 45. The facts in both cases give significance to the rulings. In the first case the charges to the shippers were the same, but one was given extra facilities; in the second case the extraneous effect of competition was excluded as an element in the application of the section. There is also example in Interstate Commerce Commission v. Delaware, L. & W. R. Co. 220 U. S. 235, 55 L. ed. 448, 31 Sup. Ct. Rep. 392. It was there held that a carrier could not look beyond goods tendered to it for transportation in carload lots 'to the ownership of the shipment' as the basis for determining the application of its established rates. Do the circumstances and conditions in this case give a greater power of discrimination and justify the lower charge to railroad-fuel coal? It is admitted that the fact that a railroad is the shipper or consumer is not a circumstance or condition that affects the carriage, nor can the different uses to which the coal may be put; and it would seem necessarily that any other extraneous condition or circumstance could have no greater potency. Once depart from the clear directness of what relates to the carriage only and we may let in considerations which may become a cover for preferences. May a carrier look beyond the service it is called upon to render to the attitude and interest of the shippers before, or their attitude and interest after, transportation? It must be kept in mind that it is not the relation of one railroad to another with which we have any concern, but the relation of a railroad to its patrons, who are entitled to equality of charges. See Pennsylvania R. Co. v. International Coal Min. Co. L.R.A.(N.S.) ——, 97 C. C. A. 383, 173 Fed. 1.
But what are the differences in the traffics which are asserted by the companies? We have already condensed them from the pleadings, but we may use the expression of their ultimate elements by the companies, omitting, for the time being, the physical differences in facilities. They say: 'When the railroad-fuel coal is consigned to the junction point, as provided in the present system of tariffs, the circumstances and conditions that differentiate this traffic from the traffic in commercial coal consigned to the same point are:
'1. The fuel coal so shipped is not in competition with the commercial coal consigned to the same point.
'2. It is in competition with other coals coming upon the line of the consuming road at other points, with which the commercial coal is not in competition.
'3. The transportation service is different, in that commercial coal at the junction point has reached the point of use, while railroad-fuel coal reaching the consuming railroad at the junction point is still subject to a transportation service before reaching the point of use,—a transportation under the 'commodities clause,' and not under tariff.'
These elements the Commission disregarded, it is contended, and that while it found a similarity in the traffics, it did not consider or discuss the two most important features of difference, 'the two features' which make the traffic unlike; that is, that railroad-fuel coal 'does not come into competition with the commercial coal, and is in competition with coals coming on the railroad's line at other points.' But such features do not affect the carriage, qualify or alter the essential service, which is to get an article from one place to another. The greater or less inducement to seek the service is not the service. Such competition, therefore, is as extraneous to the transportation as the instances in the cases cited. And equally so is the other 'feature' that the fuel coal may be destined for consumption beyond the junction point. The circumstances do not alter the fact that it and commercial coal go to the same point, and are delivered at the same point. There is, it is true, a difference in the manner of delivery, depending upon the difference in the facilities possessed by the railroads and other consignees.
The Commission, as we have seen, especially disclaimed holding that the rate to the junction point must be paid on shipments going beyond that point, and insisted that it only held that the charges to that point should be the same to all shippers, and rates through that point should also be the same to all shippers. And the Commission said that the testimony established that the service as to the coals was alike when they go beyond the junction point. The Commission, therefore, considered alone the service, disregarding circumstances and conditions which were mere accidents of it, and had relation only to the respective shippers.
But the companies say, in criticism of the reasoning and order of the Commission, they are permitted to do indirectly what they want to do directly; that an easy way of evasion of the prohibiting order is to make a joint rate from the point of origin of the fuel coal to its points of consumption, and thereby be enabled 'to charge a lower rate for the fuel coal than for the commercial coal between the same points.' And further, in display of the easiness with which this can be accomplished and 'how readily the Commission's order lends itself to manipulation of rates,' they say that they have only to publish a nominal delivery point beyond the real delivery point, publish a rate to that point which they do not intend to charge, and call their actual rate to the junction point, based on the special circumstances and conditions, a 'division.' They then ask if 'the Commission can so easily juggle a rate for a good purpose, will not ingenious traffic agents and coal operators do the same for their own perverse ends?' If such a situation, artfully produced, be used as a device for giving preferences, the Commission might be able to find some means to defeat it. At present we must regard its possibility as relevant as exhibiting a misconception of the Commission's purpose. The Commission has not said what the rate should be, nor has it said, as we have seen, that the local rate to the junction point should be the same as the rate beyond that point. The Commission has ordered equality, and struck down what it deemed to be preferential charges, even though they were made under formal tariffs. If there may be legal or illegal evasion of the order, we may wonder at the controversy. If the difference between the effect of the order and what the companies can do or want to do be, as is contended, a 'question of words,'—a 'question of the nomenclature to be used in tariffs,'—the order of the Commission may still be valid. Tariffs are but forms of words, and certainly the Commission, in the exercise of its powers to administer the interstate commerce act, can look beyond the forms to what caused them and what they are intended to cause and do cause.
There are other contentions or rather phases of those that we have considered, and which seek to further emphasize the strength of competition as a circumstance or condition differentiating the traffic. For instance, it is urged that the shipment of the fuel coal to a particular railroad 'for the use of that railroad' makes special the traffic. And, further, that 'a railroad is not a person,' but is 'rather in the nature of a geographical division and extends through long distances.' Pushing the argument or illustrations farther, it is urged that a railroad company may be distinguished from the physical thing, the railroad itself, and may be a locality where a commodity is used, like 'a river, a county, or a city,' and be entitled to preferential rates to accommodate competitive conditions. The Import Rate Case (Texas & P. R. Co. v. Interstate Commerce Commission) 162 U. S. 197, 40 L. ed. 940, 5 Inters. Com. Rep. 405, 16 Sup. Ct. Rep. 666, is invoked as analogous. We cannot accept the likeness nor the distinctions which are said to establish it. The railroad company cannot be put out of view as a favored shipper, and we see many differences between such a shipper, receiving coal for use in its locomotives, and a nation, as the destination of goods from other nations, for distribution throughout its expanse, on through rates from points of origin.
The point is made that 'the Commission's method of filing fuel-coal rates is illegal under § 6 of the interstate commerce act and under the Elkins act [32 Stat. at L. 847, chap. 708, U. S. Comp. Stat. Supp. 1911, p. 1309],' and the later act and § 6 are quoted in illustration. The rather vague argument which is urged to support the point lands in the proposition that the right to violate the law as to preference in rates is justified by the law in its requirement of the filing of schedules of rates. However, counsel say that 'it all goes back to the same principle' 'dealt with under point 1.' We have sufficiently discussed point 1.
The decree of the Commerce Court is reversed and the case remanded, with directions to dismiss the petition.


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Q: conditions for navigation between viewcontrollers I am working with the project of ios and doing well in it. But now i stuck at one place where i am having three views (Say 1stview, 2ndview, 3rdview). I am navigating to second view from first view and third view using the code line below.
[self.navigationController pushViewController:first view animated:YES];

How can i check on second view wheather i am navigating from first view or third view. So that i can use particular condition on it.
 So please help me out regarding this issue. Your help will be much appreciable.

A: Take a variable in second View controller. When you are creating the object of it, set proper value into it. Later on when it will get pushed, you can use that value to take proper decisions.
In the file of FirstViewController you will write below lines:
SecondController *controller = [[SecondController alloc]init];
controller.flag = 1; //That means you came here from viecontroller 1
[self.navigationController pushViewController:controller animated:YES];

In the file of ThirdViewcontroller you will write below lines:
SecondController *controller = [[SecondController alloc]init];
controller.flag = 3; //That means you came here from viecontroller 3
[self.navigationController pushViewController:controller animated:YES];

A: Try to arrange thing so that the 2ndView doesn't know about 1stView or 3rdView, but instead just changes it's behavior according to how it was configured. So, let's say that when you're navigating to 2ndView from 1stView, 2nd should display with a green background and when you get there from 3rd it should use blue instead. Rather than telling 2nd which controller preceded it, have the preceding controller just tell 2nd what background color to use. Same goes for any other aspect of 2ndView's behavior.
The benefit of doing it this way is that you can change 1st or 3rd without having to change anything in 2nd, and you can later add a 4thView or 5thView that also use 2ndView without having to change 2ndView.

A: Implement the method – navigationController:willShowViewController:animated: from the UINavigationControllerDelegate Protocol Reference. Inside this method you can check the navigation stack to get the current view controller using several properties of UINavigationController. An example would be access the visibleViewController property.
As @Apurv pointed out you need some sort of identifier mechanism to be able to know which view controller the call came from. e.g.: viewController.view.tag

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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"I love getting the newsletter every day." -Jenny
Our Being Pregnant Experts
Robin Elise Weiss
Author of several pregnancy books and mother of seven
Kip Kozlowski
Certified nurse-midwife and founder of the Greenhouse Birth...
Ann Douglas
Author of 28 books on pregnancy and motherhood
Don't name your kid after an evil historic figure.
A New Jersey couple named their son Adolf Hitler Campbell and were upset when the grocery store wouldn't write "Happy Birthday Adolf Hitler" on a birthday cake. Maybe they thought they were being clever, but that poor kid's going to have a heck of a time trying to get dates.
Shared by NicoO2000 on 12/17/08
I don't mind unusual names, probably because mine was so ordinary. However, naming a child Adolf Hitler is not cool. There are just certain lines you don't cross and that's one of them. What in the world could those parents have been thinking? And how come someone at the hospital didn't say something about it when it was written out?
By Kristy101081
This is horrible. I hate when the child is saddled with one of these "unique names," yet the parents are usually named something completely generic, like Ashlee and Pete naming their son Bronx. They might think it's so hip and clever, but it's the child that has to walk around with the name for the rest of his life. Although Adolf Hitler makes Bronx sound normal.
By angie805
What?!? That's crazy!
By aliciak
You have to wonder what people are thinking when they do something like that. Do they want to invite ridicule. But, even worse is the fate they've forced upon their son -- to be named after one of the most hated (i can't even say people) in modern times.
By VictoriaB
I'm so glad you posted this story. These parents are sick naming children Adolf Hitler (and one other daughter has the middle name Aryan Nation). If you're an adult and you want that name, go for it. But don't do that to a child!
By LMAYO9