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Transgressive Technologies
Posted on November 5, 2016 by leslie
Brave New World by Chris Smith, Out of Chicago
Mark Wegierski examines the key issues
There are a number of highly transgressive technologies on the horizon of development, which may prove to be the most fundamental challenges ever to the notion of a more stable human nature, and thereby, to what can seen to be "natural" to humankind. Such technologies can be a vehicle for the almost indefinite perpetuation of "the unnatural," never allowing today's societies to "catch their breath" and return to earlier, sounder bearings. For example, in the book, Posthuman Bodies (edited by Judith Halberstam, Indiana University Press, 1995), a group of ultra-radical, postmodern writers and scholars looks forward to the deconstruction of actual physical gender which could occur as a result of advancing technology. They talk of such things as men literally being able to bear children, as well as of a "transgendered" existence across a "spectrum" of variants. A "posthuman" artistic movement, likewise, depicts gross interpenetrations of machine and man. In in one of his more recent books, Our Posthuman Future: Consequences of the Biotechnology Revolution (Farrar, Straus, and Giroux, 2002) the uber-pundit Francis Fukuyama has provided a profound warning of some of the social dangers of genetic engineering.
The Internet is a primary focus for technological advance today. It is difficult to see what the longer-term intellectual impact of the Internet might be. While on the one hand, it could encourage the flourishing of varied philosophical debate, it could just as easily encourage various kinds of depravity. Or simply serve to perpetuate the current consumerist, materialistic society.
Further in the future is the prospect of Virtual Reality (VR). The ultimate goal of today's massive, frenzied attempts to develop VR is often semi-jokingly said to be the prospect of virtual sex with pop-icon Marilyn Monroe. VR (perhaps similar to the so-called "holodeck" which appeared in Star Trek: The Next Generation) can be understood as highly addictive electronic stimulation. The incredible popularity of Nintendo and similar videogames, with what could be considered "primitive" technology — relative to what awaits in the future — is an obvious warning as to the spiritual disfigurement that could result. The 1999 hit-movie, The Matrix, darkly portrayed the combination of the ultimate extension of VR and Artificial Intelligence (AI), both now in embryonic form.
VR offers the idea of solipsistic self-creation where the notion of human nature and natural limits has been utterly abolished. The computer-generated images often purveyed in current-day sci-fi movies (and television programs, especially the new crop of "cyber" programs for children) are often grotesquely unnatural, transgressive, and horrific, especially if considered in relation to those sights regularly to be seen in the human and natural worlds. They strongly project a gnostic, pseudo-spiritual transcendence of the material world.
VR is obviously linked to the postmodern (or hypermodern) notions of radical autonomy, and of continual self-construction and reconstruction, unhampered by God, nature, or history. The notion of the radically disembodied self (divorced from family, history, religion, and indeed, human as well as physical nature) is inevitably amorphous. While elevating individualism above all else, the late modern self becomes a shallow, banal construct, filled with mass-media images and concepts, often of the lowest common denominator. So the individualism of late modernity actually leads to an atrophy of true individuality and character, and the submersion of most people in a series of low, herd or mass-mentalities and pseudo-collectivities, and to a thoroughgoing revolt against the natural.
The notion of VR is linked to the tendency of immersion and immersive media today. The electronic media is already tending to become a very powerful, autonomous realm. The massive merger of AOL and Time Warner – although it turned out to be rather financially disappointing — pointed to the meld of form and content, driving towards one mega-medium. It has been suggested that increasing "broadband" on the Internet, which will allow for continual audiovisual images, will actually "dumb it down" – in the direction of becoming "just another television." Indeed, the continuation of a "smarter" use of the Internet — as opposed to various types of graphical amusements – will be a constant struggle. It could be argued that the information traffic most people are caught in today often results in a "postmodern blur" of existence and reality.
The media structures today are further strengthened by the vertical integration in pop-culture industries. Thus, videogames may produce films or books based on the game, films may produce electronic games based on the film, and so forth. This vertical integration is a factor strengthening "the gatekeepers" of the media industries, as it is always the same image (whether in film, electronic game, print, toy, or fashion media) that is being replicated. This replication of images places the so-called "border-dwellers" – those who try to introduce more idiosyncratic images – in a weaker position. "Border-dwellers" typically have to spread their message across various eclectic media. However, what one finds is that many persons simply replicate the main images of the media giants in somewhat less-well-crafted form.
Another danger that awaits us today is the pharmacopia — the continuing development of pharmacological narcotics and hallucinogens, which create a state of addictive stimulation. This is often coupled with surreal rock music and sound and light effects at so-called "raves," semi-clandestine multi-hour dance-parties, where the taking of Ecstasy (MDMA) is de rigueur. The "rave" experience, fairly common among some young people, is already quite close to VR. Large numbers of highly addictive, highly enrapturing, chemical and plant substances are supposedly illegal, yet are available to young people who wish to find them. There is also the abuse of various prescription medications. But a greater danger may become a generally-available "feel-good" drug (such as the "soma" of Aldous Huxley's Brave New World), which may kill the possibility of "the true spiritual" in human beings, because of the constant feeling of satiated comfort that it gives.
The third danger is the extension of the body-piercing and body-transforming concept to ever-more transgressive levels. Some aspects of this visible today are the overindulgence in cosmetic operations; the grotesqueries of hyper-muscle-building (almost always enhanced by drugs, notably steroids); and increasingly transgressive body-piercing. This may culminate, for example, in various types of extreme body-piercing, tattooing, and branding, by comparison to which a small nose-stud will seem tame.
The fourth main danger is genetic subversion, which some call by the trendy name "algeny" (from alchemy). What this might mean is increasing inter as well as intra-species genetic engineering, including the attempt to create new life forms. The advances in genetics will be initially powered by the promise of eliminating hereditary defects in the womb, which few people will probably object to (i.e., to produce a physically healthy rather than disabled child). They will also be powered by the desire to create replacement body parts, for an increasingly aging population. Some of these trends can already be seen in the mice produced for scientific research, which have genetically human blood flowing through their bodies, as well as "transgenic" pigs, whose organs are to be used as substitutes in humans. A possible extension of these concepts would be the production of brainless fetuses, who grow in a woman's womb for the sake of the organs they would later supply. A similar concept is to clone a brainless twin from every normal baby born, where the former would be maintained only as supplier of fresh organs for the latter. We are already seeing the widespread use of various parts from the many aborted babies, for the manufacture of so-called lifesaving medicines. There has been an intense debate over stem-cell research, as human embryos are usually considered to be the main source of stem cells. Some researchers, however, have tried to identify and work with stem cells from adults, which neither harms the adult person, nor requires the destruction of embryos. In November 2001, the cloning of a human embryo was announced. It was said about the procedure that it would be used only for "therapeutic" purposes, i.e., to harvest stem-cells that could be later be grown into substitute organs – rather than to try to replicate a whole new person.
Geneticists have also experimented with splicing the genes of mice and carrots, and creating "monstrous" flies, with eyes in places where they never naturally occur. Genetic engineering could even threaten human extinction. Suppose genetic engineers develop an oil-eating bacteria, to deal with oil slicks, which somehow mutates and develops a preference for human blood! There is a fundamental genetic threat to humanity from ostensibly positive motives, and not only from such obvious things as biological warfare exercised by some rogue state's or terrorist faction's fanatical leaders.
It has been argued that because of the increasing prevalence of estrogens and other chemicals in the environment, drastic declines in men's virility are occurring, especially in the advanced, Western countries, as well as the far earlier onset of puberty in young girls. At the same time, there is an explosion of obesity-related diseases, as the percentage of obese persons continues to grow. Cancer rates are also burgeoning, most likely because of the increasing poisons in the food, water, air, and earth. The increasing prevalence of prostrate cancer in men, and breast cancer in women, is probably environmentally related. There has also been some correlation shown between abortion and breast cancer. Food produced by modern industrial methods, involving genetic modification often appears to be carcinigenous; yet a return to organic methods of farming (and avoidance of genetic modification techniques) is now difficult, since the food supply would likely drop so rapidly that hundreds of millions of people would probably be pushed to the edge of starvation. However, the extreme industrialization of food production, for example, by feeding cattle the ground-up remains of their own species — has resulted in mad-cow disease. These industrial methods are accompanied by the massive use of artificial growth hormones and antibiotics, because the cattle no longer eat grass in the fields, but are continually penned up.
The story of modern medicine and technology is one of initial fantastic success, which has somehow stalled in the last few decades of the Twentieth Century. Indeed, one can see a hypertrophy of advance, a law of diminishing returns, in the current-day fight for health. The health-consciousness of a few is magnified through the media highlighting "beautiful people" and sport-stars, whereas the spectator public grows ever less healthy and overweight.
As modern medicine carries out evermore advanced and seemingly miraculous procedures, the possibilities of dangerous manipulations also increase. What is not often noted is that many birth defects arise from the polluted environment, as well as sometimes from the manifestly unhealthy lifestyles of one or both parents; i.e., these extraordinary technological interventions are now required as a result of other forms of "progress." It can also be noted that because of over-use of antibiotics, fearsome new strains of disease are making a comeback.
The fifth main threat is that of environmental degradation. Overpopulation, industrial pollution, drastic changes in weather patterns, and the reduction of biodiversity (sometimes through the introduction of certain non-native animal and plant species) are often interrelated phenomena. Various parts of the world are now increasingly threatened with extreme weather (such as floods and fires) as well as insect and plant plagues and pestilence. The arrival of the West Nile virus in North America has been well documented. And now we are faced with the Zika virus in tropical and subtropical climates. The planet's biosphere is a complicated system, and late modern human actions may be putting inordinate stresses on it. By the time humanity realizes it has seriously damaged Earth's climatological system, it may have passed the point of being fully reparable. The weather may well continue to become ever more extreme and unbalanced. Extreme weather, crop failure, and pestilence, may cause vast increases in the number of people facing starvation.
Another possible danger is nanotechnology, which, although today in its infancy, is now taken as standard in many science fiction futures. Nanotech is the notion of micromachines whose role is to keep humans, and possibly animals, plants, and the entire environment, in good shape. One way this might work is that when a baby is born, he "gets introduced" to his own batch of "nanotech warders" — i.e., these micromachines that will help him avoid disease, and grow up stronger, healthier, and perhaps more intelligent than he would otherwise be. The possibilities of misuse of nanotech are obvious — nanotech programmed to torture or kill, or to massively alter one's mental perceptions, or the possibility of a widespread nanotech "virus" or "plague," that could possibly extinguish humankind and even all natural life – the so-called "gray goo" scenario. This was one of the main concerns – along with the emergence of AI that would replace mankind, and the perils of genetic manipulation — raised in Bill Joy's important article in the April 2000 issue of Wired. As Chief Software Architect of Sun Microsystems and co-inventor of both UNIX and JAVA Script, he cannot be so easily dismissed as a neo-Luddite. In November 2001, it was announced by an Israeli laboratory that it had created a "DNA-based computer" – a convergence of biotechnology and nanotechnology.
Moving beyond nanotech, one comes to the possible ultimate extension of the Internet — the ability for persons to upload their "consciousness" into an electronic virtual reality realm. This is perhaps similar to what the radical theologian Teilhard de Chardin called the noosphere. There have been a number of science fiction books that suggested that only religious-minded people would resist the prospect of quasi-immortality. However, it does appear that the very complexity of the human brain (with its hundreds of billions of synapses or "links") will prevent the possibility of the meaningful, physical "uploading" of consciousness into a mechanical construct.
What is often missing from many scenarios of transgressive technology in the future is the question of politics. If things go on as they are today, there can be expected a general strengthening of left-liberalism and "political correctness" in society, and a further marginalization of traditionalist opposition. Although such commonly voiced ideas as the creation from cloning of a race of super-scientists, super-soldiers or dimwitted servile workers (as for example, the Epsilon Semi-Morons in Huxley's Brave New World) are not likely scenarios, left-liberalism may be tempted to extend what has been called its "sub rosa social totalitarianism" into the pharmacological and genetic sphere. Already there have been some suggestions that genetic engineering could be "used to eliminate racism and sexism." Certainly, given the ferocity of left-liberal attitudes towards supposedly ever-present racism and sexism today, it would seem likely that the so-called managerial-therapeutic regime would not renounce the deployment of electronic, pharmacological and genetic means on its behalf.
Electronically, this would probably consist of VR scenarios of mostly violence, graphic sex, and horror, serving the same role as the Violent Passion Surrogate (VPS) in Brave New World. In Huxley's novel, this is a chemical process, but in the otherwise uninspired television movie based on the novel, it was shown as a kind of Virtual Reality "theatre." Of course, Huxley's "feelies" – the more common form of entertainment in Brave New World — are an obvious parallel to VR, and our own society's drive to create media impressions that are "realer than real." Pharmacologically, the main control mechanism would be the "feel-good" drug. Genetically, there would probably be an attempt by "politically-correct" psychologists and neuropsychologists serving the regime to identify the sources of "authoritarianism," "hierarchical-mindedness," and so-called "superstition" (i.e., traditional religion) in the human brain, in the desire to somehow eradicate it from birth. The current mapping or so-called sequencing of the human genome, the attempt to discover precisely which genes control what kind of physical and intellectual traits, could possibly put a very dangerous instrument in the hands of these would-be genetic controllers. Certainly the psychological regime, the monitoring of the upbringing of children in the family, would be very tightly attended to, far beyond what would be thought acceptable today. And it may indeed be noted that the drive towards the provision of "universal daycare" outside the family home, is one of the hallmarks of the most "advanced" societies today.
One dystopic idea that has been raised in science fiction is that everyone (apart from a small group of controllers) would be saddled with "disabling devices" (both physical and mental) — to create the effect "that everyone is equal to everyone else." There is a short story by Kurt Vonnegut, "Harrison Bergeron" (1961) which is one of the sharpest explorations of this theme. A somewhat similar concept, which would almost certainly be supported by radical feminists, would be to flood female fetuses or infants with testosterone, as well as to supply them with steroids, so that the innate differences between male and female physical strength would disappear. In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, the flooding of female fetuses with controlled dosages of testosterone results "only" in the sterility of the females, without outward physical changes, thus making them "ideal" as sexual playthings, the so-called "freemartins." However, the controllers are careful to subject only a third of female fetuses to this treatment. It does appear, however, that it will be a very long time before an artificial womb can be created that could carry a child to term from the moment of conception.
The prospects for humanity may indeed look dire in the face of these deep-level technological manipulations, and their attendant ideologies. Given these transgressive technologies, the return of a more balanced society would appear to be realistically possible for only a few more decades. Beyond that period, we really cannot know what may await humanity.
Phyllidula, The Shape of Things to Come 1984-5, by Bill Reid
Sociologist Mark Wegierski is a Toronto-based writer and researcher
This entry was posted in Current Affairs and Comment, QR Home and tagged artificial intelligence, Extreme Weather, Genetic Engineering, Internet, Nanotechnology, Postmodernism, Virtual Reality. Bookmark the permalink.
1 Response to Transgressive Technologies
David Ashton says:
This is a comment on the most important single issue of our times.
Have we "progressed" from Dr Mengele to Dr Moreau? From Superman to Elephant Man?
Where is the academy of wisdom need to control trans-humanist possibilities enabled by runaway technology?


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What We Build so that We Can Take
December 18, 2019 zachmortice 1 Comment
At the Chicago Architecture Biennial, Somatic Collaborative extrapolates landscapes of extraction into sites of habitation.
By Zach Mortice
Beyond the City: The South American Hinterland in the Soils of the 21st Century at the Chicago Architecture Biennial. Photo by Cory Dewald.
For an exhibit focused on extractive industries, Beyond the City: The South American Hinterland in the Soils of the 21st Century is mercifully short on aerial photos of strip mines and oil derricks. Instead, the installation by Somatic Collaborative now at the 2019 Chicago Architecture Biennial focuses on the human settlements that serve resource extraction industries.
Beyond the City catalogs five South American cities established or expanded because of the growth of heavy industry from the late 19th century to the mid-20th century. The five case studies are spread across three nations and several extraction, or at least exceptionally invasive, industries: gold mines in Belo Horizonte, Brazil; nitrate mines in María Elena, Chile; oil drilling in Judibana, Venezuela; iron mining in Ciudad Guayana, Venezuela; and the production of hydropower in Vila Piloto, Brazil. Each of the cities shares "a very strong national or state government that was pushing forward a project that they believed would advance a larger greater good," says Somatic Collaborative cofounder Felipe Correa, the chair of the architecture school at the University of Virginia (UVA). These public–private partnerships sought to develop housing and working environments for a white-collar managerial class that would guide populist infrastructure expansions harvested from this land. "Industry had a social project," Correa says. "If you look at what oil companies are doing in the middle of the Amazon today, they're completely devoid of a social project." Beyond the City presents historical evidence on how this mandate was introduced, but the exhibition trails off once each town left its designers' hands.
The nitrate mining town of María Elena in Chile. Photo by Ignacio Infante.
The installation, completed with the assistance of the Princeton University architecture student Jonah Coe-Scharff and the UVA architecture students Katie LaRose and Andre Grospe, consists of maps, diagrams, and photographs from the case studies. These are arranged in vitrines wrapped in white, semitransparent curtains that partially obscure them. On the curtains are illustrations of foodstuffs, processed resources, and building materials. These pictures are interspersed with drawings of cavernous cracks in the earth, the most direct hint at extraction violence you find. Each case study also focuses on the networks of global capital this infrastructure services, presented in dense map overlays that trace trade routes of oil, iron, nitrates, and more.
Beyond the City: The South American Hinterland in the Soils of the 21st Century illustrates the international reach and global trade patterns of the resources harvested in its five case study towns. Image courtesy Somatic Collaborative.
The towns are rigidly plotted in helical or grid-based plans, with sharp separations of residential and industrial functions. It's an imported modernist technocracy that came with all the trappings of the mid-20th-century good life. There are photos and drawings of suburban lawns, wide streets, plazas, and leafy office parks at Judibana, Venezuela, designed in 1946 by the architects at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM). This town included what is said to be the first supermarket and bowling alley in the nation, built at the behest of Creole Petroleum, then one of the world's largest oil producers. But next door in the industrial park hinterland, there's no ameliorative engagement with the landscapes being degraded for oil drilling. In each settlement, landscapes are a superficial layer of public and private space, mostly disconnected from the ecological systems each industry was consuming. Ciudad Guayana, founded in 1961, was the most ambitious central planning project in Venezuela's history, yet it was wholly a product of American academia, growing from a studio project at MIT and Harvard's Joint Center for Urban Studies.
The case study towns in the exhibition feature intensely helical or grid-based plans. Image courtesy Somatic Collaborative.
"The projects were well within this era of developmentalist planning, which is focused around the idea of the master plan, and was rooted in the idea that cities are directly related to their territory," says Somatic Collaborative's Devin Dobrowolski, who is also an assistant architecture professor at UVA. Beyond the City examines planning in the context of quasi-colonialist company towns, before the emphasis shifted from top-down master planning to systems thinking, informed by geographic, cartographic, and landscape knowledge. These methodologies "give designers new tools to ask very important questions about where design has agency to intervene," Dobrowolski says.
The oil town of Judibana, Venezuela, was designed by the architecture giant SOM in 1946. Image courtesy SOM.
The tabula rasa urbanism depicted in Beyond the City was as awkward a fit for residents as it was for environmental systems. "What's interesting about this [exhibition] is looking at the ways the models and the infrastructure get appropriated differently," Dobrowolski says. At Vila Piloto, suburban yards were reused for any number of off-the-books economic uses (auto repair shops, restaurants, convenience stores), though its circular street plan remains. At Ciudad Guayana, a monumental axis meant to accommodate large institutional buildings never filled in, but was retained as a frame for informal housing.
Judibana, Venezuela, had what is said to be the first supermarket and bowling alley in the nation. Drawings courtesy SOM. Photo of church courtesy G. Andrew Reti. All other photos courtesy Alberto Beuses.
These stories of reuse are not present in the exhibit itself, which loses power when we don't see Harvard and MIT's immaculate drawings juxtaposed with the messier adaptations that took root. Beyond the City is a snapshot of an era when one could credibly advance a social mandate for urban planning without an explicit connection to the environmental impacts, but some of this sentiment is lost when we take the planners of these towns at their word and view their work when it was pristine. The exhibition already covers a lot of ground, but tracking change over time would have offered a richer set of critiques of past planning modes and, most important, offered clues as to whether the social mandate for these towns was fulfilled.
Vila Piloto, Brazil was established to provide hydropower to Brazil's rapidly growing coastal cities. Image courtesy Acervo Fundação Energia e Saneamento.
Zach Mortice is a Chicago-based design journalist who focuses on landscape architecture and architecture. You can follow him on Twitter and Instagram.
By Z. Mortice
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It's been a bit since we have featured a Shop We Love on our blog, but today we are doing just that! Say hello to Young Blood Boutique. You know those spaces that are so inspired that you find it feels like a breath of fresh air? Young Blood is one of those spaces. Gorgeous, white, and filled with hand-crafted art and design pieces, Young Blood is a unique artist-run retail shop in Atlanta, Georgia. Their photos make us want to grab one of everything–and that Fiddle Leaf Fig! Make sure to follow them on Instagram for a daily dose of their beautiful style.
Visit Young Blood Boutique's online shop for jewelry pieces, but if you're looking to see their entire product line, you'll have to visit their shop in person. See below for some eye-candy shots of the shop, their social media information, and some lovely photos of their collection of Red Cap Cards (we love that styled photo of Jon Klassen's crab congrats card!). Thank you so much, Young Blood, for being amazing!


In this article you will get the CBSE Class 9 Science, Tissues: Chapter Notes (Part-II). The notes prepared by the subject experts, are completed as per the latest syllabus for CBSE Class 9 Science. These chapter notes can be really helpful while preparing for the CBSE Class 9 Science Exam 2017-2018.
This article brings you the CBSE Class 9 Science notes on chapter 6 'Tissues' (Part-II) . These chapter notes are prepared by the subject experts and cover every important topic from the chapter. At the end of the notes you can try the questions asked from the discussed set of topics. These questions will help you to track your preparation level and get a hold on the subject.
Animals move around in search of food, mates and shelter.
Most of the tissues they contain are living.
The structural organisation of organs and organ systems is far more specialised and localised in animals than in plants.
They form the covering of the external surfaces, internal cavities and organs of the animal body.
(i) Epithelitum covers most organs and cavities within the body.
(ii) It also forms a barrier to keep different body systems separate.
(iii) The permeability of the cells of various epithelia play an important role in regulating the exchange of materials between the body and the external environment.
(a) Simple squamous epithelium: In cells lining blood vessels or lung alveoli, where transportation of substances occurs through a selectively permeable surface, there is a simple flat and extremely thin kind of epithelium which is named as simple squamous epitheliun.
It is found in the lining of the mouth, oesophagus, lung, alveoli, etc.
(b) Stratified Squamous Epithelium: The skin, which protects the body, is also made of squamous epithelium.
Skin epilhelial cells are arranged in many layers to prevent wear and tear. Since they are arranged in a pattern of layers, the epitheliunim is called stratified squamous epithelium.
(c) Cuboidal epithelium: This is cuboidal in shape and forms the lining of kidney tubules and ducts of salivaiy glands.
In some cases a portion of the epithelial tissue folds inward to form a multicellular gland. This is called glandular epithelium.
It performs a function of secretion and absorption.
(d) Columnar Epithelium: Where absorption and secretion occur, as in the inner lining of the intestine, tall epithelial cells are present and are named as cohunnar epithelium.
In the respiratory tract, on the outer surfaces of epithelial cells there are hair like projevtions called cilia. These cilia can move, and their movement pushes the mucus forward to clear it. This type of epithelium is named as ciliated columnar epithelium.
They are specialised to connect various body organs.
Blood (plasma), bones, Cartilage. ligaments and tendons etc.
Plasma: The fluid (liquid) matrix of blood is called plasma.
Plasma is a yellowish liquid like material.
Bones: It is also a connective tissue that forms the framework that supports the body.
It is a strong and nonflexible tissue.
Ligaments: Two bones are connected to each other by a connective tissue called the ligament.
This tissue is flexible or elastic in nature.
Tendons: Bones are connected to muscles by another type of connective tissue named as Tendons.
Tendons are fibrous tissue with great strength but limited flexibility.
Cartilage: Cartilage is another type of connective tissue which has widely spaced cells. The solid matrix of this tissue is composed of proteins and sugars.
Cartilage of ear can be folded.
(a) Areolar tissue: They are found in the skin and muscles, around the blood vessels, nerves, etc.
(b) Adipose tissue: It is found between the internal organs and below the skin.
It act as an insulator.
Main function of muscular tissues is to provide movement to the body.
(a) Striated muscles or skeletal muscles or voluntary muscles: These muscles are also called skeletal muscles as they are mostly attached to bones and help in body movement.
Cells are cylindrical, unbranched and multinucleate.
(b) Smooth muscles or involuntary muscles: They are found in the iris of the eye, in ureters and in the bronchi of the lungs.
Cells are long, spindle-shaped and possess a single nucleus.
(c) Cardiac muscles or involuntary muscles: They help in rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the heart.
Cells of the nervous tissue are highly specialised for being stimulated and then transmitting the stimulus very rapidly from one place to another within the body.
Neuron: Cells of the nervous tissue are called neurons.
A neuron consists of a cell body, an axon and a dendrite.
Q1. Which tissues are called covering or protective tissues?
Q2. Where do you find simple squamous in an animal body?
Q3. What is the shape of cuboidal epithelium? Where do we find these tissues? State one of their main function.
Q4. What type of epithelium tissues are found in respiratory tract and in intestinal lining?
Q5. Name the fat-storing tissues? Where are they located?


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Jobs, Salaries and Career after Masters in Occupational Therapy/Therapist - Updated 2020
2018 median Pay for Occupational Therapy/Therapist
The median annual wage for occupational therapists was $84,270 in May 2018.
They also may be required to lift and move patients or heavy equipment. Many work in multiple facilities and have to travel from one job to another. Work Schedules Most occupational therapists worked full time in 2016. About 1 out of 3 worked part time. They may work nights or weekends, as needed, to accommodate patients' schedules.
Best paying jobs for Health and Wellness
Number of Jobs for Occupational Therapy/Therapist
Number of Jobs in 2018 was 130,400
Education required
Job Outlook for Occupational Therapy/Therapist
Employment of occupational therapists is projected to grow 24 percent from 2016 to 2026, much faster than the average for all occupations. Occupational therapy will continue to be an important part of treatment for people with various illnesses and disabilities, such as Alzheimer's disease, cerebral palsy, autism, or the loss of a limb.
Job description of Occupational Therapy/Therapist
Occupational therapists treat injured, ill, or disabled patients through the therapeutic use of everyday activities. They help these patients develop, recover, improve, as well as maintain the skills needed for daily living and working.
Occupational therapists typically do the following:
Review patients' medical history, ask the patients questions, and observe them doing tasks
Evaluate a patient's condition and needs
Develop a treatment plan for patients, identifying specific goals and the types of activities that will be used to help the patient work toward those goals
Help people with various disabilities perform different tasks, such as teaching a stroke victim how to get dressed
Demonstrate exercises—for example, stretching the joints for arthritis relief—that can help relieve pain in people with chronic conditions
Evaluate a patient's home or workplace and, on the basis of the patient's health needs, identify potential improvements, such as labeling kitchen cabinets for an older person with poor memory
Educate a patient's family and employer about how to accommodate and care for the patient
Recommend special equipment, such as wheelchairs and eating aids, and instruct patients on how to use that equipment
Assess and record patients' activities and progress for patient evaluations, for billing, and for reporting to physicians and other healthcare providers
Patients with permanent disabilities, such as cerebral palsy, often need help performing daily tasks. Therapists show patients how to use appropriate adaptive equipment, such as leg braces, wheelchairs, and eating aids. These devices help patients perform a number of daily tasks, allowing them to function more independently.
Some occupational therapists work with children in educational settings. They evaluate disabled children's abilities, modify classroom equipment to accommodate children with disabilities, and help children participate in school activities. Therapists also may provide early intervention therapy to infants and toddlers who have, or are at risk of having, developmental delays.
Therapists who work with the elderly help their patients lead more independent and active lives. They assess patients' abilities and environment and make recommendations to improve the patients' everyday lives. For example, therapists may identify potential fall hazards in a patient's home and recommend their removal.
In some cases, occupational therapists help patients create functional work environments. They evaluate the workspace, recommend modifications, and meet with the patient's employer to collaborate on changes to the patient's work environment or schedule.
Occupational therapists also may work in mental health settings, where they help patients who suffer from developmental disabilities, mental illness, or emotional problems. Therapists teach these patients skills such as managing time, budgeting, using public transportation, and doing household chores in order to help them cope with, and engage in, daily life activities. In addition, therapists may work with individuals who have problems with drug abuse, alcoholism, depression, or other disorders. They may also work with people who have been through a traumatic event, such as a car accident.
Some occupational therapists, such as those employed in hospitals, work as part of a healthcare team along with doctors, registered nurses, and other types of therapists. They may work with patients who have chronic conditions, such as diabetes, or help rehabilitate a patient recovering from hip replacement surgery. Occupational therapists also oversee the work of occupational therapy assistants and aides.
How to become Occupational Therapy/Therapist
Occupational therapists need at least a master's degree in occupational therapy; some therapists have a doctoral degree. Occupational therapists also must be licensed.
Most occupational therapists enter the occupation with a master's degree in occupational therapy. In 2017, there were about 200 occupational therapy programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Occupational Therapy Education, part of the American Occupational Therapy Association.
Admission to graduate programs in occupational therapy generally requires a bachelor's degree and specific coursework, including biology and physiology. Many programs also require applicants to have volunteered or worked in an occupational therapy setting. Candidates should contact the program that they are interested in attending about specific requirements.
Master's programs usually take 2 to 3 years to complete; doctoral programs take about 3 and a half years. Some schools offer a dual-degree program in which the student earns a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in 5 years. Part-time programs that offer courses on nights and weekends are also available.
Both master's and doctoral programs require at least 24 weeks of supervised fieldwork, in which prospective occupational therapists gain clinical work experience. In addition, doctoral programs require a 16-week capstone experience.
All states require occupational therapists to be licensed. Licensing requirements vary by state, but all require candidates to pass the national examination administered by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT). To sit for the NBCOT exam, candidates must have earned a degree from an accredited educational program and completed all fieldwork requirements.
Therapists must pass the NBCOT exam to use the title "Occupational Therapist, Registered" (OTR). They must also take continuing education classes to maintain certification.
The American Occupational Therapy Association also offers a number of board and specialty certifications for therapists who want to demonstrate their advanced or specialized knowledge in areas of practice, such as pediatrics, mental health, or low vision.
Adaptability. Occupational therapists must be flexible when treating patients. Because not every type of therapy will work for each patient, therapists may need to be creative when determining the treatment plans and adaptive devices that best suit each patient's needs.
Communication skills. Occupational therapists must listen attentively to what patients tell them and must explain what they want their patients to do. When communicating with other members of the patient's medical team, therapists must clearly explain the treatment plan for the patient and any progress made by the patient.
Compassion. Occupational therapists are usually drawn to the profession by a desire to help people and improve their daily lives. Therapists must be sensitive to a patient's needs and concerns, especially when assisting the patient with personal activities.
Interpersonal skills. Because occupational therapists spend their time teaching and explaining therapies to patients, they need to earn the trust and respect of those patients and their families.
Patience. Dealing with injuries, illnesses, and disabilities is frustrating for many people. Occupational therapists should exhibit patience in order to provide quality care to the people they serve.
What people in similar profession do
How to become one
Chiropractic Chiropractors treat patients with health problems of the neuromusculoskeletal system, which includes nerves, bones, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. They use spinal adjustments and manipulation, as well as other clinical interventions, to manage patients' health concerns, such as back and neck pain. Chiropractors must earn a Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) degree and a state license. Doctor of Chiropractic programs typically take 4 years to complete and require at least 3 years of undergraduate college education for admission. Education Prospective chiropractors are required to have a Doctor of Chiropractic (D.C.) degree—a postgraduate professional degree that typically takes 4 years to complete. In 2017, there were 15 Doctor of Chiropractic programs on 18 campuses accredited by The Council on Chiropractic Education. Admission to D.C. programs requires at least 90 semester hours of undergraduate education, and some D.C. programs require a bachelor's degree for entry.
Dentistry Dentists diagnose and treat problems with patients' teeth, gums, and related parts of the mouth. They provide advice and instruction on taking care of the teeth and gums and on diet choices that affect oral health. Dentists must be licensed in the state(s) in which they work. Licensure requirements vary by state, although candidates usually must graduate from an accredited dental school and pass written and practical exams. Dentists who practice in a specialty area must complete postdoctoral training. Education All dental schools require applicants to have completed certain science courses, such as biology and chemistry, before entering dental school.
Veterinary Medicine Veterinarians care for the health of animals and work to protect public health. They diagnose, treat, and research medical conditions and diseases of pets, livestock, and other animals. Veterinarians must have a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from an accredited veterinary college, as well as a state license. Education Veterinarians must complete a Doctor of Veterinary Medicine (DVM or VMD) degree at an accredited college of veterinary medicine. A veterinary medicine program generally takes 4 years to complete and includes classroom, laboratory, and clinical components. Admission to veterinary programs is competitive. Most applicants to veterinary school have a bachelor's degree.
Registered Nurse Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books. Educational requirements vary with the subject taught and the type of educational institution. Typically postsecondary teachers must have a Ph.D. However, a master's degree may be enough for some postsecondary teachers at community colleges. Other postsecondary teachers may need work experience in their field of expertise. Education Postsecondary teachers who work for 4-year colleges and universities typically need a doctoral degree in their field.
Nursing Administration Medical and health services managers, also called healthcare executives or healthcare administrators, plan, direct, and coordinate medical and health services. They might manage an entire facility, a specific clinical area or department, or a medical practice for a group of physicians. Medical and health services managers must direct changes that conform to changes in healthcare laws, regulations, and technology. Most medical and health services managers have at least a bachelor's degree before entering the field. However, master's degrees are common and sometimes preferred by employers. Educational requirements vary by facility and specific function. Education Medical and health services managers typically need at least a bachelor's degree to enter the occupation.
Nursing Practitioner Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books. Educational requirements vary with the subject taught and the type of educational institution. Typically postsecondary teachers must have a Ph.D. However, a master's degree may be enough for some postsecondary teachers at community colleges. Other postsecondary teachers may need work experience in their field of expertise. Education Postsecondary teachers who work for 4-year colleges and universities typically need a doctoral degree in their field.
Nursing Science Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books. Educational requirements vary with the subject taught and the type of educational institution. Typically postsecondary teachers must have a Ph.D. However, a master's degree may be enough for some postsecondary teachers at community colleges. Other postsecondary teachers may need work experience in their field of expertise. Education Postsecondary teachers who work for 4-year colleges and universities typically need a doctoral degree in their field.
Emergency Room and Trauma Nursing Postsecondary teachers instruct students in a wide variety of academic and technical subjects beyond the high school level. They may also conduct research and publish scholarly papers and books. Educational requirements vary with the subject taught and the type of educational institution. Typically postsecondary teachers must have a Ph.D. However, a master's degree may be enough for some postsecondary teachers at community colleges. Other postsecondary teachers may need work experience in their field of expertise. Education Postsecondary teachers who work for 4-year colleges and universities typically need a doctoral degree in their field.
Nursing Practice Medical and health services managers, also called healthcare executives or healthcare administrators, plan, direct, and coordinate medical and health services. They might manage an entire facility, a specific clinical area or department, or a medical practice for a group of physicians. Medical and health services managers must direct changes that conform to changes in healthcare laws, regulations, and technology. Most medical and health services managers have at least a bachelor's degree before entering the field. However, master's degrees are common and sometimes preferred by employers. Educational requirements vary by facility and specific function. Education Medical and health services managers typically need at least a bachelor's degree to enter the occupation.
Job Outlook for other majors in Health and Wellness
Number of jobs
Chiropractic 47400 $71410 Faster than average
Dentistry 153500 $156240 Much faster than average
Veterinary Medicine 79600 $93830 Much faster than average
Registered Nurse 1314400 $78470 Much faster than average
Nursing Administration 352200 $99730 Much faster than average
Nursing Practitioner 1314400 $78470 Much faster than average
Nursing Practice 352200 $99730 Much faster than average
Find top ranked Graduate programs in Occupational Therapy/Therapist
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GRE, GPA requirements for admission to Occupational Therapy/Therapist - Updated 2020
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Premium Home Chevron icon It indicates an expandable section or menu, or sometimes previous / next navigation options. Tech
One of Apple's most important technology partners is suffering a brain drain — to Apple
Kif Leswing
This story is available exclusively to Business Insider subscribers. Become an Insider and start reading now.
Getty Images/Justin Sullivan
Apple is hiring a lot of talent from British chip designer Imagination Technologies, the company that provides the graphics processor for the iPhone 7.
Apple confirmed in March through the London Stock Exchange that it had discussions to buy Imagination Technologies but that it ultimately did not make an offer for the chip company.
But since then, Apple may have gotten what it wanted anyway, hiring several senior employees from Imagination as well as a handful of engineering talent in what was described to Business Insider as a "brain drain."
The biggest hire is John Metcalfe, whose LinkedIn profile says he's been working as a senior director at Apple since July. He was Imagination Technology's COO for a decade before that, and was nearly a 20-year veteran of the company. Last October, Apple hired Imagination's VP of Hardware Engineering to be a director based in the United Kingdom.
The moves are notable as Apple is reportedly the third-largest shareholder in Imagination Technologies.
Other recent hires from Imagination Technologies now work for Apple in London in positions like GPU Architect, Engineering Manager, FE Hardware Design, and Design Manager. The hires worked on Imagination Technology's PowerVR product, which is what is included in the iPhone.
Six technical employees from Imagination Technologies have joined Apple since September. The hires may be working on GPU technology in Greater London. Apple has long been rumored to be working on its own GPU design but it has never been confirmed. The company has a GPU-focused office in Orlando, Florida as well.
One of Apple's core strengths is chip design. Apple designs the system-on-a-chip used in the iPhone, for example. Most other phone makers buy a design from companies like Qualcomm or MediaTek.
GPU technology is becoming increasingly important as a building block for technologies including computer vision, self-driving cars, virtual reality, and augmented reality.
Imagination Technologies has had a mixed year, although its stock is up over the past year. It overhauled its business in February as its former CEO Hossein Yassie stepped down. Then, it cut 200 jobs in March. In July, it posted a large £61.5 million loss on revenue of £120 million.
"It's no surprise that our customers, who are exposed to the talent here, sometimes hire that talent, especially from our more customer facing teams. To call it a brain drain is nonsense – Imagination is a 1,400+ person company and we are talking about a handful who have gone to any one customer," an Imagination Technologies spokesperson told Business Insider.
"We have no issues with anyone who has gone from Imagination to work with a customer – we all still work closely together no matter which side of the relationship is paying our wages," the spokesperson continued, saying that "we see Imagination continuing as a strong, independent IP company owned by its shareholders."
Apple declined to comment.
Know anything about Apple's GPU plans? We'd like to talk to you. Email the author at kleswing@businessinsider.com
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SEE ALSO: Apple says it isn't going to make an offer on a British chip designer worth £600 million
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Dean Radin is, in fact, a psychology professor at Sonoma State University, but is of course best known for his "research" in the field of parapsychology, having published in excess of 200 papers in various venues of variable reputability. He is also a member of the Institute for Noetic Sciences and former president of the Parapsychological Association.
His most famous book is perhaps The Conscious Universe: The Scientific Truth of Psychic Phenomena, which was awarded Amazon.com's 1998 Bestseller Award in the genre parapsychology, and thoroughly reviewed in thirteen parts here. In the book he claims that "scientists have essentially proven that psi exists" by using "well-accepted experimental methods familiar to scientists in many disciplines." What he doesn't say is that the "scientific evidence" consists primarily of statistical anomalies that he – as opposed to anyone else who knows the faintest thing about statistics – interprets as proof of psi and psychokinesis – indeed, to Radin anomalies in research are psychic phenomena; if the results of an experiment aren't likely due to chance, then they are the result of psi (an inference that has become a common enough fallacy to receive its own name, "psi assumption"; it is criticized here). A premise for Radin's research is substance dualism, which Radin claims is well supported since it is "deeply rooted in Eastern philosophy and ancient beliefs about magic." He does not engage with serious researchers on consciousness and the mind, since that research doesn't fit his preconceptions. Instead he trots out the most trite denialism falsehood in existence, namely the idea that "scientific truth" proceeds through stages like this, and since his views are currently rejected by the majority of serious researchers, he must be right.
The existence of psi phenomena is, according to Radin, apparently established beyond reasonable doubt (who wouldn't be convinced by this – but not this; we don't talk about that one). So why isn't this fact more well known? That, Radin, asserts, is due to a conspiracy among a relatively small group of skeptics, who have "suppressed and ridiculed" the research, and because science is biased (presumably against appeals to ancient wisdom) and because scientists have "built their careers on conventional theories" (which is surprising given that nothing boosts the career of a scientist more than coming up with something new) – and that is also why Radin, as he sees things, doesn't need to engage with them in his book or anywhere else.
As mentioned his purported evidence for psi in the book, which – to repeat – amounts to little more than occult statistics (and striking anecdotes), has generally failed to convince anyone who cares seriously about backing up their claims with reason and evidence (a more comprehensive survey of psi research is here). Nor has Radin taken up Randi's million dollar challenge, because "even a million dollar prize wouldn't cover the costs of conducting the required experiment," which makes one wonder (if experiments that would prove psi were so expensive, what does that say about the evidence he already claims to have?).
Nonetheless, Radin dreams of a future where people possess psi abilities, where we have "psychic garage-door openers" and the ability to "push atoms around" with our minds. He even suggests we employ remote viewer Joe McMoneagle to reveal future technological devices he "has sensed in his remote-viewing sessions." He does not consider the rather obvious problems that would arise if he were right, though he probably doesn't need to since he isn't.
In his follow-up book, Entangled Minds: Extrasensory Experiences in a Quantum Reality, he delves deeply into quantum woo, since nothing says "serious researcher" more than trying to explain the unexplainable by handwaving at quantum mechanics – and then, when it doesn't quite serve the role (or the author doesn't quite understand what is going on), we get the usual trite regress to Ancient Eastern Mysticism. The book is reviewed here.
Radin is also associated with the Global Consciousness Project. Global Consciousness is the notion that when groups of people focus their minds on the same thing, they influence "the world at large." He also appeared in What the Bleep Do We Know.
Diagnosis: Arch-crackpot, and a brilliant example of how far motivated reasoning can carry you. His influence shouldn't be underestimated, however.
Fair enough, but your conspiracy thinking and ad hominem fallacy don't exactly constitute good advertising for the contents of your link.
Hint: that someone disagrees with you doesn't mean that they "have an agenda" in any ominous sense. Skepdic and RationalWiki are generally trustworthy sources particularly because they don't have an agenda apart from a commitment to accuracy and good thinking. Or do you perhaps wish to elaborate on what kind of conspiracies or biases you have in mind?
Wasn't it Sagan who said that they laughed at Galileo, but they also laughed at Bozo the Clown?


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Owosso-Area Community Thanksgiving Choir OPS Board Authorizes Superintendent to Negotiate on OMS Bid
Shiawassee County Jail Implements 21st Century Phone System
Home » News » Sunday North » Shiawassee County Jail Implements 21st Century Phone System
December 2, 2019 • Sunday North, Sunday South
THREE VIDEO visitation centers, including one handicap-accessible station, now greet visitors to the Shiawassee County Jail in Corunna. The new phone system – including the monitors and installation – were provided to the Shiawassee County Sheriff's Office at no cost by Combined Public Communications, a national company seeking to expand its service area into Michigan.
The new system has received glowing reviews from jail administrators, employees and inmates, alike. Sheriff Brian BeGole reports that the new technology allows for more convenient and more frequent inmate visitations, it saves the Sheriff's Office money and it has created a safer work environment in the jail.
Since taking office following the November 2016 election, Sheriff Brian BeGole has focused on finding ways to do more with less, especially when it comes to the Shiawassee County Jail, which was built in the early 1960s. Sheriff BeGole has orchestrated a number of repairs and renovations that have improved the appearance and functionality of the jail. And by utilizing jail inmates and volunteer handymen to complete extensive projects such as painting the exterior of the jail and reconfiguring the lobby, Sheriff BeGole has saved valuable resources that can be dedicated elsewhere.
While BeGole and his staff continue to get by in their deteriorating facility, with outdated equipment and technology, they have taken a step into the 21st century with the installation of a new telephone system. The new system was provided to the county at no cost by Combined Public Communications (CPC), replacing a system that had been in place for more than 20 years. The new phones allow for in-person and remote video calling, while also saving the county – and inmates' friends and family members – money in a number of ways.
Since being installed in early November, the new phone system has been a "win-win," shared BeGole. With the old phone system, inmates paid $18 for 15 minutes of call time for collect calls, and to pre-pay, inmates were charged a $4.63 connection fee and $.45 per minute. With CPC, remote calls cost .20 per minute, or $.21 per minute for video calls. The convenience of the new system has also made it possible for the jail to increase the number of inmate visitation days from one per week to three.
On top of receiving the new phone system for free – including installation – the Sheriff's Office now collects a greater percentage of the telephone usage fees, a portion of which were paid to the Sheriff's Office up front in the form of a $150,000 technology grant. The grant will be used to purchase a new jail transport vehicle and to update essential computer software.
Additionally, the new phone system saves the Sheriff's Office money by greatly reducing the man-hours required to transport and supervise up to 100 inmates for visitations. The new phones also make for a safer work environment for corrections deputies by limiting the number of times they have to lead inmates through the jail's underground maze of dark hallways and blind corners.
Shiawassee County Jail Implements 21st Century Phone System was last modified: December 2nd, 2019 by Karen Elford


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User Ratings: 4,034
The Big Empty Ratings & Reviews Explanation
The Big Empty Photos
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A guy looking for easy money gets a lot more than he bargained for in this noir-flavored independent comedy. John Person (Jon Favreau) is a struggling actor living in Los Angeles who is starting to buckle under the pressure of his own failures. With no acting jobs coming in and a massive credit card debt to pay off, John works part-time as a courier but needs a big payday if he's ever going to get back on his feet. Out of the blue, a strange man in the neighborhood makes John an offer that seems too good to be true -- in exchange for delivering a suitcase to a man in Baker, CA (midway between L.A. and Las Vegas), John will receive $27,000 in cash. John's first tip off that something odd is going on comes when, along with the suitcase, he's given a loaded gun and instructions to defend the package with his life if necessary, but he's just desperate enough to go along. However, things become more complicated when John misses his connection in Baker; he's suddenly followed by a number of threatening eccentrics, is informed by an FBI agent that his benefactor in L.A. has become the victim of a grisly murder, and incurs the wrath of Cowboy (Sean Bean), the ominous trucker who was supposed to pick up the suitcase. The Big Empty features a stellar supporting cast, including Kelsey Grammer, Melora Walters, Daryl Hannah, Joey Lauren Adams, and Rachael Leigh Cook.
R (for language and some sexual dialogue)
Action & Adventure, Comedy, Science Fiction & Fantasy
Jan 1, 2003 wide
as John Person
as Grace
as Ruthie
as Neely
as Stella
as Agent Banks
Gary Framer
as Indian Bob
as Elron
as Randy
as Cowboy
as Dan
Gary Farmer
Melora Walters
as Candy
Alejandra Aguilan
as Traveler
Jay Brothers
as Lt. Gates
Sara Fouts
Steven G. Kaplan
Critic Reviews for The Big Empty
The Big Empty is much more a romantic fable than Swingers, the singles comedy that established Favreau but has a similarly jovial, unpretentious charm.
Nov 20, 2003 | Rating: 3/5
Kevin Thomas
I found the sicko humor enjoyable enough.
May 1, 2010 | Rating: B- | Full Review…
If any film is destined to find a cult audience on DVD, it's The Big Empty.
May 2, 2004 | Rating: 3/5
Thanks to Favreau, even the film's most ridiculous detours carry a certain plausibility; he shines his indignities on and perseveres, and we can't help but sympathize.
Dec 3, 2003 | Full Review…
FilmStew.com
Anderson squanders the setting's potential and a cast of indie-movie all-stars in his muddled and weak feature.
Nov 21, 2003 | Rating: 2/5 | Full Review…
Las Vegas Weekly
More amiable than laugh-out-loud funny.
Nov 20, 2003 | Full Review…
Chuck Wilson
Some may praise The Big Empty as a poor man's David Lynch-meets-The X-Files, but it's more of a starving homeless man's David Lynch-meets-The X-Files.
Nov 15, 2003 | Rating: F | Full Review…
Carlo Cavagna
AboutFilm.com
Audience Reviews for The Big Empty
odd and surreal, one of the better post swingers film for its lead. full of oddball characters and strange plot developments.
Brendan N Super Reviewer
A quirky alien abduction comedy thriller (when was the last time you saw one of those?), this film was full of "woowoo" moments. Great cast and beautiful location filming. Not great film, but a good story. Jon Favreau plays a down-on-his-luck everyman who gets caught up in intrigue in order to clear his debts and start over. In the process, he proves himself to be a man of good character who winds up with the girl. And what is wrong with that? Entertainment, pure and simple.
Mark A Super Reviewer
A suitcase and a bowling ball bag along with a cast of off kilter characters including an aspring actor, a lolita and her jealous boyfriend, an FBI agent, a hooker, a cowboy, (what's a cowboy without) an indian, and others.. All meshed together in a small desert town out in "The Big Empty". I'm still not sure if I've got a complete handle on the movie and I've seen it quite a few times. That aside, I'm all about the quirky films that don't sacrifice plot or character development just to be different. This movie is different, but not just to be different.. amazingly it all fits within the context of the film. If you watch the deleted scenes and alternate scenes on the DVD it can clear a bit up, personally I like the extra mystery so I can fill in my own blanks. It can leave you in just enough fog to let your imagination run where it likes. Also, I'd have to say Cowboy (Sean Bean) is probably my favorite character I've come across in any movie.
Nick G Super Reviewer
The Big Empty Quotes
Cowboy: There's a whole other world out there...my ticket is open-ended.
Cowboy: There's a whole other world out there. My ticket is open-ended.
Dan: They're harvesting eggs and sprerm to start a master race.
Ruthie: The bar is my home...Stella is my Mom.


The Redline LS Tee for Women by Mountain Equipment is a very lightweight and stretchy long sleeve tee that offers exceptional wicking properties as well as comfort. We certainly love it!
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The Redline LS Tee for Women by Mountain Equipment is a very lightweight and stretchy long sleeve tee that offers exceptional wicking properties. The Redline LS Tee offers great versatility and works well as part of your layering system. Ideal to be worn alone in warmer conditions or under additional layers for cooler conditions, the Redline LS Tee is very comfortable to wear.
Thanks to the drirelease fabric and Polygiene anti-microbial technology, the Redline LS Tee benefits from not only being highly wicking but also for having permanent odour control for longer, sustained use. Featuring a women's slim fit and a crew neck, the Redline LS Tee should be a staple in everyone's wardrobe this season.
What do you think of Mountain Equipment Womens Redline LS Tee - Tasman Stripe/Moorland?


Throughout the years, I have bought, and received, a lot of souvenirs. Little things, or not so little things, that I have picked up on travels to remind me of where I have been, and what I did there. Traveling relatives and friends have also picked up gifts here and there. Most of these things have been thrown out or packed away- not because I didn't appreciate the thought, but because I didn't have any use for them and they took up too much space.
Traditional souvenirs have the name of the location prominently displayed. They are usually impractical and cheaply made. Most are marketing tools that we, as tourists, pay for, so that we can bring our treasured memento home and advertise for the company in the comfort of our own living rooms. Whoever thought this idea up was a genius. While they are great show-and-tell pieces when telling others about our travels, they usually don't have a long term place in our lives. Eventually, they will be packed away and forgotten about to make room for something else.
I am definitely not saying that souvenirs are bad. I love them- the cheesy t-shirts, the stuffed animals, the magnets¦ I just think that there is a better way to preserve our memories. And, really, how many of us make the I Heart Atlanta t-shirt one of our fashion staples? Aren't there better things to spend $25 on?
Souvenirs should be something special and personal that remind you of the great time you had on your vacation. Did you visit the beach? Pick up a few shells. How about the ticket stubs for that fantastic show you went to see? How about the work of a local painter or photographer? Purchasing the work of local artists not only gives you a souvenir you can proudly display for years to come, but also helps the local economy of the area you're visiting. Postcards are cheap, and make great mementos. Not to mention, the pictures are probably better than most of us would take on our own. Souvenir cups or mugs are great because they're useful both during the trip and at home. They are definitely a better alternative to using the foam coffee cups that come in most budget hotel rooms.
What do you collect? I love buffalos. So if I can find a buffalo anything at the place I'm visiting, it's coming home with me. Cheesy or not. I know a lot of people who collect those tiny spoons, wind chimes, or even business cards. These things always make great souvenirs, because they are special to you.
There are some great souvenirs out there, available at almost every vacation spot in the world. That doesn't mean you have to buy them. Find mementos that suit your personal tastes and style. One small, but special, souvenir is worth more than all of the shirt-wearing teddy bears or plastic snow globes in the world.
Want some more great souvenir ideas? Check out this post at The Simple Dollar. They've listed some wonderful tips for finding meaningful mementos.
What are some souvenirs that you've brought home? Which ones were the most special?


Influencer Marketing Hub's new iOS and Android Apps offer news, Influencer Marketing Platform reviews and Agency Case Studies that to all Micro-Influencers, Marketing agencies and platforms and enables its users to stay up to date with industry trends and resources. Find Industry Events and Conferences and access leading Influencer Marketing ebooks and Guides from your mobile phone.
The Youtube Money Calculator enables Youtube Influencers to easily calculate potential earnings on their Youtube channels and video views based on length of video views and other engagement metrics. Find out How much Youtubers earn on their channels with the Youtube money estimator.
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Up and coming Influencers will also soon get access to unlimited training resources and guides on how to make money on youtube, how to become an instagram influencer and a host of other training material to help influencers succeed.


A major car parts manufacturer using System21 / Aurora had serious stock discrepancies in MRP files across several stock rooms. Physical stock did not match stock in lot control. This was preventing the fulfilment of orders from AOP. TeS consultants investigated and discovered a system bug in a Manufacturing program. This was corrected and the data recovered, allowing works orders to be completed and despatches to be made.


U.S investor is distancing himself from politics.
U.S. investor Michael Calvey wants to steer away from the politicization of his detention on suspicion of multimillion dollar fraud in Russia, he told Russian tabloid Moskovsky Komsomolets in an interview.
"I don't want to politicize this story and try to distance myself from everything that could lead to that," Calvey told the Moskovsky Komsomolets tabloid on Monday.
Prosecutors have charged Calvey with 2.5 billion rubles ($38.8 million) in fraud along with three other executives from the Baring Vostok private equity group he founded. Calvey denies the allegations, saying the case is being used against him in a business dispute over a Russian bank in which he is a shareholder.
The interview came after reports that Baring Vostok has hired a Kremlin-linked law firm to fight Calvey's charges.


On Wednesday, May 16, at approximately 9:57 p.m., the Vidor Police Department received a phone call from the Walmart located at 1360 N. Main in Vidor in reference to a theft in progress. The caller advised dispatch that a white male was attempting to return merchandise that he had removed from a shelf inside the store in order to get cash from customer service staff. Loss prevention personnel attempted to detain the suspect, identified by police as 24-year-old Ryan Allen Prajzner, but he was able to elude them, knocking over four people on his way out the front door of the store, which elevated the charge from robbery to theft.
As the responding officer arrived at Walmart, he saw the suspect running from the store and gave chase, as did two good Samaritans. The officer found Prajzner attempting to hide along the fence line of a nearby residence. When the officer told him to stop, Prajzner jumped over the fence to avoid detention and bruised more than his ego, sustaining injuries to his ankle and his scrotum, according to police. He was found lying on the other side of the fence before he was detained and brought back to Walmart.
Prajzner, who had reportedly just been released from the Jefferson County Jail the day before, was admitted into the hospital for the ankle injury and bruised scrotum. Prajzner could soon find himself out of the hospital and back behind bars, this time at the Orange County Jail, as detectives plan to file charges related to the robbery.
A criminal database search revealed Prajzner has a history of theft and possession of a controlled substance and has had two short stints in state jail in Huntsville.
"The Vidor Police Department would like to thank the good Samaritans for coming to the aid of the officer during this foot chase," Carroll said following the incident.


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Proteomics reveals the E-cadherin interaction network
by National University of Singapore
Figure: Schematic representation of E-cadherin and interactome proteins at an adherens junction
Researchers at the Mechanobiology Institute have comprehensively described the network of proteins involved in cell-cell adhesions, or the cadherin interactome. This work was published in Science Signaling .
Unlocking the complexity of cell adhesion
Many biological processes depend on the ability of cells to stick to one another. The formation of multicellular organisms and precise embryonic development rely on this property, as does the maintenance of healthy tissue. Defects in the ability of cells to adhere to one another have been found in many diseases, such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease and cardiovascular disease. In the case of cancer, ineffective cell adhesion allows tumour cells to detach and invade other tissues, thereby spreading cancer throughout the body.
Cell-cell adhesion is made possible through various cellular structures that are collectively known as cell-cell adhesion complexes. The most prominent cell-cell adhesion complex is the Adherens Junction. Central to adherens junctions is a protein known as E-cadherin, or epithelial cadherin. E-cadherin spans the cell membrane, providing a link between the interior, and exterior of the cell. Outside the cell, E-cadherin binds to other E-cadherins from neighbouring cells in a mechanism that can be described as a 'cellular handshake'. On the inside of the cell, E-cadherin binds to linker proteins known as catenins, which attach to a structural scaffold that lies adjacent to the adhesion site, the actin cytoskeleton. This physical link between the cytoskeletons of neighboring cells allows for the generation and transduction of mechanical signals.
Despite their importance in cell-cell adhesion, scientists have yet to fully understand how the cadherin-catenin-actin complex forms and is regulated. To extend the idea of cell adhesion being like a 'cellular handshake', imagine walking along a crowded street while holding hands with a partner. Moving together with the flow of people, navigating obstacles, adjusting your speed and responding to changes in conditions must all be considered if you are to reach your destination without letting go. Similarly, cells must maintain their adhesion while facing varying stresses and biochemical conditions. Hence, the adhesive structures are regulated and adjusted, via a complex network of structural and regulatory proteins. Where defective adhesion has led to a certain disease it is essential to understand where the problem lies and this requires stepping back and looking at the whole picture.
To better identify the components of this wider network in maintaining and regulating adhesion, researchers at the Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, applied a combination of experimental and computational techniques to reveal and dissect the complex network of proteins that interact with E-cadherin. To achieve this, E-cadherin was labelled with an enzyme that, when activated, releases a small cloud of a tagging molecule to flag all other proteins in the immediate vicinity. When coupled with quantitative proteomics, this provides a list of proteins interacting with E-cadherin, thus capturing many of the proteins that influence the adhesive properties of the cell.
Overall 561 proteins were found to be associated with E-cadherin, and remarkably 419 of these interactions were completely novel. Using a protein interaction database, the researchers created a map of the E-cadherin interactome that contains information on the function of each protein and its interactions with other proteins within the network. The majority of proteins found were identified as adaptor proteins, which serve as scaffolds within the Adherens Junction. Other proteins involved in cellular transport and protein synthesis were also identified. Interestingly, the researchers found that most of the proteins that associated with E-cadherin did so independently of cell-cell adhesion.
This study highlights that cell adhesion results not only from the formation of a cadherin-catenin-actin complex, but from the activity of more than 500 interacting proteins. Successful cell adhesion requires a cascade of events involving these proteins and any breakdown in this cascade could lead to impaired cell adhesion, and disease. With the E-cadherin interactome now described in detail, researchers can finally step back and view the complex picture that is cell-cell adhesion. This will allow disease related defects to be identified, and new targets researched to understand this vital biological process.
New study defines the long-sought structure of a protein necessary for cell-cell interaction
More information: Guo et al. "E-cadherin interactome complexity and robustness resolved by quantitative proteomics," Science Signaling, 02 Dec 2014, Vol 7, Issue 354 stke.sciencemag.org/content/7/354/rs7.abstract
Journal information: Science Signaling
Provided by National University of Singapore
Citation: Proteomics reveals the E-cadherin interaction network (2014, December 3) retrieved 16 July 2019 from https://phys.org/news/2014-12-proteomics-reveals-e-cadherin-interaction-network.html
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Think You Don't Need A Recruitment Agency? Here's Why You're Wrong.
You might not like the idea of using a recruitment agency to find suitable candidates for a position in your organisation. It might be the fact that you have to pay for the service that puts you off or even the belief that you know what you want in a new employee – so why bother getting outside help?
Top drawer candidates: An experienced recruiter will have a strong network of possible candidates at their fingertips. This gives them the opportunity to match one of these candidates with your job spec. This will save you countless hours of advertising, searching, and ultimately working through CVs that don't match what you're looking for. This is especially useful for niche positions that may be filled by passive candidates (individuals who are not actively looking for work but have a strong relationship with the recruiter).
Industry know-how: Most recruitment agencies focus on certain industries and have strong market knowledge. This means they can help your organisation design a job spec or give advice on current market salaries, trends, and opportunities. Acting as your partner in the market, they can make sure you don't waste your time or energy with an outdated spec, unrealistic expectations, or staid recruitment methods.
All checked out: From credentials to past work references to criminal records, recruitment agencies will vet candidates so you don't have to. This will help you to avoid a bad hire or nasty surprise before a new person has even joined your organisation.
Brand ambassadors: Developing a strong relationship with your recruitment agency means that they will act as ambassadors for your brand, 'selling' your organisation to suitable candidates by offering them insight into your organisation and how it works. Factors such as an understanding of the company culture and the best type of candidate for a role, go a long way in securing excellent employees and determining the long-term success of a future hire.
Trustworthy temps: Some recruitment agencies offer temporary services for organisations needing to fill a short term gap or hold the fort while searching for a suitable candidate. These temporary hires can be lifesavers. And, if they come from your trusted recruiter, you can rest assured that your urgent need will be their first priority.
Working with a reputable recruitment agency will save you time, money, and energy. And it will dramatically increase your chances of getting the best candidate for the job – which is what you want, after all.


Chef Michelle Bernstein is one of the biggest culinary names in Florida – her restaurant Michy's is one of Miami's best, according to our last survey. We recently sat down to talk to her at Crumb on Parchment, her more casual bakery in cafe in the city's Design District. In the video above, Bernstein shares her thoughts on the city's bustling scene, working with significant others and offers some career advice for those who are interested in the biz.


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The North Face outlet and outdoor outfitter giant as it's known today was started in 1966 by its founder Doug Tompkins who wanted to bring the joy, curiosity, and adventure of the natural world to people of all backgrounds, capabilities, and walks of life. With the first The North Face collection the company saw to it to produce functional gear that was free of any gimmicks or gadgets for the intrepid wanderer.
The North Face was named for the coldest, most brutal side of a mountain, though Tompkins dreamed up his idea for a brand that would go on to inspire mountaineers and hikers, on a beach in San Francisco. A little shop soon followed that provided high-performance climbing and backpacking equipment to a Northern Californian market. The demand for these items was so high that The North Face eventually started to manufacture their own apparel and equipment. At OutletShirts, our North Face discounts on all products makes the choice to buy The North Face brand at North Face outlet prices even easier.
The love of the great outdoors was imbued not just in every product but in the brand's ethos. From the 1960s and onward, the brand began sponsoring outdoor athletes and far-flung expeditions to still unexplored parts of the world. The wonder and beauty of the natural world and the call of the wild became the company's mantra: "Never Stop Exploring."
In the decades that followed, The North Face branded out into cold weather skiwear and snowsports athletics, as well as rolling out The North Face online and The North Face Outlet. The venture quickly earned the company the distinction of being the only US supplier to offer a full collection of high-performance outerwear, from hiking and skiwear, to sleeping bags, tents, and packs. Since then The North Face has continued to push boundaries and prompted the world to get out and explore. It has since launched Tekware, which is designed to expertly equip backpackers, rock climbers, hikers, trail runners, and other outdoor enthusiasts. The North Face logo continues to fly high above marathons, races, and expeditions around the world, from Everest Base Camp to the Sahara Desert. In the same commitment to the natural world, The North Face outlet has continually strived to fund conservation projects and educational opportunities that promote the splendor and opportunities of the environment. For any outdoor enthusiast, our North Face discounts are too good to ignore.
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Hyundai recently launched the face-lifted version of its premium hatchback the i20. The i20 is the first successful premium hatch in India and this is the first face-lift for it since its launch in 2009. The USP of the i20 has been its ubercool styling and the ultra posh interiors. Although the old i20 has had its own share of problems like steering rattling issues and a weak air conditioner, it was a definite hit with the public and the sales show it. Let's see what Hyundai has got to offer with the new i20.
1) The 1.2 litre Kappa Petrol Engine which generates 83 BHP.
2) The 1.4 litre Gamma Automatic Petrol Engine which generates 99 BHP.
3) The 1.4 litre CRDi Diesel Engine which generates 89 BHP.
As you can see in the pic above, the interiors look even more better and refreshed than that of the previous gen i20. The new i20 also retains the steering mounted audio controls and all the features of the old i20 apart from getting the push start/stop button, rear view camera & auto head lights.
In the exterior, the new i20 gets an all new bumper and grille which resemble the one on the Fluidic Verna. The new i20 retains the same fluidic design from the side view apart from a few cuts and it also gets redesigned tail lamps which integrate well with the overall design.
On a whole, I feel that Hyundai has done a good job with the face-lifted version and also I heard that the air conditioner's performance is a little better now due to the redesigned vents although it is of the same capacity. We will have to wait for some more time to see whether the steering rattling issue has been settled or not.


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