Japanese scientist Akira Suzuki receives a flower bouquet at Hokkaido University. Richard Heck and Japanese counterparts Ei-ichi Negishi and Suzuki were awarded the Nobel Chemistry Prize for forging a toolkit to manipulate carbon atoms. Their work paves the way for new drugs to fight cancer and for revolutionary plastics.
Three scientists shared the 2010 Nobel Prize for Chemistry on Wednesday for forging a toolkit to manipulate carbon atoms, paving the way for new drugs to fight cancer and for revolutionary plastics.
Richard Heck of the United States and Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki of Japan were hailed for producing "great art in a test tube."
The trio separately made outstanding contributions in organic chemistry, a field whose basis is carbon, one of the essential elements of life and also of innumerable industrial synthetics.
"It is important to emphasise the great significance their discoveries have for both academic and industrial research and in the production of fine chemicals -- including pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals and high-tech materials -- that benefit society," the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences said.
Through their work, organic chemistry has developed into "an art form, where scientists produce marvellous chemical creations in their test tubes," it said.
Heck, 79, retired in 1989 from the University of Delaware in the United States; Negishi, 75, was also based in the United States, at Purdue University in Indiana; Suzuki, 80, was based at Hokkaido University in Sapporo, Japan.
The trio developed a process known as palladium-catalysed cross coupling, a means of knitting carbon atoms together so that they form a stable "skeleton" for organic molecules.
It has allowed chemists to synthesise compounds to fight colon cancer, the herpes virus and HIV, as well as smarter plastics that are used in consumer applications, such as ultra-thin computer monitors.
The discoveries "have had a great impact on academic research, the development of new drugs and materials, and are used in many industrial chemical processes for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other biologically active compounds," the academy said.
The Nobel has been awarded on four previous occasions for breakthroughs in organic chemistry -- in 1912, 1950, 1979 and 2005.
In the 1960s, Heck laid the groundwork for coupling between carbon atoms by using a catalyser, or chemical to promote the process.
This was fine-tuned in 1977 by Negishi, who used a field of compounds known as organohalides, and taken a step further by Suzuki, who found a practical way to carry out the process using so-called organoborons.
Each of the three have lent their names to important chemical reactions. The Nobel jury pointed out that "today the Heck reaction, Negishi reaction and Suzuki reaction are of considerable importance to chemists."
Negishi said in an telephone interview with Swedish television that he was "sound asleep" when he got the crucial phone from Stockholm at around 5:00 am at home in Indiana.
Ei-ichi Negishi was awarded the Nobel Chemistry Prize by the Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. Negishi, Akira Suzuki and Richard Heck were awarded the Nobel Chemistry Prize for forging a toolkit to manipulate carbon atoms. Their work paves the way for new drugs to fight cancer and for revolutionary plastics.
US scientist Richard Heck has awarded a share of the Nobel Chemistry Prize by the Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm. Ei-ichi Negishi Negishi, Akira Suzuki and Heck were given the award for forging a toolkit to manipulate carbon atoms. Their work paves the way for new drugs to fight cancer and for revolutionary plastics.
"I am extremely happy," he said.
He said there had been "some people mumbling" that he could be awarded the Nobel, leading him to "vaguely" consider the possibility of becoming a Nobel laureate.
Suzuki told a press conference at Hokkaido University that he was "very pleased to have received such an honourable prize."
"It is especially important for such a resource-scarce country like Japan to develop in the area of science, because (Japan) can only thrive on its people's efforts to build knowledge," Suzuki added.
"I want to continue working for the betterment of younger generations," the 80-year-old laureate said.
Britain's Royal Society of Chemistry said it was not surprised by Suzuki's award, only that it had come so late.
He retired as a professor in 1994 after reaching a mandatory retirement age but remains an emeritus professor at Hokkaido, the university's website said.
"I'm very pleased to receive the prize," Heck told AFP when reached by telephone in the Philippines, where he now lives, saying dozens of people had gathered to congratulate him.
Heck, who retired in 1989, called his discovery "a useful laboratory reaction, with major applications in industry."
"But much of that is secret, and that is because they want to keep their patents" closely guarded, he said.
The American Chemical Society President Joseph Francisco said in a statement the Nobel committee's selection of Heck, Negishi and Suzuki was "wonderful."
"The winners are among the foremost scientists of our era," he said.
"Their research has led to creation of new molecules and compounds that have improved the lives of millions of people."
Last year, Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas Steitz and Ada Yonath won the Chemistry Prize for work on the ribosome, a cellular process that makes proteins, the stuff of life.
Heck, Negishi and Suzuki will share 10 million Swedish kronor (1.49 million dollars, 1.09 million euros) and each receive a medal.
Richard F. Heck, one of three scientists who share this year's Nobel Prize in Chemistry, created a chemical tool that opened up new research possibilities for chemists and medical researchers.
Now an emeritus professor at the University of Delaware, Heck was named Wednesday as one of three professors sharing the 2010 Nobel prize for his invention of a chemical reaction that bears his name.
The so-called palladium-catalyzed cross coupling may be little known outside Heck's field, but to chemists it threw open the door for a range of experiments previously stymied by the difficulty of inducing carbon atoms to react with one another.
The Heck reaction, and those developed by his co-winners Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki, collects stubborn carbon atoms on a palladium atom, where they are close enough to react.
Born 1931 in Springfield, Massachusetts, Heck obtained his Ph.D. in 1954 from the University of California, Los Angeles. He received his undergraduate degree from the same institution.
After graduating, he spent time at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich and then worked at a Delaware chemical firm called Hercules Powder.
In 1971, he joined the faculty of the University of Delaware's Chemistry and Biochemistry Department, where he developed the reaction for which he would become most famous.
University president Patrick Harker said the school was "exceptionally proud" of Heck and his research.
"This is a tremendous accomplishment for Professor Heck and his colleagues, acknowledging the development of a tremendously sophisticated tool that will aid scientists to make potential cancer drugs and medicines," university provost Tom Apple said in a statement.
In 2006, his work earned him the Herbert C. Brown Award for Creative Research in Synthetic Methods from the American Chemical Society, which lauded the "profound impact" of the Heck reaction.
"The importance of this reaction cannot be overstated," the society said.
On Wednesday, ACS President Joseph Francisco said the Nobel committee's selection of Heck, Negishi and Suzuki was "wonderful."
"The winners are among the foremost scientists of our era," he said in a statement.
"Their research has led to creation of new molecules and compounds that have improved the lives of millions of people. It gave us revolutionary new medicines, plastics and other products that improve the lives of people everywhere."
Heck retired from the University of Delaware in 1989, moving to Florida while retaining the title of Willis F. Harrington Professor Emeritus.
The university established an award and lectureship in his name in 2004 "to recognize visionary leadership in the field of organometallic chemistry, and to honor the contributions of Richard F. Heck."
Japan's Prime Minister Naoto Kan Wednesday congratulated two Japanese scientists -- Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki -- awarded the 2010 Nobel Chemistry Prize shared with an American researcher.
"I am very delighted that the two received the Nobel Chemistry Prize," Kan told reporters.
Kan said that on hearing the news he immediately telephoned Suzuki, a professor emeritus at Hokkaido University on the northern main island of the same name, and congratulated him on his achievement.
"Mr Suzuki then requested that the government make better use of Japan's science and technology capabilities, which are at the top of the global standard," Kan said.
Suzuki and Negishi, who is based at Purdue University of Indiana shared this year's chemistry prize with Richard Heck of the United States for pioneering research in linking carbon atoms.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences lauded the trio's work in "the development of palladium-catalysed cross coupling."
The jury said the tool "vastly improved the possibilities for chemists to create sophisticated chemicals," and had applications in medical, electronics and agricultural fields.


text:
Oral History Interview with Reverend Lloyd Wake
Nisei male, born January 1, 1922 in Reedley, California to a farm family raising grapes. The two boys and six girls attended Japanese language school on Saturdays for eight years. As eldest son, Lloyd�s brother went to university instead of taking over the farm. Lloyd felt obliged to assume farm responsibilities but his call to the ministry won out. In August 1942, when Lloyd was twenty, the family was sent to Poston, Arizona where he saw the transition of church leadership from Issei ministers to Nisei ones. Lloyd met Nisei seminarians who inspired him to join them. Under the Student Relocation Authority Program he left camp to attend Asbury Seminary in Kentucky. He left Asbury as a 4th year seminarian for American Baptist Seminary in Berkeley, California. He was ordained in 1950 and named as pastor at Pine Methodist Church, San Francisco, a Japanese American congregation. His ministry was to the Nisei whom he served for seventeen years. Lloyd applied for a position at Glide Memorial Church in San Francisco and was hired as a minister while Reverend Cecil Williams was senior pastor. At Glide, Lloyd developed an Asian American constituency empowered to address issues relevant to them. He retired in 1980 but he manages an endowment fund for the National Federation of Asian American United Methodists. He and his wife conduct workshops to help Asian Americans understand, accept and have compassion for gays, lesbians and transgender people.
Wake, Lloyd

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Q: I'm having trouble retrieving a salt from a mysql database using mysql.data. (c#) I am creating a chat program, and I am using the mysql database to handle the log in information for all of the users. The login is fairly simple. The password that is in the database is SHA256 hashed with a salt at the end. I need to retrieve the salt from the database and hash it with the entered password to see if it matches the one in the database, and if it does, the user will be logged in. But I am having troubles retrieving the salt. One example of a salt that I am trying to retrieve is:

q'³SÁ(–¤Lí˜ÕEÁÞf-]'›š²ìs®§ "

. All I can successfully retrieve is this:

q'³SÁ(–¤Lí˜ÕEÁ

Here is my code for retrieving the salt:

private void GetSalt()
        {
            try
            {
                MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(GlobalData.MySQLConnectionString);
                MySqlCommand saltQuery = conn.CreateCommand();
                saltQuery.CommandText = "SELECT salt FROM users WHERE email = @email";
                saltQuery.Parameters.AddWithValue("@email", this._enteredEmail);
                conn.Open();
                MySqlDataReader saltReader = saltQuery.ExecuteReader();
                while (saltReader.Read())
                {
                    this._salt = saltReader.GetString("salt");
                }
            }
            catch (MySqlException ex)
            {
                throw ex;
            }
        }

Any idea why I can't retrieve the full salt?
P.S.-> All the user information is created through a website and hashed using PHP. I don't know if that is needed information or not.

A: I would recommend to use the BCrypt.Net library, not only does it provide an appropriate algorithm for password hashing, it also handles the generation of a safe salt. Because the salt will be included in the resulting hash-value, there is no need for a separate field in the database.
Fast hash algorithms like MD5, SHA-1 or even SHA-256 are not good choices to hash passwords, because they are way too fast and therefore can be brute-forced too easily. Instead one should use a slow key-derivation function like BCrypt or PBKDF2 with a cost factor.
// Hash a new password for storing in the database.
// The function automatically generates a cryptographically safe salt.
string hashToStoreInDb = BCrypt.HashPassword(password);

// Check if the hash of the entered login password, matches the stored hash.
// The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from existingHashFromDb.
bool isPasswordCorrect = BCrypt.Verify(password, existingHashFromDb);

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Ryan Rodney Reynolds (born October 23, 1976) is a Canadian actor. He portrayed Michael Bergen on the ABC sitcom Two Guys and a Girl (1998–2001), Billy Simpson in the YTV Canadian teen soap opera Hillside (1991), as well as Marvel Comics characters Hannibal King in Blade: Trinity (2004), Wade Wilson / Weapon XI in X-Men Origins: Wolverine (2009), and the title character in Deadpool (2016) for which he received a Golden Globe Award nomination. Description above from the Wikipedia article Ryan Reynolds, licensed under CC-BY-SA, full list of contributors on Wikipedia.


Purpose: The purpose of this experiment is primarily to find a substitute fluid to fill a water pistol with which will allow for more distance and pressure.
Hypothesis: The hypothesis of this experiment is that more proficient "ammo" can be found to fill a water gun with due to a multitude of variables (difference in surface tension, density, ect.) between different substances.
Equipment: Needed for this experiment is a water pistol (used in this experiment was the super soaker 30), water, vinegar (acetic acid), Rubbing alchol, Vegatable oil, a tape measure and a pen and paper.
Procedure: Essentially the main steps of this experiment include filling the resivoir to the top with the substance to be tested, holding the gun at a 45 degree angle at 1 arms lenght and measuring from the feet to the furthest distinguisable drop.
Conclusion: Judging from the results, it would appear that one substance was able to out perform water. Apparently this could be attributed to a difference in surface tension between the two substances, of which the higher surface tension of water causes higher friction and thus less force as it leaves the gun. Whether this is the case or not is unclear, however, one very suprising result was the relative effectiveness of vegatable oil out of the gun, which was almost able to travel the same distance as water. At this point Scientific AmeriKen would like to state that it frowns upon any use of oils or acids in water pistol fights.
Click here to view the actual lab book for this experiment.


I admire, respect, and am even inspired by Picasso's art, but he didn't paint like a child. At least not like a 2-year-old.
I have no reason to doubt that he attained a child's intense curiosity as he worked with his chosen medium, losing himself in the pigment, moisture, and texture of paint, but I don't think that's what he was talking about. I think Picasso meant to say that it took him a lifetime to make paintings like a child. That I see. That I get. That, I think, he achieved. When Picasso knocks me over it's when it appears he's painting as if remembering what was like before having acquired an adult understanding of perspective, color, and shape. But Picasso was still talking about product, which by definition means he was not painting like a child.
For an adult to actually paint like a child, I think, is impossible. I won't call it wisdom, this superiority children have over adults, because I think that's a function of experience, but it is an appreciation of this moment that transcends wisdom. It looks to me like a kind of immersive spiritual experience, one where there is only doing and being. Adults can't get there, if at all, without years and years of training with great masters who live on mountain tops. So, maybe that's what Picasso was talking about, but even then he couldn't help but make paintings that he hoped were destined to hang on walls.
We put their names on the paper for ourselves, as an act of administration.
trying to erase something that doesn't belong there.
This week, we taught the technique of putting paint on paper, folding it in half, then opening it again. By "teaching" I mean we provided paint, spoons, and construction paper that was gently scored in the center, then presented the idea of folding the paper over.
Most of them eventually do come around to trying this rudimentary exercise in symmetry, but painting with spoons comes first: not just dolloping on globs of paint the way I showed them, but fully exploring the possibility of the tools at hand.
The back of the spoon, they all find, is the one that gives them the most control when manipulating paint on the paper, while the concave part is best for conveying paint from the cups.
Unless we tell them, there is no preconceived notion of how much paint to use or even that it must stay on the paper. Sometimes our parent-teachers can't help themselves, gently harping on the kids about "waste" or "mess." I try to make a point of instructing them in advance, "Be generous: paint is cheap. Don't clean up until they walk away."
Sitting beside her, I demonstrated the fold over technique for a few children standing nearby. Finally, she imitated me, pressing her paper over, pressing down with her fingertips, paint oozing out and onto the floor. She said, brightly, "Oopsie." I echoed, brightly, "Oopsie." Then we watched as it dripped, leaving the not-mess because that is part of this moment and messes, by definition, belong in the future, outside of our time.
This is where we Picassos would have stopped, our product suitable for hanging, but even as my words of false eureka hung in the air, her spoon was back in action, moving paint, mixing paint, adding paint, pushing paint right onto the floor, turning this ostensible exercise in symmetry back into one about not-symmetry, about spoons, about paper, about paint.
She walked away when she was done, moving as her moment guided her, flowing like paint before a spoon to whatever was next in her ongoing process of not-art. It's only me who can't wait to get back to school to see what it looks like when it dries.
Thanks for the fascinating post. I'm been thinking a lot about how I can facilitate my daughter's (19 months) creativity. Like you say, the simplest, yet hardest, way is just to stand back and do nothing! My most recent post on my blog shows how I arrived at this.
Another great post Teacher Tom.
I just had a similar experience in my classroom today! I put out 3 kinds of paint with large paint brushes, and the (only!) two boys in my class spent at least 30 minutes at the easel just experimenting with the colors and experimenting with placing the paint on to the paper. They were amazed at the colors they came up with, and at the different textures of paint they could make with just a paintbrush. Process art at its best. It was fascinating to watch!
I love to watch children be creative. Just grabbing a pencil, pen, paint, whatever to create art of some sort and throwing on paper or anything. You get to see what they are thinking in their heads and in the end you get something truly amazing. To children their are no boundaries for art, they just go with the flow. It is really great. This was a great post. I love the pictures.
"It is an appreciation of this moment that transcends wisdom. It looks to me like a kind of immersive spiritual experience, one where there is only doing and being." Well said.
To be content with every form the artwork takes (including the transition to non-art)...sounds like the perspective of a truly joyful artist!


text:
Mind & Braind
Only Sound
Gallery: Curious acts about the British monarchy without Queen Elizabeth II
Published: - Sep 23, 2022
With the death of Queen Elizabeth II, the United Kingdom and many other countries must make costly changes .
Photos: TW-RoyalFamily
LatinAmerican Post | Santiago Gómez Hernández
Escucha este artículo
Leer en español: Galería: Datos curiosos de la monarquía británica sin la Reina Isabel II
On September 8, the British Royal House confirmed the death of Queen Elizabeth II. The monarch lasted 70 years of reign, the longest in the history of the country and one of the longest in humanity. Precisely, the duration of the reign of Elizabeth II was so long that almost no one had experienced a change of king in England until now .
Read also: United States: The legislative elections that will reveal the image of Joe Biden before the country
But with the change of the monarch, there are also many other changes. From a change in the successor line to changes in passports.
Despite the fact that since the death of Queen Elizabeth, Carlos became king, his coronation has not yet been celebrated. There is no specific date, and you will have to wait for the mourning to end, but Queen Elizabeth II lasted a year to be crowned.
By Santiago Gómez Hernández
Queen Elizabeth's Death Reopens The Republican Debate


text:
NAAOP Responds to White House Reply to "WE THE PEOPLE" Petition on Proposed Medicare Coverage Restrictions for Lower Limb Prostheses
Washington, D.C.-The National Association for the Advancement of Orthotics and Prosthetics (NAAOP) issued its response today to the White House's "initial" reply to the "We the People" petition requesting the President to rescind the draft Medicare Local Coverage Determination for Lower Limb Prostheses (DL 33787). The White House response to the petition was posted October 16th.
While not a substantive reply to the petition's request, the White House acknowledged that it will provide an "update" in the future. The White House's initial response mentions that "HHS has met with stakeholders on this important issue, and both CMS and its contractors understand the questions that have been raised about access to the right prosthetic care – including related technologies – for Medicare beneficiaries." It also states that "CMS wants to make clear that they're committed to providing high quality care to all Medicare beneficiaries."
Peter W. Thomas, NAAOP General Counsel, noted that, "While we would have preferred a final answer instructing the DME MACs to rescind the draft LCD, we are encouraged that the White House recognized the need to publicly respond and provide this initial update. NAAOP will continue to work with CMS and the White House and press the issue by educating legislators and government officials to achieve the outcome both Medicare beneficiaries with limb loss and privately-insured amputees in the United States deserve."
David McGill, NAAOP President, added, "After attracting over 100,000 signatures in 17 days, witnessing the prosthetic and orthotic community submit thousands of public comments, and participating in both an amputee protest and a high-level meeting with CMS and HHS officials, we cannot hide our disappointment that the draft LCD has not yet been rescinded. But we take CMS at its word that they understand the concerns we have raised and look forward to working with them to achieve a good outcome for patients, their families, and the providers who serve them. NAAOP will recommit itself to advocacy work on this vital issue."
Rescission of the draft LCD is critical because it lacks virtually any clinical or medical evidence to support its proposals while other payers look to it for guidance. United Healthcare has already discontinued coverage of vacuum socket technology by referencing the draft Medicare policy. "NAAOP believes strongly that the public must be offered another opportunity to comment on the final LCD when it is announced. The draft LCD was so fundamentally flawed that the next iteration must be considered a draft subject to public comment," stated McGill.
NAAOP had previously announced that it had surpassed the 100,000 signature mark on its "We the People" White House petition on July 17, 2015. The petition, which calls for the Obama Administration to "rescind the Medicare proposal restricting access to prosthetic limbs and returning amputees to 1970's standards of care," was supposed to have received a formal response from the White House by October 16th.
Numerous organizations endorsed and promoted the petition, including the Amputee Coalition, a consumer organization, as well as professional organizations such as the American Orthotic & Prosthetic Association (AOPA), the American Academy of Orthotists and Prosthetists (AAOP), the American Board for Certification in Orthotics, Prosthetics and Pedorthics (ABC), the Board of Certification, International (BOC), the National Commission on Orthotic and Prosthetic Education (NCOPE), prosthetic clinics and business, as well as multiple organizations representing rehabilitation hospitals, physician organizations and disability groups through a coalition known as the ITEM Coalition.
For future updates on this and other orthotic and prosthetic issues, please link to NAAOP's Twitter and Facebook page or visit www.NAAOP.org.
Contact: Peter W. Thomas
Peter.Thomas@ppsv.com
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