This is the main body of the press release means that this is the place where you share all the information you want to while making sure it is newsworthy. But before you go into writing the details, you first need to write the date and the name of the city where of the press release originated from. The body must answer all the important W's (what, why, who, when and where) in the body of the press release.


Nalani & Sarina, a WLOY favorite, is returning to McGuire Hall for another time on February 4th at 8pm for a FREE show!
This power twin pop duo over takes the stage with awesome performances every time. They are constantly given amazing reviews on their fresh sound brought on by their talented instrumentalists, singing, and song writing skills.
These New Jersey natives have been living and breathing music since they were children as they were born into a very musical household. They have gone from that to recording an incredibly thoughtful album, "Lessons Learned", which is truly great! Check out their website here and learn more about Nalani & Sarina.
This will be a FREE show you will want to miss! February 4th at 8pm in McGuire, be there!!
Next Thursday the WLOY Open Mic Night is back Loyola! Come showcase some of your awesome talents you picked up over the winter break, we want to hear them! Did you write a new song you want to share? Hear a new song you want to cover? New jokes? New poetry? The 3rd Floor Reading on January 28th at 8pm is the spot to do it!
We all know it is your New Years resolution to perform so come out and knock it off the list in a big way! WLOY will be there to support you. Bring your friends; bring your family; just bring everyone and sit down with some FREE coffee! Cannot wait to see you guys there!
It's Christmas so you know it's time for the annual Ultimate Christmas Shows on WLOY! Join Nick Centanni for 3 hours on Christmas Eve and another 3 hours on Christmas Day. This year Nick is joined by 10 (yes TEN) more special Christmas shows from WLOY DJs! We're going wall-to-wall with Christmas for 2 full days. So while you decorate, wrap gifts, drink eggnog, or just hang out by the fire make it a date and don't be late to tune in on Christmas Eve and for a second special on Christmas Day while shredding wrapping paper and admiring your new socks!
Holiday Shopping with the WLOY Card!
Wondering just what to get folks? Don't forget to use your WLOY Loyal Listener Card to get an additional savings on Food, Gifts, Services and more from our wonderful sponsors! The WLOY Loyal Listener Card is completely free. You can pick one up at the station (Bellarmine Hall on the Loyola campus), at the Loyola Student Activites office, or any WLOY event on campus or around town. Need one? Just ask! Have a wonderful holiday and save a few dollars thanks to WLOY and our great local shop owners! Forget the internet and shop LOCAL!
Not a Student was stirring, not even Bri Li.
In hopes that WLOY soon would be there.
Join WLOY for our last late night event of the semester this Thursday from 8-10pm in the 3rd floor reading room! Twas' the Open Mic Night Before Christmas! Bring your talents to belt out some of your favorite holiday tunes! The 3rd floor reading room will become a winter wonderland fit for Santa and all of his elves and reindeer (yes, reindeer are welcome).
Bring your own mug or your huge and cozy WLOY mug for some FREE cocoa! Don't worry if you forgot, our amazing 18 oz mugs will be there for purchase! There will be marshmallows and whip cream so you can create the ultimate hot chocolate experience! Annnd we all know that you have an ugly Christmas sweater lying around… Grandma might not have the best taste. But… Make sure you say thank you to Grandma because ugliest christmas sweater gets a prize!
Come to the third floor reading room ready to sing some tunes and proudly wearing your ugliest Christmas sweater!
With the holiday and cold weather quickly approaching it is important that we take the time to think of others who are less fortunate. Fight Hunger is a national campaign aimed to aide in providing food for those who are in dire need. It is an excellent and creative campaign! The idea is to film one big fight sequence from Austin to Philadelphia. What a cool way to promote such an important cause! By the way, one of those stops is Baltimore! Check out their go fund me page here, and donate! They are also accepting canned goods! So raid your cupboards or hit the grocery store and then drop it all off at the WLOY station by December 14th! We are looking forward to seeing a huge pile! They also accept clothing!
Loyola Radio Celebrates 40th Anniversary!
This Thursday marks a momentous occasion, with the 40th anniversary of Loyola Radio's founding! Loyola radio started on a happy day, November 19, 1975 originally under the call letters WVLC (The Voice of Loyola College). It was founded by John Franklin- '76 grad, and Jay Guyther- grad of '78. We then became WLCR (Loyola College Radio) until 2002 when we became your favorite radio station, WLOY!
In order to celebrate 40 incredible years, this Saturday from 1-5pm we will be having alumni from the 70's to present, stop by to speak with us about where they are now and what it was like "back in the day." We will have a live show with some of the alumni telling us some funny stories of their days in the station. The current staff will be giving tours of the station and giving updates on what we have been up to lately, and some funny stories of our own. There will be food, of course! It will be a great day filled with some celebration and stories!
So let's give a big happy birthday to Loyola Radio!
Stop by the 3rd floor reading room Thursday, November 19 for WLOY's FREE coffee house to see Mark Hopkins give a great performance! Mark Hopkins, a Baltimore native (woot woot), is a rockin', rock n' roll artist. He is a veteran performer, out on the road since 1997 performing his original songs in various venues. Hopkins is guaranteed to get you moving along to his sweet tunes and killer guitar! He exudes a "soulful, bluesy, funky" sound. Mark Hopkins and his band the Hotel have released two albums, Evidence and Room Service. Before heading to the show make sure to check out a song or two in case you don't already know him!
This month and December he will be playing all over Baltimore, but you should probably (definitely) catch him in the 3RD FLOOR READING ROOM with FREE coffee and snacks!
WLOY and the Caribbean Students Union (CSU) will be joining forces to bring you an awesome late night event from 7pm to 10pm on November 12th in McGuire Hall. CSU will be starting things off with a cultural event including delicious food, such as fried plantains and jerk chicken. There will be poets, music, dancers and both fun and knowledgeable activities. From 9pm to 10pm Jah Works, a great Baltimore-based reggae band, will be performing a great show for everyone! Jah Works has traveled the world performing for more than 20 years and 9 albums. We're excited that some of the band members are alumni of Loyola who met during study abroad in the 90s! They write and perform original reggae music! Jah Works are a high energy band that appeals to music listeners of all genres! Come out on Thursday to hear a great show and enjoy a great cultural event!
Check out a live performance from Jah Works!
Free to come and watch, $7 for endless treats!


Once states totalling 35% of the EU's population oppose the new Copyright Directive, they can form a "blocking minority" and kill it or cause it to be substantially refactored. With the Italians opposing the Directive because of its draconian new internet rules (rules introduced at the last moment, which have been hugely controversial), the reputed opponents of the Directive have now crossed the 35% threshold, thanks to Germany, Finland, the Netherlands, Slovenia, Belgium and Hungary.
Unfortunately, the opponents of Article 11 (the "link tax") and Article 13 (the copyright filters) are not united on their opposition — they have different ideas about what they would like to see done with these provisions. If they pull together, that could be the end of these provisions.
If you're a European this form will let you contact your MEP quickly and painlessly and let them know how you feel about the proposals.


text:
Question NW1248 to the Minister of Labour
21 May 2018 - NW1248
Bagraim, Mr M to ask the Minister of Labour
(1)Why were certain officials (names and details furnished) removed from their positions in 2016; (2)	were there any disciplinary steps taken against the specified individuals; if so, (a) why, (b) what steps were taken, (c) where are the specified individuals currently employed and (d) have their salaries decreased?
(1) The officials were removed from their positions following disciplinary steps taken against them.
(2) (a) The officials were removed from their positions following an investigation and discplinary hearings that were convened.
(2) (b) Mr T Thejane was issued with a final written warning and suspended without pay for one (1) month. Ms A Bobani was issued with a final written warning, suspended without pay for one (1) month and demoted from the level of Deputy-Director to Assistant-Director.
(2) (c ) Mr T Thejane is currently employed as the Chief Director: Communications and Ms A Bobani is employed as the Assistant-Director: UIF.
(2) (d) The salary of Mr T Thejane did not decrease but the salary of Ms A Bobani decreased from the level of Deputy-Director to Assistant-Director.
RNW1248-180521.docx

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
\section{Introduction}\label{se:introduction}

The purpose of the present article is to characterize the semilinear
bijections between vector spaces in terms of their action on certain
sets of subspaces. If $V$ is vector space (of finite or infinite
dimension) over a (not necessarily commutative) field $K$ then the
set of all subspaces $X$ of $V$ that are isomorphic to the quotient
space $V/X$ is denoted by $\cG$. We rule out all vector spaces of
finite odd dimension, since then $\cG$ is empty. It will be
convenient to turn $\cG$ into an undirected graph with vertex set
$\cG$; two vertices form an edge, whenever they are complements of
each other. This gives the \emph{distant graph} on $\cG$ (see
\ref{para:distant}). We adopt this name, as this graph is isomorphic
to the distant graph of the projective line over the ring
$\End_K(U)$, where $U$ is any element of $\cG$. Recall that two
points of a projective line over a ring are called \emph{distant} if,
and only if, they arise from a basis of the underlying module. We
shall also make use of the well known \emph{Grassmann graph} on
$\cG$; cf.\ \ref{para:adj}. It has the same set of vertices as the
distant graph, but $X,Y\in\cG$ comprise an edge if, and only if, they
are \emph{adjacent}, i.e., both $X$ and $Y$ have codimension $1$ in
$X+Y$.
 \par
Suppose now that
\begin{equation*}
 \phi:\cG\to\cG'
\end{equation*}
is an isomorphism of the distant graphs arising from vector spaces
$V$ and $V'$, respectively. So $\phi$ preserves complementarity in
both directions. It follows that $\phi$ is also an isomorphism of
Grassmann graphs; this will be shown in Theorem
\ref{thm:iso-vergleich} (a), which in turn is based upon a
characterization of adjacency in terms of the distant graph
(Theorem \ref{thm:hauptsatz}). Up to this point the dimension of
$V$ plays no role. But now we have to distinguish two cases:
\par
If the dimension of $V$ is finite then the isomorphisms $\cG\to\cG'$ of the
Grassmann graphs are well known: Apart from two trivial cases ($\dim V=0,2$)
they arise from semilinear bijections $V\to V'$ or from semilinear bijections
$V^*\to V'$, where $V^*$ denotes the dual space of $V$. This result is due to
\textsc{W.-L.~Chow} \cite{chow-49}. Hence for $4\leq\dim V<\infty$ the given
isomorphism $\phi$ is induced by a semilinear bijection. Also, in the finite
dimensional case, every isomorphism $\cG\to\cG'$ of Grassmann graphs is an
isomorphism of distant graphs (Theorem \ref{thm:iso-vergleich} (b)). This leads
then to a complete description of the isomorphisms of distant graphs (Theorem
\ref{thm:comp-iso}).
\par
If the dimension of $V$ is infinite then so is the dimension of $V'$,
but at this moment it remains open whether or not the isomorphism
$\phi$ from above is induced by a semilinear bijection. There are two
reasons for this: Firstly, we do not know an algebraic description of
all isomorphisms of the corresponding Grassmann graphs, secondly, an
automorphism of the Grassmann graph on $\cG$ need not be an
automorphism of the distant graph on $\cG$ (Example \ref{exa:1}).

\section{Preliminaries}\label{se:preliminaries}
\para\label{para:distant}
Let $V$ be a left vector space over a (not necessarily
commutative) field $K$ and denote by $\cG$ the set of those
subspaces $X$ of $V$ that are isomorphic to the quotient space
$V/X$. Clearly, this condition is equivalent to saying that $X$ is
isomorphic to one (and hence all) of its complements with respect
to $V$. We assume that $\cG\neq\emptyset$, but there is no other
restriction on the dimension of $V$.

So, if $\dim V$ is finite, then it is an even number $2m$, say, and
the elements of $\cG$ are just the $m$-dimensional subspaces of $V$,
whence all elements of $\cG$ form an orbit under the action of the
general linear group of $V$.

If $\dim V$ is infinite then $\cG$ is non-empty and, as before, it is
an orbit under the action of the general linear group: For, if
$\mathfrak m$ denotes the cardinality of a basis of $V$ then
$\mathfrak m+\mathfrak m=\mathfrak m$ shows that $V\times V$ is
isomorphic to $V$. But in $V\times V$ the subspaces $V\times 0$ and
$0\times V$ are complementary and isomorphic, whence
$\cG\neq\emptyset$. Now let $X,Y\in\cG$. So there are subspaces
$X_1,Y_1\in\cG$ such that $V=X\oplus X_1=Y\oplus Y_1$. Then $X$,
$X_1$, $Y$, and $Y_1$ have bases with cardinality $\mathfrak m$,
whence they are mutually isomorphic. But the direct sum of any two
$K$-linear bijections $X\to Y$ and $X_1\to Y_1$ is a $K$-linear
bijection $V\to V$ taking $X$ to $Y$.

 \para
We say that $X,Y\in\cG$ are \emph{distant} (in symbols:
$X\,\dis\,Y$) whenever they are complementary, i.e., $X\oplus
Y=V$. The \emph{distant graph} on $\cG$ is the graph whose vertex
set is $\cG$ and whose edges are the unordered pairs of distant
elements. More generally, a distant graph can be associated with
every projective line over a ring \cite[p.~108]{blu+h-01a}. The
distant graph from above is -- up to isomorphism -- the distant
graph of the projective line over a ring $\End_K(U)$, where
$U\in\cG$. For a proof we refer to \cite[Theorem 2.1]{blunck-99}.
The particular case that this endomorphism ring is a
finite-dimensional $K$-algebra is treated in \cite[2.3]{thas-71},
where distant points are said to be ``in clear position'', and in
\cite[4.5. Example~(4)]{herz-95}. The distant graph is always
connected and its diameter is given in the following table:
\begin{equation}
\begin{array}{|c|c|c|c|c|}
  \hline
  \dim V &  \,0\, & \,2\, & 4,6,\ldots & \infty \\
  \hline
  \mbox{Diameter} & 0 & 1 & 2 &3\\
  \hline
\end{array}
\end{equation}
This is immediate for $\dim V<\infty$ and follows from \cite[Theorem
5.3]{blu+h-01a} when $\dim V=\infty$. The distant graph has no loops
except for $\dim V=0$.

\para\label{para:adj}
Two elements $X,Y\in\mathcal G$ are called \emph{adjacent} (in
symbols: $X\sim Y$) if
\begin{equation}\label{eq:adjacent1}
    \dim ((X+Y)/X) = \dim ((X+Y)/Y)=1.
\end{equation}
This terminology goes back to \textsc{W.-L.\ Chow} \cite{chow-49} in
the finite-dimensional case. Clearly, adjacency is an antireflexive
and symmetric relation. The \emph{Grassmann graph} on $\cG$ is the
graph whose vertex set is $\cG$ and whose edges are the $2$-sets of
adjacent vertices. (References are given in \ref{para:lit}.) So the
graph theoretic adjacency\footnote{In order to avoid ambiguity we
shall refrain from speaking of ``adjacent vertices'' of the distant
graph.} coincides with the relation $\sim$ defined according to
(\ref{eq:adjacent1}). By a simple induction, the following formula
for the distance of $X,Y\in\cG$ in the Grassmann graph can be
obtained:
\begin{equation}\label{eq:abstand}
\begin{array}{rcl}
  \dist(X,Y)=d &\Leftrightarrow& \dim ((X+Y)/X) =
                                 \dim ((X+Y)/Y) = d
  \\
               &\Leftrightarrow&\dim (X/(X\cap Y)) =
                                \dim (Y/(X\cap Y)) = d
\end{array}
\end{equation}
If $\dim V=2m$ is finite then
\begin{equation*}
 \dim ((X+Y)/X) = \dim ((X+Y)/Y) < \infty
\end{equation*}
is true for all $X,Y\in\cG$, whence the Grassmann graph is connected.
Obviously, its diameter is equal to $m$. We refer also to
\cite[4.4]{herz-95}.
 \par
If $\dim V$ is infinite then there are always subspaces $X,Y\in\cG$
such that
\begin{equation*}
 \dim ((X+Y)/X))\neq\dim ((X+Y)/Y),
\end{equation*}
even if both dimensions are finite. Let, for example, $Y$ be a
hyperplane of $X\in\cG$. So there exists a $1$-dimensional subspace
$A$ such that $X=Y\oplus A$ and there is an $X_1\in\cG$ with
$V=X\oplus X_1$. Hence $V=Y\oplus(A\oplus X_1)$. Since $\dim Y =
\dim(A\oplus X_1)$, we obtain that $Y\in\cG$. Now, obviously,
\begin{equation*}
  \dim ((X+Y)/X))=0\neq 1=\dim ((X+Y)/Y).
\end{equation*}
This explains why both the second and the third condition in
equation (\ref{eq:abstand}) involve two equations. Also, it
follows that the Grassmann graph is not connected: In fact, the
connected component of $X\in\cG$ is formed by all subspaces
$Y\in\cG$ satisfying (\ref{eq:abstand}) for some integer $d\geq
0$. Thus, for example, every complement of $X$ or every element
$Y\in\cG$ with\footnote{We use the sign $\leq$ for the inclusion
of subspaces and reserve $<$ for strict inclusion.} $Y<X$ or $Y>X$
is not in this connected component. Moreover, for each $d\geq 0$
there are a $d$-dimensional subspace $A\leq X$ and a subspace
$B\leq X$ such that $A\oplus B=X$. Also, there are a complement
$Y$ of $X$, a $d$-dimensional subspace $C\leq Y$, and a subspace
$D$ such that $Y=C\oplus D$. Then $C\oplus B\in\cG$, since
$A\oplus D$ is an isomorphic complement, and the distance of
$C\oplus B$ and $X$ is $d$. So in this case all connected
components of the Grassmann graph have infinite diameter.
\par
If we add a loop at each vertex of the Grassmann graph then we obtain
a \emph{Pl\"ucker space} in the sense of \textsc{W.~Benz}
\cite[p.~199]{benz-92}.
 \par

 \para\label{para:pls}
Let $M,N$ be subspaces of $V$ such that there is a $Y\in\cG$ with
\begin{equation*}
  M\leq Y\leq N \mbox{ and } \dim(Y/M)=\dim(N/Y)=1.
\end{equation*}
Then
\begin{equation}\label{eq:bueschel}
  \cG[M,N]:=\{X\in\cG\mid M< X< N\}
\end{equation}
is called a \emph{pencil} in $\cG$. If $\dim V=2m$ is finite then
$\dim M=m-1$ and $\dim N=m+1$, whence $M,N\notin\cG$. However, when
$V$ is infinite-dimensional, then it follows that $M,N\in\cG$. But
the strict inclusion signs in (\ref{eq:bueschel}) guarantee that
neither $M$ nor $N$ belongs to $\cG[M,N]$. If $\cL$ denotes the set
of all pencils in $\cG$ then $(\cG,\cL)$ is easily seen to be a
partial linear space with ``point set'' $\cG$ and ``line set'' $\cL$.
Two elements of $\cG$ are adjacent if, and only if, they are distinct
``collinear points'' of the partial linear space $(\cG,\cL)$. Every
``line'' is -- up to isomorphism -- a projective line over $K$,
whence it has $\#K +1$ ``points''. There are three essentially
different cases:
 \par
$0\leq\dim V=2m\leq 2$: Then $(\cG,\cL)$ is an $m$-dimensional
projective space over $K$.
 \par
$2<\dim V=2m<\infty$: Then $(\cG,\cL)$ is an example of a
\emph{Grassmann space}. It is a connected proper partial linear
space; see \cite{bichara+t-83}.
 \par
$\dim V=\infty$: It seems that in this case the partial linear space
$(\cG,\cL)$ has not been discussed in the literature so far. An
essential difference to the previous case is that $(\cG,\cL)$ is not
connected: Two ``points'' $X,Y\in\cG$ can be joined by a ``polygonal
path'' if, and only if, they are in the same connected component of
the Grassmann graph.

\para\label{para:lit}
There is a widespread literature dealing with characterizations of
(finite) Grassmann graphs and Grassmann spaces which are based upon
the set $\cG_{m,n}$ of all $m$-dimensional subspaces of an
$n$-dimensional vector space, $2\leq m\leq n-2<\infty$. We shall not
be concerned with such results, but we refer to \cite{bichara+t-83},
\cite[p.~268--272]{brouwer+cohen+neu-89}, \cite{ferrara+m-99a},
\cite{fu+huang-94}, \cite{metsch-95}, \cite{numata-90},
\cite{shult-94}, \cite{tallini-86}, \cite{vanBon+cohen-89} and, in
addition, to the many other papers which are cited there.
\par
The problem to determine and characterize all isomorphisms (or
automorphisms) of Grassmann graphs and Grassmann spaces has been
studied by many authors. See \cite[Kapitel 5]{benz-92},
\cite{brau-88}, \cite{chow-49}, \cite[p.~81]{dieu-71},
\cite{ferrara+m-99b} \cite{havl-95}, \cite{huang-98},
\cite{kreuzer-98}, \cite{pankov-02y}, \cite{pankov-02z}, and
\cite[p.~155]{wan-96}.

\section{A characterization of adjacency}\label{se:adjacency}

\para
In order to show the announced result on isomorphisms of distant
graphs we describe the adjacency relation in terms of the distant
graph. We shall use the terminology of projective geometry, i.e., the
one-, two-, and three-dimensional subspaces of $V$ will be called
\emph{points}, \emph{lines}, and \emph{planes}, respectively.

\begin{thm}\label{thm:hauptsatz}
  For all $P,Q\in\cG$ the following statements are equivalent:
\begin{enumerate}
  \item $P$ and $Q$ are adjacent.
  \item There is an element $R\in\cG$ satisfying the following
  conditions:
\begin{eqnarray}
\label{eq:hauptsatz1}
  R&\neq& P,Q,\\
\label{eq:hauptsatz2}
  \forall X\in \cG: X\,\dis\,R
  &\Rightarrow &
  X\,\dis\, P \mbox{ or } X\,\dis\,Q.
\end{eqnarray}
\end{enumerate}
\end{thm}

\begin{proof}
(a) $\Rightarrow$ (b): By $P\sim Q$, (\ref{eq:abstand}) holds for
$d=1$. So the set $\cG[P\cap Q,P+Q]$ is a pencil containing $P,Q$.
This pencil contains an element, say $R$, which is different from $P$
and $Q$, since every pencil contains $\# K+1$ elements.
 \par
Let $X\,\dis\,R$. Then $X\cap (P+Q)=:A$ is a point, since
$\dim((P+Q)/R)=1$. We deduce from $P\cap Q< R$ that the point $A$
cannot lie in both $P$ and $Q$. So, for example,
\begin{equation}\label{eq:XcapP}
  X\cap P=0,
\end{equation}
whence $P+Q=A\oplus P$. This gives
\begin{equation}\label{eq:X+P}
  V= X\oplus R \leq X+(P+Q) = X+(A\oplus P)=(X+A)+P=X+P.
\end{equation}
By (\ref{eq:XcapP}) and (\ref{eq:X+P}), we have $X\,\dis\,P$, as
required.
 \par
(b) $\Rightarrow$ (a): We proceed by showing several assertions. Some
of them are symmetric with respect to $P$ and $Q$, so it will be
sufficient to treat the assertion for $P$.
\par
(i) The first step is to establish that if $A,B\leq V$ then
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(i)}
  0\neq A\leq P\mbox{ and } 0\neq B\leq Q
  \Rightarrow
  (A+B)\cap R\neq 0.
\end{equation}
Assume to the contrary that $(A+B)\cap R=0$. We infer that there
exists a complement $X$ of $R$ containing $A+B$, whence
\begin{eqnarray*}
 0\neq A\leq X\cap P & \Rightarrow & X\,\notdis\,P, \\
 0\neq B\leq X\cap Q & \Rightarrow & X\,\notdis\,Q,
\end{eqnarray*}
which contradicts (\ref{eq:hauptsatz2}).

(ii) Next we claim that if $A,B\leq V$ then
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(ii)}
P\leq A\neq V\mbox{ and }Q\leq B\neq V \Rightarrow(A\cap B)+R\neq V.
\end{equation}
Assume to the contrary that $(A\cap B)+ R=V$. We infer that there
exists a complement $X$ of $R$ contained in $A\cap B$, whence
\begin{eqnarray*}
  X+P\leq A\neq V & \Rightarrow & X\,\notdis\,P, \\
  X+Q\leq B\neq V & \Rightarrow & X\,\notdis\,Q,
\end{eqnarray*}
which contradicts (\ref{eq:hauptsatz2}). Clearly, if $\dim V$ is
finite then (\ref{eq:(ii)}) follows from (\ref{eq:(i)}) by the
principle of duality.
\par
(iii) We show that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(iii)}
 P\cap Q\leq R.
\end{equation}
This is true for $P\cap Q=0$. Otherwise choose any point $A$ in
$P\cap Q$. By (\ref{eq:(i)}), applied to $A=B$, we get $A\cap R\neq
0$. Hence $A\leq R$, and since $A\leq P\cap Q$ can be chosen
arbitrarily, $P\cap Q\leq R$.
 \par
(iv) We claim that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(iv)}
 P+Q\geq R.
\end{equation}
This is true for $P+Q=V$. Otherwise choose any hyperplane $A$ through
$P+Q$. By (\ref{eq:(ii)}), applied to $A=B$, we get $A+R\neq V$.
Hence $A\geq R$, and $P+Q\geq R$ since $P+Q$ is equal to the
intersection of all such hyperplanes.
 \par
(v) Our next assertion is that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(v)}
  P\not\leq Q \mbox{ and }Q\not\leq P.
\end{equation}
Assume to the contrary that $P\leq Q$ so that $P< R< Q$ follows from
(\ref{eq:(iii)}), (\ref{eq:(iv)}), and (\ref{eq:hauptsatz1}). So
there is a point $B\leq Q$ with $B\not\leq R$, and there exists a
complement $X$ of $R$ containing $B$. By the law of modularity,
\begin{equation*}
  (P+X)\cap R = P + (X\cap R) = P+0 = P\neq R,
\end{equation*}
whence $P+X\neq V$. Consequently, $X\,\notdis\,P$. Furthermore,
$0\neq B\leq X\cap Q$ shows that $X\,\notdis\,Q$. Altogether, this
contradicts (\ref{eq:hauptsatz2}).
\par
(vi) We continue by showing that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(vi)}
 P\not\leq R\mbox{ and }Q\not\leq R.
\end{equation}
Assume to the contrary that $P\leq R$, whence (\ref{eq:hauptsatz1}) yields $P<
R$. We know from (\ref{eq:(v)}) that $P\not\leq Q$, whence there is a
hyperplane $H$ containing $Q$ with $P\not\leq H$. Thus $V=P+H\leq R+H\leq V$.
So there is a complement $X$ of $R$ which lies in $H$. We have $X+Q\leq H$ and,
consequently, $X\,\notdis\,Q$. As in the proof of equation (\ref{eq:(v)}), the
strict inclusion $P< R$ implies that no complement of $R$ can be a complement
of $P$. This gives $X\,\notdis\,P$ which is absurd by (\ref{eq:hauptsatz2}).
 \par
(vii) Now it is our task to verify that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(vii)}
 \dim (P/(P\cap R))=\dim (Q/(Q\cap R))=1.
\end{equation}
By (\ref{eq:(vi)}), $P\not\leq R$ so that $P\cap R\neq P$ and $\dim
P\geq 1$. So, for $\dim P=1$, we obtain $\dim (P/(P\cap R))=1$. If
$\dim P\geq 2$ then it suffices to show that the inequality
\begin{equation*}
 L\cap(P\cap R)\neq 0
\end{equation*}
holds for all lines $L\leq P$. We deduce from (\ref{eq:(vi)}) that
there is a point $B\leq Q$ with $B\not\leq R$. By (\ref{eq:(iii)}),
$B\not\leq P$ and so for every line $L\leq P$ the subspace $L\oplus
B$ is a plane. Let $A_1,A_2\leq L\leq P$ be distinct points. Each
point $A_i$ together with the point $B\leq Q$ meets the requirements
of (\ref{eq:(i)}). This shows that
\begin{equation*}
  C_i:=(A_i\oplus B)\cap R
\end{equation*}
is a point other than $B$ for $i=1,2$. As $A_1$ and $A_2$ are
different, so are $C_1$ and $C_2$. Hence the subspace $C_1\oplus
C_2\leq R$ is a line. But $L$ and $C_1\oplus C_2$ are coplanar,
whence they have a common point which lies in $L\cap (P\cap R)$. (See
the figure below which illustrates the general case when $A_1\neq
C_1$ and $A_2\neq C_2$.)
\begin{center}
  \unitlength5mm
\begin{picture}(7,8)(0,-2
\thinlines
  \put(0,0){\line(1,0){6}
  \put(0,0){\line(3,1){6}
\thicklines
  \put(6,-1){\line(0,1){4.75}
  \put(6,4.25){\line(0,1){1.0}

  \put(1,-1){\line(1,1){4.81}
  \put(6.19,4.19){\line(1,1){0.8}}
\thinlines

  \put(0,0){\circle*{0.3}}

  \put(6,4){\circle{0.25}}
  \put(6,4){\circle{0.5}}

  \put(6,0){\circle*{0.2}}
  \put(2,0){\circle*{0.2}}
  \put(6,2){\circle*{0.2}}
  \put(3,1){\circle*{0.2}}
  \put(-0.3, 0.3){$B$}
  \put(2.1,-0.9){$C_1$}
  \put(2.2, 1.4){$C_2$}
  \put(6.2,-0.4){$A_1$}
  \put(6.2, 1.8){$A_2$}
  \put(-0.45,-1.9){$C_1\oplus C_2$}
  \put(5.8,-1.9){$L$}
\end{picture}
\end{center}

\par
(viii) The penultimate step is to show that
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(viii)}
  \dim ((P+Q)/R)=1.
\end{equation}
By (\ref{eq:(vii)}) there are points $A,B$ with
\begin{eqnarray*}
 P&=&(P\cap R)\oplus A,\\
 Q&=&(Q\cap R)\oplus B.
\end{eqnarray*}
We cannot have $A=B$, since then (\ref{eq:(iii)}) would give $A=B\leq
P\cap Q\leq R$ which is impossible because obviously
\begin{equation*}
  A,B\not\leq R.
\end{equation*}
So (\ref{eq:(i)}) yields that $C:= (A\oplus B)\cap R$ is a point. As
the point $C$ lies in $R$, it is different from $A$ and $B$. Next, it
follows that
\begin{equation*}
\begin{array}{rcll}
  P+Q & =         & (P\cap R) + (Q\cap R)+A+B &\\
      & =         & (P\cap R) + (Q\cap R)+C+B &\mbox{(by the exchange lemma)}\\
      & \leq & R +C+B &\mbox{(by $P\cap R\leq R$ and $Q\cap R\leq R$)}\\
      & = & R\oplus B &\mbox{(by $C\leq R$ and $B\not\leq R$)}\\
      & \leq & P+Q &\mbox{(by (\ref{eq:(iv)}) and $B\leq Q$)}.
\end{array}
\end{equation*}
Therefore $P+Q=R\oplus B$.
\par
(ix) Now, finally, we are in a position to show that $P$ and $Q$ are
adjacent. This is equivalent, by definition, to
\begin{equation}\label{eq:(ix)}
  \dim((P+Q)/P)=\dim((P+Q)/Q)=1.
\end{equation}
We infer from the proof of (\ref{eq:(viii)}) that there is a point $B\leq Q$
such that $P+Q=R\oplus B$. Denote by $D$ a complement of $P+Q$. (The following
is trivial if $P+Q=V$, since then $D=0$.) So we get
\begin{equation*}
   V=(P+Q)\oplus D = (R\oplus B)\oplus D,
\end{equation*}
whence $X:=D\oplus B$ is a complement of $R$. But $B\leq X\cap Q$
yields $X\,\notdis\,Q$. Now (\ref{eq:hauptsatz2}) forces that
$X\,\dis\,P$. So, the three formulas
\begin{eqnarray*}
  V=X\oplus P &=& D\oplus (P\oplus B),\\
  V&=& D\oplus (P+Q),\\
  P\oplus B &\leq& P+Q,
\end{eqnarray*}
together yield that $P\oplus B = P+Q$, whence $\dim((P+Q)/P)=1$, as
required.
 \par
This completes the proof.
\end{proof}

Let us remark that the adjacency relation can be expressed in terms
of the distant graph in a trivial way in the following cases: For
$\dim V=0$ we have $X\sim Y \Leftrightarrow X\,\notdis\,Y$, since
both sides are identically false. For $\dim V=2$ we have $X\sim Y
\Leftrightarrow X\,\dis\,Y$. For $\dim V=4$ we have $X\sim Y
\Leftrightarrow X\,\notdis\,Y\neq X$.

\section{Isomorphisms of distant graphs}\label{se:isomorphisms}

 \para\label{para:semilin}
Suppose now that $V$ and $V'$ are left vector spaces over $K$ and
$K'$, respectively. As before, we assume that neither $\cG$ nor
$\cG'$ is empty. Let $f:V\to V'$ be a semilinear bijection. Such an
$f$ induces a bijection $\mathcal G\to \mathcal G'$ by $X\mapsto
X^f$.
 \par
Let $V^*$ denote the dual vector space of $V$; we consider $V^*$ as a
right vector space over $K$ and we assume now that $\dim V<\infty$.
If $f:V^*\to V'$ is a semilinear bijection (with respect to an
antiisomorphism $K\to K'$) then $X\mapsto (X^\perp)^f$ is a bijection
$\cG\to\cG'$, since the annihilator map $\perp$ yields a bijection of
$\cG$ onto $\cG^*$.
 \par
In both cases this bijection $\cG\to\cG'$ is an isomorphism of
distant graphs and an isomorphism of Grassmann graphs. Furthermore,
it is a collineation of the partial linear space $(\cG,\cL)$ onto
$(\cG',\cL')$.

\begin{thm}\label{thm:iso-vergleich}
Suppose that $V$ and $V'$ are left vector spaces over $K$ and $K'$,
respectively. Then the following assertions hold:
\begin{enumerate}
  \item
If $\phi:\cG\to\cG'$ is an isomorphism of distant graphs then it is
also an isomorphism of Grassmann graphs.
  \item
Suppose, moreover, that $\dim V=2m$ is finite. If $\phi:\cG\to\cG'$
is an isomorphism of Grassmann graphs then it is also an isomorphism
of distant graphs.
\end{enumerate}
\end{thm}

\begin{proof}
(a) This is an immediate consequence of the characterization of
adjacency in terms of the distant graph given in Theorem
\ref{thm:hauptsatz}.
\par
(b) Let $\phi:\cG\to\cG'$ be an isomorphism of Grassmann graphs. By
$\dim V=2m$ and \ref{para:adj}, the Grassmann graph on $\cG$ is
connected and its diameter is $m$. By virtue of $\phi$, the Grassmann
graph on $\cG'$ is also connected and it has the same diameter $m$.
We read off from \ref{para:adj} that $\dim V'=2m$. For all
$X,Y\in\cG$ we have $X\,\dis\,Y$ if, and only if, $X$ and $Y$ are at
distance $m$ in the Grassmann graph on $\cG$. Hence $X^\phi$ and
$Y^\phi$, too, are at distance $m$ in the Grassmann graph on $\cG'$
which in turn is equivalent to $X^\phi\,\dis\,Y^\phi$.
\end{proof}

We refer to \cite{pamb-00} for the logical background of our
reasoning in part (a) of the previous proof. For $\dim V=\infty$ the
assertion in (b) need not be true:

\begin{exa}\label{exa:1}
Let $\dim V=\infty$ and suppose that $P\,\dis\,Q$. Choose points
$A\leq P$ and $B\leq Q$. There are subspaces $A_1$ and $B_1$ such
that
\begin{equation*}
  P=A\oplus A_1,\; Q=B\oplus B_1.
\end{equation*}
Then $R:=B\oplus A_1\in\cG$, since it is isomorphic and complementary to
$A\oplus B_1$. There exists a $K$-linear bijection $f:V\to V$ taking $P$ to
$R$. We define the following map:
\begin{equation*}
  \phi:\cG\to\cG :
  \left\{
  \begin{array}{ll}
    X\mapsto X^f & \mbox{if }\dim (P/(X\cap P))=\dim (X/(X\cap P))<\infty \\
    X\mapsto X & \mbox{otherwise} \
  \end{array}
  \right.
\end{equation*}
This means that $f$ is applied to all elements of the connected
component of $P$ in the Grassmann graph, whereas all other elements
of $\cG$ remain fixed. As $f$ preserves adjacency and non-adjacency,
the connected component of $P$, which coincides with the connected
component of $R$, is mapped bijectively onto itself. So $\phi$ is an
automorphism of the Grassmann graph. However, $\phi$ is not an
automorphism of the distant graph, since
$P^\phi=R\,\notdis\,Q=Q^\phi$.
\end{exa}

\begin{thm}\label{thm:comp-iso}
Let $V$ and $V'$ be left vector spaces over $K$ and $K'$,
respectively, where $\dim V=2m$ is finite. A bijection
$\phi:\cG\to\cG'$ is an isomorphism of distant graphs if, and only
if, one of the following assertions holds:
\begin{enumerate}
  \item
$\dim V=\dim V'=0$.
  \item
$\dim V=\dim V'=2$ and $\# K=\# K'$.
  \item
$4\leq \dim V=\dim V'=2m<\infty$ and there is either a semilinear
bijection $f:V\to V'$ such that $X^\phi=X^f$ or a semilinear
bijection $f:V^*\to V'$ such that $X^\phi=(X^\perp)^f$.
\end{enumerate}
\end{thm}

\begin{proof}
Let $\phi$ be an isomorphism of distant graphs. By Theorem
\ref{thm:iso-vergleich}, $\phi$ is an isomorphism of Grassmann
graphs. Furthermore, we see from the proof of Theorem
\ref{thm:iso-vergleich} (b) that $\dim V=\dim V'=2m$.
 \par
If $\dim V=2$ then the distant graph on $\cG$ is a complete graph
with $\# K +1$ vertices. Hence the same properties are shared by the
isomorphic distant graph on $\cG'$. Therefore $\# K=\# K'$.
\par
If $\dim V\geq 4$ then the assertion follows from a theorem due to
\textsc{W.L.~Chow} on the isomorphisms of Grassmann graphs. See
\cite{chow-49} or \cite[p.~81]{dieu-71}.
\par
The converse is trivially true, if one of the assertions (a) or (b)
is satisfied. If (c) holds then $\phi$ is an isomorphism of distant
graphs according to \ref{para:semilin}.
\end{proof}

So only the case $\dim V=\dim V'=\infty$ remains open. In view of
Theorem \ref{thm:iso-vergleich} (a) and Example \ref{exa:1}, a
promising strategy could be as follows: First, describe all
isomorphisms of Grassmann graphs and then single out the isomorphisms
of distant graphs.
 \par
Another problem is as follows: Suppose that $\dim V\geq 4$ and that
$\phi:\cG\to\cG'$ is a bijection such that
\begin{equation*}
  X\,\dis\,Y \Rightarrow  X^\phi\,\dis\,Y^\phi
\end{equation*}
for all $X,Y\in\cG$. Is such a $\phi$ an isomorphism of distant
graphs? By \cite[Theorem 5.1]{blu+h-00c}, the answer is affirmative
if $\dim V=\dim V'=4$.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
HOW THE OLD COVENANT WORLD AGED AWAY
1 Comment on HOW THE OLD COVENANT WORLD AGED AWAY
According to statistics the modern city of Jerusalem has eleven gates, of which only seven gates are open. The eastern gate has been long sealed shut symbolizing the denial of entry to the Messiah into Jerusalem. This is a great contrast to the New Jerusalem which John saw that will have twelve open gates, gates that will never be shut.
When Rome destroyed the ancient Temple of Israel in AD70, it left only the outer retaining wall of the Temple Mount platform and complex. This outer wall shell, is known to Jews as the Kotel ha-Ma'aravi, and to most Westerners as the Western Wall or (wailing wall). Jews from around the world gather there to pray at the Wailing Wall for centuries. It is a fact that Jews place many scraps of paper called kvitlach that contains prayers into the crevices of the 65-foot high wall, hoping for answers to prayer.
The Jews continue till today to pray for the peace of Jerusalem just like their fathers did in the Old testament. They have been praying three times a day for thousands of years now saying "To Jerusalem, thy city, shall we return with joy," and also quoting the Psalmist's oath: "If I forget thee, O Jerusalem, let my right hand forget her cunning."
The books of I and II Samuel, I and II Kings, and I and II Chronicles, as well as almost every one of the Old Testament prophets of Israel convey to us detailed information of how her unfaithfulness to covenant with Yahweh caused Israel to be taken into exile in Babylon and why the magnificent First Temple came to be destroyed. The major prophets like Jeremiah, Ezekiel and Isaiah were sent by God to warn Israel of their downfall. The first temple was burnt down after great loss of life on the 9th of Av, 586 B.C. a restoration was spoken of by God through his prophets and it was fulfilled by a gradual restoration that culminated in the rebuilding of Jerusalem.
600 years later Jesus the Messiah arrived, Israel once again enjoyed a modest place among the nations of the Middle East. But something was happening which was well noted by the Jews. Something that we can look back and notice what Paul was saw in 2 Corinthians 3:7
"But if the ministration of death, written and engraven in stones, was glorious, so that the children of Israel could not stedfastly behold the face of Moses for the glory of his countenance; which glory was to be done away:"
Israel's great military competence that she had enjoyed under King David was gone. The Kingship for Israel had been a vassal state under foreign dominion for centuries. It was no longer the glorified kingdom that they once had. Their hope for the Messiah was misplaced in one that would restore all that. They were oblivious of the plans of God through the covenant with Abraham; To bless all nations.
The only thing that remained were the sacrifices and offerings that characterized Judaism. The priesthood was corrupted and even denied the people the place to worship God through difficult barriers they placed as heavy burdens. There was so much internal politics that saw them divided into factions amongst the Herodians, Hellenists, Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, and Scribes.
As the writer of Hebrews once said
"with burnt offerings and sin offerings you were not pleased." (Hebrews 10:6) NIV
When the disciples the Disciples bragged about the splendor of the Temple to Jesus in Matthew 24 they received a shocking response that would go down as Jesus longest prophecy. He spoke about the end of that Jewish age that would also see the temple and city burnt down just like it happened in 586 B.C. Unfortunately most of Christianity see this as the end of the world and so disregard the relevance of message to the original and intended audience.
C.H. (Charles) Spurgeon in a sermon which he delivered in 1865 (Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, Vo. XXXVII, p. 354), said:
Did you ever regret the absence of the burnt-offering, or the red heifer, of any one of the sacrifices and rites of the Jews? Did you ever pine for the feast of tabernacle, or the dedication? No, because, though these were like the old heavens and earth to the Jewish believers, they have passed away and we now live under a new heavens and a new earth, so far as the dispensation of divine teaching is concerned. The substance is come, and the shadow has gone: and we do not remember it.
After Jesus resurrection and the commissioning of the Apostles to preach the word of salvation that could not be provided in that Old covenant age. This message also provided their escape from the coming catastrophe known as the pouring out of the wrath of God. Look at what the Hebrews author said
That by two immutable things, in which it was impossible for God to lie, we might have a strong consolation, who have fled for refuge to lay hold upon the hope set before us: (Hebrews 6:18)
The Apostles made them know that they oblivious of God's plan and even killed their covenant partner. They told them that had totally missed the special appointed time of her visitation from God, a visit personified in the manifestation of his only begotten son, Jesus Christ. See what Peter says:
17 And now, brothers, I know you acted in ignorance, as your rulers did too. 18 But the things God foretold long ago through all the prophets – that his Christ would suffer – he has fulfilled in this way. 19 Therefore repent and turn back so that your sins may be wiped out, 20 so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord, and so that he may send the Messiah appointed for you – that is, Jesus. … 22 Moses said, 'The Lord your God will raise up for you a prophet like me from among your brothers. You must obey him in everything he tells you. 23 Every person who does not obey that prophet will be destroyed and thus removed from the people.' 24 And all the prophets, from Samuel and those who followed him, have spoken about and announced these days. (Acts 3)
About 40 years later, (32AD-70AD) and exactly as prophesied by Jesus Christ, the magnificent "Herod's Temple" was completely destroyed, leaving not one stone upon another. Majority of the Jews were caught in this avoidable catastrophe that was spoken of for over 2,000 years.
This is the historical statement as given by Darrell G. Young, in his article "Oh Jerusalem, Thou that Killeth the Prophets"
"The Jewish zealots, reacting in opposition to Caligula's campaign began a revolt against Rome, a revolt which led to Roman legion soldiers from Syria destroying the food stocks of the Zealots and the local Jewish population. The inhabitants of the city of Jerusalem died in great numbers via starvation. (Luke 21:20-23) Roman General Titus encircled the city, (later became Caesar) and began the siege of Jerusalem in April, A.D. 70. He posted his 10th legion on the Mount of Olives, directly east of and overlooking the Temple Mount. The 12th and 15th legions were stationed on Mount Scopus, further to the east and commanding all ways to Jerusalem from east to north. On the 10th of August, in A.D. 70 – (the 9th of Av) — in Jewish calendar reckoning, the very day when the King of Babylon burned the Temple in 586 B.C., the Temple was burned again. Titus took the city and put it to the torch, burning the Temple, leaving not one stone upon another.
Thus, Jerusalem was totally destroyed and as Jesus had predicted, and not one stone was left upon another. When the Temple was set on fire the Roman soldiers tore apart the stone to get the melted gold. The Menorah and vessels were carried to Rome and the treasury was robbed. But perhaps the most astonishing prophecy about the destruction of Jerusalem by Rome is that it happened just as Daniel had predicted, in that the Temple was destroyed only after the Messiah had come, and not before he had presented himself to Israel! (Daniel 9:26) (Luke 19:41-45)"
This explains why John sees no temple in the new heaven and earth in Revelation 21:
"22 Now I saw no temple in the city, because the Lord God – the All-Powerful – and the Lamb are its temple. 23 The city does not need the sun or the moon to shine on it, because the glory of God lights it up, and its lamp is the Lamb."
The end of that old covenant age has been eclipsed with the establishment of God's kingdom here on earth. Since that period the kingdom has been growing and finding expression in all places in the earth. The propagation of the gospel has seen transformation and cultures which will continue with the nature of kingdom. That old covenant age faded over time but this new one will spread and increase in glory and splendor and will overshadow the former that it will not be remembered in any way.
Celebrate this new covenant age. It will never pass away.
"21 Unto him be glory in the church by Christ Jesus throughout all ages, world without end. Amen." (Ephesian 3)
Oh Jerusalem, Thou that Killeth the Prophets, By: Darrell G. Young
THE THEME OF THE BIBLE
THE OLD HEAVEN AND EARTH HAS PASSED AWAY
Dr. Robin Starbuck
Commented on April 7, 2016 – Reply
Masterfully written and deeply inspiring!
THE EMPTY TOMB
WHAT PAUL MEANT BY "OUR EARTHLY HOUSE IS DISSOLVED"
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February 3, 2023 February 3, 2023 | Leave a Comment on Custom Global Programs
CCSA launched this new service back in 2019. The goal was to enable our member institutions to control their programs while CCSA provides logistical support. Many of our members offer short-term "faculty-directed" programs, so CCSA created Custom Global as a means to support our member institutions as they sought ways to manage their own programs. The Read More.. Custom Global Programs
January 27, 2023 January 27, 2023 | Leave a Comment on Reaching Out to Parents and Students
Selecting a study abroad program can be daunting. Often families and support networks are key players in that decision. CCSA is undertaking an intentional effort to engage parents in the study abroad decision-making process. We are hosting out first Parent InfoZoom on Tuesday, January 31. We've asked students who've contacted CCSA and those who've started Read More.. Reaching Out to Parents and Students
January 22, 2023 January 22, 2023 | Leave a Comment on Join the CCSA Team
CCSA is growing and we seek a skilled professional to join our team. PROGRAM COORDINATOR The Program Coordinator is part of a team responsible for developing and implementing CCSA programs. The person is responsible for implementing study abroad programs in partnership with CCSA member institutions, acting with a high level of autonomy in decision-making and Read More.. Join the CCSA Team
January 20, 2023 January 20, 2023 | Leave a Comment on Course Proposals for Summer 2024
CCSA is accepting course proposals from our member institutions for the Summer 2024 program cycle. As we exit the pandemic, we recognize that our talented corps of global teachers – active and potential – face new challenges at their home institutions. We saw this in 2022 when our "call for proposal" deadlines did not align Read More.. Course Proposals for Summer 2024
January 13, 2023 January 13, 2023 | Leave a Comment on Moving from Winter to Summer
Now that everyone is back from the Winter 22-23 programs, we turn our full attention to Summer 2023. But here are a last few images from our time on-site during the winter programs. Now we launch into Summer 2023. Pricing posted on web. Belize Anthropology Field School – June 13 to July 12 Spend a Read More.. Moving from Winter to Summer
January 6, 2023 January 6, 2023 | Leave a Comment on Pictures Tell the Stories
Our students, faculty, and on-site admins are making the most of their time in London, Dublin, and Australia, respectively. Global teaching and global learning is 24/7. Explore time (never free time) enables individuals and groups to immerse themselves in the locations. The classroom is where ever you are. And the impact will be seen for Read More.. Pictures Tell the Stories
December 16, 2022 December 16, 2022 | Leave a Comment on Wrapping Up Fall 2022
We're all wrapping 2022 in different ways at our member schools. Students are finished with finals and heading home. Sleep may be the highest priority. Faculty turn in their grades, then set their out-of-office email reply. Staff may have to poke around for a few more days before powering down their computers and heading out. Read More.. Wrapping Up Fall 2022
December 9, 2022 December 9, 2022 | Leave a Comment on Storyteller Scholars for Winter 22-23
CCSA's Storyteller Scholarship is designed to encourage student creativity and storytelling through personal narrative. Meet the Winter 22-23 Storyteller Scholars. Lexi Bigard – Eastern Kentucky University – London & Dublin Lexi is Public Relations major. Some of her interests are writing for the school paper, painting, reading and photography. She wrote in her acceptance message, "I hope Read More.. Storyteller Scholars for Winter 22-23
December 2, 2022 December 2, 2022 | Leave a Comment on Building Our CCSA Network
The 40th Anniversary celebration brought together several generations of folks. It also revealed that we have a wonderful network to build upon. As a means to provide more value to the new group of CCSA students, we are pushing our way into LinkedIn. A quick search on LinkedIn shows many folks who list the Cooperative Read More.. Building Our CCSA Network
November 11, 2022 November 11, 2022 | Leave a Comment on Winter 22-23 GO courses
After three long years, CCSA returns with a set of three Winter programs with fifteen courses/faculty, six on-site administrators, associates guests, and 165 students. The big out-bound travel day is December 26. The on-site portion of the London-based programs ends January 8, while the Australia group returns on January 9. The study abroad portion is Read More.. Winter 22-23 GO courses


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text:
~ Guest Opinion
Modern Christian thriller is a wake-up call for our times
By ROBERT ALAN WARD
About seven years ago I wrote a play entitled "Through Fear and Trembling," inspired from my reading of the book "In God's Underground" by Pastor Richard Wurmbrand. Pastor Wurmbrand dared to speak out against the Communist takeover of his Rumania in the aftermath of World War Two. He was rewarded with fourteen years in prison, where he was brutally tortured by sadists, who tried to "reeducate" him into atheism.
I was taken by the attitude of the Communists toward Christians, whom they regarded as criminals, and the similarities I saw creeping into our culture. Hence my stage-play, in which I looked at the state of our culture at that time, and projected into the future where I thought we were heading.
The scary thing is that about half of what I wrote seven years ago has already come to pass.
The America I knew as a child in the 50s and 60s is as different from the America of today as an oak tree differs from a pansy. Some think that America has made headway because of civil rights laws, a more equitable distribution of wealth, progress against pollution, and advances in science.
But are we truly better off? Has our flight from our Judeo-Christian roots brought the freedom we expected, or have we only found confusion, chaos, and bondage? It used to be that one could jump right on a plane. I walked to my public school as a child. Every December I saw and heard there the Christmas story. The school bands and choirs performed the wonderful carols of Christmas. I learned by heart the entire King James narrative of that story — which enthralled a child who lacked church experience.
Not everyone always did what was right. I certainly didn't. But everyone knew the difference between right and wrong, and which bathroom to use. Neither was everyone a Christian, but most viewed the Christian faith as a positive influence on society.
How times have changed. At every turn now, those of sincere Christian faith are denigrated as ignorant, scientifically backward zealots, who despise everyone who lives outside their "bigoted" belief system. Christians are expected and even sometimes required to support lifestyles that were considered abnormal not so long ago.
Having written plays exclusively for many years, I asked my friend David Ross, the editor of the Escondido Times Advocate and the Valley Roadrunner, to turn "Through Fear and Trembling" into a novel. Adding some of his own ideas, he finely crafted the novel version, which he also updated to keep pace with our rapidly changing times. Here is a brief synopsis of the book.
The untimely death of Reverend Jeremiah Martin thrusts youth pastor Brandon Mills into the uncomfortable position of acting senior pastor at Green Valley Community Church. Only six weeks into the job, he is summoned to the office of Justinian Lubinecek, the local head of the Bureau of Government Affairs. When Pastor Mills refuses Justinian's encroaching demands upon him and the church, ominous events begin to unfold; a missing camera, a missing widow, a missing teenager. Not everyone in the church is behind the young pastor's stand. There might even be a Judas among them.
"Through Fear and Trembling" foresees an Orwellian time of persecution, both subtle and overt, that will be unleashed upon Bible believing individuals and churches in a culture that has come to regard the Bible as hate literature and Christians as criminals. Will the believers in Green Valley fold under the intense pressure, or will they fight back, calling upon the One who died and rose again on their behalf?
If I were to categorize "Through Fear and Trembling," I would call it a Christian thriller. But I would hope that those of you who read it will do so for better reasons than entertainment alone. It is meant to be a wake-up call for those who profess Christianity and an eye-opener for many who do not.
We live in a culture that has abandoned absolutes in pursuit of an "anything goes" mentality, with no foundation upon which to judge anything. "Modern man," said Frances Schaeffer, "has both feet planted firmly in mid-air."
"Ross and Ward don't flinch from presenting a pure version of the Christian gospel, which is refreshing compared to faith-based entertainment that sometimes offers subdued and politically correct pictures of Christianity. In addition, the authors' thoughtful quotes and biblical excerpts remind us that Christians have, since Peter offended the authorities in his day, endured suffering and martyrdom.
"Perhaps the strangest aspect of the tale is that, while it ostensibly presents us with a glimpse into the future, its events resemble the gathering storm taking place in the United States right now . . . In their entertaining and slightly eerie tale, Ross and Ward remind believers that we must work out our salvation Through Fear and Trembling."
—Keith Simpson, author
"Through Fear and Trembling" is available from Amazon.com, from Tate Publishing Company, from absorbingtales.com, or you can pick up a copy from David Ross personally at The Roadrunner office, 29115 Valley Center Road, suite L, in Valley Center.
*Note: Opinions expressed by columnists and letter writers are those of the writers and not necessarily those of the newspaper.
More From Opinion Go To The Opinion Section
Good-bye to 2020 . . . but not to the indelible memories
The difficult goodbye
Kids need to get back to school, sports, as soon as possible


Internships and co-ops often lead to full-time employment after graduation.
The winter months have passed and the signs of spring are all around us. This is the time of year when most college and high school students are planning for summer. One of the best ways for young people to spend their summer months is to invest in their future by participating in a summer internship or co-op program.
For students, a summer internship or co-op can be great way to earn some money and learn about potential career opportunities. Internships and Co-ops are also a great way for students to discover real-world job prospects by applying their academic studies toward a temporary work experience.
Internship and co-op experiences are commonly done on a temporary basis in collaboration with an employer that can assign projects that enhance the students learning experience and simultaneously benefit the company or institution that employs them.
For companies, training new full-time employees and providing salary and benefits during the training process can be a costly undertaking. This is especially costly if the employee ends up a poor fit for the organization. Hiring internship and co-op students can be a cost-saving solution that helps to advance the long-term interests of the institution by hiring one of these students on a temporary basis, allowing them to demonstrate their work-ethic and learn more about the company.
Internships and co-ops often lead to full-time employment after graduation. These opportunities give students a chance to learn far more than what can be taught in the classroom. Internship and co-op programs also teach important "soft skills" like time management, critical thinking, leadership, problem-solving and much more. These positions look great on resumes and demonstrate to future employers that a potential hire possesses the prerequisite professional experience necessary for full-time employment.
Last year, I joined my colleague, Sen. Bill Beagle, in supporting Senate Bill 227 designating the second Tuesday of April as "Ohio Internship and Co-op Appreciation Day." The day is intended to raise awareness of the value of internships and co-op opportunities in Ohio as well as encourage businesses throughout the state to offer additional program opportunities. These programs give employers unique access to untapped talent without long-term commitments.
In Ohio, we have created more than 280,000 new private sector jobs since January 2011 and companies are providing new opportunities every single day. Taking advantage of the abundant internship and co-op opportunities is a great way to gain job skills and experience, often leading to good paying career opportunities.
To learn more about available internships or to search for talented individuals to join your company, please visit OhioMeansInternships.com. New internships and co-ops are posted weekly.
As always, if I can ever be of assistance to you, please do not hesitate to contact my office by phone at 614-644-8082, by e-mail at Uecker@OhioSenate.gov, or by writing to State Sen. Joe Uecker, 1 Capitol Square, Columbus, Ohio 43215.
Senator Uecker represents the 14th District in the Ohio Senate, which encompasses all of Adams, Brown, Clermont, and Scioto Counties as well as a portion of Lawrence County. Learn more at www.OhioSenate.gov/Uecker.


Nations in the Islamic world followed the pattern of growing secularism until the 1970's when the Iranian Revolution of 1979 saw the overthrow of a secular regime by a religious one. This coincided with an effort by the Saudi regime to use oil money to build religious schools around the world to spread Wahhabism. Although Wahhabism and the Shi'a regime of Iran are religious enemies, the two did work together to undermine secularism in Islamic societies. Add in the massive corruption of the secular governments in these societies to the weakness and self-doubt promoted by the moral relativistic nihilism of "political correctness" doctrine espoused by secular western societies and the result is a "perfect storm" rolling back the separation of church and state in Islamic countries around the world.
This is nowhere more evident than Turkey. Under the Justice and Development Party (AKP) the Turkish government has become increasingly Islamicized, moving away from the secular ideals planted by its founder Kamal Ataturk. On September 12, Turkish voters approved 26 constitutional amendments proposed by prime minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan. The most important of these allows the AKP to appoint judges to the country's supreme court without a confirmation process. This completes the takeover of all three branches of government by the AKP, allowing it to rule without the checks and balances western societies take for granted.
In our time, Islam has been moving towards a more restrictive view of the world around it. Turkey, as the Razor, notes, is the latest example of this trend.
Caroline Glick's non-council Winer, Who Lost Turkey? looks at the latest developments in Turkey.
Aside from the chastened military, the only remaining outpost of secular power in Turkey has been the judiciary. In the past, the judiciary has overturned many of the government's actions that it ruled were unconstitutional and illegal. The new constitutional amendments will work to end judicial independence by giving the government control over judicial appointments. The AKP's justice minister will also have increased power to open investigations against judges and prosecutors.
Now, with his constitutional amendments in hand, the only thing separating Erdogan from absolute power are next year's elections. If he and his party win, with their new constitutional powers, they will have no obstacles to remaining in power forever. If they win, whether Erdogan declares it or not, Turkey will be an Islamist state with no effective domestic checks on the power of its rulers to do what they wish at home and abroad.
At least the Washington Post asked if Turkey was becoming more Democratic or less?
Mr. Erdogan's constitutional reforms conspicuously did not include greater protections for freedom of speech and religion, or for the Kurdish minority. But the prime minister, who now is heavily favored to win reelection next year, has promised a more complete constitutional rewrite. If he still wishes to move Turkey toward the West, Mr. Erdogan will have to pursue those reforms while resisting the temptation to strip the judiciary of independence.
Still this concluding paragraph holds out a vain hope that Erdogan is acting in good faith. I think that boat has already sailed.
First place with 3 votes! – The Razor – Does Islam Tolerate Secularism?


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In today's episode, we discuss weight cuts with Tony Ricci. Tony's been working with combat athletes for over 20 years and has a unique combination of nutrition and strength experience that will help us learn how he approaches a scientific weight cut with his athletes.
Tony is an Assistant Professor of Exercise Physiology and Metabolism at LIU in Brooklyn. He is a fellow of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, serves on the Science Advisory Board for Dymatize Nutrition and the founder of Fightshape Int'l. He has trained in multidisciplinary fight sports for 38 years. Tony has been in fight performance coaching and nutrition for 21 years. He has worked with scores of professional fighters in his career including 9 top 10 ranked and 6 World Title holders in the UFC, Bellator, WBO, WSOF and PKA.
Tune into his podcast on the FIGHTCAVE CHANNEL available on Itunes.


text:
Important community links
Order a flag
Contact Steph
Community Grants to Honour Local Veterans
Steph Cooke and Members of the Grenfell RSL at the Grenfell Second World War Memorial
RSLs and schools in the Cootamundra electorate are amongst a range of community organisations eligible to apply for NSW Government funding to deliver projects that improve veteran wellbeing and celebrate their important contributions to society.
Member for Cootamundra Steph Cooke said the Anzac Community Grants Program provides organisations up to $2,000 to commence, enhance or complete a local community project as part of a commemorative and educational program.
"We owe the current and former servicemen and servicewomen in our community an immense debt, and they deserve to be recognised for what they have done for our country," Ms Cooke said.
"Funding is available to individuals and not-for-profit organisations across the Cootamundra electorate, including educational institutions, ex-service organisations, community groups, local government associations, museums and historical societies.
"I encourage organisations to apply for a grant and show their support for our veterans."
Acting Minister for Veterans Geoff Lee said the program provides relief to community groups at a time when fundraising is challenging.
"Feelings of isolation are heightened because of this pandemic so we want to assist projects which enrich the lives of our veterans as well as increase the appreciation of military service personnel," Mr Lee said.
"Groups are also encouraged to apply for grants for public commemorative events including virtual services, projects which either enhance local historical research and education or preserve and display war memorabilia."
Last year, $50,000 from the Anzac Community Grants Programwas shared between 38 projects.
Applications for the grant program will close at 5pm on Remembrance Day, Wednesday 11 November.
For more information visit www.veterans.nsw.gov.au or call 1300 838 233.
OPPORTUNITY TO SHARE IN MILLIONS OF SPORTS FACILITIES FUNDING
Murray Cod Numbers Scaled Up In The Lachlan
Nature and Adventure Combine at Cowra Playground
Sod Turned On Grenfell Main Street Upgrade
Woodstock Has Need for Speed
Authorised by Steph Cooke MP, 140 Boorowa Street Young, NSW 2594 and funded using Parliamentary entitlements


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Tag: Brave Brothers
The Evolution of East-West Collaborations
The world of K-pop has exploded this year with international albums and singles, love calls from non-Asian advertisers, huge global tours, and social m…
Brave Girls Rebooted
If you've been listening to K-pop for some time, Brave Brothers is probably a name you're familiar with. Even if it doesn't ring a bell, you'll probabl…
Nine Muses Struggle Through a "Sleepless Night"
After a year-long break in 2014, Nine Muses hit the ground running in 2015 with the release of "Drama," in January followed by "Hurt Locker" over the s…
12 Likely Culprits of Sajaegi
It's been a couple of months since accusations of sajaegi, or chart manipulation, has reared its ugly head. This time the accusing source is from an ac…
Will Duble Sidekick Become the New Brave Brothers?
Just a few weeks ago, we gave you a rundown of the most active and successful K-pop composers of the first half of 2014. Standing out from the rest was…
Sunmi's "Full Moon" is Rising
Shortly after the hopes of an early 2014 Wonder Girls' release were destroyed by Sohee's departure, JYP Entertainment announced former member Sunmi's c…
Big Star's "Run & Run" is Drunk Fun
Big Star is back, and this time with some help from U-KISS's agency NH EMG. They've just released their newest title track "Run & Run (일단달려)" off t…
Knowing Names With 4Minute's Latest
When it comes to their promotional singles, 4Minute really love the dark side of things. First bats and vampires in "Volume Up," and now zombies for th…
uBeat Really Should Have Treated You Better
Although U-KISS are still taking a break from their "Standing Still" promotions, it's not like the boys haven't been busy. AJ and Eli have both caught …
SISTAR19 Will Not be "Gone" But Will be "Here For Long"
Despite my reservations over SISTAR19, which clearly played on the popularity of its main group's most prominent members, the success of "Ma Boy" meant…


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Q: How do I remove Gridlines above data point in MPAndroidChart library? This is my Graph

I want to remove the Gridlines above Data points. I just want Gridline below the data points. Also I would like the dashed line effect.
Below is what I'm doing right now.
    chart.getXAxis().setDrawGridLines(true);
    chart.getXAxis().setGridLineWidth(0.5f);
    chart.getXAxis().setGridColor(Color.WHITE);
    chart.getXAxis().setDrawGridLinesBehindData(true);

I want like this

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Astragalus lacei är en ärtväxtart som först beskrevs av Syed Irtifaq Ali, och fick sitt nu gällande namn av Christina Hedwig Kirchhoff. Astragalus lacei ingår i släktet vedlar, och familjen ärtväxter. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Vedlar
lacei

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
// Copyright Dirk Lemstra https://github.com/dlemstra/Magick.NET.
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0.

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text;

namespace ImageMagick
{
    internal sealed class ExifWriter
    {
        private const int HeaderSize = 2 + 2 + 4 + 4;

        private readonly ExifParts _allowedParts;

        public ExifWriter(ExifParts allowedParts)
            => _allowedParts = allowedParts;

        public byte[]? Write(List<IExifValue> values)
        {
            var ifdValues = GetPartValues(values, ExifParts.IfdTags);
            var exifValues = GetPartValues(values, ExifParts.ExifTags);
            var gpsValues = GetPartValues(values, ExifParts.GpsTags);

            RemoveOffsetValues(ifdValues, ExifTag.SubIFDOffset, ExifTag.GPSIFDOffset);

            if (ifdValues.Count == 0 && exifValues.Count == 0 && gpsValues.Count == 0)
                return null;

            using (var stream = new MemoryStream())
            {
                stream.WriteByte((byte)'E');
                stream.WriteByte((byte)'x');
                stream.WriteByte((byte)'i');
                stream.WriteByte((byte)'f');
                stream.WriteByte(0x00);
                stream.WriteByte(0x00);

                if (BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
                {
                    stream.WriteByte((byte)'I');
                    stream.WriteByte((byte)'I');
                    stream.WriteByte(0x2A);
                    stream.WriteByte(0x00);
                }
                else
                {
                    stream.WriteByte((byte)'M');
                    stream.WriteByte((byte)'M');
                    stream.WriteByte(0x00);
                    stream.WriteByte(0x2A);
                }

                ushort countDelta = 0;
                if (exifValues.Count > 0)
                    countDelta++;
                if (gpsValues.Count > 0)
                    countDelta++;

                var ifdOffset = stream.Position + 4;
                WritePosition(ifdOffset, stream);

                WriteHeaders(ifdValues, stream, countDelta);

                var exifValuesOffset = 0L;
                if (exifValues.Count > 0)
                {
                    WriteHeader(ExifValues.Create(ExifTag.SubIFDOffset)!, stream);
                    exifValuesOffset = GetOffsetPositionAndSkipData(stream);
                }

                var gpsValuesOffset = 0L;
                if (gpsValues.Count > 0)
                {
                    WriteHeader(ExifValues.Create(ExifTag.GPSIFDOffset)!, stream);
                    gpsValuesOffset = GetOffsetPositionAndSkipData(stream);
                }

                var thumbnailOffset = BitConverter.GetBytes(0L);
                Write(thumbnailOffset, stream);

                WriteValues(ifdValues, stream);

                var endOfLink = BitConverter.GetBytes(0L);
                if (exifValues.Count > 0)
                {
                    WriteCurrentOffset(exifValuesOffset, stream);
                    WriteHeaders(exifValues, stream);
                    Write(endOfLink, stream);
                    WriteValues(exifValues, stream);
                }

                if (gpsValues.Count > 0)
                {
                    WriteCurrentOffset(gpsValuesOffset, stream);
                    WriteHeaders(gpsValues, stream);
                    Write(endOfLink, stream);
                    WriteValues(gpsValues, stream);
                }

                return stream.ToArray();
            }
        }

        private static void Write(byte[] bytes, Stream stream)
            => stream.Write(bytes, 0, bytes.Length);

        private static void RemoveOffsetValues(List<IExifValue> ifdValues, params ExifTag[] offsetTags)
        {
            for (var i = ifdValues.Count - 1; i >= 0; i--)
            {
                foreach (var offsetTag in offsetTags)
                {
                    if (ifdValues[i].Tag == offsetTag)
                        ifdValues.RemoveAt(i);
                }
            }
        }

        private static long GetOffsetPositionAndSkipData(Stream stream)
        {
            var position = stream.Position;
            stream.Position += 4;
            return position;
        }

        private static uint PositionToOffset(long offset)
            => (uint)offset - 6;

        private static void WriteHeaders(List<IExifValue> values, Stream stream)
            => WriteHeaders(values, stream, 0);

        private static void WriteHeaders(List<IExifValue> values, Stream stream, ushort countDelta)
        {
            var count = (ushort)(values.Count + countDelta);

            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(count), stream);

            var dataOffset = PositionToOffset(stream.Position) + (uint)(count * HeaderSize) + 8;

            foreach (var value in values)
            {
                WriteHeader(value, stream);

                var length = GetLength(value);

                if (length <= 4)
                {
                    WriteValue(value, stream);
                    stream.Position += 4 - length;
                }
                else
                {
                    Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(dataOffset), stream);
                    dataOffset += length;
                }
            }
        }

        private static void WriteHeader(IExifValue value, Stream stream)
        {
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)value.Tag), stream);
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)value.DataType), stream);
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(GetNumberOfComponents(value)), stream);
        }

        private static void WriteCurrentOffset(long position, Stream stream)
        {
            var currentPosition = stream.Position;
            stream.Position = position;

            WritePosition(currentPosition, stream);

            stream.Position = currentPosition;
        }

        private static void WritePosition(long position, Stream stream)
            => Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(PositionToOffset(position)), stream);

        private static uint GetLength(IExifValue value)
            => GetNumberOfComponents(value) * ExifDataTypes.GetSize(value.DataType);

        private static uint GetNumberOfComponents(IExifValue exifValue)
        {
            var value = exifValue.GetValue();

            if (exifValue.DataType == ExifDataType.String)
                return (uint)Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes((string)value).Length + 1;

            if (value is Array arrayValue)
                return (uint)arrayValue.Length;

            return 1;
        }

        private static bool HasValue(IExifValue exifValue)
        {
            var value = exifValue.GetValue();
            if (value is null)
                return false;

            if (exifValue.DataType == ExifDataType.String)
            {
                var stringValue = (string)value;
                return stringValue.Length > 0;
            }

            if (value is Array arrayValue)
                return arrayValue.Length > 0;

            return true;
        }

        private static void WriteValues(List<IExifValue> values, Stream stream)
        {
            foreach (var value in values)
            {
                if (GetLength(value) > 4)
                    WriteValue(value, stream);
            }
        }

        private static void WriteValue(IExifValue exifValue, Stream stream)
        {
            if (exifValue.IsArray && exifValue.DataType != ExifDataType.String)
                WriteArray(exifValue, stream);
            else
                WriteValue(exifValue.DataType, exifValue.GetValue(), stream);
        }

        private static void WriteArray(IExifValue exifValue, Stream stream)
        {
            var value = exifValue.GetValue();

            if (exifValue.DataType == ExifDataType.String)
                WriteValue(ExifDataType.String, value, stream);

            foreach (var obj in (Array)value)
                WriteValue(exifValue.DataType, obj, stream);
        }

        private static void WriteValue(ExifDataType dataType, object value, Stream stream)
        {
            switch (dataType)
            {
                case ExifDataType.String:
                    Write(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes((string)value), stream);
                    stream.WriteByte(0x00);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.Byte:
                case ExifDataType.Undefined:
                    stream.WriteByte((byte)value);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.Double:
                    Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((double)value), stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.Short:
                    if (value is Number shortNumber)
                        Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)shortNumber), stream);
                    else
                        Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((ushort)value), stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.Long:
                    if (value is Number longNumber)
                        Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)longNumber), stream);
                    else
                        Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((uint)value), stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.Rational:
                    WriteRational((Rational)value, stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.SignedByte:
                    stream.WriteByte(unchecked((byte)((sbyte)value)));
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.SignedLong:
                    Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((int)value), stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.SignedShort:
                    Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((short)value), stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.SignedRational:
                    WriteSignedRational((SignedRational)value, stream);
                    break;
                case ExifDataType.Float:
                    Write(BitConverter.GetBytes((float)value), stream);
                    break;
                default:
                    throw new NotSupportedException();
            }
        }

        private static void WriteRational(Rational value, Stream stream)
        {
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(value.Numerator), stream);
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(value.Denominator), stream);
        }

        private static void WriteSignedRational(SignedRational value, Stream stream)
        {
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(value.Numerator), stream);
            Write(BitConverter.GetBytes(value.Denominator), stream);
        }

        private List<IExifValue> GetPartValues(List<IExifValue> values, ExifParts part)
        {
            var result = new List<IExifValue>();

            if (!EnumHelper.HasFlag(_allowedParts, part))
                return result;

            foreach (var value in values)
            {
                if (!HasValue(value))
                    continue;

                if (ExifTags.GetPart(value.Tag) == part)
                    result.Add(value);
            }

            return result;
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Home / Featured / New-look Northampton Town starting to gel under Keith Curle
New-look Northampton Town starting to gel under Keith Curle
Posted on November 27, 2019 by admin in Featured, Latest News, Northampton Town, Skybet League 1 | 0 Comments
KEITH Curle's remoddled Northampton are starting to motor in League Two – now he wants the Cobblers to show the consistency needed for League Two success.
The former Carlisle boss took charge in October last year with Northampton at a low ebb following relegation the previous season. The 56-year-old steadied the ship and helped them climb to 15th by the end of the campaign.
Curle undertook a massive squad revamp in the summer, bringing in the likes of Bury winger Nicky Adams, 32, Luton midfielder Alan McCormack, 35, and Macclesfield striker Harry Smith, 24. Undertake a new route in your weekly betting stakes when you compare free bet no deposit sports bonuses on Betting Lounge.
After a stuttering start to the season, the Cobblers are showing signs they will be in the promotion shake-up this term.
Last Saturday's impressive 4-1 win against high-flying Crewe at Sixfields saw Northampton move into the play-off positions and extended their unbeaten run to six games in league and cup.
"The hardest thing is changing and creating a culture," said the former England international. "Change is all well and good, but it has to be change for the better. The pleasing thing is that the players are buying into what we're trying to do.
"We've brought in new players and it's about familiarising them on the pitch and off the pitch, too. They're in new surroundings and some have moved into club houses. That takes a bit of time to settle into and you have the emotion of winning, losing and drawing matches at the same time. Different people react differently, but we have a common goal.
"Just because you don't like the feeling when you lose, it doesn't make you a winner. It's about the work during the week and we are trying to get consistency in performance.
"The amount of injuries we had at the start of the season curtailed any real fluidity in our play – we had key players missing. After the start of the season, we also brought in new additions."
Heading into last weekend's home game against Grimsby, the Cobblers were seventh – but just five points behind leaders Swindon.
"I think it will be tight all year," said Curle. "I don't think anyone will run away with it. It's about gaining momentum and maintaining momentum.
"You have to have the foundations and principles in place to get results. We're trying to establish a level of consistency – people understand their levels, minimum, and have the licence to express themselves in a team framework."
Curle also wants his players to be more ruthless if they are leading in games.
"We are where we are on merit," said the former Manchester City and Wolves defender. "On a few occasions we have been two-nil up and drawn 2-2. With another six points, we would have been very happy, but that's what this division is about – it's fine margins."
The Cobblers take a break from league action next weekend when they entertain National League side Notts County in the FA Cup second round. There's £54,000 up for grabs in prize money, plus a potentially lucrative place in the third round draw.
One thing's for sure – the former Notts boss won't be taking his old side for granted.
"It's going to be a massive test," added Curle, whose side pocketed £36,000 for beating Chippenham in round one. "They will probably go into the game as underdogs because of their league status, but I know what that club should be and could be.
"No FA Cup money is factored into our business plan. We don't need a Cup run to clear debts. The revenue generated is a bonus. Like all League Two clubs, we have priorities where that money could be used if we're successful.
"I'm sure some would filter down to the footballing department, whether that's the budget or improvements in the training ground and the infrastructure."
Tagged Keith Curle, Northampton Town
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text:
OLLY LEE SIGNS NEW LUTON TOWN CONTRACT
New deal on the table for Town midfielder
Hatters midfielder Olly Lee has committed his future to the Club by signing a contract until June 2017.
The 24-year-old originally penned a short-term deal in August but has since impressed in his six appearances in Town colours.
Lee made his Hatters debut in the 1-1 draw with Premier League Stoke City in the Capital One Cup, and scored in the shootout which the Town lost 8-7 on penalties.
He told Hatters Player: "I'm really pleased. I knew I had confidence in myself to do a good job and I'm glad the manager is pleased with my contribution.
"Now I'm looking forward to the rest of this season and the seasons ahead."
Manager John Still added: "Olly has been excellent since his arrival. He did terrific on his debut to play 120 minutes against a strong Premier League side, and he has fitted seamlessly into our style of play.
"He gives us something different in the centre of midfield, a calm, composed head on the ball.
"It's a credit to Olly that he's worked hard and impressed us in such a short space of time for him to be rewarded for his efforts."
You can watch an exclusive interview with Olly now on Hatters Player.


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What's not to like about trade? Seattle wonders
Trade agreements can be controversial but export growth may be the best route to new jobs.
Stephen H. Dunphy
Cranes at the Port of Seattle.
At a recent high-profile trade conference, I tried to count the number of times people said that "one job in every three" is dependent on trade or that Washington is the "most trade dependent state" in the United States. I lost count somewhere around 15. There is a lot of preaching to the choir at such events, this one sponsored by the resurgent Washington Council on International Trade.
And it is an accurate view of our economy. Take one major industry, aerospace. More than 80 percent of Boeing airplanes are exported so eight of every 10 of the 80,000-plus Boeing workers here owe their jobs to trade. There are more than 80,000 other direct jobs in aerospace throughout the state, so eight of every 10 of them are trade dependent. If you add in the multiplier for these primary jobs, conservatively about 1.8 additional jobs for every aerospace job, then you have almost 250,000 jobs in the state dependent on trade in aerospace alone.
Despite the choir at the conference, trade has become a somewhat contentious issue in the Puget Sound region.
As four of our state congressmen had begun a panel discussion, a young woman burst into the room at the Westin Hotel and began to berate Congressman Jim McDermott for his vote in favor of trade agreements with South Korea and Panama, saying the trade pacts take jobs away from workers. Others on the panel were Congressmen Rick Larsen, Dave Reichert, and Adam Smith, who supported those agreements and one with Colombia, which McDermott opposed.
The congressmen sat quietly as the woman was slowly removed from the room by security guards. But she might have been surprised by the largely sympathetic reaction. Larsen said, "There is a cost to trade and we need to do a better job of dealing with the downside of trade policy." Smith said, "The economy is not working for a lot of people. Trade has to be part of a broader economic agenda."
One issue that received a lot of attention was a trade initiative called the Trans-Pacific Partnership or TPP. The partnership would reduce tariffs and other trade barriers. It was promoted by President Barack Obama at the recent Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation leaders' meeting in Hawaii. The partnership would link the U.S. with Australia, Brunei Darussalam, Chile, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam to start, with other Pacific Rim nations joining later. Japan has indicated that it wants to be part of the TPP already. Rep. Jim McDermott, speaking in support said, "Asia is where the action will be . . . and we are central to it."
The WCIT is encouraging the negotiation of the agreement. The Asia-Pacific region is the largest market in the world for U.S. exports and receives two-thirds of U.S. agricultural exports. While the current proposed TPP would only encompass nine of the Asia-Pacific region countries, one of the potential benefits of this negotiating effort is that it would serve as a framework for adding other Asia-Pacific countries eventually. In 2009, nearly 65 percent of Washington exports went to Asia-Pacific countries, according to WCIT.
Two parts of the conference stand out for me.
One was Jon Allen of Canada. The Assistant Deputy Minister for the Americas pointed out something often lost in all the talk about Asia and the growing strength of China in the world economy. Our largest trading partner remains Canada.
Allen said two-way trade between Canada and the U.S. is about $1.8 billion a day or $1.25 million a minute. It accounts for 175,000 jobs and just the increase in trade with Canada last year was more than total trade with Brazil, India, or Russia. Much of the trade is through "making things together," Allen said, citing Canada's role in the auto industry, aerospace, and other manufacturing fields.
Like trade in general, there are some issues with Canada — and Washington has some issues with British Columbia. For example, British Columbia has developed its ports at Vancouver and Prince Rupert, creating competition for Puget Sound ports. Seattle and Tacoma are now in danger of becoming the middle stop for ships crossing the Pacific — not an enviable position. "You want to be either the first port of call or the last port," said Tay Yoshitani, head of the Port of Seattle. The middle stop is the one most likely to be dropped, he said, pointing to his experience at the Port of Baltimore, which became a middle stop on Atlantic routes and soon withered away as a port.
The other highlight of the conference was the Washington Council on International Trade itself. The meeting was a kind of coming-out party for the organization. For many years, WCIT was a key player in trade policy, but in recent years it all but disappeared. About five months ago, Eric Schinfeld and the Metropolitan Chamber of Commerce got together and revived the organization, providing again a voice for the region on trade policy.
"The trade policies that we discussed are some of the best chances we have to increase jobs and economic prosperity in Washington state," Schinfeld said, "but we must all work together to advocate for these mutually beneficial priorities in order to ensure their successful passage. The Washington Council on International Trade strives to be the axis around which the state business community can engage, energize and focus our collective efforts in this regard."
The priorities outlined by WCIT show the wide range of trade issues important to the region. They include:
Complete Russia's WTO accession, and secure congressional approval of permanent normal trade relations with Russia. Russia is the 10th largest market in the world, but ranks 37th among U.S. trade partners. Normal relations with Russia could be good for Washington exports from apples to airplanes.
Address the Harbor Maintenance Tax. It's a federal tax imposed on shippers based on the value of the goods being shipped through ports. The tax is intended to be used for maintenance dredging of federal navigational channels. Port officials said they estimate shippers save $150 per container by shipping through British Columbia and avoiding the tax.
Support congressional passage of the affordable footwear act and the U.S. outdoor act. Sen. Maria Cantwell, who also spoke at the conference, is a co-sponsor of these proposals along with Sen. Patty Murray. Cantwell said the two laws would end high tariffs on "recreational performance outerwear." These tariffs were originally implemented to protect domestic industries that no longer exist, she said, which means the only impact of the tariffs is to make these products more expensive for U.S. consumers.
Reform travel visas. Speakers at the conference said applications can take as long as 145 days in Brazil and 120 days in China. As a result, the U.S. welcomed the same number of travelers in 2010 as it did in 2000, according to WCIT. Tourism is big in Washington State, employing 143,800 people and generating $1 billion in state and local tax revenues.
Support a reasonable approach to increased U.S. competitiveness in trade with China. China is Washington state's top trading partner and the destination of nearly 20 percent of Washington's exports in 2010. In fact, Washington has a trade surplus with China, exporting $10.3 billion in 2010 while importing only $9.8 billion in goods and services from China.
Despite the occasional controversy over trade, the biggest economic issue we face these days is the lack of jobs. With few jobs being created in the domestic economy, one path to higher employment is through exports. As several speakers at the conference said, 95 percent of the market for goods and services is outside the U.S.
Aerospace and agriculture are the usual examples of our exporting. But there are also smaller companies and organizations involved in trade. Wood Stone Corporation in Bellingham has a sizable export market for its pizza ovens and other products. Since 1990 the company has sold over 9,000 ovens in 75-plus countries around the world. SightLife, an eye bank, provides cornea tissue for transplant and offers sustainable eye bank development programs to restore sight around the world.
The Seattle Times reported recently on the high number of foreign students at the University of Washington this year. It may seem hard to grasp, but the education those students receive is an export.
"It is a product, bought by someone from another country," said Schinfeld, "and the fact that they have to come here to pick it up is just a detail."
WCIT and the Trade Development Alliance of Greater Seattle together form a strong one-two punch on trade. WCIT becomes the voice of trade policy in the region, speaking out on these issues. The Trade Development Alliance continues its role of being the connector.
Stephen H. Dunphy writes on business and economic issues for Crosscut. He was a business editor and columnist for a number of years at The Seattle Times.


You've seen more than a few of Vardenchi's spectacular choppers on these pages. But when we made the call, we didn't really know what we wanted. So we took the easy route out.
With that rather vague design brief, the ever-ready Vardenchi machine was set into motion to create BSM's special. Having seen first-hand our love for sporty machines, Akshai knew from the start that a long, low and heavy chopper sort of thing wasn't on. 'Come on, a BSM chopper? That would be the day.' So it took a different path. Having surfed a whole bunch of Brit Bike sites, Akshai decided to re-interpret a Cafe Racer for the special. Of course, he didn't tell us this until later. But obviously, having built the ThunderClap, that would have worried us. Repetition, at BSM? Can you even imagine that?
Walking around the machine, we noted a fairly complex looking front brake. 'Oh, that's actually an Avenger brake that we adapted to the bike. It really works very well.' Oh? Why not a regular Bullet disc then? 'Er... We got a bit lazy. We had the Avenger bit lying in a box on the shelf, and we would have had to go out and buy a Bullet disc...' Ah so.
Till this point, no one at BSM had actually seen anything of the bikes. Every time we asked Akshai Varde to send us pics from the in-progress build, he said, 'Ya, no problem. I'll send them soon, okay?' And then promptly forgot about that. So when he rolled in with the silver-and-yellow beauty, we were faced with two tasks. One, stop staring at the gorgeous custom. And two, we needed to christen it. And of course, we immediately did neither and took it out for a spin instead. Aye, it's lovely. Thumping around all over the place, the latest BSM Special is a supremely comfortable motorcycle. Where ThunderClap gave us a few aches and pains, the Vardenchi ThunderStrike will allow you to stay in the saddle for as long as you like. Yup, ThunderStrike.