text:
The Memory that Would Not Die
By Dave O'Malley
It was raining heavily with high gusting winds at RAF St. Eval, late in the morning of June 20, 1943 when two aging, white-painted Armstrong Whitworth Whitley Mk VII bombers laboured into the sky, climbed out over the choppy, wind-slashed Celtic Sea and turned southeast across the thick neck of the Cornish peninsula towards the Bay of Biscay. It wasn't a pleasant day, that's for sure, but for training Coastal Command anti-submarine crews, it was about as realistic as it got. Both Whitleys were part of a small anti-submarine detachment from No. 10 Operational Training Unit (OTU) at RAF Abingdon near Oxford and were engaged in training pilots and novice crews for the difficult, mostly boring, sometimes harrowing job of searching for and destroying enemy submarines.
As they crossed the Cornish countryside, they levelled off beneath the overcast and bucked their way through intermittent rain squalls and broken shredded cloud with that strange nose-down attitude unique to the Whitley. Beneath them lay the lush green quilt of Cornish farm country, dark moors and granite outcrops common to Cornwall. Somewhere to the northeast of Falmouth they crossed the south coast of England, turned southwest across the wide mouth of the English Channel and entered the enormity of the Bay of Biscay—225,000 square kilometres of cold, grey-blue seas whipped by the wind and beneath which thrummed the silent electric passage of U-boats making for or leaving the big submarine pens of the French Coast—La Rochelle, Lorient, St. Nazaire, Brest and Bordeaux. Though all U-boats travelled as much as possible underwater while transiting the Bay of Biscay, none of them had the battery power to make it all the way. The Royal Air Force's Coastal Command brass and the mathematics and statistics boffins knew that if they could keep constant and widespread vigil over the bay, night and day, catching submarines on the surface was inevitable.
The Whitley was originally designed without flaps, and a high angle-of-attack wing was used to get the aircraft into the air and back on the ground. Later it would be fitted with flaps, but the high incidence wing remained. In cruise, however, it flew with a very distinctive nose down and drag-producing attitude that gave it the appearance of always being in a shallow dive. Photos: RAF
The Roll Royce Merlin-powered Whitleys of No. 10 OTU were not long from retirement and the crews who manned them were both in training and on operations at the same time. Whitleys, along with Handley Page Hampdens and Vickers Wellingtons played the central strategic bombing roles in Bomber Command as well as with Coastal Command at the outset of the war, even though they were not designed for that purpose. But larger bombers such as Avro Lancasters, Handley Page Halifaxes and Short Stirlings had rendered the Whitley obsolete, relegated to training roles in northern Europe. Part of the No. 10 OTU's mandate was to transition newly winged aircrew from Great Britain and the Commonwealth countries into fully combat-ready crews. Crews were a blend of seasoned airmen and as yet-to-be-tested specialists—pilots, bomb-aimers, navigators, radio and radar operators and gunners. By the time they finished at the operational training school, crews would have operational experience that would allow them to proceed to a Heavy Conversion Unit where they would transition to Coastal Command's new core aircraft such as the Consolidated B-24 Liberator, Short Sunderland and Vickers Warwick. A Whitley crew was normally comprised of five men—a pilot, co-pilot/navigator, bomb aimer, radio operator and rear gunner. However, these particular Whitleys were designed for anti-submarine operations and carried a sixth man to operate the ASV Mk2 Radar equipment.
A Whitley Mk VII of Coastal Command showing the radar mast installation on its top side. Photo: Imperial War Museum
Three members of a typical five- or six-man Whitley crew work in the very tight confines of the cockpit in this RAF promotional shot. At right is the pilot in command, while left, the second pilot who also was required to handle navigation, confers with the radio operator. The role of pilot/navigator on Whitley EL-L was filled by Flying Officer Clifford Mervyn Bingham of Winnipeg, Manitoba. Photo: Imperial War Museum
A view of a Whitley cockpit. The empty seat at right is for the pilot/navigator who did the navigational work and relieved the pilot-in-command on long anti-submarine patrols. Photo: Imperial War Museum
The two-aircraft section was led by Pilot Officer Orr who was flying Whitley EL-J and his wingman was Flight Sergeant Harry Martin of Great Britain in command of Whitley EL-L (EL was the 10 OTU Squadron code worn in large letters on her sides). In Martin's Whitley were two Royal Canadian Air Force airmen—Flying Officer Clifford Mervyn Bingham of Winnipeg, Manitoba, a pilot/navigator and Pilot Officer Archibald Bertram Charles Durnell of Windsor, who was also a Navigator.
Orr led them throughout the day in a specified search pattern over a sector of the Bay of Biscay that had been assigned to them during their pre-flight briefing. About five hours into their long-ranging patrol while on a southerly heading, the radar operator in Orr's EL-J announced he had a target on his screen some 10 miles ahead, moving east to west—likely a U-boat on the surface. Orr radioed Martin and they went immediately into action. There was no sun to hide their approach, but Orr pressed on peering out through the windscreen until he could confirm it was a submarine. Orr led Martin in a shallow dive from their patrol altitude to just a couple of hundred feet above the water and took a bead on the submarine low in the water ahead.
One can only imagine the stress U-boat crews underwent hoping to sneak across the Bay of Biscay undetected. Lookouts were always searching the skies on all quarters hoping to spot enemy aircraft approaching. The submarine, now only a mile ahead of Orr and Martin, was most likely the Italian Marcello-class submarine Royal Submarine (R. Smg.) Barbarigo, out of Bordeaux and making for the open ocean. It's likely she did not spot them in time to submerge, or perhaps she had a mechanical issue that prevented her from diving, as her crew stayed to fight it out on the surface.
Barbarigo, commanded by Tenente di Vascello Umberto De Julio, was no longer an attack submarine, having recently been converted to an underwater freighter to carry valuable materiel between Germany and Japan. Her deck guns, torpedoes and her attack periscope had been removed. She had only defensive anti-aircraft guns still mounted. She had left Bordeaux on the 16th, loaded with 130 tons of high-value war materiel cargo, bound for Japan, with plans to return with a cargo of rubber and tin.
The Italian Marcello-Class submarine Barbarigo with crew turned out for a photo op from a warship keeping station alongside. Photo: WeaponsandWarfare.com
A poor photo Barbarigo's crowded conning tower as she comes home after a cruise. The graffiti on the side says: "Chi teme la morte, non e degno di vivere" which means "Those who fear death, are not worthy of living." She completed 14 war cruises and was the fifth-highest scoring Italian submarine of the Second World War, but her life was not without controversy. Her first two Mediterranean sorties were without results, after which she was moved to the German submarine base at Bordeaux. Over the next months she carried out three more offensive cruises in the waters around Ireland, which netted her only one merchantman slightly damaged. In October of 1941, under command of Capitano di Corvetto Enzo Grossi, Barbarigo found a lone lighted ship — the Spanish SS Navemar — which was a recognized sign of neutrality. Grossi torpedoed and sank her anyway. The spring of 1942 found her in Brazilian waters where she attempted to attack a merchantman, but was caught and harried for five days by Brazilian B-25s and surface ships. She managed an escape and on May 20, found the cruiser USS Milwaukee and the destroyer USS Moffett on the surface. Grossi fired two torpedoes at Milwaukee (which he wrongly claimed was a Maryland-class battleship) and then claimed to have seen the explosions and heard the sounds of her sinking. Oddly, Milwaukee and Moffett were unaware of the attack and in fact both survived the war. It's hard to understand how a 7,000 ton four-stack light cruiser could be mistaken for a 32,000-ton behemoth like Maryland, but Grossi received plenty of chest pumping press, a promotion and the Medaglia d'oro al vala militare (Gold Medal of Military Valour). Five months later, off the coast of Africa, Grossi came across the corvette HMS Petunia on the night of October 6. He fired four torpedoes at her, then claimed it was a Mississippi-class battleship and that he had sunk it. Both Mississippi-class battleships (Mississippi and Idaho) and been sold to the Greeks in 1914 as Kilkis and Limnos. Both were training ships at anchor in a Greek port when they were sunk by German bombers a year before Grossi claimed to have sunk one. He was promoted again and given another Medaglia d'oro al vala militare. Petunia escaped unharmed and also survived the war. Two post-war enquiries stripped Grossi of his promotions and medals, but stated he acted in good faith. Photo: sixtant.net
Pilot Officer Orr in EL-J made the first bombing run, but all his depth charges exploded short of the target instead of straddling the submarine. However, as he flashed over the running Barbarigo, his rear gunner lashed the conning tower with his quadruple Browning .303 machine guns. As Orr pulled up and away, Harry Martin in EL-L made his approach on the target. As he drove to the target, Barbarigo slewed 90 degrees to the left, coming stern-on to Martin's Whitley. Orr was now circling the battle scene below—white foaming circles marking his own missed depth charge explosions and the churning wake of Barbarigo. He could see Martin's depth charges falling and splashing and then exploding well short of the target. From his cockpit he could not see any defensive fire from the submarine, but there is no doubt she was shooting. After Martin passed over the entire length of the submarine, Orr witnessed smoke and flames pouring from one of her engines and then watched as moments later, Martin, who may have been killed in the attack, lost control of Whitley EL-L and crashed into the sea with all six crew members killed — Flight Sergeant Harry Martin, Pilot; Flying Officer Clifford Bingham, RCAF, Second Pilot/Navigator, Pilot Officer Archie Durnell, RCAF, Navigator; Sergeant Walter Ettle, RAFVR of Somerset; Pilot Officer Frederick Tomlins, RAFVR of London, England; and Sergeant Robert Warhurst, RAFVR, of Derbyshire, England.
In a similar surface attack, a Royal Air Force Whitley of 77 Squadron drops depth charges on U-705 in the Bay of Biscay in 1942. Photo: Imperial War Museum
Within moments, the wake of Barbarigo thinned and disappeared as she submerged beneath the sea. With nothing left to do, Orr and his shocked crew turned for home. It was not certain whether any damage was made to Barbarigo, but she too was never seen again, along with her entire crew and three passengers. The Italian submarine base at Bordeaux, known as BETASOM, lost contact with her at this time, and never regained it. All that was left of Whitley EL-L and the six young men who were aboard her was some fuel on the surface and a few bits of debris. The Bay of Biscay, instantly and without malice, folded them into her cold embrace and sealed shut the stories of their lives. In the multi-continental cataclysm that was the Second World War, the deaths of these six men were just another barely audible click of the odometer of suffering. That journey towards peace would last two more years and the memories of these men were lost like a child's cry in a hurricane. Somewhere thousands of feet below, the shattered wreckage of their lives would shortly settle on the bottom of the Bay of Biscay where it remains to this day.
The loss of the crew of Whitley EL-L would be felt immediately by the St. Eval detachment from No. 10 OTU, but the truth was that these men had not had much time to develop friendships with other airmen of the unit. A pint of beer would be raised in the Officers' and Sergeants' messes that night, or perhaps at subdued snug at the local pub, but a replacement crew and Whitley would soon arrive to fill the gap. Bingham's father, Lieutenant Colonel William John "Jack" Bingham, MC and Bar, VD (Veterans Decoration or Colonial Auxiliary Forces Officers' Decoration—an earlier long service award replaced now by the CD or Canadian Forces' Decoration), second in command of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles, a Canadian infantry regiment that was training in England for the eventual invasion of mainland Europe, made his way to RAF St. Eval to speak with the 10 OTU commander about his missing son and to retrieve his personal effects.
At the same time, after confirming the loss of Bingham and Durnell, two telegrams would be composed at RCAF headquarters in Ottawa in the all too familiar phrases that were the conventions of the war — "REGRET TO INFORM YOU ADVICE HAS BEEN RECEIVED FROM ROYAL CANADIAN AIR FORCE CASUALTIES OFFICER OVERSEAS THAT YOUR SON....". The next day, a Canadian National Telegraph and Cable Company messenger, rounded the corner of Portage Avenue and pedalled up Thompson Drive. Halfway up the block on the right side of the street, he dismounted from his bicycle, reached into his shoulder bag and pulled out an envelope addressed to Mrs. W. J. Bingham, 245 Thompson Drive, Winnipeg. He walked up to the neatly-kept, storey-and-a-half home set 40 feet back from the street, paused at the door, took a deep breath and knocked.
A studio portrait of handsome Flying Officer Clifford Mervyn Bingham. The Second World War was a happy time for studio photographers, as every serviceman or servicewoman had their formal photos taken in uniform to share with family and sweethearts. These also were shared with hometown newspapers in the event of newsworthy stories such as the award of pilot's wings, arriving safely overseas, or reports of being missing or killed in action. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
In addition to Cliff Bingham, another Canadian was killed with the crew of Whitley EL-L. Pilot Officer Archie Durnell was a Navigator who grew up in Windsor, Ontario. Photo: Canadian Virtual War Memorial
A few weeks after receiving the telegram, Olive would receive a formal Ministerial Letter, likely signed by Charles "Chubby" Power, the Minister of Defence for Air, informing her that her son was listed as missing in action. The process for determining that Clifford was lost followed a well established protocol. Six months would pass as the RCAF awaited word from the Red Cross or German authorities of the very remote possibility that Clifford was rescued and made a prisoner of war. Six months later, on January 24, 1944, with all hope abandoned, a second letter was sent to Olive stating now that he was "Missing and Presumed Dead". Two weeks later, on February 7, a third letter was sent after a death certificate was issued. In June, Olive received the "King's Message" with his condolences and gratitude. Though this process was the correct way to confirm Clifford's loss, the receipt of each letter must have offered a moment of renewed hope, followed by yet more pain.
In addition to informing his parents through this series of letters that he was missing in action, presumed dead and then for official purposes declared dead, a clerk in the Casualty Office of the Royal Canadian Air Force would, following receipt of a copy of his official death certificate, include Clifford Bingham's name, rank and serial number in yet another lengthy list of airmen killed in action. Once this was done, the clerk would send this letter to one of three approved companies—Henry Birks and Sons of Montreal, jewellers and silversmiths; Lackie Manufacturing Company, a commemorative medal manufacturer or Roden Brothers, a silverware and tableware manufacturer; both of Toronto—there to be added to an ever-growing order for sterling silver Memorial Crosses.
The Memorial Cross, often known as the Silver Cross for Mothers, is probably the one award from the Second World War that every mother in Canada prayed she would not receive. On 1 December 1919, King George V, on the advice of his Cabinet under Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden, created the Memorial Cross as a memento of personal loss and sacrifice on the part of widows and mothers of Canadian sailors, soldiers, and airmen who had lost their lives for the country during the First World War. This included widows and mothers of those whose post-war death was related to their war service. It took the form of a small (32 mm) sterling silver Greek cross bearing the Royal Cypher of King George VI (for the Second World War), the St. Edward Crown suspended from a purple ribbon and worn around the neck. Engraved across the back of the horizontal axis of the cross are the rank, name and service number of the deceased service person.
On June 3, 1944 Olive Bingham's Memorial Cross was made available to the chaplain of No. 2 Training Command of the RCAF (based in Winnipeg) who made arrangements to present it to her. The cross was presented in a small leather, silk-lined case sometime and most certainly her tears flowed when she opened it for the first time and turned the bright silver cross over in her hands to reveal her beautiful boy's name. One cannot imagine the finality of it all. In time, the cross would become a means to remember her beloved Clifford and she would wear it on Remembrance Day and recall the beautiful life that was taken. I have come to understand that, though men like Clifford Mervyn Bingham paid with their lives in what we call the "supreme sacrifice", it is their bereft mothers, their stoic fathers, their sweet sisters and their little brothers who are conscripted to shoulder that sacrifice until the end of their lives.
Lieutenant Colonel Jack Bingham would have to put this tragedy in some hidden place for the time being as he prepared his regiment in England for the battle to come. Because, at 53, he was considered too old to command the 1st Battalion in combat, he returned to Winnipeg in 1944 to command the 3rd Battalion, Royal Winnipeg Rifles which were in reserve. There's no doubt he had the loss of his son as motivation to push his men to train hard for the final victory. His burden would be lifted upon his death in Miami, Manitoba in March of 1953. Olive had two younger children to support on the home front and suffered Clifford's loss with dignity and sadness until her death at age 92 in 1986.
A photo of the Bingham family (L-R: Olive, Jack, Jean and Billy) as they greeted Jack on his return from England in 1944 to begin training the reserve 3rd Battalion of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles. They all look relieved and happy, but their smiles hide the damage done to them by Clifford's death. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff's younger sister Jean at age 18. She posed for the photo after turning 18 in 1942 and sent it to her father overseas as a Christmas gift. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Young William Gordon "Billy" Bingham loved and admired his older brother and Cliff's death left him without his role model and hero. Later, Billy, inspired by his brother, became a bush pilot, flying up north and in British Columbia. He was a bush pilot on the west coast of Canada when he was killed in an airplane accident in October of 1979. He was returning to Squamish, British Columbia from Toba Inlet, north of Powell River in a Cessna 172 when heavy fog obscured Howe Inlet and the small airport they were to land at. Bingham circled overhead for half an hour hoping for a break in the fog, but ran out of fuel and crashed into Darrell Bay while trying to get the Cessna down. There were three aboard including Bingham and only one passenger survived, rescued by a pair of fishermen in a canoe who were out checking crab pots. For the second time in her life, Olive would have to face the loss of her son to an airplane crash.
Perhaps during his training and because his brother was his powerful inspiration, Olive's Memorial Cross ended up in Billy's possession long before his mother's death. Later, and before his death in the flying accident, Billy and his wife would divorce. The Memorial Cross became just one small unnoticed thing tossed into the bottom of his wife Margaret's jewellery box—a box she took with her in the separation. After Olive's death on 1986, the memory of Clifford Mervyn Bingham, cast in the form of a small silver cross, disappeared into the past, much the way relationships and love are left to fade away.
That left Clifford's beautiful sister Jean to hold strong to Clifford's memory. For a time she worked at CKRC, a Winnipeg radio station where she met and eventually married journalist George Brimmell in 1953. Their only child, Clifford Bingham Brimmell, named for her lost brother, was born in 1956. I first met Jean's son Cliff in 1986, the year his grandmother Olive died. Like his namesake, Cliff was handsome, easy going, kind hearted, a talented writer and a good friend. Many years ago, Cliff had told me the story of his lost uncle and how his mother missed him so, all these years later. He told me about a program in Manitoba that named previously unnamed lakes and other major geographic features (bays and islands) after the province's more than 4,200 war dead.
Bingham Lake lies at the very top of the province of Manitoba near the border with Nunavut Territory. Photo: Google Maps
Bingham Lake is so remote, that likely no one has yet put a canoe on its surface. Whitish areas show where the 3-kilometre long lake's surface has been disturbed by high wind gusts. Photo: Google Maps
A few months ago, I got an email from Cliff, who I hadn't heard from in a few months: "Hey if you've got time for breakfast or coffee sometime soon, I've got a great story for you!" So, we made arrangements to meet at 7 AM the following Wednesday at Eddie's Diner on Bank Street below my office. Cliff was waiting in a booth when I arrived. We were the only early birds. I ordered eggs and sausage and nodded sleepily when the server proffered coffee while Cliff pulled out a manila envelope and placed it on the table. He started into a story about how his son Jesse had received a friend request on Facebook asking if he was related to George Brimmell. To make a long story short, Cliff went into explaining that through Jesse, he had made contact with a woman named Heather Neill, a citizen of the small city of Vernon in the interior of British Columbia. Several years ago, Neill and her husband were filling up with gas at the Petro Canada station at the corner of 43rd Street and 25th Avenue in Vernon when they spotted a small wooden jewellery box lying at the back of the station, obviously discarded by a thief after taking all the valuables from it. Although it contained only a small number of small items, mostly broken (a couple of ladies' watches, a pin and other trinkets), the Neills contacted the local RCMP but were told the best way to get it back to the rightful owners was to try and track them down themselves.
The Memorial Cross representing the terrible sacrifice made by Clifford Bingham and his mother was dumped on the ground behind this Petro Canada station in Vernon, British Columbia—a meaningless trinket to an unthinking thief. Luckily, it was found by someone who cared enough to find its rightful owner. Photo: Google Maps
They kept the box, but had no immediate luck finding the owner. A few years later, Heather was looking through the box again and this time she picked up one item that she had not really paid much attention to before—a small silver cross. This time, she turned it over and found something engraved on the horizontal axis—F.O. C.M. BINGHAM J22033. She would not yet know the heartbreaking story behind the cross, but she knew in her heart that it was important to someone. Through Veterans Affairs' Virtual War Memorial, she found the basics about Clifford—his age, date of his death and most importantly, the names of his parents. Armed with this information they contacted their local newspaper, the Vernon Morning Star and in mid-December of 2019, a story ran in the paper about their find and their desire to get the Memorial Cross back in the hands of Clifford Bingham's family.
Two of the items in the stolen jewellery box were Olive Bingham's Memorial Cross and a silver cloisonné British Empire Service League—Canadian Legion lapel pin that once belonged to Lieutenant Colonel Jack Bingham of St. James, Manitoba. Photo: Brendan Shykora, Vernon Morning Star
A friend did some research and was able to determine that the only living member of the family was Clifford's sister Jean, now Jean Brimmell. In January, Jean's grandson Jesse got the message on Facebook and within a matter of a few weeks, Cliff was sliding Olive's Memorial Cross out of the envelope onto the Arborite surface of a banquette table at Eddie's Diner in Ottawa.
The back of Mrs. Olive (Park) Bingham's Memorial Cross with the name of her first child engraved. I can imagine her thumb rubbing across this inscription while she struggled to bring up memories of her son with so much promise. Photo: Dave O'Malley
I had always wanted to write a story about Cliff's namesake and long-lost brother of his mother. I had known and respected the cheerful and intelligent Jean Brimmell for years now, and for much of that time I had wanted to research and write a story about Jean's brother but never got around to it. Now, I had a real story to tell of a Memorial Cross that made a long journey home.
However, a few weeks later, Cliff called me again. This time he had bad news. The evening before, he was sitting at a Tim Hortons restaurant chatting with some colleagues from the Ottawa Rowing Club where he is a coach. At one point he noticed a familiar local vagrant coming into the restaurant, a dishevelled and mentally ill man he had seen many times before walking and panhandling in the streets of his downtown Ottawa neighbourhood. But Cliff, being Cliff, went back to chatting with his friends and didn't think twice about his knapsack containing his laptop and the manila envelope which he had placed on a shelf behind him. When the chat was over and the coffees consumed, Cliff and his friends got up to leave and that's when he noticed that his knapsack and ball cap were gone. He guessed right away who had taken it and even one of his buddies confirmed he saw the man take it but had thought it belonged to the thief.
Staff at the Tim Hortons confirmed who stole the knapsack through security video and Cliff spent hours that night combing the local park and streets looking for the second thief—to no avail. When he called me the next morning he was feeling terrible about losing his Grandmother's Silver Cross after the incredible journey it took to find its way home, but he said he was getting in his car and was going to search for the man who had stolen the cherished family memento. I wished him luck, but I was sure the contents of the bag had been sold in a few hours to feed whatever habits the man had. It was, I thought, a sad way for the cross to be lost forever.
Three hours later, Cliff called me again with the good news I was not expecting to hear. After driving around downtown Ottawa for an hour or so, he spied the man walking along the street and wearing Cliff's hat. He pulled ahead of him by a block and dialled 911 as he watched him from a safe distance. While still explaining the situation to the police over the phone, a squad car rounded the corner and pulled up next to Cliff. Within a few minutes they had the man detained and convinced the thief to take them back to his flophouse, where they were able to retrieve the manila envelope containing the cross. So happy to get the Memorial Cross back, and Cliff being Cliff, he didn't ask the man about the laptop or knapsack and instead gave him $20.00. It tells you a lot about Clifford Bingham's nephew that he felt sorry for the clearly messed-up man who had stolen the knapsack. He may be one of the most forgetful friends I have, but he is one of my best.
There is a long thread to this story that started at St. Eval on that fateful morning and followed a search pattern over the Bay of Biscay; that dove with the Whitley into the cold Biscay water and emerged in the typewriter ribbon of an RCAF clerk in 1944; that reappeared in the hammer strokes of an engraver at a silversmith and then year after year wrapped like a purple ribbon around Olive's neck on Remembrance Day; that lay unseen at the bottom of a red flocked jewellery box for years more before being dumped by a thief under the mercury vapour light of a gas station a thousand miles from Winnipeg; that was found by a curious and compassionate couple and written in the lines of a local newspaper; that found its way home only to be lost again; that would not die and compelled Clifford Bingham Brimmell to drive his own search pattern in the streets of Ottawa until it was found again.
Now that's a story worth waiting to tell.
By Dave O'Malley,
for Jean Audrey (Bingham) Brimmell
Flying Officer Clifford Mervyn Bingham
Clifford Bingham was born on November 23, 1920 near the tiny farming village of Miami about 100 kilometres southwest of Winnipeg, Manitoba. He was the first child of Lieutenant Colonel William John "Jack" Bingham, MC and Bar, VD, and his wife, the former Olive Josephine Park. His father's First World War attestation papers indicate he was a farmer, but he was also a highly decorated and promoted veteran of the war. As a Captain and then acting Major in the 10th, 32nd, 222nd Battalions of the Canadian Expeditionary Force (Royal Winnipeg Rifles), Bingham was mentioned in despatches and awarded the Military Cross twice for gallant and distinguished service in action. He was severely wounded by a gunshot or shrapnel to the head in October, 1915. After surgery, he was listed for a long time as dangerously ill and took two months to recover and then was sent back to active service. In 1918, he was hospitalized in England with something called Jacksonian Epilepsy — seizures caused by the damage to his brain. Once demobilized, Jack returned to Manitoba, settling near Miami and farmed until 1928, when, because of his war injuries he stopped farming and went to work for the Manitoba Hydro Commission, moving the family to a suburb of Winnipeg known as St. James.
Young Cliff would eventually get a pair of siblings—a sister named Jean Audrey, born two years later and a little brother named William Gordon, born four year after Jean. Despite the tough years of the depression, Cliff grew up happy and relatively healthy. In 1929, he was hospitalized with scarlet fever and had his appendix out in 1936. He would later state on his attestation papers that he played all sports, but was not exceptional at any.
A photo of a young Cliff Bingham and his little sister Jean on the steps of their home. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
In the late 1920s, Cliff and his sister Jean sit atop the family car as their mother looks on smiling. One looks at this photo and sees the bright promise that was the life of young Clifford Mervyn Bingham and feels the loss deeply. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff Bingham shows his sister and brother and family German Shepherd a bird he has just killed with his rifle on the banks of the Assiniboine River near their family home on Thompson Drive in the community of St. James, Manitoba. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff's little sister Jean flies her own airplane on the sidewalk of the family home in St. James. A quick search of "Airplane model EF-499" on the internet revealed other photos of this very same photo prop. Back in the late 1920s and early 1930s, a photographer went door to door in St. James, Manitoba dragging this wonderful model aircraft and taking pictures of kids. I wish they still did these sorts of things. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
A formal photo of the Bingham family in the mid-1930s. Olive and Lt. Col. Jack Bingham stand on either side of a teenaged Clifford while in front are his two siblings—sister Jean and younger brother Billy. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff completed Grade 11 (Junior Matriculation) at St. James Collegiate, after which he enrolled in an automotive technology course in college. While still in school, he joined the Fort Garry Horse, a non-active militia unit based in Winnipeg. When war was declared by Canada in September 9, 1939, Cliff, likely inspired by his father's military career and his passion for flight (as a teenager, Cliff loved to build aircraft models), was quick to enlist in the Royal Canadian Air Force. He was just 18 years old.
Upon acceptance in the RCAF, Cliff, suitcase in hand, said goodbye to his parents and siblings at Winnipeg's Union Station on Main Street and boarded a train for Toronto. Here, he reported to the RCAF's Toronto Manning Pool where he spent a month before moving on to RCAF Station Trenton. He was at Trenton (possibly doing guard duty) until the beginning of May 1940 when he was finally sent to No.1 Manning Depot in Toronto and his RCAF career began. Having had experience with auto mechanics, Cliff was selected to attend to No.1 Technical Training School (TTS) in St. Thomas, Ontario, there to train as an Aero Engine Mechanic. No.1 TTS was housed on the grounds of the old Ontario Psychiatric Complex and housed up to 2,000 student technicians at a time.
The cover of The Aircraftman, a monthly publication produced at No.1 TTS, St. Thomas, Ontario, depicting the importance of the technical skills of mechanics, fitters and other ground crew in keeping RCAF aircraft in the skies. Note that Newfoundland and Labrador are not included in the red of Canada. They would join Confederation in 1949. Photo: ElginCounty.ca
Cliff Bingham's parents— Lieutenant Colonel Jack Bingham and his wife Olive (née Park) are photographed at Camp Debert, Nova Scotia. Camp Debert was a staging and training area for units deploying overseas. It was here that Bingham's Royal Winnipeg Rifles trained and prepared for duty overseas early in the war. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Leading Aircraftman (LAC) Clifford Bingham poses proudly with his father (right) Lieutenant Colonel Jack Bingham, MC, VD, Commanding Officer of the Royal Winnipeg Rifles. Known as the "Little Black Devils", this regiment would earn hard fought battle honours during the Northwest Rebellion, the Boer War, the First World War (including Vimy), the Second World War and the War in Afghanistan. This photo was likely taken after he had completed initial aircrew selection training No 1 TTS as he is wearing LAC propeller badges on his sleeves. Since his father and another Army officer are present, it possible that this was when he was at No. 8 SFTS and was visiting his father who was training with his Royal Winnipeg Rifles in Camp Debert, Nova Scotia. The other officer was apparently the regimental chaplain. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Though Cliff was studying aircraft mechanics, it was evident from his actions there that he longed to be a pilot. While at St. Thomas, Cliff signed up for private flying lessons at the nearby London Flying Club which operated from an airfield at Lambeth, Ontario. There he paid for 8 hours of dual instruction followed by another five hours of solo flight. Cliff graduated as an Aero Engine Mechanic (AEM Class B) at the end of January of 1941 and then took a train to No. 8 Service Flying Training School (SFTS) in Moncton, New Brunswick, there to work on the school's many Harvard and Anson aircraft. He arrived at the end of January, 1941, and worked maintaining aircraft engines for the next 15 months. While at Moncton, he played on the inter-squadron volleyball team and took a course to improve his mathematics skills, hoping to be selected for aircrew training. For a young man like Clifford Bingham who had joined specifically to be a pilot, who had already begun private flight training and who stated that his one hobby was model aircraft building, fixing airplanes in a hangar while young men just like him took those airplanes aloft, was likely extremely frustrating. Despite having trained him as a mechanic, the RCAF finally relented in April of 1942 and sent him orders to report to No. 3 Initial Training School (ITS) in Victoriaville, Québec.
Before Cliff Bingham did his Elementary Flying Training on Fleet Finches at No. 17 EFTS in Stanley, Nova Scotia, he spent a few months at No. 3 Initial Training School at Victoriaville in Quebec's Eastern Townships. Here Bingham (right) and some friends snack on something (possibly patates frites?) they have just bought at Lou's Restaurant in the small town of Richmond, Québec, about 50 kilometres from Victoriaville. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
There were seven Initial Training Schools across the country where young men who had been selected for aircrew training were taught, tested and sorted according to abilities and pressing demands. Here they studied theoretical subjects and were subjected to a variety of tests. Theoretical studies included navigation, theory of flight, meteorology, duties of an officer, air force administration, algebra, and trigonometry. Tests included an interview with a psychiatrist, the 4-hour long M2 physical examination, a session in a decompression chamber, and a "test flight" in a Link Trainer as well as academics. Those deemed good material for flying training would then be assigned to an Elementary Flying Training School (EFTS). During his time at ITS, Cliff was judged to be "Neat, Retiring, Dependable, Ambitious and Keen". After three months, and a promotion to Corporal, Clifford received the good news he was hoping for. He was posted to No. 17 EFTS at Stanley, Nova Scotia, there to begin his flight training on Fleet Finches. He arrived there on July 4, 1942 and completed the syllabus by August 29, when he was struck off strength and ordered to No. 2 SFTS at Uplands in Ottawa. Cliff impressed his instructors at Stanley, who summed him up with high praise: "Excellent material. Far above average. Very capable, quiet, keen and reliable. Exceptional flying ability in all phases." He flew a total of 85 hours — both dual and solo and graduated second in his class. There is no doubt that Cliff had a bright future ahead of him in the wartime Royal Canadian Air Force.
Corporal Cliff Bingham (left) and a pal say goodbye to friends from the passenger door of a rail car. Taken in August of 1942, it was likely taken at the train station at Stanley, Nova Scotia en route to No. 2 SFTS at Uplands there to begin flying Harvard trainers. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff Bingham joined Course No. 63 at No. 2 SFTS Uplands in Ottawa, one of the larger of the advanced flying schools in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan. It's not known how many of these 29 graduated, but Cliff (third from left in the front row) was second in his class overall. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
A great shot of Cliff Bingham flying a Harvard trainer over the snow-covered Ottawa Valley near No. 2 SFTS Uplands in late November or early December of 1942. In order to see his face better for the shot, Cliff has slid back the canopy which no doubt let in a thundering stream of freezing air. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff Bingham arrived in Ottawa for his service flying training on the last day of August, 1942 and there he completed 225 hours of dual and solo flying on the Harvard advanced trainer. His wings parade was on December 18 and he was promoted to Sergeant, pending a recommendation for a commission. Once again he graduated second in his class of 29 student pilots and left with another glowing assessment: "High average student. Progressed quickly. No serious faults. Appearance, bearing and general deportment very good. Respectful, cooperative type. Shows plenty of determination and initiative. Recommended for a commission." Upon graduation, all students were allowed to state their preference for further training — on fighters, bombers etc. Cliff's preference was to become a reconnaissance pilot and his strong showing during training and his rank in the results, helped him get his wish. He received orders and a travel voucher for a train trip to Summerside, Prince Edward Island, where he was posted to No. 1 General Reconnaissance School, arriving there on January 4, 1943.
While at No 1 General Reconnaissance School at Summerside, Cliff Bingham's commission came through, earning him a new officer's service number and requiring a new photo for his identification card. Photo: From Cliff Bingham's service file, Library and Archives Canada.
In a letter to his father from RCAF Station Summerside, Cliff's pride and excitement at being just made an officer in the RCAF was clearly evident. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Cliff Bingham photographed in the winter of 1942-43 at Summerside P.E.I. with his new Pilot Officer stripes on the epaulettes of his great coat. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
A wonderful image of Clifford Bingham at the reigns of a one-horse cutter in Summerside P.E.I.. The caption in the back written in Clifford's hand is the inscription: "Acme Taxi Co. "Drive Ur Self" Anywhere in Town for 25 cents." Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Certainly, Cliff's dream would have been to become a Spitfire or Mosquito Photo Reconnaissance pilot. At No. 1 GRS, he flew twin-engine Avro Ansons on long distance anti-submarine and training patrols and participated in the Battle of the St. Lawrence, the two and a half year-long anti-submarine operation in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, upper St. Lawrence River, Strait of Belle Isle and Cabot Strait. Cliff would not do so well at Summerside as he had done during flight training. He graduated 15th out of a class of 19. His instructors commented that he was a "Hard-working pupil who tends to panic in the exam room. Could have done better than his marks show... but with more experience he should make a reliable G.R. pilot." He was recommended for torpedo bombers first and then land-based reconnaissance.
He finished at Summerside on March 6, 1943 and with a requirement for Coastal command crews to fight the U-boat menace which was just then at its peak, he was posted to a Bomber Command Operational Training Unit at RAF Abingdon in Great Britain, travelling there aboard a troopship. That OTU operated a small detachment of anti-submarine Whitleys at RAF St. Eval. On June 20, 1943, Clifford Bingham flew from St. Eval on his fifth and last operational training flight. And that's where the story began.
Pilot Officer Cliff Bingham sheltering from the wind and rain aboard a troopship on its way to Great Britain. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
Another dramatic photo of Cliff Bingham aboard a troopship heading across the Atlantic at the height of the U-boat wars. Photo: Jean (Bingham) Brimmell Collection
I would like to thank Cliff Bingham Brimmell for his cheerful assistance in providing images and family background for this story. His uncle and namesake would be very proud of him. As well, I thank my friend Tim Dubé for helping me interpret Clifford Bingham's service file cards outlining the sequence of official letters and awards and for his constant and encouraging help over the years. With the help of his critical eye, I have managed to avoid many mistakes and omissions.
Dave O'Malley


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Q: origin of the notion of "network" in graph theory In current graph theory, a "network" is a precisely defined object: It is a directed graph associated with a function, the "capacity", which is defined on the edge set and has certain specific properties, and for which "flows" - other functions with yet other properties - may be defined.
However, "network" is also a common word. The similarity between everyday's life "networks" (especially electric ones) is overwhelming, and it is not surprising: there is a long history of interplays between graph theory and electric engineering, probably beginning with a famous paper by Kirchhoff (but please correct me if there are even earlier connections). I have the feeling - but again, I might be wrong - that (electric) networks first made it into pure graph theory through the articles of Brooks, Smith, Stone and Tutte, and in particular through The dissection of rectangles into squares (1940); but they still used the word quite informally.
My question is:

When was this similarity formalized? When did networks become more than merely a metaphor or a source of heuristics and assume today's precise definition?

I have an upper bound: in both famous 1956 papers on the Max-Flow-Min-Cut theorem (Ford-Fulkerson and Elias-Feinstein-Shannon), the definition is given already quite clearly, if casually.
Not quite sure whether this question can have an answer at all, as the boundaries are clearly fluid.

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Q: Implementing Parallel Algorithm for Longest Common Subsequence I am trying to implement the Parallel Algorithm for Longest Common Subsequence Problem described in http://www.iaeng.org/publication/WCE2010/WCE2010_pp499-504.pdf
But i am having a problem with the variable C in Equation 6 on page 4

The paper refered to C on at the end of page 3 as

C as Let C[1 : l] bethe finite alphabet

I am not sure what is ment by this, as i guess it would it with the 2 strings ABCDEF and ABQXYEF be ABCDEFQXY. But what if my 2 stings is a list of objects (Where my match test for an example is obj1.Name = obj2.Name), what would my C be here? just a union on the 2 arrays?

A: Having read and studied the paper, I can say that C is supposed to be an array holding the alphabet of your strings, where the alphabet size (and, thus, the size of C) is l.
By the looks of your question, however, I feel the need to go deeper on this, because it looks like you didn't get the whole picture yet. What is P[i,j], and why do you need it? The answer is that you don't really need it, but it's an elegant optimization. In page 3, a little bit before Theorem 1, it is said that:

[...] This process ends when j-k = 0 at the k-th step, or a(i) =
  b(j-k) at the k-th step. Assume that the process stops at the k-th
  step, and k must be the minimum number that makes a(i) = b(j-k) or j-k
  = 0. [...]

The recurrence relation in (3) is equivalent to (2), but the fundamental difference is that (2) expands recursively, whereas with (3) you never have recursive calls, provided that you know k. In other words, the magic behind (3) not expanding recursively is that you somehow know the spot where the recursion on (2) would stop, so you look at that cell immediately, rather than recursively approaching it.
Ok then, but how do you find out the value for k? Since k is the spot where (2) reaches a base case, it can be seen that k is the amount of columns that you have to "go back" on B until you are either off the limits (i.e., the first column that is filled with 0's) OR you find a match between a character in B and a character in A (which corresponds to the base case conditions in (2)). Remember that you will be matching the character a(i-1), where i is the current row.
So, what you really want is to find the last position in B before j where the character a(i-1) appears. If no such character ever appears in B before j, then that would be equivalent to reaching the case i = 0 or j-1 = 0 in (2); otherwise, it's the same as reaching a(i) = b(j-1) in (2).
Let's look at an example:

Consider that the algorithm is working on computing the values for i = 2 and j = 3 (the row and column are highlighted in gray). Imagine that the algorithm is working on the cell highlighted in black and is applying (2) to determine the value of S[2,2] (the position to the left of the black one). By applying (2), it would then start by looking at a(2) and b(2). a(2) is C, b(2) is G, to there's no match (this is the same procedure as the original, well-known algorithm). The algorithm now wants to find the value of S[2,2], because it is needed to compute S[2,3] (where we are). S[2,2] is not known yet, but the paper shows that it is possible to determine that value without refering to the row with i = 2. In (2), the 3rd case is chosen: S[2,2] = max(S[1, 2], S[2, 1]). Notice, if you will, that all this formula is doing is looking at the positions that would have been used to calculate S[2,2]. So, to rephrase that: we're computing S[2,3], we need S[2,2] for that, we don't know it yet, so we're going back on the table to see what's the value of S[2,2] in pretty much the same way we did in the original, non-parallel algorithm.
When will this stop? In this example, it will stop when we find the letter C (this is our a(i)) in TGTTCGACA before the second T (the letter on the current column) OR when we reach column 0. Because there is no C before T, we reach column 0. Another example:

Here, (2) would stop with j-1 = 5, because that is the last position in TGTTCGACA where C shows up. Thus, the recursion reaches the base case a(i) = b(j-1) when j-1 = 5.
With this in mind, we can see a shortcut here: if you could somehow know the amount k such that j-1-k is a base case in (2), then you wouldn't have to go through the score table to find the base case.
That's the whole idea behind P[i,j]. P is a table where you lay down the whole alphabet vertically (on the left side); the string B is, once again, placed horizontally in the upper side. This table is computed as part of a preprocessing step, and it will tell you exactly what you will need to know ahead of time: for each position j in B, it says, for each character C[i] in C (the alphabet), what is the last position in B before j where C[i] is found (note that i is used to index C, the alphabet, and not the string A. Maybe the authors should have used another index variable to avoid confusion).
So, you can think of the semantics for an entry P[i,j] as something along the lines of: The last position in B where I saw C[i] before position j. For example, if you alphabet is sigma = {A, E, I, O, U}, and B = "AOOIUEI", thenP` is:

Take the time to understand this table. Note the row for O. Remember: this row lists, for every position in B, where is the last known "O". Only when j = 3 will we have a value that is not zero (it's 2), because that's the position after the first O in AOOIUEI. This entry says that the last position in B where O was seen before is position 2 (and, indeed, B[2] is an O, the one that follows A). Notice, in that same row, that for j = 4, we have the value 3, because now the last position for O is the one that correspnds to the second O in B (and since no more O's exist, the rest of the row will be 3).
Recall that building P is a preprocessing step necessary if you want to easily find the value of k that makes the recursion from equation (2) stop. It should make sense by now that P[i,j] is the k you're looking for in (3). With P, you can determine that value in O(1) time.
Thus, the C[i] in (6) is a letter of the alphabet - the letter that we are currently considering. In the example above, C = [A,E,I,O,U], and C[1] = A, C[2] = E, etc. In equaton (7), c is the position in C where a(i) (the current letter of string A being considered) lives. It makes sense: after all, when building the score table position S[i,j], we want to use P to find the value of k - we want to know where was the last time we saw an a(i) in B before j. We do that by reading P[index_of(a(i)), j].
Ok, now that you understand the use of P, let's see what's happening with your implementation.
About your specific case
In the paper, P is shown as a table that lists the whole alphabet. It is a good idea to iterate through the alphabet because the typical uses of this algorithm are in bioinformatics, where the alphabet is much, much smaller than the string A, making the iteration through the alphabet cheaper.
Because your strings are sequences of objects, your C would be the set of all possible objects, so you'd have to build a table P with the set of all possible object instance (nonsense, of course). This is definitely a case where the alphabet size is huge when compared to your string size. However, note that you will only be indexing P in those rows that correspond to letters from A: any row in P for a letter C[i] that is not in A is useless and will never be used. This makes your life easier, because it means you can build P with the string A instead of using the alphabet of every possible object.
Again, an example: if your alphabet is AEIOU, A is EEI and B is AOOIUEI, you will only be indexing P in the rows for E and I, so that's all you need in P:

This works and suffices, because in (7), P[c,j] is the entry in P for the character c, and c is the index of a(i). In other words: C[c] always belongs to A, so it makes perfect sense to build P for the characters of A instead of using the whole alphabet for the cases where the size of A is considerably smaller than the size of C.
All you have to do now is to apply the same principle to whatever your objects are.
I really don't know how to explain it any better. This may be a little dense at first. Make sure to re-read it until you really get it - and I mean every little detail. You have to master this before thinking about implementing it.
NOTE: You said you were looking for a credible and / or official source. I'm just another CS student, so I'm not an official source, but I think I can be considered "credible". I've studied this before and I know the subject. Happy coding!


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News & Insights » Civil Penalty Scheme Introduced
Civil Penalty Scheme Introduced
Posted by Default Admin on 12 November 2013 Category: Industry News, Regulation;
Gambling services providers who break the terms of their licences face fines of thousands of pounds under a new policy published by the Jersey Gambling Commission.
The Commission has published a civil penalty policy and decision making process to deal with breaches of the new gambling legislation or individual licence requirements. The Gambling (Jersey) Law 2012 allows fines of up to £5,000, or in cases where someone offering gambling services has profited from the breach, they can be fined up to twice the profit – even if that amount is over the £5,000 threshold.
The policy also sets out the powers of the Commission to issue directions requiring licensees to take action – contravening a direction is a criminal offence which will be dealt with by the Courts, and which carries a possible fine and a prison sentence of up to two years.
Civil penalties handed out under the law will be subject to appeal to the Royal Court. Jersey Gambling Commission Chief Executive Jason Lane said that they hoped never to have to use the new civil penalty powers.
"Our experience of dealing with the gambling industry in the Island is that they are professionals and that they don't try to push the rules," he said.
"But we need to have the tools in our arsenal to deal with breaches, and that is why we have published the policy which is now in effect.
"If we were to find serious breaches of the rules – for instance if someone had allowed a child to gamble, or refusing to help people to self-exclude – then we will investigate, and we have the powers to issue a fine.
"We do need these powers, but we would hope not to have to use them."
Any fines that were paid would go to the Treasury Consolidated Fund, and would not be held by the Commission, which is independent of the States, and which is funded by license fees and not by taxpayers.
In the past, the only option open to the Commission for dealing with licence breaches would have been to attach conditions to a license or to involve the police in a criminal investigation. The civil penalty scheme does not require a case to be proven 'beyond reasonable doubt' in the same way as a criminal trial, but instead allows fines to be levied when the Commission deems that it is 'more likely than not' that the rules were broken (i.e. cases need to be proven on the balance of probabilities).
View the full News Release PDF ›
The Jersey Gambling Commission was established in September 2010 and is funded by licence fees, not the taxpayer. Its remit covers the regulation of gambling in the Island and advising the Economic Development Minister, Economic Affairs Scrutiny Panel and the States on policy and legislation. It also operates a dedicated gambling therapy service for Jersey residents at www.gamblingtherapy.je. The Commission works to three guiding principles enshrined in law, namely that gambling services should be conducted responsibly and with safeguards necessary to protect children and vulnerable people; that they should be regulated in accordance with generally accepted international standards to prevent fraud and money laundering, and should not be permitted to be a source of crime; and that they should be verifiably fair to consumers of those services.
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Sometimes simplicity creates the most interesting and relaxing motion. In this piece I've started with two simple circles. I mounted and balanced them so that their center of balance is very near the rim. The mechanism pushes these offset wheels in opposite directions at varying rates of speed creating a changing pattern of motion and a "flash" as they overlay exactly.
Crescent makes a very quiet clicking sound as the small pawl on each wheel falls against a brass pin. The sound is part of the general ambiance the sculpture creates.


text:
(Tóquio, ) é um químico japonês.

Obteve seu doutorado em química pelo "Instituto Tecnológico de Tóquio" em 1966. Neste mesmo ano ocupou o cargo de professor associado no  "Instituto de Ciências dos Materiais" na Universidade de Tsukuba (Japão). Desde 1982 é professor numerário dessa instituição, atualmente com a cátedra de professor emérito.
As pesquisas  no campo dos polímeros, especialmente do acetileno, o levaram a descoberta, quando ocupava o cargo de pesquisador no laboratório de química do Instituto Tecnológico de Tóquio, das propriedades condutoras deste material ao ser contaminado com traços de outras substâncias.

As descobertas de Shirakawa interessaram o químico neozelandês Alan G MacDiarmid e o físico norte-americano Alan J Heeger, com os quais iniciou uma frutífera relação científica e investigativa que resultou na publicação conjunta do artigo "Síntese de polímeros orgânicos condutores derivados halogenados do poliacetileno (C2H2)n", no  prestigioso "Journal of Chemical Society" no verão de 1977.

Em reconhecimento a sua descoberta das propriedades eletrocondutoras de alguns derivados do poliacetileno recebeu o Nobel de Química de 2000, galardão que compartilhou com seus companheiros de pesquisa Alan Heeger e Alan MacDiarmid.

Ligações externas

Nobel de Química
Laureados do Japão com o Nobel
Químicos do Japão
Químicos do século XX
Pessoas do período Showa
Pessoas do período Heisei

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Hi, We need a Android Mobile app to record daily expense, to-do, daily site progress, invoice and vendor details. I have attached images which explain the features required for the App.
Hi I am looking for FB and IG expert to integrate with shopify store. I tried to integrate FB and Shopify store. The shopify store is client's one. I have FB account. But it seems some issues. I want someone to fix this issue or assist how I should do.
I want to create an Interactive Text Response (IVR) and Mobile App for use in the agricultural sector. Basically farmers can access professional advice from a data base.
I need a new website. I need you to design and build my online store with Bigcommerce.
I need a good idea for making a project for apps mobile and to make a deal with a good idea ! need a good person have a big knowledge about apps ! for ios - android !
I am looking for someone to develop an app for Andriod and Iphone. It will be a fitness app similar to already existing apps like 'myfitnesspal' and 'cronometer. I already have the app mapped out and designed, I just need it made into an app.
I need a designer to completely set up my Shopify store from scratch. A theme has already been bought, so I just need a designer to set up all the pages and make it look extremely professional and beautiful, and make sure it fits the look of our brand and products. Please send your past work and portfolio for me to look through.
I need make some signs for one massage store in Japan, need to be in Japanese Language and folow Japanese Style from this kind of business.
Hi, I am looking for a developer who can just develop a WebView application of a video downloader website ([kirjaudu nähdäksesi URL:n]) in IOS. And also have to upload to the App store using a new developer account. Note: For more details, we can discuss on chat.
Build me a drop shipping store choose 15 product that you can MARKET. the target countries: USA Europe I would prefer phone parts but it's totally up to you because I want you to choose something you are going to market it later.
We need to convert web app its like Uber Eats system to android and iphone app using react native. you should also have good experience as well in PHP. If you speak Arabic its advantage in this project.
Hello I am looking for an online webs...want to sell food and alchool from local stores Must have csv import / export Social media login Paypal Login sign up And a nice layout If you have built an online food store like what I need, then please say at the start of your statement " LOOK HERE I HAVE BUILT THIS." So that i know you are serious bid.
i am looking to build a construction management app,i have already got the user stories done and am ready to begin the design and development [kirjaudu nähdäksesi URL:n] app i have found to date is tradify to what i want to achieve with a few different needed things. please contact me if interested and can show user stories and go from there.
Few minor issues need to be fixed. Paying $12 for the right candidate.
we are built lots of mobile apps and now are going to publish to App store and Play store. need logo designers for these apps and looking for design expert who have rich experience.


As the sun set over the waters at Lytham St Anne's this wonderful image was captured through the lens of Doug Chinnery. A lovely reflection can be seen of the sky in the still waters. This piece of photo wall art is cropped as a panoramic canvas print and comes wrapped around a sturdy wooden frame, ready to hang.
That image is beautiful. I would love to have a copy of that picture to hang on my wall. I love the beach and the ocean scene.
Wow it's like having heaven in your living room, I want this so bad!
This picture is stunning. I have redecorated my bedroom, done away with the bed headboard and have hung this above the bed. It has transformed the room and is so beautiful to look at. Love it! The service from Fotoviva was excellent. Would definitely recommend.


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Q: Torrent monitoring of entire network by a user in the same network I am a user in a network. Can I monitor torrent activity in my network using some tool.I tried Wireshark. But I could only monitor my computer's network activities. Is there any other tool available for the above.Also please provide any other solutions ,if you have any one.

A: Without being the admin? Probably not.
There's a few fundamental issues here.
Modern networks use switches, and switches only send data to the port where they're needed. If you specifically knew where to watch, and sneakily replaced a switch with a hub, and both you and the user torrenting were plugged in or you had the functionality for mirrored ports on the switch, you could. Otherwise, its not possible to monitor with another user is doing.
Not to mention that torrents use a range of ports, can be encrypted to obfuscate their nature....
If your actual issue is someone abusing the network for torrenting, and your network is slow due to that, talk to your network admin.


Cute nephew seeks new aunt. Must love losing, spending and the park.
Last weekend my nephew flew into a fit of embittered rage after I beat him three games straight at table top hockey. Not once has he beaten me at anything, not even hide and seek because that's the kind of aunt I am. He's five. Maybe I should let him win once in a while but that's another topic.
The fit of rage ended as abruptly as it started when he yelled at me, "you don't love me! You never buy me anything!" (anything pronounced, 'Annnnnnnnie Thennnnnng' for effect). This from the kid who has a savings account the size of the Greek deficit. Some of the proceeds of which came from myself, trying to balance cash and toys to avoid spending too much money on well...crap... that he would play with once or twice, hoping that a little later the funds would be able to help him out with say, an education! I did something I've never done before and summoned his mother and told her what he said. She was unfazed, clearly she'd heard it all before but she saw that I was upset so he was directed to his room. My sister assured me, whilst dragging him down the hallway, that he was just tired. Tired?! He protested, passionately the whole way like he was an innocent victim en route to death row.
The comment still brings tears to my eyes as I write this, I was devastated. My initial thoughts were that I'd betrayed the poor kid by getting him sent to his room but most importantly; I needed to buy him more crap and fast. I took stock of what I'd bought him lately. He was right, I didn't love him! I never bought him annnnnnnnie thennnnnng! Of course there were gifts on Birthday's and Holiday's etc but those clearly didn't count. Yeah sure I'd recently bought him two packs of mighty beans but what are two packs of mighty beans when the kid next door has hundreds of them!
He's a blessing of a nephew, smart, inquisitive, fantastically funny and a talented hockey goalie but I can't forgive him right now for his comment and when I do I know I'll never forget what he said. I'm sure he's long forgotten the incident, as he should; the poor child was tired and made a fleeting comment that wasn't intended to send his aunt to a therapist or to blog about him behind his back. This is my problem not his. I don't want to reward him for his comment but at the same time I don't want him to think of me as a person with a mean spirited wallet. A person who claims to love him but never buys him anything.
I've decided that if he writes me a story, complete with illustrations, I'll buy him new books. I've asked for the story but haven't told him about the new books. He's excited about the task. He's never been the type of kid who asks for things but it's been my first real insight into the challenges of being a parent. I don't envy trying to balance saying yes and no to endless demands for toys and the latest Ben 10 shirts. The Jones' exist on the playground but they're meaner, more vocal about who has what and understand quantity and volume seemingly innately. How do you achieve the middle ground of not having them feeling excluded on the playground without turning them into little brats? And how do families with fixed incomes handle these demands? Do parents who can afford to indulge their children give into constant demands for an easy life? Sure, you can tell them that it's who they are and not what they have that counts, you can tell them this because it's true. In the world of a child though, it's tough not to have what your friends have.


As true reconciliation must be based on frankness and honesty, a film about a crime has to be honest, says the director of "Wołyń", Wojciech Smarzowski, interviewed by Andrzej Brzozowski.
– What is "Wołyń" about? About people, historic events, ideology that destroys the value system, or maybe something else?
– How to show the Volhynia Massacre to avoid being accusing of relativisation and to present the arguments and the sensitivity of the other side?
– I did what I could do, but, all in all, I told the story from my, i.e. Polish, perspective.
– A film is primarily a story – what was collecting materials like, did the film makers meet witnesses to the atrocities? Did you use any particular story?
– The script was created by confronting written accounts, literature, historical publications, but also interviews with witnesses and historians. For me, the most important books are: "Nienawiść" [Hatred] by Stanisław Srokowski, "Od rzezi wołyńskiej do akcji Wisła" [From the Volhynia Massacre to Operation Vistula] by Grzegorz Motyka, and "Ludobójstwo" [Genocide] by Ewa and Władysław Siemaszko. Though Zosia Głowacka didn't exist, most of the events have been "borrowed" from life.
– For many viewers in Poland, the scene of the Polish revenge on innocent Ukrainians, even a mixed Polish-Ukrainian family, may be surprising. Has it been based on a specific account?
– Among Poles, there are various opinions on this history, which is still being discovered. Some historians believe that there is no evidence that instruments of crime were blessed in Eastern Rite churches, they does not deny the cruelty of the retaliatory operations, while the others have contrary opinions: they refer to accounts and a report from the Lutsk Diocese concerning the blessings, and deny that the retaliation was identical in nature to the Banderite operations. As far as this particular scene is concerned, we should remember the moment of the story I placed it in, and the condition of the main female protagonist. The world is on the edge of madness and is drifting towards the ultimate catastrophe.
– How do those who have survived the Volhynia Massacre and their families, whose trauma has not died out, react to the film?
– These reactions are very emotional. They always thank me for the fact that this film has been made, and, due to the fact that cinematography is a mass art, for providing a large portion of Poles with the opportunity to hear of the fates of Poles in the Borderlands during World War II. They thank me for the film that will make it possible to restore the memory of the victims and their place in history.
– Though the film does not show the world in black and white – there are bad and good Ukrainians, merciful Soviets, bad and good Germans, good and cruel Poles – Ukrainians can be considered a collective antagonist, primarily the OUN and UPA members, but also ordinary people who let others drag them into the massacre. What are reactions of the Ukrainians who have seen the film like?
– After one of the showings, an elderly Ukrainian man approached me and started to weep. He said that the film is about him, that he lived only because his father had killed his mother. His father was Ukrainian, and his mother – a Pole. His father killed her and saved the Children. The Ukrainian man went out of the cinema and I was left in a shock. These were reactions I expected. And the confirmation that it is not a film against Ukrainians but against extreme nationalism. The film is a warning – it shows what a human being is capable of doing when equipped with a relevant ideology, political or religious doctrine and is allowed to kill.
– What was work with Ukrainian actors like? Did they have any comments on the script? How are they seen in their country?
– None of the Ukrainian actors had any comments on the script. Those who had did not come to the casting. The cooperation on location was excellent. The actors were self-discipline, talented, and professional. I know that when the film had its première in Poland, emotions were the strongest, and, to use the language of the young, some of the actors are targeted by haters. I believe, that when the emotions cool down, everything will be as usual.
– What to do to avoid deepening the rift between Poles and Ukrainians when making a film on such atrocities?
– And what does this rift that can become deeper result? From the fact that the phrases "we are sorry and we ask for forgiveness" and the often repeated word "reconciliation" sound empty for the Polish survivors and their families. They are not backed by any repentance, and instead of any specific actions, the Ukrainian side offers many general propaganda slogans such as "the tragedy of Volhynia", or "Polish-Ukrainian conflict". What is also harmful is the fact that the Ukrainian built their political and national identity on the basis of an organisation that tended towards fascism; the organisation responsible for murdering thousands of Poles in the 1940s. This film, however, has not been made to exasperate anyone, but to commemorate the events. Reconciliation does not mean forgetting anything. And as true reconciliation must be based on frankness and honesty, a film about atrocities must be honest. I believe that I have made "Wołyń" honest.


Being a person who loves to travel, I have traveled to a lot of places since all these years, sometimes with family, friends and even alone. Traveling alone can give you some of your life's best memories. And believe me traveling with someone makes it a lot easier than traveling solo. In this world, there are not many places that are safe for women. For women traveling alone, safety remains the number one priority. It sounds interesting to go alone to a place and explore it but it is very complicated in real life. Doesn't matter if you are going to another state within your country or outside your country, a GIRL SHOULD KEEP IN MIND WHILE TRAVELLING SOLO.
When it comes to going to an entirely a new place, no matter how strong you are, how much karate classes you have gone to, for how many years you have been living on your own if your planning and preparation is not good nothing is gonna turn fine. Being a solo female traveler isn't always easy but it's certainly fun.
They say one should travel solo at least once in their life, but when it comes to girls traveling solo people are bound to raise eyebrows.
Living in today's world, it's not that difficult to know about anything. Before deciding where you want to go first Google it up! See if the place is safe for girls or not. Make sure the weather is good when you are planning to go there. Basically, do a elaborate research on that particular place. If you think that you will do these things after reaching there, then let me tell you my dear ladies…it's not gonna help if you plan to travel alone.
If you are planning to travel abroad all on your own. The first thing you need to get right is your passport and visa. Make sure you have all your documents submitted at the time for applying for your visa. Take help from the countries embassy to know the rules and law of that country. Photocopy those important documents and keep them with you where ever you go.
If one is thinking that they will get a hotel or a hostel after reaching there, then my friend you are extremely mistaken. Always book your hotels prior to reaching there in order to reduce any problem you might face there. In the case of traveling abroad, try to book hostels or Airbnb's as it is much cheaper than hotels in most countries. Make sure to book a hotel which is near the market and airport or railway stations.
Packing your stuff is the most important thing when you are planning to travel solo. One should not pack to less or too much that it becomes hard to carry. Pack your stuff by keeping in mind the number of days you are going to stay there.
Don't travel like a tourist, in fact, explore a new place like a local person would. Try walking down the streets, try the local cuisine. Make yourself feel at home, don't let everybody know that you are a tourist, this may lead to a lot of people cheating you. Be conscious of your surroundings. There is no need to ever advertise that you are traveling alone.
When traveling alone it is best to not flash too much flesh or too much wealth. You must not make yourself stand out as an attractive target. This is especially important in cultures like India but is a good tip where ever you travel as a solo woman. Respect local culture and avoid unwanted attention by covering up and copy the local women- they know best so follow their lead on what to wear and where to go.
Just as our parents set a specified time for entering a home at night and then we can not go outside. While away from your home follow the same rule whether you are traveling alone or with your family. Try to return to your hotel room before the sunset or before every shop is closed in that area or country GIRL SHOULD KEEP IN MIND WHILE TRAVELLING SOLO.
Relax! It's not as scary as it seems. Traveling alone is a challenge and can be dangerous, but traveling alone is also an opportunity to open your eyes, mind, and heart to new places; cultures, and most importantly yourself. So embrace the opportunity to grow both in the world and inside yourself, and don't let anyone keep you away from the journey of a lifetime just GIRL SHOULD KEEP IN MIND WHILE TRAVELLING SOLO about the above tips.
Just remember, you got this, girl!
Previous articleForget the boons, here are the banes of living in the Indian capital!


This educational video explains how to dissect a yeast tetrad - Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Budding Yeast) - on the Automated MSM 400 Dissection Scope.
Tetrad spores are separated using a Micro-Zapper.
The same protocol can be applied to Schizosaccharomyces pombe dissection.
Not working??? Use this link.


Are Manchester United the real losers as the freeze thaws?
7-1 against Blackburn, and who knows what it might have been against Blackpool? However, United didn't get the chance to stay at the top of the Premier League and even extend their lead over a few of their title rivals, as Blackpool's failure to provide under-soil heating at their ground brought about the fixture's postponement.
Arsenal took full advantage of that fact and replaced United at the top of the Premier League following a dramatic win over Fulham. Now, with United preparing to play both Arsenal and Chelsea in quick succession, it may be the case that the initiative in the title race has slipped firmly away from Old Trafford. Anyone who has placed a football bet on United to win the title will be unhappy with the way things have gone.
Even worse for United is the fact that Dimitar Berbatov has not been given the opportunity to continue his fine run of form, as well as the fact that Wayne Rooney has missed out on the chance to get back in amongst the goals before United enter such a crucial run of games.
Perhaps the worst aspect of having to play catch up, though, is that United may now end up facing Blackpool when the clubs could be in very different form and during a busy part of the season. They may even have several first team players injured or otherwise missing from the side through suspension. If this is the case, then this weekend just gone could well be remembered as one of the most pivotal in the entire Premier League 2010/2011 title race and the football betting reflects this.
Despite all this, United fans are unlikely to be too worried just now. After all, they know that their manager has been there and done it all before and, as a result of this, they know that he is going to be doing absolutely everything he can to keep his squad composed, calm and above all else focused solely upon winning every game they play.


Before joining New Acland, Andrew worked at his family's mechanical and engineering business in Chinchilla and had been hoping to break into the mining industry when he landed a casual maintenance role at the mine in 2004.
Andrew has since worked his way into a supervisory role and is now, with the help of his team, responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of New Acland's Coal Handling and Prep Plant (CHPP).
The CHPP is a facility that crushes and washes New Acland's coal using recycled water from the Wetalla Pipeline.


There is a shop outside consulate that can keep your things for 20 rupees. OFC Building and Consulate are close to each other.
VO: So which course are you going to study?
VO: What did you study in Under graduation?
ME: Mechanical engineering from NIT Patna.
ME: MIT reject, Boston university, North Carolina, Illinois Chicago accept apart from Columbia.
VO: How are you going to fund?
ME: Mostly loan and personal. 80k$ loan and.. (She stopped).
VO: Any collateral on loan?
VO: What did you do after Under graduation?
ME: Assistant Manager at Tata Motors.
College name helps a lot but how you talk that matters the most. Visa interview is very less about documents (apart from the required ones). I didn't carry any property documents / CA valuation etc. I believe one shouldn't worry much about documents. There are very good videos on youtube posted by mumbai / delhi embassy. I would recommend watching videos only posted by embassy other sources are very misguiding.


Technology has changed every aspect of our lives, how we live, how we play, and especially how we work. As careers have evolved, we also have to change the way train and coach people to ensure successful and sustainable business.
Technology impacts much of our lives from the moment we open our eyes, till we lay or heads down to rest at night. Much of the modern person's working day has technology as the main feature and this of course also extends to the jobs we do and how we train for them.
One of the innovative ways technology has impacted on careers relates to the very foundation it is based on, training. Marc Vlietstra, senior specialist at the Training Room Online (an interactive, digital platform that trains students in a variety of sectors), and Jil Hrdliczka, MD of Knowledge Network (an intellectual property company servicing private, public and special needs schools, educators and learners), share their experiences about how technology impacts on careers and training in today's day and age, with Achiever magazine.
When looking at new kinds of careers based on advances in technology, Vlietstra, who is originally from Holland and moved to South Africa four years ago after working in Holland in education, says the IT industry is an example of a whole new field that has had a tremendous boom. Generally in business even, he says, it has impacted every kind of job, affecting everyone from educated workers to entry level employees.
"Looking at the educated workforce, and even your so-called blue-collar workforce, they all have to interact with computers a lot more than they used to. Everything now happens on the computer; writing, admin work, time registration, etc. If you look at industry, e-learning itself is also growing tremendously. Corporates are now discovering the benefits of e-learning, which is doing a lot in terms of how training is conducted in business. This is important for the education system. On the one hand it creates a certain amount of new jobs, but it also has implications for the general public. Everybody is working on computers now and that is the biggest shift from 20 years ago," says Vlietstra, who studied educational science and businesses science in Holland and started at the Training Room Online developing learning material.
Vlietstra says today, both schools as well as colleges and universities are engaging a lot more with technology. A common challenge often faced by training institutions, especially schools, is according to him, not so much related to competency, but rather to a lack of proper infrastructure. "The interesting things is that a certain portion, quite a big portion, of schools really struggle with the implementation of e-learning because they do not actually have the technology in place to deal with e-learning on a confident level.
"You cannot present a nice interactive module if you do not have the computers and the network in place, or if you do not have the landline or the wireless connections. So that is something that we are seeing. Another interesting observation is the difference in skills levels in technology between lecturers and students, with student being a lot more tech savvy. A lack of proper skills on the lecturers or teachers' side can also be a barrier in some instances," he says.
Vlietstra says that when it comes to creating a learning environment that truly facilitates digital learning solutions properly, they have a philosophy which focuses on innovation in e-learning. To this end, he stresses the importance of an interactive, bidirectional learning process that involved both the students entering data into learning systems so as to guide them according their input, and active learning that moves away from what he calls "chalk and talk" style schooling – a brief commentary on how teaching as a career itself is changed by technology.
"Even in IT there is still a lot of what we call chalk and talk, which is quite a traditional way of teaching. It clashes when you have this fantastic, almost new-age, resource that has to fit into a traditional teaching style and traditional school environment, that is something that we see a lot in the market, but you have to work with that and develop a solution around that," he says.
Vlietstra says as far as career trends in South Africa goes, the business process outsourcing (BPO) industry is rapidly expanding, especially in Cape Town, and the finance sector has undergone massive growth. The use of IT to automate processes has made a lot of modernisation possible.
He further explains that in South Africa we also find a distinct difference in the way public and private schools are preparing young people for the careers of the future. At a recent state of education seminar Vlietstra attended, findings corroborated this statement.
"It is in essence like there are two education systems in South Africa so to speak. There is a big (80%) which are the poor schools that are sub-par on an international level, and then there are 15 to 20% of students in South Africa - I think it is actually less – that are like an elite. Those are the private schools which have excellent infrastructure, and obviously tuition fees are very different from government schools," he says.
On a government level, Vlietstra says they have done projects for the National Department of Basic Education and he praises their efforts to get resources on a national level to lecturers. "I know that there is also a lot of attention around creating public Wi-Fi areas, and that is great. I think one of the challenges we find in South Africa however, is that there is a lot of partnering with regard to small initiatives and I think the challenge is to get everyone on the same page. But we realise there are a lot of factors that implicate on that. On the one hand you can say let us install Wi-Fi, but that does not particularly solve the problem, it might solve a part of the problem. I therefore think the focus should be on the holistic sustainable solution; that is what we need to aim for in South Africa," Vlietstra concludes.
Hrdliczka, who started the Damelin Computer School and serve as its principal when she was in her twenties, says all careers have changed. "All careers require the use of technology at some point – whether it is a digital signature on a handheld device, electronic receipt of funds for work done onsite or digital communication. Many job interviews are being conducted via Skype or similar online products. Workers arriving from other parts of Africa and from overseas know they can find jobs via the Internet. Careers in the design of the latest devices and programming for the various devices are clearly some of the newer careers."
She says technology has penetrated the schooling environment in the sense that in almost every classroom one would find some form of technology, be it a smart phone, phablet, tablet, computer, TV linked to educational channels, a Windows-based system, Android or Apple Mac, an interactive whiteboard, data projector or in some schools, a satellite link for conferencing to view and participate in lessons and educational events being run at schools, universities or organisations around the world.
"Technology is not being introduced at the same time by all schools or being used in the same way. Schools that have a clearly communicated vision, understanding of the role of technology in the school and educators willing to learn new learning methodologies generally achieve the best results with the technology they have at any given point. Knowledge, experience and skill gained over time by both the educators and learners enable the school to move forward in the use of technology. Schools that follow a planned introduction of technology programme combined with ongoing educator and learner upskilling are generally more equipped to embrace technological innovations in teaching and learning. Technology roll-outs in these schools are generally successful, the highest possible level of effectiveness achieved and the investment in the technology maximised.
"In some schools smart phones are being used innovatively in classrooms – learners "google it" during the lesson, access information on-the-go during tours and field trips, look up words, play word games during language classes, use note taking apps, take photos for school projects, use the maps apps to find places, schedule sporting events and set reminders for class assignments and tests, take movies, use Skype, use weather apps and planet finders, use Google Earth, Dropboxes, emails and texts, read articles, complete crossword puzzles and math games, and of course, use productivity tools," she says.
Learners can also learn that they need to keep a good, positive online image for now and later in life as potential employers find information on candidates on social networking sites. Skills, experience, knowledge, relevant qualifications, talent, a good work ethic, integrity, stability, good digital and in-person communication skills, as well as a positive online image are now "must-haves" for most employers.
"In some schools Windows-based computers, Linux-based devices, iPads, Apple Macs, Android tablets and interactive boards are being used together with other communication technologies available via the Internet to form part of the mix of teaching and learning tools. This combined with outdoor learning provides balance in teaching and learning.
For schools to prepare learners for education and occupation after school – all of the above needs to be covered, including the use of the productivity tools for school work, varsity work and for the workplace. Learners also need to be e-learning ready so they can develop themselves further. Some of the schools are equipping learners with a high level of skill in the most popular office productivity tools while at the same time ensuring that the learners are also exposed to newer technologies – thus providing learners with a competitive edge in the marketplace.


text:
Indie Music Album Reviews
Monday Ain't Happening - Critical
Monday Ain't Happening
self-released; 2015
By Ted Rogen
How old is too old to play pop-punk? Some genres like blues or jazz have no limit when it comes to age but a number things like lyrical topics and the cliché nasally vocalist about pop-punk screams "I'm young." I'd say if you are anywhere north of twenty-five that you are pushing the threshold of feeling like a goddamned fool if you are playing the pop-punk genre. In the case of Monday Ain't Happening they seem to be in the goldilocks zone when it comes to their age. After looking at pictures of the band on their Facebook page they most likely are still in high school and the music they play on their EP Critical is appropriate.
The three-piece band comprised of Marcus Swadling, Ash Rouse and Josh Matheson write straightforward pop-punk songs that are far from reinventing the wheel but still have the qualities and tropes fans of the genre tend to love. You can hear shades of bands as far back as Greenday and the evolution of pop-punk over the last twenty years in these songs.
The band opens with "Critical" which is a fast paced song that is catchy and contains lyrics about young love. He sings, "Here I am being critical, When you're over there being an emotional, Wreck again, just like before, It's all the same, the same old game."
The band takes advantage of clean guitars on "The Distance In-between" which ends up sounding like a '90s alternative song while "That Kind of Night" is a fast-paced thriller that is over almost as quickly as it starts. "Who Am I" delves into the typical existential angst that teenagers experience. He sings, "So who am to anybody when no one knows my name? Just an invisible puppet on your strings? While you throw your punches and I do nothing? And who are you to tell me that these things will never change? Put me down all you want, but I'll tell you one thing, I'll rise above it and be something." The band closes out with "Green Street" and "Crisis" which both have a similar feel to songs that came before it.
At this point Monday Ain't Happening has a lot of competition. Pop-punk is so oversaturated with similar sounding bands that getting noticed is improbable. Monday Ain't Happening has some talent but will want to dig deeper to figure out what separates them from other pop-punk bands.
Critique/insight
We are dedicated to informing the public about the different types of independent music that is available for your listening pleasure as well as giving the artist a professional critique from a seasoned music geek. We critique a wide variety of niche genres like experimental, IDM, electronic, ambient, shoegaze and much more.
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I wanted to be able to insert some text in my SfRichTextBox using the Selection.Insert() method.
If I insert a simple plan text, it works well.
But I am looking to insert text that contains some Environment.NewLine. If I do that, a text with the line break is inserted, but on only one line in the SfRichTextBox. The behavior is very strange.
Is there a way to insert text with line break ?
And I join my sample project.
Currently, our SfRichTextBoxAdv control does not support the line break characters. We have planned to implement this line break support in SfRichTextBoxAdv in our Essential Studio Volume 1, 2016 Service Pack 2 release which is expected to be available by end of May. The date for the feature implementation is tentative and not a commitment on our parts. We request you to check our website periodically for feature related updates.


The Real Cookies and Cream! Yes, I know, a little arrogant; but, I have mixed several cookies and cream by various mixers, and while they have been great, most lack that Oreo taste and texture that I associate with a cookies and cream. So with that said, this is my take on a real cookies and cream. It's not perfect, but it's pretty damn close.
As any mixer can attest to, chocolate is hard to get right. Especially when you're going for an Oreo tastes and texture. Oreo's have a distinct chocolate taste unlike a chocolate bar. It's more of a dry, dark, gritty taste with a luscious cream smashed between. I went through 7 versions to try to get the Oreo right. My first choice of cookie was FA Cookie, and that was exactly the right cookie to start with. The chocolate was a different matter. I started with TPA Double Chocolate(clear) at 2%. And while the chocolate was there, it was too "in-your-face" and slightly bitter so I brought it down to 1%. That seemed pretty close. I also tried combining INW Milk Chocolate, and while it's a good chocolate to work with, it tended to make the recipe into more of a chocolate shake, and that was not what I was going for. I ended up settling on TPA Double Chocolate (clear) at .75% and it seems spot on, especially when combined with FA Cookie at 2%.
Now the cream. This was probably the easiest of the layers. TPA Bavarian Cream is one of the best flavors in any mixers arsenal. It's creamy, rich, and has a depth that some creams fall short on. When paired with CAP Sweet Cream at .5%, it lends itself well to that sweet and creamy center of an Oreo. Last, but not least, the TPA Vanilla Bean Ice Cream. My original version didn't have this flavor and while it was a good cookies and cream, it was more like a double cream Oreo cookie. It seemed to need a little extra push into a Real Cookies and Cream and TPA Vanilla Bean Ice Cream at 1% did the trick. I added CAP Super Sweet at .25% to sweeten things up a bit, and voilà, The Real Cookies and Cream!