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Manitowoc year in review: A look back at 2018's top news stories
Top stories included opening of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center, the installation of the Spirit of the Rivers statue and a lighthouse face-lift.
Manitowoc year in review: A look back at 2018's top news stories Top stories included opening of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center, the installation of the Spirit of the Rivers statue and a lighthouse face-lift. Check out this story on htrnews.com: https://www.htrnews.com/story/news/2018/12/28/manitowoc-2018-review-spirit-rivers-farm-wisconsin-discovery-center-lighthouse-double-homicide-crime/2387447002/
Alisa M. Schafer, Manitowoc Herald Times Reporter Published 6:48 a.m. CT Dec. 28, 2018
Spirit of the Rivers installation
Steve Parks, owner of Parks Foundry in Joseph, Ore., helps unload a piece of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture as artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen watches Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
The Spirit of the Rivers sculpture arrives to the shore of Lake Michigan for its installation Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen, left, and sculpture installation expert Steve Parks hold steady the first piece of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture before its installation Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A crew led by the artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen, right, and foundry owner Steve Parks, left, sets the first piece of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture on the granite base next to Lake Michigan Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Hamann Construction crane operator Rob Boeckman, right, discusses options for installing the second piece of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture with artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen watches as Hamann Construction lowers the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture onto its base for installation Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen checks the mounting bolts on his sculpture Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
The Spirit of the Rivers sculpture arrives to the shore of Lake Michigan for its installation Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Hamann Construction crane operator Rob Boeckman raises the second piece of the sculpture Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Foundry owner Steve Parks, of Joseph, Ore., removes the base from a piece of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture as crane operator Rob Boeckman and artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen hold it steady during the installation Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Foundry owner Steve Parks supervises the lifting of the largest piece of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture during installation Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Crews work on installing the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen, left, points his brother Bob Wallen to part of the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Chris Behrendt came down from Brussels to his old stomping grounds near Two Rivers to watch the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture installation on the shore of Lake Michigan Monday, August 13, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
The sun rises over the Spirit of the Rivers sculpture after it's installed on the Lake Michigan shoreline Aug. 13, 2018, in Two Rivers. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Steven Avery is escorted into the courtroom on March 2, 2007 at the Calumet County Courthouse in Chilton.(Photo: File/Gannett Wisconsin Media)Buy Photo
MANITOWOC - As we greet the coming of the new year, we would like to step back and remember some of the most notable moments for Manitowoc County. From the opening of the new Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center to the renovation of our own lighthouse, the year 2018 was one filled with remarkable stories.
Here are the top 10 news stories from 2018:
1. Second season of 'Making a Murder' on Netflix draws eyes back to Manitowoc
With another round of "Making a Murderer," a Netflix series focused on Steven Avery and the 2005 murder of Teresa Halbach, came another round of community members sick and tired of hearing Avery's name. The second season of the series was released Oct. 19 and follows Avery's attorneys as they take steps through the federal and state appeals process.
Andrew Colborn, a retired lieutenant from the Manitowoc County Sheriff's Office, is taking his complaints with Netflix to court, saying he's been subject to worldwide ridicule, contempt and disdain since the release of the series in 2015. Michael Griesbach is representing Colborn in the lawsuit, according to the recent article "'Making a Murderer': Retired Manitowoc sheriff's Lt. Andrew Colborn sues Netflix, filmmakers.'"
2. Lincoln High students join National Walkout Day
About 75 Manitowoc Lincoln High School students and a few teachers and community members participated Wednesday morning in 17 minutes of solidarity against gun violence with other students across the nation as part of National Walkout Day. Wochit
After the tragic shooting Feb.14 at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, triggered debate on gun law reforms, high school students nationwide, including those from Manitowoc's Lincoln High School, walked out of classes March 14.
About 75 students from Lincoln High School participated in the national walkout, along with a few teachers and community members. The demonstration aimed to serve as a memorial to the 17 who lost their lives in the Parkland shooting.
At the same time, a handful of community members gathered in front of the Manitowoc County Courthouse in solidarity with the students and to protest gun violence.
From left Cierra Brockman, Montana Chevalier and Cassidy Olson of Manitowoc Lincoln High School stand with arms locked during a school walkout Wednesday, Mar. 14, 2018, at Manitowoc Lincoln High School in Manitowoc, Wis. The walkout was part of a national effort to honor those who died in the shootings at Marjorie Stoneman Douglas High School in Parkland, Florida, a month ago. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin (Photo: Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)
3. Gov. Walker rescinds marine sanctuary nomination, reactions mixed
Despite widespread community support for the proposed National Marine Sanctuary in Lake Michigan, Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker rescinded the nomination and halted all efforts for the sanctuary designation in a letter dated Feb. 27.
NOAA's preferred alternative for a Wisconsin-Lake Michigan National Marine Sanctuary encompasses 1,075 square miles, 37 shipwrecks and 80 potential shipwrecks. (Photo: Courtesy of The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration)
The proposal for the marine sanctuary, along the shore from Kewaunee County to Ozaukee County and including dozens of known shipwrecks, began with Walker's nomination in 2014 and steadily gained traction.
While the proposal had support from several local mayors and elected officials, opponents to the sanctuary feared the designation would open the doors to increased federal oversight on state lands.
In Walker's letter, sent to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's acting administrator, Walker said he was pulling the nomination over concerns by citizens and elected officials about the proposal.
Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication
The Menominee Boys and Girls drumming circle perform during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
The monument during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
The public checks out a real birch bark canoe during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Janis King of Manitowoc takes a closer look at the birch bark canoe on display during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Earl Meshigaud, cultural director for Hannahville Potawatomi and great-great grandson of Chief Mishicot, opens the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Joseph Metzen, co-chair of the board of directors, speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Carol Wergin, co-chair of the board of directors, speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
R.T. Wallen's brother, Robert Wallen, is acknowledged for his contribution during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
R.T. Wallen's sister, Catherine Wallen, is acknowledged for her contribution during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Artist R.T. "Skip" Wallen speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
People brave the heat and sun during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc public school teacher David Bourgeois sings his original song "Spirit of the River" during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc public school children sing "Spirit of the River," a song written by their music teacher David Bourgeois, during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Christina Danforth, president of the Native American Finance Officers Association, speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Ken Meshigaud, great-great-grandson of Chief Mishicot, speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc mayor Justin Nickels speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Two Rivers city manager Greg Buckley speaks during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Pete Honzik sings and original song he wrote during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A man plays a flute for a performance of Pete Honzik's original song during the Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication Sunday, Sept. 16, 2018, in Two Rivers, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
4. Spirit of the Rivers monument dedication draws hundreds
The Spirit of the Rivers monument, a bronze statue depicting two Native Americans arriving with a canoe and a third greeting them, was installed in a lakeside park at the border of Two Rivers and Manitowoc along the Mariners Trail over the summer and dedicated with a ceremony Sept. 16.
A local artist's vision for a large scale monument brings together a community. Manitowoc Herald Times Reporter
The monument was created by R.T. "Skip" Wallen, an internationally known sculptor from Alaska who grew up in the Manitowoc area. Hundreds of people turned out on the warm September afternoon to dedicate the sculpture and honor the Native American cultures of the Great Lakes region.
Spring blizzard pummels Manitowoc
Brightly colored faux flowers sit in a pot as people shovel their walkways on Manitou Street after a winter storm swept through much of Wisconsin Sunday, Apr. 15, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A little girl builds a snow man on Lakeshore Blvd. with a foggy Lake Michigan behind her during a winter storm Sunday, Apr. 15, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A woman snow-blows a sidewalk Sunday, Apr. 15, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Todd Gaudette clears his driveway with a snowblower during a winter storm Sunday, Apr. 15, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A boy helps shovel on 10th Street Sunday, Apr. 15, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Waves crash against a breakwall along the Lake Michigan shoreline during a winter storm Saturday, Apr. 14, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A large tree lies on the side of Lakeshore Blvd. after being knocked down by high winds from a winter storm Saturday, Apr. 14, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A bird hops around fresh snow in Lower Cato Falls Park during a winter snow storm Saturday, Apr. 14, 2018, in Reedsville, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A robin rests on a branch in Lower Cato Falls Park during a winter snow storm Saturday, Apr. 14, 2018, in Reedsville, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
5. April snowstorm damages Manitowoc dock for S.S. Badger
The sudden spring storm known as Blizzard Evelyn that hit eastern Wisconsin communities, including Manitowoc and Two Rivers, April 13-15 dumped snow and freezing rain when many were preparing for warmer spring weather.
The S.S. Badger makes its first voyage of the season across Lake Michigan Friday, May. 19, 2017, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin (Photo: Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)
That fateful storm caused its share of havoc, damaging the S.S. Badger dock in Manitowoc and sweeping away part of Neshotah Beach in Two Rivers. Wisconsin Gov. Scott Walker granted Manitowoc an $800,000 emergency Harbor Assistance Program grant for repairs shortly after the storm to keep the carferry on schedule.
Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center preview
Members of the Salm family, of Newton, interact with a food exhibit during a preview event of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center board of directors cut the ribbon with special guest Governor Scott Walker, center, in front of the main entrance during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
Governor Scott Walker reacts after ribbon cutting in front of the main entrance during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
File - A wood sculpture greets visitors in the atrium during a preview event of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A wood sculpture greets visitors in the atrium during a preview event of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
People look at an exhibit that explains a dairy cow's digestive system during a preview event of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
People check out an interactive agricultural exhibit during a preview event of the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
Leah Salm, 8, of Newton, interacts with an exhibit at the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
An exhibit at the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
A dairy exhibit at the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
People tour the birthing barn where visitors will be able to watch calves being born at the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
People interact with a cheese exhibit at the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center during a preview event Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
Jane Lepich, of Manitowoc, interacts with a display during a preview event at the Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
The Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center Monday, July 16, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
6. Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center opens
The Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center, an educational establishment on agriculture, opened its doors July 28. It's the first of its kind in Wisconsin and aims to show people the various aspects of agriculture through exhibits, a birthing barn and tours of the nearby Grotegut Dairy Farm. The $13 million price tag to build the center was funded by a $5 million grant, and the rest was provided by private donors.
The state-of-the-art Farm Wisconsin Discovery Center is set to open in 2018 on 36 acres in Manitowoc County along Interstate 43 near Newton. USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
7. Manitowoc teens shine light on mental health during Kids In Crisis town hall
Manitowoc teens Caitlyn Shields and Kim Southwell have both struggled with mental illness from a young age and chose to speak about their struggles during the Kids In Crisis Town Hall at the Manitowoc Public Library Feb. 28.
USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin explores the causes for teen suicide, and how to assist all youth coping with anxiety, depression and other mental health challenges in a town hall meeting at the Manitowoc Public Library. USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
The USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin's series about mental health in children and teenagers has put a spotlight on the shortcomings of help available throughout the state since 2016.
8. Manitowoc schools plan realignment
In May, Manitowoc Schools Superintendent Mark Holzman announced a plan to realign the schools and move all ninth-graders to Lincoln High, sixth-graders to Washington and Wilson junior highs, and kindergartners to neighborhood schools.
Holzman said the realignment plan is a result of declining enrollment — he said the school district sees approximately 30 fewer students each year and, if that trend continues, there will be 300 fewer students attending public school in Manitowoc by 2025.
Lighthouse gets a fresh look
People walk out to see the newly renovated lighthouse Monday, June 25, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
Solar panels power the newly renovated lighthouse Thursday, June 21, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
The main floor of the newly renovated lighthouse Thursday, June 21, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
The view from the top of the newly renovated lighthouse Thursday, June 21, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
The sun sets on the lighthouse Monday, June 25, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
9. Manitowoc lighthouse restored for 100th birthday
The Manitowoc lighthouse, a major landmark for the city and the county, received a face-lift after several decades of abandonment. Phil Carlucci, a New York businessman, decided to renovate the iconic lighthouse after visiting it over the summer.
Carlucci bought the lighthouse from the U.S. Coast Guard in 2011 for $30,000. Over the summer of 2018, he invested approximately $300,000 in renovating the structure, inside and out. The lighthouse was open for tours in time for Subfest in July.
Manitowoc police on scene of possible crime
A possible crime scene on 10th Street at the Maritime Drive intersection April 20 in Manitowoc. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A Manitowoc police vehicle blocks off 11th Street between Franklin and Washington streets in downtown Manitowoc April 20. Patti Zarling/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A Manitowoc County Sheriff's Office car on Washington Street in downtown Manitowoc April 20 near the scene of a potential crime. Patti Zarling/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc police on scene of a possible crime in the area of Franklin Street and South 11th Street April 20. Patti Zarling/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc police on the scene of a possible crime in downtown Manitowoc April 20. South 11th Street was blocked off between Washington and Franklin streets, as was Franklin Street between South 10th Street and South 11th Street. Patti Zarling/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc police vehicle on the scene of a potential crime April 20. Patti Zarling/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Police block off a portion of Franklin Street April 20 in downtown Manitowoc. Patti Zarling/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
10. Crimes that shook the community
Manitowoc County has had its share of misfortune this year with several suspicious deaths and other crimes. Here are the most notable crimes that took place in 2018.
James A. Nettles (Photo: Courtesy of Manitowoc County Sheriff's Office)
A Manitowoc couple are being charged with animal abuse after police took one deceased dog and one alive, but malnourished, dog from their residence.The dog that was found alive is currently being taken care of at the Lakeshore Humane Society and will be put up for adoption when her health improves.
Richard Miller, 51, and his daughter Jocelyn Miller, 19, were the victims of a double homicide on Dale Street on Sept. 9. Both died of gunshot wounds. No one has been arrested or charged with the crime, but the Manitowoc Police Department continues to investigate.
Jamie Schrank, 38, and Eduardo Gamez, 46, were charged with child neglect resulting in a death in connection to the death of a 3-year-old child in July. The couple were babysitting the toddler who died July 28 after being admitted to a Manitowoc hospital for external and internal injuries. Both are being held at the Manitowoc County Jail as their cases proceed in the Manitowoc County Circuit Court.
A 7-year-old boy, Ethan Hauschultz of Newton, died April 20, several hours after being taken to a Manitowoc hospital. Manitowoc County Sheriff's Office is still investigating the death, and no charges have been filed.
Felicia Kuehnl, 24, is facing a first-degree intentional homicide charge in connection to the death of her stepfather, Randy Loze. Loze was found in his apartment dead from a gunshot wound to the head April 20. Kuehnl is being held by the Manitowoc County Jail while her case proceeds in the Manitowoc County Circuit Court.
Manitowoc Police Officer Fielder Clark was placed on administrative leave pending the outcome of the investigation into Bruce Smith's death. Clark shot Smith during a confrontation while Clark was responding to a fire alarm at South 35th Street. The investigation is ongoing.
Matthew Brown-Edwards, 22, faces charges related to the death of his girlfriend's infant daughter. The baby was nearly two months old when she was found unconscious and not breathing Jan. 17. Brown-Edwards is expected to stand trial for reckless homicide in July.
Two men were arrested May 4 and charged with crimes related to the abduction of a Manitowoc woman. Tamario Williams, 26, is expected to stand trial in January while Jamal Rudd, 23, was convicted of kidnapping and is scheduled to be sentenced Jan. 7.
James Nickels, 67, was indicted by a federal grand jury on 18 counts of wire fraud and one count of money laundering stemming from a scheme enticing people to invest in his business, The Fiscal Concierge. Nickels is expected to stand trial in March.
Police give update on investigation into deaths of Richard Miller, 51, and his daughter Jocelyn Miller, 19, found dead in their home Sept. 9. Manitowoc Herald Times Reporter
Other notable stories in 2018 included the following:
Reedsville Panthers dedicate season to Jevon Lemke Manitowoc Herald Times Reporter
Carrie Holton holds a portrait of her son, Jevon Lemke, on the Reedsville Panthers football field during a practice Wednesday in Reedsville. (Photo: Joshua Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin)
The Manitowoc Common Council approved instituting a $20 wheel tax that will begin in April 2019. The wheel tax will take the place of special assessments to property owners and has been touted as a more fair way to pay for road maintenance and repairs.
Demolition of the former Elks Club building on Waldo Boulevard began in May to make room for a new senior housing facility, which began building shortly after the demolition. The new facility is expected to include 52 units serving the needs of seniors and could open an additional 30 jobs in Manitowoc.
Jevon Lemke, a teenager from Reedsville High School, disappeared off the shores of Alabama in late March while attempting to rescue his father and stepmother from drowning. His body was never found, but the Reedsville Panthers football team still carries his memory. The high school team dedicated its 2018 season to him and Lemke's mother, Carrie Holton, continues to be involved with the team.
Chris Klein, a 25-year-old from Two Rivers, lost his life Dec. 16 in a car crash when a suspect fleeing police at speeds of 100 miles per hour crashed into Klein's truck. Klein worked at Krajnik Chevrolet as an auto body technician and also coached field and track at Roncalli High School.
Bob Ziegelbauer was re-elected for his fourth term as Manitowoc County Executive in April with only 50.4 percent of the vote. Ziegelbauer was challenged by Eric Sitkiewitz, an alderman for the City of Manitowoc. The final tally showed Ziegelbauer with 8,439 votes and Sitkiewitz with 8,270 votes.
Two Valders girls who had been missing since August were found Nov. 2. Sara Copple, 15, and Delilah Gauthier, 7, were found with Delilah's father, Zachary, in Mississippi. Zachary Gauthier, 24, was apprehended in Alabama and will be extradited to Wisconsin through the state Department of Corrections.
Manitowoc Alderwoman Rhienna Gabriel was accused of misconduct after leaving a six-pack of beer on a city employee's residence with an unsigned note April 12. The Manitowoc Common Council voted to remove Gabriel from standing committees for the remainder of her term as punishment for inappropriate actions toward a city employee.
In a bid to avoid turning off the Eternal Flame, part of the Soldiers and Sailors monument on North 18th Street in Manitowoc, the City of Manitowoc and Manitowoc County have joined forces with local veterans' groups to start a fundraising campaign to raise money for fuel, repair and maintenance costs for the memorial.
The Ron Rubick Municipal Field was renovated with artificial turf, updated lighting, a new sound system and new visitor's bleachers. The field, while owned by the city of Manitowoc, is used by the Manitowoc School District for many high school sports like football, soccer, track and field, cheer, dance teams and marching band. The $1.5 million in renovations began in May.
University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc joined UW-Sheboygan and UW-Marinette as part of the UW-Green Bay campus after the restructuring of UW Colleges and UW-Extension.The change came after the renovations at UW-Manitowoc were revealed in March. The $7 million renovations included moving the library to the first floor of Founders Hall, replacing windows that were long since boarded up and updating art studios and science labs.
UW-Manitowoc Founders Hall renovations
University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc celebrates completion of their renovations Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wis
Associate Dean Carla Rabe of University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc makes opening remarks during the renovation celebration at UW-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc County Executive Bob Ziegelbauer makes remarks during the renovation celebration at UW-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
University of Wisconsin System President Dr. Ray Cross makes opening remarks during the renovation celebration at UW-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Foundation Board President Laurie Crawford of University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc makes opening remarks during the renovation celebration at UW-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
People check out the newly renovated spaces at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
People tour the newly renovated University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc library after the ribbon cutting ceremony Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Professor of Art Berel Lutsky does a print demonstration as guests tours the newly renovated art department at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Professor of Art Berel Lutsky makes prints to celebrate the newly renovated art department at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly renovated art space at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly science commons at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly renovated biology lab at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly renovated nursing classroom at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly renovated chemistry lab at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly renovated digital imaging lab at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
A newly renovated multipurpose classroom at the University of Wisconsin-Manitowoc Wednesday, Mar. 7, 2018, in Manitowoc, Wis. Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin Joshua Clark, Josh Clark/USA TODAY NETWORK-Wisconsin
Manitowoc police brief press on toddler death Manitowoc Herald Times Reporter
Read or Share this story: https://www.htrnews.com/story/news/2018/12/28/manitowoc-2018-review-spirit-rivers-farm-wisconsin-discovery-center-lighthouse-double-homicide-crime/2387447002/
Manitowoc speed skater Brenndon Wolf set for nationals
Manitowoc firefighters restore 1935 Mack fire engine
Manitowoc police searching for owner of dog that bit someone
Big Brothers Big Sisters hosts annual Appreciation Dinner
Manitowoc County For the Record: June 30, 2019
Reedsville teen killed in US 151 crash had lost boyfriend to drowning


BLADE - "Classic Single Hit"- Painting, Spray Paint/Marker on canvas measures 38" x 33" from 2015.
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This based on a 1978 sketch now made on canvas. Signed , titled and dated verso.


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The presidential candidate of the Peoples Democratic Party, PDP, Alhaji Atiku Abubakar, has given one reason he may not participate in the forthcoming presidential debate.
Speaking through the Spokesman of the Atiku Campaign Organisation, Kassim Afegbua, Atiku said he would only attend the debate on the condition that the presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress, APC, President Muhammadu Buhari will also be on ground.
Atiku said he would only participate if Buhari will be available for the engagement.
Atiku stated this in reaction to the statement by the Chairman of the Presidential Advisory Committee Against Corruption, Prof Itse Sagay that President Buhari will not debate with political dwarfs.
He berated Sagay for making such a statement, saying the erudite professor has become a turncoat academic.
He said, "When you realised that a supposed law professor like Itse Sagay now talks with tongue in cheek, you easily know that societal values and morality have become debased.
"When you realised that he once taught in the University, then the senility of his intellect has attained double jeopardy.
"Itse Sagay has not only become a turncoat academic but one whose sight invokes pity, sympathy and empathy. How can APC presidential candidate who has been fighting 'battles' with his WASC consider others who are duly qualified and well read as dwarfs?
"Does it not suggest that something is amiss somewhere?
"Who is actually a dwarf here? Is it a presidential candidate running away from debate or one who is challenging the other to a debate?
"Didn't you see them packaging a phoney debate for him where he would have studied the questions and answers and regurgitate them to the best of what would have been prepared for him?


The cryogenic targets of the Laser Megajoule facility (LMJ) are hollow spheres. Their internal walls are covered with a solid layer of frozen deuterium-tritium (D-T). One issue of inertial confinement fusion experiments is to guarantee the quality of the geometry of fuel layer. Cryogenic targets must be cooled at a temperature near the triple point (19K) with a very good stability (0.2mK) for many hours. This period is used to position the target with an accuracy of ±5μm at the center of the experimental vacuum vessel where the 240 laser beams are focalized. A complex cryogenic infrastructure has been conceived to insure the continuity of the cryogenic chain from the filling station located at CEA/Valduc in Burgundy to the LMJ experimental chamber installed in the vicinity of Bordeaux. The design of the target and a detailed description of the infrastructure are presented. A first prototype of cryogenic grip has been fabricated and characterized. Some experimental results are given.


text:
springupblog
Springwood Hospitality
by davehogg | April 30, 2015 · 5:54 pm
Hilton Earnings Up 22 Percent, Development Pipeline Surges
(Adapted by David Hogg from a 4/29/15 article by Jeff Clabaugh in the Washington Business Journal. Congratulations to development partner Hilton Worldwide! – Dave Hogg)
Hilton Worldwide Holdings Inc. reported a 22 percent increase in earnings and has increased its development pipeline to more than 240,000 new rooms.
Hilton's first-quarter revenue was $2.6 billion, compared with $2.4 billion in the same quarter a year ago. Net income was $150 million, or 15 cents per share, compared with $123 million, or 12 cents per share, in the first quarter of 2014.
Revenue per available room rose 6.6 percent.
Hilton opened 53 hotels in the first quarter, adding 8,000 rooms, and approved more than 23,000 new rooms. It says 56 percent of the 1,422 hotels now in development are in the U.S.
Hilton (NYSE: HLT) forecasts full-year revenue per available room growth of 5 percent to 7 percent.
U.S. Hospitality Industry Firing on All Cylinders
(Adapted by David Hogg from a 4/24/15 article by Jan Freitag, Senior VP, Strategic Development, STR, in Hotel News Now)
The first quarter of 2015 finally brought what was expected for a while now: The 12-month-moving-average occupancy tied an all-time record of 64.9%, on par with the fall 1995. This means all key performance indicators (rooms available, sold, revenue, average daily rate, occupancy and revenue per available room) are now at all-time highs.
The dollar amounts are not inflation adjusted, but the industry is firing on all cylinders. I would expect more record breaking demand and revenue numbers for the foreseeable future. (All data is from STR, the parent company of Hotel News Now.)
1. More rooms sold this month than any March ever
Occupancy was the highest ever recorded in March (66.8%). The industry sold more than 100 million roomnights (another March record), which was 3.3 million room nights more than last year.
Compared to March 2007, the industry recorded 12 million more rooms sold. In short: Demand is strong, and the hotel industry is capitalizing on the healthy macroeconomic picture.
2. Average Daily Rate continues to accelerate
March 2015 results were slightly negatively affected by one less Saturday than in March 2014. Despite this, RevPAR grew a healthy 7.4%, driven by ADR growth of 5%.*
This is the second consecutive month in which ADR growth has accelerated over the previous month (January: +4.4%, February: +4.7%, March: +5%). It will be interesting to see if operators can continue this pace as we get into the spring meeting season.
RevPAR has now increased for 61 consecutive months (or five-plus years) with no end in sight.
3. Is sustained supply growth finally here?
Supply growth hit 1.1% in March. This is the second consecutive month that year-over-year number has increased 0.1%.
It will be interesting to see if we revise this number down next month or if this is indeed the long-awaited impact of the under-construction rooms opening up. If so, brace yourself for impacts on occupancy growth and eventually impacts on absolute occupancy in middle to late 2015.
Dominant New Springhill Suites by Marriott Coming to Harrisburg's West Shore
Home2 Suites by Hilton Harrisburg North Opens
The Wilbur Lititz (PA) Tapestry Collection by Hilton Opens Today
Report: Extended-Stay Room Construction is Down, Occupancy Rises
Site Plan Approved for 115-Room Home2 Suites Hotel in Martinsburg
Hampton by Hilton Celebrates Rapid Global Expansion to 2,500 Open Hotels
What Even is AirBNB Anymore?
U.S. lodging outlook good through 2020
Hilton CEO says direct marketing paid off in 2018
CBRE: Hospitality Industry Growth to Continue in 2019
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When the first dining guide to the Valley of the Sun appeared in 1978, the authors had to explain what "sushi" was. Fast forward four decades, and Arizonans are munching rainbow rolls in shopping-mall food courts. The restaurant business in Arizona now brings in more than $11 billion a year. With stories, statistics and insider tidbits, former restaurant critic Howard Seftel explores the many ways that dining out reflects our evolving culture, as well as shapes it. He explains the rise of independent chefs, the boom in ethnic eating, the push for local sourcing and the growth of Arizona wines. Seftel also offers a rare inside look at the development of food criticism and the Internet's impact.
Howard Seftel has a unique perspective on the dining culture in Arizona. He spent 23 years as a restaurant reviewer at the Arizona Republic and Phoenix New Times – checking out some 5,000 meals. With humor and inside details, he gives audiences a fresh understanding of an experience we all share.


This image was obtained at http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eyjafjallaj%C3%B6kull_Glacier_-_29.8.09.jpg.
It has been rescaled to a width of 300 pixels but remains geometrically similar to the original.
This image is licensed by its owner under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license. If you are the owner of the copyright and wish this picture removed from my site, post a comment in a news story where the image appears. I will remove the image.


The Xavier University Newswire students can sell The Lesbian and Gay Movements (ISBN# 0813348498) written by Craig A Rimmerman and receive a check, along with a free pre-paid shipping label. Once you have sent in The Lesbian and Gay Movements (ISBN# 0813348498), your Xavier University Newswire textbook will be processed and your check will be sent out to you within a matter days. You can also sell other The Xavier University Newswire textbooks, published by Routledge and written by Craig A Rimmerman and receive checks.


text:
Special counsel appointed in Russia probe
By Jeremy Diamond and Laura Jarrett, CNN
Updated 8:08 AM EDT, Thu May 18, 2017
Former FBI Director Robert Mueller has been appointed by the Justice Department as a special counsel to over see an investigation in Russian influence in the 2016 elections. In this photo Mueller testifies before the Senate Judiciary Committee in 2011 in Washington, DC.
The man who led the Russia investigation
Trump to declassify documents in Russia probe
Starr: Mueller is getting closer to the truth
Giuliani: Trump, Comey never discussed Flynn
Trump calls on Sessions to end Mueller probe
Giuliani: Not sure colluding is a crime
conspiracy collusion explainer orig mg_00005015.jpg
Difference between conspiracy and collusion
PHOTO: Fox News Channel
Putin denies Russia interfered in US election
PHOTO: McNamee/Dunham/Getty Images
Trump deflects question over Russia indictments
WASHINGTON, DC - JUNE 21: Special counsel Robert Mueller (2nd L) leaves after a closed meeting with members of the Senate Judiciary Committee June 21, 2017 at the Capitol in Washington, DC. The committee meets with Mueller to discuss the firing of former FBI Director James Comey. (Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images)
PHOTO: Alex Wong/Getty Images
Podesta mocks Trump: Mueller caught the witches
Stone: Think I'm probably person in indictment
dana bash reax
Bash on DNC hacking: This is a major crime
PHOTO: Pool
Dem: Strzok hearing was about political theater
US President Donald Trump (L) chats with Russia's President Vladimir Putin as they attend the APEC Economic Leaders' Meeting, part of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) leaders' summit in the central Vietnamese city of Danang on November 11, 2017. / AFP PHOTO / SPUTNIK / Mikhail KLIMENTYEV (Photo credit should read MIKHAIL KLIMENTYEV/AFP/Getty Images)
PHOTO: MIKHAIL KLIMENTYEV/AFP/Getty Images
Senate panel agrees Putin tried to help Trump
trey gowdy
Gowdy on Russia investigation: Finish the hell up
Special counsel will probe possible collusion between Russia and President Trump's campaign
Mueller was appointed FBI Director by President George W. Bush in 2001 and served until 2013
The Justice Department on Wednesday appointed former FBI Director Robert Mueller as special counsel to oversee the federal investigation into Russian interference in the 2016 election, including potential collusion between President Donald Trump's campaign associates and Russian officials.
Deputy Attorney General Rod Rosenstein appointed Mueller to the position in a letter obtained by CNN. Attorney General Jeff Sessions previously recused himself from any involvement in the Russia investigation due to his role as a prominent campaign adviser and surrogate.
READ: Rosenstein letter appointing Mueller special counsel
As special counsel, Mueller is "authorized to prosecute federal crimes arising from the investigation of these matters," according to the Justice Department order Rosenstein signed.
Mueller's appointment aims to quell the wave of criticism that Trump and his administration have faced since Trump fired FBI Director James Comey last week in the middle of the FBI's intensifying investigation into contacts between Trump campaign associates and Russian officials.
In a statement, Trump said an investigation will confirm that "there was no collusion" between his campaign and Russia.
"As I have stated many times, a thorough investigation will confirm what we already know – there was no collusion between my campaign and any foreign entity. I look forward to this matter concluding quickly. In the meantime, I will never stop fighting for the people and the issues that matter most to the future of our country."
In a brief statement, Mueller said, "I accept this responsibility and will discharge it to the best of my ability."
House Speaker Paul Ryan accompanied by Rep. Cathy McMorris Rodgers takes questions from reporters at Republican National Committee Headquarters in Washington, Wednesday, May 17, 2017. Ryan said Congress "can't deal with speculation and innuendo" and must gather all relevant information before "rushing to judgment" on President Donald Trump's firing of FBI Director James Comey.
PHOTO: J. Scott Applewhite/AP
Related Article Hill Republicans try to wait out the Trump storm
News of the special counsel announcement was closely held. The White House received a heads-up less than an hour before the news broke at 6 p.m. ET. The rest of House leadership and rank-and-file members were in the dark, but a Justice Department official did reach out directly to Speaker Paul Ryan shortly before the announcement to let him know of the special counsel appointment, according to a GOP source.
Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-California, a member of the Senate intelligence committee, said the appointment was needed.
"I think it was the right thing to do and I believe they saw it as the right thing to do otherwise they're going to have a fight and it's not worth the fight," Feinstein said. "There (is) mutual suspicion of one side and the other. This clears that up and has a person whose reputation is as good as it gets and he'll be very good."
White House didn't want special counsel
NEW YORK, NY - AUGUST 08: Robert S. Mueller III, Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), speaks at the International Conference on Cyber Security (ICCS) on August 8, 2013 in New York City.
PHOTO: Andrew Burton/Getty Images/file
Related Article Who is Robert Mueller?
Calls for a special counsel or prosecutor were rising after The New York Times and then CNN reported on excerpts of a memo Comey wrote in February, in which Comey wrote that Trump asked him to drop the FBI investigation into former national security adviser Michael Flynn. Demands intensified from Democrats on Capitol Hill for the Justice Department to appoint a special counsel or prosecutor to oversee the case. Republicans on Tuesday night began to join those calls.
Trump was meeting with FBI director candidates when the White House was formally told that a special prosecutor had been named in Russia investigation. The White House counsel informed the president.
"It's still sinking in," one administration official said, describing an air of uncertainty in the West Wing. "We were told about it. Not asked about it."
White House spokesman Sean Spicer on Monday dismissed the idea of a special prosecutor.
"There's, frankly, no need for a special prosecutor. We've discussed this before," Spicer told reporters. "You have two Senate committees that are looking into this, the FBI is conducting their own review. And – and I think if you even look at what Acting Director (Andrew) McCabe said last week, he made it very clear that they have the resources that they need and that the work continues."
Beyond allegedly asking Comey to quit his investigation into Flynn – who has been a central focus of the FBI's investigation into contacts between Trump associates and Russia – Trump said in an interview with NBC last week that he considered the "Russia thing with Trump and Russia' when he decided to fire Comey.
Trump has called the FBI investigation into Russia a "hoax" and "taxpayer funded charade."
Thursday morning, he tweeted there was "never a special (counsel) appointed" to investigate "all of the illegal acts that took place in the Clinton campaign and Obama administration."
He added, "This is the single greatest witch hunt of a politician in American history!"
Rushed to Ashcroft's hospital room with Comey
The appointment could be seen as a signal from Rosenstein. His independence was quickly praised as news of his appointment spread, with many recalling his famous refusal to bow to the demands of West Wing officials during the Bush administration.
When George W. Bush's White House chief of staff and White House counsel sought to get an ailing Attorney General John Ashcroft to reauthorize a warrantless domestic surveillance program that the Justice Department had ruled illegal, Mueller and Comey rushed to the hospital to prevent the Bush officials from taking advantage of Ashcroft.
Comey made it there first, but as Mueller rushed to the hospital he called Ashcroft's security detail and ordered them to prevent the top Bush officials from kicking Comey out of the room.
Mueller later threatened to resign alongside Comey, who was then serving as deputy attorney general, over Bush administration officials' continued attempts to reauthorize the program. They ultimately did not resign as Bush sided with the Justice Department officials.
'Necessary' for 'full confidence' in investigation
Rosenstein said he believes a special counsel "is necessary in order for the American people to have full confidence in the outcome."
"In my capacity as acting attorney general, I determined that it is in the public interest for me to exercise my authority and appoint a Special Counsel to assume responsibility for this matter," Rosenstein said in a statement, adding that the decision is "not a finding that crimes have been committed or that any prosecution is warranted."
"What I have determined is that based upon the unique circumstances, the public interest requires me to place this investigation under the authority of a person who exercises a degree of independence from the normal chain of command," Rosenstein said.
Mueller was appointed FBI Director by President George W. Bush in 2001 and served until 2013, when Comey took over as head. He will resign from his private law firm WilmerHale to avoid any conflicts of interest, the Justice Department said.
CNN's Dana Bash, Jeff Zeleny, Phil Mattingly, Ted Barrett, Lauren Fox and David Shortell contributed to this report.
CORRECTION: This story has been updated to properly reflect which news organization first reported the Comey memo. It was The New York Times.


text:
Beatles Fans Celebrate 'Abbey Road' Cover Photo Anniversary
Dave Lifton Published: August 8, 2019
Leon Neal, Getty Images
Thousands of Beatles fans visited the famous London crosswalk that's found on the cover photo of their 1969 album Abbey Road. The event marked the 50th anniversary of the day the picture was taken.
According to NME, an estimated 3,500 people made their way to the spot, located near the intersection of Abbey and Grove End roads in St. John's Wood and across the street from where the group made most of their records. Some fans brought guitars; one man, dressed as Paul McCartney, even proposed to his girlfriend while surrounded by men dressed as the other three Beatles.
Social media featured many of these fans recreating the famous photo. Pattie Boyd, the former wife of George Harrison, wasn't at the event, but she shared a picture taken by a friend who attended.
You can see a selection of these social-media posts below.
Photographing yourself in the middle of Abbey Road is a rite of passage for Beatles fans when in London. Five years ago, local officials were so concerned about the pedestrian traffic at the crosswalk during the summer, when tourism is at its peak, that they considered putting a crossing guard to ensure safety.
McCartney posted a video of himself in the crosswalk last year, when he visited the recording studio to perform in support of Egypt Station. His daughter Mary captured the moment. He was also photographed in the same spot for the cover of his 1993 concert album, Paul Is Live.
The Beatles also announced an Abbey Road box set that arrives on Sept. 27, one day after the 50th anniversary of its original release. The set contains three CDs -- a remix of the original LP, plus two discs of demos and alternate takes, including the Side Two medley in its original sequence -- as well as a Blu-ray and a 100-page book with a forward by McCartney. The set was remastered by Giles Martin and engineer Sam Okell.
50 Years of 'Abbey Road' Album Cover Tributes and Parodies
Next: Every Beatles Song Ranked
Source: Beatles Fans Celebrate 'Abbey Road' Cover Photo Anniversary
Filed Under: Abbey Road, the beatles
If You Wear a Band Shirt in Amarillo Please Know the Band
Penny Lane In Amarillo? This Beatles Subdivision Is Amazing.
Did the Beatles' 'Sgt. Pepper' Help Spawn Gangsta Rap?
Paul McCartney's Yamaha Is Now the Most Expensive Bass Ever Sold at Auction
Paul McCartney's Brother Could Have Split the Beatles
Watch Paul McCartney Craft Beatles' 'Get Back' in Two Minutes
Beatles' Movie Director Risked Deportation for Film's Ending
Cop Who Ended Beatles' Final Show Still Happy With His Conduct
Paul McCartney Details His John Lennon 'Diss Track'


text:
The Maistre of Harvard Yard
By Calvin TerBeek / April 1, 2020
A signal aspect of Donald Trump's presidency is the party base's unrelenting support of him. An underappreciated component of that base is the conservative legal movement. This group is comprised of conservative and libertarian law professors who espouse constitutional "originalism," the Federalist Society (in both its judicial lobbying shop and debating society guises), self-styled public interest religious and libertarian litigation-production firms, and the conservative donors that allow this alternative legal knowledge structure to flourish. Unlike the Never Trumpers—as a forthcoming book shows, the GOP's banished policy brain—the conservative legal movement has been delighted with, some merely acquiescent in, the Trump administration's constitutional politics. These legal "technocrats" see much to like in Trump era constitutional political development. Having convinced themselves there is a meaningful distinction between Trump's unfortunate vulgarism and his administration's praiseworthy judicial nominations, the erstwhile tagline "But Gorsuch," explains well their more, sometimes less, cheerleading for the administration.
Adrian Vermeule has long occupied an unusual position within the conservative legal movement. Though a thorough-going conservative, this former Scalia clerk and administrative law professor at Harvard often made sport of "originalism" as a thin guise for standard-issue GOP legal policy goals. Vermeule styled himself a serious scholar and originalism, for him, wasn't serious. And there he may have sat, pumping out law review articles on administrative law and Schmittian-inflected monographs on executive power. But after his high-profile conversion to a traditionalist Catholicism in 2016, Vermeule has transformed himself into a full-blown public intellectual, throwing punches at liberals and (in his view) benighted conservatives alike. Now, with his recent constitutional manifesto in the Atlantic, intentionally meant to cause a stir, Vermeule has very publicly upped the ante. Shoving "originalism" to the side (it has "outlived its utility"), Vermeule's "Common-good constitutionalism" is a call for a Catholic integralist Constitution with "a powerful presidency ruling over a powerful bureaucracy." In short, this is a Catholic authoritarian governing system enforcing its particularized vision of the "common good."
Less interesting than the intellectual merits of this mishmash of Carl Schmitt and Catholicism is what it tells us about the constitutional politics of the GOP. The politics of the GOP's coalition of social and economic conservatives have always been replicated in miniature in the politics of the conservative legal movement. On Capitol Hill and the Supreme Court, economic conservatives and libertarians have been the senior partner in the coalition and religious and cultural conservatives—fixated on abortion and LGBTQ+ rights—their increasingly rambunctious junior partner. With this splashy piece, Vermeule's proximate target is not small-L liberal democracy, but, for now, economic conservatism's focus on property rights and economic rights which cashes out in tax cuts and attacks on the administrative state.
The central cleavage is abortion. Many libertarians have long downplayed reversing Roe v. Wade as a third-order goal. In order to bridge this coalitional gap, the internecine fights over abortion in the conservative legal movement have long been salved with an awkward, for this purpose, constitutional medicant: states' rights. As Reagan Attorney General Meese promised a Clergy for Life rally in 1987, the Reagan administration was working to appoint justices and judges that would relegate Roe alongside "Dred Scott on the ash-heap of history . . . then the states will be free to act."
The constitutional terrain, however, has fitfully moved rightward since 1987. With a five vote ideological majority on the Supreme Court now in hand and the lower courts well-stocked with young turks filled with constitutional certitude, for cultural conservatives this good enough is no longer good enough. Social conservatives have long paid public fealty to originalism, but their central political goal has always been to ban abortion—simply returning the politics of abortion to the states does not ensure complete success. Originalism's focus on text and history left little room for a "right" to life based on constitutional language.
So, in a melting pot brew of Straussian-inflected political theory and the Catholic natural law tradition, these actors have kept on the backburner a body of thought that emphasizes the Declaration of Independence's promise of the "unalienable" right to life. When talking amongst themselves in low-salience venues, this has long been their constitutional grammar for outlawing abortion. From the Human Life Review—established in the wake of Roe—to Charles "Chuck" Colson's best-selling (in evangelical circles) How Now Shall We Live? these social conservatives have long grumbled about the conservative justices' and legal elites' relative lack of attention to the right to life they find in reading the nation's founding documents.
If we understand this, we can better understand Vermeule's crashing of this party. Leveraging the decades of intellectual and political work of many others in the movement, Vermeule is staking out his claim to be the junior partner's well-credentialed intellectual messiah. At bottom, though, Vermeule is simply repackaging ("reassociating") others' ideas into an ostensibly original "Common-good constitutionalism" that extends his predecessors collective ideational work to their authoritarian conclusion. By spending down the cultural capital of his chaired appointment at Harvard Law School, the maistre of Harvard Yard is demanding that conventional conservatives sit up and take notice of his "new" and troubling constitutional philosophy.
It is unlikely Vermeule will be successful is displacing the GOP's reliance on "originalism." Too much intellectual and legal policy work—never mind numerous curriculum vitae and paychecks—depend on propagating or "debating" this constitutional philosophy. More plausibly, Vermeule and his fellow Catholic integralists may now be invited to Federalist Society "debates." This would serve to further mainstream the authoritarian tendencies evident in GOP and conservative politics. If the Federalist Society, and the purportedly anti-Trump conservative and libertarian law professoriate, are serious about the necessity of the "rule of law," they should ignore Vermeule's temptation.
Finally, those who style themselves the intellectuals of the Federalist Society might reflect that if indeed "winter is coming" how their own political project created space for Vermeule's authoritarian constitutionalism. Reducing the Constitution to synonymity with conservative and libertarian political goals with the bad faith subterfuge of originalism has opened the door to a frank ideological project like Vermeule's. The conservative legal elites, like their establishment predecessors just a few years ago, thought they had the tiger by the tail. Their grip is slipping.
Calvin TerBeek
http://calvinterbeek.com
Hello. My name is Calvin TerBeek and I'm a political science PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. My work is focused on party politics and judicial politics from the Progressive Era to Trump. More specifically, I'm interested in how party politics helped create the constitutional politics of the Democratic Party's legal liberalism and the GOP's constitutional originalism. Before coming to Hyde Park, I clerked for two judges and practiced commercial litigation for large and boutique firms. For more, please see my c.v. — http://calvinterbeek.com/
Hello. My name is Calvin TerBeek and I'm a political science PhD candidate at the University of Chicago. My work is focused on party politics and judicial politics from the Progressive Era to Trump. More specifically, I'm interested in how party politics helped create the constitutional politics of the Democratic Party's legal liberalism and the GOP's constitutional originalism. Before coming to Hyde Park, I clerked for two judges and practiced commercial litigation for large and boutique firms. For more, please see my c.v. -- http://calvinterbeek.com/
By Chris Baylor / February 16, 2021
By Chris Baylor / January 25, 2021
By Andrea Benjamin, Ray Block, Jared Clemons, Chryl Laird and Julian Wamble / January 18, 2021
By Anna Daily / January 13, 2021
By Julie Novkov / December 11, 2020
COVID-19 and the Politics of Homeschooling
COVID-19 and the Decline of Loyal Opposition


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Golden Retriever Forum
The American Bulldog
When one thinks of the bulldog, the image that first comes to mind is probably that of the English Bulldog, with its squat build, round head and distinctive "face that only a mother could love." But there is another kind of beloved breed of bulldog: bigger and more athletic, and ruggedly handsome where the English Bulldog is charmingly ugly. This is the American Bulldog, a breed that almost literally came back from the dead to become widely popular as both a working dog and a family pet.
Like its English cousin, the American Bulldog is stocky, sturdy and muscular, with a fierce countenance that belies a loving and protective nature. Its overall features are more classic canine than its Old Country counterpart, however, and it has a unique upright posture that makes it almost appear as if this dog is standing on two legs when seen from a distance. Its face and muzzle are solid and square, but without the exaggerated blockiness and wrinkled jowls that define the English version. This is a relatively thick and heavy medium-sized dog, measuring from 22 to 28 inches in length and weighing anywhere from 70 to 120 pounds, depending on the size of their last meal. The American Bulldog can come in a variety of color patterns, but white is usually featured prominently.
Its fur is short and bristly and requires only the occasional brushing to control this breed's modest shedding. This is generally a healthy breed, but like so many breeds this bulldog is vulnerable to the painful inherited condition known as hip dysplasia, so you should make sure the parents of the dog you are considering adopting were tested for this disorder and certified dysplasia-free.
Fiercely loyal to its humans and brave to a fault, the American Bulldog is equally at home on the farm rounding up cattle and protecting them from predators or following along with its owner by leash on long peaceful walks through a neighborhood park. This dog loves children, and will make a wonderful companion as well as an excellent guard dog if your kids and their canine friend should ever wander off and find themselves in harm's way. The American Bulldog is not a hyper or overly excitable dog by any means, but he does need to keep active, and long walks are definitely recommended in addition to at least some yard space for him to pace about in. Because this breed has a naturally strong and forceful personality, it is important that he be subject to the authority of a decisive pack leader - you - to prevent him from becoming overly aggressive in certain situations. Quiet and clear authority will help your bulldog feel more comfortable and relaxed, as he will know that he is a valuable member of the group but does not need to assert himself completely as the top dog.
The American Bulldog is intelligent, athletic, and easily trained, and has had much success as a show performer. The breed is both protective and disciplined, which have made it a popular choice for a farm or guard dog. Decades ago, this dog was also used a lot for hunting, and was known in the South as a scourge to destructive wild boars. But despite its physical strength and assertiveness in the face of a threat, the American Bulldog still makes a terrific pet, and has gained most of its popularity as a vigorous and affectionate companion animal.
The American Bulldog Makes a Comeback
Descended from farm dogs popular in past times in both the Midwest and South, by the early-to mid 20th century the popularity of the American Bulldog had started to wane, to the point that the dog was actually on the verge of extinction. After returning home from service following World War II, a young aspiring dog breeder from Summerville, Georgia named John Johnson decided to take it upon himself to resurrect the American Bulldog.
Johnson traveled all across the rural South, gathering all the attractive specimens he could find for his own personal breeding program. Johnson's highly determined and ultimately successful efforts attracted the attention of other breeders, who eventually joined him in the effort to keep the breed going. Of particular importance was a man named Alan Scott, who originally collaborated with Johnson only to break with him later after it became clear that the two men did not share the same vision about how the American Bulldog should be bred. While Scott preferred a lighter, more agile dog that could still function as a hunter, Johnson wanted a stronger, sturdier dog that would be suitable for guard duty or companionship.
In truth, the split between Johnson and Scott was probably a good thing, because it opened up the process for more experimentation and cross breeding across the newly created American Bulldog breeding community. The breed as it is today emerged from this dynamic and fluid breeding program; nevertheless, there is no question that John Johnson alone deserves most of the credit for bringing the American Bulldog almost literally back from the dead.
Low on Maintenance, High on Enjoyment
The American Bulldog is a low-maintenance dog when living in the country and medium-maintenance in a home or apartment. Besides his need for outdoor activity, one other thing that should be taken into account before choosing one of these dogs for companionship is the fact that like any other bulldog, the American Bulldog is a big-time drooler. If having a dog who slobbers all over you and leaves moist spots in different locations around the house is a big turn-off, then any breed of bulldog is probably not for you. If, on the other hand, you want a dog that combines many attractive characteristics, such as loyalty, protectiveness, friendliness with children, striking appearance and the desire to run and play and enjoy wonderful times outdoors, then the American Bulldog would make an outstanding addition to your household, and to your family.


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Japan overtime abuse at 34 percent of companies: Karoshi
Kanako Mita and Sawako Utsumi
The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan confirmed that 34 percent of business companies investigated – out of 32,025 companies were involved in illegal overtime abuse. This figure is astonishingly high. However, it is a never-ending problem whereby workers are treated with disdain.
On-site inspections by the Ministry leave no doubt that serious legal penalties are needed to protect workers from constant abuse. Indeed, the corporate mentality – including the treatment of women – needs a complete overhaul.
NHK reports, "Inspectors found employees had worked illegal overtime at 10,986 locations. Overtime exceeding 80 hours per month was found at 4,158 locations, and 100 hours per month at 2,643 locations. In one case, 246 hours of illegal work was confirmed."
Also, just over one in twelve of these companies refused to pay overtime for the work done. Hence, not only do you have the enormous exploitation of workers happening concerning illegal overtime, but you also have companies not even paying workers.
Lee Jay Walker says, "Shockingly, rather than the Ministry issuing fines or complete condemnation – a softly, softly approach is being taken. Thus, new guidelines resulting from these findings equate to closer guidance. Therefore, little incentive for companies to change dramatically."
The BBC reports, "Japan is also the birthplace of karoshi – "death from overwork" – a word invented in the 1970s to describe deaths caused by work-related stresses and pressures. Unfortunately, it's still a regular fixture in Japan's lexicon today."
Dentsu is a powerful company in Japan. In one famous case, Matsuri Takahashi (24 years old) committed suicide from Karoshi. She had worked 105 hours overtime only a few months before she took her life. However, the fine given to Dentsu was only 500,000 yen (less than 3,000 pounds).
Her mother (Yukimi) said, "It's not just my daughter – tragic cases like this are happening throughout Japan, across all industries and irrespective of whether firms are large or small."
Reuters reports (2017), "NHK, which has covered the Dentsu case and the problem of karoshi in Japanese society extensively on air, said it had decided to disclose its own case to ensure thorough reform within the company. The reporter died of congestive heart failure after clocking 159 hours of overtime in the month before her death."
The World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Report 2021 once more highlighted how un-G7 Japan actually is. Hence, Japan ranked 120th out of 156 countries concerning gender parity.
http://sawakoart.com – Sawako Utsumi and her personal website – Modern Tokyo Times artist
http://facebook.com/moderntokyotimes
Dying from overwork
Karoshi in Japan
Tokyo news agency
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Four golfers headline 2018 THE PLAYERS odds
OddsSharkMay 9, 2018, 10:14 AM EDT
THE PLAYERS Championship features one of the top fields of the year on the PGA Tour, and sportsbooks monitored by OddsShark.com have a logjam at the top of the board for the event which gets underway on Thursday at TPC Sawgrass in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida.
Rory McIlroy, Jason Day, Justin Thomas, and Jordan Spieth are pegged as +1400 co-favorites on the odds to win THE PLAYERS Championship at the sportsbooks, with Dustin Johnson and Rickie Fowler just a step back of that quartet at +1800 odds.
Of those golfers, both Day and Fowler are past champions at the event, with Day taking the tournament by four strokes in 2016 and Fowler picking up a victory in a playoff against Sergio Garcia and Kevin Kisner at the event in 2015.
Last year's winner at THE PLAYERS, meanwhile, is pegged as a longshot to claim the tournament title once again this weekend. South Korea's Si Woo Kim topped Louis Oosthuizen and Ian Poulter by three strokes at the event last year, becoming the youngest ever winner of the tournament. The 22-year-old is back with the longer shots at +7500 odds for this week.
Oosthuizen is also down the golf odds list at +7500 for this year's edition of THE PLAYERS, with Poulter set at +6600. Rafa Cabrera Bello and Kyle Stanley tied for fourth place the tournament last year, finishing four strokes back of the leader; they're both longshots at +10000 odds this week.
Martin Kaymer, the 2014 champion, is at +20000 odds this week, with Tiger Woods, who won this tournament for the second time in 2013, sitting in the second tier of contenders on the odds at +3300. Woods also won this event back in 2001, and hasn't played in this tournament the past two years.
Joining Woods at +3300 on THE PLAYERS Championship odds is Phil Mickelson, who won this event in 2007. Mickelson finished well back in the pack in a tie for 41st place at this tournament last year, 13 strokes behind the leader, but is a strong third in the FedExCup standings so far on the season.
Matt Kuchar, the 2012 champion, sits at +6600 odds for this week, while 2009 winner Henrik Stenson, riding a strong three-tournament run, is listed at +2800. Jon Rahm (+2200), Justin Rose (+3000), and Paul Casey (+3300) round out the top of THE PLAYERS betting lines.
For more odds information, betting picks and a breakdown of this week's top sports betting news check out the OddsShark podcast with Jon Campbell and Andrew Avery. Subscribe on iTunes or listen to it at OddsShark.libsyn.com.


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Energy | April 17th, 2018
Ecological Restoration of Coal Mine Degraded Lands
By Subodh kumar Maiti
Mining activities are responsible for adverse changes in land use pattern. Ecorestoration is, therefore, essential for bringing back the original characteristics of the land.
The Society for Ecological Restoration (SER 2004) defines ecological restoration as 'the process of assisting the recovery of an ecosystem that has been degraded, damaged or destroyed'. The process of natural succession, which happens concurrently with ecosystem development takes time. Several ecosystem functions of mined land require a long time to develop through natural processes. Therefore, it is indispensable to incorporate some ecosystem management tools that can accelerate the recovery of mine degraded land. Mine degraded sites are either reclaimed—returning a derelict site to some use or rehabilitated, creating conditions for a new and substantially different use of the mining site or restored—recreating conditions suitable for previous use of area based on the end land-use of the sites. Generally, ecological restoration with forestry as end land-use is carried out in two stages:
■ Physical, technical or engineering restoration: It is a high cost, low risk restoration activity, but constitutes over 60 to 90 per cent of the total cost of restoration; and
■ Biological restoration: It is a low cost, high risk restoration work and requires multidisciplinary inputs.
Coal production and pollution
A fossil fuel contributing to about 60 per cent of the energy mix in India, coal is a high demand commodity. India consumes 8 per cent of the total world's coal, making it the third largest consumer as well as the third-biggest greenhouse gas emitter. In terms of production, India ranked third globally with 639.23 million tonnes in 2015-16 and 724.71 million tonnes projected for 2016-17, next to China and USA (Ministry of Coal, 2017).
Coal mining in India started over 240 years ago around 1774 in the Raniganj coalfield. However, coal production was boosted only after nationalisation of coal mines in 1972. India has 308.8 billion tonnes of coal reserves in seven states—Jharkhand (26 per cent), Odisha (25 per cent), Chhattisgarh (18 per cent), West Bengal (10 per cent), Madhya Pradesh (8.7 per cent), and Maharashtra (3.7 per cent) (Ministry of Coal, 2014).
Indian coal is of Gondwana origin with low sulphur and high ash content ranging from 30 to 50 per cent (Xia et al., 2016), compared to an ash content of 15-20 per cent found in developed countries. This high ash content is responsible for generation of huge amounts of fly ash—a by product of combustion in thermal power plants.
As high as 92 per cent of coal is mined by open cast method. As most of the coal deposits in India are locked under forest cover, a substantial amount of coal production through surface mining involves the complete removal of vegetation, soil cover and overlying waste rocks. This causes loss of forests and biodiversity, habitat fragmentation and deterioration ecosystem services, which inherently damage and pollute the environment. Massive degradation of land, complete change in land use, deterioration of aesthetics, severe air pollution with marked increase in particulate matter and dust, water pollution and siltation, are very common in coal mining areas. Increase in respirable particulate matter—RPM or PM10, suspended particulate matter (SPM) and settable dust (dust fall) are thus of great concern.
Surface coal mining process and generation of mine waste dump
To reach the coal seam, the overlying rocks above the uppermost coal seam and the inner-burden between the lower coal seams are removed in parallel strips (pits) across the coalfield until the area is mined. After being drilled and blasted, rocks covering the shallowest coal seam is removed using shovel-dumper combinations, draglines and auxiliary excavating equipment. Till mining reaches a desired depth, all the topsoil, subsoil and overburden materials are dumped outside—'external dump'. Once these dumps are inactive, they are stabilised by topsoil blanketing. Sometimes, they reach a height of 90-100 m from the ground surface.
As mining progresses and several rows of spoil piles are created, grading of the piles begins, using bulldozers to create a post-mining topography commonly known as 'back-filling'. The reclamation activities include the regrading of mine spoil—a term used for overburden material removed during opencast mining. It creates a post-mining topography including restoring drainage networks, replacing salvaged topsoil, re-establishing vegetation cover and implementing erosion-control measures. Development of forestry as post mining land use is relatively easier, compared to external dumps as regrading, redistribution of topsoil and run-off management are simpler.
Characteristics of mine waste
The properties of mine spoils are directly controlled by the physical and geochemical properties of the rock strata from which they are derived. Once the mine spoils are physically reclaimed and utilised to support plant growth (with or without topsoil), they are considered as minesoils.
Minesoils are pedogenically young soils developed from the mixtures of fragmented and pulverized rock material—anthrosols. Minesoils developing on the surface mined lands are characterised by high rock fragments, ranging from 40-60 per cent, low water holding capacity, compacted surface (high bulk density) and low infiltration rate compared to native soils. Use of heavy earth moving machinery (HEEM) during technical reclamation resulted in compact minesoils, which exhibit low porosity and poor aeration.
Ecorestoration planning and implementation
Before re-vegetation planning, types of vegetation cover have to be planned. This depends on characteristics of the plant, nature of minesoils, quality of available topsoil, proximity to the nearby seed sources or natural seed banks, climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature) and proneness to anthropogenic disturbance. It is necessary that a clear objective of restoration and final land use at the end of mining operation is clearly defined by mine authority along with the consultation of regulators and local bodies. The restoration planning should be considered at an early stage of inception of project. Ecorestoration planning should have the following basic steps:
Involvement of local community: mining is a temporary activity and as temporary occupiers of the land, the coal companies should aim for redevelopment of better post-mining land use by considering needs of the local communities.
Removal and preservation of flora by developing a flora bank: this essentially consists of transplantation of native/valuable species and their documentation (local and scientific name, density, tree diameter at breast height, aerial height, crown cover, category of species, economic and medicinal values). The information must be displayed on a documentation board indicating importance of preservation. Before transplantation, it is to be ensured that soil is properly moistened to ease transplantations and the places for transplantation in newly restored sites are carefully chosen. Protection of remaining patches of the original vegetation should be encouraged so as to increase seed propagation and regeneration of native species.
Top soil management: addition of topsoil is vital component to establish a self-sustaining cover during restoration process. It must be preserved wherever possible and its quality should be protected during moving and storage. Important aspects of topsoil management include—inventory and removal of topsoil, concurrent reuse and storage of topsoil (if required) including preservation of topsoil fertility by vegetating grass-legume mixture.
u Technical aspects: the overall slope of the dump surface should not exceed 28o. To reduce the slope length, it is recommended that the height of the dump should be kept within 30 m with 10 m benching. A drainage system needs to be designed to control erosion and provide garland drains surrounding the dump. Scraped topsoil needs to be applied over the regraded surface (30-50 cm). Use of mulches is recommended to reduce surface compaction and overall amelioration of site conditions. Where little or no topsoil exists prior to mining, it may be necessary to amend or import soils depending on the final land use and site conditions.
Revegetation Planning: a key element of successful restoration projects is the establishment of a succession based vegetation cover through plantation and application of grasses and legume seed mixtures. Tree species recommended for afforestation of coal mine dumps are khair (Acacia catechu), siris (Albizia lebbeck, A. procera), margosa (Azadirachta indica), and shisham (Dalbergia sissoo), to name a few.
Nowadays hydroseeding technique is used for fast and efficient application of seed mixture on slopes. Tillers of khus grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) and citronella grass (Cymbopogon citrates) are also commonly used in slope and barrier constructed at the periphery of dumps, known as berm.
The revegetation planning should mimic surrounding non disturbed forest area or encourage specific ecosystem establishment, incorporating strengths of both native and non-native species. But unfortunately, in many instances dumps mine degraded lands are reclaimed by planting fast growing exotic tree species, without proper technical reclamation or even without soil in plantation pits.
Currently, grass-legume mixture (Stylosanthes hamata) are seeded as pioneer species on the barren dumps to enhance soil fertility before plantation of tree species. In many instances, dry mulches are also used to conserve moisture and provide substrate for ecosystem redevelopment.
Integration of ecological succession: this approach promotes development of native plant species—initially planted species will ameliorate dump surface and promote colonisation of native species. It is considered to be the bridge between initial colonisers and later developing vegetation (Fig. 1).
Ideally, one would like to have some statistics as to how many mines have been restored so far. However, there is no reliable information available in this regard, apart from some accounts of trees that are being planted.
Mining companies are now realising that reclamation by simple plantation of fast-growing trees are not going to restore a degraded ecosystem. There should be a paradigm shift to restore a degraded ecosystem through a ecological restoration approach. There is a close relationship between ecological understanding and successful ecorestoration. Technical aspects of restoration are the keys of ecological restoration of minesoils, which should be carried out in an orderly manner. This may be aimed at producing better land use and productivity prior to mining, re-grading and blanketing backfilled areas with soil. Salvaging and reusing topsoil carefully, designing appropriate control erosion measures to enhance stability of dumps are other ways. Minimising disturbance to the surface and groundwater, conserving floral patches and using seeds for regeneration of biodiversity, constructing/searching out water sources during extreme summer, monitoring the progress of ecosystem recovery, and post-caring of sites can also be experimented with. All these processes must be integrated with ecological engineering aimed at vegetation establishment and ecosystem creation in order to optimise land productivity and soil fertility. Consultation with local people must be a part of all effective decision-making processes. Finally, the development of the science of restoration should go hand in hand with achievements of successful restoration itself.
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