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==Neverwinter Nights is a very imaginative game. Like most other Dungeons and Dragons games, you can fully customize your main character. This particular game takes it a lot further, making it very close to designing a real pen and paper character, without all the hassle of checking everything over manually. With the added addition of customizable adventure modules, there is much offered by the game, so making a good character to start with is a good idea.
The first four things that you will have to do is pick your character's gender, race, class and portrait. Gender has no effect on your character's abilities, but will affect how other people treat you in the game, be they NPC or PC. Your race affects your ability scores and will give you a list of abilities. Your portrait is purely aesthetic - try to pick one that matches your race/class combination and that you find appealing. The class that you choose now is your beginning class - that could very easily change over the course of your career. The fifth choice before getting into the statistics is your alignment. This is covered in the manual, so I won't describe them here. Your alignment dictates how you should act in the world and what options will be available to you over the course of your journeys.
At this point lets stop to talk about Raiksha. She is human and is a rogue. She is a rogue because I wanted a character based on skills, and not spells or pure fighting. The Sneak Attack skill is a nice little bonus to have too. She is a human so that she can have an extra feat at first level and for the addition of the extra skill points. A halfling would have made another good choice here, except that the lower strength score and skill points would have hurt the template that I wished to create here. As for the portrait, take a look at the one I chose. Raiksha isn't the prettiest of girls, but neither is she strikingly ugly. The glare is one of mystery, the nose is one that looks to be oft broken and the hair is red. All ideal for the character that I wish to create. Finally, Raiksha is a champion of the poor, one who does what she must, while ignoring the restraints that society wishes her to bear. Chaotic Good? Yes, she certainly is!
After these basic changes it is time to go into the ability scores, skills, feats and spells. It is easy to see that Raiksha will have no spells, but it is harder to decide on what to give her for ability scores. I chose to give her a strength of 14 (she has to fight), a dexterity of 16 (most of her skills depend on it), constitution and wisdom of 10 (no penalties to saving throws), intelligence of 14 (+2 skill points and bonuses to skills), and a charisma of 12 (Persuade! Good for low levels, but will divert points elsewhere later). This will make her relatively good for the skills that I have chosen for her. Next I went to the packages section and decided to configure my own package for her. Open Lock, Move Silently, Set Trap, Disable Trap, Search, Spot, Listen, and Hide are all rogue skills that she needs. Lore and Persuade are there as helper skills. As for the last four skill points, for the start I have decided to split them into three different skills - 2 into Use Magical Device (won't see many of these at low levels), one into Heal (might have to help people in a party situation), and one into Pick Pockets (might have to steal something, even though Raiksha prefers not to). As for feats, I wanted Raiksha to fight with a pair of weapons, so I gave her Ambidexterity and Two-Weapon Fighting to start with, with plans of getting other combat feats in ensuing levels.
The last thing to do is finish customizing your character. This is purely an aesthetic thing, so do it however you want! You can change her model to match what you want, add your name in, write up a biography, choose a deity (no list, just make up a name, if you are unfamiliar with the Forgotten Realms deities) and pick a voice (Female Seductress for Raiksha). Now there is Raiksha!
ClassesIn this section I will list the pros and cons of using each of the classes, as well as make some notes on the effectiveness of multiclassing them. I will also suggest abilities, feats and skills for starting one.
Multiclassing Multiclassing is the process of adding a level of another class to your primary class. You can have up to three classes in Neverwinter Nights. Multiclassing can be used to diversify your character, but will reduce the power of some of the classes in the game.
Each race has a favored class. They receive no experience penalties when raising levels in this class. Humans and half elves automatically have their starting class as their favored class. As soon as you have two non-favored classes, your experience will be penalized by 20%, if those classes are more than two levels apart. So watch out how you multiclass!
I have mentioned multiclass suggestions for each class below. Please refer to them for more information. I have made sure to consider all abilities, but may have missed a few (there are thousands of ways to make effective characters).
Barbarian The barbarian is a top notch fighting class. They have more hit points then a fighter, and get the ability to go berserk. They make pretty good solo characters, but their inability to wear heavy armor puts them at a disadvantage to fighters.
Barbarians don't have to multiclass to succeed. Taking a level of fighter for the free feats is a good idea (you will get the ability to use heavy armor, as well as another free feat), and doesn't really affect you in the long run. Taking four levels of fighter early in your career will allow you to specialize in your weapon of choice. None of the other classes are very appealing to multiclass with.
Barbarians should raise their mental faculties to 10, their strength to at least 16, and split the rest between dexterity and constitution. Discipline, Taunt, Heal, Spot and Search all good skills for them to put their points in. As for feats, they need Power Attack and Cleave. Heavy Armor Proficiency is good too. Ambidexterity and Two-Weapon Fighting are required for double weapons. Knockdown, Disarm and Dodge are also nice to have.
Bard The bard is not a very exceptional class in my opinion. They are weak fighters and weak spell casters. Their one advantage is their Perform skill, which gives them several stat increases when it is being played.
It is not really worth multiclassing a bard. They can do most things to some extent, so they don't really have a need to flesh themselves out.
Bards need a high charisma, dexterity and intelligence. The rest aren't really needed. The best skills for a bard is Perform, Use Magic Device, Persuade and Open Locks. They can benefit from more skills, but these are the basic ones that they should have. As for feats, the only one that they really need is Skill Focus in Perform. The rest doesn't really matter. Cleric Clerics are masterful healers. They are great characters and have wonderful buff spells. They are a little better in groups, but you can solo the single player game really easy with them, especially since they can wear heavy armor. Taking some combat feats will help make your cleric behave like a fighter. Their Turn Undead ability is useful whenever you have to fight the foul beasts. Large portions of the game are made up of these beasts.
Clerics don't have to multiclass, and doing so can even be a bad idea. You need level 17 to even get the top spells, and each level thereafter gets you more of them. So don't take any other classes to maximize your power.
The fighter is the basic tank in the game. The Third Edition gave the fighter some abilities in the form of feats, and the fighter gets a lot of them! On top of getting regular feats, they also get an extra one every second level.
Feel free to multiclass a fighter any way you want to. Adding a ranger level will add a pair of free feats. Adding a rogue level or three will give you a sneak attack. Any way that you look at it, a fighter is a good base to add any class onto. A pure fighter is a veritable tank!
Fighters are all about strength and constitution. A higher wisdom and dexterity help with saving throws, but those can be helped by taking feats. A fighter needs the Discipline skill, but the rest is basically fluff. A fighter should specialize in a weapon at level 4 (weapon focus is needed before that!), and should get Cleave as soon as possible.
The monk is a specialist in unarmed combat. They get a whole whack of special skills and abilities. They hit harder with their fists than fighters hit with a sword! This is a phenomenal class and should never be multiclassed! The level 20 ability, Perfect Self is too good for that! Playing a monk is a bit difficult for a beginner, but can be a very rewarding experience. They are really hard to begin play with, but become insanely powerful later in the game.
Monks need a 10 charisma and intelligence, and should have the other abilities as high as they can get them. Discipline is the only needed skill, and feats should be chosen to meet your playing style.
The paladin is a holy warrior with many healing spells and abilities at their disposal. The paladin is a champion for good and therefore have to smite evil wherever they go. They have the same equipment proficiencies as a fighter, but less bonus feats.
Being a D&D purist, I would suggest not multiclassing a paladin, but the game doesn't seem to mind it. A few levels as a fighter will definitely help them get some much needed combat feats though.
A paladin's life is a tough one. I suggest starting them as close as you can to the following scheme: 16 strength and charisma, 14 wisdom and constitution, 10 dexterity and intelligence. You can always wait on the wisdom, since they only get the ability to cast divine spells further on in their careers. Combat feats and Discipline is all that they really need to be successful in life.
The ranger is a light fighting class. They specialize in the bow, as well as in the art of two-weapon fighting. They get the feats to do so for free. They wear lighter armor than a fighter and may suffer penalties wearing what they do. I love their animal companions!
The two feats that rangers get at first level make them a nice addition to any other tank class. Rangers would benefit immensely from being a fourth level fighter as well, since they can specialize in the weapons that they use. When coupled with a double weapon or dual-wielding the same weapon, that ability rocks! They don't really lose anything but a fifth favored enemy to do so.
Rangers need a wisdom of 14 (but can wait for it!), and a strength and dexterity scores of 16. The rest doesn't really matter. As for feats, give them bow and melee skills. They will always be able to use those. Skills should be based on how you choose to play your ranger, but Animal Empathy is always nice to have.
==Rogues are wonderfully powerful but very difficult to play! They are a class dependent on sneaking around, but may get a little boring since you are moving too slow. Their Sneak Attack ability lets them do more damage per round than a fighter, but they have to be positioned to do it properly. They make poor tanks, but with healing they can do the job just fine (they have to tank a bit in the single player game). Their one real weakness is apparent when fighting the undead. The undead are immune to Sneak Attacks, and are thus incredibly hard for rogues to solo.
Rogues do quite fine when single classed. They do benefit from a single level of ranger however. At higher levels they get awesome rogue feats like Improved Evasion, Crippling Strike and Slippery Mind. The power of a pure rogue is almost that of a pure monk!
The sorcerer is an untrained user of magic. They have the advantage of being able to cast spells without preparing them beforehand and can cast more of them than a wizard can. Their one drawback is that they don't know many spells, but they can always choose new spells whenever they level up. I would never suggest playing a sorcerer over a wizard since you can rest and prepare spells any time you want. Sorcerers are easier to begin the game with than wizards, but gain power very slowly in comparison.
Never multiclass a sorcerer or wizard. NEVER. Don't heed this advice, if you don't care about maximizing your spell lists.
Sorcerers need a high charisma and dexterity. What you do with the rest of your points is up to you. Concentration is a must, and the only required skill. As for feats, any metamagic is good, as are any passive buff feats like Lightning Reflexes and Toughness.
The wizard is the typical spellcaster that people picture in their minds. They spend their time in seclusion studying their tomes of power. A wizard is a great choice for a starting character, but please be patient with them - they die really easily at lower levels. They get less spells than a sorcerer, but have the ability to learn them all, if they have the scrolls to do so. After fifth level they tend to gain power exponentially. You may choose to specialize in one of the schools of magic. This choice is up to you, but be prepared to always lose access to good spells.
Never multiclass a sorcerer or wizard. NEVER. Don't heed this advice, if you don't care about maximizing your spell lists. The only extra advice I could give here is to start your character as a fighter then switch to a wizard. The ability to wear armor at lower levels (once you deplete your spells for the day) and to have a few fighting skills will help a lot when soloing through the game.
Wizards benefit from a high intelligence, as well as a high dexterity. They have no skill requirements, but for Concentration, and their feat requirements are also easy to fill, since they get a bunch of bonus feats, as well.


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So let's start right away with stuff that we will need to see before we can go on to more advanced things.
So, hopefully yesterday in recitation, you heard a bit about vectors. How many of you actually knew about vectors before that? OK, that's the vast majority.
If you are not one of those people, well, hopefully you'll learn about vectors right now.
I'm sorry that the learning curve will be a bit steeper for the first week. But hopefully, you'll adjust fine. If you have trouble with vectors, do go to your recitation instructor's office hours for extra practice if you feel the need to.
You will see it's pretty easy. So, just to remind you, a vector is a quantity that has both a direction and a magnitude of length.
So -- So, concretely the way you draw a vector is by some arrow, like that, OK?
And so, it has a length, and it's pointing in some direction. And, so, now, the way that we compute things with vectors, typically, as we introduce a coordinate system.
So, if we are in the plane, x-y-axis, if we are in space, x-y-z axis. So, usually I will try to draw my x-y-z axis consistently to look like this.
And then, I can represent my vector in terms of its components along the coordinate axis.
So, that means when I have this row, I can ask, how much does it go in the x direction?
How much does it go in the y direction?
How much does it go in the z direction?
And, so, let's call this a vector A.
So, it's more convention. When we have a vector quantity, we put an arrow on top to remind us that it's a vector.
If it's in the textbook, then sometimes it's in bold because it's easier to typeset. If you've tried in your favorite word processor, bold is easy and vectors are not easy. So, the vector you can try to decompose terms of unit vectors directed along the coordinate axis. So, the convention is there is a vector that we call ***amp***lt;i***amp***gt; hat that points along the x axis and has length one.
There's a vector called ***amp***lt;j***amp***gt; hat that does the same along the y axis, and the ***amp***lt;k***amp***gt; hat that does the same along the z axis.
And, so, we can express any vector in terms of its components. So, the other notation is ***amp***lt;a1, a2, a3 ***amp***gt; between these square brackets. Well, in angular brackets.
So, the length of a vector we denote by, if you want, it's the same notation as the absolute value.
So, that's going to be a number, as we say, now, a scalar quantity. OK, so, a scalar quantity is a usual numerical quantity as opposed to a vector quantity.
And, its direction is sometimes called dir A, and that can be obtained just by scaling the vector down to unit length, for example, by dividing it by its length. So -- Well, there's a lot of notation to be learned. So, for example, if I have two points, P and Q, then I can draw a vector from P to Q. And, that vector is called vector PQ, OK? So, maybe we'll call it A.
But, a vector doesn't really have, necessarily, a starting point and an ending point.
OK, so if I decide to start here and I go by the same distance in the same direction, this is also vector A.
It's the same thing. So, a lot of vectors we'll draw starting at the origin, but we don't have to.
So, let's just check and see how things went in recitation.
So, let's say that I give you the vector ***amp***lt;3,2,1***amp***gt;. And so, what do you think about the length of this vector? OK, I see an answer forming.
So, a lot of you are answering the same thing.
Maybe it shouldn't spoil it for those who haven't given it yet.
OK, I think the overwhelming vote is in favor of answer number two. I see some sixes, I don't know.
That's a perfectly good answer, too, but hopefully in a few minutes it won't be I don't know anymore.
So, let's see. How do we find -- -- the length of a vector three, two, one?
Well, so, this vector, A, it comes towards us along the x axis by three units. It goes to the right along the y axis by two units, and then it goes up by one unit along the z axis. OK, so, it's pointing towards here. That's pretty hard to draw.
So, how do we get its length? Well, maybe we can start with something easier, the length of the vector in the plane. So, observe that A is obtained from a vector, B, in the plane.
Say, B equals three (i) hat plus two (j) hat.
And then, we just have to, still, go up by one unit, OK? So, let me try to draw a picture in this vertical plane that contains A and B.
If I draw it in the vertical plane, so, that's the Z axis, that's not any particular axis, then my vector B will go here, and my vector A will go above it. And here, that's one unit.
And, here I have a right angle. So, I can use the Pythagorean theorem to find that length A^2 equals length B^2 plus one.
Now, we are reduced to finding the length of B.
The length of B, we can again find using the Pythagorean theorem in the XY plane because here we have the right angle. Here we have three units, and here we have two units. OK, so, if you do the calculations, you will see that, well, length of B is square root of (3^2 2^2), that's 13. So, the square root of 13 -- -- and length of A is square root of length B^2 plus one (square it if you want) which is going to be square root of 13 plus one is the square root of 14, hence, answer number two which almost all of you gave. OK, so the general formula, if you follow it with it, in general if we have a vector with components a1, a2, a3, then the length of A is the square root of a1^2 plus a2^2 plus a3^2. OK, any questions about that?
So, in general, we indeed can consider vectors in abstract spaces that have any number of coordinates.
And that you have more components.
In this class, we'll mostly see vectors with two or three components because they are easier to draw, and because a lot of the math that we'll see works exactly the same way whether you have three variables or a million variables. If we had a factor with more components, then we would have a lot of trouble drawing it.
But we could still define its length in the same way, by summing the squares of the components.
So, I'm sorry to say that here, multi-variable, multi will mean mostly two or three.
But, be assured that it works just the same way if you have 10,000 variables. Just, calculations are longer.
OK, more questions? So, what else can we do with vectors? Well, another thing that I'm sure you know how to do with vectors is to add them to scale them. So, vector addition, so, if you have two vectors, A and B, then you can form, their sum, A plus B. How do we do that?
Well, first, I should tell you, vectors, they have this double life.
They are, at the same time, geometric objects that we can draw like this in pictures, and there are also computational objects that we can represent by numbers.
So, every question about vectors will have two answers, one geometric, and one numerical.
OK, so let's start with the geometric.
So, let's say that I have two vectors, A and B, given to me. And, let's say that I thought of drawing them at the same place to start with.
Well, to take the sum, what I should do is actually move B so that it starts at the end of A, at the head of A.
OK, so this is, again, vector B. So, observe, this actually forms, now, a parallelogram, right? So, this side is, again, vector A. And now, if we take the diagonal of that parallelogram, this is what we call A plus B, OK, so, the idea being that to move along A plus B, it's the same as to move first along A and then along B, or, along B, then along A. A plus B equals B plus A.
OK, now, if we do it numerically, then all you do is you just add the first component of A with the first component of B, the second with the second, and the third with the third. OK, say that A was ***amp***lt;a1, a2, a3***amp***gt; B was ***amp***lt;b1, b2, b3***amp***gt;, then you just add this way. OK, so it's pretty straightforward. So, for example, I said that my vector over there, its components are three, two, one. But, I also wrote it as 3i 2j k.
What does that mean? OK, so I need to tell you first about multiplying by a scalar. So, this is about addition.
So, multiplication by a scalar, it's very easy.
If you have a vector, A, then you can form a vector 2A just by making it go twice as far in the same direction.
Or, we can make half A more modestly.
We can even make minus A, and so on.
So now, you see, if I do the calculation, 3i 2j k, well, what does it mean?
3i is just going to go along the x axis, but by distance of three instead of one. And then, 2j goes two units along the y axis, and k goes up by one unit.
Well, if you add these together, you will go from the origin, then along the x axis, then parallel to the y axis, and then up. And, you will end up, indeed, at the endpoint of a vector.
OK, any questions at this point? Yes?
Exactly. To add vectors geometrically, you just put the head of the first vector and the tail of the second vector in the same place. And then, it's head to tail addition. Any other questions?
If you subtract two vectors, that just means you add the opposite of a vector. So, for example, if I wanted to do A minus B, I would first go along A and then along minus B, which would take me somewhere over there, OK? So, A minus B, if you want, would go from here to here.
OK, so hopefully you've kind of seen that stuff either before in your lives, or at least yesterday.
So, I'm going to use that as an excuse to move quickly forward.
So, now we are going to learn a few more operations about vectors. And, these operations will be useful to us when we start trying to do a bit of geometry.
So, of course, you've all done some geometry.
But, we are going to see that geometry can be done using vectors. And, in many ways, it's the right language for that, and in particular when we learn about functions we really will want to use vectors more than, maybe, the other kind of geometry that you've seen before.
I mean, of course, it's just a language in a way.
I mean, we are just reformulating things that you have seen, you already know since childhood.
But, you will see that notation somehow helps to make it more straightforward. So, what is dot product?
Well, dot product as a way of multiplying two vectors to get a number, a scalar. And, well, let me start by giving you a definition in terms of components.
What we do, let's say that we have a vector, A, with components a1, a2, a3, vector B with components b1, b2, b3.
Well, we multiply the first components by the first components, the second by the second, the third by the third.
If you have N components, you keep going.
And, you sum all of these together.
OK, and important: this is a scalar.
OK, you do not get a vector. You get a number.
I know it sounds completely obvious from the definition here, but in the middle of the action when you're going to do complicated problems, it's sometimes easy to forget. So, that's the definition.
What is it good for? Why would we ever want to do that? That's kind of a strange operation. So, probably to see what it's good for, I should first tell you what it is geometrically.
OK, so what does it do geometrically?
Well, what you do when you multiply two vectors in this way, I claim the answer is equal to the length of A times the length of B times the cosine of the angle between them. So, I have my vector, A, and if I have my vector, B, and I have some angle between them, I multiply the length of A times the length of B times the cosine of that angle.
So, that looks like a very artificial operation.
I mean, why would want to do that complicated multiplication?
Well, the basic answer is it tells us at the same time about lengths and about angles. And, the extra bonus thing is that it's very easy to compute if you have components, see, that formula is actually pretty easy.
So, OK, maybe I should first tell you, how do we get this from that? Because, you know, in math, one tries to justify everything to prove theorems.
So, if you want, that's the theorem.
That's the first theorem in 18.02.
So, how do we prove the theorem? How do we check that this is, indeed, correct using this definition?
So, in more common language, what does this geometric definition mean? Well, the first thing it means, before we multiply two vectors, let's start multiplying a vector with itself. That's probably easier.
So, if we multiply a vector, A, with itself, using this dot product, so, by the way, I should point out, we put this dot here.
That's why it's called dot product.
So, what this tells us is we should get the same thing as multiplying the length of A with itself, so, squared, times the cosine of the angle. But now, the cosine of an angle, of zero, cosine of zero you all know is one. OK, so that's going to be length A^2. Well, doesn't stand a chance of being true? Well, let's see.
If we do AdotA using this formula, we will get a1^2 a2^2 a3^2. That is, indeed, the square of the length. So, check.
That works. OK, now, what about two different vectors? Can we understand what this says, and how it relates to that?
So, let's say that I have two different vectors, A and B, and I want to try to understand what's going on.
So, my claim is that we are going to be able to understand the relation between this and that in terms of the law of cosines. So, the law of cosines is something that tells you about the length of the third side in the triangle like this in terms of these two sides, and the angle here. OK, so the law of cosines, which hopefully you have seen before, says that, so let me give a name to this side.
Let's call this side C, and as a vector, C is A minus B. It's minus B plus A.
So, it's getting a bit cluttered here.
So, the law of cosines says that the length of the third side in this triangle is equal to length A2 plus length B2.
Well, if I stopped here, that would be Pythagoras, but I don't have a right angle. So, I have a third term which is twice length A, length B, cosine theta, OK? Has everyone seen this formula sometime? I hear some yeah's.
I hear some no's. Well, it's a fact about, I mean, you probably haven't seen it with vectors, but it's a fact about the side lengths in a triangle.
And, well, let's say, if you haven't seen it before, then this is going to be a proof of the law of cosines if you believe this. Otherwise, it's the other way around. So, let's try to see how this relates to what I'm saying about the dot product.
So, I've been saying that length C^2, that's the same thing as CdotC, OK?
That, we have checked. Now, CdotC, well, C is A minus B. So, it's A minus B, dot product, A minus B.
Now, what do we want to do in a situation like that?
Well, we want to expand this into a sum of four terms.
Are we allowed to do that? Well, we have this dot product that's a mysterious new operation.
We don't really know. Well, the answer is yes, we can do it. You can check from this definition that it behaves in the usual way in terms of expanding, vectoring, and so on.
So, I can write that as AdotA minus AdotB minus BdotA plus BdotB. So, AdotA is length A^2.
Let me jump ahead to the last term.
BdotB is length B^2, and then these two terms, well, they're the same. You can check from the definition that AdotB and BdotA are the same thing.
Well, you see that this term, I mean, this is the only difference between these two formulas for the length of C.
So, if you believe in the law of cosines, then it tells you that, yes, this a proof that AdotB equals length A length B cosine theta. Or, vice versa, if you've never seen the law of cosines, you are willing to believe this. Then, this is the proof of the law of cosines. So, the law of cosines, or this interpretation, are equivalent to each other.
So, in the second one there isn't a cosine theta because I'm just expanding a dot product. OK, so I'm just writing C equals A minus B, and then I'm expanding this algebraically. And then, I get to an answer that has an A.B. So then, if I wanted to express that without a dot product, then I would have to introduce a cosine. And, I would get the same as that, OK? So, yeah, if you want, the next step to recall the law of cosines would be plug in this formula for AdotB. And then you would have a cosine. OK, let's keep going.
OK, so what is this good for? Now that we have a definition, we should figure out what we can do with it.
So, what are the applications of dot product?
Well, will this discover new applications of dot product throughout the entire semester,but let me tell you at least about those that are readily visible.
So, one is to compute lengths and angles, especially angles.
So, let's do an example. Let's say that, for example, I have in space, I have a point, P, which is at (1,0,0).
I have a point, Q, which is at (0,1,0).
So, it's at distance one here, one here.
And, I have a third point, R at (0,0,2), so it's at height two. And, let's say that I'm curious, and I'm wondering what is the angle here?
So, here I have a triangle in space connect P, Q, and R, and I'm wondering, what is this angle here?
OK, so, of course, one solution is to build a model and then go and measure the angle.
But, we can do better than that. We can just find the angle using dot product. So, how would we do that?
Well, so, if we look at this formula, we see, so, let's say that we want to find the angle here.
Well, let's look at the formula for PQdotPR.
Well, we said it should be length PQ times length PR times the cosine of the angle, OK?
Now, what do we know, and what do we not know?
Well, certainly at this point we don't know the cosine of the angle. That's what we would like to find. The lengths, certainly we can compute. We know how to find these lengths. And, this dot product we know how to compute because we have an easy formula here.
OK, so we can compute everything else and then find theta. So, I'll tell you what we will do is we will find theta -- -- in this way.
We'll take the dot product of PQ with PR, and then we'll divide by the lengths.
OK, so let's see. So, we said cosine theta is PQdotPR over length PQ length PR.
So, let's try to figure out what this vector, PQ, well, to go from P to Q, I should go minus one unit along the x direction plus one unit along the y direction. And, I'm not moving in the z direction. So, to go from P to Q, I have to move by ***amp***lt;-1,1,0***amp***gt;.
To go from P to R, I go -1 along the x axis and 2 along the z axis. So, PR, I claim, is this.
OK, then, the lengths of these vectors, well,(-1)^2 (1)^2 (0)^2, square root, and then same thing with the other one. OK, so, the denominator will become the square root of 2, and there's a square root of 5.
What about the numerator? Well, so, remember, to do the dot product, we multiply this by this, and that by that, that by that.
And, we add. Minus 1 times minus 1 makes 1 plus 1 times 0, that's 0.
Zero times 2 is 0 again. So, we will get 1 over square root of 10. That's the cosine of the angle.
And, of course if we want the actual angle, well, we have to take a calculator, find the inverse cosine, and you'll find it's about 71.5°.
Actually, we'll be using mostly radians, but for today, that's certainly more speaking. OK, any questions about that?
No? OK, so in particular, I should point out one thing that's really neat about the answer. I mean, we got this number.
We don't really know what it means exactly because it mixes together the lengths and the angle.
But, one thing that's interesting here, it's the sign of the answer, the fact that we got a positive number. So, if you think about it, the lengths are always positive.
So, the sign of a dot product is the same as a sign of cosine theta. So, in fact, the sign of AdotB is going to be positive if the angle is less than 90°. So, that means geometrically, my two vectors are going more or less in the same direction.
They make an acute angle. It's going to be zero if the angle is exactly 90°, OK, because that's when the cosine will be zero. And, it will be negative if the angle is more than 90°. So, that means they go, however, in opposite directions.
So, that's basically one way to think about what dot product measures. It measures how much the two vectors are going along each other.
OK, and that actually leads us to the next application.
So, let's see, did I have a number one there?
Yes. So, if I had a number one, I must have number two. The second application is to detect orthogonality. It's to figure out when two things are perpendicular. OK, so orthogonality is just a complicated word from Greek to say things are perpendicular.
So, let's just take an example. Let's say I give you the equation x 2y 3z = 0. OK, so that defines a certain set of points in space, and what do you think the set of solutions look like if I give you this equation?
So, I should say, this is the equation of a plane. So, there's many ways to see that, and I'm not going to give you all of them.
But, here's one way to think about it.
So, let's think geometrically about how to express this condition in terms of vectors. So, let's take the origin O, by convention is the point (0,0,0).
And, let's take a point, P, that will satisfy this equation on it, so, at coordinates x, y, z. So, what does this condition here mean? Well, it means the following thing. So, let's take the vector, OP.
OK, so vector OP, of course, has components x, y, z. Now, we can think of this as actually a dot product between OP and a mysterious vector that won't remain mysterious for very long, namely, the vector one, two, three.
OK, so, this condition is the same as OP.A equals zero, right? If I take the dot product OPdotA I get x times one plus y times two plus z times three.
But now, what does it mean that the dot product between OP and A is zero? Well, it means that OP and A are perpendicular. OK, so I have this vector, A.
I'm not going to be able to draw it realistically.
Let's say it goes this way. Then, a point, P, solves this equation exactly when the vector from O to P is perpendicular to A. And, I claim that defines a plane. For example, if it helps you to see it, take a vertical vector.
What does it mean to be perpendicular to the vertical vector? It means you are horizontal.
It's the horizontal plane. Here, it's a plane that passes through the origin and is perpendicular to this vector, A. OK, so what we get is a plane through the origin perpendicular to A.
And, in general, what you should remember is that two vectors have a dot product equal to zero if and only if that's equivalent to the cosine of the angle between them is zero. That means the angle is 90°.
That means A and B are perpendicular.
So, we have a very fast way of checking whether two vectors are perpendicular. So, one additional application I think we'll see actually tomorrow is to find the components of a vector along a certain direction.
So, I claim we can use this intuition I gave about dot product telling us how much to vectors go in the same direction to actually give a precise meaning to the notion of component for vector, not just along the x, y, or z axis, but along any direction in space. So, I think I should probably stop here. But, I will see you tomorrow at 2:00 here, and we'll learn more about that and about cross products.


text:
package org.apache.spark.sql.hive

import org.apache.spark.sql._
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.CarbonTableIdentifierImplicit
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.analysis.{UnresolvedAlias, UnresolvedAttribute, UnresolvedFunction, UnresolvedRelation, UnresolvedStar}
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.expressions.{Alias, Attribute, Cast, NamedExpression}
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.Inner
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.plans.logical._
import org.apache.spark.sql.catalyst.rules._
import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.{ProjectExec, SparkSqlParser, SubqueryExec}
import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.command.ProjectForDeleteCommand
import org.apache.spark.sql.execution.datasources.LogicalRelation

import org.apache.carbondata.core.constants.CarbonCommonConstants

/**
 * Insert into carbon table from other source
 */
object CarbonPreInsertionCasts extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {
  def apply(plan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = {
    plan.transform {
      // Wait until children are resolved.
      case p: LogicalPlan if !p.childrenResolved => p

      case p@InsertIntoTable(relation: LogicalRelation, _, child, _, _)
        if relation.relation.isInstanceOf[CarbonDatasourceHadoopRelation] =>
        castChildOutput(p, relation.relation.asInstanceOf[CarbonDatasourceHadoopRelation], child)
    }
  }

  def castChildOutput(p: InsertIntoTable,
      relation: CarbonDatasourceHadoopRelation,
      child: LogicalPlan)
  : LogicalPlan = {
    if (relation.carbonRelation.output.size > CarbonCommonConstants
      .DEFAULT_MAX_NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS) {
      sys
        .error("Maximum supported column by carbon is:" + CarbonCommonConstants
          .DEFAULT_MAX_NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS
        )
    }
    if (child.output.size >= relation.carbonRelation.output.size) {
      val newChildOutput = child.output.zipWithIndex.map { columnWithIndex =>
        columnWithIndex._1 match {
          case attr: Alias =>
            Alias(attr.child, s"col${ columnWithIndex._2 }")(attr.exprId)
          case attr: Attribute =>
            Alias(attr, s"col${ columnWithIndex._2 }")(NamedExpression.newExprId)
          case attr => attr
        }
      }
      val newChild: LogicalPlan = if (newChildOutput == child.output) {
        p.child
      } else {
        Project(newChildOutput, child)
      }
      InsertIntoCarbonTable(relation, p.partition, newChild, p.overwrite, p.ifNotExists)
    } else {
      sys.error("Cannot insert into target table because column number are different")
    }
  }
}

case class CarbonIUDAnalysisRule(sparkSession: SparkSession) extends Rule[LogicalPlan] {

  private val parser = new SparkSqlParser(sparkSession.sessionState.conf)

  private def processUpdateQuery(
      table: UnresolvedRelation,
      columns: List[String],
      selectStmt: String,
      filter: String): LogicalPlan = {
    var includedDestColumns = false
    var includedDestRelation = false
    var addedTupleId = false

    def prepareTargetReleation(relation: UnresolvedRelation): SubqueryAlias = {
      val tupleId = UnresolvedAlias(Alias(UnresolvedFunction("getTupleId",
        Seq.empty, isDistinct = false), "tupleId")())
      val projList = Seq(
        UnresolvedAlias(UnresolvedStar(Option(table.alias.toSeq))), tupleId)
      // include tuple id and rest of the required columns in subqury
      SubqueryAlias(table.alias.getOrElse(""),
        Project(projList, relation), Option(table.tableIdentifier))
    }
    // get the un-analyzed logical plan
    val targetTable = prepareTargetReleation(table)
    val selectPlan = parser.parsePlan(selectStmt) transform {
      case Project(projectList, child) if !includedDestColumns =>
        includedDestColumns = true
        if (projectList.size != columns.size) {
          sys.error("Number of source and destination columns are not matching")
        }
        val renamedProjectList = projectList.zip(columns).map{ case(attr, col) =>
          attr match {
            case UnresolvedAlias(child22, _) =>
              UnresolvedAlias(Alias(child22, col + "-updatedColumn")())
            case UnresolvedAttribute(param) =>
              UnresolvedAlias(Alias(attr, col + "-updatedColumn")())
             // UnresolvedAttribute(col + "-updatedColumn")
//              UnresolvedAlias(Alias(child, col + "-updatedColumn")())
            case _ => attr
          }
        }
        val list = Seq(
          UnresolvedAlias(UnresolvedStar(Option(table.alias.toSeq)))) ++ renamedProjectList
        Project(list, child)
      case Filter(cond, child) if !includedDestRelation =>
        includedDestRelation = true
        Filter(cond, Join(child, targetTable, Inner, None))
      case r @ UnresolvedRelation(t, a) if !includedDestRelation && t != table.tableIdentifier =>
        includedDestRelation = true
        Join(r, targetTable, Inner, None)
    }
    val updatedSelectPlan : LogicalPlan = if (!includedDestRelation) {
      // special case to handle self join queries
      // Eg. update tableName  SET (column1) = (column1+1)
      selectPlan transform {
        case relation: UnresolvedRelation
          if table.tableIdentifier == relation.tableIdentifier && !addedTupleId =>
          addedTupleId = true
          targetTable
      }
    } else {
      selectPlan
    }
    val finalPlan = if (filter.length > 0) {
      val alias = table.alias.getOrElse("")
      var transformed: Boolean = false
      // Create a dummy projection to include filter conditions
      var newPlan: LogicalPlan = null
      if (table.tableIdentifier.database.isDefined) {
        newPlan = parser.parsePlan("select * from  " +
           table.tableIdentifier.database.getOrElse("") + "." +
           table.tableIdentifier.table + " " + alias + " " + filter)
      }
      else {
        newPlan = parser.parsePlan("select * from  " +
           table.tableIdentifier.table + " " + alias + " " + filter)
      }
      newPlan transform {
        case UnresolvedRelation(t, Some(a))
          if !transformed && t == table.tableIdentifier && a == alias =>
          transformed = true
          // Add the filter condition of update statement  on destination table
          SubqueryAlias(alias, updatedSelectPlan, Option(table.tableIdentifier))
      }
    } else {
      updatedSelectPlan
    }
    val tid = CarbonTableIdentifierImplicit.toTableIdentifier(Seq(table.tableIdentifier.toString()))
    val tidSeq = Seq(getDB.getDatabaseName(tid.database, sparkSession))
    val destinationTable = UnresolvedRelation(table.tableIdentifier, table.alias)
    ProjectForUpdate(destinationTable, columns, Seq(finalPlan))
  }

  def processDeleteRecordsQuery(selectStmt: String, table: UnresolvedRelation): LogicalPlan = {
   val tidSeq = Seq(getDB.getDatabaseName(table.tableIdentifier.database, sparkSession),
     table.tableIdentifier.table)
    var addedTupleId = false
    val parsePlan = parser.parsePlan(selectStmt)
    val selectPlan = parsePlan transform {
      case relation: UnresolvedRelation
        if table.tableIdentifier == relation.tableIdentifier && !addedTupleId =>
        addedTupleId = true
        val tupleId = UnresolvedAlias(Alias(UnresolvedFunction("getTupleId",
          Seq.empty, isDistinct = false), "tupleId")())
        val alias = table.alias match {
          case Some(alias) => Some(table.alias.toSeq)
          case _ => None
        }
        val projList = Seq(
          UnresolvedAlias(UnresolvedStar(alias)), tupleId)
        // include tuple id in subqury
        Project(projList, relation)
    }
    ProjectForDeleteCommand(
      selectPlan,
      tidSeq,
      System.currentTimeMillis().toString)
  }

  override def apply(logicalplan: LogicalPlan): LogicalPlan = {

    logicalplan transform {
      case UpdateTable(t, cols, sel, where) => processUpdateQuery(t, cols, sel, where)
      case DeleteRecords(statement, table) => processDeleteRecordsQuery(statement, table)
    }
  }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Reservation Time: Your reservation time includes all setup and teardown.
must be presented to PARKS upon request.
6464) during normal business hours (M-F, 8:00-4:30) or the Portland PoliceDepartment (325-3434) outside of normal business hours.
PARKS will make every effort to advise the USER of any anticipated issues.
ior approval from the PARKS.
less than 7 days notice.
th the terms of a cancellation.
l users of said facilities will abide by all rules and regulations.
agents, members or representatives. USER will report all injuries in writing within 24 hours.
agreed to indemnify the CITY.
agreement, and to replace and to repair any equipment of furnishings so damaged.
facility to a clean and orderly condition.
or to cancel or reschedule this agreement with just cause.


text:
PREP CHATTER: Sabrina Santamaria takes silver…
PREP CHATTER: Sabrina Santamaria takes silver in World University Games tennis
PUBLISHED: July 16, 2013 at 12:00 a.m. | UPDATED: August 28, 2017 at 8:08 a.m.
Sabrina Santamaria was on the verge of one of the most humbling losses in her tennis career Tuesday in the World University Games final in Kazan, Russia.
Then the Campbell Hall graduate almost pulled off one of the greatest comebacks in tournament history, nearly forcing a deciding set against Japan's Sachie Ishizu.
Although the USC star rallied from a one-set deficit and a five-game hole in the second to win five consecutive games, Santamaria's inspired rally came up short, as Ishizu regrouped in time to win the gold medal with a 6-2, 7-5 victory.
Santamaria was trying to become the first American female to win a World University Games singles gold medal since Gigi Fernandez since 1983.
Her silver medal was the best result by a U.S. female since 1995.
Nerves got the best of Santamaria in the first set as her serve was broken in the opening game, with Ishizu – ranked No. 217 in the world – breaking again on her way to building a 4-0 lead.
Although Santamaria held serve facing a 5-1 deficit to force Ishizu to serve out the set, it turned out to be the start of a six-game run for the Japanese star, who didn't drop a set in six tournament matches.
Trailing 5-0 in the second, Santamaria finally broke Ishizu – her first of three break points converted – to begin the improbable five-game run.
Santamaria had her serve broken in the 11th game and Ishizu served it out to secure Japan's first World University Games women's singles gold medal since Kaoru Shibata in 1995.
Locals win section titles
Sherman Oaks' 12-under Little League all-star baseball team defeated Burbank 8-0 and the Crescenta Valley/Foothill/Burbank 14-under all-star softball team posted a 12-1 win over West Lancaster to capture Section 2 titles Tuesday at Montrose Park.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Bruno Manuel Pires Silva, né le  à Redondo, est un coureur cycliste portugais. Professionnel de 2002 à 2016, il a notamment été champion du Portugal en 2006.

Biographie

Fin 2015 il quitte la formation Tinkoff-Saxo et rejoint pour deux ans l'équipe continentale professionnelle suisse Roth-Škoda.

Palmarès
 2006
  Champion du Portugal sur route
 Tour de Trás-os-Montes et Haut Douro :
 Classement général

  du Trophée Joaquim-Agostinho
 2007
  du Tour de l'Alentejo
  du Grande Prémio Internacional Paredes Rota dos Móveis
  du Grande Prémio Internacional Paredes Rota dos Móveis
 2008
  du Tour de l'Alentejo
  de la Prueba Villafranca de Ordizia
  du Tour des Asturies
 2009
  du Tour du Brésil-Tour de l'État de Sao Paulo
 2010
  du Tour de l'Alentejo

Résultats sur les grands tours

Tour d'Italie
2 participations
 2011 : non-partant () (à la suite du décès de Wouter Weylandt lors de la )
 2013 :

Tour d'Espagne
1 participation
 2012 :

Classements mondiaux

Légende : nc = non classé

Notes et références

Notes

Références

Liens externes

Coureur cycliste portugais
Naissance en mai 1981
Naissance en Alentejo

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


I had the opportunity to take photos of jacob, owen + lucia, again. This year we went to a little park in northbrook. Its been so fun to watch these little ones grow. Espceially lucia- who was just three months old when we did photos last year!
A few weeks ago I met this lovely family at the Grove in Glenview to take some photos. It was the perfect autumn day for a family session!
I had a great time running around the chicago botanic gardens with little mr. nate and his moms and dads! I even learned a few good knock-knock jokes.
Say it out loud. Yep. My kind of humor. My kind of client. Good times!


It dissolves in ethyl alcohol, ether and chloroform , but hard to dissolve in benzene. It almost insolnble in cold water.
Appearance: White to grayish powder.
To make products such as fluorescent brighteners OB, MN, EFT, ER, ERM, etc.


ASHLEE SIMPSON-WENTZ and her rocker husband PETE WENTZ have become parents for the first time after welcoming a baby boy.
The pop star, 24, gave birth to son, BRONX MOWGLI WENTZ on Thursday night at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles.
The baby weighed in at seven pounds, 11 ounces (3.23 kilograms).
A spokesperson for the couple tells People.com, "Ashlee, Pete and baby Bronx are all healthy and happy, and thank everyone for their well wishes!"
Ashlee and the Fall Out Boy bassist, 29, announced the pregnancy in May - just a few weeks after they were married in an intimate ceremony at her parents' Los Angeles home.
And according to Ash's parents the coupe are already showing signs of great parenting.
Joe and Tina Simpson say in a statement, "We are happy beyond words and incredibly proud of Ashlee and Pete.
"They are unbelievable parents already, and we can't wait to spend Bronx's first holidays together with the whole family. We are truly blessed."
And the Fall Out Boy bassist's parents are equally excited - revealing the newborn is quickly showing similarities to his mum and dad.
Pete Sr. and Dale Wentz add, "We're thrilled. (Bronx) stayed up late the first night, smiling at everyone who came into the room. He already seems to have the independence and charm of both of his parents."


text:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<shape xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" >
    <solid android:color="@color/capture_view_banner_bg"/>
</shape>


text:
Q: Data Factory Dynamic Content in REST API Call I'm making an API call, where once I'm authorised I have to use a security token as part of subsequent calls. I'm using the variable "SecurityToken" to store the token.
Also as part of the call I need to pass a date parameter, which is the date from 14 days ago in YYYY-MM-DD format.
I've built this formula but it will not run, it stops the whole pipeline from running
Dynamic Content:
@concat('https://MyAPIUrl/api/daily/UK?key=',variables('SecurityToken'),'&date=formatDateTime(addDays(utcnow(),-14),'yyyy-MM-dd')'&currency_type=GBP&use_website_rounding=FALSE')
Error:
{"code":"BadRequest","message":null,"target":"pipeline//runid/8990bb14-27f8-43e5-b7c0-1741204ff645","details":null,"error":null}

A: Can you try this
@concat('https://MyAPIUrl/api/daily/UK?key=',variables('SecurityToken'),'&date=',formatDateTime(addDays(utcnow(),-14),'yyyy-MM-dd'),'&currency_type=GBP&use_website_rounding=FALSE')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Modern Berlin - capital of Germany - is a huge multimillion metropolis, multifaceted, with its architecture and history so removed from other cities and capitals. Indeed it is one of the most beautiful cities in the country.
Berlin has a status of Federal Land, during its history it was a capital of five countries - Brandenburg, Prussia, German Reich, DDR and Germany now. There not so many cities in the world with such an extraordinary history.
In the same time Berlin is quite a young city. It was founded in 1237 on river Spree. It had been growing rapidly, uniting new settlements on its edges. A town with amazing fortune, it changed its roles on historical path, turning from a big trade place into military and then industrial, scientific and cultural center. Walking on its streets you can learn European history. On the age of Enlightenment and XVII century reminds magnificent castle of Charlottenburg, Brandenburg Gate, Neue-Wache building and queer Zeughause. XIX century with its industrial revolution and raise of population left Red City Hall, Reichstag Building and Berliner Dom.
Nowadays Berlin is one of the most popular touristic cities of Germany. It is in the list of ten most popular tourist attractions in the world, and there are many good reasons why: here situated lots of sights to see, such as historical buildings and monuments, unique and wide museum exhibitions, ancient castles, large green parks and by the way there are lots of free places to see in Berlin too. Among the most popular and big parks are huge Tiergarten, secluded Treptower Park, Botanical Garden and Zoo.
After the 2nd World War Berlin was divided in two - Western and Eastern parts and after uniting in 1991 it still has two historical centers. Area of Berlin-Mitte with such streets as Unter-den-Linden, Friedrichstrasse, Alexanderplatz - is a center of Eastern Berlin. Charlottenburg, Kurfurstendamm and stations of a city-train (S-bahn) ZoologischeGarten - is a center of Western Berlin. Remains of sadly known Berlin Wall have become a symbol of freedom and well-attended touristic places in the same time - checkpoint Charley, Berlin Wall Memorial and Documentation Center, DDR Museum and so on. You can easily find these visitor attractions on Berlin street map on our site.
Nowadays Berlin with population of 3,5 million people is the most populated city in Europe after London. It lives an active and vibrant life being a successful business and cultural center. Painting, sculpture, design, photography, fashion and other fine arts can be found not just in Berlin museums but right on the streets. For classical masterpieces go to Museum Island, you can spend the whole day there, but a day won't be enough to see all the exhibitions in all museums properly. There are 5 main visiting places: Old Museum, New Museum, Old National Gallery, Bode Museum, and Pergamon Museum. Museum Island of Berlin is on the list of UNESCO World Heritage.
Modern art is also popular and there are many places of interest that you can see for free in Berlin. East Side Gallery is a part of Berlin Wall and not a long time ago it turned into an art gallery under an open sky. And in Prenzlauer-Berg you can see many creative workshops, art studios, modern and experimental theatres.
Another reason why Berlin attracts so many tourists and especially young people is its club life. Sometimes it is even called a Club Capital and not in vain. In areas of Kreuzberg, Friedrichshainand Prenzlauer-Berg one can find lots of stylish clubs with affordable prices, sometimes no dress-code and however the best DJs sets.
After visiting Berlin once you would definitely fall in love with this city and will come back over again!
How can you rate Berlin?


text:
'Severe delays' after M62 collision near Lofthouse
M62.
John Blow
Emergency services rushed to the M62 after a collision.
They were called to the eastbound carriageway of the motorway close to the M1 near Lofthouse this afternoon.
Three lanes were closed at around 3pm amid reports that two lorries had collided.
A statement by Highways England said: "There are severe delays on the M62 eastbound in West Yorkshire, due to a traffic collision closing 3 lanes between J29 (M1, Lofthouse Interchange) and J30 (A642, Wakefield).
"West Yorkshire Police are on scene, along with fire and ambulance services, and our Highways England Traffic Officers. This has resulted in severe delays on the M62 approach back towards J27 (M621, A650, Gildersome).
Road users are advised to allow extra time for their journeys, and consider alternative routes where possible.
West Yorkshire Police spokesperson said it is believed that a collision occurred, possibly between two vehicles, but that nobody is thought to be hurt.
However the force's roads policing unit described it as a "serious collision" on Twitter.
Bus company Arriva Yorkshire said the disruption could mean delays on its 187, 188, 189 services.
Plans for 140 homes near Normanton Station approved
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text:
Author: Hodges
22 matching references were found.
Weber, H.A.; Hodges, A.E.; Guthrie, J.R.; O'Brien, B.M.; Robaugh, D.; Clark, A.P.; Harris, R.K.; Algaier, J.W.; Smith, C.S., Comparison of proanthocyanidins in commercial antioxidants: grape seed and pine bark extracts, J. Agric. Food Chem., 2007, 55, 1, 148-156, https://doi.org/10.1021/jf063150n . [all data]
Watson, G.M.; Stevens, A.B.; Evans, R.B.; Hodges, D., Compressibility factors of nitrogen + propane mixtures in the gas phase, Ind. Eng. Chem., 1954, 46, 362. [all data]
Bowling, N.P.; Halter, R.J.; Hodges, J.A.; Seburg, R.A.; Thomas, P.S.; Simmons, C.S.; Stanton, J.F.; McMahon, R.J., Reactive Carbon-Chain Molecules: Synthesis of 1-Diazo-2,4-pentadiyne and Spectroscopic Characterization of Triplet Pentadiynylidene (H-C«8942»C-C-C«8942»C-H), J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2006, 128, 10, 3291, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja058252t . [all data]
Hodges, J.A.; McMahon, R.J.; Sattelmeyer, K.W.; Stanton, J.F., Electronic Spectrum of Propadienylidene (H, Astrophys. J., 2000, 544, 2, 838, https://doi.org/10.1086/317251 . [all data]
Stanton, J.F.; DePinto, J.T.; Seburg, R.A.; Hodges, J.A.; McMahon, R.J., Electronic Spectrum of Propadienylidene (H, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1997, 119, 2, 429, https://doi.org/10.1021/ja961900b . [all data]
Richards, T.W.; Bartlett, E.P.; Hodges, J.H., The compressibility of benzene, liquid and solid, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1921, 43, 1538-42. [all data]
Hodges, K.C.; La Mer, V.K., Solvent Effects on the Quenching of the Fluorescence of Uranin by Aniline, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1948, 70, 722-726. [all data]
Burdett, J.K.; Hodges, L.; Dunning, V.; Current, J.H., Infrared studies of the matrix isolated photolysis products of PF2H and P2F4 and the thermal decomposition products of P2F4, J. Phys. Chem., 1970, 74, 23, 4053, https://doi.org/10.1021/j100717a008 . [all data]
Costigan, M.J.; Hodges, L.J.; Marsh, K.N.; Stokes, R.H.; Tuxford, C.W., The isothermal displacement calorimeter: design modifications for measuring exothermic enthalpies of mixing., Aust. J. Chem., 1980, 33, 2103. [all data]
Ashworth, S.H.; Hodges, P.J.; Brown, J.M., The detection of the electronic spectrum of FeCl2 in the gas phase, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2002, 4, 24, 5923, https://doi.org/10.1039/b209523h . [all data]
Hodges, P.J.; Ashworth, S.H.; Beattie, I.R.; Brown, J.M., Dispersed fluorescence spectroscopy of jet-cooled FeCl2: A determination of ground-state vibrational parameters, Chem. Phys. Lett., 2006, 422, 1-3, 160, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2006.02.044 . [all data]
Hodges, P.J.; Brown, J.M.; Ashworth, S.H., Rotational and vibrational structure in the 288nm band system of the FeCl2 radical, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2006, 237, 2, 205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2006.03.014 . [all data]
Hodges, P.J.; Brown, J.M.; Ashworth, S.H., The observation of hot bands in the 288nm system of the FeCl2 radical, J. Mol. Spectrosc., 2006, 240, 2, 265, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jms.2006.10.006 . [all data]
Hodges, P.J.; Brown, J.M.; Varberg, T.D., The ultraviolet spectrum of the CoCl[sub 2] radical, studied at vibrational and rotational resolution, J. Chem. Phys., 2006, 124, 20, 204302, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2188937 . [all data]
Hodges, P.J.; Ross, A.J.; Crozet, P.; Salami, H.; Brown, J.M., On the spin-orbit splitting of CuCl[sub 2] in its [sup 2]«PI»[sub g] ground state, J. Chem. Phys., 2007, 127, 2, 024309, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2747239 . [all data]
Armentrout, P.; Hodges, R.; Beauchamp, J.L., Metal atoms as superbases: The gas phase proton affinity of uranium, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1977, 99, 3162. [all data]
Hodges, R.J.; Burch, R.J., The equilibrium distribution of methane between the liquid and vapour phases of oxygen, Cryogenics, 1967, 7, 112. [all data]
Hodges, R.V.; Houle, F.A.; Beauchamp, J.L.; Montag, R.A.; Verkade, J.G., Effects of molecular structure on basicity. Gas phase proton affinities of cyclic phosphites, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 932. [all data]
Hodges, R.V.; McDonnell, T.J.; Beauchamp, J.L., Properties reactions of trimethyl phosphite, trimethyl phosphate, triethyl phosphate, and trimethyl phosphorothionate by ion cyclotron resonance spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 1327. [all data]
Hodges, R.V.; Sullivan, S.A.; Beauchamp, J.L., Nucleophilic reactions of anions with trimethyl phosphate in the gas phase by ICR spectroscopy, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1980, 102, 935. [all data]
Hodges, R.V.; Beauchamp, J.L.; Ashe, A.J., III; Chan, W.-T., Proton affinities of pyridine, phosphabenzene and arsabenzene, Organometallics, 1985, 4, 457. [all data]
Hodges, R.V.; Vanderhoff, J.A., Photodestruction of ions containing sulfur dioxide, J. Chem. Phys., 1980, 72, 6, 3517, https://doi.org/10.1063/1.439603 . [all data]


Game of Thrones fans will love this new wall sconce inspired by the mythical creatures on the show.
Martin and I are both avid viewers of this series and while the show may have its critics, we both really enjoy the fantasy world that has been created. In particular, we love the dragons. We have watched them from their immersion as eggs into the pit of a fire in order to hatch to their development into powerful and lethal fiery predators.
The sconce was inspired by those eggs and features a gourd-like shape similar to our new floral wall sconce. In the case of the dragon egg sconce, Martin carved out sections to give it the feeling of membrane and coral.
We will be introducing this new Dragon Egg sconce at the upcoming 2015 HD Expo being held at the Mandalay Bay in Las Vegas Nevada beginning on May 13th and continuing through May 15th. You can see this stunning light fixture in person by visiting our booth #2277 located in the Exhibitors Hall.
and will be available in steel, as shown, or in bronze.
To view our entire collection of lighting and architectural hardware please visit our site at http://www.martinpierce.com.
they won't know what size of dumpster they require.


Sifu Al Perhacs has been training in the esoteric arts for over 20 years. He started out as a martial artist and quickly moved to the internal side of training. He has written over 20 different courses of study and currently has 5 best selling books. He is the Author, Creator and Visionary behind the Mind Force Method.
This short 5 minute meditation will prepare you for your day or any time you need to ramp up your chi.
This exercise should be done for a minimum of 21-30 days or until it is second nature and you can conjure up the Mind Force & Qi Power as described on the Audio File.
Mind Force which is the mental power you possess and the other is your Qi energy.
Open your eyes and keep them un-focused….
This is in fact the real pineal gland in the center of your head…It is a control center and is the center of your being.
Feel it pulse… A gentle pulse that causes you to feel really happy and at the same time powerful.
Imagine this mind force energy pushing out from inside your head to around your head like a halo.
This is your mind force helmet and it can be used throughout your day to attract to you what you need when you need it.
Now focus on your qi point…This is a focus of power. Some call it the Dantien. This is your phsical center of your power.
Now take that pulse and imagine it dropping to the ground and the second it hits the ground it explodes back up with a wonderful blissful energy that fills your entire body with quality qi energy….
Using a blank wall stare at the blank wall.
Please Note: The Video Quality of This Video is Very Blurry-- Look for a New Video Soon.
Driving a root into the center of the earth.
Moving with power as you walk– Fill up a room with chi.
Understand the difference between being connected to the ground energy (rooting) and being disconnected from the ground.
The opposite of Rooting chi is "Soaring Chi" which will be discussed in another module.
1. Can you feel the energy driving out of your feet and downward into the ground?
2. Can you visualize the energy shooting into the center of the earth?
3. Can you perceive a difference when you ground?
The key of this training is understanding how all 3 pieces of the Triad Method tie together and how you can begin immediately to get the benefits.
Week one and even the material prior is a lot of ground to cover.
Unlike most courses or classes where you study the material, you are encouraged here to jump right in with both feet.
You can adjust as you go– Get busy.
See the checklist below of some items you should have accomplished or at least attempted.
4 Week Transformation--How to transform your Triad of Energy in 4 weeks.
First thing you must do is measure your energy.
The questions below will allow you to assess your current state. Once you go through this entire Master Class, you'll need to answer them again to determine if you've doubled your skills, perceptions, etc over the 4 week period.
These are but some of the many questions you can ask yourself when evaluating your skills level.
As we go through the class, please add valuable questions to this list or remove ones that don't apply to you.
Chi Magnification is the concept that you can magnify the output of chi with just your Mind Force.
The mind creates pictures constantly, so you must learn how to focus on something just like you would a magnifying glass taking the energy of the sun and transferring it to a piece of paper you are wanting to light.
How to use Chi Energy? Try Chi Energy Meditation!


text:
An appreciation of pop culture.
Biff Bam Pop! Kids
Andy Burns
Sachin Hingoo
e.a. henson
Tim Murr
Jeromme Graham
Uncle Highlander
Gabriel Marcoccia
Marie Gilbert
Mat Langford
JP Fallavollita
Glenn Walker – RIP
The Work of Glenn Walker
By gilbertspeaks Posted on January 24, 2013
Face Off – Season Four, Episode One: Make It Reign
I love going to the movies where I get to escape inside a film that is filled with adventure and enhanced with special effects and creatures (if watching a horror or fantasy film). I find myself asking "How the heck did they do that?" It's amazing! What magic tricks do they use to create these landscapes and creatures that seem so real to me? With the wide use of CGI (computer generated images) the unbelievable is now possible on the screen. Yes, a good story plot is important, but so are the creatures. When a movie has both a good story and special effects, then we are transported to another place and time and for a few hours we get to live in an alternate universe. How is the magic accomplished? Well thanks to the SyFy Channel, I'm finding out. More after the jump.
I guess I should thank my oldest granddaughter (the fashion designer/ Steampunk sidekick) for getting me hooked on reality shows. She was the one who urged me to watch "Project Runway," a show which allowed budding designers a chance to compete with other young designers for the big prize of 100,000 dollars and a chance to create their own line of clothing. I learned a lot about the world of fashion and what my granddaughter hopes to achieve, but I would only watch once in a great while. Then Syfy came up with its own version of a "Project Runway" and I was hooked, clay, paint and prosthesis. Instead of high fashion clothing intended for the catwalk, "Face Off," which premiered on SyFy in January of 2011, required its young designers to create a full make-up character from either a horror, fantasy or science fiction theme. Actress McKenzie Westmore, who is the daughter of Michael Westmore, is the show's host.
I really need to learn how to sew and work with clay because the grand prize for "Face Off" is $100,000 cash, a 2013 Fiat 500, and a position as a guest lecturer at the Make Up For Ever Academy in New York and Paris. Each week a contestant is eliminated until there is only one left to win the prize.
The judges for the show are Ve Neill who has 30 years in the special make-up business, Glenn Hetrick owner of Optic Nerve Studio, with his own long list of accomplishments with shows like Buffy, Angel, X-Files, and Neville Page whose love of Stars Wars and Science Fiction led him into designing lush futuristic landscapes. John Rhys-Davies acclaimed British actor who starred in movies like Raiders of the Lost Ark, Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade, and as Gimli the Dwarf in the Lord of the Rings films, was the guest judge this past week, and as an added treat, Michael Westmore will be mentoring this season's contestants.
The Contestants
The talented contenders for season four are Alam Park, Alexandra McCoy, Anthony Kosar, Autumn Cook, David Greathouse, Eric Fox, Eric Zapata, Jenna Green, Katherine Machaiek, Kristian Kobzina, Meagan Hester, Michael Faust, Troy Rivers and Wayne Anderson.
Mountain Goblin King
In Season Four's first episode, the contestants had to create a Goblin King from seven different environments which included mountain, jungle, desert, swamp, volcanic,forest, and arctic. It was amazing to watch how they put together their characters. Sculpting clay, paint, cloth, and all kinds of prosthetics were flying every which way, as the group rushed to beat the deadline. The group, which was broken up into teams only had three days to create their king. Three days! It takes me that long to thread a needle! On the last day, the models arrived and the whole place went into overdrive as the artists rushed to apply the makeup and prosthesis to their models.
Jungle Goblin King
After the contestants and their characters came out onto the stage, the judges reviewed all the costumes and declared that Alam, Katherine, Greathouse,and Kristian were safe, which meant for this round they could not be sent home. Meagan and Anthony were the top team with their Mountain Goblin King, but since there can only be one winner, Anthony was it. Eric Z and Autumn's Jungle Goblin King, and Eric F and Jenna's Desert Goblin King, were picked by the judges for best looking characters. Unfortunately for Troy and Michael who had designed the Volcanic Goblin King and Alexandra and Wayne, who had designed the Swamp Goblin King, the judges picked them for the worst looking characters. But there can only be one loser, so, Troy who
Volcanic Goblin King
worked on the Volcanic Goblin King, was eliminated from the show. The judges didn't seem at all happy with his work on the Volcanic Goblin King's face make-up or for the volcanic crown.
If you like decent reality shows and you're not busy on Tuesday nights, take some time to watch "Face Off" which airs at 9 PM EST on the Syfy Channel. If you're like me and want to know how they make some of the creatures you see in the movies… then this is the show for you.
Categories: Contest, General, hollywood, Marie Gilbert, movies, television, tv showsTags: Alam Park, Alexandra McCoy, Anthony Kosar, Autumn Cook, David Greathouse, Eric Fox, Eric Zapata, Face Off, Glenn Hetrick, Jenna Green, John Rhys-Davies, Katherine Machaiek, Kristian Kobzina, McKenzie Westmore, Meagan Hester, Michael Faust, Michael Westmore, Neville Page, Project Runway, SyFy Channel, Troy Rivers, Ve Neill, Wayne Anderson
Published by gilbertspeaks
I'm Steampunk Granny to all my friends and when I'm not going on adventures with my nine grandchildren, I do ghost investigations with my team. Book 3 of the Roof Oasis Sci-fi Apocalyptic Series, Beware the Harvesters, is now on Amazon.com. Book 4 comes out in the summer of 2017.	View all posts by gilbertspeaks
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text:
Die Christopher S. Bond Bridge  ist eine siebenspurige Straßenbrücke über den Missouri River zwischen North Kansas City und Kansas City, Missouri. Sie führt die Interstate 29 und 35 sowie den U.S. Highway 71. Die Schrägseilbrücke wurde 2008–2010 als Ersatz für die vierspurige Paseo Bridge aus dem Jahr 1954 errichtet und ist mit einem täglichen Verkehrsaufkommen von über 100.000 Fahrzeugen eine der am höchsten frequentierten Straßenbrücken in der Metropolregion Kansas City. Betreiber ist das Missouri Department of Transportation; benannt ist sie nach dem ehemaligen Gouverneur von Missouri Christopher Samuel Bond.

Geschichte

Die Entwicklung der Gegend nördlich von Kansas City in Missouri, auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Missouri River, begann Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts mit der Gründung von North Kansas City und ersten Plänen für eine Straßenbrücke über den Fluss. In Kansas City entstand zwar mit der Hannibal Bridge schon 1869 die erste jemals gebaute Eisenbahnbrücke über den Missouri, aber erst mit der Eröffnung der ASB Bridge 1911 gab es eine Straßenverbindung über den Fluss. Die ASB Bridge wurde als Doppelstockbrücke für den Eisenbahn- und Straßenverkehr errichtet und führte auf ihrer oberen Ebene bis 1987 die Missouri Route 9. Eine weitere Doppelstockbrücke in ähnlicher Konfiguration entstand zudem 1917 mit dem Nachfolgerbauwerk der Hannibal Bridge. Diese führte bis 1956 auf ihrer oberen Ebene den heutigen U.S. Highway 169, beide Brücken werden weiterhin für den Schienengüterverkehr von der BNSF Railway betrieben.

In den 1950er Jahren entstanden weitere Straßenbrücken über den Missouri in Kansas City, darunter die vierspurige Paseo Bridge, die seit 1954 den U.S. Highway 69 und 71 über den Fluss leitete. Mit dem Ausbau der Interstate Highways verliefen auch die Interstate 29 und 35 über die Brücke und die damit verbundene Zunahme des täglichen Verkehrsaufkommens von anfänglich 6.800 Fahrzeugen auf über 90.000 zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts machte die Paseo Bridge zunehmend zu einem Engpass. Zwischenzeitliche Schließungen der Brücke wegen nötiger Reparaturarbeiten in den Jahren 2003 und 2005 verdeutlichten das Problem nochmals und Prognosen sahen eine weitere Steigerung des Verkehrsaufkommens auf 110.000 Fahrzeuge täglich bis zum Jahr 2030 voraus; ein Ausbau der alten Hängebrücke war nur eingeschränkt möglich.

Das Missouri Department of Transportation entschied sich schließlich für die Errichtung einer neuen siebenspurigen Straßenbrücke flussabwärts in unmittelbarer Nachbarschaft zur alten Brücke, einschließlich des Ausbaus der angrenzenden Zufahrten und Autobahnkreuze, wodurch eine zukünftige Verkehrslast von bis zu 130.000 Fahrzeugen zu bewältigen war. Der Zuschlag für das Infrastrukturprojekt kcICON in Höhe von 232 Mio. USD ging Ende 2007 an Paseo Corridor Constructors, ein Joint Venture bestehend aus Clarkson Construction, Massman Construction und Kiewit Construction. Die abschließende Auswahl der Designentwürfe von Touchstone Architecture wurde unter Einbeziehung der Städte und Gemeinden mittels der Community Advisory Group getroffen. Die Bauarbeiten am Pylon der zukünftigen Schrägseilbrücke begannen im Sommer 2008 und die Brücke einschließlich der Zufahrten konnte sechs Monate vor dem geplanten Projektende im November 2010 für den Verkehr freigegeben werden. Die alte Paseo Bridge wurde daraufhin geschlossen und im folgenden Jahr vollständig zurückgebaut.

Beschreibung

Zentrales Element der Christopher S. Bond Bridge ist eine unsymmetrische einhüftige Schrägseilbrücke, deren Fahrbahnträger an einem Pylon mit jeweils 20 Spannseilen pro Seite befestigt ist. Der 42 m breite Fahrbahnträger aus Vollwandträgern mit einer 23-cm-Stahlbeton-Fahrbahn bildet Spannweiten von 167,6 m zum Südufer (nach Kansas City) und 137,5 m zum Nordufer (nach North Kansas City). Die sieben Fahrstreifen haben eine Breite von 3,7 m, wobei vier nach Norden und drei nach Süden verlaufen; die zentrale Betonschutzwand ist dadurch um etwa einen Meter versetzt zur Mittelachse der Brücke. An die Hauptbrücke schließen sich bis zum jeweiligen Widerlager mehrere Balkenbrücken von insgesamt 217,5 m an, wodurch sich die Gesamtlänge der Brücke auf etwa 523 m summiert. Zur Pfahlgründung des 96 m hohen diamantförmigen A-Pylons aus Stahlbeton wurden acht Stahlrohre von über 3 m Durchmesser eingesetzt. Die 40 Spannseile sind im Fächersystem angeordnet und tragen den Fahrbahnträger in einer Höhe von etwa 16 m über normalem Wasserstand.

Weblinks

 Christopher S. Bond Bridge. John A. Weeks III.

Literatur
 Shreenath Rao, Paul Littleton, Jagannath Mallel: Missouri Demonstration Project: Design-Build Procurement Process for Construction on I-29/35 (kcICON) in Kansas City, MO. Final Report June 2013, Office of Infrastructure, Federal Highway Administration.

Einzelnachweise

Straßenbrücke in den Vereinigten Staaten
Schrägseilbrücke
Stahlbrücke
Brücke in Missouri
Erbaut in den 2000er Jahren
Brücke in Nordamerika
Bauwerk im Clay County (Missouri)
Bauwerk in Kansas City (Missouri)
Missouribrücke
North Kansas City


ISchool » Is it safe to have my children's schooling information available on the Internet?
Is it safe to have my children's schooling information available on the Internet?
It is definitely safe to have your children's schooling information available on the Internet. Firstly, in order to be able to view to your children's information, your must have a valid Google Apps Account created with username and password issued by School Administrator. With the given username and password, you can access to your children's information ONLY. With this, it is important to create a strong password and keep it secretly and one way is to change your password regularly.
Besides, the children's information that is uploaded to this site is merely a copy of the real information file insuring that no one can alter actual permanent records through this Portal.


Let everyone know that your Arizona loyalty is no joke! The Arizona Wildcats Adult Big Rig Structured Meshback Hat is the head wear accessory that you have been missing! The comfortable twill cotton/polyester meshback hat features official team colors, a 3D team logo on the front of the hat, bright white meshback, a Zephyr tag on the snapback, and an adjustable snapback strap to ensure a quality fit! The structured meshback style gives your head breathability during those hot days or stressful games! Show off your die-hard dedication wherever you go and rock this hat all year long!