Salutations to Lord Siva, the vanquisher of Cupid, the bestower of eternal bliss and immortality, the protector of all beings, destroyer of sins, the Lord of the gods, who wears a tiger-skin, the best among objects of worship, through whose matted hair the Ganga flows.
Lord Siva is the pure, changeless, attributeless, all-pervading transcendental consciousness. He is the inactive (Nishkriya) Purusha. Prakriti is dancing on His breast and performing the creative, preservative and destructive processes.
When there is neither light nor darkness, neither form nor energy, neither sound nor matter, when there is no manifestation of phenomenal existence, Siva alone exists in Himself. He is timeless, spaceless, birthless, deathless, decayless. He is beyond the pairs of opposites. He is the Impersonal Absolute Brahman. He is untouched by pleasure and pain, good and evil. He cannot be seen by the eyes but He can be realised within the heart through devotion and meditation.
Siva is also the Supreme personal God when He is identified with His power. He is then omnipotent, omniscient active God. He dances in supreme joy and creates, sustains and destroys with the rhythm of His dancing movements.
The Jivas and the world originate from Him, exist in Him, are sustained and rejected by Him and are ultimately merged in Him. He is the support, source and substratum of the whole world. He is an embodiment of Truth, Beauty, Goodness and Bliss. He is Satyam, Sivam, Subham, Sundaram, Kantam.
He is the God of gods, Deva-Deva. He is the Great Deity Mahadeva. He is the God of manes (Prajapati). He is the most awe-inspiring and terrifying deity, Rudra, with Trisul or trident in His hand. He is the most easily pleased (Asutosha). He is accessible to all. Even the untouchable Chandalas and the illiterate rustics can approach Him.
He is the source of all knowledge and wisdom. He is an ideal Yogi and Muni. He is the ideal head of an ideal family with Uma as His devoted wife, Lord Subrahmanya, the brave general of strength and courage, Lord Ganesa, the remover of all obstacles.
Lord Siva represents the destructive aspect of Brahman. That portion of Brahman that is enveloped by Tamo-Guna-Pradhana Maya is Lord Siva who is the all-pervading Isvara and who also dwells in Mount Kailas. He is the Bhandara or store-house for wisdom. Siva minus Parvati or Kali or Durga is Nirguna Brahman Himself. With Maya-Parvati He becomes the Saguna Brahman for the purpose of pious devotion of His devotees. Devotees of Rama must worship Lord Siva for 3 or 6 months before they take to worship of Rama. Rama Himself worshipped Lord Siva at the famous Ramesvaram. Lord Siva is the Lord of Ascetics and Lord of Yogins, robed in space (Digambara).
His Trisul (trident) that is held in His right hand represents the three Gunas—Sattva, Rajas and Tamas. That is the emblem of Sovereignty. He wields the world through these three Gunas. The Damaru in His left hand represents the Sabda Brahman. It represents OM from which all languages are formed. It is He who formed the Sanskrit language out of the Damaru.
The crescent moon indicates that He has controlled the mind perfectly. The flow of the Ganga represents the nectar of Immortality. Elephant represents symbolically pride. His wearing the skin of the elephant denotes that He has controlled pride. Tiger represents lust; His sitting on tiger's skin indicates that He has conquered lust. His holding a deer on one hand indicates that He has removed the Chanchalata (tossing) of the mind. Deer jumps from one place to another swiftly. His wearing of serpents denotes wisdom and eternity. Serpents live for a large number of years. He is Trilochana, the three-eyed One, in the centre of whose forehead is the third eye, the eye of wisdom.
'Hoam' is the Bija Akshara of Lord Siva.
He is Sivam (auspicious, Subham), Sundaram (beautiful), Kantam (effulgent). "Santam Sivam Advaitam" (Mandukya Upanishad).
I bow with folded hands crores of times at the lotus-feet of that Lord Siva who is non-dual, who is the Adhishthana, or support for the world and all minds, who is Sat-Chit-Ananda, who is the Ruler, the Antaryamin, the Sakshi (silent witness) for everything, who is self-effulgent, self-existent and self-contained (Pari-purna), who is the remover of the primitive Avidya and who is the Adi-Guru or Parama-Guru or Jagad-Guru.
That Lord Siva I am in essence. Sivoham, Sivoham, Sivoham.
Serpent is the Jiva or the individual soul which rests upon Siva, the Paramatman or the Supreme Soul. The five hoods mean the five senses or the five Tattvas, viz., earth, water, fire, air and ether. They also represent the five Pranas, which hiss in the body like the serpent. The inhalation and exhalation are like the hissing of the serpent. Lord Siva Himself became the five Tanmatras, the five Jnanendriyas, the five Karmendriyas and other groups of five. The individual soul enjoys the worldly objects through these Tattvas. When the individual attains knowledge through control of the senses and the mind, he finds his eternal resting abode in Lord Siva, the Supreme Soul. This is the esoteric significance of Lord Siva wearing the snake on His body.
Lord Siva is absolutely fearless. Srutis declare, "This Brahman is fearless (Abhayam), Immortal (Amritam)." Worldly people are afraid even at the very sight of a snake but Lord Siva is wearing serpents as ornaments on His body. This indicates that Lord Siva is absolutely fearless and immortal.
Generally serpents live for hundreds of years. Wearing of serpents by Lord Siva signifies that He is Eternal.
Namassivaya is the Mantra of Lord Siva. 'Na' represents earth and Brahma; 'Ma' represents water and Vishnu; 'Si' fire and Rudra; 'Va' Vayu and Mahesvara; 'Ya' Akasa and Sadasiva and also the Jiva.
Lord Siva has white complexion. What is the significance of white colour? He teaches silently that people should have pure heart and entertain pure thoughts and should be free from crookedness, diplomacy, cunningness, jealousy, hatred, etc.
He wears three white-lined Bhasma or Vibhuti on His forehead. What is the significance of this? He teaches silently that people should destroy the three impurities, viz., Anava (egoism), Karma (action with expectation of fruits), and Maya (illusion), and the three desires or Eshanas, viz., desire for landed property, desire for woman, desire for gold, and the three Vasanas, viz., Lokavasana, Dehavasana and Sastravasana, and then attain Him with a pure heart.
What does the Balipitha or altar which stands in front of the sanctum sanctorum of the Siva's temple represent? People should destroy their egoism and mineness (Ahamta and Mamata) before they attain the Lord. This is the significance.
What does Nandi or the bull which is in front of Sivalinga represent? Nandi is the attendant or doorkeeper of Siva. He is the vehicle of Lord Siva. He represents Satsanga. If you make association with the sages, you are sure to attain God-realisation. Sages will show you the way to reach Him. They will remove pitfalls or snares that lie on your path. They will clear your doubts and instil in your heart dispassion, discrimination and knowledge. There is no other safe boat than Satsanga to reach the other shore of fearlessness and immortality. Even a moment's Satsanga or association with the sages, is a great blessing to the aspirants and the worldly-minded persons. They get firm conviction in the existence of God through Satsanga. The sages remove the worldly Samskaras. The company of sages is a formidable fortress to protect oneself from the temptations of Maya.
Lord Siva represents the destructive aspect of the Godhead. He is seen absorbed on the mountain peak of Kailas. He is an embodiment of serenity, renunciation and indifference to the world. The third eye in the centre of His forehead represents His destructive energy which when let loose destroys the world. Nandi is His favourite. He is the door-Keeper. He is seen hushing all nature, so that the Lord may not be disturbed in His Samadhi. The Lord has five faces, ten hands, ten eyes, two feet.
Vrishabha or the bull represents Dharma Devata. Lord Siva rides on the bull. Bull is His vehicle. This denotes that Lord Siva is the protector of Dharma, is an embodiment of Dharma or righteousness.
Deer represents the Vedas. Its four legs are the four Vedas. Lord Siva is holding the deer in His hand. This indicates that He is the Lord of the Vedas.
He has sword in one of His hands. This signifies that He is the destroyer of births and deaths. The fire in one of His hands shows that He protects the Jivas by burning all fetters.
Salutations and adorations to the blissful Lord Siva, the lover of Uma or Parvati, the Lord of all beings (Pasupati).
"Alankarapriyo Vishnuh, Abhishekapriyah Sivah—Lord Vishnu is very fond of Alankara (fine dress, beautiful ornaments, etc.); Siva is fond of Abhisheka." In Siva temples, a pot made up of copper or brass with a hole in the centre is kept hanging over the image or Linga of Siva, and water is falling on the image throughout day and night. Pouring over the Linga, water, milk, ghee, curd, honey, cocoanut water, Panchamrita, etc., is Abhisheka. Abhisheka is done for Lord Siva. Rudra is chanted along with the Abhisheka. Lord Siva is propitiated by Abhisheka.
Lord Siva drank the poison that emanated from the ocean and wore the Ganga and moon on His head to cool His head. He has the fiery third eye. Constant Abhisheka cools this eye.
The greatest and the highest Abhisheka is to pour the waters of pure love on the Atmalinga of the lotus of the heart. The external Abhisheka with various objects will help the growth of devotion and adoration for Lord Siva and eventually lead to internal Abhisheka with pure abundant flow of love.
Abhisheka is a part of Siva Puja. Without Abhisheka, worship of Siva is incomplete. During Abhisheka Rudra, Purushasukta, Chamaka, Maha-mrityunjaya Japa, etc., are chanted in a particular rhythm and order. Monday is very important day for Lord Siva and the thirteenth day of the fortnight (Pradosha) is very sacred. On these days, devotees of Siva worship Him with special Puja, Abhisheka with Ekadasa-Rudra, Archana, offering plenty of Prasad, and illumination.
In Ekadasa-Rudra Abhisheka, every Rudra is chanted with distinctive articles for Abhisheka. Ganga water, milk, ghee, honey, rose-water, cocoanut water, sandal paste, Panchamrita, scented oil, sugarcane juice and lime juice are made use of for Abhisheka. After every Abhisheka, pure water is poured over the head of Siva. When Rudra is repeated once, the different articles of Abhisheka are made use of after every stanza of the Rudra. The Abhisheka water or other articles used for Abhisheka are considered very sacred and bestow immense benefits on the devotees who take it as the Lord's Prasad. It purifies the heart and destroys countless sins. You must take it with intense Bhava and faith.
When you do Abhisheka with Bhava and devotion, your mind is concentrated. Your heart is filled with the image of the Lord and divine thoughts. You forget your body and its relation and surroundings. Egoism gradually vanishes. When there is forgetfulness, you begin to enjoy and taste the eternal bliss of Lord Siva. Recitation of Rudra or Om Namassivaya purifies the mind and fills it with Sattva.
If you do Abhisheka with Rudrapatha in the name of a person suffering from any disease he will be soon freed from that disease. Incurable diseases are cured by Abhisheka. Abhisheka bestows health, wealth, prosperity, progeny, etc. Abhisheka on Monday is most auspicious.
By offering Panchamrita, honey, milk, etc., to the Lord, thoughts of your body diminish. Selfishness slowly vanishes. You derive immense joy. You begin to increase your offerings unto the Lord. Therefore, self-sacrifice and self-surrender come in. Naturally, there is an outpouring from your heart, "I am Thine, my Lord. All is Thine, my Lord".
Kannappa Nayanar, a great devotee of Lord Siva, a hunter by profession, did Abhisheka with the water in his mouth for the Linga at Kalahasti in South India and propitiated Lord Siva. Lord Siva is pleased by pure devotion. It is the mental Bhava that counts and not the outward show. Lord Siva said to the temple priest: "This water from the mouth of Kannappa, my beloved devotee, is more pure than the water of the Ganga".
A devotee should be regular in doing Abhisheka for the Lord. He should get by heart Rudra and Chamakam. Ekadasa Rudra is more powerful and effective. In Northern India, every man or woman takes a lota of water and pours it on the image of Siva. This also causes beneficial results and brings about the fulfilment of one's desire. Abhisheka on Sivaratri day is very effective.
May you all recite Rudrapatha which describes the glory of Lord Siva and His manifestations in every living being, in every animate and inanimate being! May you do Abhisheka daily and thus obtain the grace of Lord Siva! May Lord Visvanatha bless you all!
Fruits of Abhisheka and Rudra Japa in Siva's Temple.
Chamaka is divided into eleven sections. Each of these is then combined with Namaka (Rudra) and repeated. This is called Rudra. Eleven such Rudras make one Laghu Rudra. Eleven Laghu Rudras make one Maharudra. Eleven Maharudras make one Atirudra.
1 Rudra Freedom from Bala graha (diseases common to children).
3 Rudra Freedom from imminent difficulties with which one is faced.
5 Rudra Freedom from the evil effects of certain planets occupying unfavourable positions.
7 Rudra Freedom from great fear.
9 Rudra The fruit of one Vajapeya sacrifice; and also attainment of peace of mind.
11 Rudra Getting the favour of kings and great wealth.
33 Rudra Attainment of wishes for objects and having no enemies.
77 Rudra Enjoyment of great happiness.
99 Rudra Attainment of son, grandson, wealth, grain, Dharma, Artha, Kama and Moksha and freedom from death.
1 Maharudra Attainment of the favour of kings and becoming the Lord of great wealth.
3 Maharudra Fulfilment of impossible tasks.
5 Maharudra Acquirement of vast lands.
7 Maharudra Attainment of the seven worlds.
9 Maharudra Freedom from births and deaths.
Materials for Abhisheka: Pure water, milk, sugarcane juice, ghee, honey, waters of sacred rivers, sea water.
For getting rain, Abhisheka should be done with pure water. For freedom from diseases, and for begetting a son, Abhisheka should be done with milk. If Abhisheka is done with milk, even a barren woman begets children. The person also attains plenty of cows. If Abhisheka is done with Kusa water, one becomes free from all diseases. He who desires wealth, should perform Abhisheka with ghee, honey and sugarcane juice. He who desires Moksha, should do Abhisheka with sacred waters.


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Armenian Government Pressing Ahead With Constitutional Changes
Astghik Bedevian
Armenia - The main government building in Yerevan, March 29, 2018.
Կարդալ մեկնաբանությունները
The government has started forming an ad hoc commission tasked with drafting fresh amendments to Armenia's constitution.
Under an executive order signed by Prime Minister Nikol Pashinian, the commission will consist of 15 members, including Justice Minister Rustam Badasian, the government's representative to the European Court of Human Rights, human rights ombudsman Arman Tatoyan and a representative of the country's judges.
It will also comprise six legal scholars, who will be chosen by the Justice Ministry on a supposedly competitive basis, two civil society members and representatives of the three political forces represented in the Armenian parliament.
The government officially announced plans to amend the constitution in October as part of its strategy of reforming the national judicial and electoral systems. The strategy calls for constitutional changes relating to the work of judicial bodies and conduct of elections.
Vahagn Hovakimian, a senior lawmaker from Pashinian's My Step alliance, told RFE/RL's Armenian service on Tuesday that the commission will also discuss the wisdom of restoring the presidential system of government in the country. Asked whether the current authorities are intent on engineering such a change, he said: "There have been no such discussions."
The current constitution underwent sweeping changes as a result of a disputed referendum held in 2015. They led to Armenia's transformation into a parliamentary republic.
Former President Serzh Sarkisian initiated that constitutional reform in an effort to hold on to power after completing his second and final presidential term in April 2018. He was toppled in the ensuing "Velvet Revolution" led by Pashinian.
It is not yet clear whether the two opposition parties represented in the parliament would support a return to the presidential system. One of them, Bright Armenia (LHK), has been campaigning for constitutional curbs on sweeping powers enjoyed by the prime minister.
LHK leader Edmon Marukian said on Tuesday that the constitutional reform process launched by the authorities is an opportunity to reform the existing "super prime-ministerial system." He said his party will therefore accept the government offer to name one member of the commission.
The opposition Prosperous Armenia Party (BHK) has yet to discuss its participation in the commission's work.
Deputy Justice Minister Rafael Grigorian suggested that the commission will likely start its activities as early as next month. But he gave no possible time frames for the drafting of constitutional changes.


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Dope Jobs Offered At The Cannabis Expo In Durban
Day 2 of Legalization: B.C. Cannabis Sales Down Nearly ...
Police Beat Rasta To Death In South Africa
A Guide to Selling Legal CBD Products in South Africa by TNHA
Jun 24, 2019 | Legalisation, Press Release | 0
Last month the South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) gazetted a regulatory notice titled "Exemption Of Certain Cannabidiol Products From The Operation Of The Medicines Act" on the 23rd of May, followed by an official press release on the 27th of May. This followed our organization launching a High Court application in December 2018 to review the 2017 scheduling of CBD as a schedule 4 medicine, and which threatened to eliminate all CBD and CBD-containing products then sold on the market. With no SAHPRA registered CBD medicines approved in South Africa for doctors to prescribe, the schedule would effectively banned the product completely.
This impasse led to the SAHPRA and the TNHA agreeing to try solve the issues and to engage in further negotiations for a more fair, appropriate and modern framework to accommodate the consumer's continued access to CBD, the rights of sellers to continue to offer CBD products and to satisfy the regulator that industry will take responsible steps to guarantee the safety, quality and efficacy of CBD products in future.
This regulatory notice legally created an exclusion of certain preparations containing cannabidiol (CBD) from the operation of provisions of the Medicines and Related Substances Act 101 of 1965 (Medicines Act). The exclusion referred to has been made in accordance with section 36(1) of the Medicines Act.
36. Exclusion of any medicine, Scheduled substance, medical device or IVD from operation of Act.
(1) The Minister may, on the recommendation of the Authority, by notice in the Gazette exclude, subject to such conditions as he or she may determine, any medicine, Scheduled substance, medical device or IVD from the operation of any or all of the provisions of this Act, and may in like manner amend or withdraw any such notice.
A medicine may be excluded from any or all provisions of the Medicines Act. In this case certain CBD preparations have been excluded from the operation of the schedules to the Act published in terms of section 22A(2).
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22A. Control of medicines, Scheduled substances, medical devices and IVDs.
(2) The Minister may, on the recommendation of the Authority, prescribe the Scheduled substances referred to in this section.
CBD is currently classified as schedule 4 substance according to the Medicines Act, when intended for therapeutic purposes, and schedule 7, except when intended for therapeutic purposes. Whilst schedule 4 medicines are only available on a doctor's prescription schedule 7 medicines are banned.
It is clear that the purpose of the exclusion is specifically to exclude certain CBD preparations from the provisions above, albeit with conditions.
Preparations containing CBD must not exceed a daily dose of 20 mg CBD which means that a single dose in whichever form must contain 20 mg or less of CBD. However, there is no prohibition of the % CBD contained in the preparation as long as the daily dose does not exceed 20 mg.
In terms of the claims made, a low risk claim or health claim may be made which only refer to general health enhancement without any reference to specific diseases; health maintenance; or relief of minor symptoms (not related to a disease or disorder).
It has to be noted that making a claim is not prohibited here and is in any event not prohibited by the Medicines Act. However, the type of claim and substantiation of a claim are always of importance.
Two types of processed products are mentioned. Firstly, products from cannabis raw plant material and secondly products from other sources, where only the naturally occurring quantity of cannabinoids found in the source material are contained in the product.
It has to be noted that processed is defined in the schedules as treated by mechanical, chemical or other artificial means but does not include harvesting or the natural process of decay.
The schedules historically provided exceptions with regard to processed products from cannabis seeds only. However, currently, processed products from any cannabis plant part as well as cannabinoids from any other source material is excluded with a condition that such a processed product does not contain more than 0,001% (10 parts per million) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and not more than 0,0075% (75 parts per million) CBD.
The processed products, historically provided for, were intended as supplements of nutritional substances such as omega fatty acids and were not used for the CBD content per se. To ensure that such processed products from any source which contain small amounts of CBD will not fall within the schedule 4 ambit and cause major regulatory issues, provision has been made for products containing these small amounts of CBD to be excluded from the scheduling status. In the absence of such a provision many oils from cannabis and other sources containing small amounts of CBD (e.g black pepper, flax seeds, echinacea, cocoa etc) currently on the market would have had to be withdrawn from the market.
Thus, this latest change in legislation provides for CBD products used specifically for the CBD content as well as processed products not necessarily used for the CBD content thereof. All of these products are excluded from the operation of the schedules to the Act which means, rationally, also the schedule 7 status of such preparations for non-therapeutic purposes.
The Medicines Act provides the mandate of SAHPRA which is limited to medicines only and all medicines fall within schedules 0 to 8. It can be deducted that exclusion from the operation of the schedules refers to the current scheduling status of CBD. Since schedule 0 includes all substances or mixtures of substances which are not listed in any of the other schedules, the excluded CBD products will fall within the ambit of this schedule.
Lastly, the exclusion is effective immediately and will continue to be effective for twelve months from 15 May 2019. After twelve months the exclusion may continue or an amendment in the schedules may follow. Alternatively, further exclusion may not be allowed. However, the substantiation of such a non-allowance may prove difficult in the light of the current allowance, unless substantial evidence is provided.
It has to be noted that the exclusion only relates to the scheduling status and provisions relating to the status. All other provisions of the Medicines Act and General Regulations will still have to be adhered to. This includes labelling, advertising, manufacturing and importation requirements. The TNHA will be engaging on an ongoing basis with the SAHPRA to establish fair and appropriate guidelines for the labeling, advertising, manufacturing and importing CBD and CBD-containing products so that products are true-to-label, safe and of good quality.
It has to be noted that these CBD preparations are deemed fall within the ambit of Category D 'complementary medicines', and the legislation specifically pertaining to these medicines will have to be adhered to. If this was not the case the sale of CBD preparations would not have been allowed without registration since registration exclusion was not provided.
14. Prohibition on the sale of medicines, medical devices or IVDs which are subject to registration and are not registered.—(1) Save as provided in this section or sections 21 and 22A, no person shall sell any medicine, medical device or IVD which is subject to registration by virtue of a declaration published in terms of subsection (2) unless it is registered.
CBD-containing products not meeting the conditions for exclusion will remain subject to the scheduling status (schedule 4 or schedule 7) as per the schedules.
CBD or CBD-containing products sold may NOT be sold in daily dosages of more than 20 mg. If they exceed 20 mg / day they are deemed Schedule 4 (prescription-only) medicines and are registerable as such.
CBD or CBD-containing products sold may not have more than 0,001% (10 parts per million) tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) by volume. If they exceed this amount, they are deemed Schedule 7 medicines (prohibited substances).
CBD or CBD-containing products may not have any label claims or associated marketing material claims (i.e internet, adverts, pamphlets etc) implying the product has a therapeutic purpose. In other worlds, expressly intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease and/or because they are intended to affect the structure or any function of the body. The only permissible health claim which can be made is for 'general health enhancement'.
The prior seizure and embargo of unregistered CBD and CDB-containing products at customs by the Port Health Authority on entry into South Africa (under instruction of the SAHPRA) without accompanying registration documentation has been lifted.
In the near future the TNHA and SAHPRA will engage in creating a framework to manufacture locally produced CBD and CBD-containing products. This will include sourcing raw ingredients, appropriate Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) labeling requirements, raw ingredient and product testing and post-marketing surveillance.
What we all need to remember is that up until July 2017 CBD was considered a 'part of the cannabis (dagga) plant' and was by default a schedule 7 (prohibited substance) medicine under the Medicines and Related Substances Act, just like cocaine and heroin. It was also illegal in to import, sell or posses in terms of the Drugs and Drug Trafficking Act 140 of 1992.
On the 28th of July 2017 CBD was declared a schedule 6 (prescription-only) medicine with therapeutic claims, and remained a schedule 7 (prohibited substance) for any other use.
Then on the 17th of November 2017 CBD was declared a schedule 4 (prescription-only) medicine with therapeutic claims, and remained a schedule 7 (prohibited substance) for any other use.
This new exemption of CBD from the schedules, gazetted on the 23rd of May, is a major departure from the previously restrictive framework adopted and enforced by the SAHPRA and its former Medicines Control Council (MCC). It represents a new liberal and pragmatic approach to regulating a substance which is gaining rapid acceptance as a food supplement and approved food ingredient around the world by other foreign Medicines Regulatory Authorities.
As of now, South Africa is ahead of many developed countries in providing a certain and legal framework for purveyors to legally sell CBD as both a non-scheduled health supplement, and as a shedule 4 (prescription-only) medicine, depending on the daily dose limit, label claims (if any) and THC content.
It provides a means for the public to access CBD freely as either a daily supplement for general health enhancement (health promoting), or as a prescribed medicine for therapeutic use under the expert supervision of a doctor who can monitor their treatment outcomes.
The TNHA invites all CBD importers, potential local manufactures and retailers to become TNHA members and to join our CBD working group which will work pro-actively with the SAHPRA to create an appropriate regulatory framework for CBD in the future, beyond the 12 month relief provided by the current exemption.
Anthony Rees
National Chairman
TNHA
* The TNHA would like to thank Prof. Karen Du Toit, our expert regulatory advisor from Pharma Law for her valuable input and assisting the TNHA in all regulatory CBD matters, as well as our lawyer Chris Liebenberg of Jacobs Liebenberg Attorneys Inc for his professional services to date. We also thank members of the SAHPRA who constructively and openly engaged with the TNHA to set the wheels in motion for a new regulatory approach to CBD and other cannabis related products.
BECOME A TNHA MEMBER
The Traditional & Natural Health Alliance is broad-based organization dedicated to natural health and organic products. Our members include manufacturers, retailers, wholesalers, practitioners and users of traditional & natural health products and organic products. These can include functional foods, vitamin and mineral supplements, herbal products, aromatherapy oils, homeopathic products, sports nutrition products and natural skincare products.
5 Reasons to Become a TNHA Member
Find strength in numbers: As a TNHA member you're automatically welcomed into an important, powerful and growing network in the natural health and organic industry. You share in a strong, collective voice representing thousands of natural health industry stakeholders.
Safeguard your business interests: Get an inside look at industry regulation and how it may impact your organization. We share industry developments with you as we monitor issues, regulations and government policies pertaining to NHPs and organic products. While we work on your behalf for improvements with government and industry experts, we also provide opportunities for you to join working groups to discuss and provide advice, feedback and recommendations on strategic issues.
Increase credibility: Your membership enables you to display the TNHA logo, a brand that will build a reputation of respect and is recognized industry wide.
Be in the know: Don't get left out of the loop! Membership gives you access to the latest industry information through timely eNewsletters, announcements, webinars and more. Our communications keep you up-to-date; delivering industry news you can use to make important business decisions.
We are Your Voice, Your Growth and Your Community
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The Dreampod Cabin features a whole set of technologies, aimed to make the float experience an amazing one.
The core of any floatation experience, is the silence during a float. The Dreampod Cabin includes a high density foam core, sandwiched between an aluminium foil, in the inside of each wall. This create a vibration absorbing barrier between the outside world and the inside of the cabin, allowing the floater to float without any disturbance from the outside.
The foam core also works as a temperature insulator. By keeping the heat within the cabin, the internal float temperature of the salt solution can be maintained at an optimal level over a longer period of time. This creates an optimal floating temperature within the pod, allowing for a longer and more comfortable float. This is achieved without the use of externally powered ongoing heating, allowing us to keep the mechanical nature of the cabin more simple, resulting in an easier maintenance machine, as well as a lower power bills.
The Dreampod cabin utilizes a series of tactile transducers to provide a strong and clear sound within the pod. By using the interior walls of the cabin as an acoustic chamber, the tactile transducer turns the entire interior into a large speaker. This provides great sound fidelity on the inside of the pod. This concept works well together with our Dreamscape sound program (sold separately), providing the best sound quality within the cabin space.
The Dreampod cabin features a removable fan unit and ventilation ducts within its design. The forced induction of the fan unit will help break the inertia of the air within the Cabin's space, creating a flow of air within the Cabin. The fan unit within the cabin allows for high airflow and maximum air circulation.
The pump for this model is a high quality, powerful magnetic drive shaft pump. We used a larger version motor to keep cleaning time between floats to a minimum. It is made out of anti-corrosive materials and relatively silent during operation. The Heater is a high efficiency titanium heat-exchanger with 2000W+ and excellent safety properties.
The Dreampod Cabin comes equipped with several features to maintain hygiene of the water. The main filter device is a custom built stainless steel enclosure holding a replaceable 10 micron filter bag, capable of filtering debris in the water as small as 1/4 the size of the diameter of a human hair. Water is also pumped by a UV light array, taking care of any micro-organisms that survives the extreme salt content of the water.
The Dreampod Cabin also features the familiar dual chemical injection system, a setup unique to the Dreampod family. This allows you to use a combination of any 2 chemical disinfectants that you wish to use. This will give you a flexibility of choice in the use of chemicals in your pod, allowing you to balance both the requirements set by your local health department, as well as the flexibility of using a different chemical system in the future.
Need more visual impact for your floating experience? The Dreamroom comes with a custom LED light embedded on the inside. We use the same pre-programmed chakra lighting as we do with our our other pods. Chakra Color LED lights aim to balance and enhance our body's energy centres/chakras and also to help stimulate our body's own healing process. Like the float, the chakra colors do help encourage the body to find its own balance, allowing the body to rest and heal independently without the need for artificial medicine and external stimuli.
The Dreampod Float Cabin connects to almost any standard TCP/IP network allowing easy access from anywhere in the facility, wired or wireless. After powering it on you access its control panel via your Laptop or PC, iPhone & iPad.
The control panel itself is intuitive and easy to operate. You can manage nearly every aspect of your Dreampod Float Cabin, such as Session Start & Stop, Music with Playlist Manager, Temperature, UV Filtration and Chemical Dosing schedules.
An easy to understand report gets generated to help you understand the performance of your Dreampod Float Cabin. It includes Number of Sessions, Session Time, Idle Time and Pump & Heating Durations.
The best part? We are improving our software constantly to make it even more easy to use and available to more devices.


text:
Penal reform group urges Government to make sure OPCAT bill meets needs
Deirdre Malone
The Irish Penal Reform Trust (IPRT) has urged the Government to ensure that an upcoming bill aimed at ratifying an international treaty on torture and ill-treatment meets the minimum legislative requirements.
Ireland signed the Optional Protocol to the UN Convention against Torture and other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (OPCAT) in 2007 but has yet to ratify it despite repeated calls from rights groups.
The Government said during the summer that it would bring legislation to ratify the OPCAT before the Oireachtas before the end of the year.
The IPRT has now published an eight-page document setting out what is required of the upcoming bill, following consultation with several lawyers with expertise in the area as well as the chair of the UN sub-committee for the prevention of torture.
Deirdre Malone, executive director of the IPRT, told Irish Legal News: "Ratification of the OPCAT and the establishment of a National Preventative Mechanism (NPM) is key to the prevention of ill-treatment wherever people may be deprived of their liberty in Ireland, whether they are in a nursing home or a police cell. The emphasis on prevention is crucial, and this is achieved through a combination of independent monitoring and inspections and the coordination of cross-sectoral learning, expertise and best practice across oversight bodies by the NPM.
"Ireland signed the Optional Protocol in October 2007 but has not yet ratified it, 11 years later. Despite our frustration at the delay in ratification, this now presents an opportunity for Ireland to learn from other jurisdictions and ensure we get the proposed legislation required to ratify OPCAT and the shape of Ireland's NPM right.
"To inform the legislation, IPRT has set out a Statement of Principles document, which is intended to inform legal professionals, legislators, members of the judiciary, advocacy groups, and those who are supporting individuals deprived of their liberty, to engage with the legislation when it is introduced. Our goal is to ensure we have robust legislation that supports the prevention of torture and ill-treatment of anyone wherever they might be detained in Ireland."


Who is Crown Princess Katherine of Serbia?
Earlier this month Royal Central announced that it would be doing a question and answer session on the royals of continental Europe. Our readers sent us their questions, and our Europe Editor, Brittani Barger answered them below.
Question: What will the new title of Princess Tessy of Luxembourg following her divorce?
Answer: Luxarazzi contacted the Grand Ducal Court about this very topic a couple of months ago to get clarification. Her title falls under the Nassau Family Pact (titles, styles and membership of the Grand Ducal Family held by a spouse (by marriage) are lost upon legal separation or divorce) meaning her title is not her property. Tessy ceased to be a Princess of Luxembourg upon the issue of the Decree Nisi in February. She is now can go by Tessy Antony (maiden name) or Tessy de Nassau but which has not been made clear. You can read more in detail here.
Question: Why is Haga Palace called that and where does the name come from?
Answer: After speaking with the Royal Court of Sweden, they explained that Haga was initially called "Barnens Palais" (the Children's Palace) as it was built for King Gustav IV Adolf's children. The name was changed in the 19th century to "Drottningens Paviljong" (the Queen's Pavilion); it was named after "Hedvig Elisabeth Charlotta (and Gustav III's pavilion used to be called the King's pavilion after Carl XIII)," the Court told me.
Haga Palace is located in Haga Park (a vision of King Gustav III), and many places throughout Sweden have "haga" in their name. So it is a relatively popular name for places in the Scandinavian country.
Look out soon for an article featuring the palace here on Royal Central!
Question: Is there a set protocol as to when a royal order sash is bestowed from one royal family to a member of another royal family? (Example: upon marriage, ahead of a state visit, etc.) Is there also a standard for ranks of order based on the status of another royal family member (for example, reigning monarch vs crown prince or princesses vs their spouses vs their lower ranked siblings)?
Answer: Each royal family has different protocols and rules for when and how royal orders are presented. They are usually at the discretion of the monarch. Often, the orders are given on outgoing and incoming state visits. So, for example, if the King and Queen of Jordan are on a state visit to Sweden, the King could present the Jordanian royal order to the King of Sweden; likewise, the King of Sweden could present the King of Jordan with the Swedish royal order. (King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden was gifted the Jordanian royal order in the past, and King Abdullah of Jordan has the Swedish royal order).
Orders are usually only presented to the monarch, their spouse and children. Although, the heir usually receives more orders than their younger siblings. An example would be Sweden where all three of the King's children hold honours from Norway and Greece, but the Crown Princess holds honours from countries like Denmark and Monaco where her siblings do not.
Question: What's the difference between a royal family and a royal house? Such as Spain is a royal family while Norway is a royal house.
Answer: A royal family includes the extended members of the family, but a royal house is only the those in the direct line to a particular throne. In the Netherlands, for example, the royal house includes the King and Queen, their children, the King's mother, the King's brother and his wife, and one of the King's aunts and her husband. The royal family includes the King's other aunts, cousins, sister-in-law and nieces.
In Norway, the only members of the royal house are King Harald, Queen Sonja, Crown Prince Haakon, Crown Princess Mette-Marit and the Crown Prince Couple's daughter, Princess Ingrid Alexandra.
The royal family in the country consists of the Crown Prince Couple's other two children (Prince Sverre Magnus and Marius Borg Høiby), the King and Queen's daughter (Princess Märtha Louise), her children and the King's sister, Princess Astrid.
Spain has a royal house (Casa de S.M. el Rey or House of His Majesty the King) that includes the King, Queen, their two daughters and the King's parents – the former King and Queen. The sisters of the King and their children are members of the Spanish Royal Family.
Question: Exactly how are the reigning families of Europe related? How far removed is Victoria of Sweden from Prince William when he takes the throne?
Answer: Most of the royal families are related through Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, as well as King Christian IX of Denmark. Their descendants are currently on the thrones of Belgium, Denmark, Luxembourg, Norway, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.
For example, King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden is Queen Victoria's great-great-grandson; she is also the great-great-grandmother to his first cousin, Queen Margrethe of Denmark. Additionally, she is the great-great-grandmother of Queen Elizabeth II and King Harald of Norway. King Felipe of Spain is her great-great-great-grandson.
King Christian is the great-great-grandfather of Queen Margrethe of Denmark, King Harald of Norway and Queen Elizabeth II. He is the great-great-great grandfather of Grand Duke Henri of Luxembourg, King Philippe of Belgium and King Felipe of Spain.
Many of these are distantly in line for the British throne with the exceptions of the Catholic King Felipe of Spain.
Crown Princess Victoria of Sweden and Prince William are distant cousins through their fathers (fourth cousins once removed). Queen Victoria is the great-great-great grandmother of the Crown Princess of Sweden and the great-great-great-great grandmother of Prince William.


text:
Q: Show that $\lim_{h\to0} \frac{g(a+h)-2g(a)+g(a-h)}{h^2} = g''(a)$ Let $g\colon\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{R}$ be a function of class $C^2$. Show that
$$\lim_{h\to0} \frac{g(a+h)-2g(a)+g(a-h)}{h^2} = g''(a)$$
we cannot pass the limit inside. How to proceed with the problem?

A: Correct me if wrong.
Mean value theorem, $g \in C^2 $;
1)$ \dfrac {g(a+h) - g(a)}{h} = g'(r) $
where $r \in (a,a+h).$
2)$ \dfrac{g(a-h) - g(a)}{h} = g'(s)$
where $s \in (a-h,a).$
3) $\dfrac{g'(r) - g'(s)}{h} = g''(t)$
where $t \in (s,r)$.
$g''(x)$ is continuous, and $t \in (a-h,a+h)$.
We have :
$h \rightarrow 0$ and $t \in  (a-h,a+h)$
$\Rightarrow t \rightarrow a$:
Finally:
4) $\lim_{t \rightarrow a} g''(t) = g''(a)$.

A: How about using Taylor's formula:
$$\begin{align}g(a+h)&=g(a)+hg'(a)+\frac{h^2}{2}g''(a)+O(h^3),\\g(a-h)&=g(a)-hg'(a)+\frac{h^2}{2}g''(a)+O(h^3).\end{align}$$
So that, one gets:
$$\frac{g(a+h)-2g(a)+g(a-h)}{h^2}=g''(a)+O(h).$$
Whence the result.

A: Hint
Use the fact that
$$g(a+h)=g(a)+g'(a)h+\frac{g''(a)}{2}h^2+o(h^2),$$
and
$$g(a-h)=g(a)-g'(a)h+\frac{g''(a)}{2}h^2+o(h^2).$$

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


And put them into node red, so i can try and parse some Sydney weather info from our BOM.
I have looked at each of the FTP nodes and also the forum discussions and it does not seem there is a consensus on a working FTP anonymous node - does anyone have a reliable one they would recommend.
Alternatively a way to pull that XML stream directly into NR and push to a JSON stream so i can drill down and extract what i want ?
Thanks Andrei - my google Fu does not seem to be strong at the moment !
Maybe not so fast - so going through that - they end up giving up on the FTP node as it is broken and instead head down the curl path.
And here is the flow that produces it.
I know nothing abut jsonata - is there an easy expression builder etc ??
This is exactly what you should do. I see that the JSONata expression is trying to read some elements that does not exist in the input JSON data. I removed a few ones from the change rule and it worked. You will need to compare that data received from the API against with the JSONata expression to see what fix is necessary.
That JSONata expression is much more complicated than it needs to be, just to provide some named fields ("today", "tomorrow", "two", etc). The only difference between each day's object (other than today) is the index number into the array.
So the msg.payload object represents today, msg.payload is one day from now or tomorrow, and so on. The UI can add the human-readable day offset labels, or extra wording.
Thank you very much - that will give me more to compare with - is there a simple discussion/document on using jsonata like this - obviously i can understand the result of what you are doing - but the mechanics of geting there is another matter.
I assume that we are essentially specifing variable objects such as $weather and then trying to populate those based on looking inside the XML - which it appears we are treating as Arrays (such as area.
But then looking at something like the $elem is just blurring before my eyes !!
I suspect that, outside of IBM, Steve may be the best expert on JSONata!
I might nick this one too!
Thanks for that update. I went to the jsonata.org website and played around with their stuff and have a bit of an idea now.
OK obviously i am missing something basic here. I assume even as good as Steve is - he can not look at that XLM output and know where the various arrays are going to be etc.
There must be a way that someone takes that XML string and then plays with it interactively to identify the areas and values of interest ?
Is that just through the debug node and then grabbing the path in the debug window or is there some other fancy tool that helps with this and hence then makes it easier to build the jsonata ?
This allows you to paste in your expression and then some test data and see the result as you play.
And you are right -- there's no way to just look at your data and know how to access the fields. For that, I rely on the debug sidebar again -- when you hover the mouse on the data you want, the "copy path" button appears on the right. Your data structure is made extra complicated because it was converted to a JS object from XML, so I would NOT suggest trying to learn JSONata with this data!
Aaah - i thought there was a magic step i was missing !!!
Would it be easier to leave it as XML or will the Jsonata tool not accept that ?
OH right - so no is the answer !!! Already opened up one can of worms - dont need a second one.
Maybe one day we will get a XSLT node (the XML equivalent of JSONata). But most of us are using JSON over XML these days. We also have the XML node that makes a valiant attempt at turning XML into JSON.
I hope not Julian - it is enough with jsonata !!
The XML node appears to be swallowing this stuff and spitting out something that jsonata can work with so i am slowly pushing my way through !


text:
Een superoceaan is een oceaan die een supercontinent omringt. Minder gebruikelijk is de definitie van elke oceaan groter dan de Grote Oceaan nu. Aangezien water in superoceanen zich vrij van oost naar west kan verplaatsen, en het opwarmt door de blootstelling aan zonlicht, is het westelijk deel van de oceaan warmer dan het oostelijk deel.

Lijst van superoceanen

Deze lijst is onvolledig: superoceanen behorende bij continenten zoals Columbia en Ur zijn niet genoemd

 Mirovoi-oceaan (Rodinia)
 Pan-Afrikaanse Oceaan (Pannotia)
 Panthalassa (Pangea)
 Megapacifische Oceaan (Pangea Ultima)

Zie ook
 Paleogeografie

Paleogeografie
Oceaan

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


This story is from when I was stationed in Rota, Spain but was sent to a three month seminar at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah. It covers the two weeks from one week before I left until one week after I arrived in Utah.
As I packed for the trip, obviously, I went to the book store. About a week before I left, I went to the bookstore to get books to take with me. I had no idea what the place I was going to would be like so I thought I would stock up. I found a pile of books and checked out. $200.
The day of my flight, I stopped in to the bookstore to grab something extra. I'm not sure how I did it or how I had room for all the books in my bags but total price, $200.
One day, in the first week of the seminar, the instructor was showing us around the BYU campus and we stopped in to my first ever college book store. I rummaged around, found books, of course, and checked out. $200.
Yep, that is right. In under 2 weeks, I spent $600, just on books. Surprisingly, when I left Provo, there was only one book I hadn't finished.
This was when I first read "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance" and it's sequel, "Lila." Both books are extraordinary. But, whatever you do, don't read them back to back if it is the first time you are reading them. The primary thesis of the first seems to be that quality is indivisible. Along the way, you read a touching and heartbreaking story of a man and his son, but the main treatise is philosophical. By the end, you should be fairly convinced he is right and quality is indivisible. Unfortunately, the first thing he does in Lila is divide quality. With no warning or preparation or even chance to do my own thinking in between, it is a bit like being slapped in the face with a cold fish. Still, "Lila" was nearly as good to read as "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance."
Do Strippers Make Better Lovers?


text:
Q: How can I change the y-coordinate of Excel 2013 figure to 10 power numbers format I have an figure built using Excel 2013,  the y-coordinate values are 1 , 1.0E-01 , 1.0E-02  and so on. I want to change the values of y-coordinate to be 1 , 10^{-1}, 10^{-2}  , I mean similar to that format used in Matlab,  How can I go that?
Thank you


text:
Q: Python Selenium How to handle NoSuchElementException from while loop/if else statement I'm trying to write a while loop where if an element isn't found it does certain tasks, however when the element is not found, it throws an error NoSuchElementException as if there is no element, instead of going to the 'else' statement.
elem = driver.find_element_by_id('add-to-bag')

while True:
    if elem.is_displayed():
        False
    else:
        driver.delete_all_cookies()
        driver.refresh()
        sleep(randint(5, 10))

A: As per your code block when you mention if an element is found it does certain tasks, however when the element is not found, it throws an error code is perfect.
Explanation
The code to find the element is just before the while/if block started. So when your find_element_by_id('add-to-bag') fails instead of returning an element it is returning NoSuchElementException which you havn't handled.
Solution
A simple solution would be to induce a try-except block for find_element_by_id('add-to-bag') as follows :
try :
    elem = driver.find_element_by_id('add-to-bag')
    if elem.is_displayed():
        //implement your logic

except NoSuchElementException :
    driver.delete_all_cookies()
    driver.refresh()
    sleep(randint(5, 10))


text:
from blazeutils.testing import raises
from decimal import Decimal
from formencode import Invalid
from formencode.validators import MaxLength

from blazeform.processors import Decimal as DecimalProc

def test_maxlength_bug_fix():
    assert MaxLength._messages['__buggy_toolong'] == "Enter a value less than %(maxLength)i " \
        "characters long", 'looks like formencode may have fixed the MaxLength message bug'
    ml = MaxLength(5)
    ml.to_python('12345')
    try:
        ml.to_python('123456')
        assert False, 'expected exception'
    except Invalid as e:
        assert str(e) == 'Enter a value not greater than 5 characters long'

def test_decimal():
    proc = DecimalProc()

    @raises(Invalid, 'Not a valid number')
    def check():
        proc.to_python('foo')
    check()

    assert proc.to_python('1.123') == Decimal('1.123')

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
2022 in Review: Rafael Nadal struggles but beats Denis Shapovalov
Rafael Nadal experienced one of his toughest physical challenges of the season in the Australian Open quarter-final. Rafa faced Denis Shapovalov and scored a 6-3, 6-4, 4-6, 3-6, 6-3 victory in four hours and eight minutes at Rod Laver Arena.
The Spaniard struggled with stomach issues since the fourth set and barely survived a challenging encounter under a boiling Melbourne sun. The more experienced player claimed the opening three games of the decider to forge the crucial advantage and bring the victory home.
Nadal lost four kilos and looked forward to two days off after leaving the court completely destroyed! Rafa scored his fourth victory over Denis from five encounters and moved into his 36th Major semi-final, the seventh in Melbourne.
Nadal won 13 points more than Shapovalov, playing better behind the first serve and defending six out of eight break chances. The Spaniard grabbed three breaks in sets he won and served well to bring the victory home and remain on the title course.
Shapovalov fired 20 aces and over 50 winners and unforced errors, staying aggressive and rushing to the net. The Canadian had a slight advantage in the shortest and most extended exchanges. The more experienced player erased that deficit in the mid-range rallies, where he forged his victory.
Rafa dropped only five points behind the initial shot in the first set and kept the pressure on the other side. Denis sprayed a forehand error to lose serve at love in game four and fall 3-1 behind. World no. 5 fired a forehand crosscourt winner in the next one to cement the advantage and held at 15 in game seven for 5-2.
Rafa served for the opener in game nine and smashed a booming serve to take it 6-3 in 39 minutes. Shapovalov raised his level on the return a bit in set number two. However, more was needed to create break chances. Nadal held after deuces in game six for 3-3 and broke the young gun in the next one after a smash winner at the net.
Rafael Nadal prevailed against Denis Shapovalov in Melbourne.
Rafa grabbed the eighth game with a service winner for 5-3 and forced the rival's mistake in game ten for 6-3, 6-4 in an hour and 39 minutes. The Canadian stayed in touch in the third set and secured the ninth game with a service winner for 5-4.
Denis created three set points on the return in game ten and cracked a backhand crosscourt winner to wrap up the set and force the fourth after two and a half hours. Shapovalov broke again in the fourth set's fourth game after Nadal's double fault to build the lead and settle into a fine rhythm.
Denis served for the set at 5-3 and sprayed a forehand error to face two break points. The youngster saved them with winners and fired a service winner to secure the set and introduce a decider after three hours and 16 minutes.
Nadal saved a break point in the fifth set's first game with an ace and made a vital hold with a brilliant volley winner at the net. Rafa created two break chances in the second game after Denis' double fault and converted the second to build the advantage.
Shapovalov squandered a break chance in the third game after a loose backhand, and Nadal saved the second with an unreturned serve. The young gun played another wayward backhand to propel the veteran 3-0 in front. Rafa held at 30 in game five for 4-1 and landed a service winner two games later for 5-2.
The Spaniard served for the victory in game nine and held at 15 to wrap up the duel and advance into the last four.


text:
Top 10 Favourite Films: #10
Directed by Martin Scorsese
After Hours is an odd film. It plays like an existeltialist Hitchcock thriller. There's no plot, just a character going through a series of strange, inexplicable torments over the course of a night on the streets of New York City.
Griffin Dunne (an actor I've never really warmed to) is superb in the lead role, but it's the character actors who shine brightest; a parade of human oddities who push our panicked hero ever further into a special kind of darkness. Rosanna Arquette as the fucked-up object of the protagonist's lust, Terri Garr as a weird 1960s-styled neurotic, Linda Fiorentino as a mad artist who creates bagel and cream cheese paper weights, Catherine O'Hara as a vigilane ice cream vendor, and - my favourite - John Heard as a laconic barman.
Scorsese is no stranger to black comedy (I'd argue that most of his films contains elements of it), but here it's the driving force of the film. I've always called After Hours a horror film, and it certainly plays on the horror of paranoia. For me, it's one of the director's finest pieces of work. Everything he does best, he does it best here.


1997 Arctic Cat Powder Extreme Manuals - Arctic Cat Snowmobile Manuals This is the BEST, most complete workshop repair and maintenance manual available anywhere on the internet! All of the manual listed below are full factory service manuals with hundreds of pages containing step by step instructions, full wiring diagrams and detailed illustrations on how to repair, rebuild or maintain virtually anything to your sled.. 877-935-9355. DODGEVILLE, WI | SYCAMORE, IL | UTICA, IL. Quick Search. Please select an industry:. From 2008 March to 2014 September, the Dennis Rawlins page on Wikipedia was trashed repeatedly by the sort of dirty-fighter censors which establishments traditionally use to discourage exposure of what they're ever-hiding..
4 minutes pour en apprendre plus sur la photo ! Les 2 techniques infaillibles pour photographier les orages. The 2018 FIFA World Cup was the 21st FIFA World Cup, an international football tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of FIFA once every four years. It took place in Russia from 14 June to 15 July 2018. It was the first World Cup to be held in Eastern Europe, and the 11th time that it had been held in Europe. At an estimated cost of over $14.2 billion, it. SOLD VIA THIS WEBSITE. The rare offering of a car which has been part of the history of Australian motor sport. Owned and campaigned by Keith Jones, helping to set the benchmark for automotive endurance events and with great accomplishments such as the 1953 Redex, 1970 Ampol Trial and the 1979 Repco Trial, this car is a collectors dream..
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Fukuoka | Japan Fukuoka | Japan. An element that exists or existed in Real Life but is assumed to be fictional by audiences, often because it seems too unlikely, bizarre, or kitschy to be real. Truth really is stranger than fiction. The Trope Namer is A Charlie Brown Christmas, from 1965.In the special, Lucy said "Get the biggest aluminum tree you can find, Charlie Brown!. 2019 – 21st year of chrisguitars.com! (now over 12M hits!) We salute our Nation's military, past and present. IN WONDERFUL ALBANY, NY, USA. Updated: TGIF, Jan 11th, 2018.
The items of militaria shown below can be viewed in our on-line shop complete with full descriptions, photographs and prices.: British Basket-Hilted Swords: A Typology of Basket-Type Sword Hilts Hardcover by Cyril Mazansky. The phrase basket-type hilts refers to a large group of hilts which provide a degree of protection to the hand and wrist.. 9780324375312 032437531X Business Law and Legal Enviroment, m 9780571244287 0571244289 Kindred Spirits - Adrift in Literary London, Jeremy Lewis 9781844218530 1844218538 Anthology of Short Stories Pack 2 5029365848022 Jazz Suites (Nso Ukraine, Kuchar) 5039036026031 Transporter 2 9780786017775 0786017775 Final Breath, Kevin O'Brien 827010010825 0827010010825 Risen.
Who's been boondocked in the powder, or rode mountains with AGLT ... Click image for larger version Name: trip 1 2010 004.


Dorothy J. Dohanics | Pittsburgh PA | Dallas W. Hartman P.C.
Dorothy Dohanics focuses her practice on personal injury, medical malpractice, auto accidents, defective products and hepatitis C exposure.
Described as intelligent and ambitious, Dorothy is also known for her stellar work ethic and passion for helping her clients receive the compensation they deserve.
A graduate of Pennsylvania State University, Dorothy earned her juris doctor from Duquesne University School of Law and is licensed to practice in Pennsylvania. She is a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association and Western Pennsylvania Trial Lawyers Association.


text:
the hurt business
a fight blog
Timothy Bradley
Pinoy Fight Scribe: Pacquiao retirement after Bradley fight a good idea
(This piece appeared in InterAKTV on February 21, 2012.)
by Mark Lorenzana
Manny Pacquiao turns 34 this year.
As a boxer, he has logged a lot of miles: since turning pro in 1995, he has figured in a total of 59 fights, which translates into 353 rounds boxed. Just recently, Pacquiao had hinted that he might walk away from the sport after his upcoming fight with Timothy Bradley on June 9.
According to the Retired Boxers Foundation, the average age of retirement for a professional boxer is in the mid-30s. Some boxers, especially those who lose a lot of fights early in their career, decide to hang up their gloves at a young age while others hang on and continue fighting until their 40s. Right now, Pacquiao is at the optimal retirement age for boxers.
This is not the first time, though, that Pacquiao has hinted at retirement. Three years ago, Pacquiao announced that he would retire at the end of 2009 as he unveiled his plans to run for Congress. Then in 2010, after defeating Joshua Clottey, Pacquiao hinted that he might talk to his family about his possible retirement that year. The year after that, in 2011, there were talks once again that Pacquiao might call it quits after his fight with Sugar Shane Mosley.
Those previous retirement talks never really amounted to anything, so die-hard Pacquiao fans can at least take solace in the knowledge that nothing is set in stone yet, and that there's a big possibility that Pacquiao might change his mind.
But here's the thing: after Bradley, who's next for Pacquiao? Floyd Mayweather Jr.? He won't step in the ring with Pacquiao until he feels that Manny is too old and too shot. That fight will never happen in a million years. Juan Manuel Marquez? He has Pacquiao's number, but Marquez will never ever get the benefit of the doubt against the judges because of his counterpunching style. The surest way for Marquez to beat Pacquiao is by a knockout, but it's been three fights already, and he hasn't floored the Pacman even once. Besides, Marquez already said that he will retire at the end of this year even if the fourth fight with Pacquiao doesn't happen.
In other words, if a fight against Mayweather or Marquez can't be made, who else could be a meaningful opponent for Pacquiao? A severely dehydrated Sergio Martinez? The high-risk/low-reward Lamont Peterson? Miguel Cotto again? Why?
So yes, Pacquiao retiring after the Bradley fight is perhaps the most logical decision that the reigning pound-for-pound boxer and future hall-of-famer can make at the twilight of his brilliant career. In boxing, it's always a good idea to quit while you're ahead, and not until you've been squeezed dry by your greedy promoter.
Speaking of the undefeated Timothy Bradley, the reigning WBO light welterweight champion, how might he fare against Manny Pacquiao?
Juan Manuel Marquez had an interesting thing to say about the matchup: "Even though Bradley is a great boxer, and he has skills, he needs the power. He [doesn't] have that power. Pacquiao has the speed and Pacquiao has the power. The difference in this fight is power. The difference will be the power punches that Pacquiao has."
I agree wholeheartedly with Marquez's assessment. In my last column, I wrote: "Timothy Bradley is young, undefeated, a good boxer with decent-enough skills, someone who has defeated quality opponents. Problem is, Pacquiao tends to make mincemeat out of offensive-minded fighters who take the fight to him, especially someone smaller and who has no power punch."
I stand by what I wrote. To reiterate, the difference will be the power. It's just common sense, really: Bradley doesn't punch that hard, and Pacquiao has a world-class chin. If you cannot make Pacquiao respect your power, what's gonna stop him from coming in and raining down blows on you until you scream "uncle" or until you get pounded out or until your cornerman throws in the towel, whichever comes first?
And here's a little-known fact about Pacquiao that might seem trivial but I think is worth noting anyway: since Pacquiao won his first world title as a flyweight by beating Chatchai Sasakul in Thailand fourteen years ago, he has knocked out every single opponent he faced when he either lost or scored a draw in his previous bout.
Cases in point: Pacquiao knocked out Reynante Jamili in two rounds after losing to Medgoen Singsurat, Pacquiao stopped Jorge Eliecer Julio in round two after he settled for a draw against the late Agapito Sanchez, Pacquiao scored a fourth-round knockout against Fahsan 3K Battery after he drew with Marquez in their first fight, and Pacquiao annihilated the tough Hector Velasquez within six rounds after he lost his first fight against Erik Morales.
Pacquiao is coming off a close win against Juan Manuel Marquez, a fight that could have gone either way, a fight that boxing pundits thought should have been awarded to Marquez. Pacquiao's performance against Marquez has been criticized, and who's to say that the Pacman isn't itching to bounce back and score an impressive win? Technically, Pacquiao didn't lose his third fight with Marquez, but who's to say that he won't want to bounce back with an emphatic performance?
In his poem "The Hollow Men," T. S. Eliot wrote, "This is the way the world ends / Not with a bang but a whimper."
On the contrary, going back to the earlier point at the beginning of this column about Pacquiao's possible retirement, if this is indeed where the Pacman's legendary career ends, he'd most certainly want to end it with a bang, not a whimper.
That said, be afraid for Timothy Bradley. Be very, very afraid.
Posted on April 20, 2015 by Mark Lorenzana Posted in Boxing	Tagged Boxing, Manny Pacquiao, Timothy Bradley	Leave a comment
Pinoy Fight Scribe: Breaking down Pacquiao-Bradley, Mayweather Cotto
WBO welterweight champion Manny Pacquiao and WBC welterweight titlist Floyd Mayweather Jr. are, undoubtedly, the two biggest attractions in the sport of boxing today. Both fighters possess speed, power, ring smarts, and tough chins — attributes that have catapulted them to superstardom.
Both boxers also possess varying fighting styles that, needless to say, promises an intriguing and mouth-watering matchup: Pacquiao's relentless, unorthodox, and blitzkrieg offensive attack against Mayweather's outstanding defensive skills and counterpunching prowess.
This matchup is a boxing fan's dream come true: one of the game's best boxer-punchers in Pacquiao fighting one of the game's best counterpunching stylists in Mayweather.
The problem, though, is that they aren't fighting each other anytime soon.
It's official: Pacquiao has signed to fight undefeated Timothy "Desert Storm" Bradley on June 9. The report comes on the heels of the recent announcement by Mayweather that he will be facing Puerto Rico's Miguel Cotto for the latter's WBA super welterweight strap on Cinco de Mayo.
So what could we expect from the two matchups?
Manny Pacquiao vs. Timothy Bradley
After Pacquiao struggled against Juan Manuel Marquez in their third fight, a close bout that Pacquiao won by majority decision, the consensus — both spoken and unspoken — around Boxlandia was that Mayweather was next for Pacquiao. But when feeble attempts at negotiations to make the dream fight fizzled out, several prospective opponents for Pacquiao cropped up overnight: Marquez, Cotto, Bradley, and even Lamont Peterson.
Marquez was out of the running as a potential opponent for Pacquiao soon after he voiced out several demands before a fourth fight could happen, demands that Top Rank head honcho Bob Arum deemed too unreasonable, even crazy: a venue other than Las Vegas, neutral judges, and a bigger purse. But Marquez was probably out of the running as a potential opponent for Pacquiao as early as the end of the third fight when everyone realized that the Mexican was the perfect foil for Pacquiao. Marquez will, most probably, fight another rumored Pacquiao opponent, Lamont Peterson in mid July.
Cotto was the initial pick by Pacquiao, but the Puerto Rican made it clear that he wouldn't fight below 150 pounds. Cotto has campaigned at 154 lbs. for his past three fights already, and Pacquiao wanted the fight at a lower weight. It seems that the weight played a huge factor in Cotto's decision to choose Mayweather, especially since the latter agreed to move up in weight to challenge Cotto.
Timothy Bradley is young, undefeated, a good boxer with decent-enough skills, someone who has defeated quality opponents. But Bradley is not exactly a power puncher and is going up in weight to fight Pacquiao, a fighter who has been campaigning as a full-fledged welterweight for a total of five fights now. Pacquiao has dominated naturally bigger guys like Oscar De La Hoya, Cotto, Margarito, Joshua Clottey, and Shane Mosley and has only shown difficulties against defensive counterpunchers like Marquez. Bradley is not a defensive counterpuncher, is smaller, and will take the fight to Pacquiao. Problem is, Pacquiao tends to make mincemeat out of offensive-minded fighters who take the fight to him, especially someone smaller and who has no power punch.
Floyd Mayweather vs. Miguel Cotto
A curious thing about this fight is that Mayweather has been avoiding Cotto for the longest time. This was when Cotto was still in his prime, when he was still undefeated, before he was beaten to a bloody pulp by Antonio Margarito and Pacquiao. Just recently, Mayweather dismissed Cotto as a potential opponent, saying he wouldn't fight any of "Pacquiao's leftovers." Until now, that is.
Cotto may be the naturally bigger man, but he is not the same fighter many years ago that Mayweather had been ducking. Mayweather, being the shrewd, cagey boxer/businessman that he is, won't risk his undefeated record. He took the fight because he knows that he can—and will—beat this version of Cotto.
So here's the sad part: there is still no guarantee that Pacquiao and Mayweather will immediately fight each other after they beat each of their respective opponents. Who knows? Maybe they will eventually come to their senses many, many years from now, when they are both too old and too infirm and too shot. But will boxing fans still care?
Ah, to be passionate devotees of a niche sport whose two biggest attractions possess egos as huge as the fat paychecks that they command.
Posted on April 20, 2015 April 20, 2015 by Mark Lorenzana Posted in Boxing	Tagged Boxing, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Manny Pacquiao, Miguel Cotto, Timothy Bradley	Leave a comment
I Know I Already Said I Won't Blog About This Again, But What the Hell . . .
(This piece appeared in my now defunct fight blog, Pinoy Fight Scribe, in 2012.)
WBO welterweight champion Manny Pacquiao and WBC welterweight titlist Floyd Mayweather Jr. are, undoubtedly, the two biggest attractions in the sport of boxing today. Both fighters possess speed, power, ring smarts, and tough chins—attributes that have catapulted them to superstardom. Both boxers also possess varying fighting styles that, needless to say, promises an intriguing and mouthwatering matchup: Pacquiao's relentless, unorthodox, and blitzkrieg offensive attack against Mayweather's outstanding defensive skills and counterpunching prowess. This matchup is a boxing fan's dream come true: one of the game's best boxer-punchers in Pacquiao fighting one of the game's best counterpunching stylists in Mayweather.
The news announcing both Pacquiao and Mayweather officially signing to fight different opponents signals the end of the much-heralded fight of the century for the time being and is, certainly, bad news. But on the flipside, this also signals the start of a moving-on phase that can only be good for boxing and for countless boxing fans who have been reduced to helpless pawns amid all the taunting and posturing by both camps the past several months.
That said, both boxers' choice of opponents deserves a cursory glance, if only to make sense of the madness of it all.
– After Pacquiao struggled against Juan Manuel Marquez in their third fight, a close fight that Pacquiao won by majority decision and a fight that not a few boxing pundits believed should have been awarded to Marquez, the consensus—both spoken and unspoken—around Boxlandia was that Mayweather was next for Pacquiao. But when feeble attempts at negotiations to make the dream fight fizzled out, several prospective opponents for Pacquiao cropped up overnight: Marquez, Cotto, Bradley, and even Lamont Peterson.
– Marquez was out of the running as a potential opponent for Pacquiao soon after he voiced out several demands before a fourth fight could happen, demands that Top Rank head honcho Bob Arum deemed too unreasonable, even crazy: a venue other than Las Vegas, neutral judges, and a bigger purse. (But Marquez was probably out of the running as a potential opponent for Pacquiao as early as the end of the third fight when everyone realized that the Mexican was the perfect foil for Pacquiao.) Marquez will, most probably, fight another rumored Pacquiao opponent, Lamont Peterson in mid July.
– Cotto was the initial pick by Pacquiao, but the Puerto Rican made it clear that he wouldn't fight below 150 pounds. Cotto has been campaigning at 154 for his past three fights already, and Pacquiao wanted the fight at a catchweight of 145. It seems that the weight played a huge factor in Cotto's decision to choose Mayweather, especially since the latter agreed to move up in weight to challenge Cotto.
– Timothy Bradley is young, undefeated, a good boxer with decent-enough skills, someone who has defeated quality opponents. But Bradley is not exactly a power puncher and is going up in weight to fight Pacquiao, a fighter who has been campaigning as a full-fledged welterweight for a total of five fights now. Pacquiao has dominated naturally bigger guys like Oscar De La Hoya, Cotto, Margarito, Joshua Clottey, and Shane Mosley and has only shown difficulties against defensive counterpunchers like Marquez. Bradley is not a defensive counterpuncher, is smaller, and will take the fight to Pacquiao. Problem is, Pacquiao tends to make mincemeat out of offensive-minded fighters who take the fight to him, especially someone smaller and who has no power punch.
– A curious thing about this fight is that Mayweather has been avoiding Cotto for the longest time. This was when Cotto was still in his prime, when he was still undefeated, before he was beaten to a bloody pulp by Antonio Margarito and Pacquiao. Just recently, Mayweather dismissed Cotto as a potential opponent, saying he wouldn't fight any of "Pacquiao's leftovers." Until now, that is.
– Cotto may be the naturally bigger man, but he is not the same fighter many years ago that Mayweather had been ducking. Mayweather, being the shrewd, cagey boxer/businessman that he is, won't risk his undefeated record. He took the fight because he knows that he can—and will—beat this version of Cotto.
Posted on April 17, 2015 by Mark Lorenzana Posted in Boxing	Tagged Boxing, Floyd Mayweather Jr., Manny Pacquiao, Miguel Cotto, Timothy Bradley	Leave a comment


A 62-year-old woman sustained serious injuries in a hit-and-run car crash that occurred on January 4, 2012, around 6:15 p.m. at Heacock Street and Kernwood Drive. According to Riverside County sheriff's officials, the victim was crossing a street in Moreno Valley when she was struck by a northbound dark-colored mid-1990s Honda two-door car with a black hood.
The victim suffered severe head injuries and broken bones and was immediately transported to Riverside County Regional Medical Center in Moreno Valley for medical treatment. From the present information, it is evident that the negligent driving and irresponsible actions of the motorist led to this serious car accident.
The victim's family members should immediately seek counsel from an experienced Riverside County pedestrian accident lawyer who would educate them about their legal rights. The victim's family members may file a personal injury claim to obtain compensation to cover medical, hospital and treatment cost, and other accident-related damages.
Our personal injury law office hopes that the injuries suffered by the victim heal soon and do not prove fatal.
Ross Jurewitz represents people injured in Riverside County hit-and-run crashes and is the managing lawyer of the Jurewitz Law Group, a California personal injury law firm dedicated to representing families of people injured or killed in pedestrian accidents. If you or a loved one has been killed or injured in a hit-and-run accident in Moreno Valley due to a negligent driver, please order your free copy of the California hit-and-run car accident book. It is full of helpful information that will help you protect your legal rights and it is free to all California residents.


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Nicola Williams is a judge, ombudsman and novelist. Called to the bar in 1985, she has been a part-time Crown Court Judge since 2009. She has been Commissioner at the Independent Police Complaints Commission, Complaints Commissioner for the Cayman Islands and the first ever Service Complaints Ombudsman for the UK Armed Forces. She has served on many boards, won a Cosmopolitan magazine Woman of Achievement Award and been listed as one of the 100 most influential Black people in the UK. She's the author of a legal thriller, Without Prejudice, which was reissued in a series curated by Bernardine Evaristo in 2020. Her second novel, Until Proven Innocent, will be published in March 2023. In this podcast, Nicola talks about ambition and the joy of justice.
You can listen to the podcast here: Judge and novelist Nicola Williams on ambition and the joy of justice
Motivational expert Sharath Jeevan OBE on how to reignite your inner drive


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Toronto FC vs. New York Red Bulls, July 20, 2013
MLSNT1307200026.JPG
July 20, 2013: New York Red Bulls midfielder Dax McCarty #11 walks off the pitch after the warm-up during a game between Toronto FC and the New York Red Bulls at BMO Field in Toronto, Ontario Canada.
The game ended in a 0-0 draw.
Toronto FC vs New York Red Bulls


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Rising revenue risks
By Mehtab Haider.
Mon, 12, 19
Pakistan's fiscal miseries continue challenging policymakers and the latest is the billowing revenue collection shortfall, which if not made up for in time, is going to have adverse impacts for International Monetary Fund- (IMF) sponsored bailout package under Extended Facility Programme (EFF) worth $6 billion.
It's becoming evident with every passing month the Federal Board of Revenue's (FBR) desired tax collection target of Rs5,503 billion is totally unrealistic and unattainable and the government and IMF would have to revise it downward somewhere in the ongoing fiscal year.
During the first review talks, concluded last month, it was agreed, at one stage, the revenue collection target would be slashed down by Rs233 billion against Pakistan's demand of Rs300 billion.
However, the fund team refused to give this concession to Pakistan on the eve of the first review because it must be hard for even the IMF team to sell out its programme before its executive board with adjustments in targets at a nascent stage. But it's a fact it was a wrong assumption on both the IMF and Pakistani officials' part that the revenue growth was targeted at over 40 percent when the economic growth was in strain owing to massive macroeconomic adjustments under the fund's conditions.
With a nominal growth of 14.5 percent, the real gross domestic product (GDP) growth projection at 2.4 percent, and inflation hovering around 11 to 12 percent, the expectation of revenue growth in the range of 40 to 44 percent is beyond imagination.
Pakistani authorities argued compression reduced the import bill by $5 billion so the tax collected at import stage, about 50 percent, also faced the same dent so there was no other way out but to slash the overall target accordingly to adjust it in line with new emerging realities on the economic front.
The IMF is expected to dispatch its team for undertaking second review of its programme by February 2020 so Pakistani authorities will be making fresh requests to the fund team for revising the FBR's collection target downward, while the non-tax revenue target might be readjusted upward to keep the fiscal deficit and primary deficit unchanged under the loan programme.
The FBR was facing massive revenue shortfall of Rs220 billion in the first five months (July-Nov) of the current fiscal year as it collected Rs1,608 billion against an envisaged target of Rs1,828.4 billion.
Faced with an increased shortfall, the FBR has been left with no other option but to request the IMF again for a relief in the annual collection target. The FBR has received 15,90,000 income tax returns so far against over 10,60,000 in the same period last fiscal year.
After the collection of Rs1,603 billion in first five months of the current fiscal year, the FBR will have to collect Rs3,895 billion in remaining seven months (Dec-June) period to display the figure of Rs5,503 billion on its collection board on June 30, 2020. It is a highly ambitious target so the FBR has started thinking to convince the IMF in the next review mission, expected to take place in the first week of February 2020, for easing this humungous task. The tax collection witnessed a shortfall of Rs220 billion mainly because of import compression of over Rs500 billion, so given the situation, it was amazing the FBR was achieving an overall growth in the range of 14 to 15 percent so far when the economic activities have come to a crawl.
The FBR has provisionally collected Rs325 billion taxes in November 2019 against the target of Rs381.4 billion, a shortfall of Rs56.4 billion just in one month.
Moreover, it provisionally received Rs1,608 billion during July-November FY20 against a target of Rs1,828.4 billion, reflecting a deficit of Rs220.4 billion.
During July-October FY20, the FBR had collected Rs1,283 billion against a target of Rs1,447 billion, which translates into a shortfall of Rs164 billion.
Around Rs1,380 billion were collected during July-November FY19, while in July-November FY20 the provisional collection was Rs1,608 billion, an increase of Rs228 billion (14.3 percent).
The tax body brought in Rs320 billion in October 2019 and has maintained overall increase of 16 percent over the last year and domestic tax over 25 percent. This was after taking into account the negative aspect of import contraction of around Rs50 billion.
Independent economists are suggesting the FBR could maximise its collection up to Rs4,400 to Rs4,500 billion in the current fiscal with its existing pace so a downward revision is on cards.
It's just a matter of time when the government and IMF choose to concede this fact.
If it happens, then the ball will be in the court of 'non-tax revenue collection', which means the Privatisation Commission will be firing all its cylinders to get the job done in the months ahead.
The Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf-led government would have to materialise privatisation proceeds of certain important transactions down the line this fiscal year.
If these proceeds are not realised, the budget deficit might escalate in worse of ways, stirring up a storm that could actually sink the IMF programme in the months to come.
Pakistan had so far performed well for passing the first review as the IMF's Executive Board was expected to take up Pakistan's request for approving the first review and second tranche worth $445 million within the first two weeks of December 2019.
However, the government and its economic team will have to be extremely heedful while devising an effective fiscal strategy as wallowing over curtailing only current account deficit and extending greetings to each other is not going to help, because it also indicates the economy is slowing down, which is bad news for the fiscal front.
The FBR's performance as well as the extent of non-tax revenue collection over next two quarters will determine the fate of the IMF programme as non-materialisation of revenues runs the risk of bringing it to a premature end after the second review, so careful analysis and timely action is advised.
The writer is a staff member
More From Money Matters
Any contingency plan?
By Zeeshan Haider
Wind is at our back
By Hussain Ahmad Siddiqui
Public insult, private apology
By Sirajuddin Aziz
© 2020 THE NEWS INTERNATIONAL Back To Top


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Osman Abbas o Osman Abas fou un amir de Tamerlà, posat des de 1380 al servei de Miran Xah al Khurasan, participant en servei d'aquest a diverses campanyes de Tamerlà.

Quan el 1380 Tamerlà va nomenar virrei o governador del Khurasan al seu fill Miran Shah va designar com amirs ajudants a Osman Abbas, Jahanghin Barles (germà d'Hajji Barles), Hajji Saif al-Din Barles, Ak Bugha, Kumar o Komari Inak (germà de Temuke Bahadur) , Taban Bahadur, Urur Bugha (germà de Sar Bugha), Pir Husayn Barles, Hamza Taychi'ut (fill de Musa Taychi'ut). Muhammad Qazaghan, Sarik Etek, Muzaffar (fill de Utx Kara Bahadur) i altres amirs amb 50 companyies de cavalleria.

En la campanya de Kiptxak de 1389, l'avantguarda fou posada sota comandament de Timur Kutluq (fill d'Urus Khan i enemic de Toktamish), Sevinjik Bahadur i Osman Bahadur. Van buscar a l'enemic i en van trobar algun grup dispers al que van atacar i van matar alguns però bona part es va salvar creuant el riu Artsh, afluent del Sihun.

A la campanya de Mogolistan del 1390, Timur va enviar un contingent d'uns vint mil soldats dirigits per Sulayman Xah, Kudadad Husayni, Shams al-Din Abas i el seu germà Osman Abas. Van passar el Sihun a Taixkent; es van dirigir cap a Issyghel on van trobar a l'emir Malik Apardi amb el seu fill Bekek Apardi i als amirs turcmans Badir i Sadir que amb cinc mil homes venien d'Andijan enviats per Umar Xaikh que se'ls van unir. Junts van arribar a les muntanyes Geuktopa on es van informar d'on estaven els enemics. Van anar a Arjatu on van trobar un grup del qual una part fou mort i la resta presoners. Van seguir de manera similar per les diverses províncies dels jats i van arribar fins més enllà d'Almaligh travessant nadant el riu Abyle i van arribar a Karatal, on estava la horda d'Ankatura on van saber que l'avantguarda d' Olajia Bugha Mutxel Katxi havia trobat a Kamar al-Din Khan en un camp de cacera, s'hi havia enfrontat i la major part dels homes dels dos costats havien resultat morts; es van enviar alguns emirs per obtenir informació del que havia passat i quan van arribar al lloc van trobar molts morts per terra, i un guerrer de la Horda de Malangu que encara era viu i havia sobreviscut menjant nomes herbes durant 40 dies. Fou portat al campament i va revelar que al final de la batalla els homes de Timur havien acabat fugint i que Kamar al-Din havia marxat cap a Itxna Boutxna. Cap allà es van dirigir els amirs, i van arribar a Uker Keptadgi on van deixar l'equipament i van seguir depresa fins a l'Irtish. Alli van saber que Kamar al-Din ja havia passat cap a un bosc proper a Taulas. Van restar uns dies a la zona passant el riu només per gravar els noms i armes en alguns pins de l'altre costat del riu per acreditar pel futur que la gent de Timur havia arribat fins allí, però com que feia sis mesos que havien marxat i no tenien provisions i havien de viure de la cacera i començava a venir el fred, van decidir retornar. Van retornar per Altun Kaurke, passant pel costat d'un gran llac anomenat Etrak Gheul i després de molts dies de llargues marxes van arribar a Samarcanda.

El 1393 en la campanya de Pèrsia contra els muzaffàrides, fou enviat al Kirman i fou l'amir que va dirigir el saqueig dels bens del muzaffàrida Sultan Ahmad. En la campanya del mateix any Osman Abbas fou ferit en un combat, probablement a Tikrit o rodalies, i va romandre a Bagdad convalescent rebent una pensió de mil dinars

El 1395 en la campanya del Caucas, estant Tamerlà prop del mont Elbrús, va rebre una denuncia des de Samarcanda contra l'amir Osman Abas i li va donar credit (tot i que segonbs Yazdi era infundada) i va ordenar la seva execució.

Referències

Amirs de Tamerlà