When was the last time you used a map? Was it on a road trip, hiking through the mountains, exploring an unknown area, searching for buried treasure, avoiding traffic with your GPS, or locating a foreign city? Maps are used all over the world for all sorts of things. Every one is the creation of a skilled cartographer.
Cartographers, or mapmakers, create, design, and produce maps. Society depends on them. Maps are key for road construction, weather forecasting, fishing, skiing, land planning, real estate, search and rescue, forest management, mineral prospecting, navigation, aviation, and plenty of other fields.
Maps show us our surroundings in a way that we can understand and use.
The skill and art of mapmaking has been around since the beginning of time. Originally maps were based on what people saw and remembered, or imagined. With constantly evolving technology, cartographers are changing the field. Cartographers use software like CAD or GIS (See: GIS Specialist Jobs) to create maps and store them in databases. Technology makes it easy to update and share information. What would the world be without Google Maps or GPS?
Every map has a purpose and it's up to the cartographer to define that purpose. A cartographer must create a map that easy to read and understand. They must determine what is relevant and what is important. This is often dictated by what they are mapping – stars, roads, topography, the world, the ocean, cities, or weather.
Maps come in different shapes, sizes, and mediums. Maps can be paper, 3D, or virtual. They can be to scale like topographic maps with contour lines or topological like a subway system map. The style of map depends on what it represents. A 3D map may be good to represent the plans for a golf course community, a paper map is ideal for a road atlas, and a virtual map is ideal for a backpacker's GPS.
Cartographers determine what to include on every map. Most maps have a compass, scale, legend, publication date, color definitions, and other important things. But it is up to the mapmaker to decide what mountain peaks, back roads, rest areas, or trails to include. No map can include everything, but some mapmakers think it is funny to include phantom mountain peaks or fictitious names just to see if you are paying attention.
The most important aspect of any map is its accuracy. An inaccurate map is absolutely worthless. Cartographers use aerial photos, satellite images, surveying equipment, laser range finders, GPS, specialized cameras, drafting instruments, and scanners to help them model the Earth. Most of the time they create their maps from an office.
Only occasionally do they get to visit and explore the places they map.
Cartographers usually go to school for geological information science, engineering, or physical sciences. They need an education in science, cartography, and design software. Cartographers need to develop a professional portfolio of completed maps. A polished portfolio will help them land a job in the private mapping sector or work with the federal government.
Mapmaking is a nice mix of design and science. It can be challenging to create the perfect map, but the ultimate goal of every map is that it is useful and easy to read and understand. This ancient profession is one that continues to let people explore the globe. It is a profession that is always advancing. As long as roads are built, political boundaries, and terrain changes cartographers will have job security.


I have a client whose next-door neighbour is happy with my client's proposed works to his property, but my client knows from past experience that the Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996) may affect him. Because my client and the neighbour agree what will be done, how it will be done and when it will be done, do they still need to use the Act's machinery?
If the PWA 1996 applies to your client's proposed works, he cannot agree with his neighbour to somehow "contract out" of it. Either the Act applies, or it does not. Assuming it does, your client should take the precautionary step of complying with it. The parties' informal or formal agreement may be recorded in a form that complies with the Act. This could help your client if, unfortunately, he does fall out with his neighbour over the works, if there is a change of ownership next door, or if your client wants to sell his property.
To explain how the PWA 1996 operates, it may be helpful to work through two examples. These examples assume that your client is the sole building owner of his property, and the neighbour he is dealing with is the sole adjoining owner of the affected property (section 20, PWA 1996).
In this example, your client plans to erect a building or structure within three metres of his neighbour's buildings or structures, and that building or structure will require foundations deeper than those of his neighbour's (section 6(1), PWA 1996).
Your client must follow the procedure set out in section 6; it is not enough simply to reach an agreement with his neighbour, even if that agreement is in writing.
The site and depth of any excavation your client proposes to make.
The site of your client's proposed building or structure.
Your client's neighbour may consent to the notice within 14 days of receiving it, so, if your client has agreed how to proceed with his neighbour, he should consider whether it is appropriate for him and his neighbour to agree the form of notice and the form of consent, and then simply exchange them (sections 6(5) – 6(7), PWA 1996).
Note that your client must begin his works within 12 months and must "prosecute" his works "with due diligence" (section 6(8), PWA 1996).
In this example, your client needs to repair a crumbling garden wall, which is a party fence wall (section 20, PWA 1996). To keep the example simple, he intends to rebuild the wall "as is".
Your client has the right to carry out these works under section 2(2)(l) of the PWA 1996.
On the face of it, section 3(1) of the Act requires your client to serve a party structure notice on his neighbour.
In other words, for some types of works, while still complying with the PWA 1996, written consent from the adjoining owner (without the official form of notice) can suffice.
What other works fall within the "written consent" exception?
Underpinning and other support works.
Cutting into the wall for any reason (like to insert a damp proof course).
The PWA 1996 has its advocates and its detractors. Whichever camp you fall into, it does contain some quirks and traps for the unwary, and this article can only scratch the surface. Don't try and avoid the Act: perhaps better to read it carefully and use it fully.
What if a developer on sale of a property includes a proviso that the developer on development of adjoining land will not be obliged to follow the procedure?
While we can't go into the specifics of any given situation, we anticipate that the parties should follow the PWA 1996's procedures.
Could the proviso set out who had been appointed as party wall surveyor(s) and (if possible) set out the agreed form of an award, with the signed award to be exchanged alongside other completion documents?
Alternatively, if the works fall into the section 3(3) scenario referred to above, then could the formal sale agreement itself include the "written consent" referred to?
Whatever the practical difficulties with these possibilities and whatever the parties' intentions, it seems to us that the Act does not formally allow for an "opt-out".
If a party wall award has been subsequently amended by agreement between each neighbours surveyor, and the amendment places an obligation on one party to maintain the gutter, does this agreement need to be made as a deed of covenant in order to register it and bind successors in title or does it have "overriding" status?
As this is obviously a positive covenant, and if a deed of covenant is required, does this need to be worded in a specific way in order to bind successors in title?
Sean, you are correct that you will need to enter into a Deed of Covenant. A party wall award cannot impose future obligations on either party. The award can only deal with the works to which it relates.
As positive covenants do not run with the land, you have a choice as to how to attempt to ensure the obligation passes. I suggest you look at PLC Property's Practice note, Positive covenants in transfers: what to consider? and Toolkit: covenants relating to land. PLC Property also publishes a number of precedent positive covenants, which you may find useful.
Can my neighbours build an extension to their property, which requires the extension wall replacing the current boundary wall, WITHOUT having the Party Wall Agreement in place? Is it an a legal obligation for them to have a PWA in place? Or is the Act there as a best practice guideline to prevent disputes and prevent costly injunctions.
I have been told that it is optional and that if they do not wish to get a PWA in place there is nothing I can do. Further I have been told that many surveyors find this a frustrating aspect of the law. If the PWA is in place then adherence to the Agreement is a must but it is not 100% essential for there to be a PWA in place at all. Please advise.
A building owner's obligations under the PWA 1996 are statutory. If the building owner carries out works without complying with those statutory obligations, it will be deprived of the PWA 1996's protection because it will have failed to comply with the statutory regime and will have failed to engage the PWA 1996 at all.
Any damage or loss sustained by an adjoining owner (you, in your example) as a consequence of works carried out without first giving notice, obtaining consent or obtaining a valid award under the PWA 1996 is actionable in private nuisance (Louis v Sadiq (1997) 74 P&CR 325). Additionally, the building owner may be liable in trespass. The most common remedy is for the adjoining owner to apply to the court for an injunction.
We discuss these issues in Practice note, The Party Wall etc. Act 1996 (PWA 1996):Failure to comply with the PWA 1996 and breaches of statutory duty.
A neighbour (Building Owner) obtained planning consent to build a side on extension between the corridor part of terraced victorian houses. a the present time a party fence wall is found astride the boundary. The Building Owner wishes to remove the existing party fence wall and in its place erect his new wall in its place and in this way form a new party wall. The existing party fence wall is 224 mm and the new party wall will be approx. 310mm. My reading of the Act tells me that unless the Building Owner has written consent within 14 days then he mist build on his own land. Is this the case? Also if he went onto build a new wall with a section width of 310mm then he will be encroaching into my garden by a small amount. Is this permissible?
My neighbours and I have a legal right of way through the back of all our gardens (easement). As we are a terrace of houses this allows for work to be carried out on the back (whether this be construction and/or window cleaning etc). However, my party wall surveyor is stating in the award that I will need to provide 14 days notice in order to enter these gardens to access my back garden. This doesn't seem fair or appropriate?


text:
12/12 Games Presents: The 12 Best Games Of 2017
Happy New Year! Wait, is 2017 over already? Well, that was a (bluish) blur! Since another year has come and gone, that means it is time once again for us to announce our picks for the top 12 greatest games to come out over the last 12 months. It wasn't an easy job, and it's a safe bet our selections won't resonate with everyone, but we feel pretty happy with them. So without further ado, we proudly present, the 12 best games of 2017.
#12 Super Mario Odyssey
-Developer: Nintendo
-Available On: Switch
There were two big Switch games that everyone was talking about in 2017. One of them was The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild (which we will get to in a moment). The other was Super Mario Odyssey. But while Breath of the Wild more or less succeeded in living up to its surrounding hype, Odyssey, came up a bit short. For starters, the multiplayer options were considerably lacking. Especially following the fantastic party game feel of Mario's last main-series appearance, in Super Mario 3D World. Also, there were several odd, if not outright questionable, design choices. That being said, while Odyssey may not be quite the killer app 3D World was, at the end of the day, it's still a Mario game. As such, even despite these shortcomings, the overall quality is still high enough, and the game is just infectiously fun enough, to secure a spot on our list.
#11 The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild
-Available On: Switch, Wii U
The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild was a long time coming. Initially announced in 2013 and planned for a 2015 release, the game was anticipated by many as the one title that could finally turn things around for Nintendo's struggling Wii U console. Unfortunately, it was delayed several times and instead ended up becoming that system's swan song (as well as the game that sold a million Switches). As a launch title for the Wii U's replacement, the game could not have performed better, far surpassing even Nintendo's "wildest" expectations. For a while the game even boasted a console attach rate of greater than 100%, which means that more people owned a copy of Breath of the Wild than they did a console to play it on! (Though that may be mostly attributable to the confoundingly scarce availability of the Switch during its first six months on the market.)
The reasons for the game's incredible popularity aren't difficult to fathom. For starters, The Legend of Zelda series has long been one of the most important properties in the history of gaming. It also helps that Breath of the Wild is such a remarkable entry in that franchise. Taking inspiration from classics like the Elder Scrolls games, as well as the original Legend of Zelda itself, Breath of the Wild is epic in scale and exceptional in value, providing potentially hundreds of hours of sword-swinging, arrow-shooting, shield-riding entertainment.
#10 Battle Chasers: Nightwar
-Publisher: THQ
-Available On: GOG, Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
Battle Chasers: Nightwar is an Eastern-style RPG with a Western art style, compliments of the prominent comic book artist, Joe Madureira. The game is based around Madureira's former comic book series by the same name (which he is reportedly planning to pick up again in the near future). You may also know Madureira's work from the visually delightful Darksiders game, which he helped create prior to forming the studio that developed Nightwar. The gameplay in Battle Chasers is inspired by the JRPGs of old, and while the game does tend to get a bit grindy and tedious in the later stages, it is still a pretty fun game overall. But where the game really shines though (of course), is the visuals. Nearly every image of Madureira's fantastic comic book style is a feast for the eyes, colorful and gorgeous. When combined with the excellent sound design and a great story, to boot, the result is an indie game that is definitely worth checking out.
#09 Persona 5
-Developer: Atlus
-Available On: PlayStation 4, PlayStation 3
The Persona series has been associated with quality for a good 20 years or so now. Persona 4, in particular, received very high praise when it was released back in 2008. (Even Persona 4's two spin-off fighting games turned out to be quite exceptional.) So, it comes as little surprise that 2017's Persona 5 would stay true to form. In fact, each successive game in the series seems to actually surpass the last. Which means that 5 isn't just good, it's quite possibly one of the best JRPGs ever made. Like other games in the series, Persona 5 just oozes style and personality. It has an excellent, engaging story, unique and interesting characters, and dozens, if not hundreds, of hours of gameplay. If you own a PlayStation 4 (or 3), Persona 5 should absolutely be in your collection.
#08 Nier: Automata
-Developer: PlatinumGames
-Available On: Steam, PlayStation 4
Nier: Automata is the Square Enix published follow-up to the critically-divisive 2010 action RPG, Nier. Though Nier: Automata officially makes it a series, the original Nier was actually a spinoff of the equally divisive three-game Drakengard series. But while nobody could agree on those previous four games, everyone seems to recognize that Nier: Automata is a hit. So what does this game have that those other ones didn't? In a word, PlatinumGames.
With a number of hit action games under their belt already (Vanquish, Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance, and Bayonetta, to name a few), PlatinumGames was the perfect choice for Square Enix to have develop their next title. The expertise they were able to bring to the table allowed them to single-handedly turn the Drakengard/Nier series from a somewhat forgettable/fringe property into one of the most talked-about experiences of the year. You may have skipped some of the previous entries, but you sure can't skip this one.
#07 Horizon: Zero Dawn
-Developer: Guerrilla
-Available On: PlayStation 4
One of the most impressive titles to be released in 2017 was the post-apocalyptic robot-hunter, Horizon: Zero Dawn. Guerrilla's first non-Killzone game since they created that franchise (all the way back in 2004), Horizon: Zero Dawn proves beyond a shadow of a doubt that Guerrilla isn't simply a one-note studio. Though the game takes liberal amounts of inspiration from other popular franchises such as Far Cry, Tomb Raider, and Monster Hunter, it manages to blend the best bits of them all together into a deliciously smooth experience and flavor, all its own. Add to that the fantastic graphics, incredible voice-acting, and a truly amazing musical score and you've easily got one of the best games of the year.
#06 Dirt 4
-Developer: Codemasters
-Available On: Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
In 2015, after four long years and a couple of missteps, Dirt: Rally finally got the once-loved Dirt series back on track. It might have even taken the crown as the best racing game of that year had it not been for a certain Xbox title called Forza Motorsport 6. Fast forward 2 years and again we were treated to a showdown between the two legendary racing properties. In 2017 however, it was Forza that took a wrong turn. Meanwhile, Dirt 4 picked a good line to follow by bringing back much of what made Dirt: Rally such a strong contender, while including some interesting new additions to boot. The racing is fast and fun, the graphics look great, and the lot of modes are enough to keep any racing fanatic busy for days. If you were looking for a great racing game, look no further. Dirt 4 leaves the competition in the dust.
#05 Arms
Best Switch Exclusive
-Available On: Switch
Similar to their 2015 hit Splatoon, Arms seemed like something of an unorthodox choice for Nintendo. But if any company has the skill to take a totally common genre, put a family-friendly spin on it, and make it something truly new and special (on their first try, no less), it's Nintendo. With Splatoon it was the third-person shooter genre, and now Arms has done this for 3D fighting games. Where 2017's highly-anticipated fighter Tekken 7 ended up feeling a bit stale and uninspired, Arms was a new and exciting breath of fresh air. The creative character designs, the addictive elastic-armed boxing style, and the impressive graphics all helped to make Arms the uncontested surprise Switch hit of the year.
#04 Injustice 2
-Developer: NetherRealm
-Available On: Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One
So, I guess it's fair to say that Warner Bros and DC had their share of ups and downs in 2017. What should have been their most important movie of the decade, Justice League, was a titanic flop, while the lower-budgeted Wonder Woman film turned out to be a wondrous success. Fortunately, their highly-anticipated fighting game, Injustice 2 (developed by the maker of the superb Mortal Kombat games), was more hit than miss. While the game did have a few unfortunate issues, such as microtransaction-encouraging currencies and the ridiculous inclusion of those oh so loathsome loot boxes, the rest of Injustice 2 is so face-punchingly good it's almost enough to overlook those shortcomings. With refined gameplay, eye-popping graphics, and great new DC characters to play with, Injustice 2 easily surpasses the original and reigns supreme as the best fighting game of 2017.
#03 Sonic Mania
Best Multi-Platform Game
-Publisher: SEGA
-Available On: Steam, PlayStation 4, Xbox One, Switch
Sonic Mania was the surprise hit, not only of the year, not even the decade, but the surprise hit of the century. That's because it's the first great Sonic Game to come out this century. Sadly, there hadn't been any great Sonic games in the last 17 years. That's not to say Sega hadn't been trying. There'd been more than plenty of average and below-average attempts. But it wasn't until they allowed Christian Whitehead, an enthusiastic Sonic fan who had previously created the excellent 2011 HD port of Sonic CD, to help design a worthy tribute to Sonic's acclaimed 2D days, that Sega was finally able to recapture the magic. If you were ever a fan of Sonic the Hedgehog, or great 2D platformers in general, this one is not to be missed.
#02 Yakuza 0
Best PlayStation 4 Exclusive
-Developer: SEGA
You may recall that our pick for best 2015 PlayStation 3 exclusive was Yakuza 5. That shouldn't seem surprising, given that nearly every entry in Sega's long-running series is a well-crafted, action-packed, and culture-rich (not to mention thoroughly entertaining) crime story. Like Yakuza 5, Yakuza 0 is no exception. Set as a series prequel (hence the zero), Yakuza 0 gives you a pretty fantastic 1980's Japan to play around in. The game features an amazing story, improved visuals (courtesy of the series finally moving to PlayStation 4), a number of delightful diversions (including minigame multiplayer, and four playable classic '80s arcade games), and enough compelling gameplay to keep a person occupied for a good long while. As long as Sega keeps putting out top-notch Yakuza games, we may well have to keep putting them near the top of our lists.
#01 Divinity: Original Sin II
Best PC Exclusive, Game of the Year
-Developer: Larian Studio
-Available On: GOG, Steam
In 2014, Belgian developer Larian Studios released the fifth entry in their then 12-year-old Divinity series. A series that, up to that point, had not been able to garner them much success or acclaim. So they decided to make some changes for their next title. After having dabbled with third-person mechanics for their latter two games, Larian decided to return to their isometric roots for Divinity: Original Sin. They also ditched the action-oriented gameplay in favor of a more traditional turn-based style. To compensate for the old-school feel, Larian added lots of modern features to the game and polished everything to a brilliant shine. The final product was an instant success, and, along with an enhanced re-release a year later, was extremely well-received by fans and critics alike.
In 2017, Larian leveraged the experience they had gained to enchant their fans for a second turn. By taking everything that had made Original Sin a hit and refining it further, with additional features, expanded multiplayer options, and still more polish, Larian was able to craft an even better follow-up. Divinity: Original Sin II is the kind of game that will suck you in and keep you playing it for months on end. It may have taken them a while to find their rhythm, but it's clear that Larian has the right formula now, and with it they have ably succeeded in claiming the crown for best game of 2017.
We hope you enjoyed reading about some of our favorite games from 2017. We also hope that you will take the time to experience some of them for yourselves and see if you don't agree. As always, feel free to share your thoughts and/or your own picks in the comments below.
[Images: SEGA, Nintendo, THQ, Atlus, PlatinumGames, Guerrilla, Codemasters, NetherRealm, Larian Studios]

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Reading: Developing a reusable methodology to conduct a review of library resources
Developing a reusable methodology to conduct a review of library resources
Alison Brock
E-content Advisor The Open University Library, GB
In the academic year 2017–18 The Open University Library was asked to examine its collection and content acquisition policies as part of an institution-wide review of services to students and staff. For the part of the project looking at best value of the Library content service, we wanted to review the 'higher-cost' content held by the Library, which was in the main the larger journal packages. From the project, we developed a methodology for conducting reviews of our Library resources in much greater depth than we did previously. As part of this process, we also carried out an in-depth overlap analysis for resources that contain full text content. The reason for the development of this methodology was to identify just how much 'redundancy' there was in the Library collections, as well as identifying unique selling points of certain collections. Also, by examining the subject coverage of the content we reviewed, we were able to show how well our content aligned with the teaching of the University outlined in the 2018 curriculum plan. The approach we took to this project offers a fresh perspective on how such review tasks can be undertaken in libraries. The methodologies developed could provide a useful tool to others wishing to carry out a similar review.
Keywords: Library, usage, methodology, review, evaluate, content
How to Cite: Brock, Alison. 2020. "Developing a Reusable Methodology to Conduct a Review of Library Resources". Insights 33 (1): 2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Accepted on 18 Nov 2019 Submitted on 09 Oct 2019
In 2018 The Open University Library undertook a project to review some of its higher-cost resources, partly to show justification for the Library's existing budget but also to look at how the content aligned with the University's 2018 curriculum plan. A project team consisting of the Senior Library Manager (Content & Licensing), an E-content Advisor (Academic Librarian) and a Senior Library Assistant was given eight months to carry out this work, along with other tasks including a staffing requirements analysis and literature reviews of Library budget management and research use of Library content. The team agreed to start the project by developing a methodology for our resource reviews and using this to evaluate the resources identified as higher-cost content.
As part of this work, we discussed how we should go about conducting the reviews and decided to begin by asking ourselves the question, 'Why are reviews like this needed?'
One of our starting points was to look at the international project TERMS (Techniques for Electronic Resources Management) which began in 2008 and grew out of a discussion between the TERMS authors over a lack of consistency in e-resource management practices. TERMS aimed to set out an e-resource life cycle and to define a set of best practice using real world examples gathered from libraries in the UK, US and worldwide. For many years TERMS was hosted as a Tumblr blog, so regular updates could be added. The documents in TERMS discussed how one key part of the life cycle is ongoing evaluation to ensure the resource remains of value to the institution in satisfying its research and teaching aims. TERMS suggests that once purchased, resources should be reviewed between three and five years after first purchase and then annually thereafter:
'The best evaluation of a product or service happens within a three- to five-year time frame. The arc of usage and user behavior is not fully realized until the third year of activity for any given resource or service. Evaluation of user behavior and usage data is important in building up a detailed picture of the appropriateness of the resource over time and is invaluable when it comes time to review the resource in the future'.1
The methodology we have developed takes the format of a series of questions about the resource to be evaluated and suggests the data to use for each stage of the evaluation. It was developed out of the Library's existing methods for evaluating our content using a lighter-touch annual resource review consisting of recording use (usually COUNTER data) for each resource, using metrics to show cost per use and providing minimal background information on the resource such as when it was purchased and for what purpose it is used.
It must be pointed out that the current methodology, as detailed below, has a significant weakness in that it does not involve any qualitative evaluation to ask users what their resource needs are and if they feel that their needs are being met by the resources provided. The lack of qualitative data to support resource reviews needs to be addressed by further research.
The methodology questions
We developed a list of questions to be answered for each resource. These were produced through workshops with other Senior Library Managers and initially reflected the questions we wanted to ask about large journal deal packages, but later evolved to also examine other higher-cost resources, such as e-book subscription packages.
The questions were:
What is the resource called?
What is the resource?
How long have we had the resource?
Why did we buy the resource initially?
How does use of the resource now differ from then?
What does the resource cost?
How do we currently buy the resource?
Is there any other way to buy the resource?
Are their options for downsizing within the current licence?
Would downsizing have any implications for staff time/cost?
What do we retain if we stop subscribing to the resource?
Who is paying for the resource?
Who is using the resource?
Why are they using the resource?
What are the trends in usage?
Is there a similar resource? If yes, then how do the two compare? What is the relative use of each?
What would be the impact of not having the resource?
Do other universities have the resource?
Each question was then answered using a mix of the quantitative data and other acquisition and licence records we hold. The data was stored in an Excel workbook created for each resource with a summary worksheet, and then other worksheets that provided tables, graphs and charts of the raw data. These files were then stored in our document management system, where anyone in the Library may access and review them.
Gathering the data and completing the reviews
In terms of gathering background information, it took a significant amount of time to track some resources through our records. We have extensive holdings of e-mail data, back to 2000, and large collections of paper licence files on most resources. Other paper records provided information further back, and for most online resources their original purchase is unlikely to be earlier than 1996 in the online format, although some were available previously as printed indexes or CD-ROMs. As we realized during the project how hard it can be to find this information, we now plan to record the rationale for purchase of a resource in our acquisition system and investigate in greater depth the possibility of storing licences for the product in electronic format.
Subject coverage
It has proved very useful to document more information about the resources and which subject areas they cover. The project has uncovered a potential lack of awareness of the sheer breadth and benefits of some resources the Library bought more than five years ago. If people are not aware of the content and coverage of the resources we already have, there is a danger they will buy very similar content from another provider, leading to duplication. If we understand the full content of what we have purchased, it will also help us to actively sell the benefits of our resources to faculty and students. These reviews should help in this process.
In order to understand how our collections aligned to the University's 2018 curriculum plan we looked at which subjects the resource covered and how these matched Open University teaching and research areas. Currently, the University has been classifying courses by JACS (Joint Academic Coding System)2 codes but is in the process of transferring to HECoS (Higher Education Classification of Subjects)3 codes. As this work was still under way, we decided to adopt the broader subject areas used for classifying and recording student numbers on the University's annual facts and figures reports. This enabled us to match those subject areas for all higher-cost resources and link it with student numbers in those subject areas over a seven-year period. Further work may be required to align resources with HECoS codes once fully adopted by the University.
The cost information for the last four academic years was available in the library management system (LMS), ExLibris' Alma, and so finding the information about the resource costs was relatively straightforward. This information was key to any cost-per-use analysis. The harder information to obtain in terms of costs was information about what individual journals or packages would cost outside deals. Sometimes even the providers were unable to give us such information easily. The information for the past four academic years about which faculty fund pays for the resource is held in our LMS. Any earlier data tends to be discoverable through e-mail records.
The data on how the Library buys the resource was held within our file of e-mail data and large holdings of paper licence files. For some resources, we were also able to refer to the active deal information on, for example, the Jisc website (the licence subscriptions manager site for UK academic libraries). In most cases, it is easy to distinguish which deal we have, but where there are complex deal offers it is not always clear exactly which elements of a deal we may have in place. In future this needs to be made more explicit on the order sheets when we make an order. The Library needs a systematic way of recording the elements of a deal we have taken when there is more than one option and this needs to be recorded in the LMS and with the original licence for the product.
Generally, for the bigger deals you could answer the question 'Is there any other way to buy the resource?' by looking at details of the deal. In some cases, you could find alternative options on the publisher or supplier's website. However, finding any cost information was harder without asking the provider directly. In most cases, the Library tended to buy the resource in the most cost-effective way at the time, although there were some resources where an alternative provider also offered the same collection for a similar cost, and the rationale for purchase might then be dictated more by the platform the product was available on. We recommend that in future, each renewal should include allowance for the time and effort needed to look at the alternative suppliers for any products.
When we looked at the implications for staff time or costs in changing how the Library bought a resource, the question was only answerable from experience of where we had previously changed elements of a deal or collection. Often even a simple change can lead to requirements in staff time in realigning access for the collection within the LMS. When there have been significant changes in the past, such as moving CRC Press content from subscriptions to an evidence-based access model, we have written up a recommendations document that details the implications of the change. Any significant moves or changes should be documented as case studies to supply information for future reference on how these affect staff time/costs.
Use in teaching
A significant amount of data on use of the resources was from our EZproxy4 log-in data and, using this, we could see which faculties were using each resource. We were also able to see whether the log-ins came from staff or students. The EZproxy data can also be interrogated further in terms of module use, though the time required to analyse the logs was not feasible in the scope of this project but has been used when we have looked at the impact of cancelling a resource in the past.
We use an in-house system called LibLink to record Library links being used in VLEs (virtual learning environments). This was particularly helpful for the large journal collections, where we can see if they use a general link to a journal title or more granular links to individual articles. We obtained data on submissions to the Open Research Online (ORO), the University's Open Access Repository,5 to act as a proxy for some element of research use for journal packages but, as mentioned previously, the only way to really answer this question is to ask the researchers themselves. A possible change in how we manage links for modules (e.g. moving to reading-list software) would have implications for this kind of data gathering going forward.
Usage trends and content overlap
For usage trends, the previous light-touch annual resource reviews held usage data back for several years (in many cases to the financial year 2012/13) and so were able to provide the usage data trends needed. What this project has shown is the value in retaining this data, which needs to be collected in a systematic and regularly occurring way. Like most Libraries, we rely on COUNTER data and have benefited greatly from the introduction of the JUSP (Jisc Usage Statistics Portal)6 as a method of harvesting, storing and maintaining COUNTER data for many of our resources. JUSP even provides trend reporting as a standard report and as a graphic.
In analysing the first group of resources, we looked at other potentially overlapping resources (only likely to apply to aggregated sources, since large journal collections don't overlap with each other). We used overlap analysis tools in our LMS,7 checking whether the titles were covered in any of our major aggregator collections. As the reviews progressed, it became clear that most resources had excellent use across the University and it would be unlikely we would wish to withdraw any of the major packages. However, there may be levels of overlap between aggregated sources and subject indexes that could be worth investigating. For database collections which are abstracts and indexes, we checked whether we have a collection covering the same subject area or looked at how the subjects covered would be indexed by Scopus or Web of Science. For book collections, we did an overlap analysis comparing the collection with aggregators such as Credo or Academic Complete. Another part of the reviews looked at this in detail and a separate overlap methodology was followed. As new resources are recommended, we need to actively analyse potential overlap with existing collections before purchase. This is especially important where the new resource is aggregated or a subject index.
Impact of loss of access
To look at the impact of not having the resource at all, we carried out a detailed analysis of usage at title level. This involved looking at the use of all titles included in a journal package and obtaining a list from the publishers of their current journal list prices (the price charged outside of a deal) to show the cost-per-use of each title. We then looked at how many of the titles, from the top-used titles down, we would be able to purchase at the same cost as that of the current deal. That also enabled us to see which titles we would no longer have access to if we had only bought the top-used titles. This is particularly relevant for the journal packages where we still buy individual subscriptions. Where the Library pays an access-fee only for some titles, they would be lost if we cancelled the deal.
Post-cancellation access is covered by the licences in many of the larger deals, but the title-by-title information and implications of cancelling a deal are very detailed, and specific to the individual collection. For some of the deals, we were able to give broad guidance on which years the Library would retain access for but, if a cancellation were to be made, each collection would need to be looked at in significant detail. Opportunities to find ways of managing post-cancellation access should be investigated, for example by participating in projects by Jisc8 and EDINA9 to help in this regard.
Some benchmarking data for the larger collections was available in JUSP and it was possible to see which of the large University groups had access to the collection and the use they made of it (in terms of overall usage figures). Using connections in other institutions, or by checking other library websites, it was possible to see who else had a subscription. Jisc Collections have also previously given us information on subscriptions to their deals by different Jisc bands.
We were very lucky as a project team to be given the time and resources to undertake this project, but needed to think carefully about how such work could be embedded within the Library's day-to-day work. Some of the lessons learned related to thinking ahead when purchasing resources and recording information in our LMS acquisition module. This would include information such as the purchasing rationale, why the content has been renewed and any analysis of alternative products that were carried out during the initial evaluation of the product. We have also found it very beneficial to align our resources to the subjects in the curriculum plan as it has proved helpful in demonstrating the Library's effectiveness to support students across the University. Another important finding was how it can be helpful for future collection development planning to evidence our earlier decisions about purchase, cancellation, or otherwise changing how we buy content. This can build a knowledge bank of best practice for similar decisions we have to make about our content.
Until this project was carried out, there had been no full examination of some of the overlap between the Library's content. The project team took advantage of the overlap analysis tools in Ex Libris' Alma to run comparisons between large collections and work out the unique selling point of particular resources to the Library's collections. This is something we recommend is carried out before any purchase the Library makes in the future. In terms of recommendations for publishers and suppliers, we suggest that thought is given to making it easier to see the exact composition of some of the larger packages they sell, ensuring they provide price lists for collections and individual titles on their websites, and especially provide details of post-cancellation access arrangements and our current holdings. For example, some publishers have provided us with Excel worksheets detailing our entitlements for their content, both front-file, back-file and archive content, which has enabled us to look at gaps in our holdings.
The development of this methodology has helped refine and enhance existing resource reviews and collection development policies. It has led to better understanding of the overall collections we offer and helped us to realize some efficiencies in data analysis and collection methods.
Following the methodology enabled us to examine in greater detail the higher-cost resources the Library buys. Some elements of the methodology need to be regularly updated (e.g. annually), whereas others will just need minimal updates as the resource evolves (e.g. the information about what it is). One caveat on the work carried out so far is that the methodology has been primarily used to analyse the large journal packages. Some of the questions would not require the same level of analysis for other types of resources, e.g. subject indexes, where there would not necessarily be an option to downsize, or any post-cancellation access.
The project team were able to use time spent during the project to calculate how much more time would be required to use the methodology to review other resources (that we called mid-cost content), and this has been used to develop further staff resource planning documents. We have since completed many more reviews and provided training to other staff in the team to enable them to keep the current reviews updated and create new ones when necessary.
A list of the abbreviations and acronyms used in this and other Insights articles can be accessed here – click on the URL below and then select the 'full list of industry A&As' link: http://www.uksg.org/publications#aa
The authors have declared no competing interests.
Jill Emery and Graham Stone, "TERMS: Techniques for electronic resources management," Library Technology Reports, 49, no. 2 (2013): 5–43, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5860/ltr.49n2 (accessed 5 November 2019). At time of writing, a new edition of TERMS is in press – to be published by the American Library Association.
"JACS," JACS, HESA, 2019, https://www.hesa.ac.uk/support/documentation/jacs (accessed 5 November 2019).
"HECoS," The Higher Education Classification of Subjects (HECoS), https://www.hesa.ac.uk/innovation/hecos (accessed 5 November 2019).
"EZproxy: Access and authentication software OCLC," OCLC, https://www.oclc.org/en/ezproxy.html (accessed 5 November 2019).
"Open Research Online (ORO)," The Open University, http://oro.open.ac.uk (accessed 5 November 2019).
"JUSP," JUSP, Jisc, https://jusp.jisc.ac.uk/ (accessed 5 November 2019).
"Overlap Analysis – Ex Libris Knowledge Center," Ex Libris, https://knowledge.exlibrisgroup.com/Alma/Product_Materials/050Alma_FAQs/E-Resource_Management/Overlap_Analysis (accessed 5 November 2019).
Magaly Bascones, "JISC Collections: Post-Cancellation Entitlement Registry Scoping Project," Collaborative Librarianship 4, no. 3, Article 2 (2012), https://digitalcommons.du.edu/collaborativelibrarianship/vol4/iss3/2 (accessed 5 November 2019).
Adam Rushbridge, "safenet A Jisc 'Service in Development'", Safenet (blog), December 5 (2014), http://safenet.blogs.edina.ac.uk/ (accessed 5 November 2019).
Brock, A., 2020. Developing a reusable methodology to conduct a review of library resources. Insights, 33(1), p.2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Brock A. Developing a reusable methodology to conduct a review of library resources. Insights. 2020;33(1):2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Brock, A. (2020). Developing a reusable methodology to conduct a review of library resources. Insights, 33(1), 2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Brock A, 'Developing a Reusable Methodology to Conduct a Review of Library Resources' (2020) 33 Insights 2 DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Brock, Alison. 2020. "Developing a Reusable Methodology to Conduct a Review of Library Resources". Insights 33 (1): 2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Brock, Alison. "Developing a Reusable Methodology to Conduct a Review of Library Resources". Insights 33, no. 1 (2020): 2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495
Brock, A.. "Developing a Reusable Methodology to Conduct a Review of Library Resources". Insights, vol. 33, no. 1, 2020, p. 2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.495


Meanwhile, those who ride mass transit are left standing on the proverbial platform. Instead of the $230 tax deduction they've been able to take for the past two years to help offset commuting costs, they'll be knocked down to $125, or about half what their car-driving counterparts receive.
Transit advocates saw the disparity coming and had hoped Congress would address it in the extension of the payroll tax break, but alas, it didn't. Instead, the nation now has a de facto national policy that promotes greater consumption of energy, increased congestion and harmful emissions and more dependence on foreign oil.
It's a policy that's particularly destructive toward cities, where transit is most available, and toward the working poor who are more inclined to use it (and for whom commuting is often the second largest household expense).
Perhaps one could argue that the nation can't afford to allow commuters to deduct hundreds of dollars from their pre-tax earnings in these difficult, debt-ridden times. Those who advocate for reducing the deficit immediately could certainly take that stand.
But offering a tax deduction to drivers that is twice the amount offered to transit riders makes no sense whatsoever and certainly doesn't have much positive impact on the deficit. It's bad transportation policy, bad economic policy and bad energy and environmental policy.
Only in Washington, where logic and reasoning takes a holiday (and not just at this time of year), could such a policy be embraced. Here's the only math that could possibly have played a role in this: There are more voters who drive — and would be peeved by the loss of a tax deduction — than there are people who commute by public transit.
This stupidity can't be left to stand. When Congress returns to Washington later this month (by car no doubt) one of the first orders of business ought to be to correct the disparity. If anything, transit ridership ought to be given an advantage over driving — at least the kind that doesn't involve a car pool.
That would be welcomed not just by bus riders but by those who travel by car as well. The last thing congested U.S. urban and suburban population centers need is more vehicles on the crowded roads. Anything that discourages people from getting to places of work is clearly not in the interests of economic recovery.
Despite what anyone in Congress might think, the nation's transit ridership is up about 2 percent nationwide from one year ago, according to the most recent survey. Even Amtrak, that favorite Washington whipping boy, has set ridership records despite a budgetary squeeze.
But that could change once commuters realize that Uncle Sam wants them to drive — at least for those who can afford to do so. Even if the dollars involved are relatively modest (a $240 tax break translates into a subsidy of less than $80 per month for those in the 28 percent tax bracket), the anti-transit message coming out of the nation's capitol is loud and clear.


What do you say to someone who is going through hardships and is tired and wants to just check out… permanently? I have had that conversation with a loved one and let me tell you , it is heart wrenching . When he told me that he just wanted to go home and be with his mother and his maternal grandfather I told him we … Continue reading What would you say?


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This page is 9 years old.
The Senna film
Author: Duncan Stephen
Asif Kapadia
Ayrton Senna Foundation
Formula One Group
San Marino Grand Prix
top-gear
If you follow Formula 1 online, it has been absolutely impossible to avoid the hype. Films about Formula 1 do not get made often. It is highly unusual for so much footage to have been prised out of Bernie Ecclestone. When you factor in that the film is about Ayrton Senna, a driver who has reached an almost legendary status, it was inevitable that this film would attract a lot of attention.
Moreover, the film has been met with near (although not quite) universal approval. Seasoned film critics and those with no interest in motorsport have lapped it up enthusiastically.
So it has been a painful wait. I was delighted to learn that it was being shown at my local cinema, so I took the first opportunity to watch it.
I found the film truly engrossing and hugely emotional. The story of Senna's career — or at least one version of it — is very well told. Some of the footage, particularly of drivers' briefings and the like, is absolutely astonishing.
The film's treatment of Alain Prost has come under a lot of scrutiny. It is said that Prost is cast as the villain of the film. I was relieved that his treatment was not as bad as I had feared.
I actually felt that Prost comes across quite well in the film — though this may be for ideological reasons, and that I already understand the Prost–Senna rivalry. It is easy to see why, in a film that celebrates Senna's approach, others may feel that Prost's alternative approach to racing does not come across so well.
In fairness to the filmmakers, I think it does illustrate that the frosty tensions between Senna and Prost had thawed in the final months of Senna's life. We see Senna embracing Prost on the podium at the 1993 Australian Grand Prix, Prost's reaction to Senna's fatal crash from the TF1 commentary box and Prost as a pallbearer at Senna's funeral. A caption at the film's climax also displays the fact that Prost is a trustee of the Ayrton Senna Foundation.
Important details skipped
However, I do feel that the film does not get across just how controversial Ayrton Senna was. The only time it is really tackled is in a relatively brief clip of Jackie Stewart's famous interrogation of Senna's dangerous driving.
I was also disappointed in how little of Senna's career is actually covered. The film skips straight from karting into F1, then practically fast-forwards to the Prost–Senna rivalry, which is clearly the meat of the film. Thereafter, the 1992 and 1993 seasons get the briefest look in. In the process, the championship victories of Nigel Mansell and Alain Prost are belittled, particularly through the skilful vilification of the Williams car.
After the film had finished, I felt like only a handful of incidents had been covered. I was left feeling that only a superficial account of Senna's career had been presented.
I can fully understand why this is so. There is a limit to what Bernie Ecclestone will allow. So the filmmakers are left with the quandry of how to sum up an amazing driver's entire career in the time it takes to complete just one grand prix.
Authentically inauthentic
I also found myself being annoyed by tiny details that I felt detracted from the authenticity of the film. For instance, almost all of the source footage must have been shot in 4:3, but the film is in a different aspect ratio, meaning that all of the footage is cropped. When much of the footage is blurry enough as it is, this doesn't help.
A significant proportion of the film also contains a blurred-out Globo DOG, with a new one superimposed on top of it (presumably to meet the requirements of the Brazilian broadcaster). Then there are the mock TV captions that crop up throughout the film.
These are small details, but I found them irritating me. To me, they detract from the cinematic mood.
When I read about the edits that have been made to some of the footage, particularly the sound, my eyebrows were raised. "They managed to change it, so it's very authentic," says Manish Pandey. It reminds me of a line from the Pulp song Bad Cover Version: "Electronically reprocessed to give a more lifelike effect."
Intense and emotional
Having said that, the film is no less gripping as a result of all these niggles. I felt the grin across my face as I watched Senna's awesome driving in the Toleman and the Lotus. The events of the 1994 San Marino Grand Prix weekend are well-handled and emotional to watch.
However, here it does once again feel that certain events are rushed through. Rubens Barrichello and Roland Ratzenberger are both only briefly introduced before their crashes are shown. Not much time is reserved to dwell upon these events, even though Ratzenberger's death was, for me, the most emotional part of the film to watch.
Summing up Senna
All-in-all, Senna is a brilliant, emotional film packed with extraorindary footage and with a well-constructed story. But the time constraint, and (let's face it) the requirement to make a film that would be commercially successful, did leave me feeling as though only the tip of the iceberg was considered.
In fact, for me, the Top Gear feature from last year summed up exactly what Senna was all about in only 13 minutes. It outlines exactly what made Senna so different to other drivers, and was not afraid to investigate his controversial racing style while also underlining his parodoxical concern for safety.
The Senna film sets out to do something different. So in this respect I was slightly disappointed in the fact that the film is a celebration of Senna's career, and not a thorough factual account of it. However, as a celebration of Senna's career, it is difficult to imagine how this film could be improved, beyond being longer. I am eagerly anticipating the DVD release.
LookingSpiffy
You've hit lots of nails on heads here, for me. 'Celebration' is the word I'd been searching for; as long as one approaches the film acknowledging that it's a celebratory docu-drama, rather than a meticulous, unbiased documentary, I think it's difficult to be disappointed with it.
Ponzonha
I had the pleasure to watch the film a couple of weeks ago and I have to say that I felt equally satisfied and dissappointed.
After thinking of it, I have arrived to the conclusion that it is impossible to tell the story of Senna in 90 minutes. You have to choose to tell the story of the pilot, the person or the myth. The film tries to mix the three and it falls short in each of them. And that failure is absolutely normal. We, as F1 fans, could talk hours about his career, his driving, his dark side… I can even talk a lot of his last GP because I watched the whole weekend in the TV of my room. I remember clearly Ratzemberger's death, because it was the first death I ever saw live on TV (sadly, more were to come). The way the film portrays the last moments of Senna brought some of my own memories back and I can say that I was really moved in the cinema.
Thus, I cannot blame the director of any mistake. My conclusion is that the story of Senna is too big for a movie. As you pointed, that Tog Gear clip is enough to portray the pilot, but then again, can Senna be reduced to a pilot?
Duncan Stephen
Thanks for the comments. Ponzonha, I like your take on it. Senna is a deep character, with many dimensions to his story. You are right that we F1 fans can talk endlessly about Senna as it is. A film will never do true justice to him. As such, I think the film does as good a job as can be expected.
John Bergqvist
There is an alternate, extended version, which is 2.5hrs (as opposed to 90mins), with the extra footage being extra (lengthy) parts of the interviews with all the people mentioned in the film (Ron Dennis, Prost, John Bisgano etc.) spliced in. I also feel that in the trailer, they mis-represented the "The best decision is my decision" quote, since in the film, Balestre then says "You haven't heard my decision yet, and my decision is a vote, drivers only", which he then does.
Bobby Fischer Against the World « doctorvee
[…] year everyone has been talking about the Senna documentary, including me. But while praise for Senna has come from F1 fans and non-fans alike, I have been […]


It looks and works exactly how I had hoped. That said, I do feel like the code is a bit grotty, and I'm sure there is a more elegant solution to achiving the same result.
Could anyone please give me some feedback on the HTML and CSS so see if it can be improved or restructured?
First, I'm not sold on your use of <nav> as a header. You can assign an aria role=banner to it or replace it with the tag intended to be a <header>. I understand you're using your logo as a navigation link (e.g. home), however, you still have to make the browser understand what your header is.
If you're going to use a <span> for an icon (I'm assuming your trying to avoid using a content image), I'd recommend using an svg instead, see Fiddle (this uses natural elements to specify header/nav). There are plenty of SVG Fallbacks for browsers that don't support SVG.
edit/note This won't work well for mobile, so I suggest you work media queries into the nav and use jQuery or equivalent to handle the drop-down functionality.


Very early voting in our latest FenwayNation Poll shows that a majority of readers (52%) think that Joe Kelly (AKA Jim Buchanan) will get a warmer reception from Red Sox fans than Dave Roberts—when The Denizens Of Chavez Ravine visit Fenway in July. As the chart shows, the next highest percentage (29%) think the two former Red Sox players will get "equally" warm receptions from the crowd during the three-game set (July 12-14, 2019). Just under one-fifth of readers (19%) think Roberts (one of the heroes of the 2004 World Series team) will get the warmer reception. Kelly, of course, turned in huge outings during the 2018 post-season and has also become a bit of a folk-hero in Boston for his "Fight Club" performance against The Evil Ones. You can still vote in the poll HERE.


text:
Paweł Janusz Borkowski (ur. 1976) – polski politolog, europeista, absolwent Instytutu Stosunków Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.

Od 2006 pracownik Katedry Europeistyki Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, gdzie objął funkcję kierownika studiów stacjonarnych. Współpracuje również z Centrum Europejskim UW.

Wybrane publikacje:

 Integracja regionalna w teorii stosunków międzynarodowych, "Stosunki Międzynarodowe-International Relations" 2007, t. 35, nr. 1-2;
 Europejskie doświadczenia a praktyka integracji w Ameryce Łacińskiej, [w:] M. F. Gawrycki (red.), Ameryka Łacińska wobec wyzwań globalizacji, Wyd. Adam Marszałek, Toruń 2006;

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Absolwenci Wydziału Dziennikarstwa i Nauk Politycznych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Polscy europeiści
Polscy politolodzy
Urodzeni w 1976
Wykładowcy Wydziału Nauk Politycznych i Studiów Międzynarodowych Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Getting there is all part of the great holiday experience and with such a huge choice of airlines to choose from, you can benefit from some brilliant deals. New Zealand Sky works with them all to find you the best possible fare and routing to suit your needs. We know where to find all the best prices, and what's more if you're flexible on your travel dates, routes or stopovers, you'll be surprised just how affordable New Zealand can be. Fares do constantly change, so please contact us for the most up to date, hot off the press offers.
And, if you're really looking to indulge, why not upgrade to Premium Economy, Business or First Class – the ultimate in luxury travel.
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(A) The past three years financial report from the basis.
(B) Trend of sales is the indicator.
(C) Operations have to be evaluated a fresh.
(D) 10% escalation charges are added to previous year's expenditure.
(B) Shaping of goods and services.
(C) Exchange of goods and services.
15. _______ is a systematic arrangement and display of visual materials under a roof to create awareness and arouse interest in the minds of the learners about an idea.
16. _______ Five Year Plan onwards there has been a marked shift in the approach to women's issues from 'Welfare', to 'Development'.
20. Which of the following are rich sources of cholesterol?
21. Which of the following are the symptoms of diabetes Mellitus?
33. Which of the following gives the meaning of monitoring?
I. Finding out the weaknesses of programme implementation.
II. Watching periodically the progress of a programme.
III. Knowing the position in relation to the programme.
IV. To achieve the subject matter.
34. Which of the following comes under the three tier system of Panchayati Raj?
(D) IV and II are correct.
35. Assertion (A): 24 hours diet recall method is the most accurate method of diet survey.
Reason (R): Food wastage can be measured by 24 hours diet recall method.
36. Assertion (A): Food irradiation is a process of food. Preservation in which food is exposed to ionizing energy.
Reason (R): Usually isotopes of selenium and chromium are used.
37. Assertion (A): Regular monitoring of weight gain in infants is one of the commonest methods of their health assessment.
Reason (R): It is expected that a healthy baby should double its weight in a year.
38. Assertion (A): Gastric ulcers are localized erosions of the mucosal lining of the alimentary tract that comes in contact with the pancreatic juices.
Reason (R): Highly nervous, emotional, ambitions and aggressive individuals are more prone to ulcers.
39. Assertion (A): In 'Theory Y', the attitude held by the manager is optimistic.
Reason (R): He believes that employees under proper condition need to be guided and supervised.
I. Lack of creative parenting.
II. The concept of education for job not for life.
III. Unhealthy mass and multimedia communication.
IV. No emphasis is given regarding human values, civic responsibilities and learning life skills.
41. Assertion (A): Disabled children should be educated with only disabled ones.
Reason (R): Only disabled can understand the problems and possibilities of disables.
42. Assertion (A): Helping the needy, homeless, abused and street children should be made compulsory to all the government employees and business holders for the nation's progress.
Reason (R): It is very difficult to change the attitude of the people.
(D) (A) is correct but (R) is wrong.
43. Assertion (A): Dominance of the unpleasant emotions during childhood distorts their outlook on life and relationship with others.
Reason (R): As they do not try to establish warm and friendly contacts with others because of their disagreeable behaviour.
44. Assertion (A): Denim fabric is generally made of open end rotor yarns in both warp and weft.
Reason (R): This method is less labour intensive and faster than conventional spinning methods however it is limited to coarser yarns.
45. Assertion (A): It is possible to dye textiles containing fibres having different dye affinity, with one solid colour using a single dye bath.
Reason (R): Dyes having affinity for different fibre types can be used to produce one solid colour.
46. Assertion (A): General fatigue results from the stress of performing tedious and boring activities and this lacks personal satisfaction.
Reason (R): Strenuous and disliked activities when performed by workers, this may lead to fatigue and stress and hence the worker is not satisfied.
(B) (A) is true, but (R) is only partly true.
47. Assertion (A): Human Engineering is one of the Ergonomics is also referred to as human factors.
Reason (R): The focus of the study is on worker fatigue.
48. Assertion (A): Extension and transfer of technology are also used interchangeably, but the two are same.
Reason (R): Extension is an educational process; transfer of technology includes additional functions of input supply and agricultural services.
(D) (A) is correct but (R) is not correct.
49. Assertion (A): Entrepreneurs are born and not made.
Reason (R): Entrepreneurs are also made by the financial and promotional support given by the government.
II. Formation of connective tissue cells with fat and cholesterol.
52. Give the correct sequence of a purchasing procedure used in a food service unit.
54. Write the sequential order of the development of play among children.
55. What is the sequence in Fashion Merchandising?
I. Awareness of market trends and fashion forecast.
V. Stack items having same dimensions.
60. Arrange in correct sequence the year wise imitation of important systems of extension in India.


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letschat@copostrategies.com
Wayne Pollock
Where You've Seen (or Heard) Us
Why engage the Court of Public Opinion?
Engaging the Court of Public Opinion
Law Firm Editorial Service
6 habits of effective thought leadership
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2020 Court of Public Opinion trends
Are your press statements defamatory?
Attorneys under fire for their advocacy
Clients want to know what you stand for
Content boosts your recruiting efforts
Curious case of the tongue-tied law firm
Defending high-profile criminal cases
Don't "decline to comment" on litigation
Engage the Court of Public Opinion
Facebook, opposition research, and you
Five traits of bad press statements
Go all in on thought leadership
How law firms can respond to bad press
How to write compelling case studies
Idle your threats of negative publicity
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Legal marketing content must be engaging
Settlement & the Court of Public Opinion
The virality of cease and desist letters
What NOT TO DO when reporters call
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Write more bylined articles!
Is My Client's Legal Dispute Newsworthy?
Lawyer's Guide to Communications Firms
Media Mistakes Lawyers Make
What to Say When a Reporter Calls
Copocetic (Our blog)
Attorneys Will Need to Defend Themselves
if a Client Draws Public Scrutiny
Attorneys are used to going to bat for their clients outside of court regarding those clients' cases.
But increasingly, attorneys need to be prepared to go to bat for themselves outside of court regarding their clients' cases.
More and more, attorneys are drawing scrutiny from the media, the general public and each other for the work they do for their clients. It has become clear that anything an attorney says or does for a client can be used against both the attorney and the client in the court of public opinion. (Consider this entire column to be a Miranda-like warning for attorneys involved in high-profile client matters.)
Attorneys Under Attack for Their Advocacy
Sometimes, this scrutiny is directed at attorneys who are representing clients accused of wrongdoing in high-profile cases.
Boies Schiller Flexner has taken heat over the past few years for its work for Theranos. As for its representation of Harvey Weinstein, there was no shortage of media coverage of the tactics the firm employed in the course of defending him—and the pushback it received from clients and the public for those tactics.
We've seen attorneys and their clients be accused of "victim blaming" when they've asserted boilerplate affirmative defenses when answering a complaint alleging that those clients sexually harassed someone.
More recently, former and current Kirkland & Ellis attorneys were thrust into the spotlight when Jeffrey Epstein's criminal case was filed in New York federal court due to those attorneys' involvement in his earlier criminal case. Former Kirkland attorney Alexander Acosta is now a former U.S. secretary of labor because of the public outcry at his perceived lack of prosecution of someone accused of wrongdoing.
In hindsight, the beginning of this new era might have come in early 2007 when, during the George W. Bush administration, Pentagon officials attacked the law firms that were providing pro bono representation to Guantanamo Bay detainees.
Attorneys Under Attack From Other Attorneys
Recently, attorneys also seem to be drawing scrutiny from each other on a more frequent basis.
We've seen plaintiffs attorneys in the pelvic mesh MDL out of the Southern District of West Virginia battle over their fees, with some attorneys in the case publicly accusing their co-counsel of fee padding and self-dealing.
In the NFL concussion MDL out of the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, we've seen plaintiffs attorneys publicly suggest that the attorney serving as co-lead counsel was being too deferential to the NFL on account of his own self-interests.
Rudy Giuliani's public defense of President Donald Trump has come under fire from the legal community. (Giuliani, as one would expect, had plenty of things to say in his defense.)
And, just recently, the criminal defense attorney for Amtrak engineer Brandon Bostian called out the plaintiffs attorneys involved in filing the private criminal complaint against Bostian that set in motion the current criminal case against him. Those attorneys responded in kind, calling out the defense attorney by name in a joint statement.
An Increasing Trend
Unfortunately for those attorneys uncomfortable with the glare of the public spotlight, I don't see any signs of this trend slowing down.
In society, it has been a while since attorneys occupied a pedestal that looked down upon the huddled masses. Attorneys are no longer above scrutiny when it comes to the work they do for their clients.
Even when attorneys are engaging in ethical, moral and best-of-class legal strategies and tactics, they will be open to attack from any number of sources when those attorneys are perceived to be helping a wrongdoer avoid punishment, or are perceived as acting solely in their own self-interests.
The perception that an attorney is doing something wrong by ethically representing an unpopular client or by advocating for the attorney's own interests will have ramifications for that attorney's reputation and his prosperity.
How could it not? Referral sources and prospective clients come to an attorney because of his track record and what he has done previously. The inverse is true. Prospective clients and referral sources will steer clear from attorneys based on what those prospective clients and referral sources view—thanks to media coverage, social media chatter or word of mouth from trusted friends and peers—as those attorneys' previous representations of unsavory clients or previous actions that are perceived as self-serving.
As I said in my last column, negative opinions toward attorneys and their law firms sometimes speak softly but they often carry a big stick. Reputational damage can easily turn into lost revenue for a law firm when a prospective client or a prospective rainmaking lateral partner has a negative perception of an attorney or law firm.
The New Normal: Staying On-Guard
Given this new state of play, when attorneys are involved in high-profile matters for their clients, they must be cognizant that anything they do for a client, no matter how ethical and mundane it might seem to them and most attorneys, could be interpreted by the media and the public as suspect and worthy of condemnation. Yes, even the asserting of boilerplate affirmative defenses or the filing of a motion for attorney fees.
In this new environment, attorneys should of course not let the tail wag the dog by refraining from legal strategies and tactics out of fear that they could come back to haunt them and their clients in the form of negative publicity or outrage from the public.
Instead, attorneys involved in high-profile matters—or matters that could become high-profile—must always consider, at least for a moment, how a particular action they are contemplating taking for a client inside of court could be interpreted by audiences outside of court.
If after consulting with colleagues, including an in-house or outside communications team, an attorney determines that audiences outside of court might shine an unfavorable spotlight on those actions, he should come up with a plan for responding to that spotlight.
That plan could range from simply formulating a response to potential negative publicity should any clients, referral sources or peers ask about it, all the way to reaching out to the media outlet or social media account responsible for the negative attention and providing that response directly to it. At least one law firm was so proactive when faced with negative publicity that it established a page on its website responding to what it perceived to be errors in a newspaper's report on a business venture owned by some of the firm's partners.
We are now in an era where, in high-profile cases, we are seeing attorneys as vulnerable to attacks on their reputations as their clients are. While most attorneys and law firms can survive a day's worth of bad publicity, ongoing bad publicity can do permanent damage to an attorney's or firm's reputation and business interests by altering key audiences' perceptions of that attorney or firm.
Moving forward, the attorneys and law firms who do not anticipate these attacks and make plans for dealing with them are going to be the ones whose reputations and business interests suffer the most when they are attacked publicly for the work they do for their clients.
Wayne Pollock is the founder and managing attorney of Copo Strategies in Philadelphia, a national legal services and communications firm. Attorneys and law firms enlist Copo Strategies to engage the media and the public regarding their clients' cases (to help resolve those cases favorably), and to engage the media, referral sources, and prospective clients regarding their firms (to help bring new client matters in the door). Contact him at waynepollock@copostrategies.com or 215.454.2180.
Reprinted with permission from the September 3, 2019, edition of The Legal Intelligencer © 2019 ALM Media Properties, LLC. All rights reserved. Further duplication without permission is prohibited, contact 877-257-3382 or reprints@alm.com.
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An estimated 100,000 people take part in an anti-nuclear demonstration in Taipei, Taiwan on March 9, 2013.
Curiously, although a widespread environmental movement has developed to save the planet from accelerating climate change, no counterpart has emerged to take on the rising danger of nuclear disaster. Indeed, this danger ― exemplified by the collapse of arms control and disarmament agreements, vast nuclear "modernization" programs by the United States and other nuclear powers, and reckless threats of nuclear war ― has stirred remarkably little public protest and even less public debate during the recent US midterm elections.
As Forsberg predicted, this proposal to halt the nuclear arms race had great popular appeal (with polls showing US public support at 72 percent) and sparked an enormous grassroots campaign. The Reagan administration, horrified by this resistance to its plans for a nuclear buildup and victory in a nuclear war, fought ferociously against it. But to no avail. The Freeze triumphed in virtually every state and local referendum on the ballot, captured the official support of the Democratic Party, and sailed through the House of Representatives by an overwhelming majority.
A final stage involves turning the objective into government policy. The Freeze campaign found that many politicians were delighted to adopt its program ― in some cases even a bit too eager, bringing it to Congress before full public mobilization. Similarly, at present, some key Democrats — including the chair of the incoming House Armed Services Committee and likely Democratic presidential candidates— are already gearing up an attack upon the Trump administration's nuclear "modernization" program, its withdrawal from disarmament treaties, and its eagerness to launch a nuclear war. Consequently, if a major public campaign gets rolling, substantial changes in public policy are within reach.
To be fully effective, such a campaign requires international solidarity — not only to bring domestic pressure to bear on diverse nations, but overseas pressure as well. The Freeze movement worked closely with nuclear disarmament movements around the world, and this international coalition produced striking results. The power of the antinuclear movement within nations allied with the US government led to their governments constantly pressing the Reagan administration to temper its bellicose ambitions and accept nuclear disarmament.
Dr. Lawrence Wittner is professor of history emeritus at SUNY/Albany. His latest book is a satirical novel about university corporatization, What's Going On at UAardvark?
By pressuring elected officials, the Washington Against Nuclear Weapons coalition has gained ground.
There are connections between nuclear weapons, white supremacy and racism.


text:
Q: Placeholder For SQLite table In PHP I have a query I would like to use that I would like to be reused for other select queries.
Is it possible to have a select query like this:
SELECT * FROM ? WHERE id = ?;

And then bind the values like this:
$stmt->bindValue(1, $table, PDO::PARAM_STR);
$stmt->bindValue(2, $id, PDO::PARAM_INT);

The problem is when I do this I get this $database->errorInfo() from a PDOException

HY000 1 near "?" syntax error.

I have tried taking out the table placeholder and it does work. Is it possible to do it my way or do I need to have separate functions?

A: Short answer: NO.

Long answer:
Refer to the PDO::prepare manual. There is a statement: This must be a valid SQL statement for the target database server. This means that your DB backend have to support prepared statement syntax that you use.
As far as I know, neither mysql, nor any other DB does not allow binding variables to occur in FROM clause. The reason for that lays deep in the concept of prepared statement. Prepared statement is being prepared inside the DB when you are calling prepare. This means that DB planner builds a plan for the query, so it can be executed multiple times with different parameters without building it again and again. To build a plan, planner needs to know affected tables, functions called, opportunities to use different fetch and join strategies (index scans/nested loops/etc.) and so on.
So, you cant 'bind' table name into prepared statement at the moment you want it to run, because DB needs table names at the moment when you prepare the statement. That's why you receive that message: DB requires all table names to be present in the preparing query.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
[![Latest Version](https://img.shields.io/github/release/aspyatkin/blank.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/aspyatkin/blank/releases)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/github/license/aspyatkin/blank.svg?style=flat-square)](https://github.com/aspyatkin/blank/blob/master/LICENSE)
A theme for [Oh My Zsh](https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh) with Git, SSH and Virtualenv prompts.

## Screenshots
### Git prompt
Git branch, working tree status (*clean/dirty*) and locale/remote correlation (*ahead/behind*) are displayed.
![](screenshots/blank1.png)

### SSH prompt
While on SSH, user and hostname are displayed. If user is `root`, this part of prompt is colored significantly different.
![](screenshots/blank2.png)

### Virtualenv prompt
While on Python Virtualenv, `virtualenv` name is displayed.
![](screenshots/blank3.png)

## Prerequisites & Installation
You should have [Oh My Zsh](https://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh) with `git` and `virtualenv` plugins enabled. To install,
1. copy `blank.zsh-theme` to `~/.oh-my-zsh/custom`,
2. add `ZSH_THEME=blank` to your `.zshrc`.

## Tips
1. Looks great with [PragmataPro](http://www.fsd.it/fonts/pragmatapro.htm) font.
2. You will probably enjoy a variety of color schemes calles [base16](http://chriskempson.github.io/base16).
3. If you do [dotfiles](http://dotfiles.github.io), you might add this repo as submodule and symlink `blank.zsh-theme` to `~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/blank.zsh-theme`.

## License
MIT © [Alexander Pyatkin](https://github.com/aspyatkin)

## Notes
1. The font on screenshots is [PragmataPro](http://www.fsd.it/fonts/pragmatapro.htm) by [Fabrizio Schiavi](http://www.fsd.it).
2. This project is inspired by the [pure](https://github.com/sindresorhus/pure) project. I used this theme for some time, but it has some issues on Windows machines, so I created the theme on my own.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


On January 30, Zhou Kemin, deputy inspector of Shandong Federation of Trade Unions and his entourage, accompanied by Liu Chunqiang, vice chairman of the Shandong Federation of Trade Unions, went to the Henglian Group to visit enterprises, poor laborers and workers in difficulties. The leaders of the group, Li Ruifeng and Fan Meilin, reported to the leaders of the provincial labor unions Enterprise development.
Zhou Kemin and his entourage sent a condolence fund of 50,000 yuan for the enterprise and interviewed one poor laborer and two difficult employees. They sent condolences of 2,000 yuan each and sent them a New Year's greetings. Zhou Kemin detailed understanding of business development and response measures, the difficulties of workers and laborers in the physical condition of life, encourage them to overcome difficulties and get rid of the plight as soon as possible.
Next: Tissue and towel packaging: consumers demand higher quality.
Copyright © 2019 Weifang Lancel Hygiene Products Ltd. All rights reserved.


 1 Kings 11:28 Interlinear: and the man Jeroboam is mighty in valour, and Solomon seeth the young man that he is doing business, and appointeth him over all the burden of the house of Joseph.
Now the man Jeroboam was capable, and Solomon noticed the young man because he was getting things done. So he appointed him over the entire labor force of the house of Joseph.
Now the man Jeroboam was a valiant warrior, and when Solomon saw that the young man was industrious, he appointed him over all the forced labor of the house of Joseph.
And the man Jeroboam [was] a mighty man of valour: and Solomon seeing the young man that he was industrious, he made him ruler over all the charge of the house of Joseph.
And the man Jeroboam was a mighty man of valor; and Solomon saw the young man that he was industrious, and he gave him charge over all the labor of the house of Joseph.


Tons of pillars/fondations by Virtuous on north west coast... If this is allowed i'm gonna do the same.
This is my base. I'm working on it. It's not spam.
(12-28-2015, 08:38 PM)ExG Wrote: Tons of pillars/fondations by Virtuous on north west coast... If this is allowed i'm gonna do the same.
removed (by the tribe), thanks!
stone foundation spam on southern island with metal spawns. 75, 45 is the mountain. there are also three bases that have been blown open, and have nothing inside.
(01-02-2016, 09:48 PM)rhadamanthos Wrote: stone foundation spam on southern island with metal spawns. 75, 45 is the mountain. there are also three bases that have been blown open, and have nothing inside.
62,32 there's an abandoned base and i was curious if it could be taken care of thanks!


text:
HISTORY AND FINDINGS OF THE MCCARTHY TETRAULT REPORT 2003
Ian's City Scope
St. Thomas, Ontario and beyond
by Ian's City Scope
Could this be the new police HQ?
It's a question on the minds of many city ratepayers: Could the Silver St. temporary courthouse serve as the new home for St. Thomas police?
However, without even touring the one-level building that has served the province for four years, city council has flatly rejected what could be the least expensive option to house the St. Thomas Police Service well into the future.
In fact, in a letter to the building owner — H.D. Palmer & Associates of Windsor — St. Thomas CAO Wendell Graves stressed the intention of council is to pursue a new facility.
During a tour of the 38,000 sq. ft. building Tuesday, company spokesman Jon Palmer said his firm submitted a proposal to the city four years ago but withdrew it when approached by Ontario Realty Corp. (now Infrastructure Ontario) which wanted to lease the entire structure as a temporary courthouse during construction of the Elgin Consolidated Courthouse on Wellington St.
The province pumped $5.5 million into the Silver St. building to serve as a court facility, with the lease expiring on Dec. 31.
In April of this year, Palmer sent a new proposal to the CAO and all members of council offering the building as "an alternative solution for the new police building."
"We were trying to arrange a tour just because of the potential we thought we had here," advised Palmer. "We submitted our proposal to everyone on the list. Supposedly council reviewed it and there was talk they may do a walk-through and at least get them in the building to see what we had. That never happened."
Palmer offered the building to the city for $8 million and this would include "all cost required to bring the building up to today's standard as to post-disaster construction, replace the (exterior) siding, fill in the depressed loading dock on the south side and add any minor changes to the building."
The city would be responsible for any interior renovations.
If the city wanted to hire its own architects, engineers and general contractor, the firm would be willing to sell the building for $6 million.
Earlier this month, the city's police building committee received Class C estimates for constructing a new police building and renovating the Colin McGregor Justice Building.
Construction cost of a new facility would be $10.6 million, dropping to $8.8 million with the finished basement reduced to 7,000 sq. ft. from 23,000 sq. ft. in the first option.
By comparison, renovating the Colin McGregor Justice Building would come with a price tag of $10.2 million, if done in a phased-in manner. That would drop to $9.1 million if renovations were not done in stages.
Only a week after submitting his proposal, Palmer received a letter from Graves that stated, "Council has confirmed that its intentions at this time are to pursue the architectural process for a new facility and as such we will not be entertaining your proposal."
Ald. Dave Warden, chairman of the police building committee, said the decision by council was unanimous.
"Council was adamant the building be close to downtown," advised Warden. "And to do the renovations (at Silver St.) you would easily be pushing $10 million."
However, as Palmer points out, in essence the temporary courthouse is only three years old.
"All the mechanical components, the electrical system and the HVAC system have been upgraded. There's energy-efficient lighting. With the courthouse being here, security was all upgraded for what they would need so everything is in place. And there is so much office space."
And Palmer noted the city had an opportunity to further lower the price tag.
"What we were offering in April was that any rent that is payable to us (until the lease expires on Dec. 31), that amount could be put toward the purchase, saving money for the taxpayers.
"Not only that, with the contract with Infrastructure Ontario, they are responsible to put the building back to original condition, so the cost of that could also be used to help bring the cost of the building down."
St. Thomas Police Chief Darryl Pinnell confirmed he is very familiar with building and "before the province leased it, it was on our list of buildings to look at as a possible retrofit.
"My understanding is council considered it but they weren't interested in moving forward with it."
Puzzled as to why members of council did not even undertake a tour of the entire building and the many upgrades undertaken by the province — including state-of-the-art security system throughout and jail cells that meet today's standards — Palmer suggested, "I think if the public saw what was here . . . they haven't seen all the office areas. It's nicely finished."
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This entry was posted in City of St. Thomas, City Scope, St. Thomas Police Service and tagged City of St. Thomas, City Scope, Darryl Pinnell, Dave Warden, H.D. Palmer & Associates, Jon Palmer, St. Thomas Police Service, Wendell Graves. Bookmark the permalink.
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From 38 seconds to 90 days, living with unintended consequences


The activation of the guard — which an internal memo says is "not a militarization of the border" — will cost about $12 million a month.
Texas Gov. Rick Perry plans to announce Monday that he'll send up to 1,000 National Guard members to support the border patrol, according to an internal memo confirmed by Democratic state Sen. Juan "Chuy" Hinojosa. The Monitor reported that, according to an internal memo, the state will gradually build up the guard force at the border to 1,000 troops to aid Department of Public Safety officials. The activation of the guard — which the memo says is "not a militarization of the border" — will cost about $12 million a month.
This announcement comes after weeks of Perry criticizing President Obama's handling of the border crisis. Since October, more than 57,000 unaccompanied child migrants have been apprehended at the border, spreading resources thin and forcing immigration and border security issues to the forefront. Republicans have called on Obama to defend the border, while the president's request for $3.7 billion from Congress for immigration courts, deportations and housing facilities has been been stalled.
This wouldn't be the first time a politician sent the National Guard to the border. As The Washington Post noted, in 2006 President Bush sent 6,000 troops to California, Texas, New Mexico and Arizona at the request of the governors of those states. In 2010, New Mexico's Democratic governor Rill Richardson sent troops protect the border, as did President Obama. As for how Texas will pay for this effort, the memo says "it is not clear where the money will come from in the budget," but it's possible the funds will come from "non-critical" areas like health care or transportation.