Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia which is written collaboratively by volunteers from all around the world. It's name is a blend of words – wiki (a collborate website) and encyclopedia. Since its creation in 2001 it has grown to be one of the largest reference websites on the Internet. The Law Portal of Wikipedia is informative and extremely useful for Legal Secretaries and PAs who would like to learn more about law and legal issues.
The main page features a definition of law with information on legal subjects, legal systems, legal theory, and legal institutions. There are selected legal articles, cases and statutes which you can read and biographys on important people in legal history. You can also keep up to date with the latest legal news from around the world.
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Every article written on Wikipedia provides links to associated articles so you can read about related subjects. Wikipedia allows you to edit or add to articles so you can contribute your legal knowledge to the site if you think it is relevant. This must be done within Wikipedia's editing policies, to an appropriate standard and there are other editors around to advise or correct errors. If you are interested in being involved then take a look at 'Wikiprojects' and 'Things You Can Do' to see specific areas that are in need of work.
If you have not discovered this outstanding website yet then we highly recommend that you take a look. Members who have an avid interest in law and Students who would like information to complement their studies will find it particularly useful. There is a wealth of all kinds of interesting information you can find through Wikipedia such as current events, arts, history, science and technology.


Do all soups NEED to have vegetable or meat stock added as an ingredient or can plain water be used instead? ~ Becky Brownstein - Kosher In The Kitch! Do all soups NEED to have vegetable or meat stock added as an ingredient or can plain water be used instead? ~ Becky Brownstein - Kosher In The Kitch!
Becky, good question! The answer is Yes, water can be used as the base for soups however on its own, the flavor will be well, watery. To get past this issue, build your soup with lots of flavorful veggies, herbs and spices. Sauteing the vegetables first will also add additional flavor. By doing this you are essentially making a flavorful broth and soup at the same time.


text:
WCSCD 2019
Photo by Ivan Zupanc
Agustina Andreoletti works within the realms of research, writing, discussion, publishing and exhibition making. Her practice reflects on the unstable overlap between material, social and political processes; especially as such relations develop over time. Andreoletti is currently a Postgrad fellow at the Academy of Media Arts Cologne.
Ivana Čavić is an artist based in Serbia and currently studies photography at The Academy Of Arts Novi Sad. Her photographic practice is an exploration of narration and context, focused on creating visual narratives that question boundaries of documentation and fiction, private and public. With research based work she is often playing with photographic and textual narratives which trigger a dialogue about different readings of personal histories and memories. She participated in numerous group and solo exhibitions, and international collaborative projects.
Jovana Vasić is a student of interdisciplinary doctoral studies at the University of Arts in Belgrade on the program Theory of Arts and Media. With the mentor Nikola Dedić she is working on the thesis – The critical institutional theory of the Museum of Contemporary Art. She writes and publishes papers in the field of art theory. In her previous work, she dealt with the issues of the transposition of personal narratives in the form of memories through the relationship between the public and the private.
Karen Vestergaard Andersen is a curator and writer based in Copenhagen, Denmark. Her curatorial practice explores alternative research methods though open artistic dialogue with the aim of generating new curatorial methodologies that are both critically engaging and context sensitive. Her research interests and methodologies derive from an intersectional approaches to queer / feminist discourse and New Materialist theory. Her writing has appeared in various artists' catalogues and publications, including at Kunsthal Charlottenborg, Nikolaj Kunsthal, as well as in Seismopolite Journal of Art and Politics, Danske Museer and Notes on Metamodernism.
Kirila Cvetkovska is an independent researcher, curator and artist from Macedonia. After studying art history and psychology in Rome, Italy, she has been involved in the cultural programming of the non-profit Tevereterno (both in Rome and NYC). Currently, she is living in Macedonia, while also collaborating with artists in Italy on experimental art projects. Kirila's personal practice dwells on the themes of collective memory, loss and detachment, analyzing the cross-cultural values that encompass these issues, while liberating oneself from the restraints of consumerism. She is attempting to bring art to a much wider audience, in places without a largely established art scene.
Marta Saccavino obtained her MA degree in Art History, University of Leeds, UK. In her academic work she focused on artists coming from "relative peripheries", a concept explored by Maria Lind. Her current researches focus at the close relationship between art and cinema, specifically on how television intervenes and shapes this relationship, which began with the invention of cinema itself, and it is often analysed without taking in consideration the latter element. She is currently working on an interdisciplinary project on sacred and profane relics with an emerging fashion designer and the Morgagni Museum in Padua.
Milena Jokanović is a research-fellow at the Art History Department, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade where she obtained her PhD recently. She has also obtained MA diploma at the UNESCO Chair for Cultural Policy and Management at the University of Arts, Belgrade and Université Lumière Lyon. Her research interests therefore span the museology, use of the historical models of collecting in modern and contemporary art, theories of memory and identity construction and cultural heritage management. She curated several exhibitions, has written many papers and managed few cultural projects.
Nina Mihaljinac is an Assistant Professor at the University of Arts in Belgrade in the field of cultural management and cultural policy. She works as a project manager for Creative Creative Europe Serbia at the Ministry of Culture of RS. She obtained her doctorate in Arts and Media at the University of Art in Belgrade in 2017. She has participated in numerous national and international research projects and has published several monographs and dozens of papers in the field of art theory, culture of memory, management in culture and cultural policy.
Neva Lukić has completed her master's degree in art history and archaeology from the University of Zagreb, and in theory of modern and contemporary art at Leiden University. She has professional experience in museum curatorship (Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art, Rijeka), as a freelance curator (Croatian Association of Artists – Zagreb, Arti et Amicitiae – Amsterdam, See Lab – The Hague, etc.) and as an art critic (active member of Croatian section of AICA – the International Association of Art Critics). She has published four books (poetry & short stories) and one picture book for children.
Ruri Kawanami is a Berlin based curatorial assistant working at the intersection of artistic production and critical writings. She studied cultural science at post-graduate level at Humboldt-University in Berlin, where she specialized in the museum epistemology of the early 20th century. From 2014 to 2017, she worked as a curatorial assistant at the Japanese literature museum in Berlin.
Teodora Nikčević graduated from the Faculty of Fine Arts in Cetinje 2009. Since 2012 she has worked as a curator at the Center for Contemporary Art of Montenegro CSUCG in Podgorica. She actively exhibits at individual and group exhibitions in the country and abroad and participates in numerous residential and art projects. Her work at the CSUCG is focused on the promotion and affirmation of young artists. She was a curator of group exhibitions and led a series of interviews with artists – Artist talks.
Tjaša Pogačar works as a freelance writer, editor and curator of exhibitions and discursive programs for various institutional and noninstitutional contexts since 2010. In her work she is concerned with systemic operations of contemporary art and the limits and possible further developments of institutional critique. Some of her recent curatorial and editorial projects look at how contemporary art practices and institutions deal with the current techno-capitalist conditions. She is a co-founder and editor of ŠUM, journal for contemporary art criticism and theory and is currently working as an assistant curator at the Škuc Gallery in Ljubljana.
Vera Zalutskaya is a contemporary art curator. Her interests are mainly in art of Eastern and Central Europe in the context of postcolonial studies. In 2014 she graduated from the European Humanities University in Vilnius (educational program Theory and practices of contemporary art). Studied also Art history and Culturology: comparative studies of civilization on the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. As a member of different collectives or independently she organized and curated many exhibitions in Belarus and Poland.
Zohreh Deldadeh is a freelance art scholar and curator based in Tehran. She started her career as an executive manager in Iranian Art Publishing and Tavoos Contemporary Art Online Magazine; she was part of Mohsen Gallery, one of the leading contemporary art galleries in Tehran; Pejman Foundation's team as an assistant director and assistant curator in two venues of the foundation (Argo Factory and Kandovan Building). Moreover, she has collaborated as a coordinator, project manager and co-curator with other galleries and art institutions in Iran and abroad.
ONLINE PARTICIPANTS
Aleksandra Mikić obtained BA degree in Art History, Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade. Her interests are in the art of post Yugoslavian period in conditions of transition. In her researches she is focusing on art practices as social symptoms in the context of biopolitics and biopower.
Anna Tudos is a freelance curator from Budapest, Hungary. She completed the Curatorial Practice (Contemporary Art) MLitt course at the Glasgow School of Art in 2017 after her studies at the Hungarian University of Fine Arts. She is particularly interested in exploring hidden histories and underrepresented issues often through unconventional ways of mediating art. Her recent collaborations include OverOverOver, an artist exchange between Detroit and Glasgow and BRUT Europe with artist Marija Nemcenko. She co-hosts the show 'Radio Dacha' on Subcity Radio, exploring the notion of the "East" through discussion and music.
Biljana Puric is an independent researcher. She holds Masters Degrees in Film Aesthetics from the University of Oxford, and in Gender Studies from the Central European University. She has published peer-reviewed articles, along with art and film reviews and criticism, in Issues in Ethnology & Anthropology, ARTMargins, Journal of Curatorial Studies, New Eastern Europe, and Short Film Studies.
Rebecca Vaughan is a Melbourne based curator and writer. Previously Rebecca was Museum Assistant and Administrator at the Monash University Museum of Art (MUMA) and Editorial Assistant at Perimeter Books, a small arts publishing imprint based in Melbourne. She holds a Master of Art Curatorship from the University of Melbourne.
Sonja Vrkatić obtained bachelor degree in Fine art at the Faculty of Fine Art, Belgrade in 2012. Same year graduated at Art history department at the Faculty of Philosophy, Belgrade. Finished master studies of Fine art at Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design in London, UK. Currently, doctoral student of Transdisciplinary studies of contemporary art and media at the Faculty of Media and Communication, Belgrade.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Today also happened to be the inauguration of the 44th United States President. Theo watched in contentment.
I meant to post a copy of the holiday cards we sent out this year before Christmas. There are two different ones because we didn't order enough cards at first, so I ordered a different set for the second batch.


Artist's concept of Clementine in space.
In the still from the short film Cassini's Grand Finale, the spacecraft is shown diving between Saturn and the planet's innermost ring.
A whimsical artist's view of a girl dreaming of space exploration.


Sometimes our mind overflows with memories. Some memories tend to bring nothing but pain. Then we wonder if it's even possible to FORGET what we want to forget. We try not to think about it only ending up thinking about that PAST situation even more ferociously. And this continues until patience explodes.
Is there any solution? How do we BREAK FREE from our past? How do we break free from past conditions and stop them from defining us?
Granted, there's nothing we can do to change what happened in the past, but I'm well sure it's up to us to improve our present and future.
What Keeps Us Paused in the Past?
We shall start with an evaluation of our decisions and what outcomes came out of them. Everything we see in our life is an accurate reflection of the choices we made in the past. Therefore, if we are not happy about something in our reality of the present moment, we need to make new (read: better) choices. So let's learn from the past and see it as a priceless life lesson. Each lesson makes us wiser and stronger. Every challenge we came face to face with – contributed into our personality we have now.
It's not the past that hurts us – it's what we took out of it; it's the meaning we gave it.
Everything that is happening around us is neutral. It's up to us what labels we put on things. If it's raining outside, it's not bad or good. It's just the way it is. If you live in a place where draughts occur often, the mere existence of rain and the possibility of it happening is next to a marvel from your point of view. You appreciate it, you see it as the thing with a POSITIVE label written with caps lock on.
On the other hand, if you live somewhere where the sunshine appears only on a special occasion and rain seems to rule the country – it's no wonder that you might see it as a negative thing that seems to be happening with no stop button.
The same formula applies when we think about our past: it's not good or bad. It's just the way it turned out with all the consequences as the reflection of our actions we are responsible for.
Some people focus on creating new memories and positive experiences moving on without looking back. They prefer to archive the past under the label "top secret". And they never come back to it. But subconscious mind is a great "bookkeeper" and it never fails to bring up the past, even the most "forgotten" images we thought got lost years ago. Nothing is ever forgotten or replaced. All rests there in the archive of memory.
The past can cause us bad feelings and it can be an emotionally draining experience. It can stop us from moving on with our life. It can also try to prevent us from having new relationships, new approaches, new ideas, new experiences… By keeping our focus in the past, it never contributes to a brighter future, as cheesy as it may sound. When we focus on the negative stuff in the past, it can cause us extra stress.
Where shall we begin? It's simple, but not easy. We need to forgive the situation and the people involved in the past that brought us that sense of discomfort into our life.
Personally I made an agreement with myself not so long ago. Whenever my mind feels the need to rewind the movies from the past (especially before drifting into sleep) about my past mistakes, heartaches, failures and anything that caused me grief, the SOLUTION here is simple. I SNAP OUT of it immediately before I drift into my memories and disappear on the horizon. And I say to my mind: "THANK YOU for suggesting to "watch" that movie again and I'm glad that you are trying to remind me of some lesson, or, probably, you are bored… but I don't feel like making popcorn and revisiting my past… There is nothing I haven't seen there." And then I focus on the present moment.
If negative stuff from the past keeps persisting, I drift my focus on something in the future. Something that I want to achieve, somewhere where I want to go. Whatever makes you feel good, whatever brings you that VITAL energy – pour your attention there.
Think about something you give your attention to now. A new project? Great! Think what that might be.
There is no need to spend your time there, in the past. Whenever you feel compelled to go there, flip that card turning its face into the present. It's all about grabbing your attention from the past and sticking it to the present. It's all about the moment of NOW. Whatever you do, make sure that your present feels good.
You are never a prisoner of your thoughts. You have the ability to change it right NOW.


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Browser Cookies: The Ultimate Guide
Last updated on 04 September 2019
All internet users should understand at least the basics of what cookies are, and how they affect your browsing and privacy online.
If you run a website, it's crucial to familiarize yourself with laws and regulations regarding browser cookies, or you could face lawsuits and fines.
This guide serves as an introduction to browser cookies, along with the EU and UK cookie laws and links to more in-depth guides, tutorials, and resources.
Contents ≡
1. Browser Cookie FAQs
1.1. What is a cookie?
1.2. What is the point of a cookie? What does it do?
1.3. What does a cookie look like?
1.4. Why are cookies needed?
1.5. Are there different sorts of cookies?
1.6. Can I get a virus from cookies?
1.7. Can cookies be used to violate my privacy?
1.8. Who invented cookies?
1.9. Why are they called cookies?
2. Cookie Law - EU Cookie Regulations
2.1. What does the law actually say?
2.2. What does that actually mean?
2.3. Not all cookies are affected - just most
2.4. User consent
2.4.1. Common Practice
2.4.2. Example Cookie Consent Language
2.5. Penalty for non-compliance
2.6. Websites not originating in the EU
2.7. EU Cookie Law - Tools and Resources
3. Complying with the UK Cookie Law
3.1. How to comply
3.2. Gaining consent
3.3. Informing users of data use
Use the table of contents to jump to the information you are searching for, or continue reading below.
Browser Cookie FAQs
A cookie is a small text file stored on your hard drive by web pages you visit. The file - and the information in the file - is generated by the server-side application running the web site. The server also has access to the cookie it gave you (but not to cookies created by other websites).
What is the point of a cookie? What does it do?
A cookie can be used to identify you to a website. It doesn't reveal personal information (because the data in the cookie came from the website's server in the first place) - just identifies you as the same browser that visited earlier.
This is helpful for session-management (keeping you logged-in over the course of a single user-session), login persistence (the "Remember Me" or "Stay Logged In" feature you see in many apps and websites), and multi-tab browsing.
What does a cookie look like?
A cookie is a small text file, so it looks like a text file. It will usually be named something like [email protected]. If you were to open one of these files, it would just look like some random numbers:
HMP1 1 example.com/ 0 4058205869
384749284 403847430 3449083948 *
The strings of numbers are codes which are only meaningful to the software that generated it. Usually it is little more than a unique identifying string, although sometime they are used for data-storage.
Either way, there is usually nothing meaningful to find when viewing a cookie file.
HTTP - the primary protocol used in web browsing to communicate with a web server - is an inherently stateless, sessionless computing experience.
That means that each page load, each request, is an independent event, unrelated to the events that come before or after it.
This is fine for viewing a few documents that someone put on their server, but anything more complicated - like logging in and getting user-specific content - requires some kind of persistence mechanism, something that will alert the server that the current request from you is related to the previous one, that they are both from the same person on the same computer.
Cookies accomplish this. The server generates one the first time you visit a site. It sends it to your browser, and your browser stores it. On subsequent page loads, the browser informs the server of the relevant cookies currently being stored. The server reads them and knows that this is the same browser as before.
Are there different sorts of cookies?
Yes. There are a few different types of cookies.
The most common are session cookies, which are temporary. They are used by nearly all commercial websites to manage a single browsing session. This allows thing like shopping carts to work, even if you aren't logged in. They simply tell the server that all of your requests within a period of time came from the same computer and should be treated as a single session.
Session cookies are sometimes called transient cookies or temporary cookies. They are not stored on your hard drive, but are rather kept in active memory. They are deleted when your session closes, or after a period of inactivity (usually 20 minutes or so).
Also common are permanent cookies, also called persistent cookies. These cookies are used to identify you over multiple independent sessions. These are the ones the handle the "Remember Me" or "Keep Me Logged In" functionality of many websites and apps.
They are also used to customize content to you, especially ads.
Besides affecting your browsing experience, persistent cookies are also used for analysis and performance data tracking. They can be used to tell how long you stay on a site, how you move through the site, and other behavioral patterns. They are also used to count the number of individual, unique visitors to a site, as well as how often returning visitors come back. Website owners use all of this information to guide their decision making regarding everything from site design to image choice to page length.
Finally, there are Flash cookies. Flash cookies are generated and stored differently than "regular" (or "HTTP") cookies - they are created and stored in the Adobe Flash browser app.
The problem with Flash cookies is that they are not deleted when you clear your browser cookies. Some websites exploit this fact and use Flash cookies as a sort of "backup" for regular cookies (even sites that don't use Flash for any obvious interactive purposes).
Flash cookies have to be dealt with from within the Flash player settings panel.
Can I get a virus from cookies?
No. Cookies are a text-based data format that cannot contain any executable code. They are not a potential security risk.
Can cookies be used to violate my privacy?
That depends on how you define "privacy," and what you consider a violation.
Cookies cannot be used to obtain personal information from your computer. The only data in a cookie is the data put into by a website's server. The only site that has access to it is the site that put it there.
However, cookies are used as a part of many large browser tracking schemes which create extremely detailed user profiles. Many websites use third-party ad networks - networks which span multiple sites. This allows central data aggregators to track user activity across many different domains. Cookies are not thing used to handle this tracking, but they do play a central role.
Some people consider this constant activity tracking to be a form of privacy invasion. Other people don't mind it at all. Mostly, the only thing that data generated this way is used for is to serve relevant ads which you are likely to click on.
Who invented cookies?
Cookies were invented by Netscape in 1995 as a way to solve the persistence problem in HTTP sessions.
Why are they called cookies?
Because the developers were American. If they had been British, they would have been called "biscuits."
Cookie Law - EU Cookie Regulations
The European Union (EU) has laws specifically regulating the use of cookies on websites and web applications. These rules apply to any website originating in an EU member country, and may also apply to websites which specifically target users in the EU.
What does the law actually say?
The EU itself does not make the law. Rather, the EU creates a directive which the member nations must implement in their own laws.
While each EU member state has their own specific version of the cookie regulation, they are all remarkably similar in their effects.
The UK law was one of the first implementations of the EU privacy directive. It is found in the Privacy and Electronic Communications Regulations 2011. The relevant section is quoted here:
6. - (1) Subject to paragraph (4), a person shall not store or gain information, or to gain access to information stored, in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user unless the requirements of paragraph (2) are met.
(2) The requirements are that the subscriber or user of that terminal equipment -
(a) is provided with clear and comprehensive information about the purposes of the storage of, or access to, that information; and
(b) has given his or her consent.
(3) Where an electronic communications network is used by the same person to store or access information in the terminal equipment of a subscriber or user on more than one occasion, it is sufficient for the purposes of this regulation that the requirements of paragraph (2) are met in respect of the initial use.
(3A) For the purposes of paragraph (2), consent may be signified by a subscriber who amends or sets controls on the internet browser which the subscriber uses or by using another application or programme to signify consent.
(4) Paragraph (1) shall not apply to the technical storage of, or access to, information -
(a) for the sole purpose of carrying out the transmission of a communication over an electronic communications network; or
(b) where such storage or access is strictly necessary for the provision of an information society service requested by the subscriber or user.
What does that actually mean?
What the law is saying is this:
A website (or app) cannot store information on a visitor's computer (or device), or retrieve information off of it, without the visitor's explicit consent.
This covers HTTP cookies ("regular cookies"), Flash cookies, HTML5 storage, DOM "data-" elements, and pretty much anything else that replicates a cookie-like functionality or aides with session persistence and browser identity. (From here on out, we'll call all these things, collectively "cookies" - even though this law covers a variety of related technologies.)
Not all cookies are affected - just most
Cookies which are required in order to fulfill the requests of the website visitor do not require explicit user consent. But any others - including those used for general use statistics - do require it.
The law states that user consent must be obtained before placing a cookie on their computer.
Consent is further defined by UK law as "any freely given specific and informed indication of [the user's] wishes".
The exact nature of this consent, and how it should be obtained, is the subject of much debate among both technologists and legal experts. There is no clear guidance to be found in the regulation, no explicit set of practices to be implemented on all websites.
Common Practice
The most common solution to the problem of consent is to place an informational box, banner, or popup on the web page, providing information about the site's use of cookies. This can either give the user the chance to opt-in, or it can inform the user that continuing to use the site constitutes consent. Some sites provide a cookie-free browsing option, but that is not as common.
Example Cookie Consent Language
Here are some example Cookie announcements.
Friendly default opt-in:
This website uses cookies to allow us to see how the site is used. The cookies do not identify you.
If you continue to use this site, we assume that you are okay with this.
If you want to use the sites without cookies, you may [click here].
Formal default opt-in:
This website uses cookies in order to improve to understand user behavior. By continuing to use this website, you are consenting to the placement and retrieval of cookies on your computer by this website.
Penalty for non-compliance
The maximum fine, in the UK, for not complying with user consent regulations regarding cookies is £500,000 (between $750,000 and $800,000 USD).
Websites not originating in the EU
Websites not originating in the EU (for example, the US) probably do not need to comply with the cookie consent regulation. The possible exception is when serving content to users in the EU.
While it is by no means clear that it is a legal requirement, it is probably prudent for non-EU websites to use consent-gathering disclaimers on their websites when serving content to users in the EU.
EU Cookie Law - Tools and Resources
Also see our in-depth guide to EU Cookie law, and our cookie consent tool for website owners.
Complying with the UK Cookie Law
If your site is based in the UK, you are legally required to comply with the UK's cookie law.
If your site is based anywhere else in the EU, you should comply with the general principles of the EU directives, which are well-represented in the UK law. (Not all EU countries have implemented the directives, but they all will eventually, as it is required.)
If you are not in the EU, but your site receives a lot of traffic from EU member nations, or specifically targets EU consumers, it is probably a good idea to comply. (If you are concerned that displaying cookie-related privacy warnings will be detrimental to your site's business, and want to minimize that impact, you could selectively show your cookie policy only to visitors located in the EU.)
How to comply
Compliance requires:
gaining consent before placing any cookies on the user's computer
informing users about what data you collect, why, and what you will do with it, and how they can delete and control cookies placed by your on their computer
Gaining consent
Consent for placing cookies on a user's computer must be done before any cookies are placed. This means that it must be accomplished, somehow, on the first page of your site a user sees, regardless of which page that is.
The good news is that it only needs to be done one time. You do not have to repeat the notice and consent dialogue on every page.
There are two different design approaches to cookie consent:
an on page design, usually at the top of the page, in some type of call-out box
a pop-over dialog box (called a "modal")
There are downsides to each.
A modal dialogue box is separate from your page, so it is easier to "work in" as a design element. On the other hand, it might be more disruptive to the browsing experience.
An on-page banner or panel may disrupt the browsing experience less, but might interrupt your design and make your site unattractive.
You'll have to decide for your own site which option is preferable.
Either way, you need to clearly and succinctly state that your site uses cookies and what the purpose of those cookies is. You'll also need to gain consent for using cookies.
While the specific directives provide by the EU and UK seem to set-up an "opt-in," the most common approach to compliance is a sort of "soft opt-in" - that is, clearly informing users that by using your site, they are opted-in.
Typically, the language used for this type of opt-in looks like this:
This site uses cookies to collect data on usage. By continuing to use this site, you consent to this policy.
It is common practice to display a message using these or similar words until the user clicks an OK button or otherwise acknowledges the message.
Informing users of data use
Besides gaining consent to use cookies on a site, the rules also require that you inform users of what data you collect on them, how you use it, and how they can delete or control cookies you have placed on their computer.
The natural place to do this is in a privacy policy or Terms of Service document. This should - at a minimum - be linked to from the consent dialogue text. It is recommended that you link to it from every page of your site. It is easy to include a link in your footer or from your navigation menu.
The wording you use here should reflect your actual use of cookies (which you should understand). It might look something like this:
This site uses cookies to help us understand user behavior. This means that we put a small piece of text (the "cookie") in storage on your web browser. This cookie lets us know that all the different things you do on our site are done by the same person. We do not collect or harvest any personally identifiable information. The only information we have about your identity is the information you explicitly provide to us through submission forms on our website. We do not sell any personally identifiable information to any third parties. We do analyse user behavior in order to better serve you and other visitors. Tracking your activity through our site (what you click on, how long you stay) helps us make better decisions about content and design.
You also need to inform users how to delete cookies. Since every browser does this a little differently, the easiest way to handle this is to provide a link to a page that has instructions for deleting cookies. Feel free to copy and paste our code below to comply:
How to Deal With a Data Breach of Your Personal Info
It seems like there's a new data breach announced every couple of weeks... but the truth is even scarier. According to the Identity Theft Resource Center, over the past decade there...
How to Turn Off Javascript the Easy Way
Javascript is one of the three quintessential development languages as defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). Along with HTML and CSS, JavaScript is used for manipulation of elements...
What's Data Privacy Law In Your Country?
When creating the content for your website, legal notices like your Terms of Service, Cookie Notifications, and Privacy Policies are often an afterthought. Blog posts might be a lot more fun...
Create your Privacy Policy


text:
Angela Morales
In July, 2014 I visited Denali National Park, Alaska, as one of the artists-in-residence. It was an amazing trip. I am so grateful to all the park staff and the AIR program selection committee who made it possible.
(From "18 Meditations from Denali" by Angela Morales, copyright Denali National Park)
Northbound to Alaska, the plane rises above the smog-line of Los Angeles, gliding through a cocktail of metallic particles, methane, and carbon monoxide. I've been granted a ten-day respite from asphalt and freeways and bumper-to-bumper traffic, and from up here, so much concrete punctuated by patches of greenery and turquoise swimming pools seems etched onto a massive grid, like the motherboard of some gigantic computer. An average of 2, 750 people live packed into each square kilometer of L.A., but even down there, in all that chaos, live raccoons, skunks, coyotes, and even mountain lions, taking space wherever they can get it—in sewers, in crawlspaces, in pockets of the foothills. Leaning back at ten-thousand feet, I close my eyes and try not to think about our limited water supply, children's respiratory problems, and whether the animals will survive our three-year drought.
Two thousand miles later, I catch my first breathtaking glimpse of the Gulf of Alaska and the land that stretches beyond it. Vast glacier-rivers cut deep into ice-glazed earth, all this surrounded by verdant slopes and shore. So much geologic momentum, as the edges of the continent shift and break apart into inlets and islets. Permafrost contrasts with basalt and volcanic ash, evidence of the earth's breathing and exhaling, burning and freezing. I've arrived at this state with a coastline longer than all other states combined; this land, stretching 2,261 miles wide—a distance greater than the distance I've traveled to get here; this place with names like Arctic Village and Salmon River, or historically descriptive names like Mary's Igloo, Buffalo Soapstone, Unalaska, Women's Bay, or Kalifornsky, and towns with native names that feel nice on the tongue like Chignik, Kipnuk, Yakataga, and Savoonga.
Dana packs the trunk very methodically, like a jigsaw puzzle. This is a skill that I know nothing about.
In Anchorage just before midnight, the sun lingers below the horizon as ravens and seagulls behave like its midday—circling and chattering, no mind to the time. After picking up the rental car—an alarmingly red Chevy Cruze—I find a big all-night grocery store where I can stock up on food for the days ahead. In the parking lot of the Fred Meyer, I gawk at the show of birds as they flap their wings low overhead. Don't they realize that birds should be asleep by now, heads tucked under their wings? But should they be asleep? Feeling wide awake myself, I check items off my list and throw them into the cart, not sure if I'll need the jumbo-sized can of pepper spray. Really? I can't imagine that I'll really need it. The only bears I've encountered are black bears that sometimes wander down from our San Gabriel Mountains searching for water and pawing through pizza boxes left in dumpsters. Either people chase them away with golf clubs or give them cute names like "Meatball" and then, feeling sorry for them, leave food out on purpose. Inevitably, an officer from the Department of Fish and Wildlife comes out, shoots the animal with a tranquilizer dart, and then drives "Meatball" back up to the forest. Anyway, I decide to hold off on the pepper spray until I get to Denali. We'll just have to see about that.
After my late night shopping trip, I meet up with my best friend Dana who arrives on the red-eye from Sacramento. Dana and I first met when we were assigned to be college roommates in the dorms at U.C. Davis. Ever since then, she's been a part of the family. We've traveled together to China, the Middle East, North Africa, Europe, and Mexico, and now she's agreed to meet me in Alaska—a place neither one of us has ever been. I'm super excited to see my pal, looking forward to another adventure together. We load Dana's gear into the Cruze and head back to the hotel for a couple hours of sleep before heading north to Denali and into the wild.
Memory: I'm ten years old and my mother is driving us to Yosemite National Park. She's tossed some sleeping bags into the back of our two-toned Dodge Van and we're heading north on Interstate 99 to Fresno where we veer East into the Sierras. It's a six-hour drive from Los Angeles, or more like eight hours, if you count all the bathroom and snack stops required for five children plus a few cousins. We're hot and cranky because we do not yet understand the payoff: a dip in the icy Merced River, our first dazzling view of the Milky Way, the snaky-hot embers of a campfire. I'll never forget my first glimpse around that bend into Yosemite Valley—a mindboggling view of El Capitan and Half-Dome. The valley smelled of sugar pines and sedges, all of nature churned up at once—a perfume of decaying leaves and mushrooms, sap and granite dust. At that moment I knew: I belonged in the wilderness. Ever since I got my first taste of the wilderness, I've longed to see Alaska, especially, Denali. Now I'm holding the key to the East Fork Cabin, and the permit taped inside the car's window gives us access to the park road beyond restricted fifteen-mile marker. We pass the checkpoint at the Savage River Station, sign our names on a clipboard, and then: We are in.
What unrolls before us takes our breath away. To grasp what I am seeing, my mind tries to make all kinds of connections. Is this what the earth looked like a million years ago? Is this what the land would have looked before the dinosaurs? Dwarfed forests of pines, aspen, birch, and balsam dot the horizon as the snow-covered Alaska Range rises up in the distance. The dirt road winds as far ahead as the eye can see, meandering into the tundra, where trees shrink away, and the ground is covered by a spongy mat of vegetation.
Then at mile 43, just before the bridge that leads to Polychrome Pass, we spot the roof of the cabin, barely visible from the road. Outside of the car, we take deep breaths as we look all around, and the first thing we notice is the silence. But then, we cock our ears and hear a whole muted symphony. Mosquitoes buzz. The creek gurgles. Wind rustles the leaves of the willows and the grasses. A pair of magpies swoops down to survey the newcomers.
The East Fork Cabin, built in 1929, has been slept in by hundreds of people—most notably, Adolph Murie who observed wolves and other wildlife and advised the park on how it should manage these animals to keep the numbers in balance. Rangers and park employees also use the cabin; a notebook on the kitchen table contains the names, dates, and often amusing stories of some such visitors—stories of lynx sightings, bear shenanigans, and an account of a wolf discovered on the cabin porch gnawing a broomstick and tossing it up in the air.
The cabin records its own history with thick, burnished layers of sealant and, inside, logs that have been cut away to reveal knots in the wood, as well as cracks, striations, and places when the rough cuts have left deep slashes or notches in the grain. The gaps are stuffed with hemp or burlap or some other fibers which make one feel the age of the cabin and remind me of how many hands have worked over the years to weatherproof the walls from rain, snow, and subzero temperatures. I imagine Adolph Murie writing at a desk surrounded by equipment, children, cameras, notebooks, an adopted wolf-pup. It's easy, too, to imagine this place in winter, visited by travelers who ski in, often with teams of sled dogs. I shiver just thinking about the whorls of ice fog outside with Aurora Borealis dancing overhead, while inside, the furnace cranks out blankets of heat as travelers unload all that wet gear and warm their chilblained fingers and toes against the bright blue flame.
Now banana bread bakes in the oven, the citronella candle is burning, and I'm sitting on the porch all bundled up and drinking tea. It's raining steadily but the sky looks brighter off in the distance against the mountains. Because of the vastness of this place, you can look across the sky and see different weather patterns—sunshine in the east, rain in the west, clouds to the north, snow way up high.
"Squeaky" the Arctic squirrel who lives under the porch, darts out from his burrow, stands on his (her?) hind legs and stares at me. He looks me up and down, as he probably does all the visitors. Then he scurries off into the bush to continue his daily business. I feel like I should be working as hard as Squeaky who chomps a blade of grass in fast motion—one-hundred miles per hour!—most likely taking advantage of all those daylight hours before retreating to a long sleep in his subterranean den. So far, I can't do much but sit idly and let this place wash over me, let myself melt into it, which is harder than it sounds for this city person who's used to being bossed around by clocks.
The East Fork River splits according to the will of the melting glaciers, braiding across the gravel in patterns that vary each day. The channels, from above, look like tentacles emerging from the rocks. This river bed, and the tundra, in general, is a wide-open place where animals can move freely but also an arena where one can be sniffed out, stalked, pounced, and eaten. If you're a caribou, it's like
walking across an enormous dinner plate. A female grizzly smells the ripe scent of a caribou calf and follows her nose. A wolf spies her grizzly cub and circles round the bears. We find a chaos of footprints in smooth mud—a perfect record of two or more animals engaging in a tango of predator/prey.
Claw marks and hoof prints encircle the other, leading me to wonder about unconscious sacrifice and whether animals understand the needs of other animals. A Japanese foliage spider, Chiracanthium japonicum, for example, allows her spiderlings to feast on her body thus giving her offspring the strength to spread themselves far and wide. Does a fox mother ever offer herself up to a predator to save her young, perhaps when benefits outweigh the loss? Do animals somehow calculate such actions?
We tend to assume that everything a wild animal does is controlled by pure instinct, by behaviors programmed deep within the DNA, but to what extent do animals make choices that will lead to their success or demise? Furthermore: Do animals understand (or sense) that they can be eaten at any time? Do they feel their own loss in the moments before their death, during the kill? I am an animal, after all, and I cannot fully grasp the fact that I, too, can be eaten right now as I sit in the middle of this wide gravel bar cradling my coffee mug to my cheek and scratching this pen across the paper.
It rained all night—a soothing drizzle that made a pinging tune off the aluminum stovepipe and lulled me into a deep, moonless sleep. A new morning reveals a fresh layer of snow across the adjacent range and the hills over yonder. The sun emerges only briefly, glossing the foliage and casting dramatic shadows at an Arctic tilt. Now a heavier rain patters against the roof as the East Fork River churns and cuts into the land, as a delicate fog encircles us. It's thirty-nine degrees according to the outside thermometer, but we intend to go for a hike, because, as someone tells us, There's no bad weather, only bad gear.
Meandering across on the riverbed for hours on end, I consider the size and age of North America. I begin thinking about the passage of time and how some 70 million years, herds of duck-billed dinosaurs roamed these lands. The McKinley range was in its infancy then, a granite mass rising up millimeter by millimeter. Consider all the creatures that have lived and died in those years; all the species that have evolved; the seasons; the rotations of the earth; the revolutions around the sun; civilizations that have flourished and crumbled away—the Greeks, Romans, Mayans, Aztecs, Incas; queens and kings that have decomposed, become skeletons, and blown away in the wind.
On the one hand, how depressing! Clearly, we are but mere specks in time. Ashes to ashes, dust to dust. Here today, gone tomorrow. On the other hand, how exciting! What a miracle, to be alive at latitude 63.3333° North, longitude 150.5000° west. How eager this makes me to return to my family, my familiar humans, and to cherish these short moments. Isn't the curse of being human this very awareness? The blessing of the bear is that he knows what his nose knows, which gives him a rawness of thought and feeling: to pounce on a squirrel must be an avid delight; to rub up against a tree; to gnaw on bark, to chomp a mouthful of berries. So with this awareness, I tell myself, I must be acutely aware of each breath; I must not let any of it slip by.
Picture of a picture inside the East Fork Cabin
What I have yet to realize is that a bear's sense of smell is one hundred times greater than that of a human. Spaghetti sauce simmers on the cabin's four-burner stove—Roma tomatoes and basil leaves bathed in olive oil, bubbling extra long until the juice turns thick and sweet. The cabin is more luxurious than I'd imagined, with a fully-equipped kitchen including a gas-powered refrigerator. I'd been prepared for ten days of "roughing it" and I'm feeling giddy at the thought of the easy days ahead that stretch before us in an arc of ten suns and nine moons. After a little bushwhacking and a long walk up Polychrome, nothing sounds better than a big bowl of pasta.
We've got the cabin door propped open and Dana is sitting at the table reading, when suddenly, she looks up, and says—"Bear!"
I glance out the door and gasp at the sight of a grizzly ambling up the path headed straight for us. He's a gorgeous creature—all shoulder blades and claws, the tips of his fur, blonde and fluffed. "Oh my god," we say. Dana grabs her camera and takes some pictures as it gets closer and closer, trailing after what must be a confusing and mindboggling aroma.
Quickly, we discuss whether we should yell, whether we should wave our arms, what the safety brochures say we should do. "Shouldn't we at least close the door?" I say. Yes, we should now shut the door, we agree. But first, Dana decides to speak to the bear: "Go away. Go on, now," she says. I am impressed at her natural ability to speak to a bear so firmly and so confidently, without alarm or anger.
Upon hearing Dana's voice, the bear drops his head, turns around rather dejectedly, and then plops down onto his haunches with a groan. There he sits for a while having a good scratch. He glances back a few times toward the cabin, sniffing around half-heartedly. Then he paws at the ground a few times before standing up and making a wide, slow arc around the cabin, pushing his snout into the dirt, taking his sweet time. Finally he finds a good spot and hunkers down just beside the outhouse in plain view of the rear window. Because he moves so slowly and seems so sleepy, we are not afraid—though I do wonder what prevents him from tearing open that side window and eating whatever he damn well pleases. Instead, he lounges behind the cabin for a long time—an hour perhaps. With our steaming bowls of pasta, we get cozy in our chairs and watch this "nature show" through the back window, almost not believing what we are seeing. "It's like Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom!" I say. "Can you believe this?" Dana keeps saying. "We're the luckiest people on earth!" And then we ask ourselves, "How many people do we know who can look out their windows and see a grizzly bear just sitting there?" (Answer: Zero! Nobody!)
8. For most of the night, the sun sits just below the horizon and casts a purplish light against everything. Until 1 a.m. or so, there are no dark places, no shadows, really, just this soothing low light that I believe I might get used to. On the road back from Wonder Lake, ten p.m., a moose sits off in the distance, legs folded delicately beneath his enormous body, antlers resting on the ground. From a distance, the bowl and rise of this enormous rack make him clearly visible across the flat tundra. Is it a burden for him to carry these antlers? A pair of moose antlers can weight forty pounds—maybe not such a burden for a thousand pound animal. Through the binoculars I observe that he is not fully asleep, stirring slightly and half-aware, drowsing in this lowlight. On this tundra of predator/prey, this lowlight seems a bonus. But with a moose's poor eyesight, light might not matter as much as the musky scent of a wolf or the sound of a single, snapping twig.
In this low light, another moose wades in a kettle pond—no other creature his size visible for a mile in all directions. He's graceful and lovely, this little dance he does of dipping his mouth into the water and lifting it up again, his antlers bowing and dipping with him; he in his own space, in this lavender light on that tundra that rolls out for miles and miles in all directions, framed by jagged snowy peaks and shale hills.
In the lowlight, two caribou bound lightly over shrubs, their fuzzy antlers like an elaborate candelabra—such artistry in nature! Their dark fur is rubbed off in patches, only remnants of their winter coat. Caribou move with light legs—not mechanically like deer or elk which seem less athletic in comparison to caribou, so clearly visible with their white-painted haunches. Do they stop grazing in the lowlight? Are their movements more subdued? To what extent can animals dim their awareness; can they ever just enjoy the view?
I believe a Dall sheep can enjoy the view. Even in near darkness, sheep can be viewed clearly through binoculars. Nestled in crags and crannies on velvety green hillsides at the top of North America, their snowy-white coats make them easy to spot in summer. They seem so insulated in their elevated paradise. In the lowlight, eleven sheep gently graze, the, one by one, lower themselves to their forelegs, still munching on grasses, their eyes closing part-way. Unlike bears who keep a tight circle round their cubs, lambs are allowed to wander off and frolic, bucking and prancing, at times a fair distance from the family. Adults lounge far apart from one another, legs folded beneath them. Sheep, however, wear their horns for a reason. I learn that during mating season, rams will fight with other males, rising up on their hind legs—almost flying!— charging each other in repeated head-on collisions. Thus far, I have been consumed with bears and wolves, but now I see these mountain-inhabitants with horns like rocks and brambles, coats melded from snow. They connect heaven and earth, poised over glacier valleys, steeled against violent winds. Even with hunters watching me through their scopes, even with wolves circling my heels, and even with those vicious arctic blasts, I would want to be a sheep, if given the option.
Wilderness allows us the privilege of living "off the clock"—to rise at a pace similar to the animals that inhabit that space. In wilderness, we can mostly do as we please. I study the clouds and some raindrops fall onto my face; I dance around on an empty road and halt when I notice a gray jay staring at me. I stare back. Sitting on a rock, I study the heart-shaped leaves of an arctic birch—its veins like raised arms. Later I note the nod of a bluebell's petals and admire the undulations of the river, and looking closer, the minerals and silt that swirl around inside of it, noting how that sparkly gray water grabs up debris and hurries it along.
Today I wander around outside the cabin, peering down at grasses and examining a fuchsia fireweed flower. I turn it round and round, noticing how the sticky pollen clings to the stamens as long delicate hairs unfurl around the petals, little invitations for bees. Suddenly I have a vivid memory: I see my first skateboard—a fiberglass beauty with red acrylic wheels, and there it floats, like a ghost hovering above this grassy hill. This leads to the memory of how I got this skateboard…another story, perhaps? So why did I suddenly envision my beloved skateboard while staring at this flower? Did its color jar my memory? What about the purple monkshood? The yellow of the tundra rose? Can memories and new ideas arise from these unfettered spaces? How rare are these days of uncharted time!
Wilderness, then, equals time. Open space allows us to consider our size as we stand alone on the tundra. Who are we, really, without all our things? Rather than diminish us, this feeling of smallness should liberate us, giving us faith in our silly ideas, showing us that "I" am as important and as unimportant as any other creature in the world, whether it be a marmot, an arctic squirrel, or the president. My equal importance and simultaneous lack of importance calms my worries, gives me courage to take creative risks, and to use my voice. Wilderness, especially Denali, is good medicine for all that ails us, as we city people continue to compete for space and for resources (both internal and external). Being in wilderness forces us to unplug from the chatter of information—no cell phones, no computers. All this uncontrolled chit-chat echoes until the noise makes fractals of our thoughts and memories.
I look outside the window. Rain and mist have settled, water ticking against the stovepipe. Suddenly I see another seemingly random image: my Brownie uniform—the one that I wore in the second grade. Why now? I can recall my chubby knees, my brown polyester knee socks, my orange snap-on tie, and how proud I felt wearing it. I can ignore the vision or I can follow it down the rabbit hole and see where it leads. Conclusion: These moments of tranquility—in this protected space—may truly be our last salvation, not just for inspiration, but to keep us pure of heart, healthy, connected with the past and able to envision the future. By studying this land and sketching a picture with words, we can also look inward. The trick is capturing those words before they disappear. Even here, words, like chickadees, flutter down and then arise in a second, all wings and chatter before they melt into the sky.
Two pristine mountain bikes lean up against the side of the cabin and I'm itching to ride. The smooth 92-mile dirt road looks like a dream come true. Even with the occasional dust-up from a bus or pick-up truck, the road seems meant for bikes, for gravel churning under the tires, for standing up on the downhill.
Before our arrival Dan Irelan from Toklat Camp had kindly driven the bikes down to the cabin, along with helmets and a bike pump. I'd asked if we could borrow some bikes, and, voila! Here they are. Again, I feel like the luckiest person on earth. Tightening our helmets and adjusting our gears, we head up to Sable Pass, a restricted wildlife zone with signs posted forbidding hikers from wandering off-road. The land dips into a deep, lush valley where the rivers merge into streams, lots of them, and the tundra tilts and rises all around. With this surreal, painted landscape and gentle cloud-cover, I feel like I could ride for one-hundred miles without stopping. What I love about cycling is the feeling of moving through a place—of letting it wash over you like a stream. The chilly air cuts through you like a cold river, and it feels good to get sweaty. On a bike, there's no telling what you'll run into, and here, the odds of running head-on into a grizzly or a moose are pretty good, which makes riding, even slow uphill riding, especially thrilling.
We are becoming wildlife scouts, scanning the horizon for aberrations in color or shapes, peering high and low, near and far, across the horizon. Only minutes into our first ride, we spot a medium sized male grizzly. Of course I have no basis for calling him male, nor any real basis for deeming him "medium," only that he looks pretty big but I'm sure he could be bigger, "he" doesn't have cubs, and if he were any closer, I'd probably call him enormous.
I must try to explain the sensation of being on a bike—a familiar feeling—pedaling along, adjusting gears, hearing one's own breath and the pleasant sound of dirt churning under the tires—and then seeing—from a bike—A GRIZZLY BEAR. We dismount quietly, scarcely breathing, beholding this creature. I Dana snaps some pictures and I try to discern which direction he's heading and whether he's noticed us. For the moment, he seems to be at a safe distance, but my instincts tell me to keep moving. Even though he looks to be several hundred feet away, without a fence or plexiglass window between us, that seems pretty darn close. To get to us, he would have to run down a hill, cross a narrow stream, climb back up a hill, and emerge onto the road. This distance would take most humans at least ten minutes, but I've been told that grizzlies can run pretty darn fast when they want to, even if only in short bursts, which would mean that this bear can get to us in a matter of seconds if he is so inclined. If he smells our veggie bologna sandwiches in our backpacks, he might just do that. This gets me thinking that humans must be pretty stinky to an animal with such a keen sense of smell—our natural odors must be quite gruesome, and then on top of that, all our lotions and powders and sprays must, to a bear's sensitive nose, smell acrid and offensive.
One's thoughts move at a hundred miles per hour when looking at a grizzly bear. But we can't take our eyes off him: He's gorgeous. Rambling in small arcs and semicircles, he paws the dirt with those comb-sharp claws, gnawing at leaves, yawning. Eat, eat, eat, seems to be the main purpose of the grizzly.
We hop back onto our bikes and keep riding. About another mile up the road, we spot a sow and her two cubs. We wobble and practically fall off our bikes when we see them. They, too, are foraging up against the hillside, but this family is much closer than the last one bear, and we know that cubs add a potentially dangerous dimension. If these cubs decide to come check us out, we'll have a protective mama bear to contend with. Fortunately, the cubs don't seem to notice us, although their mother sniffs pointedly in our direction, her nose wide and wet, her eyes trying hard to focus on our shapes. We decide to move, once again, not wanting to take any chances. Now with four bears between us and the cabin, it seems like a good day to keep on riding.
Once over Sable Pass, it's mostly downhill all the way to the Sanctuary River, a distance of about twenty miles. With those bears behind us, more in front of us, and all around us, I feel terrified, joyous, and dare I say--alive! The landscape seems utterly surreal, as if painted by hand with impressionistic strokes of shale and wide swathes of green. We learn that the white flowers growing in abundance as far as our eyes can see are called "bear-flowers" and are the preferred food of the grizzly. Where there are bear-flowers, there are bears!


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According to admissions made as part of his guilty plea, from October 2009 until July 2012, Breslau was a Captain in the U.S. Navy assigned as Director of Public Affairs for the U.S. Pacific Fleet, headquartered in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
As part of his duties, Breslau was involved in devising the U.S. Navy's public affairs communications strategy, and provided public affairs guidance to Pacific Fleet components and other U.S. Navy commands. From August 2012 until July 2014, Breslau was assigned to the Commanding Officer for the Joint Public Affairs Support Element in Norfolk, Virginia, where he was responsible for leading joint crisis communications teams.


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This according to Urban Analytics, a market research and advisory firm that tracks the multi-family sectors in Calgary, Edmonton and Vancouver. Total multi-family sales through Calgary's new home market increased 11 per cent between Dec. 1, 2016, and the end of this past February, compared to the same period a year ago, says the firm….
Park Point purchaser loves the Beltline life. Whitney is a homeowner, landlord and renter, but all of that will soon change with a purchase that will bring her from being a player in every sector of the real-estate market to simply living in the perfect condo in a neighbourhood she has fallen in love with….


Now that I have been living in Korea for six and a half years it is interesting to look back over these neglected pages and see the ways in which my perspective has changed. One way to frame this is to think about how I perceived my journey when I came here and how I think about it now. Reflecting on this I theorize that there are two kinds of expats in Korea (at least in the teaching community): those who are "short-term" and those who are "Lifers." I never intended to become the latter. I still want to think of myself as a "short-termer" and of my time in Korea as temporary, but somehow, as the years here have passed I have never really found the motivation to seek out someplace else to go. Like many people (mostly men) who come here, I have fallen in love with a Korean person. This has made finding an exit strategy immensely more complicated. Luckily, the Korean person I am dating is ok with the idea of immigrating elsewhere. But the logistics of doing so (finding jobs for two people, finding places where we can both get resident status, etc.) make moving two much harder than moving alone. And then there is the cat to think of. I have also been fortunate to procure a good job at a university here. And I have one of the better jobs at one of the better universities in Korea (imho). I teach American Literature in an English department, something that would basically be impossible in the US given the glut of unemployed PhDs floating around (I have an MA). My job is incredibly rewarding from the personal standpoint, and while the pay isn't fantastic, it supports the travel that I love and allows me a comfortable lifestyle here. Another issue is the matter of where to go and why. I have heard people talk of greener pastures in the Middle East, BRICS countries, Eastern Europe...and while all of them have their upsides, (money, adventure, culture) somehow none of them offer anything (at least for me) that can motivate me to give up my cushy sinecure here in Korea at this time.
It seems ironic, to me at least, that the forces that moved me to pick up stakes and leave my country (which have been enumerated ad nauseam in this blog) have not affected me here. I still face many of the same challenges and frustrations, but the cumulative effect is lessened somehow. I think this points to a fundamental difference between Short-timers and Lifers that may explain why they end up leaving quickly or staying forever, respectively. Short-timers, I have noticed, are always talking about going somewhere, planning for some goal, using their experience here as a stepping-stone to something else. For them, the expat experience is often less a destination than a stop-off on the way to someplace else, most often back to where they began. This is a fundamentally good way to look at the opportunity to live in another country. I have also seen that Lifers, people who tend to stay here long term, often talk about escaping from something in their past. In my case this is certainly true. I have heard Lifers talk about escaping from addictions, bad relationships, bad jobs, frustration with political or cultural conditions, poverty, unemployment, and many other things. For these people, finding a place where we felt loved, valued, safe, healthy, or whatever is an end in itself. "Going back" is something with negative connotations,"moving on" a prospect with inherent risks. We are, in many ways, objects at rest...happy to have found a place to exist in relative peace and comfort. There are exceptions to every rule, and everyone has a different perception of the expat experience, but I have seen this pattern again and again as I visit with people living in Korea. People seem to have some idea of what they are after, whether it be a place to land or another step on a journey. And both are ok. I am not sure what the future holds for me. For the time being I am here, doing what I can to live a good life and help those around me.