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The effect of the rotator interval on glenohumeral kinematics during abduction
Babak Haghpanah1,3,
Kempland C. Walley1,
Andreas Hingsammer1,
Ethan R. Harlow1,
Ramin Oftadeh1,3,
Ashkan Vaziri3,
Arun J. Ramappa2,
Joseph P. DeAngelis2 &
Ara Nazarian1,2
The rotator interval (RI) has been exploited as a potentially benign point of entry into the glenohumeral (GH) joint. Bounded by the supraspinatus, subscapularis and coracoid process of the scapula, the RI is believed to be important in the shoulder's soft tissue balancing and function. However, the role of the RI in shoulder kinematics is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of the RI on GH motion during abduction of the arm.
Six shoulders from three cadaveric torsos were studied to assess the impact of changes in the RI during abduction under four conditions: Intact (Baseline), Opened, Repaired (repaired with side-to-side tissue approximation, no overlap) and Tightened (repaired with 1 cm overlap). For each group, the GH translation and area under the Curve (AUC) were measured during abduction using an intact cadaveric shoulder (intact torso).
GH kinematics varied in response to each intervention and throughout the entire abduction arc. Opening the RI caused a significant change in GH translation. The Repair and Tightened groups behaved similarly along all axes of GH motion.
The RI is central to normal GH kinematics. Any insult to the tissue's integrity alters the shoulder's motion throughout abduction. In this model, closing the RI side-to-side has the same effect as tightening the RI. Since suture closure may offer the same benefit as tightening the RI, clinicians should consider this effect when treating patients with shoulder laxity. This investigation provides an improved perspective on the role of the RI on GH kinematics during abduction. When managing shoulder pathology, surgeons should consider how these different methods of RI closure affect the joint's motion. In different circumstances, the surgical approach to the RI can be tailored to address each patient's specific needs.
The rotator interval (RI) is a triangularly shaped space bounded by the supraspinatus superiorly, the subscapularis inferiorly and the coracoid process of the scapula medially. It represents a complex interaction of the coracohumeral ligament, the superior glenohumeral (GH) ligament, GH joint capsule, and the supraspinatus and subscapularis tendons. The lateral apex of this triangle is composed of the intertubercular sulcus and transverse ligament and the coracoid process composes its base. The RI also contains the intra-articular portion of the long head of the biceps tendon and is concealed by a fibrous capsule [1]. The RI functionally limits external rotation and resists humeral head translation in the adducted shoulder and posterior translation in the flexed or abducted and externally rotated shoulder [2, 3]. In patients with shoulder instability this triangular area of connective tissue has been implicated in the treatment of various shoulder condition. Since the rotator cuff tendons are not injured, the RI provides an easy site for accessing the GH joint for many common shoulder procedures and is an ideal approach for the open treatment of septic arthritis. Recent interest in less invasive techniques has illustrated how this potential space can be exploited for shoulder arthroplasty [4]. In this way, the RI is believed to provide a safe point of entry to the shoulder with minimal impact on the joint's kinematics.
However, in patients with shoulder instability, tightening the RI has been shown to decrease external rotation and eliminate the sulcus sign associated with joint laxity. This finding suggests that the RI has a more complex role in normal motion.
Few studies have examined the effect of the RI on shoulder kinematics. Of note, studies have investigated GH and scapulothoracic motion in normal patients and resultant kinematics in patients with shoulder instability or rotator cuff (RC) tears; however, the kinematics associated with RI insult and subsequent repair is uncertain.
The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of RI on GH kinematics during abduction using a cadaveric model with an intact GH and scapulothoracic articulation. Specifically, the shoulder kinematics with the RI intact (baseline) was compared to three experimental conditions: RI opened, RI repaired using a simple side-to-side approximation, and RI tightened by overlapping the tissue one centimeter. We hypothesized that opening the RI would release the shoulder's natural soft-tissue tension, resulting in increased GH translation during abduction of the arm; while closing the RI would return the motion to normal; and that overtightening of the RI would decrease translation of the joint during abduction, limiting GH translation relative to the baseline.
Testing apparatus
A validated robotic system was used to generate automated motion trajectories for a cadaveric torso [5, 6]. The system consists of a lower frame holding the cadaveric torso and an upper frame to which the upper limb is attached (Fig. 1a and b). The lower (torso) frame can generate three translational degrees of freedom (DOF) along the x, y, and z-axes and one rotational DOF around the z-axis, while the upper (limb) frame has three translational DOFs along the x, y, and z-axes. Any desired motion trajectory within the range of the system is generated by linear and rotary closed loop actuators and controlled via a programmable central controller with high reproducibility and accuracy [5, 6].
Robotic testing system that generates automated motion segments for a cadaveric torso over a designated trajectory. The seven degrees of freedom testing apparatus was designed and manufactured with four actuators on the lower frame to move the torso and with three actuators on the upper frame to move the hand with an additional rotational axis added to the lower frame to rotate the torso. a Apparatus schematic. b Apparatus photograph
Cadaveric torsos and surgical procedures
Six shoulders from three fresh-frozen human cadavers were acquired (Medcure, Inc., Portland, OR, USA). The cadaveric torsos originated from three Caucasian males with an age of 55 ± 4 years, height of 190 ± 4 cm, and body mass index of 27.1 ± 1.85 kg/m2. The range of motion and laxity of the each shoulder was tested prior to testing procedures to see if the motion was normal without any reduction during the arc of abduction. Specimens were allowed to thaw at room temperature and tested immediately thereafter. The experimental protocol was performed sequentially, allowing each specimen to serve as its own control. Four conditions were compared:
Intact-A baseline for the data was established using the intact specimen.
Opened-The RI was cut, separating the leading edge of the supraspinatus from the superior edge of the subscapularis. The incision extended from the base of the coracoid to the humeral head (approximately 2–3 cm) in line with fibers of the rotator cuff.
Repaired-The RI was repaired with a running suture (Ethibond #1, Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA) to create no overlap or tightening. The arm was abducted, in a resting position, in twenty degrees of external rotation to prevent overtightening.
Tightened-the running suture was removed. The arm was allowed to rest in the neutral position. A new suture was then used to tighten the rotator interval using a horizontal mattress technique (Ethibond #1, Ethicon, Somerville, NJ, USA). The two passes were made with the needle separated by one centimeter. The needle entered one edge of the RI one centimeter from the cut edge and exited the other side one centimeter from the cut edge. The second pass was made in the opposite direction and the two suture limbs were tied, "tightening" the RI by two centimeters.
The running suture was removed and the RI was re-approximated with a horizontal mattress suture. The suture needle was passed one centimeter from the free edge of the tissue edge to tighten the RI by 2 cm.
Simulation of abduction motion
Torsos were mounted on a rod fixture (Fig. 1a and b) and held in place with expanding foam [6, 7]. The hand was disarticulated at the distal radioulnar joint, and the arm was secured directly to the upper frame using a Schanz. The skin and the deltoid muscle were removed. Passive retro-reflective marker clusters were placed in the humeral shaft, the posterolateral acromion, and the sternum [6, 7]. To protect the specimens, testing was performed at a reduced speed (duration of motion, 28.6 s), in accordance with previous studies [6, 8]. The arm was raised in the coronal plane from 30 to 150° of abduction for three repetitions.
Motion analysis
Five Qualisys Pro Reflex (Qualisys AB, Göteborg, Sweden) high-speed cameras (120 Hz) were used to record the motion of the passive retro-reflective bone-embedded marker clusters. The clusters were placed into the humeral shaft, the sternum, and the acromion (Fig. 2). Before testing, the cameras were subject to multi-aspect calibration [9]. Anatomic scapular, humeral, and thoracic landmarks were calibrated with respect to these technical (bone-embedded) markers, as defined by the International Society of Biomechanics (AC joint (AC), the posterolateral edge of the acromion (AA), the coracoid process (PC), the inferior angle of the scapula (AI), the root of the spine of the scapula (TS), the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra (C7) and eighth thoracic vertebra (T8), the xiphoid process, the suprasternal notch (IJ), and the medial and lateral epicondyles (EM and EL)) (Fig. 3) [9]. The calibrated scapular and humeral landmarks were analyzed per Meskers et al. to determine the instant center of rotation of the GH joint within the scapular reference system [10]. For all displacements, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis correspond to anterior-posterior (AP; coronal), superior-inferior (SI; sagittal), and medial-lateral (M; transverse) planes, respectively. Displacements were quantified in mm.
An illustration of a cadaveric torso mounted onto the lower frame of the testing system and the arm attached to the upper frame
An illustration of the anatomic scapular, humeral, and thoracic landmarks were calibrated with respect to these technical (bone-embedded) markers, as defined by the International Society of Biomechanics: AA: angulus acromialis, AC: acromioclavicularis, AI: angulus inferior, C7: processus spinosus cervical 7, EL: epicondylus lateralis, EM: epicondylus medialis, IJ: incisura jugularis, PC: precessus corracoideus, TS: trigonum spinae and T8: processus spinosus thoracal 8
In this system, the z-axis is a line connecting the TS and AA points; the x-axis originates from the AA point and is perpendicular to the plane formed by the AI, the AA, and the TS points; and the y-axis is the common line perpendicular to the x- and z-axes.
GH translation was recorded continuously throughout the abduction motion from 30 to 150°. For each condition, the average of three repetitions of GH translation was plotted over time to calculate the total translation and the area under the curve (AUC) for each motion segment. Absolute GH translation was calculated for Baseline, Opened, Repaired and Tightened conditions. A mixed model analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare GH translations for each condition on each axis. AUC was calculated using the trapezoidal rule to appropriately assess the path-dependent motion (MATLAB version 12, MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA). The Wilcoxon signed–rank test was used to compare the AUC.
Six specimens allowed for the detection of a difference of greater than 1.0 mm in GH translation and 85 % power to detect mean differences of greater than 1.2 mm translation using ANOVA with a compound symmetry correlation structure to handle the paired specimens.
Cadaveric studies do not require Institutional review Board consideration or approval at our institution. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS (version 21.0, IBM-SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). Two-tailed p-values less than 0.05 were considered significant.
Differences were observed in GH translations in the coronal plane (x-axis) between Baseline and Opened conditions at 135° and 150° (both p < 0.05; Fig. 4a, *), and between both closed conditions (Repaired, and Tightened) and Baseline at 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, and 150° (all p < 0.05; Fig. 4a, ∆).
a-c Glenohumeral (GH) translations in the coronal plane (x-axis), sagittal plane (y-axis), and transverse (z-axis) planes, respectively. Four study groups: baseline, rotator interval 2 cm insult (OPEN), side-by-side repair (Side-to-Side) and tightened rotator interval repair (Overlap) are identified by dark blue, cyan, yellow and red lines, respectively. Symbol (*) denotes data significance (p ≤ 0.005) following insult (Open) of the rotator interval compared to Baseline. Symbol (◊) denotes data significance (p ≤ 0.005) following both mechanisms of repair (Side-to-Side, Overlap) compared to Baseline
In the sagittal plane (y-axis), Opened and Baseline were significantly different at 135° and 150° (both p < 0.05; Fig. 4b, *). Moreover, differences in GH translation in the sagittal plane were observed between both closed conditions (Repaired and Tightened) and Baseline at 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, and 150° (all p < 0.05; Fig. 4b, ∆).
In the transverse plane (z-axis), GH translation was different between Opened and Baseline at 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°, 105°, 120°, 135°, and 150° (all p < 0.05; Fig. 4c, *). Finally, both closed conditions (Repaired and Tightened) demonstrated significant differences at 135° and 150° when compared to Baseline (both p < 0.05; Fig. 4c, ∆).
GH AUC in the transverse plane demonstrated differences between Open and Baseline at 120°-150° (p < 0.05; Fig. 5a *). GH AUC in the transverse plane demonstrated differences between both Repaired and Tightened when compared to Baseline (⋄) and Opened (§) at 90°-120°, 120°-150°, and for the entire abduction 30°-150° range (all p < 0.05; Fig. 5a). GH AUC in the sagittal plane revealed differences between Opened and Baseline states at 30°-60°, 120°-150°, and for the entire abduction 30°-150 (p < 0.05; Fig. 5b, *). GH AUC was significantly different in the sagittal plane for Repaired and Tightened when compared to Baseline (⋄) and Opened (§) at 90°-120°, 120°-150°, and for the entire abduction 30°-150° (all p < 0.05; Fig. 5b). GH AUC in the transverse plane was different for Opened versus Baseline at 30°-60°, 60°-90°, 90°-120°, 120°-150°, and for the entire abduction 30°-150° (all p < 0.05; Fig. 5c). AUC in the transverse plane was also different for Repaired and Tightened when compared to Opened (§) at 90°-120°, 120°-150°, and for the entire abduction 30°-150° (all p > 0.05; Fig. 5b). AUC analysis did not show a difference between Repaired and Tightened at 90°-120°, 120°-150° (both p > 0.05; Fig. 5c).
a-c Glenohumeral (GH) AUC in the coronal plane (x-axis), sagittal plane (y-axis), and transverse (z-axis) planes, respectively. Four study groups: baseline, rotator interval 2 cm insult (OPEN), side-by-side repair (Side-to-Side) and tightened rotator interval repair (Overlap) are identified by dark blue, cyan, yellow and red lines, respectively. Symbol (*) denotes data significance (p ≤ 0.005) following insult (Open) of the rotator interval compared to Baseline. Symbol (◊) denotes data significance (p ≤ 0.005) following both mechanisms of repair (Side-to-Side, Overlap) compared to Baseline. Symbol (§) denotes data significance (p ≤ 0.005) between side-by-side repair (Side-to-Side) and tightened rotator interval repair (Overlap) and insult (Open) of the rotator interval when compared to Baseline
The RI resists inferior and posterior translation in the abducted shoulder, particularly when the arm is externally rotated [3, 11–17]. This constraint results from the RI's stabilizing effect on GH motion, preventing displacement of the humeral head while connecting the supraspinatus to the subscapularis [3]. Generalized tissue laxity can negate this effect, resulting in multidirectional instability (MDI). For MDI, arthroscopic RI closure, combined with capsular plication, has been used to increase shoulder stability while reducing the range of motion [18–20].
However, the role of the RI in GH kinematics is still debated. Provencher et al. found that arthroscopic RI closure added little support to posterior and inferior stability of the shoulder during abduction [21]. Harryman et al. described how a medial-to-lateral open RI imbrication decreased inferior translation in an abducted shoulder and decreased posterior translation in a flexed shoulder [3]. Decreased anterior GH translation occurs consistently following RI closure [21–23].
At the same time, RI closure can overtighten the shoulder, constraining motion at some arm positions [20]. Though inconsistent, the data gathered from cadaveric RI closure suggest that this tissue has an effect on shoulder kinematics.
Few studies have delineated the effect of opening the RI on GH kinematics. This study sought to characterize how opening the RI may uncouple the stabilizing effect of the anterior and superior tissues, and whether it's subsequent closure would restore the shoulder's kinematics in this cadaveric model.
Four conditions were compared and the GH displacements during continuous abduction were recorded using a validated, automated upper extremity testing system with seven degrees of freedom. Glenohumeral kinematics was disturbed throughout abduction following RI manipulation. Both side-to-side closure and tightening altered the shoulder's kinematics equivalently throughout all angles of abduction and resembled the kinematics of the baseline profile from 30–90° of abduction. This effect suggests that the RI plays an important role in regulating the shoulder's motion as a mechanical support.
The equivalence of the two repair techniques on GH motion from 30 to 90° of abduction is clinically insightful. In treating shoulder instability, tightening the RI may be the ideal approach because it does not negatively affect the shoulder's motion as this experiment demonstrates. Additionally, it produces a more widespread stabilizing effect on the shoulder joint than the side-to-side repair.
With the exception of medial-lateral displacement, the AUC of GH translation varied significantly from 90–150° of abduction when the baseline and repair conditions were compared. These data suggest that RI's contribution to shoulder kinematics may be altered when the arm is abducted more than 90°. Large changes in shoulder kinematics were observed after both methods of RI closure, and questions the use of RI closure as the sole method of treatment for shoulder instability.
This study is not without limitations. First, we examined passive abduction in a cadaveric model. Dynamic forces central to glenohumeral stability and shoulder motion, including various degrees of rotation relating to physiologic GH motion, were not simulated [24]. Secondly, the size of the RI opening size was not studied. It was widely incised to separate the supraspinatus and infraspinatus from the base of the coracoid to the insertion on the humerus. Varying the length of the RI opening could influence the extent of change from baseline. Simply, a smaller incision may produce less change. Thirdly, GH translation was calculated using a regression analysis to determine the instant center of rotation using defined anatomical landmarks. The precision of this characterization depends on the quality of the anatomic calibration [6, 8] As a result of this estimation, there is inherent variability, as anatomical landmarks are areas rather than discrete points [25]. This effect may partly explain the inter-variability among specimens. The speed of the abduction from motion from 30° to 120° was simulated at a reduced speed than what may be considered clinically relevant. While Bergmann et al. [26] have demonstrated that reduced speeds change GH peak forces and corresponding moments, the directions of GH forces remain constant. Furthermore, glenohumeral forces were not calculated to further distinguish between the methods of RI closure. Due to the fact that this is a cadaveric study, it is impossible to predict the exact strength and functional outcome of repaired tissues. This simulated parametric biomechanical study can most assertively investigate the strength and functional outcome of suture materials and suture technique in the groups tested and serves as a physiologic approximation of shoulder kinematics. Moreover, the physiological organization of collagen and other matrix elements will change the characteristics of the tissues during the healing process whereas our results communicate affect immediately following RI insult and repair.
Changes in the rotator cuff interval have a significant effect on glenohumeral kinematics during abduction. This investigation provides an improved perspective on the role of the RI on GH kinematics during abduction. This study demonstrates that GH translation is decreased with RI closure solely during abduction without rotation in a cadaveric torso specimen. The impact on clinical situations needs addition study measuring translation with abduction and rotation of the humerus. When managing shoulder pathology, surgeons should consider how these different methods of RI closure affect the joint's motion. Suture closure may offer the same benefit as tightening the rotator interval. These findings may be relevant with regard to the treatment of shoulder laxity.
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This work was supported in part by the National Institute of Health LRP Program (AN: L30 AR056606) and the Qatar National Research Foundation (QNRF) (NPRP 5-086-2-031) (AV).
Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 330 Brookline Avenue, RN115, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
Babak Haghpanah
, Kempland C. Walley
, Andreas Hingsammer
, Ethan R. Harlow
, Ramin Oftadeh
& Ara Nazarian
Carl J. Shapiro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
Arun J. Ramappa
, Joseph P. DeAngelis
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
& Ashkan Vaziri
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Correspondence to Ara Nazarian.
BH, KCW, AH, ERH, RO, AV, AJR, JPDA and AN: Made substantial contributions to conception and design, or acquisition of data, or analysis and interpretation of data; Been involved in drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important intellectual content; Given final approval of the version to be published. Each author should have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for appropriate portions of the content; and Agreed to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Haghpanah, B., Walley, K.C., Hingsammer, A. et al. The effect of the rotator interval on glenohumeral kinematics during abduction. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 17, 46 (2016) doi:10.1186/s12891-016-0898-x
Glenohumeral joint
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Mike Stark
A Virginia native, some of Mike Stark's earliest memories involve afternoons spent laughing while preparing and enjoying a meal with his family. At age 18, he took his first restaurant job as a prep cook and instantly fell in love with the hands-on fast pace of the kitchen. Not long after, he enrolled in culinary school at the New England Culinary Institute in Vermont. Upon graduation, Mike joined Ken Oringer and Jamie Bissonnette's South End mainstay, Coppa, where he found great satisfaction and still considers his three years there as some of the most formative of his career. After moving to the duo's popular tapas restaurant, Toro, he was quickly promoted from Sous Chef to Chef de Cuisine. With six years under Oringer and Bissonnette Mike accepted a position at Tiffani Faison's Southeast Asian concept in Fenway, Tiger Mama. Fast forward past the joys of becoming a father, Mike was ready to get back into the hustle of the industry and enthusiastically accepted owner Brian Moy's offer to become the Executive Chef of his three Chinatown hot stops; Shojo, BLR by Shojo and the group's new Pan-Asian noodle bar Ruckus. With a unique role at the helm of three different locations, Mike thrives off the challengers and excitement that each day brings, and works to instill in his staff that no request is too large!
June 19, 2018 /by Jamie Christo
https://bcae.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/bcae-logo.png 0 0 Jamie Christo https://bcae.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/bcae-logo.png Jamie Christo2018-06-19 15:11:412018-06-19 15:17:29Mike Stark
Eric Frier Drew Grosse


On Friday, April 28, 2017, Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (FINRA) halted quoting and trading in 271 OTC equity securities at 09:30:00 a.m. E.T. pursuant to FINRA Rule 6440(a)(3) (Extraordinary Event Halt). All impacted securities have been resumed as of 2:55:00 p.m. E.T. and systems are operating normally.
FINRA determined to impose the temporary halt because technical issues experienced this morning with the FINRA BBDS data feed resulted in the dissemination of potentially inaccurate data to the marketplace. Any subscribers to the BBDS feed may have been impacted by this issue.
Questions regarding this notice can be directed to: FINRA Operations at (866) 776-0800.


text:
Константи́н Никола́евич Ве́нтцель (имя по метрической книге Константин Ромео Александр) (, Санкт-Петербург — 10 марта 1947, Москва) — русский педагог, теоретик и пропагандист свободного воспитания.

Брат писателя Николая Вентцеля.

Биография
Отец, Николай Адольфович Вентцель (1827—1908) — прибалтийский немец, дослужился до чина действительного статского советника. Семья из-за перемещений отца по службе жила в Одессе, Варшаве, Вильне. В Санкт-Петербурге Н. А. Вентцель служил столоначальником в канцелярии петербургского генерал-губернатора.

После гимназии и реального училища Константин Вентцель поступил в 1876 году в Санкт-Петербургский технологический институт, но спустя год перешёл в Петербургский университет, на юридический факультет.

В начале 1880-х годов увлёкся революционной деятельностью: сначала примкнул к «Народной воле», затем его взгляды стали более умеренными, он стал изучать работы Г. Спенсера. В 1885 году Вентцель арестован в Воронеже — при обыске у его бывших единомышленников вместе с народовольческой литературой нашли сочиненное им ранее воззвание к рабочим. Через месяц была арестована его жена: из переписки с мужем «было видно её знание о его участии в революционной деятельности». Пробыв тринадцать месяцев в тюрьме, он вместе с женой был выслан в город Бобров Воронежской губернии под гласный надзор полиции. В это период обозначилось его расхождение с русскими марксистами.

В ссылке Вентцель сочинял статьи о свободе воли, переписывался с В. Г. Короленко, который, прочитав рукопись статьи Вентцеля «Мораль жизни и свободного идеала», заметил: «…я уже довольно давно не удовлетворяюсь так называемыми рациональными системами нравственности».

После ссылки Вентцелю было позволено жить в Москве; с 1891 года он работал в статистическом отделении Московской городской управы, заведовал редакцией журнала «Известия Московской городской думы». В 1896 году вышел его труд «Основные задачи нравственного воспитания», ставший началом создания им теории свободного воспитания. В 1906 году появились его работы: «Как создать свободную школу» и «Освобождение ребёнка». Вентцель пытался реализовать свои идеи в «Московском доме свободного воспитания» (1906—1909), близко сошёлся с выдающимся толстовцем И. И. Горбуновым-Посадовым, издателем и редактором журнала «Свободное воспитание». Но в 1908 году Вентцель неожиданно резко отходит от идей Толстого, единомышленником которого его всегда считали. Он отрицает «внушение добра», считая это тонким насилием взамен грубого. И. И. Горбунов-Посадов отказался печатать его статью.

Вскоре вышло собрание сочинений К. Н. Вентцеля в двух томах: 1-й том — «Этика творческой личности», 2-й — «Педагогика творческой личности». На Всероссийском съезде по семейному воспитанию в 1913 году Вентцель прочитал доклад «Свободное воспитание и семья».

В годы Первой мировой войны Вентцель выступал против милитаризма и шовинизма; в «Открытом письмо ко всем людям и всем народам» призвал к «военной забастовке» для прекращения насилия.

После Октябрьской революции, когда большинство учителей отказалось сотрудничать с новой властью, Наркомпрос пригласил специалистов в области свободного воспитания (в их числе и Вентцеля), обещая «создать свободную народную школу». Однако, в отличие от большевиков, Вентцель полагал, что «школа не должна служить орудием для осуществления тех или других преходящих политических задач». Вскоре заговорили о проникновении в советскую школу мелкобуржуазных толстовских идей и Вентцель был вынужден уехать в Воронеж. Преподавал в педагогическом техникуме и университете, был организатором и преподавателем Института народного образования, заведующим научно-методической секцией Губоно.

С 1922 года — в Москве, где в Доме отдыха ветеранов революции имени Ильича по вторникам и пятницам проходили «вечера интимной музыки пианиста К. Н. Вентцеля». К преподаванию его не допускали, работы не печатали.

Умер 10 марта 1947 года в Москве.

Цели воспитания
Всякая внешняя цель, которую ставят в воспитании, делает его несвободным. Воспитание и образование не должно служить никакой внешней цели, оно должно служить самому себе. Цель воспитания должна вытекать из природы того, кого мы воспитываем и образовываем. Цель нравственного воспитания — выработка в детях свободной творческой нравственности, а не стадной и массовой.

Основные педагогические идеи
Общечеловеческие ценности К. Н. Вентцель ставил выше классовых, считал, что школа не должна служить орудием осуществления политических задач. Написал «Декларацию прав ребёнка» (1917) — одна из первых в мире. В декларации провозгласил для детей равные с взрослыми свободы и права.

Он считал, что основой воспитания должен являться сам индивидуальный конкретный ребёнок. Он обосновал принцип автономии школы от государства, позволяющий организовать независимое самоуправляющееся, доступное и бесплатное образовательное учреждение, которое будет находиться в ведении общин или свободных союзов граждан. Отстаивал право самоопределения ребёнка во всех областях жизни, в том числе и в религиозной. Дети должны сами искать истину, формировать ценности, общаясь с другими детьми, самостоятельно осваивать мир и культуру, вырабатывая в себе способность их творческого преобразования.
Отдавал приоритет развитию воли человека, в широком смысле понимаемой им как психическая активность вообще. Обосновал необходимость разработки космической педагогики: основой космического воспитания выступает естественное единство воспитываемой личности с жизнью всего беспредельного космоса. Высшая цель — воспитание личности, осознающей себя Гражданином Вселенной

К. Н. Вентцель самой важной и трудной областью воспитания считал воспитание нравственное, целью которого является пробудить в человеке лучшие стремления. Для целей свободного искания детьми высшей личной нравственности и свободной выработки в детях независимых нравственных воззрений лица, поставленные обстоятельствами в качестве руководителей детей, должны стремиться доставить последним возможно более широкий и полный материал из области поисков человечеством высших форм нравственности.
В противном случае нравственность становится дрессировкой, что, например, «любовь к родине превращает в кичливое национальное самохвальство, в драчливый национализм и пошлый шовинизм». Основу нравственного воспитания он видел в воспитании воли, потому что ребёнок должен научиться не только сознательно ставить перед собой цели, но и уметь их достигать.

Особое внимание К. Н. Вентцель уделял производительному творческому труду как средству развития воли, как условию, при котором наибольший расцвет получают умственные, физические и нравственные силы ребёнка. К. Н. Вентцель понимал, что в условиях современного ему общества концепция свободного воспитания может быть реализована только частично и в ограниченных размерах, поэтому он детально разработал план организации особого образовательно-воспитательного учреждения, получившего название «Дом свободного ребёнка». Объединённые общими целями и делом, учащиеся, воспитатели и родители создают общество, основанное на равноправии, уважении и любви. Программа деятельности этого учреждения не может быть представлена в готовом виде, она должна создаваться постепенно, в процессе жизни и труда детей, с учетом их интересов и потребностей. В основе жизни такого учреждения должен быть разнообразный творческий производительный труд. Учёба как часть трудовой деятельности не регламентируется, к ней дети обращаются только тогда, когда у них появляется необходимость в знаниях или интерес к какому-либо предмету. Педагогический процесс должен строиться на поисковых, исследовательских методах, а учитель должен только создавать условия, при которых ребёнок может самостоятельно добывать знания. По мысли К. Н. Вентцеля, учитель должен сводить к минимуму дурное влияние среды, создавать условия для умственной и сознательной нравственной деятельности детей, подавать личный пример.

Семья
 Первая жена — Надежда Яковлевна, урождённая Ростовцева (1857—1898)
 Сын — Михаил (1882—1963), астроном.
 Дочь — Маргарита (1888—1968), мать известных реставраторов Чураковых: Сергея, Степана, Екатерины.
 Вторая жена — Софья Александровна, урождённая Станюкович (1871—1945), племянница писателя К. М. Станюковича, внучка скульптора П. К. Клодта
 Сын — Александр (1899—1963).
 Дочь — Надежда (1900—1998), скульптор.
 Сын — Арий (1904—1979)

Библиография
 Вентцель К. Н. Основные задачи нравственного воспитания. — М.: [б. и.], 1896. — 47 с.
 Вентцель К. Н. Борьба за свободную школу. — М. : [б. и.], 1906. — 291, [1] с.
 Вентцель К. Н. Родительские клубы. Научно-популярная статья // журнал Пробуждение. — № 20. — 1909.
 Вентцель К. Н. Этика и педагогика творческой личности: (Проблема нравственности и воспитания в свете теории свободного гармонического развития жизни и сознания). — М. : книгоизд-во К. И. Тихомирова, 1911—1912. — (Педагогическая библиотека) — Т. 1: Этика творческой личности. — 1911. — 388 с.
  Вентцель К. Н. Этика и педагогика творческой личности: (Проблемы нравственности и воспитания в свете теории свободного гармонического развития жизни и сознания). — М. : Книгоизд-во К. И. Тихомирова, 1911—1912. — (Педагогическая библиотека) — Т. 2: Педагогика творческой личности. — 1912.
 Вентцель К. Н. Отделение школы от государства и декларация прав ребёнка. — М. : [б. и.], 1918. — 16 с.
 Вентцель К. Н. Освобождение ребёнка. — Изд. 3-е, испр. и доп. — М. : Земля и фабрика, 1923. — 20 с.
 Вентцель К. Н. Новые пути воспитания и образования детей. — Изд. 2-е. — М. : Земля и фабрика, 1923. — 149, [2] с.
 Вентцель К. Н. Теория свободного воспитания и идеальный детский сад . — Изд. 4-е, вновь испр. и доп. — М. ; Пб. : Голос труда, 1923. — 102, [1 с. ]

Примечания

Источники
 Константин Николаевич Вентцель на сайте «Хронос»
 Богуславский М. В. К. Н. Вентцель //Вестник образования. — 2004. — № 21. — С. 79-81.
 История либертарной мысли России: Константин Вентцель
 Дружников Ю. Явная и скрытая жизнь Константина Вентцеля

Литература

Педагоги СССР
Народовольцы
Пацифисты

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The number of exceptional young jazz musicians in Detroit these days is an everyday reminder of how fertile the soil remains here for nurturing the music. What is especially rewarding is how many of these players are well on their way to developing individual voices.
At 27, tenor saxophonist and native Detroiter De'Sean Jones, who will be celebrating the release of his debut CD, "Knomadik Reverence" (Detroit Music Factory), on Friday at the Jazz Cafe, has a sound as broad as the shoulders of his thick frame. Jones has an unselfconscious way of channeling his influences, which range from jazz to hip-hop, techno, rock and gospel, into something personal.
And despite what at first glance might appear to be a surface eclecticism, the music on "Knomadik Reverence" reads unmistakably as jazz — improvisatory, interactive and in touch with the tradition, even when it veers into contemporary vernacular.
Jones comes by all of his influences honestly. He was mentored by the late Detroit jazz trumpet legend Marcus Belgrave, and he put in time at Michigan State University with bassist Rodney Whitaker and at the Oberlin Conservatory. But he's also a member of the Detroit techno music collective Underground Resistance, and he has toured with artists as diverse as Stevie Wonder, the Clark Sisters and Faith Evans.
The CD features Jones leading a septet of peers with connections to Oberlin through all-original material, most of it by Jones and filled with lots of contrasting rhythms, textures and dynamics. The group moves easily between lean, swinging post-bop passages and dense and slightly raw, guitar-drenched textures and bass and drum beats that sound like souped-up hip-hop, R&B and rock grooves. Jones' solos move from simmer to boil quickly, but he avoids easy grandstanding and long soliloquies.
In fact, the music typically eschews melody-solos-melody structure for more layered compositions and an ensemble-based aesthetic. The band — which includes trumpeter Aaron Janik, vibraphonist Chase Jackson, guitarist Conrad Reeves, keyboardist Shea Pierre, bassist Matthew Adomeit, drummer Austin Vaughn — lacks the consistency and expressive weight more experienced players would bring to the table. But to everyone's credit, the music makes a statement that's larger than the sum of the parts.
One additional caveat: At just more than 36 minutes, the CD is unusually short. While I typically find most of today's recordings far too long-winded, here's one disc that could have used an additional tune or two. On the plus side, you can digest the eight concentrated tracks in a single, fulfilling gulp.
For the CD-release party, Jones will be joined by Janik on trumpet and Reeves on guitar, along with Ian Finkelstein on piano, Alex White on drums and the great Bob Hurst on bass.


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Q: Ignoring specified encoding when deserializing XML I am trying to read some XML received from an external interface over a socket.
The problem is that the encoding is specified wrong in the XML-header (it says iso-8859-1, but it is utf-16BE). It is documented that the encoding is utf-16BE, but apparently they forgot to set the correct encoding.
To ignore the encoding when I deserialize I use a StringReader like this:
    private static T DeserializeXmlData<T>(byte[] xmlData)
    {
        var xmlString = Encoding.BigEndianUnicode.GetString(xmlData);
        using (var reader = new StringReader(xmlString))
        {
            reader.ReadLine(); // Eat header line
            using (var xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(reader))
            {
                var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(T));
                return (T)serializer.Deserialize(xmlReader);
            }
        }
    }

The above actually works fine, but I don't like the part where I just skip the header line by calling ReadLine.
Is there a less brittle way to bypass the encoding specified in the XML-header?
Solution with StreamReader
By using a StreamReader, I can override the encoding specified in the XML-header. Specifying XmlReaderSettings.IgnoreProcessingInstructions or not did not do any difference.
Interestingly the StreamReader ignores the specified encoding if it finds a unicode byte-order mark.
To recap:

*

*If the XmlReader is initialized with a TextReader, XML-header encoding is ignored.

*If a StringReader is used, the XmlReader fails if a unicode byte-order mark exists.

*If a StreamReader is used, a unicode byte-order mark overrides the StreamReader encoding.

*XmlReaderSettings.IgnoreProcessingInstructions = true doesn't make a difference when using a TextReader.

In conclusion, the most robust solution seems to be using a StreamReader, since it uses the byte-order mark, if present.
    private static T DeserializeXmlData<T>(byte[] xmlData)
    {
        using (var xmlDataStream = new MemoryStream(xmlData))
        {
            using (var reader = new StreamReader(xmlDataStream, Encoding.BigEndianUnicode))
            {
                using (var xmlReader = XmlReader.Create(reader))
                {
                    var serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof (T));
                    return (T) serializer.Deserialize(xmlReader);
                }
            }
        }
    }

A: I think I'd just use a StreamReader, constructed with the right encoding and pass that to the XmlReader.Create(TextStream) method:
 using (var sr = new StreamReader(@"c:\temp\bad.xml", Encoding.BigEndianUnicode)) {
     using (var xr = XmlReader.Create(sr, new XmlReaderSettings())) {
         // etc...
     }
 }

A: If there are no other relevant processing instructions, you can just ignore them by setting XmlReaderSettings.IgnoreProcessingInstructions.

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"Slightly" inspired by RatFink. Album cover for a compilation album of different bands, celebration a Swedish soccer team, The mighty IFK Göteborg.
Drawing made with ink and watercolour. Some Photoshop arrangement of the design was involved.


text:
US investigates possible WikiLeaks leaker for 'communicating with the enemy'
David Slesinger Fri, 11/02/2012 - 1:16pm
whistleblower capital offense
http://m.guardiannews.com/commentisfree/2012/sep/27/wikileaks-investigation-enemy?cat=commentisfree&type=article
US military's new legal theory threatens to convert unauthorized leaks into a capital offense. Who is the real 'enemy'?
An Iraqi man reads newspaper with news on the Wikileaks documents in Baghdad. Photograph: Mohammed Jalil/EPA
guardian.co.uk, Thu 27 Sep 2012 12.27 BST
A US air force systems analyst who expressed support for WikiLeaks and accused leaker Bradley Manning triggered a formal military investigation last year to determine whether she herself had leaked any documents to the group. Air Force investigative documents, obtained through a Freedom of Information Act request, show that the analyst was repeatedly interviewed about her contacts with and support for WikiLeaks - what investigators repeatedly refer to as the "anti-US or anti-military group" - as well as her support for the group's founder, Julian Assange.
The investigation was ultimately closed when they could find no evidence of unauthorized leaking, but what makes these documents noteworthy is the possible crime cited by military officials as the one they were investigating: namely, "Communicating With the Enemy", under Article 104 of the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ).
That is one of the most serious crimes a person can commit - it carries the penalty of death - and is committed when a person engages in "unauthorized communication, correspondence, or intercourse with the enemy". The military investigation form also requires investigators to identify the "victim" of the crime they are investigating, and here, they designated "society" as the victim:
How could leaking to WikiLeaks possibly constitute the crime of "communicating with the enemy"? Who exactly is the "enemy"? There are two possible answers to that question, both quite disturbing.
The first possibility is the one suggested by today's Sydney Morning Herald article on these documents (as well as by WikiLeaks itself): that the US military now formally characterizes WikiLeaks and Assange as an "enemy", the same designation it gives to groups such as Al Qaeda and the Taliban. This would not be the first time such sentiments were expressed by the US military: recall that one of the earliest leaks from the then-largely-unknown group was a secret report prepared back in 2008 by the US Army which, as the New York Times put it, included WikiLeaks on the Pentagon's "list of the enemies threatening the security of the United States". That Army document then plotted how to destroy the group.
But it's the second possibility that seems to me to be the far more likely one: namely, that the US government, as part of Obama's unprecedented war on whistleblowers, has now fully embraced the pernicious theory that any leaks of classified information can constitute the crime of "aiding the enemy" or "communicating with the enemy" by virtue of the fact that, indirectly, "the enemy" will - like everyone else in the world - ultimately learn of what is disclosed.
Indeed, the US military is currently prosecuting accused WikiLeaks leaker Bradley Manning on multiple charges including "aiding the enemy", also under Article 104 of the UCMJ, and a capital offense (though prosecutors are requesting "only" life imprisonment rather than execution). Military prosecutors have since revealed that their theory is that the 23-year-old Army Private "aided al-Qaida by leaking hundreds of thousands of military and other government documents" -- specifically, that "Manning indirectly aided al-Qaida in the Arabian Peninsula by giving information to WikiLeaks."
It seems clear that the US military now deems any leaks of classified information to constitute the capital offense of "aiding the enemy" or "communicating with the enemy" even if no information is passed directly to the "enemy" and there is no intent to aid or communicate with them. Merely informing the public about classified government activities now constitutes this capital crime because it "indirectly" informs the enemy.
The implications of this theory are as obvious as they are disturbing. If someone can be charged with "aiding" or "communicating with the enemy" by virtue of leaking to WikiLeaks, then why wouldn't that same crime be committed by someone leaking classified information to any outlet: the New York Times, the Guardian, ABC News or anyone else? In other words, does this theory not inevitably and necessarily make all leaking of all classified information - whether to WikiLeaks or any media outlet - a capital offense: treason or a related crime?
International Law Professor Kevin Jon Heller made a similar point when the charges against Manning were first revealed:
"[I]f Manning has aided the enemy, so has any media organization that published the information he allegedly stole. Nothing in Article 104 requires proof that the defendant illegally acquired the information that aided the enemy. As a result, if the mere act of ensuring that harmful information is published on the internet qualifies either as indirectly 'giving intelligence to the enemy' (if the military can prove an enemy actually accessed the information) or as indirectly 'communicating with the enemy' (because any reasonable person knows that enemies can access information on the internet), there is no relevant factual difference between Manning and a media organization that published the relevant information."
Professor Heller goes on to note that while "WikiLeaks or the New York Times could not actually be charged under Article 104" because "the UCMJ only applies to soldiers", there is nonetheless "still something profoundly disturbing about the prospect of convicting Manning and sentencing him to life imprisonment for doing exactly what media organizations did, as well".
What these new documents reveal is that this odious theory is not confined to Manning. The US military appears to be treating all potential leaks - at least those to WikiLeaks - as "aiding" or "communicating with" the enemy. But there is no possible limiting principle that would confine that theory only to such leaks; they would necessarily apply to all leaks of classified information to any media outlets.
It is always worth underscoring that the New York Times has published far more government secrets than WikiLeaks ever has, and more importantly, has published far more sensitive secrets than WikiLeaks has (unlike WikiLeaks, which has never published anything that was designated "Top Secret", the New York Times has repeatedly done so: the Pentagon Papers, the Bush NSA wiretapping program, the SWIFT banking surveillance system, and the cyberwarfare program aimed at Iran were all "Top Secret" when the newspaper revealed them, as was the network of CIA secret prisons exposed by the Washington Post). There is simply no way to convert basic leaks to WikiLeaks into capital offenses - as the Obama administration is plainly doing - without sweeping up all leaks into that attack.
Of course, that outcome would almost certainly be a feature, not a bug, for Obama officials. This is, after all, the same administration that has prosecuted whistleblowers under espionage charges that threatened to send them to prison for life without any evidence of harm to national security, and has brought double the number of such prosecutions as all prior administrations combined. Converting all leaks into capital offenses would be perfectly consistent with the unprecedented secrecy fixation on the part of the Most Transparent Administration Ever™.
The irony from these developments is glaring. The real "enemies" of American "society" are not those who seek to inform the American people about the bad acts engaged in by their government in secret. As Democrats once recognized prior to the age of Obama - in the age of Daniel Ellsberg - people who do that are more aptly referred to as "heroes". The actual "enemies" are those who abuse secrecy powers to conceal government actions and to threaten with life imprisonment or even execution those who blow the whistle on high-level wrongdoing.
David Slesinger's blog
Here's a place where you can take action on this issue...
Tell Obama and Panetta: No Death Penalty for Whistleblowers! Tell President Obama and Secretary Panetta to reverse this outrageous legal interpretation -- No death penalty for whistleblowers!
http://act.demandprogress.org/letter/whistleblower_penalty/
Orangutan. on Fri, 11/02/2012 - 5:29pm.


text:
The Harpoonist & The Axe Murderer
The Harpoonist and the Axe Murderer blues duo plays Steveston
Shawn Hall and Matthew Rogers are the Harpoonist and the Axe Murder ~also known as HAM
By Matthew Hoekstra – Richmond Review
Published: August 17, 2012 9:00 AM
Updated: August 17, 2012 9:45 AM
Shawn Hall and Matthew Rogers admit their band name might scare some people off. But the duo says they've "made their peace with that."
The Harpoonist and the Axe Murderer—or HAM as they're otherwise known—combine blues and rock 'n' roll, and have a live show that's anything but usual. They swing into Steveston Aug. 17.
The Vancouver musicians limit their sound to whatever they can play between them—using only their mouths, hands and feet. Hall provides the vocals and blues harp, and Rogers handles the drums and guitar.
The co-ordination between instruments—and themselves—is a show in itself, and the duo is proud to boast that it takes just minutes to get soaked with sweat.
Music came to Hall when he was 12, living in Toronto. His grandmother gave him a harmonica and a book: Harmonica for the Musically Hopeless. At the same age, on the other side of the country, Rogers was falling in love with the guitar.
The pair met in a studio session for a radio jingle advertising the Jamaican Pizza Jerk and decided to embark on a musical project together. A song by Kris Kristofferson referencing the blues harp inspired the "harpoonist" in the band's name. Rogers, being the guitarist, became "the axe murderer."
The band, one of 20 finalists in the Peak Performance Project professional development program hosted by a Vancouver radio station, is now touring in support of their 2011 album Checkered Past. It's the duo's third album, addressing classic blues themes of heartbreak, addiction and layoffs.
The band's Steveston show is part of the Music at the Cannery summer concert series. The concert, organized by The Beatmerchant record store, begins at 6:30 p.m. at the Gulf of Georgia Cannery. Admission is by donation ($5 suggested); arrive early to get a seat.
Coming up in the series: Tommy Alto on Aug. 24, and Swell & Swag and the Swagmen on Aug. 31.
Leave a Comment »	| British Blues Boom, CD Store Steveston Village, Richmond, BC, Music at the Cannery, Steveston Tourist Attraction, British Columbia, The Beatmerchant Specialty Record Store	| Tagged: HAM, Harpoonist & the Axe Murderer, Music at the Cannery, Richmond, Richmond Review, Steveston, Steveston Village Tourist Attraction	| Permalink
Music At The Cannery ~ Summer Series 2013 ~ Steveston, Richmond BC
HERE COMES SUMMER ! 2014
Rain or Shine the show goes on !
2013 Summer Open Air Series at the Gulf of Georgia Cannery ~ 4th Ave, Steveston Village. 604 664 9009
Dates are Every Friday evenings in July & August @ 6:30 pm. Admission by Donation. If the weather isn't good then the show will go ahead inside the Cannery.
~ Don't Miss ! See you next year !
Admission by Donation at the Door.
Gulf of Georgia Cannery ~ 12138 4th Ave, Richmond, (Steveston Village) 604 664 9009
Rain or Shine – The Show goes on! See you there !
Open Air Shows ~ Bring a sweater because it can get chilly.
Frankie Neilson The Beatmerchant 604 204 0044
Brought to you by The Gulf of Georgia Cannery & The Beatmerchant Record Store .
Admission by Donation.
Leave a Comment »	| CD Store Steveston Village, Richmond, BC, Frankie Neilson ~ The Beatmerchant, Music at the Cannery, Richmond, Steveston Tourist Attraction, British Columbia, The Beatmerchant Specialty Record Store	| Tagged: BC Attraction, Beatmerchant Record Store, Canadian Blues Album of the Year 2012, Checkered Past Album, Gulf of Georgia Cannery, Harpoonist & the Axe Murderer, Music At The Cannery Steveston, Music Festivals, Peak Radio featured band, Richmond Tourist Attraction, Steveston Fishing Village, Steveston Village Tourist Attraction, Surf Rock Guitar, Swell & Swag, The Swagmen	| Permalink


The Ordnance Survey Explorer Series is the most useful if you would like to visit countryside sites and use local paths. As the High Weald is a large area it is covered by several maps.
The Ordnance Survey Landranger Series may be useful if you are less interested in detail.


text:
Jewish groups protest Trump's Germany envoy pick for remarks on Nazi history
Douglas Macgregor has said there is 'a sick mentality' that Germans have to 'atone sins of what happened in 13 years of German history and ignore the other 1,500 years of Germany'
By Ron Kampeas 7 August 2020, 9:45 pm Edit
Douglas Macgregor. right, appears on Fox News, Dec. 30, 2019. (Screen shot via JTA)
WASHINGTON (JTA) — Jewish groups are taking aim at President Donald Trump's pick for ambassador to Germany for his past statements about Muslim immigrants and for downplaying the importance of Nazi history.
The nomination of Douglas Macgregor, a decorated combat veteran who now frequently appears on Fox News, made headlines this week after CNN's K File unearthed a long history of the retired colonel's comments. In 2018 he said "There's sort of a sick mentality that says that generations after generations must atone sins of what happened in 13 years of German history and ignore the other 1,500 years of Germany."
He also called Muslim immigrants "invaders" who want to turn Europe "into an Islamic state" and called for martial law at the US-Mexico border, saying US authorities should "shoot people" if necessary to prevent immigrants from entering the country.
Prior to the CNN report, B'nai B'rith International had already expressed concerns about Macgregor. In a July 28 release, it noted his past propensity to insinuate that "neocons" serving Israel's interests were controlling US foreign policy.
"It is important that American diplomats not question the patriotism of other Americans who hold political views different from their own, especially given that questioning Jewish loyalty to America is an anti-Semitic trope," B'nai B'rith said.
The American Jewish Committee on Friday urged Secretary of State Mike Pompeo to withdraw Macgregor's nomination.
"It is because of our intensive engagement with Germany that we were so troubled by the reports of recent days regarding Col. Macgregor's many incendiary comments over the years about the German government, Germany's confrontation with its Nazi past, the NATO alliance, immigration policy, and other topics," AJC CEO David Harris said in a letter to Pompeo.
The Anti-Defamation League's CEO, Jonathan Greenblatt, said on Twitter that some of Macgregor's past statements were "bigoted and abhorrent." He also critiqued Macgregor's comments on Nazi Germany.
We respect Ret. Col. Macgregor's military service, but this bigotry & xenophobia is abhorrent. Also, there's 6 million reasons why those years of German history can not be ignored. A US Ambassador must respect the past, to represent America in the future. https://t.co/awc1tu4vao
— Jonathan Greenblatt (@JGreenblattADL) August 5, 2020
J Street Vice President Dylan Williams on the same platform decried Macgregor's "shameful record of expressing profoundly bigoted views."
US-German relations


Runs all selected text through M4 for maximum productivity and profit.
Since the bulk of the work is actually performed by M4, you'll need to have it installed and on your PATH. If you're not sure whether M4 is installed, run 'm4 –version' at your system's default Terminal/Command Prompt/whatever.


I am trying to post DELVRY03 Idoc from R/3 to another SAP system using XI.I have done all the ALE configurations required both on SAP as well as on XI.
the idocs posted are not reaching XI.Can anyone please let me know the reason for this?
your RFC connection from SAP to XI in SM59 is not working......please ask your basis guys to check this connection in SM59 transaction in SAP R/3.
Check if the IDOC had stuck up by tcode SM58. You will get more details about the queue.
please check sm58 entries, if every thing is ok than u ll not fode any thing corresponding to ur entries.
please also check ur partner profile . did u assigned ur message type there or not and the idoc basic type maintained or not.
Check the transaction SM58 whether any idocs have been struck. if, delete those error entries..or correct it. and check RFC destinaction in SM59 for XI.
And in XI, check transaction IDX1 wheterh port is maintained and do connectivity test for the same.
Check ur partner profile might be u have selected collect idocs option.Select Transfer Idocs immediately option.
Since the Outbound IDocs are in 03 status, it means that they have passed through the outbound port.
Like suggested you can check SM58 - TRFC queue in the SAP system and also checl SMQ1 - which the outbound queue in XI for any entries struck in XI. There should not be any problem in the SAP side as the IDoc has successfully passed the Outbound side,retrigger the Delivery again also check in VL03, if the delivery has been processed successfully from the outbound side . Select "Document Flow" and check for the status of the delivery, it so happens that in some cases the VBELN is archived/under progress.


This BSoD Error message also affects the performance of Windows system and makes them unreliable, so in order to make your system normal and error-free, you need to fix this error first.
But, before trying to fix BSoD pnf-list-corrupt error, it is recommended to learn some more about this error message.
The PFN is used by your hard drive to get the path of every one of your files on the physical disk. This error message generally appears when the page frame number in short PFN list becomes damaged due to any internal or external error.
Improperly configured or corrupted system drivers.
Damaged or virus infected Windows registry.
Confliction of system drivers after installing new hardware.
Error 0x4E blue screen error message can be caused due to the hard drive corruption.
PFN_LIST_CORRUPT STOP error can also be caused because of the system memory (RAM) corruption.
If your system is getting this type of BSoD error message then don't worry as you can easily deal with this system error. Below some working solutions are highlighted to solve this problem.
First of all, it is recommended to make sure that your system's RAM is in working condition and error free. To do this, you should go with the Windows Memory Diagnostic tool to check RAM.
1: Press Windows+ R to open the Run dialog box.
In the run dialogue box, type mdsched.exe in the box and click YES.
2: Click on the Restart now and check for problems.
3: After it, the Windows Memory Diagnostics Tool screen will appear on the Windows. Allow it to verify your RAM, after the completion of this RAM verification process you can see the results in a few minutes.
At last, check if the error is fixed or not.
1: To do this, first you need to open the Command Prompt with administrator privilege. To do this – search for the command prompt using the search box -> right-click on Command Prompt and then select Run as administrator. Click on the YES when the system shows User Account Control prompt.
2: After opening command prompt you need to type chkdsk /f in it and press Enter key.
This command will scan for your hard disk and fix all types of corruption and automatically fix the error.
OneDrive can also generate PFN_LIST_CORRUPT BSoD error. So it is also suggested to turn off OneDrive and see what will happen after disabling Microsoft OneDrive.
Open to the group policy by pressing Windows Key + S. Choose Edit group policy.
After opening Local Group Policy Editor, in the left pane navigate to the Local Computer Policy > Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > OneDrive.
In the right pane, find Prevent the usage of OneDrive for file storage and double-click on it.
Choose Enabled and click Apply and OK to disable OneDrive.
In order to verify System Drivers for any kind of issue, you must go with a tool developed by Microsoft.
This will fix incorrect configuration of system drivers, but before applying any solution it is recommended to create a backup of your system data as your system might crash.
1. Press Windows + S simultaneously -> type "command prompt" and right-click on the application and choose "Run as administrator".
3. Choose "Create standard settings" and press "Next" to proceed.
4. Select "Automatically select all drivers installed on this computer" and click "Finish".
A prompt will appear for you to reboot your PC. Restart your system.
5. After restarting Windows will scan all the drivers.
After the completion of the process, the PC will be rebooted automatically. If this scan will find any driver, it will display you and you can deal with it.
If you are unable to fix BSoD pnf-list-corrupt error after applying the above given manual solution or not able to apply the above discussed manual methods due to lack of knowledge then don't worry as there is an automatic solution to overcome from this BSoD Error.
Download, install and run Windows Error Repair Tool on the PC which is suffering from BSoD error message.
This tool is specially designed to deal with all types of Windows error messages without the need to doing anything manually.
It is a completely automatic tool, so you don't need to apply or run any command manually. After scanning your system this PC repair software will display all the available errors on your computer. And with a single click, you can overcome from all the available issues easily.
So, once apply this tool to get rid of Windows PC errors automatically.
Apply the given solutions one by one to overcome from PFN_LIST_CORRUPT Blue Screen Errors (0x0000004E). You can either apply the manual given solution or go with the automatic fix.


text:
10 Things You Didn't Know about PPL Corporation CEO William H. Spence
Allen Lee 3 years ago
William H. Spence is both the CEO and the Chairman of PPL Corporation. For those who are curious, the PPL Corporation is an energy company that provides energy services to customers in both the United States and the United Kingdom, meaning that it has an international presence.
1. Went to Pennsylvania State University
Spence went to Pennsylvania State University for the purpose of studying engineering. It is interesting to note that while the school started out as an agricultural college that made an effort to balance out its core curriculum with classical studies in the 1850s, it wasn't too long before it saw the introduction of engineering studies in the 1880s. Due to this, Pennsylvania State University managed to pick up a reputation for engineering, not least because of the sheer number of engineering students who proceeded to flock there.
2. Studied Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering
Subject-wise, Spence studied petroleum and natural gas engineering, which can be summed up as the part of the field that is focused on the economic production of hydrocarbons contained in the Earth. Like a lot of engineering branches, it can be divided into further sub-branches. For example, drilling engineering would be the sub-branch that is concerned with actually accessing the hydrocarbons via drilling operations. In contrast, reservoir engineering would be the sub-branch that is concerned with coming up with an estimate of the amount of hydrocarbons contained in underground reserves as well as coming up with the best plan for extracting as much as possible with as much convenience as possible.
3. Went to Bentley College
Later, Spence went to Bentley College, which is a private university that can be found in Waltham, MA. Said school was founded as the Bentley School of Accounting and Finance, so it should come as no surprise to learn that those remain very important fields for the school in the present time in spite of its expansion since.
4. Studied Business Administration
When he was at Bentley College, Spence studied business administration. Suffice to say that this was important preparation for his transition from being an engineer to being someone responsible for overseeing engineers as well as other employees at companies of considerable size. Besides his MBA from Bentley College, Spence has undergone other programs at both MIT and the University of Pennsylvania to further round out his competence for his career as an executive.
5. Member of Electricity Subsector Coordinating Council
Besides his business roles, Spence is involved in other matters, with an excellent example being his membership in the Electricity Subsector Coordinating Council. For those who are curious, the Electricity Subsector Coordinating Council serves as a liaison between the federal government and the electrical power industry, which is very important because it is concerned with nothing less than the safety and security of critical electrical infrastructure. After all, a disruption of electrical power would have catastrophic consequences for a modern society, meaning that it is necessary for the relevant authorities to predict potential threats, counter them as much as possible within reason, and coordinate response efforts should they come to pass.
6. Involved with Nonprofits
It is interesting to note that Spence is involved with various nonprofits as well. One excellent example would be the Delaware Museum of Natural History, where he serves as a trustee adviser. As for the institution, its name more or less states its purpose in concise terms, which is to say, it is a museum that exists to educate interested individuals about natural history. In particular, it is famous for its collection in relation to birds and seashells, which is one of the biggest that can be found in the whole of North America.
7. Runs a Company that Has Stated a Commitment to Sustainable Growth
One of the most common complaints about modern corporations is their focus on short-term gains even when that comes at the cost of long-term considerations. As a result, there are a lot of companies out there that have stated a commitment to sustainable growth, with PPL Corporation being one of them.
8. Runs a Company that Has Stated a Commitment to Sustainable Energy
Speaking of which, PPL Corporation's commitment to sustainable growth is connected to its commitment to sustainable energy, which makes sense because sustainable energy is looking like it will become more and more important in the times to come. Naturally, this means that PPL Corporation publishes regular reports on its efforts in this regard, which might interest those who are curious whether it is actually living up to its stated intentions or not.
9. Oversees Peaking Power Plants
PPL Corporation's portfolio includes a number of peaking power plants. Essentially, peaking power plants are the ones that see use when there is a high demand for electricity, meaning that there is a need for additional output. Suffice to say that this makes peaking power plants more expensive in more than one sense of the word when compared with their baseload counterparts, which are the power plants that are supposed to run on a constant basis.
10. Has Various Subsidiaries
There are various subsidiaries that fall under PPL Corporation's corporate umbrella. One of the best-known examples would be Western Power Distribution, which is the trade name for a number of electricity distribution companies that operate in the United Kingdom. To be exact, the electricity distribution companies operate in South Wales, South West England, East Midlands, and West Midlands. South Wales would be a part of Wales, whereas the other three names refer to three of the nine official regions of England.
Allen Lee
Allen Lee is a Toronto-based freelance writer who studied business in school but has since turned to other pursuits. He spends more time than is perhaps wise with his eyes fixed on a screen either reading history books, keeping up with international news, or playing the latest releases on the Steam platform, which serve as the subject matter for much of his writing output. Currently, Lee is practicing the smidgen of Chinese that he picked up while visiting the Chinese mainland in hopes of someday being able to read certain historical texts in their original language.
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Dissecting the Multi Billion Dollar Business of Televangelism


text:
York Dance Scholars
Reg. Charity No. 1077924 – Patron: Xander Parish
Louise Browne
Scholars Information ( Uniform, Rules & Regs)
Charity and Fundraising
updates/ Messages
Louise Browne was born in Madison USA and began her dance career in New York musicals and TheZeigfeld Follies. She came to London in 1927 to star in The Girlfriend at the Gaiety Theatre. Married to the diplomat Keith Liversidge she moved to Norway in 1945 whilst in Oslo returned to full time training.
Louise together with Gerd Kjolass founded and directed the Norske Ballet which eventually became the Norske Opera Ballet.
Louise returned to London in 1950 and began her long and fruitful association with the RoyalAcademy of Dancing. She successfully ran the RAD Summer school and served on the dance panel of the Arts Council of Great Britain. In 1971 Louise was awarded the Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Award and in 1978 the Order of the British Empire for her services to Ballet.
Louise and her husband returned to York and in 1955 .
She established the York Scholarship Centre for the training of promising young dancers for entry to the major ballet schools. When the RAD closed its regional centres Louise Browne decided to keep the Yorkshire Region open herself.
With the help of colleagues and friends she established this unique Centre for dance excellence in the North of England giving talented dancers the experience of a professional class alongside other talented children.
The Louise Browne Award
Sadly Louise passed away in 1996 at the age of 89. Louise placed emphasis on dancing to inspiring music, and now her inspiration lives on with her vision that continues to help talented children achieve their dream of dancing.
Patron: Xander Parish
Trustees : Vanessa J. Hooper (Chair), Rosemary Jagger (Secretary & Treasurer), Karen Twidale, Rebecca Salenius, Kelly Clary
Louise Browne Yorkshire Ballet Scholarship Centre –
Reg. Charity No. 1077924
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