text:
March 10, 2020 best-dating-services Dating Factory
Women In Jamestown-Women In Jamestown
Jamestown Colony History of American Women
The Indispensable Role of Women at Jamestown – Historic
Images of Women in Jamestown
Women In Jamestown
Sep 28, 2018 · In England, women performed the important task of brewing beer. They had heard disturbing reports of dissension, famine, and disease, and had decided it simply wasn't worth it. The Indispensable Role of Women at Jamestown. Some were purchased by unwed colonists as wives. On Twitter, Suzannah Lipscomb offered her own research on sixteenth and seventeenth-century French women as a counterpoint to Lawson's ahistorical assumptions. Also included were the first non-English settlers. May 05, 2017 · 1619, Virginia: on what feels like the edge of the world sits the first British colony of Jamestown. Finding Angelo: Honoring the First African American Women in Virginia The story of Angelo – the first African woman mentioned by name in the historical record at Jamestown – is told through speakers, panels, and performances representing the experience and impact of African women in early Jamestown, and their legacy today. Slavery as we know it today, evolved …. Between 1620 and 1622, well over one hundred women arrived in Jamestown. Women In Jamestown – Online dating has never been easier or more enjoyable. May 09, 2017 · Were 17th-century women really as rebellious as Jamestown makes out. The cast and crew on retelling the stories of Jamestown through a woman's perspective. Aug 31, 2016 · The men of Jamestown desperately wanted wives, but women were refusing to immigrate. Home vegetable gardens were also a women's specialty, and we know how hungry the settlers got.
TENACITY: Women in Jamestown and Early Virginia – History
Mistress Forrest and Anne Burras were the first two women known to have come to the Jamestown Colony. This free single dating site provides you with all those features which make searching and browsing as easy as you've always wished for. It's true that female agency and achievements have frequently been airbrushed by male historians, and that drama can redress this, as TV adaptations of Sarah Waters novels, such as Tipping the Velvet and Affinity, have done for sexuality. Women continued to receive a larger share of their late husbands' estates than was the norm elsewhere. And just how authentic are Jamestown's female protagonists. Get to know them before you meet them in person. The series Jamestown centers on three women who are bound to marry the men who paid for their passage to the English colony in Virginia. Jamestown was not the first successful permanent European settlement in what would become the United States; that distinction belongs to St. As a result, it appears that the bold women who migrated to Jamestown in the 17th century—or the ones who lived, at least—improved not only their own lives but also the lives of …. CONTRIBUTIONS OF EARLY VIRGINIA WOMEN: The first woman to foster stability in Jamestown was not an English woman but a native Virginian. Start chatting, dating with smart, single, beautiful women and men in your location. Find a girlfriend or lover in Jamestown, or just have fun flirting online with Jamestown single girls.
The Real Wives of Jamestown History Today
Jul 04, 2017 · Women in Jamestown In 1608 another 200 colonists set sail for Jamestown, including two women: Mrs. Forrest, the wife of a settler, and her young maid Anne Burras. The first recorded marriage at Jamestown was in 1608 between Anne Burras and John Laydon. Pocahontas, the daughter of Chief Powhatan, was among the …. All of the women who ventured to the Jamestown colony in the years 1619-1621 to become brides to colonists had to prove that, like Anne Rickard, they were suitable. Previous arrivals had included Bridewell inmates, women who were guilty of vagrancy and petty crimes like 'night-walking'. Despite the lopsided sex ratio of four English men for every English woman early in the seventeenth century, the presence of English women as servants, wives, mothers, agricultural workers and highly valued immigrants had a crucial impact on the development of …. Sep 01, 2018 · Women showed real grit in the early Jamestown colony. For 12 years, it has been populated only by men, but the settlement is shaken up when the first women, including Alice, Verity and Jocelyn…. Jamestown's best 100% FREE online dating site. Meet loads of available single women in Jamestown with Mingle2's Jamestown dating services. Beer was critical because in Jamestown, as in England, stream water was not safe. Almost everyone drank beer, because the brewing process produced a safe drink. Women at Jamestown. Before the end of 1608, Ann Burras married John Laydon, a laborer and one of the original settlers. English women continued to trickle into the colony after Forrest and Burras's arrival, although a concerted effort to increase the English female population of …. The Arrival of Additional Women at Jamestown. • In the year 1620, Jamestown became a more diverse (different) settlement. • In 1620, the Virginia Company of London sent additional women to the colony. • The arrival of these additional women made it possible for more settlers to establish families and a permanent settlement at Jamestown. The first English settlers in Jamestown, Virginia, who arrived in 1607, were eager to find gold and silver. Instead they found sickness and disease. Eventually, these colonists learned how to survive in their new environment, and by the middle of the seventeenth century they discovered that their fortunes lay in growing tobacco. Remains unearthed at Jamestown in 1997 may be those of Mistress Forrest. May 09, 2017 · Good Wives, Nasty Wenches, Jamestown Women. May 9, 2017 By Tom Cutterham in Commentary, Public History Tags: Gender, Jamestown, television, Virginia 7 Comments. I haven't yet had the opportunity to watch the new TV series, Jamestown, that recently premiered in the UK. But the television critic Mark Lawson has. Women. In Colonial Jamestown, women generally wore a two-piece dress made up of a gown and matching petticoat. The gown, also called a mantua, had a fitted bodice, sleeves that reached the elbows, and a skirt with an open front that showed the petticoat beneath. Wealthy women wore gowns of silk, while working class women wore wool, cotton or linen. Women In Jamestown – Sign up in one of the most popular online dating sites. Pamunkey Young Woman (uncredited) 9 episodes, 2017-2018 Shawn Beaver-Hawman Pamunkey Core Warrior (uncredited) 5 episodes, 2017-2018. The yearlong exhibition will explore little-known personal stories of the women in Jamestown and the early Virginia colony, highlighting their tenacious spirit and impact on a fledgling society. Single women for men in Jamestown (TN) If you are looking for single woman in Jamestown,TN you may find your match – here and now. Find Women Seeking Men listings in Jamestown, NY on Oodle Classifieds. Join millions of people using Oodle to find great personal ads. Don't miss what's happening in your neighborhood. May 05, 2017 · Feisty, cheeky and rebellious … the women of Jamestown. Augustine, in Florida, which was founded by the Spanish in 1565. He brought not any thing but 20. The year was 1619, and as an institution slavery did not yet exist in Virginia. The women in Lipscomb's archives "called each other 'drunk', 'harlot', 'shitty whore', 'lice-ridden' (pubic lice). Here's a look at some real wives in the first permanent.


South Korea and the Republic of Yemen plan to establish a technical institute worth $19 million.
The South Korean government will offer nearly $15.5 million from its Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) to help construct and equip the technical education and vocation training institute, while the Yemeni government will fund the remaining $3.5 million. As part of the agreement, Korean technical experts will be dispatched to help with the institute.
The (EDCF) is a bilateral loan program set up by the Korean government in 1987 to support economic growth of developing countries.
H.E. Won-ho Kwak, Republic of Korea ambassador to Yemen and H.E. Abdulkarim Al-Arhabi, deputy prime minister for Economic Affairs and minister of Planning and International Cooperation for the Republic of Yemen, signed the loan agreement in Sana'a last week.
This isn't the first time South Korea has offered financial support to Yemen – in 2006, South Korea provided a loan of $30 million to the Yemeni government for its expanded telecommunication network project.
It has also allocated another $100 million for Yemen to further develop infrastructural projects related to higher education and healthcare over a period of five years (2008 - 2011).


Recently my niece, brother-in-law, and sister-in-law came to Chico for a visit. Cheyenne and our daughter Emily are great buddies and truly enjoy their time together. I promised Cheyenne and her parents that I would take some pictures of her for a birthday present. So, while they were here I took advantage of my opportunity. Cheyenne is sooooooooo precious and sweet! I adore my darling niece! :) Richard, Trish and Cheyenne, I hope you enjoy the pictures.
Posted by Crystal on May 7, 2007 at 8:30PM.
Filed under babies and children, photos and portraits.


text:
// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
// Licensed under the MIT License.
// Code generated by Microsoft (R) AutoRest Code Generator.

package com.azure.resourcemanager.securityinsights.models;

import com.azure.core.annotation.Fluent;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonProperty;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeInfo;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonTypeName;

/** Describes an automation rule action to run a playbook. */
@JsonTypeInfo(use = JsonTypeInfo.Id.NAME, include = JsonTypeInfo.As.PROPERTY, property = "actionType")
@JsonTypeName("RunPlaybook")
@Fluent
public final class AutomationRuleRunPlaybookAction extends AutomationRuleAction {
    /*
     * The actionConfiguration property.
     */
    @JsonProperty(value = "actionConfiguration")
    private PlaybookActionProperties actionConfiguration;

    /**
     * Get the actionConfiguration property: The actionConfiguration property.
     *
     * @return the actionConfiguration value.
     */
    public PlaybookActionProperties actionConfiguration() {
        return this.actionConfiguration;
    }

    /**
     * Set the actionConfiguration property: The actionConfiguration property.
     *
     * @param actionConfiguration the actionConfiguration value to set.
     * @return the AutomationRuleRunPlaybookAction object itself.
     */
    public AutomationRuleRunPlaybookAction withActionConfiguration(PlaybookActionProperties actionConfiguration) {
        this.actionConfiguration = actionConfiguration;
        return this;
    }

    /** {@inheritDoc} */
    @Override
    public AutomationRuleRunPlaybookAction withOrder(int order) {
        super.withOrder(order);
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * Validates the instance.
     *
     * @throws IllegalArgumentException thrown if the instance is not valid.
     */
    @Override
    public void validate() {
        super.validate();
        if (actionConfiguration() != null) {
            actionConfiguration().validate();
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Located in between Northern Liberties and Temple U. Close to everything including grocery stores, public transportation, convenient stores, shopping, restaurants, and more!
This spacious 3 bedroom 1 bathroom has a great amount living space and outdoor space that make this a must see apartment. Tall ceilings, hardwood floors, and great natural light. The outdoor space is HUGE.
Each bedroom boasts H/W floors. There is also a dedicated storage space in the basement just for this unit.


text:
Paul Trotter
Paul Trotter died September 2014
Served as an RAF Photographer from 1945 to 1948.
Paul in 1946
Having been called-up for National Service Paul arrived at RAF Cardington in 1945 for selection.
Although with little in the way of formal qualifications he was selected to train as a photographer purely because his father was an artist, Paul embraced photography with enthusiasm.
Then it was on to RAF Padgate for his kit and a spell of square bashing. Trade training at No1 School of Photography at Farnborough followed.
At the end of the course Paul was posted to RAF Coningsby, he was astonished and excited at the degree of autonomy and responsibility thrust upon him. One of the photographic tasks was to record bomb damage over Germany using a hand held camera through an open side window, flying in 83 Squadron and 97 Squadron Lincolns.
83 Squadron and 97 Squadron Lincolns
Paul was posted to RAF Marham and recounted how he took air to air photographs of the new Lincolns of 90 Squadron while hanging onto the open rear crew door.
In 1948 he was posted to 81 Squadron at RAF Labuan, travelling to Singapore on the troopship the Empire Trooper.
RAF Labuan
Dad loved life in the RAF, the camaraderie, the friendships and the mutual support. He continued his photographic career for a time after he was demobed, working with Sir Alexander Fleming and his team at St Marys Hospital in London. He then worked in the field of technical publications but retained photography as his hobby throughout his life – Carol Trotter (daughter)
F24 magazine store and film dryer RAF Coningsby

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


CH # 2380, Fr # 606, Large Size Blue Seal, Top and bottom margins are miscut. The item "$5 1902 FNB Walla Walla Washington national currency bank note, Ch# 2380 PMG 63" is in sale since Saturday, March 30, 2019. This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Paper Money\ US\National Banknotes". The seller is "scplace" and is located in Sedro Woolley, Washington.


text:
King Menander (Greek/Bactria: 165- 130 BC)
Menander I Soter "The Saviour" (known as Milinda in Indian Pali sources)
Menander was the Indo-Greek king (165 BC-130 BC) who established a large empire in the South Asia and became a patron of Buddhism......Menander was born in the Caucasus, and was initially a king of Bactria.
Greco-Bactrian Kingdom 2nd century BC
"Bamian lies on the Silk Road and was the scene of intensive Buddhist activity and commerce during the reign of Emperor Ashoka from India around the 3rd century B.C. On his way to India, Alexander the Great passed through Bamian around 327 B.C. and participated in a lively cultural exchange. Perhaps the most remarkable result of the fusion of eastern and western influences was the Gandhara School of art in India, which integrated Greco-Roman classical lines in the images of Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The book Milindapanha ("Questions of King Milinda"), classified as a Hinayana text that was originally written in Pali and which has been translated into every major eastern and western language, is a literary testimony of the philosophical dialog held between the Greek King Menandros and the Buddhist Monk Nagasena. It is believed that India entered a new historical phase due to the cultural exchange with Greco-Bactria, and it is worth noting that King Milinda was given the title Maharaja Dharmika Menandrasa, "Milinda, the righteous king," and that a stupa was erected to enshrine his ashes after his death. It is claimed that Nagasena was a mighty king of Sagala, that he gave up his throne in favour of his son and became a Buddhist mendicant, furthermore that Nagasena was a descendant of Mahasammata, a king mentioned in the Pali Chronicles as the original ancestor of the Sakya family, to which the Buddha belonged.".....http://www.rinpoche.com/stories/tibet1.htm
(The Questions of King Milinda, Translation by T. W. Rhys Davids, 1890).
".....the Greek geographer Strabo wrote that he "conquered more tribes than Alexander the Great. ....He is one of the few Bactrian kings mentioned by Greek authors, among them Apollodorus of Artemita, quoted by Strabo, who claims that the Greeks from Bactria were even greater conquerors than Alexander the Great, and that Menander was one of the two Bactrian kings, with Demetrius, who extended their power farthest into India.....His reign was long and successful. Generous findings of coins testify to the prosperity and extension of his empire (with finds as far as Britain): the finds of his coins are the most numerous and the most widespread of all the Indo-Greek kings. Precise dates of his reign, as well as his origin, remain elusive however. Guesses among historians have been that Menander was either a nephew or a former general of the Greco-Bactrian king Demetrius I, but the two kings are now thought to be separated by at least thirty years. Menander's predecessor in Punjab seems to have been the king Apollodotus I."
"Menander was the first Indo-Greek ruler to introduce the representation of Athena Alkidemos ("Athena, saviour of the people") on his coins, probably in reference to a similar statue of Athena Alkidemos in Pella, capital of Macedon. This type was subsequently used by most of the later Indo-Greek kings.".....
In the Milindanpanha, Menander is introduced as......."King of the city of Sâgala, Milinda by name, learned, eloquent, wise, and able; and a faithful observer, and that at the right time, of all the various acts of devotion and ceremony enjoined by his own sacred hymns concerning things past, present, and to come. Many were the arts and sciences he knew--holy tradition and secular law; the Sânkhya, Yoga, Nyâya, and Vaisheshika systems of philosophy; arithmetic; music; medicine; the four Vedas, the Purânas, and the Itihâsas; astronomy, magic, causation, and magic spells; the art of war; poetry; conveyancing in a word, the whole nineteen."
"Tibetan histories and works on Kdla Chakrait may be conjectured that this S'ambhala, very probably, was the capital of the Bactrian Empire of the Eastern Greeks who had embraced Buddhism. It is also conjectured that the modern city of Balkh must have been the site of their latest capital. The name of King Menander {Minendra) who erected a very lofty chaiti/a has been mentioned by the Kashmirian poet Ksomendra, in Avaddna Kalpalatd, a work that was finished in about 1035 A.D"....http://archive.org/stream/grammaroftibetan00dass/grammaroftibetan00dass_djvu.txt
"According to an ancient Sri Lankan source, the Mahavamsa, Greek monks seem to have been active proselytizers of Buddhism during the time of Menander: the Yona (Greek) Mahadhammarakkhita (Sanskrit: Mahadharmaraksita) is said to have come from "Alasandra" (thought to be Alexandria of the Caucasus, the city founded by Alexander the Great, near today's Kabul) with 30,000 monks for the foundation ceremony of the Maha Thupa ("Great stupa") at Anuradhapura in Sri Lanka, during the 2nd century BC: "From Alasanda the city of the Yonas came the thera ("elder") Yona Mahadhammarakkhita with thirty thousand bhikkhus." (Mahavamsa, XXIX ).....http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menander_I
Strato I (Greek: Στράτων Α΄), was an Indo-Greek king who was the son of the Indo-Greek queen Agathokleia....ruled between c. 130–110 BCE in Northern India and that his father was the great king Menander I. ....The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom was a Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of the northwest regions of the Indian subcontinent during the last two centuries BC, and was ruled by more than 30 kings, often in conflict with each other......The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-Bactrian king Demetrius invaded India early in the 2nd century BC. Pushed by the Scythian tribes, the Graeco-Bactrians were forced to invade India. The Greeks in India were eventually divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria (now the border between Afghanistan and Uzbekistan). But, the Greeks failed to establish a united rule in north-western India. The most famous Indo-Greek ruler was Menander (Milinda). He had his capital at Sakala in Punjab, modern Pakistan, and he successfully invaded the Ganges-Yamuna doab.......Greco-Bactrian Kingdom Alexander had also established several colonies in neighbouring Bactria, such as Alexandria on the Oxus (modern Ai-Khanoum) and Alexandria of the Caucasus (medieval Kapisa, modern Bagram). After Alexander's death in 323 BC, Bactria came under the control of Seleucus I Nicator, who founded the Seleucid Empire. The Greco-Bactrian Kingdom was founded when Diodotus I, the satrap of Bactria (and probably the surrounding provinces) seceded from the Seleucid Empire around 250 BC......
"....we gather from the coins, the names of some 38 Indo-Bactrian Greek rulers, including Menander.......In the Periplus (Ad 70=80) those who reigned after Alexander, namely Apollodotus and Menander. ......Plutarch tells us that Manander was noted for justice....Minendra in Prakrit and Minendra in Sanskrit...Milindra in Kshemendra's Avadabakalpalata.....Menadra (Menandra) which is found on the coins.....Of all the Yavana kings, Menander alone found a prominent place in Buddhist tradition as a scholar and patron of Buddhism..He is identified with King Milinda who is one of the two leading characters in the Milinda-panha, "Questions of Milinda" a famous Buddhist text which is a dialogue between the King and the Buddhist monk Nagasena. .....In the Milinda-panho tradition, Menander was born at a vilage called Kala si grama in the dvipa or Doab of Alasanda-Alexandria near Kabul, and had his capital at Sa Kala...It is said that Menander handed over the kingdom to his son and became a Buddhist monk.....Kshemendra refers to Menander, a story which is sometimes told about Kanishka....Menander seems to have ruled about 115- 90 BC.....the Yavanas lost Bactria about 125 BC and probably also Drangiana and parts of Arachosia....."Foreign Influence on Ancient India"...K.C. Sagar.....
Greek King Menander I (Milinda) engages Ven. Nagasena on the Dharma in Bactria.....Afghan monks in Afghanistan, Bactria, Gandhara, with Greek King Menander.....http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.com/2013/10/buddhism-in-ancient-greece-king-milinda.html
"As a consequence of the conquest of the Persian empire, the Greeks gained control of Bactria -- modern Afghanistan -- together with northern India. The local Greek rulers managed to establish their independence from the Seleucid Empire, which first held control over the area. ....Greek rule of Bactria continued until about 165 BC when the Shakas destroyed the Bactrian kingdom. Greeks continued to rule, however, in southern Afghanistan and northwestern India (Gandhara) for another 150 years. The most important of these kings was Menander I, known as "Milinda" in Buddhist sources, who ruled about 115-90 BC. Buddhism had reached the area [due to early converts in the Shakya clan, the Buddha's extended family, which was likely from this wealthy frontier area along the Silk Road even as the Buddha taught far to the east in India (Afghanistan has Buddhist art and architecture such as monastic complexes and statues as old as Buddhism, such as Mes Aynak)]. In addition, missionaries [were sent out by the Buddha] and later by the Mauryan Emperor Ashoka more than a century earlier."....http://wisdomquarterly.blogspot.com/2013/10/buddhism-in-ancient-greece-king-milinda.html
"Manjushrí Kírti (Tib. Rigdan Jampel Dakpa) is said to have been born in 159 BCE and ruled over Shambhala which had 300,510 followers of the Mlechha (Yavana or "western"..."Greek speakers") religion living in it, some of whom worshiped the sun. He is said to have expelled all the heretics from his dominions but later, after hearing their petitions, allowed them to return. For their benefit, and the benefit of all living beings, he explained the Kalachakra teachings. In 59 BCE he abdicated his throne to his son, Pundarika (Tib. Pema Karpo) (176-76 BCE),...... and died soon afterwards, entering the Sambhoga-káya of Buddhahood."....Das, Sarat Chandra (1882). Contributions on the Religion and History of Tibet.
"Menander I Soter "The Saviour" (known as Milind in Indian sources) was the Indo-Greek king (155 BCE) who established a large empire in the Central Asia and became a patron of Buddhism.....Menander was born in the Caucasus (Hindu Kush Moutains), and was initially a king of Bactria. ....Buddhist tradition relates that he handed over his kingdom to his son, Strato I......
"Tibetan histories and works on Kdla Chakrait may be conjectured that this S'ambhala, very probably, was the capital of the Bactrian Empire of the Eastern Greeks who had embraced Buddhism. It is also conjectured that the modern city of Balkh must have been the site of their latest capital. The name of King Menander {Minendra) who erected a very lofty chaiti/a has been mentioned by the Kashmirian poet Ksomendra, in Avaddna Kalpalatd, a work that was finished iu about 1035 A.D."....http://archive.org/stream/grammaroftibetan00dass/grammaroftibetan00dass_djvu.txt
Kalki Rigden Kings....#1) Yashas..... (Tib. Jampal Dakpa; "Manjushri Yashas") - King Yashas is said to have lived in the second century BCE. He put the Kalachakra teachings in a condensed and simplified form called the "Sri Kalachakra" or "Laghutantra". He also converted a group of non-Buddhist Brahman priests of Shambhala to Buddhism and gave them the Kalachakra initiation, thereby uniting all inhabitants into one "vajra caste," or family of tantric practitioners. He said to have predicted the coming of "barbarian Dharma" after 800 years (about 600 CE), which indicates a form of Islam.....http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Shambhala
"Seven generations of kings after Suchandra, in 176 BCE, King Manjushri Yashas gathered the religious leaders of Shambhala, specifically the brahman wise men, to give them predictions and a warning. Eight hundred years in the future, namely in 624 CE, a non-Indic religion will arise in Mecca. Because of a lack of unity among the brahmans' people and laxity in following correctly the injunctions of their Vedic scriptures, many will accept this religion, far in the future, when its leaders threaten an invasion. To prevent this danger, Manjushri Yashas united the people of Shambhala into a single "vajra-caste" by conferring upon them the Kalachakra empowerment. By his act, the king became the First Kalki – the First Holder of the Caste. He then composed The Abridged Kalachakra Tantra, which is the version of The Kalachakra Tantra that is presently extant."......http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kings_of_Shambhala
Labels: Kings
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The Great Kashmiri Poet Kshemendra (990 – 1070 AD )
Natural Perfection: Longchenpa's Radical Dzogchen ...
Alexandra David-Neel & Historical Shambala (1924-1...
Csoma de Körös (1784-1842)...Early Shambhala Research
The 25 Kalki: Rigden Kings of Shambala
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The Nine Warrior Gods & Goddesses of Shambala
Sadanga Yoga, Dark Retreat, Ratriyoga & Seven Cycl...
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Ziji: dZi, Zi, Ji...Brilliance & Splendor
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Central Asia: Historical Timetable Notes….40,000 B...
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The Kalachakra Tantra: Defeating Enemies in War
Bactria in the Bronze Age (2500-1500 BC)
Sotung Nangu, Crystal Iconography, Hopi Sky Gods &...
Rigden King Suchandra of Shambala (878 BC)
Bactrian Kshatriya Kings & Kapisa (644 AD)
Alexandria in the Caucasus Indicus : Kapisa (323 BC)
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Khyunglung Ngülkhar: The Silver Palace & The Garud...
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By FFWPU USA: Rev. Michael Sykes and his wife Minister Zena Sykes, embarked on a 12-city Gratitude Tour that culminated on September 13 in Seattle, Washington. The tour was done at their own expense as a way to give back and show appreciation to True Parents. Beginning on August 21 in New Jersey, the couple traveled to New York, Michigan, Ohio, Illinois, Minnesota, Wisconsin, North and South Dakota, Idaho, and Washington in order to meet with Unificationists and clergy and to educate pastors on how to teach Divine Principle to their congregations.
During their visit to Minneapolis, Pastor Michael and Zena Sykes welcomed 40 people including 10 ministers and community leaders. "There was an outpouring of love and it was an event that was heartily received by all," said one participant. Rev. Sykes spoke about how teaching responsible marriage is the key to saving this nation and encouraged participants to teach the Divine Principle and to reach out to ministers to teach Divine Principle to their congregations.
In South Dakota, the couple had the opportunity to meet with Dennis and Mayuri Hoffman, who blessed 160 couples in marriage in 1997 and who worked together with Chief Red Cloud and the native radio station to then bless 120,000 couples in marriage, including 100 pastors.
In all of the communities Rev. Michael and Minister Zena Sykes were received with love and warmth. They expressed their gratitude to local Unificationists and encouraged them to continue to do their best in teaching others the great works of True Parents.


Originally from the Uk, Zeenat met Ismail through friends and 'the rest is history'. Their wedding date was set for April 2017, giving eight months to plan. Save the date pencils were sent out to guests in the UK, Canada, Australia, Zimbabwe, Lesotho and Pakistan…….
Zeenat explained that Indian weddings tend to be spread over a few days with lots of singing, dancing and plenty of food and theirs was no different.
The official start of the wedding kicked off on the Wednesday before the reception with a mehndi or henna ceremony as well as an official engagement and exchanging of gifts between the two families. The religious ceremony, or nikah, was conducted at their local mosque on the Friday. The following day was their reception, which held in the evening. Mohammed Rawoot of M Couture designed her dress and was there to dress Zeenat.
Zeenat wanted a magical garden theme for the reception, with plenty of whites, greens and gold for décor and lots of fresh flowers and candles all produced by the team at Rosy's Decor.
The venue, a recently revamped community centre is owned by the reputable Elegante Caterers, (who provided the three-course meal on the night) and the white washed walls, and lightly coloured tiled floor really lent itself well to the overall décor.
Zeenat made a doughnut wall herself which she placed in the foyer to welcome her gusts. She found the peg boards on sale at Typo and decorated the edges with flowers from China Town. The doughnuts were actually mini cakes, baked in the shape of a doughnut and were made by the talented Fatima Abdurrahman of DelicatSA.
Another standout feature was the wedding cake that was designed by HundredsnThousands in Cape Town. The outside of the cake was elegantly decorated in cream and hold icing, while the opposite side had the British and South African flag to represent where we both come from.
Although over five hours long, the reception went by very quickly, with speeches from our uncles, cousins and my grandfather as the MC.


The senior adult ministry of Churchill Baptist Church is an active group. The Senior Adult Council is committed to helping senior adults of our church grow in their spiritual life and encourage and fellowship with one another. We meet twice monthly for lunch and games. In addition, we plan several events throughout the year. Come join us as we fellowship with one another and honor God through our ministries to the homebound and seniors.
Every 2nd & 4th Tuesday at 12:00 p.m.
Bring a covered dish to share! We will have fellowship and play games afterwards!
of every month at 2:00 p.m.
in the Family Life Center!
Popcorn and drinks are provided!
This ministry conducts a weekly service on Mondays for residents at Adante Assisted Living & Heartis Senior Living . The services consist of singing hymns, reading scripture, prayer and delivering God's Holy Word. The ministry team, led by a devotional leader, consists of musician(s), a song leader, helpers to assist residents as needed to and from the meeting room, and volunteers to provide treats/cookies for residents.


Ahh Bali – known as the Island of Gods due to its holy energy and the abundance of temples, but dare I say it is the Island of Vegan Gods! It is an absolute dream to be a vegan in Bali, I never overdosed on dragon fruit and other fruit as much as I have in Bali.
Me being on a never ending journey of discovering vegan-friendly restaurants all over the world, I am literally THAT BIT*H that gets super excited when I see a vegan restaurant abroad. As history shows I even cycled in pitch black on country roads through the island to go and have dinner at one of the best vegan places on Gili T island, even death won't stop me!
These are the very small percentage of vegan-friendly restaurants and cafe which I had the chance of exploring whilst on my short 1-week holiday in Bali, after reviewing an Ayurvedic retreat in Ubud for work. I will list all the ones which I was also dying to go to, although I simply didn't get the time! So if you are in Bali, depending on the area which you are visiting, be sure to check these out.
This place is incredible, highly recommended. Centrally located, near the Monkey Forrest. I rushed straight to it after being fed cooked Ayurvedic food all week and all my body was craving a massive raw salad, and a superfood smoothie .. and umm turns out some chips too! I walked past the entrance as it looked so posh, with a massive round wooden, carved out spinning door! After taking my flip flops off and being handed a little 'flip flop ticket' I walked up the winy wooden stairs which are draped in live plants to the most spectacular display which they make out of fresh flowers, with beautiful daily messages. On the day when I went it said 'You Are Loved' what a beautiful reminder and I, of course, had to ask a random lovely German couple to take some pictures of me, which then ended up as one of the top posts for the Clearcafe hashtag!
I ordered the Chaka Maca as not only was I deprived of super-foods on my retreat, I was also deprived of chocolate too! The orgasmic smoothie consisted of cocoa powder, mylk, maca powder which naturally increases your energy and my seems like my happiness levels too! The salad was inhaled before I could even take some pictures of it for the 'gram, sorry guys.
I loved the vibe of the place, you can see that a lot of local expats come there to work on their nomadic businesses, which is always an indication of a quality spot, as otherwise you won't see locals there!
A gorgeous relaxed atmosphere, and scrumptious food (although I haven't tried it myself)!
Seems like a raw vegan place, plenty of goodness and they even do vegan cooking classes!
Another raw food cafe, with lots of smoothies, raw dishes and cakes!
I went there once to get an Acai bowl but they were sold out, so I tried one of their smoothies which was nice. It is not a purely vegan place, but they do have some vegan options and alternative milk.
This place is amazing! The best vegan food on the island by far. Super cool interior, with cool staff and a super relaxed al-fresco vibe. It is all vegan, and very reasonably priced. I had a dinner there which was a salad with a dragon fruit bowl and a litre of water for under £10! Service is amazing, I was very desperate for some alternative milk so the waiter sold me some soya milk, so I could make my morning smoothies in the morning!
I did nearly killed myself getting there though. I rented a bike as other than walking, renting a bicycle or getting one of the 'horse taxi's' there is no other way to get around the island. As I stayed at the top of the island, which is on the opposite site to the town and where this cafe is, I had to cycle there in pitch black through country roads which are bumpy AF! It was a mixture of cycling as fast as I could to get there quickly, whilst holding my phone for the Google Maps directions, whilst still managing to hold on to both of the handles for DEAR LIFE so to not fall over! It was an adventure to say the least. Cycling back I followed a couple who used the torches on their phones to guide their way.. I was too hungry and frightened to think of that!
This is part of a yoga centre and is a lovely little cafe. I came here after a day of snorkelling through all the the plastic and hotel junk in the ocean, oh and seeing turtles.
I ordered their Buddha Bowl and Avocado and Dragon Fruit Smoothie which was TO-DIE-FOR. Got chatting to one of the waiters as it was very quiet, and he told me that although he works there and enjoys the vegan food, none of his friends or family eat vegan. Majority of the people in Bali live on rice, meat and vegetables and that is what they eat 3 times a day, he said, they need something filling and for it to give them energy for the whole day doing hard-laboured jobs.
It was also interesting to learn that such a small island has such a high demand for drugs. Although mushrooms are freely advertised on small stalls, he told me any drug can be bought on Gili T, I was astonished although I knew it was a party island, I didn't know that drugs were so accessible there, and I mean ANY drugs! I am not into drugs, nor do I condone them, but it is always interesting to talk to locals and get an insight into their life which you won't get on Lonely Guide!
Specialising in organic dishes, it has many vegan options but does also serve meat. I had breakfast here which was a cooked breakfast, but I wasn't blown away nor was it 'Instagrammable'. It has nice coffee's and lots of people pop in here before their boat leaves as it is very close to the main pier. Worth popping in for a juice I think, but can't recommend the food, and the service was very.. unbothered.
Is hip, it's trendy and totally up my ally! They call themselves 'Garden Gangsters' and the presentation in these cafe's are everything! Mainly vegan but they do have some eggs on the menu, I would highly recommend this place. So much choice, you can't help but order everything on the menu! Their bowls are to die for, highly recommend. But bare in mind that they open from 7am – 4pm so don't do what I did, and try coming here for dinner.
This is one of the cafes which you will see all over Instagram when searching for places to go to in Bali. I have been following them ever since I wanted to visit Bali about 2 years ago! I came here for breakfast as soon as they opened, and as by this time I got a little sick of having sweet breakfast everyday I went for their cooked vegan breakfast, and a baby smoothie bowl. It was so delicious, best cooked breakfast on my trip, reasonably priced but the place is pretty snug. Little tip: If you go to the nearby beauty salons and you are their first customer, you can get a super cheap manicure and pedicure as they believe that first business is good luck, so are happy to haggle! I got a pedicure for about £3.50!
Is another place which is all over Instagram, as it is so photogenic and the bowls look like heaven. I didn't get the chance to go as I was too busy catching a tan on my final day with Jenny, a girl who I met at Potato Head Beach club and as these places close so early, I missed it. But this place is a MUST visit, since it looks like there are very close to each other you show go down there and have a dragon fruit bowl for me, my fave!
As I didn't go to this area at all, these are the places which I still researched and would visit next time I am there, they all look yummy and all have vegan options!
Betelnet Cafe, Avocado Cafe, Nalu Bowls, Ruko Cafe and Shady Shack.
Bali is so vegan friendly, as many people see the opportunity to open up these cafes and restaurants as Veganism is growing rapidly and there is a the perfect opportunity to monitise on that by opening a super Instagrammable place, with amazing food and make us happy!
If you think this is useful for your friends to know then please share it, pin it and Re-Tweet it!
The Best Facial In The World?


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Author: Chris King
X-Men: Apocalypse Review: An Entertaining, Overstuffed Adventure
Warning: The following review contains spoilers from X-Men: Apocalypse. If you have not yet seen the movie, go watch it first before reading this review. Concluding a film trilogy is always difficult. The characters in X-Men: Apocalypse even crack a joke about this after going to see Return of the Jedi, saying that the third […]
Agents of SHIELD 3.20 Review: "Emancipation"
Over the back half of its third season, Agents of SHIELD has been filling us on Hive's plan little by little, as we've seen him control Inhumans and destroy the villainous powerhouse that was Gideon Malick. However, with Season 3's two-hour finale next week, the Marvel series finally unveiled what the god-like Inhuman's endgame is and […]
Daredevil Season 2 Video Review
Daredevil Season 2 was easily one of the most anticipated television events of 2016, and just a couple weeks ago, Marvel fans were finally able to experience it after all 13 episodes of the new season debuted on Netflix. The second season of Marvel's Daredevil introduced fans to several new characters, including Frank Castle (Jon Bernthal) and […]
Agents of SHIELD 3.12 Review: "The Inside Man"
For most of its running time, "The Inside Man" is a pretty predictable episode of Agents of SHIELD. As soon as Talbot starts labeling everyone at the symposium a traitor, it's clear that he's the titular inside man that's working for Malick, and it's also not a shocker when we discover that he's only working […]
Agents of SHIELD's Inhumans Won't Be Mentioned in Captain America: Civil War
Although the Marvel Cinematic Universe does encompass both television and film, it never seems like Marvel's shows, such as Agents of SHIELD, are ever incorporated in the studio's movies. While SHIELD's characters will, at the very least, mention whatever occurred in Marvel's most recent blockbuster, whether it be Captain America: The Winter Solider or Avengers: Age of Ultron, the individuals […]
Marvel's Jessica Jones Series Premiere Video Review
After months of anticipation, Jessica Jones has finally arrived. All 13 episodes of Marvel's second Netflix series (following the incredible success that was the first season of Daredevil, which launched back in April) debuted at midnight on the West Coast today and are ready to be binged by excited viewers this weekend. We here at The Marvel Report […]
Agents of SHIELD 3.08 Review: "Many Heads, One Tale"
One of the biggest problems with Agents of SHIELD's second season was that, throughout much of the latter half of it, the series felt like two different shows. You had the spy antics and everything going on with Ward, but you also had the history Skye's family and the introduction of the Inhumans. Thankfully, throughout […]
Agents of SHIELD New York Comic-Con Panel Recap
Friday night at New York Comic-Con, Marvel Television held a joint panel for Marvel's Agents of SHIELD and Marvel's Agent Carter. This is a recap of all the news, spoilers, and more announced about SHIELD Season 3 during the panel. Here are the major highlights: Agents of SHIELD is currently filming its 50th episode. Clark Gregg's first reaction upon learning […]
Agents of SHIELD – "Purpose in the Machine" Review
What's been so important about the growth of Agents of SHIELD since its uneven first season is that not only does the scope and story of the series feel more epic, but its characters have become more vibrant and relatable. Viewers not only understand and enjoy each individual's strengths and weaknesses but have come to […]
Taika Waititi in Talks to Direct Thor: Ragnarok
Thor: Ragnarok may have finally found its director. According to a report from The Wrap, Taika Waititi (What We Do in the Shadows, Flight of the Conchords) is in talks with Marvel to helm the upcoming Thor sequel. The news has not yet been confirmed by Marvel. Waititi reportedly beat out Ruben Fleischer (Zombieland, Gangster Squad) for the directing job, […]


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SA v IND 2021-22: 'They are feeling a little bit of pressure', Lungi Ngidi on visitors' angry reactions after DRS call
Virat Kohli and company accused that host broadcaster rigged DRS on stump mic.
By Salman Anjum - 14 Jan, 2022
South African pacer Lungi Ngidi on Thursday (January 13) hit out at the Indian players for showing their angry emotions after a controversial DRS call saved host skipper Dean Elgar.
According to Ngidi, the visitors were clearly "frustrated and under pressure", which resulted in such reactions on the field.
Elgar was caught plumb by off-spinner R Ashwin in front of the stumps and umpire Marais Erasmus adjudged it out. However, the call was overturned with the ball tracker suggesting that the ball would have gone over the stumps.
The decision triggered a drama as the furious Indian players, including skipper Virat Kohli, his deputy KL Rahul and Ashwin, accused that host broadcaster Supersport TV rigged DRS. All their chatter was caught on the stump mic.
WATCH- Focus on your team as well- Virat Kohli pissed off after DRS gives Dean Elgar a life
"Reactions like that show a bit of frustration. And sometimes teams capitalise on that. You never really want to show too much emotion, but I guess we could see clearly right there that emotions were high," Ngidi said during the media interaction after the end of the third day's play.
A fuming Kohli vented out his frustration as he went up to the stumps and said: "Focus on your team as well when they shine the ball eh, not just the opposition. Trying to catch people all the time."
Ashwin was also caught saying: "You should find better ways to win Supersport", while Rahul was heard commenting: "Whole country playing against XI guys."
Ngidi said Kohli and his men were rattled after the DRS incident.
"That probably tells us that maybe they are feeling a little bit of pressure. That was a good partnership for us as well. So they really wanted to break that partnership.
"Those feelings ended up showing there. But at the end of the day, I think everyone reacts differently to certain situations and probably what we saw there, probably how those guys were feeling at the time."
Backing the DRS system, Ngidi further said: "Yes (we trust DRS). I mean, we've seen it on numerous occasions being used all around the world. It's a system in place and that's used in cricket."
Chasing 212 to win, the Proteas were 101/2 at the close of play on Day 3. While Elgar fell at the stroke of stumps after scoring 30, Keegan Petersen was still unbeaten in the middle on 48.
The hosts need 111 more runs to clinch the series 2-1 and they have eight wickets in hand heading into the penultimate day of the Cape Town Test.
"I think everyone's still in the game to be honest with you. If we would have a 60-run partnership upfront tomorrow morning that puts us in a good position.
"But if they take a wicket then the balance shifts to them. So I think it's perfectly poised at the moment. Tomorrow's morning session is going to be really important."
"We all know batting in South Africa is not easy. It's going to be tough, but I think the team that does the best will come out on top," he added.
Talking about the pitch, he said: "I think the ball is doing something the entire Test series. There're patches on the wicket where if you hit it, it does something more than others."
"But all in all, I think we could see with patience, guys can get to score hundred out there. There's been two 70s already.
"With the right application, there are runs on the wicket. But that's not to say as a bowler if you hit the right areas you get wicket as well. So it's a good cricketing wicket. Everyone's in the game. It's pretty evenly matched in my opinion."
SA v IND 2021-22 Decision Review System ICC Test Championship Ravichandran Ashwin ICC World Test Championship SuperSport Lungi Ngidi DRS SA v IND India Dean Elgar KL Rahul Indian Cricket Team Test Cricket Team India Virat Kohli South Africa
No communication received from Ramiz Raja on proposed 4-nation T20I series: ICC CEO Geoff Allardice
SA v IND 2021-22: WATCH - "You think you gonna keep me quiet?", Kohli gives Elgar a hard time on Day 3
SA v IND 2021-22: WATCH - Rishabh Pant's gesture for his bat wins heart on social media


Push notifications are going to redefine the new generation of social messaging. While for a general user, it can multiply the level of personalized communication; for a marketer; it can unearth entirely new sources of revenues. Read on!
Push notifications are messages sent via push notification service to a mobile app. A push notification is populated with interesting content - a promotional coupon, invitations, proximity alerts, social media activities that require attention etc.
The primary objective of any push notification is to attract the attention of its reader and then influence him/her make an action such as purchasing a product/service.
Tomorrow's push notification might be the face of social messaging. Think of a built-in control panel with smartphones that allows users to customize the way they receive notification, mould it according to their preference. Think of a notification system that uses data to offer standalone and useful set of most practical information. Think of a notification system that integrates AI to predict and act on user preferences.
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More personalized communication is important for better functioning of push notification. More predictable behavior is required for intelligence defining which means integration of AI can channelize communication in more meaningful way!


Physics Professor, Don Remmler's controversial ideas had made him an outcast. When his experiments produce unexpected results, it seems a confirmation of his theories. In orbit, an experimental satellite discovers magnetic anomalies deep in the Egyptian desert. Archaeologist, Sergei Vaseliev, is dispatched to investigate - what he finds creates more questions than answers. When the two men cross paths and collaborate they discover an ancient secret, but can they understand it before it's too late?


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Nils Beyer, Ragnar Allberg, Arne Bornesbusch, Robin Hood [Bengt Idestam-Almquist], Gustaf Molander, Per-Axel Branner and E W Olson during one of the earliest meeting of the Swedish Film Society in 1933. Photographer: unknown.
The Archival Film Collections of the Swedish Film Institute is one of the oldest film archives in the world, as it originates from Svenska Filmsamfundet (The Swedish Film Society) founded in October, 1933. The collections of the Svenska Filmsamfundet gained an independent status in 1940, and was renamed Filmhistoriska samlingarna (The Film Historic Collections). The collections were held at Tekniska museet (The National Museum of Science and Technology) in Stockholm. The Film Historic Collections became a member of the international federation of film archives, FIAF, in 1946. The collections were donated to the then newly-established Swedish Film Institute in 1964.
An article on the history of the archive (pdf) was published in Journal of Film Preservation commemorating the 75th anniversary in 2008.
History in brief
The Swedish Film Society is founded on October 31st, 1933. The original members of the society's working commission were Bengt Idestam-Almquist, Arne Bornebusch, Gustaf Molander, Per-Axel Branner, E W Olson, Nils Beyer and Ragnar Allberg. Other members of the society included writers Eyvind Johnson and Artur Lundkvist.
A commission for the creation of a film museum is appointed and includes Vilhelm Bryde, Gotthard Johansson, Per-Axel Branner, Gustaf Berg and Julius Jaenzon. The collecting of non-film material begins immediately.
The Swedish Film Society acquires facilities at the National Museum of Science and Technology.
The society's collections get an independent status and is renamed The Film Historic Collections. Einar Lauritzen is the first curator.
The Film Historic Collections becomes a member of the international federation of film archives, FIAF. The commercial film industry in Sweden begins to give annual financial support to The Film Historic Collections on the initiative of Carl-Anders Dymling, managing director of the major production company Svensk Filmindustri.
The Film Historic Collections becomes an independent foundation, with the Swedish Film Society as one of the founders. The mission of the society itself is from now on restricted to the organising of screenings, lectures and debates. (The Swedish Film Society is re-organised into Svenska Filmakademin (The Swedish Film Academy) in 1967, with Gösta Werner being the academy's first president.
The Film Historic Collections hosts the FIAF congress.
An agreement is reached between the Film Historic Collections and the Swedish Film Institute, and the entire collection is donated to the Institute on March 16th, 1964. The facilities remain at the National Museum of Science and Technology. The collections are integrated with the Documentation department of the Swedish Film Institute, established in 1963. The collections are then divided into three units, the clippings archive, the archival film collections (which begin to organize regular screenings) and the documentation department.
The project of duplicating Swedish feature films from the nitrate era (1897-1953) is launched. 29 feature films are duplicated in the first year.
The Archival Film Collections begins to acquire classics of Soviet cinema, thanks to an agreement with Gosfilmofond in Moscow. The design of the institute's new facilities is completed. The archival screenings become a separate department of the institute.
The Archival Film Collections continue to grow, and the proper cataloguing of the collections is started. The collections hold some 1000 titles. New staff is hired in order to increase the number of duplications of nitrate films.
48 nitrate features are duplicated, among them 18 from the silent era. An out-of-use ammunitions depot in Glasberga is rented in order to house the increasing number of acquired nitrate elements.
A cost-sharing agreement with the national broadcasting corporation Sveriges Radio is reached on the duplication of films produced by AB Wivefilm.
The new facilities at Filmhuset are ready to take into use in October 1970. The Archival Film Collections get its first cold storage vault which holds a temperature of -5ºC and a relative humidity of 35%.
An inventory of existing elements to Nordic feature films from the nitrate era is made, as well as a preservation plan, in order to apply for common funding from the Nordic Council. The application is rejected, but the preservation plan for the Swedish material has since been the guide for the duplication carried out by the archive.
Ten previously thought lost films are found by the Archival Film Collections. 14 silent films and 53 sound features from the nitrate era are duplicated onto safety stock.
Computer processing of the holdings catalogue is initiated.
The catalogue is transferred to microfiche using OCR-technology. The catalogue now includes approximately 75% of the estimated holdings.
The Swedish Film Institute acquires the Hollywood film laboratory in Rotebro.
Common regulations on voluntary deposit are established by the Swedish Film Institute and Föreningen Sveriges Filmproducenter (The Swedish Association of Film Producers).
The Film Institute becomes part-owner to the Film-Labor laboratory.
Government funding for restoration and duplication is withdrawn.
The facilities in Rotebro are extended and up-graded. The new facilities include new cold storage vaults, with a capacity of holding 10 000 films. The larger part of the vault is reserved for original elements to Swedish post-1953 films, and preservation elements to Swedish pre-1953 films.
A group of experts found the Colour Film Preservation Group in order to solve the problem of the increased number of faded films shot on colour stock in the 1950's, 60's and 70's.
The previously thought lost Havsgamar (1916) by Victor Sjöström is discovered in the Joye collection at the National Film Archive in London.
The Archival Film Collections hosts a meeting of FIAF's Cataloguing Commission.
The archive holdings now include more than 8000 titles.
Thanks to a grant from the National Bank of Sweden the project of making an inventory and catalogue short and non-fiction films from the nitrate era gets under way.
Deposit of preservation elements by contractual obligation by producers to new Swedish films is launched. The regulations are based on advice from the Colour Film Preservation Group.
28 non-fiction nitrate shorts are restored and duplicated thanks to additional, external funding from Arkivet för Ljud och Bild (The National Archive for Recorded Sound and Moving Images) and Industriförbundet (The Confederation of Swedish Enterprise).
The Swedish Film Institute hosts the FIAF Congress, the most well-attended congress ever with more than 240 delegates.
The FICA-treatment of films, a preservation method developed by Colour Film Preservation Group, is taken into use at Rotebro. All new inter-positives are preserved using the FICA method.
The Swedish Film Institute becomes the sole owner of the Film-Labor laboratory.
The first Swedish colour feature Klockorna i Gamla Sta'n (1946) – a cinemacolor two-strip process – is restored.
The Swedish Film Institute begins its co-operation to establish a national film archive in Bangkok.
In collaboration with Cinematheque française a record number of 151 Swedish films are screened in Paris; the biggest-ever manifestation of Swedish cinema heritage abroad.
Swedish pre-1918 silent films are screened at Le Giornate del cinema Muto in Pordenone. The films directed by Georg af Klercker is seen as a major re-discovery.
The lost Mauritz Stiller film Vingarne (1916) resurfaces in Norway.
The work of establishing the film archive in Bangkok continues. An inventory of existing elements (at the archive and elsewhere) to all Swedish post-1950 films begins.
The Archival Film Collections is for the first time encountered with a print affected by the vinegar syndrome.
The Film-Labor laboratory is sold and merged with the Film-Teknik laboratory.
The collections now include 12 600 titles, and existing vaults in Filmhuset and Rotebro are full. Plans for an extension of the Rotebro facilities are made. The Archival Film Collections presents its work at a one-day seminar held at the Göteborg Film Festival.
A project to create a database is launched.
More than 3 000 Swedish non-fiction and short films from the nitrate era have been catalogued.
The building of a new vault in Rotebro, with a capacity of holding more than 13 000 prints of feature-length films, is finished.
The prototype of the database is ready to take into use, and the microfiche catalogue of the holdings is scrapped.
Preservation officer Inga Adolfsson receives the annual Ingmar Bergman award.
Sista skriket ("The Last Cry") – a play by Ingmar Bergman – is premiered in Bio Victor in Filmhuset with Björn Granath playing Georg af Klercker and Ingvar Kjellson playing Charles Magnusson. The future income from the play is donated to the Archival Film Collections by Bergman.
The database proper is launched. Information on all films released in Swedish theatres is entered in the database, as well as the actual holdings of the Archival Film Collections and the Stills and Poster archive.
Tests are made in order to see if it is possible to restore the severely faded Ingen mans kvinna (1953). The results are disappointing. Two films are duplicated where digital means are used to restore the sound.
A lengthy fragment of the lost Mauritz Stiller film Balettprimadonnan (1916) resurfaces in Zaragoza, Spain.
Additional funding of SEK 12,5 million is granted by parliament to the Swedish Film Institute for the preservation of Swedish feature films shot on colour stock 1952-1979.
Hemsöborna (1955), Änglar, finns dom? (1961) and En kärlekshistoria (1970) are among the first films preserved with the new, additional funding. New inter-positives and new viewing prints are made from the film's original negatives. Some of the funding is used to acquire equipment for using digital inter-mediate means in the duplication process.
Production company Sandrew AB deposits original negatives to all films made 1953-1969 with the archive.
Lobbying with the ministry of culture for funding to collect and preserve non-professional films on small gauges is initiated.
The cataloguing of the back-log of viewing prints in the collection is completed. The duplication of all existing feature films from the nitrate era is completed.
Eight colour feature-length films are duplicated and preserved.
The digital restoration of Eldfågeln (1952) begins.
A print of the previously lost Värmlänningarne (1921) is acquired from Gosfilmofond in Moscow.
The restoration of En djungelsaga (1957) is completed and is screened to great acclaim at the Göteborg Film Festival.
A gala screening of the preserved Giliap (1975) in Filmhuset is attended by the Minister of Culture.
The new film agreement between the government and the commercial industry grants an additional SEK 5 million to the preservation of colour films.
New vaults with automated paster noster-shelves are built in Rotebro, with a capacity of housing 4 000 viewing prints.
The preservation of original negatives to the Swedish items in the Paramount news-reels (1925-33) begins.
A large number of prints of Vietnamese films are repatriated to the Vietnam Film Institute in Hanoi.
The digital restoration of Eldfågeln (1952) is completed.
A retrospective of all surviving films directed by Mauritz Stiller is screened at Cinemateket, including many new prints. The newly-restored Herr Arnes pengar (1919) is screened three times accompanied by a live score for an ensemble of six musicians composed by Matti Bye. The retrospective goes on tour and is screened at FIAF archives around Europe, North and South America.
The government assigns the task of establishing a new archive for non-professional films on small gauges to the Swedish Film Institute. Staff is hired to the new archive, which will become an integrated part of the Institute's heritage department.
Plans for a new vault for nitrate films in Grängesberg are adopted.
A bilateral exchange programme with the Vietnam Film Institute is launched.
Cinémathèque Française in Paris announces that a lengthy fragment of Dödskyssen (1916) by Victor Sjöström is preserved in Paris. The element is lent to Stockholm, where the restoration is completed in June.
The FIAF congress is for the first time ever co-hosted by two archives, the Swedish Film Institute and Suomen elokuva-arkisto in Helsinki. The symposium on the preservation of colour films is held in Stockholm, where Ingmar Bergman receives the FIAF Award. Head of department Jan-Erik Billinger is elected onto the FIAF's executive committee.
A tinted nitrate print of the lost Mauritz Stiller film Hämnaren (1915) is discovered by Stiftung Deutsches Kinemathek in their nitrate vaults in Koblenz. The nitrate is given to the Archival Film Collections who completes the restoration of the film in June.
Hämnaren (1915)and Dödskyssen (1916) are screened at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna together with other rare Stiller and Sjöström films. Sjöström's Körkarlen (1921) is screened at the Piazza Maggiore during the festival accompanied by composer Matti Bye and his ensemble.
Via the Swedish foreign ministry the Archival Film Collections receives a collection of some 240 films from the United Nations relating to Dag Hammarskjöld's time as General Secretary 1953-61. The collection is transferred to DigiBeta for research purposes at the National Library of Sweden.
A Victor Sjöström retrospective including all surviving films by the director is screened at Cinemateket in October. Many films are screened in new prints. The retrospective is later in the year screened in Helsinki.
All filmographic information on Swedish films in the Institute's database is made available on-line at www.svenskfilmdatabas.se
The collections now include elements to more than 20 000 films.
Head of department Jan-Erik Billinger presents the exchange programme on film archiving with the Vietnam Film Institute during the FIAF congress in Hanoi.
The Archival Film Collections curates a programme of rarely seen Ingmar Bergman material – including trailers, alternative versions and behind-the-scenes footage – at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna.
All identified nitrate elements in the collections are retroactively catalogued and entered into the database.
The Victor Sjöström retrospective goes on tour and is screened at FIAF archives in New York, Berkeley, Montréal, Toronto, London, Munich, Lisbon and Madrid.
To commemorate the 100th anniversary of Greta Garbo's birth new prints of her Swedish films (including shorts and fragments) are struck which later in the year are screened at Cinemateket, at Göteborg Film Festival and at FIAF archives in London, New York, Los Angeles and Lisbon.
Einar Lauritzen dies on June 8th at the age of 92. Lauritzen was the curator of the Film Historic Collections, and also served as the treasurer of FIAF for many years.
Jan-Erik Billinger is elected vice-president of FIAF at the congress in Ljubljana.
A tinted nitrate print of Victor Sjöström's Terje Vigen (1917) with German inter-titles are re-discovered in the collections, and is the source for a new restoration of the film.
The touring Victor Sjöström retrospective ends with screenings at FIAF archives in Barcelona, Valencia and São Paulo, where the screenings are co-hosted by the São Paulo International Film Festival. The festival's critics' jury gives the retrospective a special award.
At the Göteborg International Film Festival newly-restored prints of Terje Vigen (1917) and Expedition Röda Havet (1956) are screened, as is a curated programme with non-fiction shorts shot in the Göteborg area.
New prints of Terje Vigen (1917) and Erotikon (1920) are screened at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna with live music accompaniment by composer Matti Bye and his ensemble.
The new nitrate vault in Grängesberg is ready to take in use.
Cinémathèque Française in Paris informs that they have found the original camera negative to one of the first-ever Swedish features, I lifvets vår (1912), starring Victor Sjöström, Mauritz Stiller and Georg af Klercker.
Filmographic information to all films (also non-Swedish) in the database is made available on-line at www.svenskfilmdatabas.se, now holding information on more than 60 000 films and 300 000 people.
A tinted nitrate print with French inter-titles of the lost Mauritz Stiller film Madame de Thèbes (1915) is accessed by the Archival Film Collections, and the restoration of the film is completed in April. The film is screened later in the year at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna.
New prints of Norrtullsligan (1922) and Reklamfilm PUB Greta Garbo (1921) are screened in the retrospective City Girls at the Berlin Film Festival.
A collection of more than 5 500 reels of nitrate – mainly negatives to Swedish news-reels – are repatriated from the George Eastman House and archived at the vaults in Grängesberg.
A written collection policy is adopted by the Swedish Film Institute's board of directors and is posted on the Institute's website.
In collaboration with copyright holder Svensk Filmindustri a dvd box set of Swedish silent cinema classics is released in November. The edition includes restored versions of Körkarlen (1921), Häxan (1922), Herr Arnes pengar (1919), Erotikon (1920), Terje Vigen (1917) and Gösta Berlings saga (1924), as well as a bonus features including shorts, fragments and stills.
The restoration of I lifvets vår (1912) is completed, and screened at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna, along with the recently discovered and preserved Mary Pickford film The Dawn of a Tomorrow (1915). The dvd box set of Swedish silent cinema classics is given a special mention at the festival's dvd awards.
The 75th anniversary of the archive and the library collections was celebrated during a week in late October and early November with a screenings of preserved and restored films from our own collections and from other archives, introductions by film-makers, scholars and archivists and round-table discussions on the future of film preservation
The Women and the Silent Screen V conference is organized by the Department of Cinema Studies of Stockholm University at the premises of the Film institute. Among films screened during the conference are new restored prints of Flickan i frack (Karin Swanström, 1926) and the Mary Pickford film Dawn of a Tomorrow (1915).
25 silent films from the collections are screened in a tribute to Swedish silent cinema at the Österreichisches Filmmuseum in Vienna in November. Erotikon (1920), Körkarlen (1921) and Häxan (1922) are accompanied by live music composed and performed by the Matti Bye ensemble.
41 swedish silent films from the collections are screened at Cinémathèque Royale in Brussels in September. Gur recently preserved films are included in the Dave and Project preservation festival at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in November.
The restoration of the long lost Karusellen (1925) is completed thanks to an element preserved and rediscovered at Gosfilmofond In Moscow. A new print of the film is screened at Le giornate del cinema muto in Pordenone in October. The preservation of Swedish engineer Sven A:son Berglund's 1922 sound-on-film experiment is completed.
The Archival Film Collections of the Swedish Film Institute is in focus during the 4th edition of Cinemateca Brasileira's Jornada Brasileira do Cinema Silencioso in São Paulo in August. 27 films are screened, the work of the archive is presented in round-tables and lectures. The screenings are accompanied by an exhibition of digital copies of stills originating from the collections of glass plates in the SFI Stills and Poster Archive.
The dvd anthology Filmens första år ("The first years of cinema") with more than 40 shorts and excerpts from feature films – Swedish and international – from 1895 to 1929 is completed and used in school curriculums throughout Sweden.
A project to digitize 400 Swedish films only existing on video tape is initiated in December.
The Film Archive in Grängesberg – responsible for the preservation of non-theatrical films on small gauges – is moved from the Swedish Film Institute to the National Library of Sweden.
The minister of culture inaugurates www.filmarkivet.se, a collaboration between the Swedish Film Institute and the National Library of Sweden, where films from the collections are made available free of charge as streaming files. Films posted on the site are mainly films rarely given access to, such as short and documentary films, newsreels, advertising films and other forms of commissioned films. At the launch 319 films were available /65% originating from the Archival Film Collections and 35% from the collections of the National Library of Sweden). A two-day academic conference about the site and internet access is held at Filmhuset in December.
The retrospective section of the 2011 Internationale Filmfestspiele in Berlin is devoted to Ingmar Bergman, with 13 prints coming from the Archival Film Collections. Coinciding with the retrospective was an exhibition on Bergman, curated by the Deutsche Kinemathek, Museum für Film und Fernsehen. Many items in the exhibition were provided by the Swedish Film Institute's non-film collection, including costumes, stills, letters and manuscripts.
New vaults at the Institute's facilities in Rotebro are ready to take into use. The new vaults are necessary to accommodate for the increasing number of deposits of distribution prints.
The last full-scale photochemical laboratory in Sweden, Nordisk Film Post Production Stockholm, closes down in September. In December the Institute decides to acquire equipment and staff from the folding laboratory to set up up our own operation in order to secure the possibility of having necessary duplication activities carried out.
The restoration of the previously thought lost Gränsfolken (Stiller, 1913) –unearthed in a church in Poland – is completed and the film is shown at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna in July and in Stockholm on October 27, the UNESCO World Day for the Audiovisual Heritage.
The new laboratory in Rotebro is up and running, and the first print is developed in June.
The first D-cinema elements arrive at the archive when a DCDM (Digital Cinema Distribution Master) and an unencrypted DCP (Digital Cinema Package) is deposited by contractual obligation. Before the end of the year 42 digital elements to 26 new Swedish films are deposited.
The first DCP from our analogue collections (Midvinterblot, 1946) is made in December, originating from a 2K scan of a 35mm inter-positive.
The contractual deposit of analogue preservation elements comes to a complete halt, and all elements on new Swedish films arrives to the archive in the form of digital files, according to detailed specifications revised in 2012. Long-term digital preservation in the form of robotized tape libraries are put in place.
The digitization of the analogue film heritage is initiated and digital masters and digital theatrical copies (DCPs) are created on 18 films in the collections. A seminar on the importance and urgency of digitizing analogue film heritage is organized in April, with experts from the European film archive federation ACE and the commission of the European Union. In September, the government announces that an additional SEK 40 million is allocated to the Swedish Film Institute to digitize 500 films during the period 2014-18.
At this year's edition of Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna a new print of Berg-Ejvind och hans hustru / The Outlaw and His wife (1918) is screened. The Swedish Film Institute had commissioned a score from composer Matti Bye, who performs the music with his ensemble at a screening on the Piazza Maggiore in front of almost 2,000 spectators. A print of Ingeborg Holm (1913) is also screened at the festival, again with live music performed by Matti Bye.
A highly appreciated programme called Sealed Lips, with nine lesser known Swedish films from the latter half of the 1920s, was curated and presented at Le Giornate del cinema muto in Pordenone in October.
The annual archival weekend Länge leve filmen! ("Long live film!") takes place in October, in conjunction with the 50th anniversary of the Swedish Film Institute. Among the films screened are new preservations on 35mm, as well as some of the first DCP's created within the frame of the Institute's digitization project.
At the FIAF congress in Barcelona in April, curator Jon Wengström is elected on the Executive Committee, and later in the year appointed Treasurer.
The Film Institute decides to use the additional digitization funding to set up its own digitization operation. Nine people are hired to work with preparation, scanning, grading, image and sound restoration, synching and archiving, and new facilities are built in Filmhuset. A curatorial policy is adopted to ensure the work is done according to best practice, and a policy for the work of the selection committee is also adopted.
In October the Film Institute hosted the annual Nordic archive meeting , which was devoted to issues on programming, digitization and access, database structures and national filmographies. The Film Institute also hosted the annual fall meeting of the FIAF Executive Committee.
The digitally restored Joe Hill (Bo Widerberg, 1971) is premiered at Cannes Classics in May.
The centenary of Ingrid Bergman's birth is commemorated with a special section at the Il cinema ritrovato festival in Bologna, and by numerous retrospectives all over the world, for instance in Paris and Munich.
The centenary of actor-director Hasse Ekman's birth is highlighted by a retrospective at MoMA in New York in September.
In February, a programme of eight Swedsih silent classics were screened at the restoration festival Toute la mémoire du monde in Paris. The digital restoration of Balettprimadonnan (1916) was completed, as a result of newly discovered material at Filmoteca Española in Madrid. The restored version premiered in Filmhuset in October.
In June, the Swedish Film Institute co-hosted the international academic conference Domitor with Stockholm University, and new prints of unique early films form the collections were screened.
In February 2016 the scanner used for digitizing the analogue film collections of the Swedish Film Institute was acquired by the Institute and moved to the premises, as a take-over clause in the previous leasing contract with the commercial provider came into effect. The entire digital work-flow is thus now done in-house.
The Swedish Film Institute re-launched its theatrical distribution, making it possible for domestic theatres to book DCPs of digitized films.
The government bill of additional funding for film heritage was passed by the parliament in December, which means that the digitization of analogue film collections got permanent funding.
In January, the scope of the contractual deposit was expanded to cover films not only receiving production subsidies from the Swedish Film Institute, but also films receiving various forms of distribution subsidies, ensuring the long-term preservation of more domestic films and some international films.
In the summer a complete retrospective of the films by Mauritz Stiller was screened at Cinémathèque française i Paris, and a complete Bo Widerberg retrospective took place at Deutsches Filminstitut in Frankfurt.
The Arne Sucksdorff centenary was celebrated by a screening of the digitally restored Mitt hem är Copacabana (1965) at Il cinema ritrovato in Bologna in July, and a unique screening of an original print of En kluven värld (1950) at The Nitrate Picture Show in Rochester in May.
Three Swedish films were part of a programme of Scandinavian silent films at Le giorante del cinema muto in Pordenone in October, including the digitally restored Thora van Deken (1920).
A new database was launched in November, when the revised FIAF cataloguing rules and the European metadata standard EN 15907 for the cataloguing of cinematographic works were implemented.
Throughout the year, the centenary of Ingmar Bergman's birth was celebrated all over the world, with retrospectives and exhibitions. The Swedish Film Institute provided DCP's to more than 5,000 screenings, and analogue prints to more than 1,000 screenings, and in several countries, many of the director's film were re-released, thanks to the digital restorations carried out by the Swedish Film Institute. The digitally restored The Seventh Seal (1957) was screened to great acclaim at the festivals in Cannes in May and in Bologna in July.
The new analogue restoration of Gösta Berlings saga (Mauritz Stiller, 1924) was screened at the San Francisco Silent Film Festival in May, where the Swedish Film Institute and its Head of Archival Film Collections Jon Wengström received the festival's annual award for the work done on preserving and promoting Swedish silent film heritage.
The previously thought lost Judaspengar (Victor Sjöström, 1915) – unearthed by the French CNC archive in 2017 – was premiered at the Le giornate del cinema muto festival in Pordenone in October.
In November and December a wide selection of Swedish film heritage (24 feature-length and six short films) was screened at the National Film Archive of Japan in Tokyo.
The Swedish Film Institute hosted the annual Nordic Archive meeting at the island of Fårö in September.
From 2019 the activities of digitizing analogue films in the collections got permanent funding.
The digitally restored Sången om den eldröda blomman / Song of the Scarlet Flower (Mauritz Stiller, 1919) was screened at the Il cinema ritrovato festival in Bologna, accompanied by a recording of Armas Järnefelt's original score, recorded with the Gävle symphony orchestra conducted by Jaakko Kuusisto.
One of the cold storage vaults at the Rotebro facilities was rebuilt to increase reliability and to increase the storage capacity.
2020 was deeply affected by the covid-19 pandemic, which resulted that all film heritage activities were conducted at reduced capacity. Cinemateket imposed a limit on visitors in the cinema and was at times completely closed, as was the Film Institute's library. The Film Institute's presence at conferences and festivals was mainly conducted on-line.
Erotikon (Mauritz Stiller, 1920) was screened at the Il cinema ritrovato festival in Bologna. A new black-and-white 35mm print was struck at the Rotebro laboratory and was then sent to a lab in the Czech Republic for the application of authentic tints.
All previous deposits to the Film Institute or its predecessors Filmhistoriska samlingarna of films produced by Svenska Biografteatern, AB Svensk Filmindustri or studios acquired by them was retroactively turned into donations after an agreement with the films' rights holder SF Studios.
FIAF
Journal of Film Preservation 77/78 (2008) (pdf)
Phone: +46-(0)8-665 11 00
filmarkivet@filminstitutet.se