text:
Code of Civil Procedure - CCP
PART 2. OF CIVIL ACTIONS [307 - 1062.20]
( Part 2 enacted 1872. )
TITLE 5. JURISDICTION AND SERVICE OF PROCESS [410.10 - 418.11]
( Title 5 added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1610. )
CHAPTER 4. Service of Summons [413.10 - 417.40]
( Chapter 4 added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1610. )
ARTICLE 3. Manner of Service of Summons [415.10 - 415.95]
( Article 3 added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1610. )
A summons may be served by personal delivery of a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the person to be served. Service of a summons in this manner is deemed complete at the time of such delivery.
The date upon which personal delivery is made shall be entered on or affixed to the face of the copy of the summons at the time of its delivery. However, service of a summons without such date shall be valid and effective.
(Amended by Stats. 1976, Ch. 789.)
(a) In lieu of personal delivery of a copy of the summons and complaint to the person to be served as specified in Section 416.10, 416.20, 416.30, 416.40, or 416.50, a summons may be served by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint during usual office hours in his or her office or, if no physical address is known, at his or her usual mailing address, other than a United States Postal Service post office box, with the person who is apparently in charge thereof, and by thereafter mailing a copy of the summons and complaint by first-class mail, postage prepaid to the person to be served at the place where a copy of the summons and complaint were left. When service is effected by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at a mailing address, it shall be left with a person at least 18 years of age, who shall be informed of the contents thereof. Service of a summons in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after the mailing.
(b) If a copy of the summons and complaint cannot with reasonable diligence be personally delivered to the person to be served, as specified in Section 416.60, 416.70, 416.80, or 416.90, a summons may be served by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint at the person's dwelling house, usual place of abode, usual place of business, or usual mailing address other than a United States Postal Service post office box, in the presence of a competent member of the household or a person apparently in charge of his or her office, place of business, or usual mailing address other than a United States Postal Service post office box, at least 18 years of age, who shall be informed of the contents thereof, and by thereafter mailing a copy of the summons and of the complaint by first-class mail, postage prepaid to the person to be served at the place where a copy of the summons and complaint were left. Service of a summons in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after the mailing.
(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (b), if the only address reasonably known for the person to be served is a private mailbox obtained through a commercial mail receiving agency, service of process may be effected on the first delivery attempt by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint with the commercial mail receiving agency in the manner described in subdivision (d) of Section 17538.5 of the Business and Professions Code.
(a) Notwithstanding any other law, any person shall be granted access to a gated community or a covered multifamily dwelling for a reasonable period of time for the sole purpose of performing lawful service of process or service of a subpoena upon displaying a current driver's license or other identification, and one of the following:
(1) A badge or other confirmation that the individual is acting in the individual's capacity as a representative of a county sheriff or marshal, or as an investigator employed by an office of the Attorney General, a county counsel, a city attorney, a district attorney, or a public defender.
(2) Evidence of current registration as a process server pursuant to Chapter 16 (commencing with Section 22350) of Division 8 of the Business and Professions Code or of licensure as a private investigator pursuant to Chapter 11.3 (commencing with Section 7512) of Division 3 of the Business and Professions Code.
(b) This section shall only apply to a gated community or a covered multifamily dwelling that is staffed at the time service of process is attempted by a guard or other security personnel assigned to control access to the community or dwelling.
(c) For purposes of this section, "covered multifamily dwelling" means either of the following:
(1) An apartment building, including a timeshare apartment building not considered a place of public accommodation or transient lodging, with three or more dwelling units.
(2) A condominium, including a timeshare condominium not considered a place of public accommodation or transient lodging, with four or more dwelling units.
(Amended by Stats. 2019, Ch. 12, Sec. 1. (AB 622) Effective January 1, 2020.)
(a) A summons may be served by mail as provided in this section. A copy of the summons and of the complaint shall be mailed (by first-class mail or airmail, postage prepaid) to the person to be served, together with two copies of the notice and acknowledgment provided for in subdivision (b) and a return envelope, postage prepaid, addressed to the sender.
(b) The notice specified in subdivision (a) shall be in substantially the following form:
(Title of court and cause, with action number, to be inserted by the sender prior to mailing)
To:(Here state the name of the person to be served.)
This summons is served pursuant to Section 415.30 of the California Code of Civil Procedure. Failure to complete this form and return it to the sender within 20 days may subject you (or the party on whose behalf you are being served) to liability for the payment of any expenses incurred in serving a summons upon you in any other manner permitted by law. If you are served on behalf of a corporation, unincorporated association (including a partnership), or other entity, this form must be signed in the name of such entity by you or by a person authorized to receive service of process on behalf of such entity. In all other cases, this form must be signed by you personally or by a person authorized by you to acknowledge receipt of summons. Section 415.30 provides that this summons is deemed served on the date of execution of an acknowledgment of receipt of summons.
Signature of sender
ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF RECEIPT OF SUMMONS
This acknowledges receipt on (insert date) of a copy of the summons and of the complaint at (insert address).
Date:(Date this acknowledgement is executed)
Signature of person acknowledging receipt, with title if
acknowledgment is made on behalf of another person
(c) Service of a summons pursuant to this section is deemed complete on the date a written acknowledgement of receipt of summons is executed, if such acknowledgement thereafter is returned to the sender.
(d) If the person to whom a copy of the summons and of the complaint are mailed pursuant to this section fails to complete and return the acknowledgement form set forth in subdivision (b) within 20 days from the date of such mailing, the party to whom the summons was mailed shall be liable for reasonable expenses thereafter incurred in serving or attempting to serve the party by another method permitted by this chapter, and, except for good cause shown, the court in which the action is pending, upon motion, with or without notice, shall award the party such expenses whether or not he is otherwise entitled to recover his costs in the action.
(e) A notice or acknowledgment of receipt in form approved by the Judicial Council is deemed to comply with this section.
(Added by Stats. 1969, Ch. 1610.)
A summons may be served on a person outside this state in any manner provided by this article or by sending a copy of the summons and of the complaint to the person to be served by first-class mail, postage prepaid, requiring a return receipt. Service of a summons by this form of mail is deemed complete on the 10th day after such mailing.
(a) A summons in an action for unlawful detainer of real property may be served by posting if upon affidavit it appears to the satisfaction of the court in which the action is pending that the party to be served cannot with reasonable diligence be served in any manner specified in this article other than publication and that:
(1) A cause of action exists against the party upon whom service is to be made or he is a necessary or proper party to the action; or
(2) The party to be served has or claims an interest in real property in this state that is subject to the jurisdiction of the court or the relief demanded in the action consists wholly or in part in excluding such party from any interest in such property.
(b) The court shall order the summons to be posted on the premises in a manner most likely to give actual notice to the party to be served and direct that a copy of the summons and of the complaint be forthwith mailed by certified mail to such party at his last known address.
(c) Service of summons in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after posting and mailing.
(d) Notwithstanding an order for posting of the summons, a summons may be served in any other manner authorized by this article, except publication, in which event such service shall supersede any posted summons.
(a) In addition to the service of a summons and complaint in an action for unlawful detainer upon a tenant and subtenant, if any, as prescribed by this article, a prejudgment claim of right to possession may also be served on any person who appears to be or who may claim to have occupied the premises at the time of the filing of the action. Service upon occupants shall be made pursuant to subdivision (c) by serving a copy of a prejudgment claim of right to possession, as specified in subdivision (f), attached to a copy of the summons and complaint at the same time service is made upon the tenant and subtenant, if any.
(b) Service of the prejudgment claim of right to possession in this manner shall be effected by a marshal, sheriff, or registered process server.
(c) (1) When serving the summons and complaint upon a tenant and subtenant, if any, the marshal, sheriff, or registered process server shall make a reasonably diligent effort to ascertain whether there are other adult occupants of the premises who are not named in the summons and complaint by inquiring of the person or persons who are being personally served, or any person of suitable age and discretion who appears to reside upon the premises, whether there are other occupants of the premises.
(2) If the identity of such an occupant is disclosed to the officer or process server and the occupant is present at the premises, the officer or process server shall serve that occupant with a copy of the prejudgment claim of right to possession attached to a copy of the summons and complaint. If personal service cannot be made upon that occupant at that time, service may be effected by leaving a copy of a prejudgment claim of right to possession attached to a copy of the summons and complaint addressed to that occupant with a person of suitable age and discretion at the premises, affixing the same so that it is not readily removable in a conspicuous place on the premises in a manner most likely to give actual notice to that occupant, and sending the same addressed to that occupant by first-class mail.
(3) In addition to the service on an identified occupant, or if no occupant is disclosed to the officer or process server, or if substituted service is made upon the tenant and subtenant, if any, the officer or process server shall serve a prejudgment claim of right to possession for all other persons who may claim to occupy the premises at the time of the filing of the action by leaving a copy of a prejudgment claim of right to possession attached to a copy of the summons and complaint at the premises at the same time service is made upon the tenant and subtenant, if any, affixing the same so that it is not readily removable in a conspicuous place on the premises so that it is likely to give actual notice to an occupant, and sending the same addressed to "all occupants in care of the named tenant" to the premises by first-class mail.
(4) The person serving process shall state the date of service on the prejudgment claim of right to possession form. However, the absence of the date of service on the prejudgment claim of right to possession does not invalidate the claim.
(d) Proof of service under this section shall be filed with the court and shall include a statement that service was made pursuant to this section. Service on occupants in accordance with this section shall not alter or affect service upon the tenant or subtenant, if any.
(e) (1) If an owner or his or her agent has directed and obtained service of a prejudgment claim of right to possession in accordance with this section, no occupant of the premises, whether or not that occupant is named in the judgment for possession, may object to the enforcement of that judgment as prescribed in Section 1174.3.
(2) In any action for unlawful detainer resulting from a foreclosure sale of a rental housing unit pursuant to Section 1161a, paragraph (1) shall not limit the right of any tenant or subtenant of the property to file a prejudgment claim of right of possession pursuant to subdivision (a) of Section 1174.25 at any time before judgment, or to object to enforcement of a judgment for possession as prescribed in Section 1174.3, regardless of whether the tenant or subtenant was served with a prejudgment claim of right to possession.
(f) The prejudgment claim of right to possession shall be made on the following form:
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *
NOTICE OF INCOMPLETE TEXT: The Prejudgment Claim of
Right to Possession form appears in the published chaptered
bill. See Sec. 7, Chapter 913 (pp. 73–76), Statutes of 2014.
(Amended by Stats. 2014, Ch. 913, Sec. 7. (AB 2747) Effective January 1, 2015. Note: See published chaptered bill for complete section text. The Prejudgment Claim of Right to Possession form appears on pages 73 to 76 of Ch. 913.)
(a) Where the lessee has given the lessor written notice of the lessee's intent not to abandon leased real property as provided in Section 1951.3 of the Civil Code, the summons in an action for unlawful detainer of the real property may be served on the lessee by certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the lessee at the address stated in the lessee's notice of intent not to abandon if such summons is deposited in the mail within 60 days from the date the lessee's notice of intent not to abandon is received by the lessor. Service in this manner is deemed completed on the 10th day after such mailing.
(b) Where the lessee has given the lessor written notice of the lessee's intent not to abandon leased real property as provided in Section 1951.3 of the Civil Code, but failed to include in such notice an address at which the lessee may be served by certified mail in any action for unlawful detainer of the real property, the summons in an action for unlawful detainer of the real property may be served on the lessee by certified mail, postage prepaid, addressed to the lessee at (1) the same address or addresses to which the lessor's notice of belief of abandonment was addressed if that notice was given by mail or (2) the address of the real property if the lessor's notice of belief of abandonment was personally served on the lessee. Service may not be made pursuant to this subdivision unless the summons is deposited in the mail within 60 days from the date the lessee's notice of intent not to abandon is received by the lessor. Service in the manner authorized by this subdivision is deemed completed on the 10th day after such mailing.
(c) This section provides an alternative method of service on the lessee and does not preclude service in any other manner authorized by this chapter.
(Added by Stats. 1974, Ch. 332.)
(a) A summons may be served by publication if upon affidavit it appears to the satisfaction of the court in which the action is pending that the party to be served cannot with reasonable diligence be served in another manner specified in this article and that either:
(1) A cause of action exists against the party upon whom service is to be made or he or she is a necessary or proper party to the action.
(2) The party to be served has or claims an interest in real or personal property in this state that is subject to the jurisdiction of the court or the relief demanded in the action consists wholly or in part in excluding the party from any interest in the property.
(b) The court shall order the summons to be published in a named newspaper, published in this state, that is most likely to give actual notice to the party to be served. If the party to be served resides or is located out of this state, the court may also order the summons to be published in a named newspaper outside this state that is most likely to give actual notice to that party. The order shall direct that a copy of the summons, the complaint, and the order for publication be forthwith mailed to the party if his or her address is ascertained before expiration of the time prescribed for publication of the summons. Except as otherwise provided by statute, the publication shall be made as provided by Section 6064 of the Government Code unless the court, in its discretion, orders publication for a longer period.
(c) Service of a summons in this manner is deemed complete as provided in Section 6064 of the Government Code.
(d) Notwithstanding an order for publication of the summons, a summons may be served in another manner authorized by this chapter, in which event the service shall supersede any published summons.
(e) As a condition of establishing that the party to be served cannot with reasonable diligence be served in another manner specified in this article, the court may not require that a search be conducted of public databases where access by a registered process server to residential addresses is prohibited by law or by published policy of the agency providing the database, including, but not limited to, voter registration rolls and records of the Department of Motor Vehicles.
(a) A summons may be served on a business organization, form unknown, by leaving a copy of the summons and complaint during usual office hours with the person who is apparently in charge of the office of that business organization, and by thereafter mailing a copy of the summons and complaint by first-class mail, postage prepaid, to the person to be served at the place where a copy of the summons and complaint was left. Service of a summons in this manner is deemed complete on the 10th day after the mailing.
(b) Service of a summons pursuant to this section is not valid for a corporation with a registered agent for service of process listed with the Secretary of State.
(Added by Stats. 2003, Ch. 128, Sec. 2. Effective January 1, 2004.)
CCPCode of Civil Procedure - CCP3.


The concept of legalization has now been fully normalized. What I mean by that is that it is no longer considered some laughable proposition that deserves nothing more than ridicule and stoner jokes from the media. You don't hear a lot of Cheech and Chong jokes being made this election cycle, to put it another way (or Harold and Kumar jokes, for a younger generation). In fact, the media stories now mainly focus on the vast amounts of money to be made by legalization -- and not just for the people involved in the trade. Millions and millions of tax dollars are also at stake, which is something national journalists seem to take a lot more seriously.
I live in California, so my personal experience should be taken as only anecdotal. California actually became the first state (in recent times) to legalize medicinal marijuana, over 20 years ago. But then it also attempted to become the first state to legalize recreational marijuana, back in 2010, with Proposition 19. It failed. There were many reasons why it failed, chief among them was being placed on an "off-year" ballot (no presidential contest), which liberals are notorious for ignoring (2010 was also the "Year of the Tea Party," please remember). The California marijuana industry was split over Prop 19, with growers up in Humboldt, Trinity, and Mendocino counties (the fabled "Emerald Triangle" of Northern California) coming out against the idea. But one big reason why it failed is that the people against the proposition had better advertising. In fact, the loss in California became a case study for legalization advocates in other states for "what not to do." The anti-Prop 19 faction was headed by none other than Senator Dianne Feinstein. It was pretty well-funded, and the ads were pretty well-designed (mostly playing to suburban women's fears). The pro-Prop 19 side's ads weren't as prevalent, and were nowhere near as effective.
This time around, I haven't seen a single television ad either for or against Proposition 64. Now, again, this is purely anecdotal, and while I watch a fair amount of prime-time television (more than I am usually comfortable admitting), perhaps all the ads are running on channels or shows that I don't watch. It's certainly possible. But with less than a week to go, both sides seem rather quiet (there are some ads running on radio and the internet, I should mention, to be fair). Being biased in this matter, I am hoping that this means the pro side is confident of victory, while the anti side just couldn't raise any money for an effort doomed to fail. That's purely subjective, however, and might be utter fantasy. We'll certainly find out next week. And I have no way of knowing what the ads being run are like (and how many of them there are) in Nevada, Arizona, Maine, and Massachusetts -- the other four states who will be voting on the issue this year. Maybe their airwaves are being flooded with pro and con ads -- it's impossible for me to tell, living where I do.
The California legalization advocates certainly learned their lesson from the Prop 19 loss. First, they got unified -- they brought all the disparate groups together before they drafted their measure, to make sure that everyone's concerns were adequately dealt with, this time around. They also learned from the ads run against Prop 19, and addressed many of the concerns raised in those ads within the text of the measure itself. But the main reason Prop 64 might be successful where Prop 19 failed is the changing attitudes of the public at large.
Since 2010, four states have legalized recreational marijuana. Colorado and Washington state were first, followed by Oregon and Alaska (and Washington D.C.). Legalization is not some abstract concept anymore -- it already exists. And the skies have not fallen. All the fearmongering on the issue has been proven either laughably incorrect or (at the very least) misguided. Problems have indeed popped up, but (and this is crucial) because marijuana is now legal, state legislatures can tweak the law to actually address and correct those problems without rejecting legalization itself. Such legislative tweaks have, indeed, happened -- most of them with the full support of the marijuana industry (another crucial difference).
The states which have legalized recreational use have also seen a bonanza in windfall tax revenues. Tens of millions of dollars flowing into the state coffers is a powerful motivational force, to put this another way. Now, to be fair, these revenues in the early states might actually decrease over time, to some extent. Two factors are coming into play which might cause this reduction in tax revenues. The first is that prices will decrease over time. Legal marketplaces mean not paying a premium due to the illegal nature of the black market. Consumers are no longer paying for the "risk factor," to put this another way. As more people enter this marketplace, price wars are almost inevitable -- meaning lower prices for the consumer.
The second reason tax revenues might go down is really an extension of the first, beyond the state's borders. Colorado and Washington saw a boom in "marijuana tourism" when they became the first states where any adult could walk into a store, buy the marijuana product of his or her choice, and walk out with no fear of being arrested for doing so. This was a novelty, to be sure (at least, for those people who have never been to Amsterdam), and I even noted a few years ago that America has already seen its first "Bowl of Weed" Super Bowl, when the Seattle Seahawks played the Denver Broncos for the title. No matter which team won, I predicted, the celebrations would be a bit different than ever experienced before.
But that novelty has already been somewhat diluted, and it may be diluted in a much larger way if all five of this year's ballot initiatives pass. Right now, a marijuana tourist has four states to choose from, geographically clumped rather close together. They're all either Mountain West or West Coast states, after all. If the measures in California, Nevada, and Arizona pass, then a large portion of the entire West will have legalized weed (including every state which touches the Pacific Ocean except Hawai'i). Tourists will have a lot more destinations to choose from. Want to get stoned and gamble? Go to Las Vegas, and visit the smoke shop. Want to surf while high? California's beaches await. You'll even be able to see the Grand Canyon after smoking a joint -- what could be more American than that?
With this expansion will come ramped-up competition, though. With more destinations to choose from, the effect of marijuana tourism will be diluted further in Colorado and Washington. States will be in direct competition with each other's marketplaces. This has already happened to some extent on the Oregon/Washington border, with some residents choosing to drive to the neighboring state for cheaper prices for the same quality product. Throw California's enormous potential market into that mix and we could see price wars developing all over the West Coast. For the moment, however, each marketplace will remain somewhat isolated, as none of the measures currently allow for interstate commerce (i.e., growers being able to choose which state to sell their product in). That dynamic won't change until federal laws relax. More on this in a moment.
The really big news next Tuesday, however, might be the legalization of recreational marijuana in two East Coast states. Washington D.C. has already done so, but because Congress gets to veto District laws they don't like, implementation has been rather schizophrenic, to say the least. But if two New England states decide to fully legalize, then real marijuana tourism becomes possible for tens of millions of East Coast residents -- without even having to cross a time zone. That will be a dramatic shift, and it will mean politicians won't be able to dismiss legalization as some wacky "Left Coast" anomaly. When "Come see the fall foliage -- including the buds!" advertising beings, to entice people to Massachusetts and Maine, the dynamic will shift in a major way -- hitting much closer to home for the rest of the Eastern Seaboard. When other states (Vermont, I am looking in your direction...) see the tax benefits Maine and Massachusetts are reaping, they may decide it's time to jump on board the legalization bandwagon.
If California votes to legalize -- even if the other four states don't, for some reason -- then it may signal the end of the federal War On Weed. The horse will have left the barn, so squabbling over what lock to install on the barn door is going to appear pretty silly, to stretch a Western metaphor a bit. If all five states pass legalization, then fully one-fourth of all Americans will live in states with legal weed. Half of the United States have already legalized medical marijuana. Throughout all of this, federal law has not changed one iota. President Obama's two attorneys general have reprioritized the Justice Department's guidelines on the marijuana trade, but this liberalization could be abruptly changed by the next person to run the Justice Department. The laws themselves have to change, in order to reflect the new reality.
It is beyond incomprehensible for the federal government to continue their Prohibition-inspired War On Weed legal framework when one in four Americans lives where those laws are being blatantly ignored on a daily basis. Indeed, this is the biggest issue where liberals agree with the "states' rights" argument, because they are arguing that the individual states should decide their policies, and the federal government should just throw in the towel and admit defeat. Usually it is conservatives making this particular argument (on a number of separate issues), just to state the obvious. The next president is going to be forced to deal with the War On Weed, even if the national media has completely fallen down on the job of pressing the two major candidates on how they would do so if elected president. Even in Congress, most Democrats are pretty timid on the issue, because the memory of how hard they were slammed during the 1980s and 1990s on the "law and order" issue still resonates. This is going to have to go through a rather abrupt sea-change, in the same way that gay marriage attitudes were forced to "evolve" among Democrats, over the past eight years.
Legalizing marijuana use for all adults and controlling it in much the same way alcohol sales are currently controlled is no longer some wild-eyed radical concept. It's no longer just some stoner hippies who advocate this sane and reasonable policy change. The issue has become mainstream. Six out of every ten Americans already support it. It is almost becoming uncontroversial, if the lack of energy the anti side is showing in California is any indicator. The fearmongering no longer holds much water, since we now have living proof that the sky has not actually fallen in Colorado and the other three states with legal marijuana markets. Countering apocalyptic predictions is now fairly easy for the pro side to do: "Well, that hasn't actually happened in Alaska, Colorado, Oregon, or Washington." Even the law-and-order types are getting to the point where they're throwing up their hands and saying: "If the stoners want to pay taxes and we can free up police resources to fight serious crime, then why not?"
Why should the government waste so much time and money fighting weed growers, when there is an obvious opioid and heroin crisis raging? If the voters want legal weed, then what is the big deal? So far the federal government has played the part of King Canute, ordering the tide to stop advancing. They're going to be just about as successful as he was, in the end. Of course, changing many of the federal laws requires action by Congress -- which is rare, these days. Doing nothing and continuing to ignore the public's growing acceptance of legal weed may continue for years to come.
Even if Arizona, California, Maine, Massachusetts, and Nevada all fully legalize marijuana next Tuesday, we may not reach a tipping point in terms of national politics. There are still plenty of Democrats fighting the tide (including Senator Feinstein, who is once again leading the anti-legalization effort in California). But in seeing this year's national news media coverage of the issue, one thing becomes crystal clear. Attitudes are changing, fast. Legalization is no longer the radical idea it was, as recently as 2010 (in California, no less -- a liberal bastion if ever there was one). It has been mainstreamed. Public opinion is going to continue to change in a big way if more and more states join this movement. In fact, we are already at the point where the concept of legalization has become downright normal. Once the normalization of legalization further sinks in with the public, the arc of history will have already bent. Now all we need are for the politicians in D.C. to realize it. The people are leading, and we're still waiting for most of our political "leaders" to follow.


FishingStrike Mod Apk v1.22.2 latest updated version free download Sports Games for mobile android platform. FishingStrike was developed by "Netmarble" Studio. FishingStrike modded apk you can download and play with modapkgames. You can revisit our site to download many more popular android games like FishingStrike directly.
#1. Netmarble has ambitiously created a Subsequent Technology Fishing Sport!
Reasonable Graphics! Thrilling Motion! Emotions of true suspense! Get pleasure from one of the best fishing recreation there's, ready only for you by Netmarble!
#2. Angler Abilities and a sense of rigidity!
Collect Anglers to fish and develop with! Get the tense feeling of fishing along with your Anglers and their thrilling abilities!
#3. There's no extra must spend hours ready! Go catch all of the fish you need!
Try the underwater world whereas selecting the fish you need to catch!
#4. World-renowned Fishing Spots rendered in Reasonable Graphics! Completely modeled Fish!
Catch over 500 kinds of Fish that actually look real-to-life in perfectly-rendered, world-renowned Fishing Holes!
#5. Admire your Aquarium much more with VR and AR!
Go make your individual Aquarium, and produce it to life with VR Mode! Then get a 360-degree view of fish shifting realistically with AR Mode!
Subsequent Technology Fishing Sport! Get pleasure from it now! . . .


Uc application essay examples statement writing admissions sample essays co. Online help environment for nursing case study university student tips page job topics my best buy college admission images. Requirements tool roadmap entrance informal formal common prompts benchmark associates llc titles cover letter example of on in diversity personal samples berkeley how to get topic a persuasive prompt co mba an citation harvard reference website cincinnati s communiversity offers film classes youth competition against racism ap excellent ideas creating.
Uc college application homework help and online tutoring university essays examples co essay for of cincinnati zelda young. Example prompt research paper help. Transfer student that worked best colleges us news sample thesis statements. Florida admission uf custom nursing case study graduate from great good admissions howard s architects usc apply marshall mba harvard ideas top word format layout academic prompts admitsee honesty deepavali gxart take the challenge hell. Writer rutgers guide. Entrance informal formal co. .
Tips on how to write college admission essay com my favorite sport writing task one blended learning uc application example examples prompt. Sample essays about yourself myself pmr websites best images common prompts admitsee. Mba personal statement an university of cincinnati exampleessays cincinnati. Apa papers english also health co florida uf help custom job topics titles cover letter rejection some colleges do it better than others wsj guide co. Berkeley get in admissions entry questions columbia usc apply marshall assessment graduate from great ucla atsl ip the california a review book shop til you thesis statements admitsee.


Since 2004, "agricultural schools"1 have provided the opportunity to teach at-risk and orphaned children the agricultural techniques needed to improve their daily life in rural areas. Already established in eleven African countries,2 these schools are playing an increasingly important role in Sub-Saharan Africa. The region counts 40 million orphans, 11.4 million of whom lost their parents to AIDS.
Consequently, training covers crop cycles, local production techniques, pests and plant diseases as well as the prevention of diseases such as HIV/AIDS and psycho-social support.
1 These schools were established by the FAO in partnership with national governments, NGOs, local institutions and the World Food Programme.


Please note that you can fill out your paperwork ahead of your appointment and bring it with you. If you do not fill out the required paperwork ahead of time, please arrive 10-15 minutes early. This allows your scheduled appointment to start on time.
Payment is due at the time of service unless otherwise noted by Cobi Konadu. Forms of payment accepted include: cash, credit card, Venmo and checks.
*There is a 3% convenience fee for all credit, debit and HSA card transactions. For personal checks there will be a $40 fee charged for each and any check that bounces.
*If a client fails to give 24-hour notice they will be responsible for 70% of the full service fee for service(s) booked. Reminders for appointments are given 48-hours in advance via calls, text or email. Client may make any changes to their scheduled appointment before or at that time of their reminder.
Late arrivals will not receive an extension of scheduled appointment(s) and original fee will be charged for services booked. Depending on how late the client arrives, will determine if there is enough time remaining to start a treatment. In special cases and when the schedule allows, Cobi Konadu may be able to accommodate a partial or full appointment - this is solely based on the discretion of Cobi Konadu with the proper, advanced notification of client's late arrival.
Clients who do not show for their appointment without prior cancellation are still responsible for the full payment of the services they booked. Clients who fail to show for appointments will be asked to pre-pay for future services.
Konadu Health & Wellness is not contracted with any insurance company.
Most insurance companies cover services provided by Cobi Konadu Wellness and work with them as an out-of-network provider. A superbill can be provided upon request to clients who wish to submit to their insurance company for reimbursement.
If you do have insurance and will be relying on reimbursement for care provided by Konadu Health & Wellness, it is generally helpful to call your insurance company and to confirm that you have out-of-network benefits.
Prior to each session, the treatment plan will be discussed with the client. At your first visit, client will receive a copy of the policies and will be asked to sign the consent stating that they have read the information, understand it, and agree to comply with the professional therapeutic policies and procedures. Clients who have not received treatment for at least a year may be asked to review and sign this form again.
It is the responsibility of the client to keep Cobi Konadu informed of any medical treatment currently being taken, and to provide written permission from physician, chiropractor, physical therapist, etc., that therapy and/or therapies can be continued. The client must keep Cobi Konadu informed of any changes in health condition(s).
Person(s) 18 years or younger require parental and/or guardian permission to receive service(s). Parent and/or guardian will be asked to sit in on the treatment unless otherwise noted and agreed upon.
Client's therapeutic records are kept in the strictest confidence by Konadu Health & Wellness. All client records are kept secure, with access granted only for legitimate business or professional purposes with client's notification. Your records will not be released to third parties, including health care providers and insurance companies without your written consent. Records may be surrendered if required by law.
Therapeutic services provided by Konadu Health & Wellness are professional and non-sexual. Inappropriate behavior will not be tolerated, this includes: suggestive comments, sexual innuendos, touching of the therapist in an inappropriate way and inappropriate exposure on behalf of the client. The before mentioned will result in immediate termination of services, and the client will not be allowed to return for further services. In the event that this happens, full payment is still required and will be collected for service(s) booked.


18th July, 2012 � Panasonic has today launched its latest telephoto zoom interchangeable lens for Digital Single Lens Mirrorless LUMIX G cameras, designed specifically for compatibility with the Micro Four Thirds System standard. The compact, lightweight LUMIX G VARIO 45-150mm (35mm equivalent focal length: 90-300mm) is an affordable lens with a metal body, optimized for HD video recording and is perfect for capturing crisp, blur-free images when shooting sporting events and other distant subjects.
The lens incorporates Panasonic's MEGA O.I.S. optical image stabiliser, which makes it easy to shoot extremely clear photos even in low-lit situations by suppressing the blur caused by handshake.
Panasonic's Nano Surface Coating technology has also been adopted in the lens, minimising reflection across the entire visual light range. This enables the lens to achieve clear pictures and a dramatic reduction in ghosting and lens flare.
The LUMIX G VARIO 45-150mm is the latest addition to Panasonic's LUMIX G microsystem, which includes the world's largest range of Micro Four Thirds lenses and accessories, making sure you have the right set-up to capture every moment. The lens range includes the new premium lens brand, 'X' for LUMIX G � ultra-compact electronic power zoom lenses which utilise the best in advanced optical performance.


Spouse: Michael...he's amazing in so many ways, including having a critical eye like Tim Gunn, but even better taste!
Children: Tobias, age 4, and Anja, almost 2...I had no idea how much I would enjoy motherhood...being their mommy is the GREATEST!
Design Aesthetic: Classic, clean, simple, sometimes a little mod, always a little vintage.
Number of Sewing Classes Taken: One...in grade 10. I made a pair of black, corduroy MC Hammer pants. That should give you a good idea of how long ago I was in junior high. Everything else I've learned about sewing is from my mom, books, online tutorials, and turning clothing inside out.
Favourite Children's Clothing Brands: Bonpoint, Olive Juice, Il Gufo, Hucklebones, & Fore!! Axel & Hudson...I browse, I drool, I pin.
Favourite Adult Fashion House: I'm inspired by many, but I love Christian Dior the most.
Where I Sew: In the corner of our family room (known by our children as the 'Toy Room') on an huge antique desk passed down by my father-in-law. It has all kinds of neat drawers and cubbyholes for my notions (and even a few secret compartments)!
Music Playing When I Sew: Always the UK 1940s Radio Station...strange, I know, but I'm a big World War II history buff, and I'm totally inspired by the 40s (& 50s, too). I love jazz & swing, and find it fascinating to listen to the original radio programs from that era. Also helps me remember how fortunate we are to live in freedom...something I know I often take for granted.
What I Sew With: Two Kenmore machines (sewing & serger) that were gifts from Michael. They aren't fancy, but I love them. He also bought me my children's dress form which really helped bring out the designer in me.
Years Blogging: It'll be one year in November...I'm a baby in Blogland.
Your creations are always beautiful, Heidi, and I look forward to seeing what you create for PR&P! Good luck!
excited to see what you sew for season 5.
Yes Heidi, you are so talented!
Aww...thanks, Justine. You are one of my bloggy inspirations, so that means so much coming from you!
Loves this intro...especially the links to your inspiration, I hadn't heard of any of those brands before! Had a question about the children's form: what size did you decide on when you got it? I'm thinking about getting one, but don't know what size to get.
Thanks! Yeah, I love discovering new brands for inspiration...glad you liked! My dress form is adjustable, which I love. I can't remember the brand right now, but I can let you know when I return home from holidays.
Yeah Heidi! This is such a great little bio!
great bio - it is fun getting to know more about each person!!!
Ah! I had MC Hammer pants too. Really strange now that I think about it (smile). Looking forward to your creations!


OCEARCH and its collaborative team of multi-disciplined scientists, which includes researchers from WCS's New York Aquarium, have tagged and released a pair of white sharks off Long Island.
Montauk, a 50-pound, 4-foot female white shark, and Hudson, a 67-pound, 5-foot male white shark, are the first two white sharks tagged by the shark-tagging partnership in New York waters. The tags on these young-of-the-year sharks will allow scientists to track their movements up and down the coast for the next several years.
The team also acoustically tagged two dusky sharks and one dogfish; and will be working off Montauk for another six days.
"The presence of these apex predators is a good sign of the ecological health of our local ocean," said Dr. Merry Camhi, Director of WCS's New York Seascape Program.


text:
EIN Tax Id
Biogen Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts
Companies with 'B'
Biogen Inc.
Biogen Inc. is a corporation in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The employer identification number (EIN) for Biogen Inc. is 330112644. EIN for organizations is sometimes also referred to as taxpayer identification number or TIN or simply IRS Number.
It is one of the corporates which submit 10-K filings with the SEC. Biogen Inc. 10-K filing includes an Exhibit 21 subsidiary information. Biogen Inc. is incorporated in Delaware and the fiscal year end is in 31 December. The Central Index Key (CIK) for Biogen Inc. is 875045.
IRS EIN (Taxpayer Id)
Doing Business As
Biogen Inc
Biological Products, (no Disgnostic Substances)
Business Address and Contact Details:
225 Binney Street
Business City
Business State
Business ZIP
Mailing City
Mailing State
Mailing ZIP
Incorporation Details:
The CIK for Biogen Inc. is 875045. Central Index Key (CIK) is used to identify corporations who have filed disclosures and other filings with the SEC.
Central Index Key (CIK)
End of fiscal year
Incorporation State
Incorporation Sub division
Incorporation Country
Filing Year
Search EIN
Similar Organizations
Nano Terra, Inc.
EIN Number: 00-0954467
Address: 790 Memorial Drive, Suite 202, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02139
Doing Business As: Nano Terra Inc
Davinci Capital Management, Inc.
Address: 801 Cambridge St., Suite 206, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02141
Doing Business As: Davinci Capital Management Inc
Genzyme Therapeutic Products Limited Partnership
Address: 500 Kendall Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02142
Doing Business As: Genzyme Therapeutic Products Limited Partnership
Macdonald Sandra E
Address: C/o Mac-gray Corp, 22 Water St, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02141
Doing Business As: Macdonald Sandra E
Cambridge Trust Co
Address: 1336 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138
Doing Business As: Cambridge Trust Co
What is a EIN Number?
The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN), is a unique nine-digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (format: XX-XXXXXXXXX) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification and employment tax reporting.
Employer Identification Number (EIN): The Employer Identification Number (EIN), also known as the Federal Employer Identification Number (FEIN) or the Federal Tax Identification Number (FTIN), is a unique nine-digit number assigned by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) (format: XX-XXXXXXXXX) to business entities operating in the United States for the purposes of identification and employment tax reporting. Other commonly used terms for EIN are Taxpayer Id, IRS Number, Tax Id, Taxpayer Identification Number (TIN) etc.
A business needs an EIN in order to pay employees and to file business tax returns. To be considered a Partnership, LLC, Corporation, S Corporation, Non-profit, etc. a business must obtain an EIN. Also, financial institutions such as banks, credit unions, and brokerage houses will not open an account for a corporation without an EIN. Since all corporations - including ones with no income - must file at least a federal income tax return, a corporation operating or incorporated in the United States generally must obtain an EIN anyway either before or after being issued its charter.
What is eintaxid.com?: Our website eintaxid.com is a free resource to find the ein number for various business entities. We have a database of over 4.5M entities which can be searched to find the ein number of business entities. We harvest our data from various publically available data sources such as edgar database (SEC), form 5500 dataset (IRS), form 990 datasets (tax-exempt organizations) etc.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


With The Only Five Day Car Wash Guarantee In Mustang, Oklahoma.
Relax and let us clean your car at the Okie Express Auto Wash. We are conveniently located on East State Highway 152, east of Wal-Mart Supercenter, in Mustang. Our automated car wash is one of the fastest systems available offering you an in and out time of 3 minutes. With several wash packages to choose from, Okie Express Auto Wash is your destination for clean car service, every time.
If you have any questions please contact us at (405) 745-1058 or use the email form on the Contact page.
OKIE Express Car Wash Mustang, OK.


The blessing of the graves in Glendalough will take place on Friday 9th May at 8pm and in Brockagh on Friday 16th May at 8pm. There will be mass on both occasions in St. Kevins Church before the blessings at 7pm.
The Roundwood Tidy Towns group are organising a Spring Clean Evening at 7:30pm on Thursday 24th of April at 7:30pm meeting at the Old School.
Track and Field: Calling all children between the ages of five and seventeen who are interested in representing the Roundwood, Moneystown, Laragh area in the Co, finals of track and field are asked to please come to Aras an Tochair on Wednesday May 7th at 5.45 for our local run-offs. There are many different events for all ages from running to jumping to ball throw and javelin. You do not need to be a member of an athletic club to take part. If you are interested please contact Ann Marah or Elizabeth Belton. Swimming: We also hope to enter in the Co finals of the swimming competition. Again we will have swim-offs for anybody interested in taking part. Please contact any member of the Community Games Committee for more information.
The results of the whist is as follows:. Top Score :Monica Brady, Top Lady: Mary Pierce, Top Gent: Ann Gaffney, Second Lady : Mary Cullen, Second Gent: Lucy Molloy, First Half: Mollie Maureen Gaffney, Second Half: Ann Pierce, Lowest Score: Maura McHugh, Longest Sitting: Ann Wolohan. Raffle Prizes, Ann Wolohan, Ann Gaffney, Pat Fisher & Maura McHugh. The next whist will be on Wednesday 30thth April 2014.


text:
New head at Barclays Wealth in Birmingham
Barclays Wealth has appointed a new regional centre head for its Birmingham office.
Ben Gulliford takes up the role following the departure of Graham Nicoll, who announced his resignation in June after being promoted to a global role by Barclays Wealth.
Mr Gulliford has been promoted after more than three years working as a private banker in Barclays Wealth's Birmingham office.
He will be responsible for growing the firm across the Midlands, ensuring a first-class service for both current and new clients.
Mr Gulliford will take charge of the Birmingham office which includes private bankers, investment managers and support staff who are responding to an increased demand for an integrated, bespoke, wealth management service.
He said: "Since joining Barclays Wealth, the office has experienced a period of huge success, continuing to grow both in terms of client acquisition and new hires.
"I look forward to continuing this and ensuring that Barclays Wealth maintains and enhances its position as the Wealth Manager of choice in the Midlands."
Mr Gulliford lives in Worcester and is married with three children.
Commercial PropertyTower block to 'visually state' the intentions for new development area in central CardiffThe development company believe the new 25-storey tower south of Cardiff Central Station would be the first step of the ongoing redevelopment of the Dumballs Road area
WalesWelsh spa business booming on back of 'hot tub parties' and health benefitsFamily business Concept Spa has just opened the biggest hot tub showroom in North Wales
Labour PartyTwo Swansea City Deal projects get £18m boostThe Swansea City Waterfront Digital District , which includes the 3,500-capacity indoor arena, and Carmarthen's creative and digital cluster Yr Egin will share the money
North EastCentre Square developers invite interested businesses to check out facilitiesThe development in Middlesbrough will boast Grade A office facilities as well as a restaurant and coffee shops


text:
Alexander Francis St Vincent Baring (ur. 7 kwietnia 1898, zm. 12 czerwca 1991) – brytyjski arystokrata, polityk i przedsiębiorca, jedyny syn Francisa Baringa, 5. barona Ashburton, i Mabel Hood, córki 4. wicehrabiego Hood.

Życiorys
Wykształcenie odebrał w Eton College i w Royal Military College w Sandhurst. W 1917 r. został porucznikiem Royal Scots Greys. W 1939 r. został porucznikiem rezerwy lotnictwa. Później uzyskał rangę kapitana rezerwy.

Po śmierci ojca w 1938 r. odziedziczył tytuł barona Ashburton i zasiadł w Izbie Lordów. W 1945 i 1955 r. zasiadał w Radzie Hrabstwa Hampshire. W 1951 r. został Sędzią Pokoju i zastępcą Lorda Namiestnika tegoż hrabstwa. W latach 1951-1960 był Wicelordem Namiestnikiem Hampshire, a w latach 1960-1973 Lordem Namiestnikiem. W tym samym czasie był Custos Rotulorum Hampshire.

W latach 1932-1968 był dyrektorem Alliance Assurance. W latach 1944-1966 był dyrektorem Pressed Steel. Był dyrektorem zarządzającym Baring Brothers w latach 1958-1962 i ponownie w latach 1962-1968.

W 1960 r. został rycerzem Zakonu św. Jana Jerozolimskiego. W 1961 r. został odznaczony Krzyżem Komandorskim Królewskiego Orderu Wiktoriańskiego. W 1969 r. został kawalerem Orderu Podwiązki.

17 listopada 1924 r. poślubił Doris Mary Thérèse Harcourt (30 marca 1900 - 1981), córkę Lewisa Harcourta, 1. wicehrabiego Harcourt, i Mary Burns, córki Waltera Burnsa. Alexander i Doris mieli razem dwóch synów:
 John Francis Harcourt Baring (ur. 2 listopada 1928) 7. baron Ashburton
 Robin Alexander Baring (ur. 15 stycznia 1931), ożenił się z Ann Gage, miał dzieci

Przypisy

Arystokracja brytyjska
Odznaczeni Orderem Podwiązki
Odznaczeni Królewskim Orderem Wiktoriańskim
Urodzeni w 1898
Zmarli w 1991

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Grapevine red blotch associated virus (GRBaV) is a concern to grape growers throughout the state. The virus has been present in vines for many years- however, it was formally identified and a diagnostic assay developed in 2012. In late 2014, a group of growers, nursery operators, OWRI faculty, and ODA plant health scientists convened to share information, provide an overview of the grapevine virus situation in Oregon vineyards, and strategize future steps. Dr. Bob Martin, USDA-ARS plant pathologist, described his GRBaV survey results- GRBaV has been detected in the Willamette Valley, but is more widespread in vineyards in southern Oregon and recent sampling indicates that the virus moves very slowly from vine to vine, if at all. For example, of 100 vines tested in a Willamette Valley vineyard planted in the 1970's, only one positive plant was identified in a block of Chardonnay adjacent to a small block of Pinot noir that was completely infected. Similarly, 30 samples each of Grüner veltliner and Pinot gris adjacent to an eight year old severely infected Syrah block were all negative. If funding is secured, Dr. Martin will continue to investigate the spread of red blotch and its effects on wine quality. Dr. Vaughn Walton, OSU entomologist, reported that vector identification studies are on-going in California, but very little is known about red blotch vectors or transmission. The focus of his research is to monitor location and spread of the disease. Studies are also being conducted in southern Oregon to assess the spread of the disease in that environment.
For more information regarding the research in southern Oregon, please click here to read a research report from Dr. Vinay Pagay and Dr. Bob Martin.
One question that may ease growers' minds is that nurseries are now testing for red blotch. One nursery owner said that 3,000 tested vines in WV yielded no positive results but southern Oregon had positives in the cultivars Tempranillo, Mourvedre and Merlot. It is possible that red blotch has spread through planting stocks, either nursery materials or from top-working plants with wood from field sources. Education on how to stop the spread of the disease will be a key component of red blotch outreach efforts.
Plant only certified grapevine materials. Vines from Russell Ranch and Clean Plant Center Northwest (Washington State University-Prosser, WA) are certified free of GRBaV, Grapevine leafroll associated viruses and viruses causing trunk diseases.
Unless individual vines are tested for known viruses, do NOT propagate from any vines in your vineyard. The risk of spread of viruses, even from asymptomatic vines, is too great.
Geoff Hall, viticulturist from Ste. Michelle Wine Estates stated that WSU faculty and industry associations consistently reinforce the need to exercise caution and utilize proper practices when managing the spread of viruses in vineyards, which applies to Oregon growers as well.
This group has agreed to meet again in December 2015.


text:
Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
<Previous Article In Issue
Next Article In Issue>
Volume 10, Issue 3, September 2020, Pages 209 - 213
Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths
André Vieira1, *, , Vasco Ricoca Peixoto1, 2, , Pedro Aguiar1, , Alexandre Abrantes1,
1Public Health Research Centre, NOVA National School of Public Health, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Portugal
2Public Health Unit, North Lisbon Health Centers, Lisbon, Portugal
*Corresponding author. Email: aam.vieira@ensp.unl.pt
André Vieira
Received 14 May 2020, Accepted 20 June 2020, Available Online 7 July 2020.
https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200628.001How to use a DOI?
Coronavirus; disease outbreaks; mortality; pandemics; Portugal
Background: One month after the first COVID-19 infection was recorded, Portugal counted 18,051 cases and 599 deaths from COVID-19. To understand the overall impact on mortality of the pandemic of COVID-19, we estimated the excess mortality registered in Portugal during the first month of the epidemic, from March 16 until April 14 using two different methods.
Methods: We compared the observed and expected daily deaths (historical average number from daily death registrations in the past 10 years) and used 2 standard deviations confidence limit for all-cause mortality by age and specific mortality cause, considering the last 6 years. An adapted Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model was also tested to validate the estimated number of all-cause deaths during the study period.
Results: Between March 16 and April 14, there was an excess of 1255 all-cause deaths, 14% more than expected. The number of daily deaths often surpassed the 2 standard deviations confidence limit. The excess mortality occurred mostly in people aged 75+. Forty-nine percent (49%) of the estimated excess deaths were registered as due to COVID-19, the other 51% registered as other natural causes.
Conclusion: Even though Portugal took early containment measures against COVID-19, and the population complied massively with those measures, there was significant excess mortality during the first month of the pandemic, mostly among people aged 75+. Only half of the excess mortality was registered as directly due do COVID-19.
An Excess Mortality (EM) of 1255 deaths were estimated 1 month after the first death classified by COVID-19, and it would probably be more if the government had not taken early action.
The age group where a significant increase in mortality was noted was above 75 years.
51% of the EM was due to natural causes other than COVID-19.
© 2020 The Authors. Published by Atlantis Press International B.V.
This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC 4.0 license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/).
The COVID-19 pandemic is expected to cause Excess Mortality (EM) throughout 2020, both directly, due to deaths among those infected, and indirectly, due to patients' not seeking health care for fear of becoming infected by COVID-19, or due to the inability of healthcare system to provide effective services to patients other than those with COVID-19. The economic and social impact of the pandemic could also contribute to long-term EM [1].
According to Johns Hopkins University, by April 15, 2020, the COVID-19 virus had infected nearly 2 million people and killed more than 128,000 people worldwide [2]. EuroMOMO reports a significant increase in the number of deaths caused by COVID-19 in several countries such as Spain and Italy [3]. Other analyzes, for countries like England, France, Switzerland and the Netherlands already presented considerable excess mortality as of at that time [4]. These values would probably have been much higher if no action had been taken. However, making comparisons between different methods can be challenging, since the methods used and periods considered vary considerably, from study to study.
On March 16, 2020, the first death due to COVID-19 was registered in Portugal, 14 days after the first confirmed case of infection. In March 2020, 187 people died of COVID-19, or 2.3% of the 8521 confirmed patient cases, a cumulative incidence of around 80 cases per 100,000 inhabitants and a lethality rate of 2.3%. In Portugal, most deaths by COVID-19 reported so far have occurred in individuals with underlying health conditions or at older ages [5].
This article estimates excess mortality during the first month of recorded deaths by COVID-19.
Mortality data was extracted from the Portuguese Death Certificate Information System (SICO-eVM) [6]. Data on the number of COVID-19 reported deaths in Portugal were extracted from information in the Directorate-General of Health daily Situation Reports [7].
For estimating total EM, we calculated the historical average and respective Standard Deviation (SD) of the number of daily all-cause mortality for the last 10 years, between January 1 and April 14. To estimate the excess mortality by age and cause (natural and external), we used only the last 6 years average, because the information was not available for earlier years.
We considered Relevant Excess Mortality (REM) when the daily observed values exceed the estimated average value of deaths for each day plus corresponding 2 SDs or if they exceed the limits of the 95% confidence interval in the Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The REM calculation method has been used in similar studies [8,9].
To validate the EM calculated on the basis of historical daily deaths, from all causes, we compared it with the estimated results obtained with an ARIMA model (1,1,5) adjusted to the time series until April 14, 2020. We modeled a time series including the observed mortality from January 1, 2010 to March 15, 2020 and the historical average after that day from March 16, 2020 until 14 April 2020. This cut-off point (March 16) was the date of first reported COVID-19 death and the close inversion in mortality trend. We compared the observed and modeled expected mortality for the pandemic period and the respective 95% confidence intervals. The model was adjusted with the SPSS program, with a determination coefficient of R2 = 0.801, Ljung–Box test not statistically significant, Autocorrelation Function and Partial Autocorrelation Function not statistically significant in the residues, and estimates of the auto parameters - statistically significant regression and moving averages (p < 0.01) [10].
3.1. All-cause Excess Mortality
Between March 16 and April 14, 2020, there was an excess of 1255 deaths over the expected, based on average daily mortality during the previous 10 years, an excess mortality of 13.7%. The number of deaths observed exceeded the defined threshold of REM in 14 days of the study period, totaling 242 REM (Figure 1).
All-cause mortality between 1st January and 14th April 2020.
During the 10 years' time-series of mortality data, March and April showed declining mortality in relation to January and February. In 2020, there is an inversion of this negative trend as of March 11, with an EM above the average of the previous 10 years, exceeding the average threshold plus 2 SD, as of March 24, 2020.
3.2. Excess Mortality by Age
Almost all EM was detected among people aged 75 years or more. Between March 1 and April 14, 2020, there was an EM of 1030 deaths in people aged 75+, compared to the daily averages of deaths in this age group, in the last 6 years. For this age group, the number of deaths observed exceeded the defined threshold of REM in 11 days of the study period, totaling 201 REM.
In the same period, only 67 deaths were estimated above the historical average in the age group between 65 and 74 years old and EM was not identified in any other age group.
3.3. Excess Mortality by Cause
The COVID-19 reported deaths are included in deaths due to natural causes. Between March 16 and April 14, there was an EM of 1281 deaths from natural causes, based on deaths registered in the last 6 years (Table 1 and Figure 2).
Expected deaths (n)
Observed deaths in 2020 (n)
Difference between observed and expected (n)
Expected deaths + 2 SD (n)
Difference between observed and expected deaths + 2 SD (n)
All-cause mortality
January 11,607 11,863 +256 14,666 −2803
February 10,564 9615 −946 13,002 −3387
March 9967 10,069 +102 11,626 −1557
April (1st to 14th) 4223 4971 +748 4901 +71
16th to 23rd March 2547 2641 +94 2918 −277
24th to 31st March 2420 2833 +413 2782 +51
1st to 7th of April 2135 2568 +433 2503 +65
8th to 14th of April 2088 2403 +315 2399 +4
January 1641 1684 +43 2120 −436
February 1381 1313 −68 1774 −461
March 1390 1411 +21 1850 −439
April (1st to 14th) 630 676 +46 818 −142
+75 years old
January 8959 8617 −342 11,719 −3102
February 7470 7033 −437 9253 −2220
March 7099 7479 +380 8450 −971
January 11,031 10,608 −423 13,913 −3305
February 9538 8786 −752 11,119 −2333
March 8968 9347 +379 10,375 −1028
April (1st to 14th) 3892 4609 +717 4145 +464
16th to 23rd March 2278 2440 +162 2624 −184
1st to 7th of April 1980 2360 +380 2107 +253
8th to 14th of April 1912 2249 +337 2038 +211
External causes
January 166 117 −49 – –
February 138 93 −45 – –
March 148 70 −78 – –
April (1st to 14th) 61 34 −27 – –
16th to 23rd March 40 22 −18 – –
24th to 31st March 36 22 −14 – –
1st to 7th of April 44 30 −14 – –
8th to 14th of April 44 31 −13 – –
Expected deaths correspond to the average mortality based on the last 10 or 6 years. The 2 Standard Deviations (SDs) were calculated for each subgroup analysis.
Overall description by all-cause, age and natural/external cause
Mortality by natural cause between 1st January and 14th April 2020.
The number of deaths due to natural causes exceeded the average + 2 SD limit for the last 6 years in 19 days, totaling 566 deaths in REM. Between March 16 and April 14, there was a 15.2% increase in deaths from natural causes and a 57% reduction in deaths from external causes compared to the averages observed in the previous 6 years.
3.4. ARIMA Modelling
Forty-nine percent of excess deaths were caused by COVID-19 and another 51% were attributed to other natural causes.
Comparing the observed deaths with those modeled for March and April, we observed an EM from March 16, exceeding the upper limit of the confidence interval in the last days of March and the first days of April (Figure 3). There is also a tendency toward a reduction in mortality in April, as some effect of the confinement measures is already expected to have occurred. Between March 16 and April 14, there was an excess of 1214 deaths in relation to the deaths those estimated for a situation in which there was no epidemic. 10,445 deaths were observed and the chronological model estimates that 9231 deaths would have been recorded, had there not been a pandemic. Excess mortality was similar in the two applied methods suggesting that results of this study are robust.
Evolution of mortality analyzed using the ARIMA model.
The estimated excess mortality has two components: 49% of excess deaths were caused by COVID-19 and another 51% were attributed to other causes. In the study period, 599 deaths were registered by COVID-19, so we estimate that the excess of non-COVID-19 Mortality (EMnC) was 615 deaths (1214 - 599), due to other causes natural causes not directly related to the pandemic.
The findings of this study suggest an excess mortality during the first month of the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal, with a gradual reduction of the trend from the second week in April.
The results seem robust as they are consistent using two different estimate methods: (a) comparing observed and expected deaths, based on the calculation of the historical averages and 2 SD of death records for the last 10 years, and (b) using the ARIMA model, filling the historical average from the date were forecast would begin, we included historical data in ARIMA forecasting making the prediction and confidence levels closer to reality considering the actual year and the previous ones.
Our excess mortality estimates are conservative, since expected deaths are influenced by the previous years and the present year registered lower mortality than expected in February and early March. In addition, during the study period there was a significant reduction in the number of injury related deaths, namely those associated with traffic accidents, due to severe mobility restrictions imposed by the Authorities [11].
The results are also in line with the estimates made by other excess mortality studies carried out in Portugal. Nogueira et al. [12] estimated an EM between 2400 to 4000 deaths between March 1 and April 22. These differences can be attributed to different methods and time windows used.
These results are also in line with other and international studies, namely those of EuroMOMO [3]. Another study reported significant excessive mortalities in New York City (+289%) and in countries like Spain (+66%), England and Wales (+33%), the Netherlands (+33%) and Belgium (+25%)[4]. Difference may be explained, by different epidemic starting times, in different countries, the time at which each country adopted different confinement measures, and different compliance rates [13].
Our study shows a decline in excess mortality 2 weeks after it implemented stringent confinement measures, with which the population complied. Other countries like England, Spain, Italy and the Netherlands have maintained very high levels of EM in weeks 13 and 14 of the respective epidemics [3].
Our study suggests a concentration of excess mortality among those aged 75+. EuroMOMO also registers excess mortality for age groups between 15 and 64 years old and above 65. The difference may be related to the high lethality of the COVID-19 virus for patients aged 80+ (12.4%) [14] and with the vulnerability of this population to changes in supply and demand for health care itself.
This study showed that 51% of the registered excess mortality was due to other natural causes, not classified as COVID-19 (EMnC). This may be explained by: (a) some patients may have died with COVID-19 died at home, or at long-term care institution, without having had a COVID-19 test; other patients, with serious conditions, may not have sought hospital care, for fear of being infected, or did seek hospital care but did not get the full attention needed, because manpower and equipment were dedicated to the care of COVID-19 patients.
Under ascertainment may have been a problem during the first period of the study period and a study from the Imperial College of London about under-ascertainment estimated Portugal to report 36% of estimated number of infections [15]. This became less of a problem by April, when Portugal adopted a generous testing strategy, including tests in long term care institutions and even at the morgue. Finally, Portugal has an inclusive definition for classifying deaths as due to COVID-19, accepting the diagnosis in the absence of a confirmation test [16].
A study by Rui Santana et al. [17] supports the hypothesis that patients reduced emergency visits, since it showed that, in March 2020, there was a 48% drop in the demand for emergency services and a reduction of more than 144,000 emergency episodes, for patients with a higher priority of care (yellow and red bracelets), when compared to previous years.
Some international studies also reported EM by non COVID-19 in different countries and found it varying from 20% to 60%, in Spain, Belgium France, England and Wales, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Sweden, which is in line with the results presented in this study [18,19].
Our study shows EM due to natural causes were superior to total EM. This difference partly explained by a significant reduction in the number of injury related deaths, namely those associated with traffic accidents, due to severe mobility restrictions imposed by the Authorities [11].
This study has some limitations. SICO database undergoes updates several days after first registration, which is one of the reasons why it is safer to carry out this analysis with some time lag. Also, in the initial phase of the pandemic many deaths may have occurred without having been identified with COVID-19. It was also not possible to obtain a greater detail, mainly in the older populations, due to the database obtained from the deaths being previously classified with the classes analyzed in this document.
Overall, despite heterogeneous methods and findings of different studies, our results add to the body of evidence created around COVID-19 excess mortality.
Between March 16 and April 14, 2020, there was an excess of 1255 deaths over the expected, based on average daily mortality during the previous 10 years, an excess mortality of 13.7%. The number of deaths observed exceeded the defined threshold of REM in 14 days of the study period, totaling 242 REM.
Forty-nine percent of excess mortality were caused by COVID-19 and another 51% were attributed to other natural causes. Collateral excess mortality by non COVID-19 needs further investigation.
One month after the first death recorded by COVID-19 in Portugal, an EM is observed for all-cause mortality, mainly in the age groups above 75 years of age. Portugal registers less EM than many other countries. This may be due to the Authorities having decreed stringent confinement measures early and the high levels of compliance of the population.
As we enter a phase of deconfinement, it is necessary to maintain a high level of surveillance to intervene early and with precision wherever there are signs of any excess morbidity or mortality by COVID-19.
The authors declare they have no conflicts interest.
AUTHORS' CONTRIBUTION
AV contributed in conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis and writing (original draft). VRP contributed in methodology, formal analysis and validation. PA contributed in formal analysis and validation. AA contributed in term, conceptualization, writing (review and editing).
No financial support was provided.
Data availability statement: The datasets generated and/or analysed during the current study are available in the SICO-eVm repository (https://evm.min-saude.pt/#shiny-tab-q_total) and Directorate-General of Health) daily Situation Reports (https://www.dgs.pt/informacao-e-comunicacao/historico-de-destaques.aspx).
[1]Council of the EU, Report on the comprehensive economic policy response to the COVID-19 pandemic [press release], Council of the EU, Brussel, 2020. Available from: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/it/press/press-releases/2020/04/09/report-on-the-comprehensive-economic-policy-response-to-the-covid-19-pandemic/pdf.
[2]Johns Hopkins University & Medicine, COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Johns Hopkins University & Medicine, Baltimore, 2020. Available from: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html.
[3]EUROMOMO, EuroMOMO Bulletin, Week 15, EUROMOMO, Copenhagen, 2020. Available from: https://www.euromomo.eu/bulletins/2020-15/.
[4]J Wu, A McCann, J Katz, and E Peltier, 28,000 Missing deaths: tracking the true toll of the coronavirus outbreak, New York Times, NY, USA, 2020.
[5]European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Download today's data on the geographic distribution of COVID-19 cases worldwide [Internet], European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control, Solna, 2020. (cited April 24, 2020).
[6]Sistema de Informação dos Certificados de Óbito - Vigilância de Mortalidade [Internet], 2020. Available from: https://evm.min-saude.pt/ (cited April 15, 2020).
[7]Direção Geral da Saúde (DGS), Novo Coronavírus COVID-19 - Relatório de Situação, Direção Geral da Saúde, Lisboa, 2020. (cited April 15, 2020).
[8]HK Green, NJ Andrews, G Bickler, and RG Pebody, Rapid estimation of excess mortality: nowcasting during the heatwave alert in England and Wales in June 2011, J Epidemiol Community Health, Vol. 66, 2012, pp. 866-8.
[9]CEBM, Tracking mortality over time – Update 28th April 2020, CEBM, Oxford. Available from: https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/tracking-mortality-over-time/ (updated April 21, 2020).
[10]BG Tabachnick and LS Fidell, Using multivariate statistics, 6th ed, Allyn & Bacon, Boston, 2012.
[11]INSA, Boletim de Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe - Época 2019/2020, Semana 14, INSA, Lisboa, 2020.
[12]PJ Nogueira, MA Nobre, PJ Nicola, C Furtado, and A Vaz Carneiro, Excess mortality estimation during the COVID-19 pandemic: preliminary data from Portugal, Acta Med Port, Vol. 33, 2020, pp. 376-83.
[13]Public Health England, All-cause mortality surveillance - 02 April 2020 – Week 14 report (up to week 13 data), Immunisation & countermeasures division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Lisboa, 2020, pp. 1.
[14]VR Peixoto, A Vieira, and AV Abrantes, Um mês em tempos de COVID-19, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública. Universidade Nova de Lisboa, London, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/97666
[15]S Bhatia, A Cori, KV Parag, S Mishra, LV Cooper, KEC Ainslie, et al., Short-term forecasts of COVID-19 deaths in multiple countries, Imperial College COVID-19 response team: the WHO Collaborating Centre for Infectious Disease Modelling within the MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, J-IDEA, Imperial College London [Internet]., 2020. Available from: https://mrc-ide.github.io/covid19-short-term-forecasts/index.html#authors (accessed May 6, 2020).
[16]A Kotowicz, Os países contam as mortes por Covid de forma diferente. Contagem em Portugal considera mais casos, Observador, Lisboa, 2020. (accessed April 1, 2020).
[17]R Santana, J Rocha, J Sousa, and P Soares, A procura de serviços de urgência/ emergência hospitalar: tendências durante o primeiro mês de resposta à COVID-19, Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisboa, 2020.
[18]Office for National Statistics, Deaths registered weekly in England and Wales, provisional: week ending 17 April 2020, Office for National Statistics, London, 2020. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/deathsregisteredweeklyinenglandandwalesprovisional/weekending17april2020#main-points.
[19]J Wu, A McCann, J Katz, and E Peltier, 40,000 Missing deaths: tracking the true toll of the coronavirus outbreak, New York Times, NY, USA, 2020.
Volume-Issue
ISSN (Online)
AU  - André Vieira
AU  - Vasco Ricoca Peixoto
AU  - Pedro Aguiar
AU  - Alexandre Abrantes
TI  - Rapid Estimation of Excess Mortality during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Portugal -Beyond Reported Deaths
JO  - Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
SN  - 2210-6014
UR  - https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200628.001
DO  - https://doi.org/10.2991/jegh.k.200628.001
ID  - Vieira2020
download .riscopy to clipboard
Atlantis Press
Atlantis Press – now part of Springer Nature – is a professional publisher of scientific, technical & medical (STM) proceedings, journals and books. We offer world-class services, fast turnaround times and personalised communication. The proceedings and journals on our platform are Open Access and generate millions of downloads every month.
For more information, please contact us at: contact@atlantis-press.com
ProceedingsJournalsBooksPolicies
AboutNewsContactSearch
Copyright © 2006-2022 Atlantis Press – now part of Springer Nature
HomePrivacy PolicyTerms of use


text:
Home > The Shell Game (Fox and O'Hare 0.25)
The Shell Game (Fox and O'Hare 0.25)
Janet Evanovich, Lee Goldberg
Garson Klepper liked going to black-tie events. Wearing a tuxedo made him feel suave and debonair. It made no difference that he looked like Homer Simpson, and made his living manufacturing fish meal for cattle. He always walked in as if he was the most important person in the ballroom, which he usually was. His sizable donation, made possible by his fish meal fortune, often made whatever charity event he was attending possible. Like the night's soiree at the Cleveland Ritz-Carlton.
Klepper wasn't sure what calamity he was raising money for tonight. War, famine, homelessness, illiteracy. It didn't matter to Klepper. He wrote the checks for the tax deductions and attended the events because he could always count on leaving with a smoking-hot twenty-something gold digger on his arm.
He was walking away from the bar with a lemon drop martini in each hand, one for him and one for the lucky gold digger at his table, when a man crossed his path, cutting him off.
The man was in his early thirties, with impeccably cut, casually styled brown hair and a warm smile. He wore his custom-tailored tuxedo with a devil-may-care savoir faire that Klepper wished he could manage for himself.
"Excuse me, Mr. Klepper," the man said. "I just have to tell you how impressed I am by your generous donation."
"It's a horrible tragedy when a kid steps on a land mine," Klepper said. When he saw the confusion on the man's face, he quickly added, "Especially if he has a cleft palate."
"Or suffers from malnutrition," the man said, "like the children we're raising money for tonight."
"Exactly. I'm just doing my small part to make the world a better place." And if it got him laid, even better. That wouldn't happen if he didn't get back to the gold digger, a platinum blonde in a gold lamé halter-top evening dress that left nothing to the imagination. Klepper tried to edge past the guy, who cut him off again.
"I'm sure that's also why you share your amazing collection of Peruvian antiquities with the public at the Cleveland Museum of Art."
Klepper did his philanthropic work to gain prestige. The kind of prestige he couldn't get from making food for cows that were destined to become Big Macs. But he wasn't stupid. He knew this guy was sucking up to him for a reason.
"Let's skip the ass-kissing, shall we?" Klepper said. "Who are you and what do you want?"
He was Nicolas Fox, international con man and thief, and what he wanted was to clean Klepper out.
Fox smiled at Klepper and gave him a small nod of approval for his bluntness. "My name is John Drake. I'm with Intertect Security. We understand you're lending your entire collection of Peruvian artifacts to the Getty in Los Angeles. We'd like to make sure your collection gets there safely."
"I've already got people for that."
"They aren't up to the task. The artifacts were looted from sacred tombs. The Peruvian government would love to get their treasures back. This move from Cleveland to L.A. is the perfect opportunity. You're going to need world-class security."
"I'm covered. The company I'm using hires ex-soldiers, ex-cops, and ex-spies who know every trick," Klepper said. "They put the same cutting-edge alarm system in my house that's in the Louvre. Nothing gets past these guys. I think they can handle a simple delivery."
"You're probably right. But if you change your mind, I gave your friend my card."
Nick gestured to Klepper's table, where the gold digger was sitting.
Klepper looked over at the woman and had a moment of confusion before he fully realized what he was seeing. She'd had long, straight unadorned blond hair when he left the table, and she was now wearing a crescent-shaped headdress of elaborately hammered gold. Klepper recognized the headdress. It was a one-of-a-kind treasure worth millions of dollars, and it had been looted from a royal crypt inside a pyramid in Peru. Until this very instant, Klepper thought the headdress was safely locked in a vault in his mansion, protected by an impassable alarm system, constant video surveillance, and armed guards on patrol. But this guy had managed to steal it without even wrinkling his tux. It was frightening. And damn impressive.
Klepper took a big slurp from one of his lemon drop martinis and turned to Nick.
"You're hired."
FBI Special Agent Kate O'Hare was slumped in her chair in her cubicle on the fifteenth floor of the Wilshire Federal Building in West Los Angeles. She had thick auburn hair pulled back into a ponytail, and blue eyes that were glazed over in stupefied boredom. She wore a sensible navy Ann Taylor blazer over skinny tan slacks and a stretchy white T-shirt. The blazer nicely covered the Glock on her hip. A pile of bulging files sat on one side of her computer monitor, and a dozen Oreos were stacked like poker chips on the other.
Total 9 Pages:


text:
Perceptions and practices regarding the process of obtaining informed consent from surgical patients at a tertiary care hospital
Cross-sectional Study
Muhammad Asharib Arshad, Naureen Omar, Muhammad Zaid Amjad, Khalid Bashir, Muhammad Irfan, Irfan Ullah
Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 22 December 2021
Proper informed consent is essential for patients to have sound knowledge about the indication, risks, and benefits of a proposed surgical procedure. The study aim was to assess the perceptions of postoperative patients about the informed consent process and identify various influential factors in a tertiary care hospital.
A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to August 2018 at a tertiary care hospital in Lahore, Pakistan. A validated questionnaire was used to conduct interviews of 101 patients planning to undergo elective surgery after fulfilling all ethical considerations. A purposive sampling technique was employed to enroll and the data analysis was
performed by using SPSS version 23.
Out of total 101 patients, 50 (49.5%) of them were males and the mean age of total sample was 36.98 ± 14.23 years. The majority 92 (91.1%) considered informed consent to be important and that it did not influence their surgical decision 85 (84.2%). Consent was obtained by the consulting surgeon from 41 (40.6%) patients and by the residents/house officer from 60 (59.4%) patients. Fifteen (14.8%) patients signed the consent form themselves, and 86 (85.1%) relatives of patients signed. Ninety-eight (97.0) patients were told about indications of the surgery, and 54 (53.5%) were told about possible complications. Seventy-five (74.3%) patients were informed about alternatives to surgery. Significant reasons for not signing were language (p = 0.03), educational status (p = 0.002), and not being informed by relatives before signing (p = 0.02).
The patients had adequate knowledge about the process of informed consent and considered it important. Factors identified as barriers to signing the consent form by the patients themselves included language, better educational status, and not being asked by relatives. It is imperative to involve the patients in the process of consent, especially in signing by them or in their presence by their surrogate.
Posted in Medical/Surgical
‹ PreviousUpgrading the Chemotherapy Consent: Trading in Paper for Tablet
Next ›Should medical students perform pelvic exams on anaesthetised patients without explicit consent?


text:
Sarah Elgindy
The Weight Of A Castle
Is it just me or are there a lot of great doom and stoner bands blooming all over the place? Castle have been drowning my ears with amazing occult doom for the past few weeks via their very recently released debut album, "In Witch Order." I almost never mention other bands in my reviews unless it's because of collaborations, but these guys channel some of Saint Vitus with more of an interesting upbeat accent as a twist to traditional doom. This album differs from what we have come to expect from doom these days in it's song duration and pace. Basically, they kept the classic bluesy down-tuned guitar riffage and solid drumming while nixing the long heavy droning bass sections; mid-paced/slower tempos don't last too long in any one song. That's not to say that you don't hear the bass. Oh no. You can hear and feel that baby pulsing in every song. Sometimes it feels like the bass is overlaying the rest of the instruments instead of just adding accents in the background; so it plays just as much a role in this band's sound as do the other instruments.
Vocal work is a duo between, I'm assuming, Mat Davis (guitar/song writing) and Elizabeth Blackwell (vocals/bass). Elizabeth takes lead though and she seamlessly ranges from woefully hypnotic to dirty and aggressive. Lyrical theme is centered around the occult and horror with some historical references added in. Perhaps it's just my choice of television programing shinning through, but I think this would definitely be at home as the soundtrack to Hercules: The Legendary Journeys. That's how much they were able to channel the ancient world; especially its mysterious and exotic spirituality. This album drips primeval preternatural gloom that traps you in it's glorious muck. There are two songs that do that the most for me.
"Fire In The Sky," the second track, arrests the attention with it's heavy and very bluesy opening. This song delves into what it must have been like for nomadic per-historic man when they first discovered fire and began harvesting it. It's a song about triumph in every way that gets the blood pumping for a battle whether it be metaphorical or literal. The chorus grabs you as much as the opening does:
Fire is power
Fire is might
Protects me every day and night
The feeling of triumph wanes as the album progress but the pace stays the same until we get to the ninth track, "Sleeping Giant." This song is melancholic and enchanting with a very slight aggressive tone to it. The mental image they paint is of a very restless giant trying to find some reprieve in a world of utter darkness. Eerie, sad, and lonely image.
Aside from those two beauties there are two other songs that you should definitely keep an eye out for: "Lost Queen" which showcases Al McCartney's drumming skills nicely and "Devil's Castle" for a very dirty bass solo at around the 4 minute mark followed by an ethereal wordless chorus. But by no means should you skip over the other songs on the album. It's a very solid doom release and I'll be on the look-out for more from them.
Founder and Editor. Conquering one genre at a time while blurring the lines. Words are my art and the world my canvas.
Hussain Shargi: Embracing Solitude
Descent of Man	4:23
Fire in the Sky 4:08
Slaves of the Pharao 4:06
Knife in the Temple 3:44
Total Betrayal 2:56
Spellbinder 3:41
Lost Queen 4:37
Shaman Wars 4:22
Sleeping Giant 3:56
Butcher of Los Angeles 3:10
Devils Castle 5:44
Elizabeth Blackwell ( Vocals/bass )
Mat Davis ( Guitar/vocals )
Al McCartney ( Drums )
Al McCartney
Elizabeth Blackwell
in witch order
Mat Davis


text:
package com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.disassemblers.krakatau;

import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.ClassData;
import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.PackagedLibraryHelper;
import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.TransformationResult;
import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.TransformationException;
import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.common.krakatau.KrakatauConstants;
import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.common.krakatau.KrakatauException;
import com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.disassemblers.Disassembler;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;

import java.io.*;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.nio.file.Files;
import java.util.*;
import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
import java.util.jar.JarFile;
import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
import java.util.zip.ZipOutputStream;

import static com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.common.krakatau.KrakatauConstants.NAME;
import static com.heliosdecompiler.transformerapi.common.krakatau.KrakatauConstants.VERSION;

public class KrakatauDisassembler extends Disassembler<KrakatauDisassemblerSettings> {
    @Override
    public TransformationResult<String> disassemble(Collection<ClassData> data, KrakatauDisassemblerSettings settings, Map<String, ClassData> classpath) throws TransformationException {
        Exception packageResult = PackagedLibraryHelper.checkPackagedLibrary(NAME, VERSION);
        if (packageResult != null) {
            throw new KrakatauException(packageResult, KrakatauException.Reason.MISSING_KRAKATAU, null, null);
        }

        if (settings.getPython2Exe() == null) {
            throw new KrakatauException("No Python 2 executable provided", KrakatauException.Reason.MISSING_PYTHON2, null, null);
        }

        File sessionDirectory = null;

        Process createdProcess = null;

        try {
            try {
                sessionDirectory = Files.createTempDirectory("krakatau-disassemble-").toFile();
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                throw new KrakatauException(ex, KrakatauException.Reason.FAILED_TO_CREATE_TEMP_DIR, null, null);
            }
            File inputFile = new File(sessionDirectory, "input.jar");
            File outputFile = new File(sessionDirectory, "out.jar");

            try (ZipOutputStream out = new ZipOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(inputFile))) {
                for (ClassData classData : data) {
                    ZipEntry entry = new ZipEntry(classData.getInternalName() + ".class");
                    out.putNextEntry(entry);
                    out.write(classData.getData());
                    out.closeEntry();
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                throw new KrakatauException(ex, KrakatauException.Reason.FAILED_TO_CREATE_INPUT_FILE, null, null);
            }

            List<String> args = new ArrayList<>();
            args.add(KrakatauConstants.canon(settings.getPython2Exe()));
            args.add("-O");
            args.add("disassemble.py");
            if (settings.isRoundtrip()) {
                args.add("-roundtrip");
            }
            args.add("-out");
            args.add(KrakatauConstants.canon(outputFile));
            args.add(KrakatauConstants.canon(inputFile));

            createdProcess = KrakatauConstants.launchProcess(new ProcessBuilder(args).directory(PackagedLibraryHelper.getPackageRoot(NAME, VERSION)), settings);

            String stdout;
            String stderr;

            try {
                stdout = IOUtils.toString(createdProcess.getInputStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
                e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
                stdout = writer.toString();
            }
            try {
                stderr = IOUtils.toString(createdProcess.getErrorStream(), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                StringWriter writer = new StringWriter();
                e.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(writer));
                stderr = writer.toString();
            }

            Map<String, String> results = new HashMap<>();

            try (JarFile zipFile = new JarFile(outputFile)) {
                Enumeration<JarEntry> e = zipFile.entries();
                while (e.hasMoreElements()) {
                    JarEntry next = e.nextElement();
                    if (!next.isDirectory()) {
                        String name = next.getName();
                        if (!name.endsWith(".j")) {
                            throw new KrakatauException("Unexpected output: " + name, KrakatauException.Reason.UNEXPECTED_OUTPUT, stdout, stderr);
                        }
                        name = name.substring(0, name.length() - ".j".length());
                        try (InputStream inputStream = zipFile.getInputStream(next)) {
                            String result = new String(IOUtils.toByteArray(inputStream), StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
                            results.put(name, result);
                        } catch (IOException ex) {
                            StringWriter err = new StringWriter();
                            ex.printStackTrace(new PrintWriter(err));
                            stderr += "\r\nError occurred while reading input: " + next.getName() + "\r\n" + err.toString();
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException ex) {
                throw new KrakatauException(ex, KrakatauException.Reason.FAILED_TO_OPEN_OUTPUT, stdout, stderr);
            }

            return new TransformationResult<>(results, stdout, stderr);
        } finally {
            FileUtils.deleteQuietly(sessionDirectory);
            if (createdProcess != null)
                createdProcess.destroyForcibly();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public KrakatauDisassemblerSettings defaultSettings() {
        return new KrakatauDisassemblerSettings();
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub