Regulation 2Come4 Klout, Kred & Online Ratings?
There is a perceived need, but how about the manner in which the need is addressed. Only a few decades earlier with the rise of credit, credit cards and e-money, a similar evolution was quickly underway in credit rating bureaus. Before we knew it, not only securing a credit card but insurance and employment became dependent on one's credit score. The evolution is still underway, but consumer protection laws evolved to encourage credit rating agencies to at least present greater transparency and even if superficially be responsive to the "credit applicant"/consumer.
We can probably expect similar pressure to develop overtime with respect to the "Influence Raters" as Klout and Kred. The latter already professes transparency, and its system actually is straightforward, with limited "secret sauce" applied to serve up an Influencer Rating.
The greatest pressure will be on Klout both a current industry leader and as it promotes a notion of confidential algorithms and formulas for deriving a rating. It is also not evident if this is a purely mechanical/impersonal "Black-Box." (At least on one occasion, there was an adjustment post-facto made to the Klout score for several SM participants that I follow including myself. No malicious motive or rationale can or should be inferred, but without transparency questions are likely to be raised).
Klout also has two other considerations: What subjective inferences were incorporated into its formula or "Black-Box" design for providing the Klout score? Similarly and perhaps more critically, how does Klout compare influence across social media platforms? For example, recently Klout adjusted its "Black-Box" to give greater weight to Facebook over Twitter. More fundamentally, how do you compare influence on YouTube with Twitter or WordPress?
Cross-Border, Cross-Language & Cross-Culture Implications?
Certain platforms may be more favored by some countries/languages/cultures – thus any alteration in the Black-Box formula(s) may impact more directly a whole group defined by nationality or language. Culture and notions of courtesy do affect how and frequency of interaction which may also impact Klout or Kred scores. This is one further consideration why Influencer Ratings may carry even greater impact on a global level.
"Appearance of Conflict of Interest"?
Besides the social media participants, Klout also impacts on the perceived influence of the platform itself. More than one social media participant has stated online that they would opt for more time on Facebook over Twitter as consequence of Klout readjusting its "Black-Box formula" to give greater weight to FB. We also note the increasing tendency of Klout and Kred to blur the line and position as well at least in part as social media platform by encouraging interaction on its site. This already starts to present at least the appearance of the potential conflict of interest – and this is not merely a lawyer's invention in this instance.
The online community recently was overwhelmingly united to counter SOPA-ACTA efforts at greater regulation. There is now an impulse to see any government regulation as undesirable and unwanted. Suspicion would be the least reaction. Nonetheless, there will be inevitably also a tendency to increasingly see Klout as an authority that must become more accountable to the online community. The fact that one can opt out of a Klout or Kred score may defer the moment for accountability and regulation, but the actual success of Klout and Kred becoming online standards will become the dominant consideration in a debate regarding standards and regulation that still really has to begin. Kred may be Klout's best friend for now. If Klout had a monopoly, it would face greater scrutiny and pressure for accountability as well as transparency.
In the business of ratings: credit scores for individuals or credit ratings for corporate/sovereign debt, the marketplace has evolved into a small but influential oligarchy. In the end, these industries became significantly regulated. In fact, after the international financial crisis of 2008, the pressure has been for even tighter controls over the bond rating agency oligarchy of Standard & Poor's, Moody's and Fitch, and toward greater international applicatio. The industries are not entirely analogous, however, this is an evolutionary model that may come to effect Klout, Kred and other new entrants in the Influence Rating market. As the online community takes shape, virtual reality may ever more reflect real life considerations.
How and who will effect any regulation is difficult to anticipate. However, it is more likely to start as responsive to a particular perceived need and/or injustice. Further, while national authorities are the more likely initial source, the uniquely global and largely borderless nature of the Internet and social media will more than ever drive the development of fledgling international standards along with demands for accountability (There is already an "Internet freedom" Advisory body at the United Nations). I'm not certain it is all good or bad, but the debate at least will be ever more inevitable.


The final showdown between the living and the undead! When Hugo Pecos and the FVZA discover the plans of the European vampire council to infect the United States, they quickly locate the underground headquarters of the vampires in the city. As Landra and Vidal split into two squads to thwart the sinister plot, they realize that there is far more to their mission than simple extermination. A stunning revelation, a tragic death and shocking betrayal await Landra as she journeys into the belly of the beast to battle the bloodthirsty and ruthless Chaucer-- and the queen vampire herself.


Update Summary: Added feature to extract and display per node color information (based on the color of the first basic block instruction).
Built on top of the IDA Function Analyzer, pGRAPH (Pedram's Grapher), provides an interface to generate more detailed and user defined control-flow graphs using the bundled Wingraph package. Extended features include: support for "chunked" functions, instruction level coloring, edge customization (manhattan vs splines), layout algorithm, basic block coloring, automatic highlighting of the node that contains the currently selected effective address within IDA and more.


text:
\section{Introduction}
There has been a great deal of renewed interest in understanding the role of positively charged dust (PCD) species   in modifying the existing features as well as in introducing new features of  linear and nonlinear propagation of the  modified-ion-acoustic (MIA) waves propagating in space  \cite{Havnes96,Gelinas98,Mendis04,Dovner94,Cairns95,Horanyi96,Mamun04,Tsintikidis96,Horanyi93,Markus99-NLCs} and laboratory  \cite{Khrapak01,Fortov03,Davletov18} dusty plasma systems, where the PCD species coexists with the electron-ion plasmas.  The dust species in such systems are positively charged  \cite{Fortov98}  due to (i) secondary emission of electrons from the dust grain surface by the impact of high energetic plasma particles like electrons or ions \cite{Chow93}, (ii) thermionic emission of electrons from the dust grain surface by the intense radiative or thermal heating \cite{Rosenberg95}, (ii) photo-emission of electrons from the dust grain surface by the interaction of high energy photons with the dust grain surface\cite{Rosenberg96}, etc.

The dispersion relation for the MIA waves in an electron-ion-PCD plasma system (containing inertialess Maxwellian electron species, inertial cold ion species, and stationary PCD species) is \cite{Mamun20,Mamun21}
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\omega}{kC_i}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1+\mu+k^2\lambda_D^2}},
\label{MIA-dispersion1}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\omega$ ($k$) is the MIA  wave angular frequency (propagation constant); $C_i=(z_ik_BT_e/m_i)^{1/2}$ is  the MIA speed in which $k_B$ is the Boltzmann constant, $T_e$ is the electron temperature, and $m_i$ is the ion mass; $\lambda_D=(k_BT_e/4\pi z_in_{i0}e^2)^{1/2}$ is  the MIA wave-length scale in which $n_{i0}$ ($z_i$) is the number density (charge state) of the ion species at equilibrium, and $e$ is the magnitude of an electronic charge; $\mu=z_dn_{d0}/z_in_{i0}$ with $n_{d0}$ ($z_d$) being the number density (charge state) of the PCD species at equilibrium  for which $n_{e0}=z_dn_{d0}+z_in_{i0}$.  This means that $\mu=0$ corresponds to the electron-ion plasma, and $\mu\rightarrow\infty$ corresponds to electron-dust plasma \cite{Mamun04,Khrapak01,Fortov03,Davletov18}. Thus, $0<\mu<\infty$ is valid for the electron-ion-PCD plasmas.  The dispersion relation
(\ref{MIA-dispersion1}) for the long-wavelength limit ($k\lambda_D\ll 1$) becomes
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\omega}{kC_i}\simeq\sqrt{\frac{1}{1+\mu}}.
\label{MIA-dispersion2}
\end{eqnarray}
The dispersion relation (\ref{MIA-dispersion2}) indicates that the phase speed of the MIA waves decreases with the rise of the value of $\mu$ due to the reduction of the space charge electric field  by the presence of the PCD species.

Recently, due to this new linear feature of the MIA waves, the  subsonic solitary and shock waves  exist in a  dusty plasma system containing Maxwellian electron, cold ion, and PCD species \cite{Mamun21,Mamun20}. However, as indicated by (\ref{MIA-dispersion2}) the reduction of the MIA wave phase speed due to the presence of the PCD species can also make the MIA phase speed comparable with the ion thermal speed  $V_{Ti}=(k_BT_i/m_i)^{1/2}$ (where $T_i$ is the ion fluid
temperature) so that the effect of the ion-thermal pressure cannot be neglected. On the other hand, the electron species in many space environments does not always follow the Maxwellian velocity distribution function. This means that the dispersion relation (\ref{MIA-dispersion2}), and the works \cite{Mamun21,Mamun20} are valid only for two limiting cases: (i) cold ion ($T_i=0$) and (ii) Maxwellian electron species.

To overcome these two limitations, we consider (i) warm ion fluid ($T_i\ne 0$) \cite{Mamun97} and (ii) nonthermal electron species following the Cairns velocity distribution function in the form \cite{Cairns95}
\begin{equation}
f(v)= \frac{1+\alpha(v^2-2\phi)^2}{(1+3\alpha)\sqrt{2\pi}}\exp\left[-\frac{1}{2}(v^2-2\phi)\right],
\label{CDF}
\end{equation}
where $\phi$ is the MIA wave potential normalized by  $k_BT_e/e$,  $\alpha$ is a parameter determining the population of the fast (energetic) particles present in the plasma system under consideration. We note that the distribution function defined by (\ref{CDF}) is identical to the Maxwellian electron distribution function for
$\alpha=0$. How this nonthermal parameter $\alpha$ modifies the Maxwell distribution curve of the electron species is shown in figure \ref{F0}.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F1.eps}
\caption{How the different values of $\alpha$ [viz. $\alpha=0$ (solid curve),  $\alpha=0.2$ (dotted curve), and
$\alpha=0.4$ (dashed curve)] deviate from the curve corresponding to the Maxwellian distribution function to that corresponding to the Cairns distribution function \cite{Cairns95}. We note that $\phi=0.5$ is used.}
\label{F0}
\end{figure}
The effects of the Cairns nonthermal electron distribution ($\alpha$) and the ion fluid temperature ($\sigma=T_i/z_iT_e$) reduces the dispersion relation (\ref{MIA-dispersion2}) for the long wavelength MIA waves  to
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\omega}{kC_i}=\sqrt{\sigma+\frac{1+3\alpha}{(1+\mu)(1-\alpha)}}.
\label{MIA-dispersion3}
\end{eqnarray}
The dispersion relation
(\ref{MIA-dispersion3}) indicates that as $\alpha$ and $\sigma$ increase, the phase speed of the MIA waves increases and decreases the ion Landau damping \cite{Mamun11}.  This is due to the enhancement of the space charge electric field by the nonthermal electron species and by the thermal temperature of ion species.
The aim of this work is to investigate the combined effects of the PCD species, Cairns nonthermal electron species,  and  ion fluid temperature on the basic features of the MIA solitary (shock) waves in the electron-ion-PCD plasma system  by deriving the Korwege-de Vries (KDV) equaion \cite{Washimi66,Deeba12} (Burgers equation  \cite{Deeba12,Mamun09,Mamun19}).

The manuscript is structured in the following manner. The governing equations are provided in section \ref{GE}.
The basic features of solitary (shock) waves, are investigated by making use of the reductive perturbation method \cite{Washimi66,Deeba12,Mamun09,Mamun19}  in section \ref{KDVSW} (\ref{BSW}).  A brief discussion on our theoretical work is presented in section \ref{DIS}.

\section{Governing equations}
\label{GE}
We consider a plasma system containing nonthermally distributed  inertialess electron species [following  the Cairns distribution function represented by (\ref{CDF})], isothermal warm inertial ion species, and stationary PCD species. The nonlinear dynamics of the MIA waves  in this electron-ion-PCD plasma system is governed by  the normalized  equations in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\frac{\partial n_i}{\partial t}+\frac{\partial}{\partial x} (n_iu_i) = 0,
\label{MIA-b1}\\
&&\frac{\partial u_i}{\partial t} + u_i \frac{\partial u_i}{\partial x} =-\frac{\partial \phi} {\partial x}-\frac{\sigma}{n_i} \frac{\partial n_i} {\partial x}+\eta\frac{\partial^2 u_i} {\partial x^2},
\label{MIA-b2}\\
&&\frac{\partial^2\phi}{\partial x^2}  =(1+\mu)n_e-n_i-\mu,
\label{MIA-b3}
\end{eqnarray}
where  $n_i$ ($n_e$) is the ion (electron) number density normalized by $n_{i0}$
($n_{e0}$);  $u_i$ is the ion fluid speed normalized
by $C_i$;  $x$ ($t$) is the space (time) co-ordinate normalized by $\lambda_D$ ($\omega_{pi}^{-1}$);
$\eta$ is the ion fluid  kinematic viscosity coefficient \cite{Mamun20} normalized by
$\omega_{pi}\lambda_D^2$.

The expression for $n_e$ is obtained by integrating
the non-thermal Cairns distribution function  [defined by (\ref{CDF})] over the whole velocity space, i.e.
\begin{eqnarray}
&&n_e=\int_{-\infty}^\infty f(v)dv=(1-\beta\phi+\beta\phi^{2})\exp(\phi),
\label{ne}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\beta=4\alpha/(1+3\alpha)$.  It  indicates  for  $\alpha=0$ that $n_e=\exp(\phi)$  yielding the Maxwellian  electron species.

\section{KDV Soltary Waves}
\label{KDVSW}
To study the nature of the KDV solitary waves  in the electron-ion-PCD plasma system under consideration, we first  stretch the independent variables $x$ and $t$ as \cite{Washimi66,Deeba12}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\zeta=\epsilon^{\frac{1}{2}}(x-{\cal V}_pt),
\label{str1}\\
&&\tau=\epsilon^{\frac{3}{2}}t,
\label{str2}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\epsilon$ is the small dimensionless expansion parameter, ${\cal V}_p$ is the MIA wave phase speed normalized by $C_i$ indicating ${\cal V}_p=\omega/kC_i$, and $\zeta$ ($\tau$) is normalized as $x$ ($t$) is.  We then expand the dependent variables $n_i$, $u_i$, and $\phi$ as \cite{Washimi66,Deeba12}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&n_i=1+\epsilon n_i^{(1)}+\epsilon^2 n_i^{(2)}+\cdot \cdot \cdot,
\label{expand1}\\
&&u_i=0+\epsilon u_i^{(1)}+\epsilon^2 u_i^{(2)}+\cdot \cdot \cdot,
\label{expand2}\\
&&\phi=0+\epsilon \phi^{(1)}+\epsilon^2 \phi^{(2)}+\cdot \cdot \cdot.
\label{expand3}
\end{eqnarray}
We now develop the equations in various powers of $\epsilon$.  To the lowest-order approximation,  we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
&&n_i^{(1)}=\frac{1}{{\cal V}_p^{2}-\sigma}\phi^{(1)},
\label{L1}\\
&&u_i^{(1)}=\frac{{\cal V}_p}{{\cal V}_p^{2}-\sigma}\phi^{(1)},
 \label{L2}\\
&&{\cal V}_p=\sqrt{\sigma+\frac{1+3\alpha}{(1+\mu)(1-\alpha)}}.
 \label{L3}
\end{eqnarray}
This is the linear dispersion for the MIA waves in the  electron-ion-PCD plasma system, and
is identical to (\ref{MIA-dispersion3}) since ${\cal V}_p=\omega/kC_i$.
The interpretation of (\ref{MIA-dispersion3}) is verified graphically by displaying the figures \ref{F1} and \ref{F2} which show how ${\cal V}_p$ varies with $\mu$, $\alpha$, and $\sigma$.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F2.eps}
\caption{The variation of $V_p$ with $\mu$  for different values of $\alpha$ [viz.
$\alpha=0$ (solid curve),  $\alpha=0.1$ (dotted curve), and  $\alpha=0.2$ (dashed curve)] and $\sigma=0.1$.}
\label{F1}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F3.eps}
\caption{The variation of $V_p$ with $\mu$ for different values of  $\sigma$  [viz.  $\sigma=0$ (solid curve),
$\sigma=0.1$ (dotted curve), and $\sigma=0.2$ (dashed curve) and $\alpha=0$.}
 \label{F2}
\end{figure}

To the next higher order approximation, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\hspace*{-10mm}\frac{\partial n_i^{(1)}}{\partial \tau}
-{\cal V}_p\frac{\partial n_i^{(2)}}{\partial\zeta}+\frac{\partial u_i^{(2)}}{\partial\zeta}+
\frac{\partial}{\partial\zeta}\left[n_i^{(1)}u_i^{(1)}\right]=0,
\label{NL1}\\
&&\hspace*{-10mm}\frac{\partial u_i^{(1)}}{\partial \tau}-{\cal V}_p\frac{\partial u_i^{(2)}}{\partial \zeta}+\gamma u_i^{(1)}\frac{\partial u_i^{(1)}}{\partial \zeta}=-\frac{\partial \phi^{(2)}}{\partial \zeta}-\sigma\frac{\partial n_i^{(2)}}{\partial \zeta},
\label{NL2}\\
&&\hspace*{-10mm}\frac{\partial^2 \phi^{(1)}}{\partial \zeta^2}=(1+\mu)(1-\beta)\phi^{(2)}+\frac{1}{2}(1+\mu)\left[{\phi^{(1)}}\right]^{2}-n_i^{(2)},~~
\label{NL3}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\gamma=1+\sigma/{\cal V}_p^2$, which is obtained from (\ref{L1}) and (\ref{L2}).
We finally use (\ref{L1})$-$(\ref{NL3}) to obtain the KDV equation in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial\phi^{(1)}}{\partial
\tau}+ {\cal A} \phi^{(1)} \frac{\partial
\phi^{(1)}}{\partial \zeta} + {\cal B} \frac{\partial^3 \phi^{(1)}}{\partial
\zeta^3} = 0,
\label{KDV}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\cal A}$ and ${\cal B}$ denote the nonlinear and dispersion coefficients, which are, respectively, given by
\begin{eqnarray}
&&{\cal A}=\left[\frac{(3{\cal V}_p^{2}+\sigma)-(1+\mu)({\cal V}_p^{2}-\sigma)^{3}}{2{\cal V}_p({\cal V}_p^{2}-\sigma)}\right],
\label{A}\\
&&{\cal B}=\frac{({\cal V}_p^{2}-\sigma)^{2}}{2{\cal V}_p}.
\label{B}
\end{eqnarray}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F4.eps}
\caption{${\cal A}=0$ surface plot showing the parametric regimes for the existence of the KDV solitary waves with  $\phi>0$ (parametric space \{$\mu$, $\alpha$, $\sigma$\}  above ${\cal A}=0$) surface) and $\phi<0$ (parametric space
\{$\mu$, $\alpha$, $\sigma$\}  below ${\cal A}=0$ surface).}
 \label{F3}
\end{figure}

The stationary solitary wave solution of the KDV equation (\ref{KDV}) is derived by considering a moving frame
$\xi=\zeta-{\cal U}_0\tau$ (moving with a constant speed
${\cal U}_0$), where $\xi$ is normalized as $\zeta$ is, and ${\cal U}_0$  is normalized by $C_i$. Now, imposing the appropriate boundary conditions, viz. $\phi^{(1)}\rightarrow 0$,
$d\phi^{(1)}/d\zeta \rightarrow 0$, and $d^2\phi^{(1)}/d\zeta^2\rightarrow 0$ at $\xi\rightarrow \pm \infty$. These assumptions lead to the stationary solitary wave solution of the KDV equation (\ref{KDV}) in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\phi^{(1)}=\phi_m^{(1)}{\rm
sech^2}\left(\frac{\xi}{\Delta}\right).
\label{KDV-sol}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\phi^{(1)}$ ($\Delta$) is the amplitude (width) of the MIA solitary waves, and are written as
\begin{eqnarray}
\phi_m^{(1)}=\frac{3{\cal U}_0}{{\cal A}}~~{\rm and}~~ \Delta=\sqrt{\frac{4{\cal B}}{{\cal U}_0}},
\label{Amp-Wid}
\end{eqnarray}
 respectively. It is clear from (\ref{KDV-sol})$-$(\ref{Amp-Wid}) that the subsonic and supersonic solitary waves (of amplitude $3{\cal U}_0/{\cal A}$ and width $\sqrt{4{\cal B}/{\cal U}_0}$) exist with $\phi^{(1)}>0$ [$\phi^{(1)}<0$] for ${\cal A}>0$ [${\cal A}<0$] since ${\cal U}_0>0$ and ${\cal B}>0$ are always valid, and that amplitude (width) of the MIA solitary waves increases (decreases) directly with ${\cal U}_0$
($\sqrt{{\cal U}_0}$).  The parametric regimes corresponding to ${\cal A}>0$ and ${\cal A}<0$ are shown by displaying the ${\cal A}=0$ surface plot in figure \ref{F3}.  To observe how the basic features (polarity, amplitude, and width) of the MIA solitary waves are modified by the number density of the stationary PCD species (represented by $\mu$), the ion fluid temperature (represented by $\sigma$), and the nonthermal parameter $\alpha$ (representing the population of the fast or energetic  electrons), we have graphically represented (\ref{KDV-sol}) for the different values of $\mu$,  $\sigma$, and $\alpha$.  The results are displayed in figures  \ref{F4-so}$-$\ref{F6b-so}.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F5.eps}
\caption{The solitary potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$, $\sigma=0.1$, $\alpha=0.1$, $\mu=0.2$ (solid curve), $\mu=0.3$ (dotted curve), and $\mu=0.4$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F4-so}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F6.eps}
\caption{The solitary potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$, $\mu=0.3$, $\alpha=0.1$, $\sigma=0$ (solid curve),
$\sigma=0.2$ (dotted curve), and $\sigma=0.4$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F5-so}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F7.eps}
\caption{The solitary potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$,  $\mu=0.3$, $\sigma=0.1$, $\alpha=0.1$ (solid curve),
$\alpha=0.125$ (dotted curve), and $\alpha=0.15$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F6a-so}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F8.eps}
\caption{The solitary potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$,  $\mu=0.3$, $\sigma=0.1$, $\alpha=0.3$ (solid curve),
$\alpha=0.35$ (dotted curve), and $\alpha=0.4$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F6b-so}
\end{figure}
\section{Burgers Shock Waves}
\label{BSW}
To study Burgers shock waves in the dissipative electron-ion-PCD plasma system under consideration,
we first stretch the independent variables $x$ and $t$ as \cite{Deeba12,Mamun09,Mamun19}
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\zeta=\epsilon(x-{\cal V}_pt),
\label{str3}\\
&&\tau=\epsilon^{2}t.
\label{str4}
\end{eqnarray}
We  then expand the dependent variables $n_i$, $u_i$, and $\phi$ by (\ref{expand1}), (\ref{expand2}), and (\ref{expand3}), respectively. We again develop the equations in various powers of $\epsilon$. To the lowest-order approximation, we obtain a linear set of equations, which are given by (\ref{L1})$-$(\ref{L3}).

To the next higher order approximation, we obtain
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\hspace*{-10mm}\frac{\partial n_i^{(1)}}{\partial \tau}
-{\cal V}_p\frac{\partial n_i^{(2)}}{\partial\zeta}+\frac{\partial u_i^{(2)}}{\partial\zeta}+
\frac{\partial}{\partial\zeta}\left[n_i^{(1)}u_i^{(1)}\right]=0,
\label{NL4}\\
&&\hspace*{-10mm}\frac{\partial u_i^{(1)}}{\partial \tau}-{\cal V}_p\frac{\partial u_i^{(2)}}{\partial \zeta}+u_i^{(1)}\frac{\partial u_i^{(1)}}{\partial \zeta}=-\frac{\partial \phi^{(2)}}{\partial \zeta}-\sigma\frac{\partial n_i^{(2)}}{\partial \zeta}\nonumber\\
&&~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-\sigma n_i^{(1)}\frac{\partial n_i^{(1)}}{\partial \zeta}+\eta\frac{\partial^2 u_i^{(1)}} {\partial \zeta^2},
\label{NL5}\\
&&\hspace*{-10mm} 0=(1+\mu)(1-\beta)\phi^{(2)}+\frac{1}{2}(1+\mu)\left[{\phi^{(1)}}\right]^{2}-n_i^{(2)}.
\label{NL6}
\end{eqnarray}
We finally use (\ref{L1})$-$(\ref{L3}) and (\ref{NL4})$-$(\ref{NL6}) to obtain the Burgers equation in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
\frac{\partial\phi^{(1)}}{\partial
\tau}+ {\cal A} \phi^{(1)} \frac{\partial
\phi^{(1)}}{\partial \zeta} = {\cal C} \frac{\partial^2 \phi^{(1)}}{\partial
\zeta^2},
\label{Burgers}
\end{eqnarray}
where ${\cal A }$ (${\cal C}$) is the coefficient of nonlinearity (dissipation). The nonlinear coefficient ${\cal A}$ is by (\ref {A}), and the dissipative coefficient ${\cal C}$ is given by ${\cal C}=\eta/2$.
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F9.eps}
\caption{The shock potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$, $\sigma=0.1$, $\alpha=0.1$, $\eta=0.1$, $\mu=0.2$ (solid curve), $\mu=0.3$ (dotted curve), and $\mu=0.4$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F4-sh}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F10.eps}
\caption{The shock potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$, $\mu=0.3$, $\alpha=0.1$, $\eta=0.1$, $\sigma=0.1$ (solid curve), $\sigma=0.2$ (dotted curve), and $\sigma=0.3$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F5-sh}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htb]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F11.eps}
\caption{The shock potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$,  $\mu=0.3$, $\sigma=0.1$, $\eta=0.1$, $\alpha=0.1$ (solid curve), $\alpha=0.125$ (dotted curve), and $\alpha=0.15$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F6a-sh}
\end{figure}
\begin{figure}[htp]
\centering
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{F12.eps}
\caption{The shock potential profiles for ${\cal U}_0=0.1$,  $\mu=0.3$, $\sigma=0.1$, $\eta=0.1$, $\alpha=0.3$ (solid curve), $\alpha=0.35$ (dotted curve), and $\alpha=0.4$ (dashed curve).}
\label{F6b-sh}
\end{figure}
To obtain the stationary shock wave solution of the Burgers equation (\ref{Burgers}), we again consider a moving frame moving with the speed ${\cal U}_0$, i.e. $\xi=\zeta-{\cal U}_0\tau$, and impose the appropriate boundary conditions ($\phi^{(1)}\rightarrow 0$ and $d\phi^{(1)}/d\xi\rightarrow 0$ at $\xi\rightarrow \infty$). These assumptions lead to the stationary shock wave solution of the Burgers equation (\ref{Burgers}) in the form
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\phi^{(1)}=\phi^{(1)}_m\Big[1-\tanh\bigg(\frac{\xi}{\Delta}\bigg)\Big],
\label{Burgers-sol}
\end{eqnarray}
where $\phi^{(1)}_m$ is the amplitude and $\Delta$ is the width of the shock waves, are given by
\begin{eqnarray}
&&\phi^{(1)}_m=\frac{{\cal U}_0}{\cal A},~~{\rm and}~~\Delta=\frac{\eta}{{\cal U}_0}.
\label{amp-thick}
\end{eqnarray}
It is obvious from (\ref{Burgers-sol}) and (\ref{amp-thick}) with figures \ref{F1}-\ref{F3}  that the subsonic and supersonic shock waves are formed with $\phi>0$  ($\phi<0$) for ${\cal A}>0$ (${\cal A}<0$). It also clear that the width of the shock waves is directly (inversely) proportional to $\eta$ (${\cal U}_0$).  However, to observe how the basic features (polarity, amplitude, and width) of the shock waves are modified by the number density of the stationary PCD species (represented by the parameter $\mu$), the ion fluid temperature (represented by the parameter $\sigma$), and the nonthermal parameter $\alpha$ (representing the population of the fast or energetic  electrons), we have graphically represented (\ref{Burgers-sol}) for the different values of $\mu$,  $\sigma$, and $\alpha$.  The results are displayed in figures \ref{F4-sh}$-$\ref{F6b-sh}.

\section{Discussion}
\label{DIS}
The dusty plasma system (containing inertialess nonthermal electron, warm inertial ion, and stationary PCD species) is considered. The roles of the stationary PCD species, ion fluid temperature, and nonthermal electrons in the linear and nonlinear propagation of the long (compared to $\lambda_D$) wavelength MIA  waves in such a plasma system are identified.  They can be pointed as follows:
\begin{itemize}
\item{The phase speed  of the long  wavelength MIA waves decreases with the rise of the number density and charge of the  stationary  PCD species. This is due  to the reduction of the space charge electric field (caused by the PCD species) in the electric field of the MIA waves in which inertia is provided by the positive ion fluid.}

\item{The phase speed of the long wavelength  MIA waves increases with the increase in the ion fluid temperature as well as in the fraction of the energetic electrons.  This is due  to the enhancement of the space charge electric field (caused by the more flexibility of the ion fluid and by the excess energy of
the energetic/fast particles) in the electric field of the MIA waves in which restoring force comes from the electron species.}

\item{The possibility for the formation of  the subsonic solitary and shock waves increases with the rise of the number density and charge of the stationary PCD species, since the latter reduces the phase speed  to its values of the subsonic range. But, this possibility decreases with the rise of the ion fluid temperature and with the rise of the fraction of the
fast/energetic electrons since the latter enhance the phase speed to the supersonic range.}

\item{The possibility for the formation of  the subsonic solitary and shock waves with negative potential  increases with the rise of  the fraction of the fast/energetic electrons. But this possibility decreases with the rise of the number density and charge of the stationary PCD species  as well as  with  the rise of the ion fluid temperature.}

\item{The amplitude of the solitary and shock waves decreases with rise of the values of number density and charge of the PCD species and with the ion fluid temperature, but increases with the increase in the faction of the fast/energetic electrons. The amplitude of the solitary waves is three times larger than that of the shock waves, but the nature of the variation of the shock and solitary wave amplitude are identical since the nonlinear coefficient in KDV and Burgers equations are identical.}

\item{The width of the solitary waves increases with rise of the values of the number density and charge of the PCD species and with the ion fluid temperature, but decreases with  the increase in the fraction of the fast/energetic electrons. }
\end{itemize}
It is important to mention that to derive KDV equation, we use the stretched or rescaled co-ordinates \cite{Washimi66}, which is valid only when the effect of dissipation is negligible in comparison with that of the dispersion, and that to derive Burgers equation, we use the stretched or rescaled co-ordinates \cite{Mamun09}, which is valid only when the effect of dispersion is negligible in comparison with that of the dissipation. We have used the reductive perturbation method with these KDV \cite{Washimi66} and Burgers \cite{Mamun09} stretching to derive the KDV and Burgers equations, respectively.

The limitation of the reductive perturbation method is that it is not valid for the arbitrary amplitude solitary and shock waves. To overcome this limitation, one has to develop a numerical code to simulate the basic equations (\ref{MIA-b1})$-$(\ref{MIA-b3}). This type of numerical simulation  will be able to show the time evolution of arbitrary amplitude solitary and shock waves.  This is, of  course, a challenging research problem, but beyond the scope of our present work. However, the results of our present work should be useful in understanding the ion-acoustic disturbances  in different space (viz. Earth's mesosphere \cite{Havnes96,Gelinas98,Mendis04},  upper part of ionosphere \cite{Dovner94,Cairns95}, cometary tails \cite{Horanyi96,Mamun04}, Jupiter's surroundings \cite{Tsintikidis96}, Jupiter's magnetosphere \cite{Horanyi93}, noctilucent clouds \cite{Markus99-NLCs}, etc.) and laboratory  \cite{Khrapak01,Fortov03,Davletov18} dusty plasma systems, where the PCD species coexists with the electron-ion plasmas.

Barkan {\it et al.} \cite{Barkan96} have performed a laboratory experiment on the propagation of the MIA waves in plasma system containing electron, ion, and negatively charged dust (NCD) species, and have shown that the presence of NCD species enhances the phase speed of the MIA waves. This experimental setup of Barkan {\it et al.} \cite{Barkan96} is expected to verify our result that the presence of the PCD species reduces the phase speed of the MIA waves by using PCD species instead of NCD species. On the other hand, Nakamura {\it et al.} \cite{Nakamura01,Nakamura99} have performed two laboratory experiments on the formation of solitary \cite{Nakamura01} and shock \cite{Nakamura99} waves in electron-ion-NCD plasmas. The basic features of the solitary and shock waves predicted in our present investigation can be tested by the experimental setup of Nakamura {\it et al.}  \cite{Nakamura01,Nakamura99} by replacing the NCD species by the PCD species.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


text:
Why is Governor Cuomo Returning Weinstein's Money But Keeping Loeb's?
New York's political world was rocked recently by revelations that Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein, a major donor to Governor Andrew Cuomo and other top New York Democrats, had a long and sordid history of predatory sexual harassment -- and possibly sexual assault -- of women.
Initially Gov. Cuomo balked at giving back the $111,400 in contributions he had received from Weinstein. But a few days later, after Mayor Bill de Blasio called on all elected officials to return

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Does the film industry have a woman problem? From the outside it may not seem so evident, but when you look a little closer, and start to read more articles from people inside the industry about how it is biased toward females from almost every angle, you start to become a little depressed.
Don't worry, we believe the more celebrities and film industry executives raise their voices about these problems, and the more the media shares these messages, collectively we will chip away at the issue. Audiences are not the problem, it is clear they are more than happy to spend their dollars on films featuring female protagonists such as 'The Hunger Games' (the first and second installments of this franchise were the highest selling films at the box office in 2013 and 2014) or those directed by women such as 'Pitch Perfect 2' (directed by Elizabeth Banks which in its first weekend outsold the first installment, and beat the 'Entourage' film at the box office which was released that same weekend – NBD).
There are so many women in Hollywood determined to change the uneven statistics when it comes to female representation in the film industry. And we're not just talking about on-screen either. In fact that is probably the least of the problems at hand. It all starts at the top. If the majority of executives, producers, directors and writers are men, do you think they are going to be able to write stories featuring complex female protagonists 50% of the time? Of course they're going to be better at writing roles and films for men.
It's not the fault of these men either, as Geena Davis, creator of the Geena Davis Institute on Gender in Media and the Bentonville Film Festival, has said in an interview before. It is the system that was set up to favor men decades ago when they did make up the majority of the workforce, and has remained to this day because it makes money and it works. Now that we are beginning to see that films made by and starring women ALSO make money, it is time to change the system.
It will take both an academic and practical approach. From an academic standpoint, it is about seeing where the inequality stems from, and understanding the statistics. One woman who has taken this road is British actress, designer and producer Sadie Frost. She has been in the film and fashion world for quite some time, having worked with her ex-husband Jude Law on a number of films, and also creating her own clothing line Frost French.
She recently completed a Masters Degree where she researched the sometimes difficult careers of female film-makers. After her studies, she embarked on producing a film out of her production company, Blonde to Black Pictures, called 'Buttercup Bill'. As a result of some of the difficult issues she learned of during her studies, she deliberately set about ensuring 80% of this film's crew were female – that in itself is almost unheard of in the film industry!
One of the of the biggest factors affecting female filmmakers was having a family.
"For the MA I interviewed some top female producers about how being a mother and a woman affected their careers. Some said it doesn't make any difference if you're a man or woman. Others said: 'It's absolutely affected my career and the decisions I've made'," reported the Guardian.
"Yes, things have changed. But the fact is, if you are a mother and you maybe have one or two children … you're less likely to go on and do a second or third feature," she added. It's unfortunate that we live in a world where in many areas, women are forced to choose between a career and having a family, and no matter which route they choose, there is criticism.
Sadie has 4 children with ex-husband Jude Law and after taking a break after the birth of their first at age 24, she was told she was "too old" and would never "make it" because she chose to take time off.
Part of her new perspective includes helping women break out of the stereotypical roles they occupy in film, and allow them to be seen as equally represented in more typically "masculine" roles like producing and directing.
A report out of Britain last year revealed that women accounted for only 23% of crew members on the 2,000 highest-grossing films of the past 20 years. Just 5% of the directors were women. In the UK women only account for 8% of directors in film and TV. In Hollywood, the numbers don't exactly zoom toward equality.
An eye-opening infographic shows that over the past 5 years, only 4.7% of films released by a major studio were directed by women. Interestingly, the role that women are best represented in behind the scenes is producing. A study by San Diego University found that women make up 23% of producers in Hollywood. How do these low numbers affect what we see on screen?
"Film is a major way in which we talk about ourselves as a society. If we have a select group of people telling the stories, we are influencing our culture that way," said Stephen Follows, the man whose British study we referenced above.
Kate Kinninmont, Chief Executive of Women in Film & Television UK says the people who are in charge of what we see on TV and in film directly affect how we view the world as a result.
"It is to do with people being aware," Sadie Frost added, something which she has certainly become after her studies and her new-found mission.
If we need any further proof that this is a battle even for women at the top of the A-list, take a look at some recent comments made by two very popular actresses in different mediums.
'Game of Throness' actress Maisie Williams who plays the sword-wielding tomboy Arya Stark complained in a recent interview that there is a huge need for better roles for women. The 18 year old, who landed the role of a lifetime at the mere age of 12, says her experience so far in the industry has made here aware of the lack of interesting parts for women.
"There are a lot of roles that come in that are 'the girlfriend' or 'the hot piece' in a movie or TV series. That's something I've seen first-hand and read all the time. It will say 'Derek: intelligent, good with kids, funny, really good at this' and then it will say 'Sandra: hot in a sort of cute way' — and that's all you get. That's the way your character is described, so going into an audition you are channeling 'hot', which isn't like a person, that's not who a person is. That's what I see and that's what needs to change. I've been lucky enough to play a very great female character from a young age, who is a fantastic role model for girls," she said.
One of her solutions lies with actresses and the choice not to take those roles.
Over in Hollywood, Academy Award-winning actress Sandra Bullock has also come up against this female character road block, and if Sandy's feeling the heat, then we KNOW there is a problem! In an interview with Entertainment Weekly about her new film 'Our Brand is Crisis' where she plays lead character Jane Bodine who is a political strategist, she explained the unusual way she came to land this interesting role.
"About two and a half years ago I put out feelers saying, 'I'm not reading anything I'm excited about, are there any male roles out there that [the filmmakers] don't mind switching to female?'," she said.
It turns out George Clooney and his producing partner Grant Heslov were developing a drama loosely based on the 2005 documentary called 'Our Brand is Crisis' which tells the story of a group of American political consultants hired by former Bolivian president Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada to help him get reelected. The lead role of the political strategist was originally intended to go to George Clooney. After Sandy reached out to her old 'Gravity' co-star, him and his partner decided to flip the gender of the lead role and give it to her.
If it's that easy why doesn't Hollywood do this more often? It's yet another solution that the Geena Davis Institute has outlined as an easy way to change the ratio of roles that go to women in film.
"Our conversation starter: Why the hell isn't anyone writing decent (female) roles for Sandra Bullock?" asks Clark Collis at EW, and we'd also like to know the answer!
So now that we have seen the effect of the academic point of view on Sadie Frost, as well as the practical perspective from Maisie Williams, Sandra Bullock and let's be honest countless other women in the industry worldwide, we hope we start to see a huge increase in female writers, producers, directors and filmmakers.


text:
Kowale (dodatkowa nazwa w j. kaszub. Kòwôle) – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie pomorskim, w powiecie kartuskim, w gminie Sierakowice.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa gdańskiego.

Przed 2023 r. miejscowość była miejscowością podstawową typu osada.

Z kart historii
W wieku XIX opisano Kowale jako wieś włościańską w powiecie gdańskim, położoną przy  trakcie bitym  kościerako-gdańskim, w odległości 1 mili od Gdańska. Wieś posiadała  1840 mórg obszaru. Mieszkańców wyznania rzymskokatolickiego 135, ewangelickiego 152. Gburów  było 7, zagrodników 1. Parafia własna św. Wojciecha, szkoła w Bąkowie, poczta Gdańsk. Kowale jako terytorium Gdańska występują w źródłach od 1454 roku, w wojnach i oblężeniach często niszczone, W roku 1772, kiedy to Prusy zajęły  niektóre majątki Gdańska, oddzielone od terytorium miasta tworząc oddzielną miejscowość.

Od końca I wojny światowej wieś ponownie znajdowała się w granicach Polski (powiat kartuski). Do 1 września 1939 roku była polską miejscowością graniczną.

Zobacz też
 Gowidlino
 Łyśniewo Sierakowickie
 Puzdrowo

Przypisy

Kowale (powiat kartuski)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Add Internet to your next project with an adorable, bite-sized WiFi microcontroller, at a price you like! The ESP8266 processor from Espressif is an 80 MHz microcontroller with a full WiFi front-end (both as client and access point) and TCP/IP stack with DNS support as well. While this chip has been very popular, it's also been very difficult to use. Most of the low cost modules are not breadboard friendly, don't have an onboard 500mA 3.3V regulator or level shifting, and aren't CE or FCC emitter certified....UNTIL NOW!
Each module comes pre-loaded with NodeMCU's Lua interpreter (NodeMCU 0.9.5 build 20150318 / Lua 5.1.4 to be specific), you can run commands, and 'save' Lua programs directly to the module's Flash using a USB-Serial converter cable.
But, if you'd like, you can skip Lua and go direct to using the Arduino IDE. Once you download the ESP8266 core, you can treat it just like a microcontroller+WiFi board, no other processors needed!
Each order comes with one assembled and tested HUZZAH ESP8266 breakout board, and a stick of 0.1" header that you can solder on and plug the breakout into a breadboard. A soldering iron and solder is required for that, and aren't included. You'll also need a USB-serial cable such as a USB console cable (Windows only), FTDI Friend (any OS), or FTDI cable (any OS) to upload software to the HUZZAH ESP8266!
This guide was first published on Apr 24, 2015. It was last updated on Apr 24, 2015. This page (Overview) was last updated on Apr 18, 2019.


Hey guys i just got my first muscle car, it is a 1972 Dodge Demon, this car is real solid and there are already the right mods done for drag racing. This car has a roll cage, hollowed doors, fiberglass fenders and bumpers. Also strange 35 spline axles, 4.86 richmond gear, and a spool. Super stock springs with a pinion snubber. The engine i am building for the car is a mild 318 with a 4 speed bolted to it. Let me know what you think, Thanks Shawn.
You will enjoy this site. Great people and information!


text:
Q: When I JSON.stringify(object) I get a crazy string as a value When I send an object with an array of objects in it from my express route to my client, I get an [Object object] and then when I try to stringify it, I get this crazy string with this console message
var messages = "<%=(JSON.stringify(messages))%>"
console.log(messages)

Which prints this out to the console ...
{"messages":[{"content":"cool mane","creator":"joe"},{"content":"test 4","creator":"joe"},{"content":" ewgdqf","creator":"joe"},

It should be something so I can iterate through it by doing
messages[0].content but I'm getting this crazy string that won't let me do anything with it...
If I try to loop through it, it just prints out each character by itself.

A: When using <%= ... %>, EJS will encode / escape any output. That's why the " in the JSON are encoded as ". According to this answer, you can prevent escaping by using <%- ... %> instead.
There is also no need to put the output inside a string literal. It's actually bad since you can get problems with nested quotes. Just let it output directly into the JS code:
var messages = <%-JSON.stringify(messages)%>;

A: Try to change this :
var messages = "<%=(JSON.stringify(messages))%>"
console.log(messages)

With this :
var messages = JSON.stringify("<%=messages%>");
console.log(messages)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Karl Serlachius, född omkring 1693, död 1754 eller 1755, var en svensk vitterhetsidkare. Han var brorson till Johannes Serlachius.

Serlachius vistades någon tid i Göteborg, sedan i Hamburg och slutligen i Stockholm, där han uppehöll sig som "hovrättsadvokat". Han utgav några medelmåttiga diktsamlingar i den lohensteinska skolans stil.

Källor

Svenska jurister
Svenska poeter
Svenskspråkiga poeter
Svenska författare under 1700-talet
Födda 1690-talet
Avlidna 1750-talet
Män
Ugglan


A mask that lavishes the skin with a complete regenerating and nourishing process. Cream Mask Smooth 100 promotes cell detoxification, which has a regenerating effect on the stem cells. Collagen fibers are strengthened, preventing skin sagging and wrinkle formation. The skin's ability to produce hyaluronan is boosted, allowing the skin to retain moisture more effectively. The skin appears significantly smoothed and renewed.
A perfectly harmonized addition to the daily skin care regimen.


text:
Home › Privacy
CustOMER Privacy is vitally important to us.
Here are a few general points of principle that we'd like to make clear:
+ Personal Information Does Not Travel Outside REMO World
We regard the relationship between REMO and CustOMER to be absolutely private and sacred. For this reason we would never share, rent, sell or divulge your personal information to any individual or organisation outside the REMO General Store.
+ Community Involvement is Voluntary
The true essence of REMO is the collective intelligence and passion of its CustOMERs. The feeling is that the exclusive access to a global community of like-minded people will be as valuable to any member of that community as access to the portfolio of merchandise around which that community has gathered and focused. Therefore, the more that you publicly contribute (in terms of ideas, thoughts & opinions) using your Facebook Profile ~ the more that everyone in the community benefits. Having said this, we also respect that many of you will prefer to remain anonymous. (Hey, some people just want to buy the merchandise.) And that's fine too :)
+ Your REMO General Store Account v. Your Facebook Profile
The information we keep for and about you in the backend our new system is very basic i.e. name, email address, delivery addresses & order history. In contrast to our previous website, there is no public profile of you on the REMO website. In terms of your comments about our merchandise or interactions with one another, we're leaving that to Facebook moving forward. (The world has moved on since we developed all of our home grown functionality :) One won't need to be on Facebook to be a REMO CustOMER; but, to the extent that you seek to engage socially with our website (leaving comments, rating products, sharing, liking, wanting, voting, etc.) ... you will from now on be doing so using your Facebook identity. Easy.
+ Our Mailing List
We send weekly emails to CustOMERs all over the world. Sometimes there's news to deliver; sometimes there's inspiration to share; sometimes there's a deal on offer ... and sometimes it's just to chat. Most people find them interesting ... and you can unsubscribe at any time.
All of Us at REMO


우리는 중국에서 화학 생성 장비 제조 업체 및 공급 업체 / 공장 전문화되어 있습니다. 화학 생성 장비 중 하나 인 Nanjing Ligong Shuifu Environmental Protection Technology Co.,Ltd. 중국 유명 브랜드 중 하나 인 저렴한 가격 / 저렴한 가격으로 고품질의 화학 생성 장비 도매업.
Wholesale 화학 생성 장비 from China, Need to find cheap 화학 생성 장비 as low price but leading manufacturers. Just find high-quality brands on 화학 생성 장비 produce factory, You can also feedback about what you want, start saving and explore our 화학 생성 장비, We'll reply you in fastest.


Eurotours is the perfect partner for group travel of any kind. Even the most demanding customers profit from the specially created packages which are planned down to the very last detail from a single source. From the moment you arrive until the time to say farewell!
We also organize holidays for companies and associations. No matter whether it is a group of ten or several hundred people wanting to travel together. A 48-hour city break, a week sunbathing by the sea or a cultural trip to one of Europe's exhibition highlights: thanks to our excellent planning, meticulous organisation and perfect implementation, we know how to successfully stage every group or incentive trip.
Our portfolio includes a great range of ready-made study tours, adventure holidays and special interest tours, which can all be specially adapted to suit the exact requirements of our business partners. Under our group portal www.eurotours-gruppenreisen.at/en partners will find a selection of tours throughout the whole of Europe – from excursions for companies and associations, team-building and incentive trips, to group travel for senior citizens.
Our all-round service package means you are in the very best of hands: everything from a single source from the travel itinerary to the reservation, operation and accounting. The fact that we can offer very attractive conditions, as well as availability for large groups, means that we are an expert in our field.
You are in search of surprising experiences and want to delight your guests with perfect organisation? Our group experts are at home in the whole of Europe and have lots of insider tips. Highly professional tour escorts make sure that everything runs smoothly at the destination. Our major concern: to provide our customers with the best possible products and services.


Genre-bending is a dicey proposition, as it can either lead to a great film or an utter disaster. When it works, like with Scott Pilgrim vs. The World, it can create a worthwhile experience that affects audiences in many ways. When it doesn't work, it can make a disastrous concoction of tones that never come together.
Trying to perfect that mixture is the latest indie Colossal, which has become one of this year's most talked about flicks. The film follows Gloria, an out-of-work party girl who goes back home after breaking up with her boyfriend. Once home, she discovers she has a connection to a giant creature that is causing destruction in Seoul.
Colossal is admirably ambitious in plot and themes, and while its execution can be a bit messy, its an undeniably rewarding experience.
Carrying the film on her shoulders is Anne Hathaway, who gives a career-best performance as Gloria. Hathaway brings the complicated character to life in a naturalistic way, while still featuring her signature charm. It's refreshing to see Hathaway play a character with such complexities, as she unpacks the character's baggage with honesty and sincerity.
Surrounding Hathaway is a talented supporting cast. Jason Sudeikis is usually the charming slacker, but plays a fascinating variation of that character type. Sudeikis proves to have some dramatic chops, delivering a dark, but thankfully grounded performance. Tim Blake Nelson, Dan Stevens, and Austin Stowell are also good.
Credit is due to writer and director Nacho Vigalondo for making a film unlike any other. Attempting to create a monster film in a more human scale, Vigalondo is able to pull off a lot on a relatively minuscule budget. The monsters themselves obviously aren't groundbreaking, but there is a charm to their simplistic look. He also takes a lot of daring risks with his script, especially taking these characters in some interesting directions.
Thankfully, most these risks work. The film is essentially one big metaphor for the demons of addiction and abuse and overcoming them, with that metaphor being both effective in the story and as a point of exploration the characters. There are some surprisingly emotional moments that are effective without being too broad. Vigalondo deserves a lot of credit for giving even the seemingly villainous characters some sense of humanity, as well as taking some interesting twists on genre tropes.
With Vigalondo ambitiously pursuing a lot of ideas, some of the execution can feel a bit messy. The film does have some successful comedic moments, but as the tone of the film gets darker, the comedy begins to feel more jarring and troublesome. At 110 minutes long, the film is also a good ten minutes too long, with the middle act in particular having some dead spots.
Story-wise, there are some details that leave room for improvement. The monster part of the story is mostly successful, but a lot of the background of why this is happening ends up being half-baked. Some of the key story nuances this film ended up not making much sense and left me feeling slightly unsatisfied.
Colossal is a memorably odd film, successfully able to execute its audacious premise through fantastic performances and a thoughtful script. Let's hope more filmmakers continue to take big risks like this in the future.


Cable Time is an authorized independent retailer of DISH. Cable Time offices are located at 89 Trinity Lane, Rainsville, AL 35986 and can be reached by phone at (256) 638-3474. DISH and DISH Network logos are registered trademarks and/or service marks of DISH Network L.L.C. and/or its affiliate(s). The DISH Network trademarks and/or service marks are used by authority of DISH Network L.L.C. and/or its applicable affiliate(s).


text:
Headline By Mason DePatie 257 Views
Who is contracting COVID-19 in Manitoba and how does it compare to the rest of Canada?
WINNIPEG -
As COVID-19 cases start to spike in many provinces amid the fourth wave, provincial data shows the majority of new cases in Manitoba come from unvaccinated individuals.
In Manitoba, there were 217 new cases from Monday-Friday; 144 or 66.3 per cent of them were not fully vaccinated.
Data released by the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC) this week shows the rate of new cases in the country is 12 times higher among the unvaccinated than fully vaccinated individuals.
As of Friday, 82.5 per cent of eligible Manitobans have at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine and 77.3 percent have both doses.
According to PHAC, more than 84 per cent of eligible Canadians had received at least one dose as of Aug. 28, and 77 per cent were fully vaccinated.
COVID-19 CASES BY AGE
In the province, the highest number of total cases is in the 20-29 age range, with around 11,800 Manitobans in the age bracket contracting COVID-19.
The next highest age range is 30-39, with around 9,600 people in the range testing positive. The 10-19 and 40-49 age ranges fall shortly behind with around 8,000 cases each.
According to national data released Sept. 3, Canadians less than 19 years old make up 18.6 per cent of the cases in the country. That number is significantly less than in Manitoba, where people under 19 account for a quarter of the cases.
The 20-29 age range in Manitoba is similar to the national rate, with cases in the bracket making up 20 per cent of the total case count.
Manitoba then trails the national data in each of the older age ranges by a few percentage points.
National numbers, however, are trending toward younger ages.
On the eve of the Labour Day weekend, chief public health officer Dr. Theresa Tam took aim at young adults, describing an "urgent need" for more people between the ages of 18 and 39 to get vaccinated in order to prevent a rapid worsening of Canada's COVID-19 situation.
"The moment you get people back indoors … we will see accelerations," she said at a Friday news conference.
In addition, Tam said, those younger adults "continue to have the highest rates of infection," in part because they are more likely to have close contact with people outside their household for work-related or recreational reasons.
VARIANTS OF CONCERN
Variants of concern continue to be the major driver of COVID-19 cases in Manitoba.
As of Friday, variants of concern now account for 17,530 cases in the province.
While half of the cases (50.08 per cent) remain unspecified, the Alpha variant (B.1.1.7) makes up 41.29 per cent of the variant of concern cases and the Delta variant makes up 6.56 percent.
Of Manitoba's 17,530 total variants of concern cases, 245 are considered active and 17,091 have recovered. There have been 194 deaths linked to variants of concern.


text:
39 Light Years: Part Two
astrobiology, astronomy, sciart, science fiction
Shared Ecosystems
NB: This is a speculative piece.
For 39 years images and data have been streaming across space. A small flotilla of missions to the TRAPPIST-1 system has begun transmittting. Seven small rocky worlds, all at least nominally Earthlike have drawn their share of attention over the decades. They huddle tightly around an angry little red dwarf star, somewhere in the Aquarius constellation.
Some of these planets sit within the habitable zone of TRAPPIST-1, that sweet spot where the temperature is just right: the proverbial bowl of porridge. Just right for what?
For water to exist in liquid form on the surface. And some of these worlds are very watery. Long ago the James Webb Space Telescope spotted water and indications of seasonal change on several of these worlds. Spectroscopic analysis enabled us to see these worlds with different eyes.
The missions now assigning themselves to various locales in this system show us a family of worlds possibly bearing life. TRAPPIST-1e is the prime target, but each world has a story to tell.
First approach showed us a red planet, with signs of vigorous atmospheric activity. There appears to be a purple tinge to the four large landmasses straddling this globe.
This purple haze is a striking feature of the planet. It may be due to native organisms using a photosynthetic pigment such as retinal. This protein may have been employed by early photosynthesisers on earth. Chlorophyll may have been a later card to be added to the deck.
Aerial observations
TRAPPIST-1e appears to possess a diverse set of environments. Overall, it is a temperate world, and any life does struggle with sometimes extreme solar flare activity from TRAPPIST-1 .
Dust storms are a feature of TRAPPIST- 1e. In the above image a drone has spotted one such dust storm on the horizon as it flies over a large inland body of water. It is twilight in this image.
The TRAPPIST-1 worlds are close. The orbits of all seven planets would fit within the orbit of Mercury back home.
Traces of green can be noticed on the slopes of this extinct volcano. TRAPPIST-1 is believed to be ancient: on the order of eight to ten billion years. It's family of seven worlds may have seen life arise more than once. This may have happened on our own world, with an enigmatic array of creatures known generically as Ediacarans appearing before the more conventional forms we see today.
The proximity of the TRAPPIST-1 planets presents an opportunity for researchers to observe lithopanspermia. The Swedish chemist Svante Arrhenius was one of the earliest scientists to suggest that life or it's building blocks could travel from world to world, hitching a ride on moving objects such as comets or asteroids. Lithopanspermia builds on this. It's a big idea, and observations on several of the TRAPPIST-1 worlds is showing us something we've only speculated on. Life travels between worlds, carried by rocks sent into space by impacts and volcanic eruptions.
Were a visitor to be admiring the sunset on, say, TRAPPIST-1d, they'd be in for a treat.
In this system, life is not restricted to one world. Here, an ecosystem interconnected by space borne life has given rise to an interplanetary ecosystem.
Next time, we visit a frozen world that may be hiding it's own life, far beyond the habitable zone of TRAPPIST-1.
Read some other posts and tell me what you think! Also, please do me a favour and check out my YouTube channel:
All images: Ben Roberts
October 31, 2018 October 31, 2018 The AstroBiological Tagged alien life, astrobiology, astronomy, exoplanets, extraterrestrial, panspermia, planets, red dwarf, sciart, scicomm, science, scifi, space, space exploration, TRAPPIST-1	Leave a comment
The Lost Moon
astrobiology, astronomy, sciart, scicomm, solar system
Boom. Image: Ben Roberts
The moon is one thing we all have in common. I've always loved looking up at it. Whether it's from a religious, mythological or scientific perspective, Luna holds a powerful mystique regardless. The story of the moon is written into the story of life itself.
What does the colossal impact taking place in the above picture have to do with the moon? Because it's likely the moon formed via a process of accretion.
Around four and a half billion years ago, earth itself had only just coalesced from a cloud of gases and dust that eventually gave rise to the entire system.
Image: Ben Roberts
Earth is believed to have formed without a moon. In fact earth as we know it today formed as a result of the moon.
Picture this. Earth is newly formed. It's a toxic planet with vast tracts of it's surface covered by a magma ocean.
From the outer solar system it comes. An object roughly the size of mars slams into Earth 1.0. The object has been named Theia. This impact is catastrophic, essentially tearing away the outer surface of our world.
Where does all of this crust go? Into space, forming a ring around the newly resurfaced earth. It is this ring, consisting of the fragmentary remains of both our world and Theia, that will accrete to form the moon.
That's the moon in a nutshell. It's influence on the course of life has been fundamental, with a critical role in climate and seasonality via the key role it plays in tides. For over four billion years the moon has stared down upon the world, seeing the march of life with all of it's ups and downs.
Has the moon itself been lifeless all this time? It's been our closest neighbour for practically forever. We have always thought of the moon as a dead, hostile place. Today it certainly is. With no atmosphere to speak of, negligible water and lethal solar radiation bombarding it's surface, the consensus of opinion is that the moon is completely devoid of life.
Image Credit: NASA/GSFC/Arizona State University
But it may not always have been like this.
It may be a stretch, but several studies have suggested that at least for a time the moon may have been at least habitable. Perhaps not an oasis of life, but a place that could harbour it.
The moon may not quite have looked like this, but volcanic activity (seen on the limb) would definitely have contributed atmosphere. Images: Ben Roberts
How is this viable? As noted, we all know the moon is hostile to all life. However, the moon is now an inert world, devoid of any geological activity.
Once, though, the moon was anything but inactive. In the period after the moons formation, around four billion years ago it was highly volcanically active.
A habitable moon more likely looked something like this. Image: Ben Roberts
Intense volcanism can be a source of atmospheric gases. This is definitely a factor on earth. Many atmospheric gases, including several trace greenhouse gases are pumped into our skies by volcanoes. Greenhouse gases are pivotal in regulating climate on earth. On the moon all those billions of years ago, volcanoes may have done something similar, bulking up the lunar atmosphere and enabling this tiny world to retain some heat. In addition, a thick atmosphere provided protection against solar radiation and an environment amenable to liquid water. Water is, as we know, crucial to all life on earth. "Follow the water" is one of the central catch cries of astrobiology. Find water, the reasoning goes, and life may be there.
This isn't always the case though. Water exists almost everywhere in the solar system. There is even water vapour on the sun! There is plenty of water on the moon, locked up as ice in several craters in permanent darkness.
How would all this water have arrived on the moon? Prevailing theory regarding the origins of earth's water held that much of it was delivered by cometary impacts. This is certainly reasonable. Recent discoveries though hint at vast reservoirs of water locked up deep within the planet itself. Water may be replenished over the eons by outgassing from volcanoes for example. This could have happened on the moon. Several studies of lunar composition have demonstrated that there may be similarly vast amounts of water locked up within the moons core. The ancient moon may have gained a thick watery atmosphere from centuries of volcanic activity partially terraforming it.
So, to put a long story short, water by itself is no guarantee of habitability. The moon, however, may once have been a very different place. With a thick atmosphere providing protection from cosmic rays and allowing pools of liquid water to form, life could have quite easily gained a foothold there. Most likely this life was in the form of unicellular organisms which may have arrived via lithopanspermia. This is a process whereby worlds at close proximity can exchange life or it's building blocks via impact or volcanic ejecta.
Lithopanspermia: is it a thing? Image: Ben Roberts
This very concept is being applied to crowded systems of exoplanets such as the TRAPPIST-1 system, and is an exciting avenue to explore. In such a system, the possibility of interplanetary ecosystems could exist! This is, of course, very theoretical, but damn what an interesting idea!
What do you think? Was the moon ever habitable?
While you're at it, check out my tiny little YouTube channel, giving you the universe in plain human!
October 24, 2018 October 24, 2018 The AstroBiological Tagged alien life, astrobiology, astronomy, moon, panspermia, planet formation, sciart, scicomm, science, subsurface ocean, TRAPPIST-1, water	2 Comments
39 Light Years: Part One
astrobiology, astronomy, sciart, scicomm, science fiction
Image: Ben Roberts. Produced with Universe Sandbox
Sometime in the early 2000s, this place was still a speck of data in some astronomers brain. The announcement of a system of seven earth-sized planets was pretty big. The further revelation of three of those worlds sitting within their stars habitable zone was the icing on the cake.
As the first intelligent explorers approach TRAPPIST-1e, we present to you these images: the culmination of decades of waiting, hoping that return transmissions from the TRAPPIST-1 mission wouldn't get lost in interstellar space. There were those who worried that anything beamed back by the missions wouldn't even make it out of the system. TRAPPIST-1 is a red dwarf star: a tiny relic of a thing but incredibly ancient. Age estimates range from 8 to 12 billion years old. Red dwarf stars tend to be nasty little suckers, and TRAPPIST-1 is no exception. Extreme solar flare activity sometimes hits the system, as the parent star has a tantrum. Communication from the system is nothing short of a miracle. Nevertheless, here are some of the better images we've managed to glean from the stream of data being sent back. Thirty nine years worth. Thirty nine years of waiting.
Approach: A New Red Planet
The very first direct images of TRAPPIST-1 and it's rocky retinue were messy little blobs of pixels.
Of course, many exoplanets (and exomoons) had been imaged directly using a variety of techniques. The use of coronagraphs to scrape together images from points of light across impossible distances was revealing new vistas for a long time. The following image was taken all the way back in 2004:
A disc of debris around the red dwarf star AU Microscopii. Image: Hubblesite.org
Of course, progress marched on, and as missions approached the system the world waited for new images. A first blurry image sped across the galactic neighbourhood:
A TRAPPIST-1 planet caught in transit across the host star. The faded object to left of centre is an artifact of the imaging process.
This image was a first test. As the mission approached the system, we began seeing more. High quality imaging was held off until final approach, in the interests of energy efficiency.
An infrared and monochromatic direct light image, taken from a distance of approximately 11 AU. Images: Ben Roberts
TRAPPIST-1e was waiting for us.
Imaging of exoplanets is explored in a new video, presenting the concept of coronagraphy. Help astrobiology reach the world (this and others) by checking it out. Subscribe and share if you like.
This post is the first of a series taking us on a trip to a real alien world, and speculating on just what it could be like, using real world astrobiology. I hope you like it!
October 20, 2018 October 20, 2018 The AstroBiological Tagged astrobiology, astronomy, creativity, exoplanets, extraterrestrial, planets, red dwarf, science, scifi, space, space exploration, TRAPPIST-1	Leave a comment
The Last Ecosystem
astrobiology, sciart, scicomm
Fragments of ancient life, spotted by explorers in a new system..
I've been working on some more astrobiology art. It's taken on a life of its own, and I have to say, I'm paying more attention to these images than my YouTube channel!
I've been enamoured lately of dead or dying worlds. A recent video on my channel talked about the amazing possibility of limestone fragments orbiting the white dwarf star SDSSJ1043+0855. Ever since reading of this it's captured my imagination. The notion that life has existed long ago, possibly before life began on earth bears thinking about.
Limestone is a mineral produced primarily by organisms which produce shells, using a matrix that incorporates calcium carbonate. In the early days of multicellularity, as the predator-prey paradigm took hold of Darwinian evolution, an ancestor of today's molluscs discovered how to make use of an upsurge in calcium levels in the oceans. It used it to produce a protective suit of armour. This trick was so successful that molluscs became incredibly abundant. So abundant, in fact, that their remains ended up as vast deposits of limestone.
To the present day.
Using spectroscopy, the three elements that comprise calcium carbonate: carbon, oxygen and calcium have been detected in the upper atmosphere of this particular white dwarf. By themselves they aren't a smoking gun. It's also fair to point out that limestone can form abiotically. Limestone deposits in subterranean caves are one example. However, the vast majority of limestone on earth is biologically produced.
The "limestone" orbiting this star is believed to be embedded in the fragments of a large rocky object. We know nothing about this world, only that it probably existed and (possibly) limestone comprised part of it. Is it a fossil, spotted across the light years by modern humans? How long ago did this world harbour life? White dwarf stars (which aren't technically stars! Find out why here) have been discovered which are nearly as old as the universe.
Earth is 4.6 billion years old. What of the world currently being torn up by the immense gravity of this white dwarf?
Dead worlds could be scattered across the galaxy.
It would be interesting to look forward and see how our own world eventually will die. For now, this white dwarf star and it's companions are a way to look ahead at what may befall us. It's believed that eventually the earth will become incapable of supporting life, as the sun begins to undergo senescence billions of years from now. What iterations will the terrestrial biosphere take over such a vast stretch of time? Will life start over? Are these "fossil" fragments within this unnamed rocky world pieces of its last ecosystems?
What will the last ecosystem on earth be?
October 19, 2018 October 19, 2018 The AstroBiological Tagged astrobiology, astronomy, exoplanets, extraterrestrial, fossils, natural philosophy, nature, palaeontology, planets, ponderings, sciart, scicomm, science	Leave a comment
Sailed the Ocean Blue
astrobiology, astronomy, scicomm
It's been estimated that a good percentage of planets beyond our solar system may be water worlds.
We here on mother Earth like to think of our blue green marble as a water world. Indeed it is watery, and water is pretty much the reason anything lives here at all. That's why astrobiologists naturally seek signs of water on exoplanets. "Follow the Water" is a central tenet in the search for extraterrestrial life.
But compared to some worlds, earth really isn't that waterlogged at all. It's 0.002 percent water by mass. Only a tiny fraction of that water is available to terrestrial life. That water which isn't directly involved in biological processes is linked to them, linking life to the planet via seasons and climate.
Some exoplanets are believed to be up to fifty percent water! These are true ocean worlds. To date, up to thirty five percent of exoplanets larger than may be covered by vast layers of water that may or may not harbour life. The jury is well out on that, but the idea is intriguing (and tempting) as the traditional definition of habitable zones is being stretched and reinterpreted.
A water world with a thick atmosphere of steam.
For now, we have only our imaginations with which to explore these worlds…
An aerial view of remote coastline on a hypothetical watery exoplanet.
A new video!
October 10, 2018 October 11, 2018 The AstroBiological Tagged alien life, astrobiology, astronomy, creativity, death, exoplanets, extraterrestrial, planets, ponderings, sciart, scicomm, science, space, space exploration, subsurface ocean, taphonomy, water, water worlds	Leave a comment
Life in Transit
Interstellar pollution. Free floating organics infused by starlight and beginning their ascension towards life.
Imagination is an important part of science, for without it there would be no curiosity. Here we ponder the theory of panspermia. At it's essence panspermia is a theory which posits that life on earth (or at least it's building blocks) came from space. How did it get here? Ancient earth was infected in a sense. Compounds and molecules useful to life were brought here by comets or asteroids and dispersed by impacts.
It is only a theory, but it makes sense in several ways. Recent research gives some credence to it. Decide for yourself. I personally believe that terrestrial biogenesis and panspermia can both contribute equally to debate over the origin of life.
My channel needs you!
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UClvBq6G-DkIlKci7xXdWYzA
October 6, 2018 October 20, 2018 The AstroBiological Leave a comment
astrobiology, astronomy, sciart, scicomm
More images.
I've been thinking some of these may look good as posters. Thoughts anyone? They provide another way to reach people, as I myself continue to explore and learn about a truly incredible topic.
I like the look and think my channel will finally benefit from a coherent look and vibe. The retro font works for me, and the surreal, fantastic feel of the pictures is my jam.
A new video exploring the possibility of directly imaging exoplanets is coming very soon!
Here is a snippet; sans sound or effects just yet!
More coming.
October 3, 2018 October 4, 2018 The AstroBiological Tagged astrobiology, astronomy, creativity, europa, exoplanets, nature, panspermia, planets, ponderings, scicomm, space, subsurface ocean, Thoughts	Leave a comment


NEW YORK Peter Thwaites, 44, won the Directors Guild of America's prestigious Best Commercial Director prize for 2008. A first-time nominee, Thwaites, a former director of photography who directs through Gorgeous Enterprises and is represented in the U.S. by Anonymous Content, won the honor based on his work for Barclaycard "Waterslide" out of BBH, London, and Guinness "Light Show" out of Irish International BBDO, Dublin. He began directing in 1999.
How did it feel winning your first time nominated?
It really didn't occur to me [that I would win.] It completely took me by surprise. It wasn't false modesty, it just did not begin to occur to me. And of course, the idea of writing a speech is completely out of the question, because we're not used to doing that in Europe. It means an awful lot. You are being judged by your peers, and the biggest part of that is not so much judging the ad as an idea, but the direction of it, and that is the important thing for me. That's a good feeling and maybe it helps to combat the traditional British reserve.
How has the win affected your work?
It is certainly going to have an impact on scripts. Earlier on in my career [I was] lucky to get decent work. Now, suddenly up against the best, it's a different challenge. I've just got a script in and read I'm up against Jonathan Glazer, Spike Jonze…It's like, "Oh My God. How do I deal with this?" In one sense it might be putting me in a position for better scripts, but I'm dealing with competition that is second to none.
You were a director of photography. Why did you want to be a director?
I've been directing for eight years or so. I was lighting things and talking too much and people were sort of going, "Hmmm, maybe you should try directing instead of trying to direct my ad." The idea slowly dawned on me that [directing] might be where my future lay. I wanted to get more involved with the idea, working with an idea and developing an idea, and taking the germ of an idea and running with it and seeing how it can be improved and played with.
Do you work on any jobs as a director/DP?
No, I don't DP any more and the idea [of doing both] scares the hell out of me. Not the devising and sharing ideas, which is always the best part. But technically, dealing with equipment again…I did a few jobs like that but I found it was not for me.
I had done a test film where I was playing around and trying a few techniques. I was showing [Gorgeous managing director] Paul Rothwell some effects in it when I was doing a [DP] job with Frank Budgen. He caught on and said, "You directed this, didn't you?"…He said, "Well come to Gorgeous." I was flabbergasted.
The whole thing for me has been learning by collaboration, that's the key to the process for me. The filmmaking is about partnerships — creativity, the way you converse, discuss, argue about material — that brings ideas to the forefront. [Gorgeous producer] Flora Fernandez-Marengo was an inspiration to me as a producer. She was tough with me, didn't pander to me — I didn't learn to behave like a spoiled commercials director — and kept me levelheaded.
What was the most challenging aspect of the transition?
Obviously, you are dealing with more politics, having to be more responsible. You need answers for everything. It's hard juggling elements to make the whole. To strive towards quality emotional and moving material — it's hard to do. It's stressful because to continue to do good work, it's never anything but hard work. It's never easy. It's hard, and sometimes I have to remind myself to chill out.
What do you look for in boards you are considering?
Idea is everything. [I'm interested] if I feel the idea works and has some flexibility to be perceived in different ways.
What did the boards for the Barclaycard ad look like?
The idea was pretty much there, the details of the element of the journey had to be sorted out and discussed. My big thing was trying to persuade everyone that the initial sequence was the vital one — where you need to set up a personality/character situation, a tonal element of comedy — and set up the journey.
You are talking to Adweek from location in New Zealand. What are you working on?
A Drench [beverage] job out of CHI & Partners. It is about a guy riding on a giant pheasant. It's silly and fun.


text:
Fahlén is a Swedish surname. Notable people with the surname include:

Margareta Fahlén (1918–1978), Swedish actress
Sven Fahlén (born 1959), Swedish biathlete

Swedish-language surnames


Happy birthday Dear Midhun Venugopal - birthdaywishes2- Birthday wishes sms,birthday wishes images,,special birthday.
Degree from KV Usthad Memmorial Dharul Hidaya Arts and Science college.
His high school from DHOHSS Pookkarathara.
He is living sharjah. Rasmy Midhu is his wife.
Home town Calicut. Politically communist.
On of the family member.
1988 SSeptember 24th is his birthday.


text:
Le Cordon Bleu Perth Offers Scholarships
World-class chefs would kill for a Le Cordon Bleu qualifications; now, your own dream of earning that coveted blue ribbon has become more affordable.
Le Cordon Bleu, in partnership with North Metropolitan TAFE, offers a generous AU $20K tuition fee scholarship to any successful candidate to its Bachelor of Business degree at its Perth (Australia) campus for both its July 2016 and January 2017 intake.
"The scholarship is for international students who wish to pursue a career in Tourism or Events Management," said Helen Bartholomew, founder of International Education Specialists (Inter-Ed), the country's pioneer and premier student placement center and a partner of Le Cordon Bleu.
Le Cordon Bleu is a world renowned institution and one of the most sought-after qualifications and considered as the 'standard' in the hospitality, and culinary/gastronomy industry.
Prospective applicants may submit a 500-word essay detailing their hospitality experience and business goals and meet the school's entry criteria.
"For scholarship processing, applicants must show that they have graduated from high school (grade 12 or its equivalent), obtain an IELTS score of 6 with no band less than 5.5 (academic or general module are accepted), completed the international and scholarship application forms," said Le Cordon Blue.
Both degree programs have been designed with considerable input from industry and incorporate two work-based learning experiences that will enable students to apply and contextualize their on-campus theoretical studies, and to strengthen their industry networks.
Le Cordon Bleu said that these degrees focus on career development which means which enable students to be equipped with the skills, confidence, and qualities to succeed in a variety of middle and upper management roles, within rapidly growing industry sectors.
Tags: Australian scholarships, scholarship
LPU wants you to attend the 2018 Career Consultation and Guidance Fair this September 4&5
Event: November 27, 2017 "Macquarie University Manila Open Day 2016"
James Cook University – Bringing Science to Life in the Philippines


WISDOM Mathematics & Science Scholarship Exam 2019 – WISDOM Educational Foundation has released latest Govt. Scholarships for students. Eligible candidates can apply offline.WISDOM Educational Foundation, eligibility, important date, how to apply, and other details are given below.
Each of these 50 questions will be supplied with 4 alternative answers. Answers are to be marked by darkening circles on the OMR sheet provided along with question paper.
The question paper will be of 100 marks to be solved in 1 hour (60 minutes). It will contain objective type 100 questions carrying 1 mark each. Each of these 100 questions will be supplied with 4 alternate answers.
Hall Ticket containing seat number and examination centre is to be downloaded from our website after 20th January 2019. No paper copy of the same will be sent to the students.


RCW 43.216.070: Reports to the governor and legislature.
Reports to the governor and legislature.
Two years after the implementation of the department's early learning program, and every two years thereafter by July 1st, the department shall submit to the governor and the legislature a report measuring the effectiveness of its programs in improving early childhood education. The first report shall include program objectives and identified valid performance measures for evaluating progress toward achieving the objectives, as well as a plan for commissioning a longitudinal study comparing the kindergarten readiness of children participating in the department's programs with the readiness of other children, using nationally accepted testing and assessment methods. Such comparison shall include, but not be limited to, achievement as children of both groups progress through the K-12 system and identify year-to-year changes in achievement, if any, in later years of elementary, middle school, and high school education.


If you are waking up tired and wondering why you just can't seem to get a good night's sleep, you might be surprised to learn that your legs may be the root of the problem. More specifically, your need to move your legs while you are lying down may be keeping you from getting the sleep you need. This condition, called Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) affects 10% of the adults in the U.S. and can have a significant impact on sleep and overall quality of life.
Restless Leg Syndrome is a neurological disorder that involves the irresistible urge to move the legs or other limbs while lying down or resting. In many cases, people with this disorder also experience unpleasant sensations like creeping or pulling of the skin in the affected limbs. Most of the time the urge to move and the sensations are centered on the legs, but symptoms can be felt in the arms, face, and torso as well.
Restless Leg Syndrome symptoms occur most frequently during periods of inactivity which is why this disorder can have such a significant impact on sleep quality. The urges and sensations are generally relieved, at least temporarily, by moving the affected limb. RLS is often misdiagnosed and can be confused for other sleep disorders like insomnia or other conditions like depression.
Although Restless Leg Syndrome can start at any age, it seems to become more severe with age. Both men and women are affected by the disorder and there appears to be some genetic component. The condition tends to run in families and initial research into the genetic component of the condition identified the first RLS gene which is present in about 50% of RLS diagnoses.
There is no known cause of RLS but the initial research into genetic components indicates there is likely a hereditary source. Although symptoms can begin at any age, they most frequently start in middle age. There are potential links between RLS and other conditions including Parkinson's, kidney failure, diabetes, and peripheral neuropathy. However, no conclusive research has been completed that indicates there is a causal relationship between RLS and any other condition.
Some factors like iron deficiency, sleep deprivation, and use of specific medication may trigger the condition. Research into these factors and the causes of RLS have promising initial results that point to abnormal iron regulation as a potential cause of primary RLS. Further research into the cause and contributing factors of the condition may help doctor's identify more effective treatments and possibly a cure.
The two primary symptoms of RLS are the unpleasant sensations experienced in the affected limb and the overwhelming urge to move that limb to alleviate both the sensations and the urge. RLS sensations have been described as creepy crawly skin, itching, tugging, and pulling at the skin. The only relief is to move the limb or put pressure on it. The relief is often temporary however and symptoms can recur off and on.
Although most RLS symptoms occur while sleeping, any period of inactivity can increase symptoms. A vast majority of people who have RLS also have another condition called Periodic Limb Movement of Sleep (PLMS) which is characterized by involuntary limb movement during sleep. These movements can occur throughout the entire night and occur every 15 to 40 seconds causing significant sleep disruption.
There are medications available to treat the symptoms of RLS that have proven to be effective in improving sleep quality and overall quality of life. However, the side effects of these medications may outweigh the benefits. Discuss the potential for side effects with your physician before starting any medication.


text:
Q: Wrap a FTP request in Async/Await I am trying to perform a FTP request, wait till the file has downloaded and then close the FTP module. When both these actions have finished, then list the contents of a directory. At the moment, it is doing it in the opposite direction.
I have wrapped them in async and prepended the FTP with await. But the directory list is being logged first. Can spot the error in the async function?
(async function () {
  await Ftp.get("document.txt", "document.txt", err => {
    if (err) {
      return console.error("There was an error retrieving the file.");
    }
    console.log("File copied successfully!");

    Ftp.raw("quit", (err, data) => {
      if (err) {
        return console.error(err);
      }

      console.log("Bye!");
    });

  });
})()

// Read the content from the /tmp directory to check it's empty
fs.readdir("/", function (err, data) {
  if (err) {
    return console.error("There was an error listing the /tmp/ contents.");
  }
  console.log('Contents of tmp file above, after unlinking: ', data);
});

A: First, await only works with promises, and ftp.get apparently uses a callback instead of a promise. So you'll have to wrap ftp.get in a promise.
Second, your fs.readdir is outside of the async function, so it is not going to be affected by the await. If you need it to be delayed, then you need it to be inside the async function, after the await statement.
So put together that looks something like this:
(async function () {
  await new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
    Ftp.get("document.txt", "document.txt", err => {
      if (err) {
        reject("There was an error retrieving the file.")
        return;
      }
      console.log("File copied successfully!");

      Ftp.raw("quit", (err, data) => {
        if (err) {
          reject(err);
        } else {
          resolve(data);
        }
      });
    })
  });

  fs.readdir("/", function (err, data) {
    if (err) {
      return console.error("There was an error listing the /tmp/ contents.");
    }
    console.log('Contents of tmp file above, after unlinking: ', data);
  });
})()

A: I usually try to separate things out. It looks like you wanted to save a file so I built this out with that in mind. I put each request into it's own promise. I don't think you need Ftp.raw. I am not sure if Ftp is the node library or simply the var name of another library.
const util = require("util");
const fs = require("fs");

const fsOpen = util.promisify(fs.open);
const fsWriteFile = util.promisify(fs.writeFile);
const fsClose = util.promisify(fs.close);

async function saveDocumentAndListDirectoryFiles() {
  let documentData;
  let fileToCreate;
  let listDirectoryFiles

  //We get the document
  try {
    documentData = await getDocument();
  } catch (error) {
    console.log(error);
    return;
  }

  // Open the file for writing
  try {
    fileToCreate = await fsOpen("./document.txt", "wx");
  } catch (err) {
    reject("Could not create new file, it may already exist");
    return;
  }

  // Write the new data to the file
  try {
    await fsWriteFile(fileToCreate, documentData);
  } catch (err) {
    reject("Error writing to new file");
    return;
  }

  // Close the file
  try {
    await fsClose(fileToCreate);
  } catch (err) {
    reject("Error closing new file");
    return;
  }

  // List all files in a given directory
  try {
    listDirectoryFiles = await listFiles("/");
  } catch (error) {
    console.log("Error: No files could be found");
    return;
  }

  console.log(
    "Contents of tmp file above, after unlinking: ",
    listDirectoryFiles
  );
};

// Get a document
function getDocument() {
  return new Promise(async function(resolve, reject) {
    try {
      await Ftp.get("document.txt", "document.txt");
      resolve();
    } catch (err) {
      reject("There was an error retrieving the file.");
      return;
    }
  });
};

// List all the items in a directory
function listFiles(dir) {
  return new Promise(async function(resolve, reject) {
    try {
      await fs.readdir(dir, function(err, data) {
        resolve(data);
      });
    } catch (err) {
      reject("Unable to locate any files");
      return;
    }
  });
};

saveDocumentAndListDirectoryFiles();


Blind Date Records are hosting a launch event for their label during Melbourne Music Week at The Melbourne Museum.
Jeb Cardwell + Sean McMahon + Greenville + James Ellis and the Jealous Guys all launching new singles on the night.
Book now to see this incredible line-up of local talent perform live in the unique surrounds of the Melbourne Museum North Terrace open stage and Bars/Gourmet Food.


text:
Osiny – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie mazowieckim, w powiecie wyszkowskim, w gminie Rząśnik.

W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość należała administracyjnie do województwa ostrołęckiego.

Przypisy

Linki zewnętrzne

Rząśnik (gmina)


text:
Shock as New Look staff member screams vile abuse at woman in car park row
It followed a medical emergency when a 24-year-old Nat West bank employee was taken to hospital by ambulance
Colleen SmithDevon Live Chief Reporter
The new Look in Torquay is one of the town's biggest shops (Image: Geograph)
A shocked and emotional member of the public has told how a New Look employee repeatedly swore at her through the shop window after she parked in the store's car park.
It happened after businesswoman Sheila Jameson's daughter-in-law was taken to hospital on Monday morning after suffering an epileptic fit at her workplace, the nearby Nat West bank in Union Street, Torquay.
Mrs Jameson said: "My son and husband were at her bedside in hospital where she is still sick and I had to urgently collect her medication and take it to the hospital.
"I was already really emotional at the time. The only place I could see where I could park without blocking the highway was the back of New Look - so I wrote a really polite note saying it was an urgent medical drop off and I would only be a minute.
Was the member of staff wrong to tell Sheila to move her car?
Yes - it was an emergency and she could have shown compassion
No - there is a public car park a few feet away and Sheila could have parked there
Neither - shouting abuse is never justified
"But when I got out of my car one of the staff started effing and jeffing out of the window. I was trying to explain that I would only be a minute and it was a medical emergency, but she said 'I'm not effing bothered'.
"Then she said 'When you get back it's going to be effing blocked in'. She told me to go and pay in the car park but I didn't have time because it was an emergency. Then when I came back she had blocked me in and she was still shouting at me.
Watch a video on the death of the high street below
"The manager came out because the member of staff was still shouting out of the window at me and she was calling out 'Clare! Clare! Come inside!'
"I felt sorry for the manager because she was only a young woman herself and she obviously had no control over her abusive member of staff.
"It was awful. I have businesses in Torquay and Paignton and Exeter. If a member of my staff spoke to a member of the public like that she would be straight out the door. I was trying to explain but she had no sympathy.
This is why you were late for work this morning - and the disruption will continue
"A local shopkeeper and member of the public both heard the disgusting behaviour."
The New Look car park at the rear of the Union Street store (Image: Google)
Mrs Jameson has now complained to the New Look head office.
Torbay up-to-date
Breaking news across Torbay
Torquay news
Paignton latest
Brixham news
A spokesman for New Look said: "I have spoken to customer services and am told they are in contact with Mrs Jameson and are working through the situation with her."
Do you have a story to share or for us to investigate?
Get in touch using colleen.smith@reachplc.com or call 07584 591 375 or tweet me @colleentsmith
To keep up to date with Devon's latest news, follow DevonLive on Facebook page here and Twitter here , or visit our homepage at www.devonlive.com


Page 542 - Gallery Design of Home Design | Jadisdesignservices Trough Bathroom Sink With Two Faucets. Tables With Lamp. Extra Deep Couch.
collection of galleries from Home Design like Trough Bathroom Sink With Two Faucets. Tables With Lamp. Extra Deep Couch. and other designs you might like Navy Duvet Cover. Pinch Pleat Curtains. White Wall Cabinets. Calming Paint Colors. Polka Dots Duvet Covers. Teen Boys Bedding. Upholstered Twin Bed.


text:
Ripon PowerPlay Sports Arena to host roller hockey jamboree, playoffs | Sports & Recreation
Ripon PowerPlay Sports Arena to host roller hockey jamboree, playoffs
Submitted by Lesha Ruffin, Community Web Producer
Monday, March 21st, 2011, 12:06pm
Topics: Sports & Recreation
RIPON - The Ripon PowerPlay Sports Arena, 1043 South Acacia Avenue, will host the AIHL Pacific North Division roller hockey season ending jamboree and the division playoffs. The Jamboree will take place March 26-27, from 11 a.m. - 10 p.m., the playoffs will be April 16-17 from 4 p.m. - 10 p.m., with the championship game on April 30, at 4 p.m. All three events will include teams from throughout Northern California, converging in Ripon for the competition.
Both the Ripon Red Tails, defending division champions, and Savage are looking forward to another championship run after two impressive inaugural AIHL seasons. Coach Wayne Taylor stated, "Both our teams have experienced tremendous success this season, and look for that to continue."
Owner Daniel Costa commented, "It is a great honor for us to host the jamboree, playoffs and Championship here at PowerPlay, and attract hockey fans from across Northern California to the Ripon/Modesto area."
The AIHL is considered a premier inline hockey league in the United States. The Championship Cup is awarded annually to the league playoff champion at the end of each season.