Get Ready to Be Happy (Or At Least Less Depressed).
Starting January 1, 2018, the New York State Paid Family Leave Program will provide New Yorkers job-protected, paid leave (can you believe it?) to bond with a new child, care for a loved one with a serious health condition or to help relieve family pressures when someone is called to active military service. Now that's what I'm talking about.
For a country that doesn't believe that paid leave should be a right of employment, NY's establishment of Paid Family Leave is a thrilling and powerful step in the pursuit of equality, dignity and balance between the responsibilities of both the work and home.
New York's Paid Family Leave program provides wage replacement in the form of partial salary to employees to help them bond with a child, care for a close relative with a serious health condition, or help relieve family pressures when someone is called to active military service.
Employees are also guaranteed job security after the paid leave, and employees are also guaranteed continued health insurance. If you contribute to the cost of your health insurance, you must continue to pay your portion of the premium while you're out on on Paid Family Leave.
Employees may take the maximum benefit length in any given 52-week period. The maximum benefit is eight weeks during 2018, the first year of its rollout, 10 weeks during the second and third years, and 12 weeks the fourth and subsequent years, beginning on January 1, 2021. The 52-week clock starts on the first day you the employee takes Paid Family Leave.
Paid Family Leave coverage will be included under the disability policy that all employers must carry. The premium will be fully funded by NY employees via payroll deductions, expected to begin July 1, 2017. A maximum employee contribution rate will be established each year.
Each full-time or part-time private employee in New York State will be eligible for Paid Family Leave. Participation in the program is not optional for employees. If you are a public employee, your employer may opt into the program. Public employees who are represented by a union may be covered if Paid Family Leave is collectively bargained, so check with your union delegate.
An employee must be employed full-time for 26 weeks, or part time for 175 days to be eligible for NY's new Paid Family Leave Benefit. Employees do not have to take all of their accrued sick leave and/or vacation time before using paid family leave. An employer may permit you to use sick or vacation leave to supplement the paid leave to that you may receive your full pay, but your company cannot require you to use your vacation or sick time if you don't want to use it.
Whether you're a parent expecting a baby, or whether you're fostering or adopting a child, you deserve to take time to care for your new baby without having to sacrifice your savings or your job. Now in 2018, you may be eligible for up to 8 weeks of employee-funded Paid Family Leave.
Paid Family Leave is not available for prenatal conditions, as the leave only begins after your baby's birth or adoption. A mother or a father may take Paid Family Leave during the first 12 months following the birth, adoption, or fostering of a child.
So, it's now official. New Yorkers will have the right beginning in 2018 to be with their families in times of need without having to put their economic security at risk. The time you spend caring for a loved one with a serious health condition is critical. How does the law define close relative?
continuing treatment or continuing supervision by a health care provider.
For example, you need one or more full days to care for your father when he undergoes cardiac bypass surgery; or your mother is having a procedure followed by extensive recuperation; or your child is undergoing intense psychotherapy and is unable to attend school for a period of time. You can take Paid Family Leave in all of these types of scenarios.
Paid Family Leave is available for families eligible for time off under the military provisions in the federal Family Medical Leave Act when a spouse, child, domestic partner or parent of the employee is on active duty or has been notified of an impending call or order of active duty.
Elective treatments (such as cosmetic surgery) are not eligible conditions unless inpatient hospital care is required or complications develop. Ordinarily, unless complications arise, the flue, the common cold, ear aches, stomach upsets and minor ulcers, headaches other than migraines, routine dental problems, etc., are examples of conditions that do not meet the definition of a serious health condition. They would not qualify for Paid Family Leave.
So, for example, in 2018, if an employee earns $1,000 a week, she would receive a benefit of $500 a week (50% of $1,000). Another employee who earns $2,000 a week would receive a benefit of approximately $648, because this employee is capped at one-half of New York State's Average Weekly Wage (NYSAWW) currently $1,305.92 Half of that amount is the $652.96 benefit.
The Average Weekly Wage (AWW) is set every year after a comprehensive analysis by the New York State Department of Labor.
Learn more about applying for benefits.
The maximum Paid Family Leave benefit is based on the New York State Average Weekly Wage (NYSAWW). The 2016 AWW used for this calculation is $1,305.92. The AWW is updated annually on July 1 and is available here.
Does Paid Family Leave cost me anything?
New York's Paid Family Leave is entirely employee-funded. Meaning, the benefit is paid for by all NYS employees, so it's spread so fine among millions as to be painless to the average worker.
Beginning on or after July 1, 2017, you may see a payroll deduction to pay for your Paid Family Leave benefit. The amount of the deduction will be established before July 2017.
Do I have to participate in the Paid Family Leave program?
Yes, Paid Family Leave is not optional for most employees. The exception is if you are in a job that will not allow you to attain the 26 continuous weeks or 175 days needed to qualify for Paid Family Leave (for example, the almost defunct "seasonal" worker).
I'm pregnant. Will I be able to receive Paid Family Leave during my pregnancy?
Paid Family Leave only begins after birth. It is not available for pre-natal conditions. If you're disabled and can't work due to a pregnancy-related medical condition that cannot be reasonably accommodated by your employer, than you may need to take a short-term disability leave.
Will I be able to use Paid Family Leave to take care of an eligible relative living outside New York?
Yes, as long as you are caring for an eligible family member, and provide the medical certification, you can take the Paid Family Leave and go anywhere to provide the care.
I am not a US citizen. Will I still be eligible for Paid Family Leave?
Yes. Your citizenship status has no impact on your Paid Family Leave eligibility. Isn't that cool?
I am an undocumented worker. Can I take Paid Family Leave?
Yes. Your immigration status has no impact on your Paid Family Leave eligibility. Más cool.
Will I be able to use Paid Family Leave if I work part-time?
Yes, as long as you've worked 175 days part-time days you are eligible for a Paid Family Leave benefit.
I am collecting workers' compensation. Can I use Paid Family Leave?
If you are not working and are collecting workers' comp, you may not use Paid Family Leave.
I am a freelancer. Am I eligible for Paid Family Leave?
If you do not have a regular employer and work as an independent contractor, you will not have Paid Family Leave benefits unless you purchase coverage for yourself, as Paid Family Leave is just for employees, and technically, independent contractors are not employees under the law.
I am a farm laborer. Am I eligible for Paid Family Leave?
Unfortunately, if you're a farm laborer, you are not eligible for disability or Paid Family Leave benefits.
Will I have to take all of my sick time and/or vacation before I use Paid Family Leave?
An employer may permit you to use vacation or sick leave for full salary, but may not require you to use either.
Can I take Paid Family Leave and use my sick and/or vacation time together so that I receive my full salary?
Yes, if your employer permits the use of your accrued sick and/or vacation time to allow you to receive your full salary, than you can certainly do so.
Will my spouse and I be able to use Paid Family Leave at the same time?
If you and your spouse have different employers, you are both eligible to take Paid Family Leave at the same time, but if you and your spouse work for the same employer, they can deny Paid Family Leave to more than one employee at the same time to care for the same family leave recipient, or to bond with the same child.
Do other states have Paid Family Leave?
New York will now join California, Rhode Island, and New Jersey as the only states in the nation that provide a Paid Family Leave benefit. Yet, when fully implemented, New York will have the longest and most comprehensive Paid Family Leave program in the nation. Yay.


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Chaos in Indian parliament over new state
The furor erupted after Home Minister Sushilkumar Shinde rose to table a bill for the creation of a new state, Telangana, to be carved out of the southern state of Andhra Pradesh.
India's parliament erupted in mayhem on Thursday when a legislator fired pepper spray in the lower house in protest against a bill on a new state.
Television footage showed pictures of lawmakers coughing, sneezing and holding scarves to their faces. Shouting protesters also broke a glass table and snapped the wire of an official's microphone.
A few legislators were rushed away in an ambulance while others were given first aid treatment in the assembly.
"The incidents which took place in the house are a big blot on our democracy," Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kamal Nath told reporters.
"Parliamentary democracy provides for dissent but does not provide for the kind of disruption and attempted violence which we saw today. I feel ashamed that such an incident has taken place."
Lagadapati Rajagopal, a legislator from Andhra Pradesh who was recently suspended by the ruling Congress party, and who opposes creation of the new state, then unleashed the pepper spray.
Congress has tried to pass laws in the parliament's last session before a general election due by May, but the house has frequently been adjourned amid rowdy scenes over the creation of Telangana state.
Thursday's antics were the worst and drew criticism from parliamentarians from various parties.
"It is an unprecedented and a disgraceful situation," said Jaswant Singh of the main opposition Bharatiya Janata Party.
The bill was tabled but the session broke up soon after. The speaker suspended 17 members of parliament.
US says China committed 'possibly genocide' in Xinjiang
Kazakhstan Cabinet resigns after parliamentary polls
Iranian-Chinese bitcoin farm shut amid power outages
Large fire devastates Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh
Ruling party leads in Kazakhstan's parliamentary polls

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Rechargeable with dual-fuel compatibility. Quick-release bike mount. Neutral white light with dual distance beam.
COB with red LED chips creates a broad output. Adjustable mounting angle for perfect placement.
According to www.bikelaw.com, which focuses on Oregon bicycle laws, it is required that you to be equipped with at least one light if you are riding during "limited visibility conditions." Bike lights for night riding can be separated into two different types: seeing lights and be seen lights. A seeing light is one that illuminates the area in front of you, the cyclist. For best visibility, we recommend keeping your bicycle headlight between 700 and 1000 lumens when riding unlit roads, and between 100 and 300 for lit roads; however, if you are a speedster, you might prefer one with a slightly brighter output. The best bike lights for night riding also must meet the requirement of being visible from 500 feet away.
The placement of your bike light is also incredibly important to its overall effectiveness. The ultimate setup would include both a handlebar-mounted headlight and a helmet-mounted light. The handlebar headlight illuminates the area directly in front of you and can reveal upcoming obstacles, such as rocks or potholes. We recommend the Fenix ALB-10 quick-release bike mount for securely attaching your light to your handlebar. The helmet-mounted bike light, on the other hand, is more-so geared towards viewing specific areas, such as down the cross street of an intersection or in the rustling bushes beside you. Please note that your helmet-mounted light should offer a more focused, spot with a far-throwing beam to view off into the distance.
Be seen lights are designed to mark a rider on the road so that motorists can easily spot a cyclist. As previously mentioned, if you are only riding on illuminated roads, a headlight between 100 and 300 lumens is sufficient. Be seen lights also include front, side, and rear lighting tools to help motorists see you from all angles. While all modern bicycles require the incorporation of passive, non-powered reflective lighting tools, adding a tail light and spoke lights will only help to increase your safety. BatteryJunction.com offers an assortment of be seen lights, including the SpokeLit wheel light that is available in a few color options. This spoke bike light easily attaches to the spoke of your bicycle without any additional hardware or tools.
When choosing the best bike light for your needs, it's important to consider more than just your own ability to see the road. For road riders, in particular, having a headlight that is too bright could potentially be hazardous to drivers and other riders. To combat this, the German Road Traffic Licensing Regulations (StVZO) developed a set of guidelines for nighttime riders. Like the Oregon bicycle laws mentioned earlier, cyclists are required to have passive rear and spoke reflectors. Additionally, the StVZO requires both a front-facing white light and a rear-facing red light, such as the Nite Ize Radiant 50. Those lights should have steady-on outputs and should not blink or flash as is typical in many bike lights. More importantly, the StVZO has set a minimum brightness level as well as horizontal cutoff points for a user's beam pattern. In other words, the beam must be set above and below a certain height to prevent it from disorienting drivers. For best results, we suggest consulting your local authorities to make sure your bike lights meet the local requirements and restrictions.


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Journal of Law and International Affairs
at Penn State Law
2019: Security and Autonomous Future
2018: Nuclear Weapons, International Security, and Disarmament
Photos of the Symposium
2017: Environmental Justice in an Uncertain Federal Climate: Policy, Litigation, and Responses
2016: War in the 21st Century
Speakers' Bios
"Family Separation, Family Detention, and Asylum"
"The 3rd Wave of International Criminal Law- After the Honeymoon"
"The Law of the Sea and the South China Sea"
"Introduction to the New International Tax Regime Adopted by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act"
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Social Media vs. The Government, A Clash Facilitated by Russia
November 7, 2017 December 1, 2017 Adam J Banks Articles	advertisements, election, Russia
Disclaimer: The views and opinions expressed in this article are those of the author's and do not necessarily reflect the position of JLIA, Penn State Law, School of International Affairs, or Pennsylvania State University.
American tech and media companies have reached a fork in the road as they face dilemmas of freedom of speech, profit, and electoral integrity in the recent discoveries of Russian-bought political ads. Facebook released that it had found that $100,000 spent on around 3,000 ads by Russian sources issuing propaganda relating to the 2016 U.S. Presidential race.[1] While the number may seem miniscule in terms of money spent campaigning (for all 2015/2016 races a total of $11,313,483.59 was spent on Facebook ads by all races[2]), some believe that this could be just the tip of the iceberg in terms of what will be discovered in the future.
These ads seemed to have reached a population of around 10 million people in the United States during their runtime.[3] While this is a small percentage of the voting population in the United States, it seems that there was a specific focus on the locations in which the ads were placed. Recent news has shown that these ads targeted areas such as Michigan and Wisconsin over other locations in which there could have potentially been more views.[4] These states are well known as being the two battleground states in which Hillary Clinton was upset by President Trump as he carried the vote in both by less than 1%.[5] This seems to show a Russian attempt to interfere by targeting close political races in order to undermine the election; something the Russian government has denied doing. Other potential factors for Russian ads could be to test what kind of effects false news will have with just a small amount of money being spent, or, to test whether or not this method of undermining an election is even possible.
Facebook has already begun to move on the defensive within its own corporation. The social media company has begun to change its guidelines to warn ad buyers that those who utilize false news and deceptive ads will be forfeiting their right to monetize from the ads.[6] Other large tech corporations have also begun to follow suit in becoming proactive in disclosing and fighting these ads. Microsoft, who has been untouched by the issue, has announced that while it has not been accused of selling Russian-bought ads, it will begin to investigate whether or not the same issue had occurred within its Bing search engine and other products.[7] Google has also come under fire as it recently discovered around $4,700 in ad purchases through its YouTube and Gmail services which was tied to accounts that are believed to be connected to the Russian government.[8] It has become evident that the corporations that had once rejected the claims and refused to help the government in offering up information from ads are now becoming increasingly more ready to comply with federal requests.
The response by the US government has become increasingly harsh as more information has continued to come out regarding how much Russia truly invested in these ads. Currently, the ads issue is under investigation by multiple US Congressional committees and the Department of Justice.[9] In the past, these corporations avoided disclosing whom had purchased their ads through a disclaimer that it was not required to release the information due to the purchases being too small to monitor.[10] Senator John McCain, along with two Democrat Senators, has been on the move to end this disclaimer in federal law and, together, they are working on a bill to make Facebook, Google and other corporations in the industry disclose these advertisers.[11] One of the largest conflicts still looming between the government and these corporations resides over the belief that while the corporations did not know it was happening, they knew this type of ad-purchasing was possible and did nothing to curb it. At the end of the day, this situation has opened the door for stronger interference from the US government as federal election legislation specifically prevents foreign investments from affecting US elections, making the Russian actions explicitly illegal.[12]
Some of the stiffest concerns regarding the implications of government interference in social media corporations relate to potential effects of stifling freedom of speech through monitoring and disclosure of advertisements. This conflict reflects another issue in the relationship between corporations and the federal government—social media corporations lobby to protect the speech of their users while the government holds that the government is the single entity with the power to arbitrate speech.[13] More recently, social media corporations have begun to sort out and prevent accounts from ISIS linked propaganda accounts.[14] Similar companies in the industry, such as website hosting corporations, have done similar things, such as preventing neo-nazi pages from being hosted through their services.[15] The mutual agreement among most experts is that while these corporations are not bound by the First Amendment, they should not utilize this situation to become censors of user material unless it is explicitly illegal.[16]
Overall, it seems that the Congress is taking hold over these large social media corporations and may soon have the ability to force the disclosure of advertisements. While advertising is in many ways a form of freedom of speech, the corporations profiting from the advertisements have the right to decide what does and does not appear on their sites. In this sense, there is a median in which these tech giants will be able to balance their rights to protect the speech of their users while also managing federal concerns regarding foreign interests and money-making. It seems clear, however, that to allow false news and harmful propaganda to gain traction on social media will not be tolerated in the future, and companies will become better watchdogs or face harsher penalties.
About the Author: Adam Banks is a student at the School of International Affairs.
[1] Scott Shane & Vindu Goel, "Fake Russian Facebook Accounts Bought $100,000 in Political Ads," The New York Times, September 6, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/06/technology/facebook-russian-political-ads.html.
[2] Alexis C. Madrigal, "What, Exactly, Were Russians Trying to Do With Those Facebook Ads?," TheAtlantic.com, September 25, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/09/the-branching-possibilities-of-the-facebook-russian-ad-buy/541002/ .
[3] Manu Raju et al., "Russian-linked Facebook Ads Targeted Michigan and Wisconsin," CNN.com, October 4, 2017, http://www.cnn.com/2017/10/03/politics/russian-facebook-ads-michigan-wisconsin/index.html.
[4] Manu Raju et al., supra note 3.
[6] Alyza Sebenius, "Should Facebook Ads Be Regulated Like TV Commercials?," TheAtlantic.com, September 14, 2017, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/09/facebook-ads-free-speech/539736/.
[7] "Google 'Uncovers Russian Ad Campaign Linked to US Election,'" BBC.com, October 9, 2017, http://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41561882.
[8] Kenneth P. Vogel & Cecilia Kang, "Senators Demand Online Ad Disclosures as Tech Lobby Mobilizes," The New York Times, October 19, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/10/19/us/politics/facebook-google-russia-meddling-disclosure.html.
[9] BBC.com, supra note 7.
[10] Vogel & Kang, supra note 8.
[13] Sebenius, supra note 6.
[Series] Prosecuting War Crimes: Progress on Prosecuting Sexual Violence Crimes
November 2, 2017 November 2, 2017 Hojae Chung Articles
"The determining feature for both conventional and non-conventional weapons to be characterized as weapons of war, is that they are used as part of a systematic political campaign which has strategic military purposes." [1]
The use of sexual violence as a tool of war can be seen throughout the world, and across much of history. The systematic rape of women and girls has been a tool used to conduct "ethnic cleansing", which the United Nations defines as "rendering an area ethnically homogenous by using force"[2] In 1992 the former communist state of Yugoslavia dissolved, during that time, an estimated 60,000 women were raped due to political, ethnic, and religious differences with the political majority Bosnian-Serbs. [3] In 1994, Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana was killed in a rocket attack. [4]The Hutu leader's death was not the sole reason for the genocide, but it was the spark that caused the death of 800,000 Rwandans in the span of 100 days. During those 100 days, approximately 500,000 women and children were raped in Rwanda.[5] As evidenced by its use in Bosnia and Rwanda Rape, is one of the most widely used weapons of mass destruction. It is not only a means of destroying lives, but it fractures families and communities that are unable to cope with the event.
Article 7(g) of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court declares rape or any other equivalent sexual violence committed in a widespread manner against a civilian population to be a crime against humanity. [6] Despite the condemnation from the international community, sexual violence is still used as an effective tool of war. Sexual violence remains such an efficacious tool of war primarily because there is little that can be done to prevent it in conflict zones. The International Court's ability to prevent sexual violence in conflict zones is limited to deterrence. Deterrence by means of prosecuting those who perpetrated the crimes as well as the people who encouraged them. The nightmare of survivors is not only the assault itself, but the societal stigma that follows: survivors are often ostracized from communities, often forced to bear unwanted children, and infected with diseases like HIV/AIDS.
Prosecuting perpetrators proved to be extremely difficult until recent times. Due to the fact that international courts, such as The Hague, denounced rape but did not provide a sufficient definition. The prohibition of rape was an important step, but was not clear enough to combat the varied forms of sexual assault. In order to clarify what constituted sexual violence, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) was given a set of statutes to abide by.[7] The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR) was also given a set of statutes to operate under.[8] Both tribunals set precedents by relying on their respective statutes as well as customary international law (CIL). The use of customary international law was a stride in the right direction, as CIL's allow tribunals discretion and flexibility when prosecuting these types of crimes. Both the ICTY and ICTR created good precedents for the prosecution of individuals who perpetrated sexual violence.
For the ICTY, the most influential case was Prosecutor v. Tadic, a case in which it was never proven that the defendant had directly committed sexual violence but instead found him responsible for participation in a campaign of terror manifested by murder, rape, and torture. The tribunal effectively created an innovation aimed at influencing parties to curtail their brutality.
The ICTR's chestnut case was prosecutor v. Akayesu, as it was the first case to define rape and sexual violence in a post-conflict context. Prosecuting sexual aggression was one of the chief objectives of the tribunal. The ICTR was also groundbreaking because it dealt almost entirely with internal armed conflict, and likened rape to the same level as torture under the Geneva convention.
Recently, former Central African Republic military commander, Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo was sentenced to 18 years by the Hague for both war crimes and crimes against humanity (rape and murder). Mr. Gombo was a commander of a contingent of Mouvement de Libération du Congo (MLC) from October 26, 2002 until March 15, 2003.[9] Mr. Gombo's conviction is groundbreaking because he was sentenced not only for his own crimes, but for the crimes of his subordinates, the first time that the doctrine of command responsibility was utilized in an ICC prosecution.
About the Author: Hojae Chung is a 2L at Penn State Law.
* This is the first part of a series on the progress on prosecution of war crimes.
[1] Inger Skjelsbaek, Sexual Violence and War: Mapping Out a Complex Relationship, European Journal of International Relations Vol.7, no. 2 (June 1, 2001) http://file.prio.no/publication_files/prio/Skjelsbaek%202013.EJIR.pdf
[2] Definitions, Ethnic Cleansing, UNITED NATIONS OFFICE ON GENOCIDE PREVENTION AND THE RESPONSIBILITY TO PROTECT http://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/ethnic-cleansing.html
[3] Michelle Lent Hirsch, Bosnia, WOMEN'S MEDIA CENTER (February 8, 2012) https://www.womensmediacenter.com/women-under-siege/conflicts/bosnia
[4] Rwanda: How the genocide happened, BBC.com (May 17, 2011) http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13431486
[5] Binaifer Nowrojee, Sexual Violence during the Rwandan Genocide and its Aftermath, Human Rights Watch Women's Rights Project (September 1996) https://www.hrw.org/reports/1996/Rwanda.htm
[6] Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, International Criminal Court (July 1, 2002) https://www.icc-cpi.int/nr/rdonlyres/ea9aeff7-5752-4f84-be94-0a655eb30e16/0/rome_statute_english.pdf
[7] Statutes, UPDATED STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, United Nations (September 2009) http://www.icty.org/x/file/Legal%20Library/Statute/statute_sept09_en.pdf
[8] Statutes, STATUTE OF THE INTERNATIONAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA, United Nations (2007) http://legal.un.org/avl/pdf/ha/ictr_EF.pdf
[9] Background, Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo, International Justice Monitor (2014) https://www.ijmonitor.org/jean-pierre-bemba-gombo-background
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YOUTUBE is showing sick guides giving women instructions on how to perform dangerous home abortions.
They are among scores of disturbing clips found by a Sun investigation, including graphic DIY circumcisions and cyst removals and erasing tattoos using grinders.
One abortion guide even instructs viewers on actions they can take during the final months of pregnancy. Experts blasted the grim advice and warned women to get proper help.
Imogen Stephens, Medical Director at safe abortion organisation Marie Stopes UK, said it was "worrying" that girls may turn to "quack" abortion clips.
She added: "YouTube giving them a platform is not helpful.
The sick advice follows The Sun's revelations on Tonia Rossington, from Skegness, who removed her breast implants with a knife after "researching" the operation on YouTube.
A Sun investigation has unearthed a string of films — many carrying no warning — of people performing dangerous surgery at home.
MPs said "enough was enough" and urged YouTube to remove offensive content sooner.
One four-minute film — without warning — shows a child being circumcised seemingly without anaesthetic.
Music is played to mask the boy's screams – but viewers can see him writhing in pain during the video, which has been viewed more than 23,000 times since April 2016.
Another clip, seen more than 3.2 million times, shows a man in front of a mirror with a pair of pliers which he uses to extract a back tooth. He then proudly shows it to the camera.
Some of the details are so graphic we have chosen not to print them.
Elsewhere a man, using no anaesthetic or disinfectant, cuts into his foot with a scalpel before jiggling a tendon.
Instructions on removing lipoma tumours, stitches, ingrowing toenails and moles can also be viewed, despite the high risk of scarring and infection.
Potentially fatal cyst removal also features. Kevin Franciosi, 47, from Sunderland, cut one from his thigh with a knife. He then developed an infection and died in 2014.
Advice on injecting Botox fillers is also shown while another clip demonstrates the art of stitching a wound using pig skin. Screengrabs of several videos are shown on this page, although we have obscured graphic images.
YouTube, owned by Google, insists it is not a broadcaster but merely a hosting platform, so cannot be bound by the same laws that regulate TV channels and newspapers.
THE internet has made experts of everyone. Now, thanks to YouTube, you too can be a DIY surgeon.
This is a desperately hazardous turn of events.
Doing your own op means little or no anaesthetic or sterile technique, often using makeshift instruments.
Those who operate on themselves run the risk of complications including infection, catastrophic bleeding and even death.
It's not just the procedures that worry me. Knowing which op to do when is what takes a surgeon the most training.
But MP Julian Knight, whose Digital, Culture, Media and Sport select committee has investigated the company, said: "YouTube has a responsibility to ensure this sort of material doesn't see the light of day.
Digital Minister Margot James was "horrified" at our findings and urged the tech giant to "do more and do it faster" on irresponsible postings.
She said: "These fall into a similar category that the Health Secretary complained about a week ago — guides that facilitate suicide, eating disorders and other self-harm.
YouTube said: "Our guidelines prohibit content that's intended to encourage dangerous activities that have an inherent risk of physical harm.


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AWARD DESCRIPTIONS
The Department of Physical Therapy is proud of our outstanding students, educators and alumni. Each year, the Department presents the following awards for exemplary service and performance in our physical therapy programs.
Catherine Doetzer Kohlenstein Memorial Award: Awarded to a second year student to assist with funding for clinical education expenses.
Carol Van Dyke '68 Physical Therapy Fellowship: Awarded to a second-year student to assist with the funding of clinical education expenses.
Cossoy/Lucca Award: Awarded to an incoming student who demonstrates substantial promise and ability to contribute to the advancement of the profession.
Paul Mettler Military Service Award: Awarded to a student with current or previous military service or whose life in the Physical Therapy Program has been directly impacted by a first-generation family member serving their country.
John P. Scholz Faculty Award: Recognizes a student for exemplary qualities of integrity, cooperation, initiative and leadership in the University of Delaware Physical Therapy (UDPT) Program.
Chair's/Director's Award: Recognizes a student who has made special contributions to the DPT Program by giving of his or her time and effort to improve the program and helping the chair, director and faculty to fulfill the mission of education, scholarship, and service.
Scholarship Award: Acknowledges a student who has achieved the highest level of academic excellence as demonstrated by the highest grade point average for the class.
Barbara Cossoy Service Award: Recognizes an individual or organization outside of the Department who has made an extraordinary contribution to the UD Physical Therapy Program. The award is named for the founding director of the program, Barbara Cossoy.
Catherine Doetzer Kohlenstein Clinical Educator's Award: Recognizes a clinical educator who has made an outstanding contribution to the clinical education component of our department over the past year or has made an important and sustained contribution to clinical education for several years. This award is named in honor of the Cathy Doetzer Kohlenstein, the first person to receive this award. Cathy graduated from our MPT program and supervised many of our student interns. Cathy passed away in December of 2002.
Mae Dorothy Hightower-Vandamm Memorial Scholarship: Awarded to an incoming DPT student who demonstrates substantial promise.
Alumni Award: For an alumnus who has made an outstanding contribution to the Physical Therapy Department.
John P. Scholz Memorial Scholarship: Given to a Doctor of Physical Therapy student who exemplifies excellence in academics and on the athletic field or in the Arts.
Stauffer Scholarship: Given to a University of Delaware alumni pursuing doctoral training in the Department of Physical Therapy at the University of Delaware.
Sports Residency Award: For completion of the Sports Physical Therapy Residency Program.
Orthopaedic Residency Award: For completion of the Sports Physical Therapy Residency Program.
PREVIOUS AWARD RECIPIENTS:
Behavioral Health & Nutrition
Kinesiology & Applied Physiology
Medical Laboratory Sciences
Communication Sciences & Disorders
Pyschological and Brain Sciences
STAR Health Sciences Complex
540 S College Ave, Newark DE 19713
pt-admissions@udel.edu


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ELIPTIC 'Twinning' fund deadline extended
The ELIPTIC project has extended the deadline for applications for its 'twinning' fund to Friday 18 September. The ELIPTIC twinning fund aims at supporting the take-up of ELIPTIC's sustainable measures with regard to electrification of public transport in European cities and supporting the transfer of measures from ELIPTIC partner cities to eleven 'twin' cities. Co-funding of up to 100% is available to successful applicants and a maximum amount of €15,000 per applicant. Applications may be submitted by individual or teams of organisations. The ELIPTIC twinning fund offers two different take-up levels and activities, which range from inspirational - such as workshops and study tours - to...
ELIPTIC call for twinning cities open
The ELIPTIC twinning fund aims at supporting the take-up of ELIPTIC's sustainable measures with regard toelectrification of public transport in European cities. The twinning fund is a financing mechanism within the ELIPTIC project which aims to support the transfer of measures from ELIPTIC partner cities to 'twin' cities. Co-funding of up to 100% is available to successful applicants and a maximum amount of €15,000 per applicant. Applications may be submitted by individual or teams of organisations. The ELIPTIC twinning fund offers two different take-up levels and activities, which range from inspirational - such as workshops and study tours - to small-scale study activities. The selected...
ELIPTIC project kicks off: optimising existing electric infrastructure and rolling stock
Electrification of public transport in cities (ELIPTIC), a Research and Innovation action funded under the Horizon 2020 Work Programme, kicked-off on 2-3 June in Brussels. The aim of ELIPTIC is to develop new use concepts and business cases to optimise existing electric infrastructure and rolling stock, saving both money and energy. ELIPTIC will advocate electric public transport sector at the political level and help develop political support for the electrification of public transport across Europe. ELIPTIC will look at three thematic pillars:


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August Warncke (* 12. März 1861 in Neubrandenburg; † 16. Februar 1947 ebenda) war ein deutscher Handwerker, Bauunternehmer und Politiker.

Leben
Warncke war Zimmermann und Bauunternehmer in Neubrandenburg. Als SPD-Mitglied gehörte er der Verfassunggebenden Versammlung von Mecklenburg-Strelitz an.

Literatur
 Andreas Frost: Aufbruch in die Demokratie. Landtage und Abgeordnete in Mecklenburg-Strelitz und Mecklenburg-Schwerin zwischen 1918 und 1920. Landeszentrale für politische Bildung Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Schwerin 2019, ISBN 9783981643978, S. 83.

Landtagsabgeordneter (Mecklenburg-Strelitz)
Deutscher
Geboren 1861
Gestorben 1947
Mann
SPD-Mitglied

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Expat's rape case back in court
The case of an expatriate man accused of raping his step-daughter last year in Honiara will be brought back to the court on March 28. This is for the mention of the case while waiting for the High Court to hear stay application which the accused's lawyer has lodged on his behalf. The application is…
Man to enter plea
A man facing an attempted murder and fire-arm charges will enter his pleas this Thursday, in the Honiara Magistrates' Court. Enoch Kodo was supposed to enter his plea yesterday but since his lawyer was not present in court he will do that on the next court date. He told the court his lawyer informed him…
Committal hearing on Mbike case tomorrow
A committal hearing will be conducted tomorrow in the Honiara Magistrates' Court on the case of the four of the five people accused of the Mbike Island shooting incident. Aikan Maelausia, Harrison Niumalefo, Billy Kanakana Ringasui and Julyn Mika have appeared briefly yesterday and their matter further adjourned for the committal hearing. A fifth accused,…
Opposition calls for removal of PAs in PMO harassment claim
THE Parliamentary Opposition Group has acknowledged the Prime Minister's stance in taking a tough stand against the alleged sexual harassment claims in his office. In a statement yesterday, the Opposition Group whilst welcoming the Prime Minister's stand on the issue, challenged him to immediately suspend the parties involved whilst thorough investigation must also proceed. "The…
Weekend crime update
The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (RSIPF) has conducted operation 'Zero Tolerance' in the capital Honiara over the weekend. The operation targeted anti-social behaviours, traffic offences and other nuisances. Officers deployed under the operation were on the lookout for offenders and were instructed to implement a zero tolerance approach. The reports attended and operational data…
US pays tribute to statesman
THE United States (US) government through its embassy in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea shares condolences on the passing of statesman Sir Peter Kenilorea. A statement from the embassy on Monday said Sir Peter's service for the Solomon Islands will be 'fondly' remembered. "We are deeply saddened to hear of the passing of Right Honorable…
Suggestion on late Sir Peter's final resting place
Since the passing away of the founding father of the nation late Sir Peter Kenilorea last Thursday, many citizens quickly suggested that his body should be laid to rest at the National Parliament area. Many citizens in the country believe that such national leader should be laid at the National Parliament as the national icon…
Traffic during state funeral procession
HONIARA city will be expecting temporary disruption with the traffic this morning during the funeral procession of the late Sir Peter Kenilorea. The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force (RSIPF) will be conducting traffic controls and will be disrupting traffic within parts Honiara City this morning. A statement from the Police said, "the temporary traffic disruption…
Sir Allen pays tribute
FORMER Prime Minister, Sir Allen Kemakeza has paid tribute to late Sir Peter Kenilorea for his contribution in government, politics and nation building. Sir Peter, a statesman and the nation's first Prime Minister died at the National Referral Hospital(NRH) in Honiara last Thursday 25th February 2016, at age 72. He led the country to attain…
Announcement of by-election results
A press conference will be held at Honiara City Council's chambers on Thursday 3rd March 2016 at 10am to announce the results of the by election of Vuhokesa ward in Central Honiara.. The by-election will be held tomorrow. The by-election Returning Officer will be present as will the Acting Lord Mayor and City Clerk to…
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What Does Uptime for Servers Mean? How to Achieve It?
What Does Uptime for Servers Mean?
Our entire modern life revolves around the hardware at the heart of the new digital world. The world that enables online gaming, financing, marketing, gambling, shopping, banking, and trading. And servers are the backbone of that world. Stored in highly secure buildings with tight climate controls, with multiple backup systems, servers power every webhost service, every website, and every major company on the internet. To ensure the smooth running of servers you need to ask yourself one question – what does uptime for servers mean?
In an ideal world, when you buy an electronic hardware you should be able to have certainty that it will perform as intended, for at least the amount of time stated in the warranty. However, with highly complex, interlinked and networked machinery like servers, things become very uncertain. This is where the term 'server uptime' comes in, in an attempt to measure the real-world, successful operational time of the server vs the time in which the server system is out of operation. Therefore, ' what does uptime for servers mean? ' is the most important question a business owner, or a heavy user of online services, should ask.
Deriving server uptime percentage from a particular server farm is achieved after a prolonged operation of servers, so it is often referred to as a standard to achieve certain level of cost-effectiveness. Depending on the money invested, and the load straining the servers, the server uptime could range from one day to one month of continuous workload. Server uptime can be affected by three factors: scheduled maintenance, upgrade installation, and the worst of all – malfunction/error.
Server downtime is the enemy of any online business. It destroys credibility and reputation of both the service providers and users. Which is why we need to figure out the best practices when answering the question – what does uptime for servers mean? How do we ensure that server uptime is as long as possible, while at the same time not going overboard with spending money to assure that ideal server uptime?
First that needs to be done is careful, systemic research on the most cost-effective hardware, specifically server enclosures or racks. How are they rated, do they provide sufficient ventilation, can they be easily stacked for future expansions, etc. When you are reasonably certain that this foundation is sound, you should move on to backup systems, both for the servers and for the power. Then, consider the environment in which the servers are placed; is the climate control sufficient, and is there a power backup for the entire building. Lastly, introduce preventative maintenance routines, expert oversight, monitoring tools, and firewalls against malicious attacks.
It may seem shallow to invoke 'common sense' when dealing with such complex systems as servers. However, when it all comes down to it, you are dealing with honesty vs dishonesty with yourself. Yes, various preventative measures that almost always lead to long server uptime do cost more, but if you do not want to cripple your reputation you have to take them as necessary expenditures, instead of optional expenditures. Make sure that becomes your baseline standard and you will be fine.


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RUFUS HOUND AND KATY BRAND TO JOIN THE WEST END CAST OF EVERYBODY'S TALKING ABOUT JAMIE
Everybody's Talking About Jamie is delighted to announce that actor, comedian and presenter Rufus Hound and actor, writer and comedian Katy Brand will be joining the cast this March to play Hugo/Loco Chanelle and Miss Hedge at the Apollo Theatre in London's West End.
Katy Brand said, "Joining the cast of Everybody's Talking About Jamie is a truly thrilling opportunity for me. If I could tell my teenage self that I would one day have the chance to perform in a huge hit show on the West End stage, that girl would pinch herself. Jamie gets to realise his dream every night, and now so do I!"
Rufus Hound said, "I'm absolutely thrilled to be going into the cast of Everybody's Talking About Jamie – a brilliant, brave and British smash hit. I have been waxing for the last year in anticipation and am currently so tucked I may as well be a Ken doll. Bring. It. On."
Katy Brand will play Miss Hedge from 3 March until 20 June 2020 and Rufus Hound will play Hugo/Loco Chanelle from 16 March until 30 May 2020. Book your tickets here.


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Physicians tend to be goal-oriented achievers. To get through the trials by fire of medical school and residency, they had to be laser-focused on a one-step-at-a-time approach. So it's not surprising that many think of retirement as an opportunity to complete tasks or activities that they never had time for during their busy careers.
Some call this a bucket list: activities to do before you "kick the bucket." The freedom to do things that you never got around to while working is certainly one of the benefits of retirement. And while making a list can be useful, it's important to recognize that retirement is not just a 20-year (or more!) vacation. It's a whole new chapter of your life.
The nature of the profession presents many physicians with special challenges when they retire. Many have put much of their energy into their job. Their identity has been closely tied to their career, and they're used to being very busy. As a physician, if you don't have a plan for how to replace those elements when you move into this new phase, you risk undermining the quality of your life.
By their nature, bucket lists are highly personal. But if you're involved in an important relationship, such as with a spouse or partner, adapting to changes in that relationship will already be one of the biggest challenges of retirement. So adding the complexity of aligning bucket lists may not be feasible.
That's just one example of a broader point. Physicians as a group tend to be passionate, driven individuals. If that sounds like you, it's wise to acknowledge that. And when you do, you'll recognize that you'll need to remain passionate—to find ways of channelling that energy after you retire.
The upshot: You've had clear goals throughout your professional life. That's unlikely to change. At the same time, your new goals should evolve, and you may need to adapt them. And remember that they're not written in stone: They're just one part of the whole picture of your new life circumstances.


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Tag: raw honey
Is Manuka Honey Really Better than Other Honey?
April 29, 2018 May 4, 2018 Leave a comment
The Nature of Honey
Honey is one of the most fascinating and complex substances on the planet. But what is it, exactly? Produced by bees, honey is made from nectar -a sugary liquid- collected from flowering plants. Bees transport it to the hive in an area of their body known as the 'crop'. While there, the nectar mixes with enzymes that change its chemical composition and ph. Once in the hive honeybees process the nectar, adding proteins, enzymes and nutrients. They fan it with their wings to encourage evaporation and thickening reducing the water content to 17.1 percent. Sealed in the honeycomb with wax away from air and water, honey can be stored indefinitely, providing bees with a nutritionally complete food source for use during winter months.
The medicinal importance of honey has been documented in the world's oldest medical literature, and since ancient times it has been known to possess antimicrobial properties as well as wound-healing activity. The healing property of honey can be attributed to the fact that it offers antibacterial activity, maintains a moist wound condition, and its high viscosity helps to provide a protective barrier to prevent infection. The antimicrobial activity in honey is due to the presence of enzymatically produced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methylglyoxal, and defensin-1 protein. Defensin-1 protein was only recently discovered as a protein which is part of a bee's immune system. Levels of antimicrobial activity and other nutrients will vary slightly in all honey depending on complex factors such as the bees foraging habits, availability of foraging materials, weather patterns during a given season, the time of year, and likely factors only bees understand.
What is Manuka Honey?
Manuka Honey is a type of honey that comes from Australia and New Zealand where bees forage in areas containing an abundance of Manuka trees (Leptospermum scoparium). In the early 1980's biochemist Dr.Peter Molan received funding from the New Zealand Honey Industry Trust to research the antibacterial properties of Manuka Honey. To distinguish the different types of Manuka Honey based on the degree of antibacterial/antimicrobial activity they possess, Molan developed a grading system he called the UMF (Unique Manuka Factor).
This grading system can only be used to distinguish between different types of manuka honey. It cannot be used to compare Manuka honey to other honeys. Manuka honey remains the single most widely studied honey because of the large body of research Dr. Molan produced over his career. This coupled with a heavy marketing investment on the part of the New Zealand government for its sale as a medicinal honey has grown it into a global empire. It has been touted as the super 'healer' honey of all honeys. But is it?
Basic Chemical Composition of all Honey
Chemically all honey is about 82% carbohydrate, those being fructose (38.2%) and glucose (31%); sucrose, maltose, isomaltose, maltulose, turanose and kojibiose. Additional substances it is known to contain are the enzymes invertase, amylase, glucose oxidase and catalase. It contains the acid phosphorylase plus eighteen free amino acids. Honey contains trace amounts of the B vitamins riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, pantothenic acid and vitamin B6. It also contains ascorbic acid (vitamin C), and the minerals calcium, iron, zinc, potassium, phosphorous, magnesium, selenium, chromium and manganese.
The main group of antioxidants in honey are the flavonoids, of which one, pinocembrin, is unique to honey and bee propolis. Ascorbic acid, catalase and selenium are also antioxidants. Other compounds
honey contains are organic acids such as acetic, butanoic, formic, citric, succinic, lactic, malic, pyroglutamic and gluconic acids, and a number of aromatic acids. Honey contains hydroxymethylfurfural, and prebiotics, and as mentioned above it gains its known antimicrobial properties from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), methylglyoxal, and defensin-1 protein.
Raw vs. Commercial Honey
Regular or commercial honey is pasteurized (heated to high temperatures) and filtered to kill any natural, healthy yeast that may be present which will eventually cause fermentation.
Raw honey is honey in its most natural state, meaning it has not been strained, filtered or heated.
Any processing, including gamma irradiation will alter some of the natural properties of honey.
Is Manuka Honey Better?
Put simply, honeys other than Manuka have not been studied as extensively, if at all. So there is limited evidence to suggest Manuka honey is superior because there aren't comparative studies. Also, it is important to note that not all Manuka honeys are equal. Like all honey, composition varies slightly from hive to hive and from season to season. In conclusion, while some Manuka honey may be slightly superior to certain other honeys, the evidence to conclusively suggest this does not exist.
10 Health Benefits of Honey
Helps prevent cancer and heart disease:
Honey contains flavonoids, antioxidants which help reduce the risk of some cancers and heart disease.
Reduces ulcers and other gastrointestinal disorders:
Honey treatment may help disorders such as ulcers and bacterial gastroenteritis. This may be related to the 3rd benefit…
Anti-bacterial and anti-fungal:
"All honey is antibacterial, because the bees add an enzyme that makes hydrogen peroxide," said Peter Molan, director of the Honey Research Unit at the University of Waikato in New Zealand. This contributes to the incredibly
Increases athletic performance:
Ancient Olympic athletes ate honey and dried figs to enhance their performance. This has now been verified with modern studies, showing that it is superior in maintaining glycogen levels and improving recovery time than other sweeteners.
Reduces cough and throat irritation:
Honey helps with coughs, particularly buckwheat honey. In a study of 110 children, a single dose of buckwheat honey was just as effective as a single dose of dextromethorphan in relieving nocturnal cough and allowing proper sleep.
Balances the 5 elements:
Honey has been used in Ayurvedic medicine in India for at least 4,000 years and is considered to affect all three of the body's primitive material imbalances positively. It is also said to be useful in improving eyesight, weight loss, curing impotence and premature ejaculation, urinary tract disorders, bronchial asthma, diarrhea and nausea.
Honey is referred as "Yogavahi" since it has a quality of penetrating the deepest tissues of the body. When honey is used with other herbal preparations, it enhances the medicinal qualities of those preparations and also helps them to reach the deeper tissues.
Helps regulate blood sugar:
Even though honey contains simple sugars, it is not the same as white sugar or artificial sweeteners. Its exact combination of fructose and glucose actually helps the body regulate blood sugar levels. Some honeys have a low hypoglycemic index, so they don't jolt your blood sugar. (Watch this video Sweetener Comparison where I compare stevia, brown rice syrup, honey, molasses and agave, and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each.)
Heals wounds and burns:
External application of honey has been shown to be as effective as conventional treatment with silver sulfadiazene. It is speculated that the drying effect of the simple sugars and honey's anti-bacterial nature combine to create this effect.
Is probiotic:
Some varieties of honey possess large amounts of friendly bacteria. This includes up to 6 species of lactobacilli and 4 species of bifidobacteria. This may explain many of the mysterious therapeutic properties of honey.
Helps improve skin:
Its anti-bacterial qualities are particularly useful for the skin, and, when used with the other ingredients, honey can also be moisturizing and nourishing.