text:
Legal Marijuana and Tobacco Industry Paranoia: A 1979 Time-Capsule of Investigative Journalism
Tags: marijuana, tobacco, 1970s, investigative journalism
A tin of marijuana cigarettes from the Research Triangle Institute in North Carolina.
I wrote the article and sidebar below, about the tobacco industry's efforts to gear up for the legalization of marijuana, on spec for The Nation, in 1979. Since I couldn't definitively prove that the tobacco industry was gearing up for marijuana legalization, The Nation passed.
A few weeks ago, I read the story for the first time in 38 years and found another flaw: I'd buried the lead. I should have begun with the Philip Morris corporation's legal action against a small Long Island drug-paraphernalia manufacturer. But who knows if even that would have made a difference?
This time capsule of amateur investigative journalism has never been published. I'm publishing it now, exactly as I wrote it then.
Armies of journalists have invested a great deal of time during the past 15 years attempting to unravel a web of marijuana rumor and misinformation so complex it defies clarification. They've met with little success. Chasing bizarre leads into every segment of government and industry, occasionally managing to dispose of some of the more ludicrous rumors, they've created a paranoiac atmosphere where new rumors—as absurd and tantalizing as the ones they've put to rest—breed like bacteria in a petri dish.
The most widespread, persistent rumors concern the tobacco industry's plans to gear up for the inevitable legalization of pot. It's not true, for example, as Time magazine reported on January 11, 1971 that "One of the very biggest cigarette makers is experimenting with pot cigarettes in Puerto Rico." Nor is it true, as James Ridgeway reported in the April 1971 Ramparts, "Justice Department officials asked Philip Morris to design and make a marijuana cigarette for test purposes." It's entirely believable, but probably not true either, as Jack Anderson said in his syndicated column of July 22, 1976, "Tobacco companies have set aside choice southern land for future marijuana harvests, competent sources say."
No solid evidence has ever been documented linking the tobacco industry to marijuana. Yet, they remain terrified of even the vaguest associations, and vehemently deny everything. Stories like the ones printed in Time and Ramparts have provoked the industry to treat the press with contempt and hostility, an attitude that invariably spawns more rumors.
The trail of every rumor linking the tobacco industry to marijuana always leads to the same place: the Research Triangle in the pine woods near Durham, North Carolina. An industrial park conceived 20 years ago, its purpose was to stop the "brain drain" of PhDs from North Carolina State University, the University of North Carolina, and Duke University to greener, out-of-state pastures. The Research Triangle Institute (RTI) is one of the many corporations located within the park. Its research ranges from the "study of catastrophic illness addressing spinal injury" to "data analysis and survey procedures for measuring pupil's English language proficiency" to clinical studies of marijuana, which have been going on since 1969, funded by the National Institute of Drug Abuse (NIDA) to the tune of $220,000 per year. It has a reputation of being one of the top research laboratories in the world. Perhaps it is only a coincidence that this is where the government has chosen to set up its joint-rolling factory—in the heart of tobacco country.
The government has chosen to set up its joint-rolling factory in the heart of tobacco country.
Commonly known as Durham's third cigarette maker (along with American Tobacco and Liggett & Meyers), it's no secret what's being manufactured in RTI. Rumors of potential rips offs, hijacked marijuana shipments, kidnapped employees and links to tobacco companies abound.
"Security is a delicate area," said Dr. Monroe Wall, President of Chemistry and Life Science. "You don't want the Mafia to come down here and raid the area."
"Our attitude isn't one for paranoia, but we have reason to be apprehensive sometimes," added C.X. Larrabee, Public Relations Director, referring to the rumors.
Three years ago, RTI acquired from one of the local tobacco companies an old cigarette rolling machine and a retired employee familiar with the "Rube Goldberg–like" instrument who helped convert it for the production of marijuana cigarettes. Originally, Dr. Wall said that they appealed directly to the tobacco companies for assistance in setting up the operation, but "paranoid" about any associations with marijuana, they refused. It took several months to get the machine operational.
Now, also under NIDA contract, Columbian, Mexican and Jamaican dope is shipped in 60 kilo barrels and crates marked "First Class Registered Mail" to RTI from the government pot farm at the University of Mississippi at Oxford. There, under the auspices of project director Dr. Carlton Turner (who denied rumors that tobacco companies frequently request information on growing marijuana), about 1,000 kilograms of 50 to 100 varieties of the most potent pot on the planet—some five times stronger than anything you can cop on the street—are growing on 5½ acres or rich, Mississippi topsoil.
The Research Triangle Institute rolls about 100,000 joints per year.
RTI rolls a ton of marijuana per year, about 100,000 joints, and processes some into liquid and pills, which are mostly used for glaucoma research. It's a five-man operation and two people are needed to run the machine which, churns out 1,000 perfectly rolled 9-gram joints per minute. The size of non-filter cigarettes, stamped at one end with a thin red line and an "M" for marijuana, the carefully monitored THC content (the major psychotropic agent) ranges from 1% to 2.5%. (Average street dope, according to NIDA is .8% THC content.)
"If we sold the 2.5% THC marijuana on the street for $75 an ounce," Richard Hawks, a chemist in NIDA's research division commented, "people would be getting a bargain."
Rolling goes on four or five times a year. Joints are packed 350 to a container the size of a coffee can. Some is stockpiled in a bank vault. The rest is distributed at no expense to researchers in the United States and Europe—provided they're licensed and involved in legitimate research programs—and to a government pharmacy in Washington DC where Bob Randall, a 28-year-old glaucoma victim, the first and once the only legal pot smoker in the country, fills his prescription for 70 joints per week, which he receives in brown prescription jars with "child-proof" caps.
RTI officials stressed that their research is "legitimate," "there's nothing to hide," and there are no links with the tobacco industry. Yet, they did everything possible to hide two simple, perhaps even trivial facts: Who supplied the rolling machine and who supplies the rolling paper. In tracking down this information, it becomes clear why a cloud of rumor hangs over RTI. Why should it take one month and more than 100 phone calls to ascertain information which in the end seems meaningless? The search for the information, not the information itself, indicates somebody is working very hard to cover up links between RTI and the tobacco industry.
As it turned out, the rolling machine came from the American Tobacco Company via Gonzalez International of Baltimore, a used machinery firm that specializes in tobacco machinery. The rolling paper is supplied by Ecusta Inc., a division of Olin Inc.—hardly astounding information.
Originally, officials at American claimed they knew nothing about one of their cigarette rolling machines being used to roll joints at RTI. Though, after being told his company was identified as the source of the machine, Cleveland Kern, the manufacturing director, recalled the entire transaction and remembered that RTI even asked to borrow one of their employees to set up the machine. But a superior in the corporate hierarchy quickly contradicted him. "We disposed of the machine to Gonzalez," Robert Stinnette, assistant to the chairman of the board, claimed. "What they did with it after that is their business." He was not able to explain how Mr. Kern knew the machine was being used at RTI.
The case with Ecusta was more complex. "They are doing a favor for the government and for science," Dr. Wall explained. "The amount of paper they supply us with is negligible. They make no money off it. They don't want their name associated with marijuana. If it is, we're afraid they'll withdraw the supply. Because of what the paper is used for, it was difficult to find a supply."
Ecusta, located in Pisgah Forest, North Carolina, the largest of three rolling paper manufacturers in the country, wasn't difficult to find. A secretary answered the telephone. She thought I was a potential customer referred to them by RTI, whom she recognized as a customer. Then she realized I was a reporter and transferred me to the marketing director who claimed he "wasn't aware RTI was an account of ours." Later, though, he confirmed it.
If the amount of paper they supply to RTI is "negligible," why did a secretary immediately recognize the name? Perhaps the amount isn't negligible. One of the many rumors flying about suggests RTI manufactures 500,000 joints per year, not 100,000.
RTI felt confident if Ecusta was publicly identified as the source of their rolling paper, the company wouldn't hesitate to cut off their supply and legitimate marijuana research would be "seriously damaged."
An Ecusta spokesman said they wouldn't cut off the supply under any circumstances, but quickly added, "We don't pander to the marijuana trade," implying his concern for rumors that they did pander to the marijuana trade. Ecusta supplies paper to US Tobacco, the makers of Zig-Zag, a perennial joint rolling classic.
A lot of people believe a rumor fueled by ex–California Governor Ronald Reagan, who said, in 1972, that 14 tobacco companies have already registered trademarks like Acapulco Gold and Panama Red for use on marijuana products after legalization. Mr. Reagan was apparently unaware it's impossible to register a trademark for a non-existent, or worse yet, illegal product.
It is true, though, that the General Cigar and Tobacco Company has registered the trademark "Tijuana Smalls" for their commercially successful little cigar. It's been suggested that this trademark is being used only temporarily. Once marijuana is legalized, General Cigar can switch the trademark from cigars to pot. Though possible it's unlikely. Switching names is a terrible business practice that only leads to consumer confusion. Imagine the shock of a loyal Tijuana Smalls smoker whose favorite little cigar suddenly appears on the market with a 2% THC content and has him hallucinating long before his fifth puff.
The latest breaking marijuana rumor, though, is the most believable to come along in years. It's public record that Philip Morris Inc., an international conglomerate with revenues of $6 billion per year, has blocked a trademark application for "The Lid," by Brasshead Inc., a small Long Island paraphernalia manufacturing company. Philip Morris claims it interferes with its product, Lido cigarettes.
You've probably never heard of Lido mentholated cigarettes. Philip Morris originally registered the name in 1957. Test marketing of the product began in 1969, in Venezuela, Costa Rica, and the United States, and still continues today. Though Philip Morris marketing executives prefer the term "diminishing results," Lido has been a commercial disaster. Twelve hundred packs were sold in the United States in 1978. In Venezuela, sales between 1974 and 1977 dropped from 36.5 million packs to 9.9 million. Clearly, Lido cigarettes are going nowhere fast. Yet, test marketing continues, and in 1975 the trademark was renewed for another 20 years.
Brasshead Inc. of West Babylon, Long Island, a tiny member of the $350 million a year drug paraphernalia industry, was formed in 1970 by Mike Michaels, its 30-year-old president. Michaels, in 1975, came up with a relatively innocuous product called "The Lid," classic street slang for an ounce of pot. In a zip-lock plastic bag, he packages a small, wooden hash pipe, extra screens, a roach clip, and rolling papers. It retails for $1.99. When he tried to register the trademark "Lid," Philip Morris formally objected, in part because it said that Lid so resembled Lido that it was deceptive, would cause the consumer to confuse the two products, and would lead to the belief that Philip Morris manufactured both products.
"We're not interested in marijuana because we can't make enough money on it," a Philip Morris spokesman said. "People can't smoke 20–30 joints a day."
How anybody can confuse a kit for getting stoned with a pack of mentholated cigarettes known mostly in Venezuela and Costa Rica may very well be one of the more intriguing questions of the day. Philip Morris doesn't have a particularly good answer. "We're not interested in marijuana because we can't make enough money on it," a spokesman said. "People can't smoke 20–30 joints a day." It's a straightforward trademark case, they claimed, and as always, they're ever-vigilant in protecting trademarks because they don't want to see the laws eroded.
Michaels finds the case absurd. "Why should Philip Morris bother us on a trademark they've more or less abandoned here?" he wondered. "Maybe they're trying to save the name in case marijuana is legalized. To me the name isn't even important. I can call it 'Bib' and still sell the same amount. It's a matter of principle."
A number of patent lawyers agree the case is "peculiar." Nobody has ever heard of one quite like it, in which a major conglomerate, protecting a trademark for a doomed product, contests a distantly related trademark by a much smaller company.
It seems entirely possible that when marijuana is legalized, Philip Morris could simply drop the "o" from Lido and call a marijuana product "Lid." If Lido cigarettes should suddenly vanish from the marketplace, unlike Tijuana Smalls, you can be sure nobody will miss them, not even Philip Morris. A phone call to its Park Avenue headquarters revealed only one person who ever heard of the product. It took several days to locate him.
There's one provocative rumor that will probably never die no matter what's proven or disproven: Tobacco companies stand to make the fortune of the century when marijuana is legalized. Pot, according to the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is a $48 billion a year business, the third largest in the country, behind only General Motors and Exxon, which are tied for first at $53 billion. Naturally, like good businessmen, tobacco moguls are gearing up on all fronts—production, advertising, marketing, and agricultural. When legalization hits, they'll be ready to roll joints within the hour.
Tobacco companies have already made one of the fortunes of the century. In the process of promoting lung cancer, emphysema, and heart disease, they've also drawn intense criticism from such people as Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Joseph Califano, a vigilant anti-smoking campaigner. Companies insist that the last thing they want is more government heat from marijuana, which some studies show is more harmful to the lungs than tobacco because it's inhaled more deeply and remains in the lungs longer.
"We don't need marijuana," tobacco companies say, claiming they're so rich and diversified, if cigarettes were outlawed tomorrow, they wouldn't go out of business. Philip Morris, for instance, not only makes Marlboro, Benson and Hedges, Merit, Parliament, Virginia Slims, and Multifilter, but also Miller Beer, Lowenbrau, and 7Up.
Rumor naturally lurks behind the DEA's claim that pot is a $48-billion industry. The enforcement of marijuana laws, the DEA's principle obsession, is as much a business as selling marijuana itself. It keeps men working. They claim $48 billion in order to wangle a bigger budget from Congress. Without grass, the agency would be forced to exclusively pursue more dangerous drug criminals, like heroin and cocaine smugglers, who are more difficult to collar because their contraband is trafficked in much smaller quantities.
More realistic estimates from the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORMAL) and Penthouse magazine peg marijuana sales somewhere between $4 and $12 billion, which at least holds a respectable position on the Fortune Top 100.
For the time being, at least, it's possible that tobacco companies really aren't gearing up for marijuana. Legalization, according to NORMAL—who already has brought about decriminalization in 11 states—is at least 7–15 years off. Before legalization can occur, international treaty obligations, which call for the prosecution of drug criminals, must first be repealed, and then, legalization would still be two years off. The tobacco companies know there's no reason to stand poised with a finger on the joint-rolling button. If a crash program were invoked, it's estimated that they could be rolling marijuana cigarettes in six to nine months.
Getting High in the White House
Only God knows how many reporters have been looking for drugs in the White House since Jimmy Carter took office. With a son who was thrown out of the Navy for toking up on board ship, a Rolling Stone endorsement by notorious gonzo journalist Dr. Hunter S. Thompson, who promptly told High Times about snorting cocaine with the White House staff and press corps, and the sudden departure of Drug Advisor Dr. Peter Bourne for writing bogus Quaalude prescriptions for a White House secretary and snorting cocaine with NORMAL Director Keith Stroup, the paranoia there is intense. Just call up the press office and ask about pot. It doesn't matter what the question is. As soon as they hear "marijuana," the answer is, "No drugs are used inside the White House and anybody found doing so will be fired.
Former speechwriter for the Secretary of the Air Force, Bob Rosen, a New York based freelance writer, recently completed a book on the Pentagon, Ground Zero Paranoia.
I invite you to join me on Facebook or follow me on Twitter. Read More


Martyn Sibley recently sold a business to AirBnB.
He has many other business successes under his belt and is a regular presenter on TV and radio. He travels the world hosting inclusion events and likes to take part in high adrenaline adventures.
His favourites are skiing down the Catalan mountains, hot air ballooning above Barcelona, scuba diving in Tenerife, and Husky dog sledging in – 32° in Helsinki.
Martyn's longest adventure was the 1000 mile trip from John O'Groats in Scotland to Land's End in Cornwall, England. In his wheelchair.
Martyn was recently voted the third most influential disabled person in the Power 100 list.
In this talk Martyn, with his customary humour and insights, explains how he manages to do all the things he does from his wheelchair, how he learned to use social media to build his influence and start and run successful businesses.
With a Masters in marketing and a few years working for the disability charity, Scope, Martyn took a risk and started his own business. He knew that through the relatively new medium of blogging and social media (circa 2008), he could make a positive change for disabled people.
It started slowly but over time he found his voice. Martyn learned what disabled people and their families needed. He networked on and offline. He worked for free. He had patience and resilience in equal measures.
Eventually, he was asked on to BBC breakfast and Radio 2, to write for the Guardian, to speak at big inclusion events, and to present accessible tourism videos.
8 years of hard work had paid off!
So recently Martyn has found himself with a lot of 'influence' and power in his field.


c1900 A carriage bearing the name of G.J.Guyer, purveyor of 'High class Provisions' of 403-05 Brixton Road, stands outside N.W.Hubbard's coal merchant (est. 1869) in Popes Road. The coach advertises a service between Brixton and Norwood Cemetery.
Towering above Hubbard's corrugated shack can be seen the coal staithes. These brought coal to the row of coal merchants populating Pope's Road by means of an elevated set of two railway sidings.
The wagons dropped their coal into storage spaces below. I managed to see one photo from track level and the whole thing was made from wood, and was looking very tatty by the mid 1950s.
I'm guessing that it was taken down by the early 1960s at the latest - if anyone has any photos, I'd love to see them!
July 2009 The coal depot and merchants on Pope's Road have long since been swept away, and the elevated railway dismantled.
A Kwik Save store stood on the site in the 90s, but it's now occupied by a series of small shops.
Detail from 1894 Ordnance Survey map showing location of coal depot. Click for larger image.
Here you can see the area (on Valentia Place, looking east) where the railway sidings would have fanned out from the railway line on the left to reach Pope's Road staithes (behind the camera).
Feb 2008 Looking west towards Popes Road from Valentia Place. The sidings would have been directly above to the right.


dorado Increase your productivity with a fully integrated solution dedicated to handle loose products with extreme care.
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or high with moving pallet (HM).
allowing to carry out any necessary operation in the safest possible conditions. Once unwrapped, the pallet can enter the machine.
are picked up by the dedicated beam or column-type devices. At last, the packs are extracted and proceed in a single row.
The maximum speed that can be reached by Dorado is 360 layers/hour, in the HM variant (high product infeed level and moving pallet).
For what concerns Dorado with the low product infeed level and steady pallet, it reaches a maximum speed of 150 layers/hour.


1595 South America by: Linschoten - The Vintage Map Shop, Inc. - the Vintage Map Shop, Inc.
This is a Vintage Map Shop reproduction of an authentic, antique map of South America by Jan Huygen Van Linschoten. The original map was published out of Amsterdam in 1596 as part of Linchoten's Itinerario.
This spectacular map of South America is one of the most ornate ever created, and is an important early depiction of this great continent. The map is displayed on a horizontal axis with a westward orientation. To the right, Florida, the Caribbean, and part of Central America are shown with exceptional detail, including well over 100 place names. The far left portion of the map shows Terra del Fuego as part of a massive continent, separated from South America by the Strait of Magellan.
The entire coastline of the South American continent is filled with names of towns, capes, rivers, and ports. The interior or the continent is filled with false mountain ranges, river, and lakes, as well as vignettes of Patagonian giants, Brazilian cannibals, scenes of natives at war or on the hunt, and several other creatures, including a wild cat with a striped tail and a human face. What would be empty spaces in the map are embellished with sailing ships, sea monsters, a compass rose, and two elaborate title cartouches.


In order to increase the overall expertise of Sweet Homes Group in the field of civil construction, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, lifts and facilities management, Sweet Homes General Contracting LLC was created to be the new arm of that entity which serves as the Contracting company in all Sweet Homes Group projects. Whereas the development of the master community project of Ajman Uptown is the first project of this company. Sweet Homes General Contracting LLC is fully qualified to address the needs of different sectors in terms of building challenging projects and offering wide ranging services, ranging from carpentry and interior design, elevators and manufacturing the steel of structure and cladding buildings with aluminum and even facilities management. Such capabilities provide Sweet Homes General Contracting LLC with the essential expertise for building the project from the drawing board until it is physical existence.
In general, the company aims to exploit the internal expertise in construction field for the benefit of its customers, and to achieve the best value for money.


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Russian Reality
How are citizens of Russia getting information about situation in a state and in the world. Russian news, propaganda.
Rapper from the US has started a fundraiser to prove that the Earth is flat
September 26, 2017 RR Society
MOSCOW, September 26 — RIA Novosti. American rapper B. o.B. has launched a crowdfunding campaign on the online GoFundMe service; these funds he plans to purchase and launch a few satellites to use the collected data to determine exactly what actually is the shape of our planet.
Formerly known performer not once questioned the generally accepted shape of the Earth on Twitter. To one of his posts, published last year, he taped a photo of herself at sunset. "The city in the background located approximately 16 miles from each other. Where is the bend? Please explain this," asked B. o.B.
The cities in the background are approx. 16miles apart… where is the curve ? please explain this pic.twitter.com/YCJVBdOWX7
— B. o.B (@bobatl) 25 January 2016
During the download an error has occurred.According to the newspaper the Independent, the rapper last year officially joined the flat Earth Society, whose members are trying to prove that our planet is disc-shaped.
All B. o.B. plans to collect 200 thousand dollars. Four days since the campaign managed to accumulate $ 700.
"Help B. o.B. to buy and launch several satellites into space. It will provide you with step-by-step recording of events! Help B. o.B. find bending!" — said in an accompanying statement on the website GoFundMe.
https://t.co/KFMbUTmjCq
— B. o.B (@bobatl) 21 September 2017
During the download an error has occurred.
Internet users actively commented on the idea of a musician. "I'll give you $ 1000 if you tell me what that curved shadow on the moon," wrote in the comments Marty Costello. "How much money would it take to put this guy in University? Obviously, it would be cheaper," said Joe PELAN.
Someone suggested B. o.B. to reach the edge of the Earth and make photo, some have wondered whether it is possible to trust by the satellites. There were also supporters, who supported the rapper and even asked to take them in.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Marine Wood, Core Materials, Starboard - Jamestown DistributorsCore Materials, wood, and Starboard. New materials and technology offer higher strength to weight ratios. The demand has yielded great progress in sandwich core composite technology, affordability, and selection. Sandwich core construction uses lightweight cores with flexural modulus and strength properties far greater than the materials used as skin laminates. Corecell, grid scored, double cut, divinycell, balsa wood, plain cell, and other mainstays of sandwich core construction.


Roguelite catacombs that evolve and expand with each of your successes.
Hundreds of items, enemies and rooms, and dozens of epic boss fights.
Fully playable with keyboard+mouse or gamepad.
5 difficulty levels range from "Relatively Easy" to "Nigh Impossible."
Play as a "head in a mech" harvested from the neck of everyone's favorite Hydral.
Find secrets of The Megalith, a giant structure lodged in a star, as you lose many heads.
Figure out what happened to Rodney, an AI redshirt of uncertain motives.
Over-the-top mod support. Detailed wiki: create enemies, items, weapons, and rooms.
Secrets! Among them "incredibilities" that massively change the way the game plays.
Varied mech suits: dipole magnetism, time control, and more.
Upgrade during each "run" via EXP/Perks, shops, and items found while exploring.
Graphics Screen resolution at least 720px high and 1024px wide.


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Archive for the 'Supreme Nacho' Category
TOMMY CHICAGO
Categories: Bob Lipski, Brian Bastian, Jimmy, Manly Tales of Cowardice, Supreme Nacho, Tommy Chicago, tommychicago.com, Ugly Rose, uptowngirlcomic.com and Weezer
TOMMY CHICAGO is a comedy and action comic started about 6 years ago by writer Brian Bastian and artist Bob Lipski about the exploits and of a not so well-intentioned detective (T.C), his loyal kid sidekick Jimmy, put-upon waitress Stella, and the various villians of TC's native Chilitown, USA (including the Ugly Rose, Weezer, Supreme Nacho, and many others).
While I didn't actually start reading TC until around issue 8 or so, it immediatly became my favorite comic, so much so that I insisted Brian and Bob do a TC back-up story for the first issue of my comic MANLY TALES OF COWARDICE.
Shortly after that, I asked Brian if he'd write a script for MANLY TALES #4 wherein TC and the MANLY TALES gang would meet, fight, and eventually team-up in a classic comic crossover fashion. Brian agreed to and I was pleased as punch!
In the months leading up to the actual production of the crossover in MTOC#4, Bob found out he was gunna be a daddy and decided he was going to have to limit his comic drawing commitments exclusivly to his monthly comic UPTOWN GIRL. Seeing my chance to be a part of the book I loved so, I asked Brian(and Bob) if could take over the art on TC, so Brian could at least finish the 12 issues story arc he was planning. Both thought it was a good idea, and the release of MTOC#4 confirmed that "good idea-ness".
But Brian got a idea. I don't know if I'd classify it as a "better" idea, but it was certainly a "different" idea.
And his idea was this:
Brian would convince Bob to finish the 12 issue run of TOMMY CHICAGO volume 1 (of which they had 3 more issues to do…and Bob DID agree), while he and I started TOMMY CHICAGO volume 2, a series that takes place 3 years AFTER volume one! (The stories of what happened in between those 3 years would be told in the TOMMY CHICAGO FREE COMIC BOOK DAY tales–and my first TC book would be the 2008 FREE COMIC BOOK DAY story, which was part 2 of this three year tale.)
Anyway…in the time between Brian's idea and now, we have done about 150 pages of post-TOMMY CHICAGO volume one content.
And finally, last month at the microcon comic convention, Brian and Bob FINALLY released the 12th and final issue of TOMMY CHICAGO (vol.1). It was a pretty stellar comic that managed to tie-up 11 issues and 6 years worth of scatalogical content in nice 30-some page package.
So, CONGRATS Brian and Bob! Ya done good!
To wrap this up, I should note as a way to acknowldge the change between Bob's art on volume 1 and mine on volume 2, we decided for the cover of issue 12 I would pencil and Bob would ink, and heres how that turned out….


Biofilms adhesion is one of the more important cost of industries plants on wide world, which use to water for cooling heat exchangers or are in contact with water. This study evaluated the effect of Electromagnetic Fields on biofilms in tubular heat exchangers using seawater cooling. The results showed an up to 40% reduction of the biofilm thickness compared to the untreated control tubes. The presence of organic matter was reduced by 75%, the inorganic mater was reduced by 87%, and 53% of the dissolved solids were eliminated. The biofilm thermal conductivity in the treated tube was reduced by 53% as compared to the control tube. The hardness in the effluent during the experimental period was decreased by 18% in the treated tubes compared with control tubes. Our results show that the electromagnetic fields treatment has a great potential in the process of removing biofilms in heat exchanger.
Biofilm, heat exchanger, electromagnetic fields, seawater.
The problem of thermal convection in temperature and magnetic field sensitive Newtonian ferromagnetic liquid is studied in the presence of uniform vertical magnetic field and throughflow. Using a combination of Galerkin and shooting techniques the critical eigenvalues are obtained for stationary mode. The effect of Prandtl number (Pr > 1) on onset is insignificant and nonlinearity of non-buoyancy magnetic parameter M3 is found to have no influence on the onset of ferroconvection. The magnetic buoyancy number, M1 and variable viscosity parameter, V have destabilizing influences on the system. The effect of throughflow Peclet number, Pe is to delay the onset of ferroconvection and this effect is independent of the direction of flow.
Ferroconvection, throughflow, temperature dependent viscosity, magnetic field dependent viscosity.
The effects of thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour parameters on mixed convection and nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in the presence of a magnetic field are investigated. The flow is subject to temperature dependent viscosity and a chemical reaction parameter. It is assumed that the nanoparticle volume fraction at the wall may be actively controlled. The physical problem is modelled using systems of nonlinear differential equations which have been solved numerically using a spectral relaxation method. In addition to the discussion on heat and mass transfer processes, the velocity, nanoparticles volume fraction profiles as well as the skin friction coefficient are determined for different important physical parameters. A comparison of current findings with previously published results for some special cases of the problem shows an excellent agreement.
Non-isothermal wedge, thermal radiation, nanofluid, magnetic field, Soret and Dufour effects.
This paper has focused on the most important parameters in the LSC uptake; inlet Re number and Sc number in the presence of non-uniform magnetic field. The magnetic field is arising from the thin wire with electric current placed vertically to the arterial blood vessel. According to the results of this study, applying magnetic field can be a treatment for atherosclerosis by reducing LSC along the vessel wall. Homogeneous porous layer as a arterial wall has been regarded. Blood flow has been considered laminar and incompressible containing Ferro fluid (blood and 4 % vol. Fe3O4) under steady state conditions. Numerical solution of governing equations was obtained by using the single-phase model and control volume technique for flow field.
LDL Surface Concentration (LSC), Magnetic field, Computational fluid dynamics, Porous wall.
This paper aims to analysis the behavior of DC corona discharge in wire-to-plate electrostatic precipitators (ESP). Currentvoltage curves are particularly analyzed. Experimental results show that discharge current is strongly affected by the applied voltage. The proposed method of current identification is to use the method of least squares. Least squares problems that of into two categories: linear or ordinary least squares and non-linear least squares, depending on whether or not the residuals are linear in all unknowns. The linear least-squares problem occurs in statistical regression analysis; it has a closed-form solution. A closed-form solution (or closed form expression) is any formula that can be evaluated in a finite number of standard operations. The non-linear problem has no closed-form solution and is usually solved by iterative.
Electrostatic precipitator, current-voltage characteristics, Least Squares method, electric field, magnetic field.
This paper presents the result of an experimental investigation regarding the use of Fe2O3 nanoparticles added to kerosene as a working fluid, under magnetic field for Copper Oscillating Heat pipe with inclination angle of 0°(horizontal), 15°, 30°,45°, 60°,75° and 90° (vertical). The following were examined; measure the temperature distribution and heat transfer rate on Oscillating Heat Pipe (OHP), with magnetic field under different angles. Results showed that the addition of Fe2O3 nanoparticles under magnetic field improved thermal performance of OHP especially in 75°.
Copper oscillating heat pipe, Fe2O3, magnetic field, inclination angles.
This work deals with the problem of MHD mixed convection in a completely porous and differentially heated vertical channel. The model of Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer with the Boussinesq approximation is adopted and the governing equations are solved by the finite volume method. The effects of magnetic field and buoyancy force intensities are given by the Hartmann and Richardson numbers respectively, as well as the Joule heating represented by Eckert number on the velocity and temperature fields, are examined. The main results show an augmentation of heat transfer rate with the decrease of Darcy number and the increase of Ri and Ha when Joule heating is neglected.
Heat sources, magnetic field, mixed convection, porous channel.
The number of persons with implanted cardiac pacemakers (PM) has increased in Western countries. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possible situations where persons with a PM may be exposed to extremely low frequency (ELF) electric (EF) and magnetic fields (MF) that may disturb their PM. Based on our earlier studies, it is possible to find such high public exposure to EFs only in some places near 400 kV power lines, where an EF may disturb a PM in unipolar mode. Such EFs cannot be found near 110 kV power lines. Disturbing MFs can be found near welding machines. However, we do not have measurement data from welding. Based on literature and earlier studies at Tampere University of Technology, it is difficult to find public EF or MF exposure that is high enough to interfere with PMs.
Cardiac Pacemaker, Electric Field, Magnetic Field.
The Ising ferromagnet, consisting of magnetic spins, is the simplest system showing phase transitions and critical phenomena at finite temperatures. The Ising ferromagnet has played a central role in our understanding of phase transitions and critical phenomena. Also, the Ising ferromagnet explains the gas-liquid phase transitions accurately. In particular, the Ising ferromagnet in a nonzero magnetic field has been one of the most intriguing and outstanding unsolved problems. We study analytically the partition function zeros in the complex magnetic-field plane and the Yang-Lee edge singularity of the infinite-range Ising ferromagnet in an external magnetic field. In addition, we compare the Yang-Lee edge singularity of the infinite-range Ising ferromagnet with that of the square-lattice Ising ferromagnet in an external magnetic field.
Ising ferromagnet, Magnetic field, Partition function zeros, Yang-Lee edge singularity.
One- and two-dimensional carbon nanostructures with sp2 hybridization of carbon atoms (single walled carbon nanotubes and graphene) are promising materials in future electronic and spintronics devices due to specific character of their electronic structure. In this paper we present a comparative study of graphene and single-wall carbon nanotubes by Raman spectro-microscopy in strong magnetic field. This unique method allows to study changes in electronic band structure of the two types of carbon nanostructures induced by a strong magnetic field.
Carbon nanostructures, magnetic field, Raman spectroscopy.
This paper examines the natural convection in a square enclosure filled with a water-Al2O3 nanofluid and is subjected to a magnetic field. The side walls of the cavity have spatially varying sinusoidal temperature distributions. The horizontal walls are adiabatic. Lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is applied to solve the coupled equations of flow and temperature fields. This study has been carried out for the pertinent parameters in the following ranges: Rayleigh number of the base fluid, Ra=103 to 106, Hartmann number varied from Ha=0 to 90, phase deviation (γ=0, π/4, π/2, 3π/4 and π) and the solid volume fraction of the nanoparticles between Ø = 0 and 6%. The results show that the heat transfer rate increases with an increase of the Rayleigh number but it decreases with an increase of the Hartmann number. For γ=π/2 and Ra=105 the magnetic field augments the effect of nanoparticles. At Ha=0, the greatest effects of nanoparticles are obtained at γ = 0 and π/4 for Ra=104 and 105 respectively.
Lattice Boltzmann Method, magnetic field, Natural convection, nanofluid, Sinusoidal temperature distribution.
An attempt has been made to study the effect of rotation on incompressible, electrically non-conducting ferrofluid in porous medium on Axi-symmetric steady flow over a rotating disk excluding thermal effects. Here, we solved the boundary layer equations with boundary conditions using Neuringer-Rosensweig model considering the z-axis as the axis of rotation. The non linear boundary layer equations involved in the problem are transformed to the non linear coupled ordinary differential equations by Karman's transformation and solved by power series approximations. Besides numerically calculating the velocity components and pressure for different values of porosity parameter with the variation of Karman's parameter we have also calculated the displacement thickness of boundary layer, the total volume flowing outward the z-axis and angle between wall and ferrofluid. The results for all above variables are obtained numerically and discussed graphically.
Ferrofluid, magnetic field porous medium, rotating disk.
The present study is carried out to investigate the magneto-viscous effects on incompressible ferrofluid flow over a porous rotating disc with suction or injection on the surface of the disc subjected to a magnetic field. The flow under consideration is axi-symmetric steady ferrofluid flow of electrically non-conducting fluid. Karman's transformation is used to convert the governing boundary layer equations involved in the problem to a system of non linear coupled differential equations. The solution of this system is obtained by using power series approximation. The flow characteristics i.e. radial, tangential, axial velocities and boundary layer displacement thickness are calculated for various values of MFD (magnetic field dependent) viscosity and for different values of suction injection parameter. Besides this, skin friction coefficients are also calculated on the surface of the disk. The results thus obtained are presented numerically and graphically in the paper.
Axi-symmetric, ferrofluid, magnetic field, porous rotating disk.
This research contribution is drafted to present the orbit design, orbit propagator and geomagnetic field estimator for the nanosatellites specifically for the upcoming CUBESAT, ICUBE-1 of the Institute of Space Technology (IST), Islamabad, Pakistan. The ICUBE mission is designed for the low earth orbit at the approximate height of 700KM. The presented research endeavor designs the Keplarian elements for ICUBE-1 orbit while incorporating the mission requirements and propagates the orbit using J2 perturbations, The attitude determination system of the ICUBE-1 consists of attitude determination sensors like magnetometer and sun sensor. The Geomagnetic field estimator is developed according to the model of International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) for comparing the magnetic field measurements by the magnetometer for attitude determination. The output of the propagator namely the Keplarians position and velocity vectors and the magnetic field vectors are compared and verified with the same scenario generated in the Satellite Tool Kit (STK).
CUBESAT, Geomagnetic Field, ICUBE-1, Orbit Propagator, Satellite.
Magnetohydrodynamic free convection fluid flow and heat transfer in a square cavity filled with an electric conductive fluid with Prandtl number of 0.7 has been investigated numerically. The horizontal bottom wall of the cavity was kept at Th while the side and the top walls of the cavity were maintained at a constant temperature Tc with Th>Tc. The governing equations written in terms of the primitive variables were solved numerically using the finite volume method while the SIMPLER algorithm was used to couple the velocity and pressure fields. Using the developed code, a parametric study was performed, and the effects of the Rayleigh number and the Hartman number on the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the cavity were investigated. The obtained results showed that temperature distribution and flow pattern inside the cavity depended on both strength of the magnetic field and Rayleigh number. For all cases two counter rotating eddies were formed inside the cavity. The magnetic field decreased the intensity of free convection and flow velocity. Also it was found that for higher Rayleigh numbers a relatively stronger magnetic field was needed to decrease the heat transfer through free convection.
Free Convection, Magnetic Field, Square Cavity, Numerical Simulation.
This part of study deals with description of unsteady isothermal melt flow in the container with cuboid shape. This melt flow is driven by rotating magnetic field. Input data (instantaneous velocities, grid coordinates and Lorentz forces) were obtained from in-house CFD code (called NS-FEM3D) which uses DDES method of computing. Description of the flow was performed by contours of Lorentz forces and caused velocity field. Taylor magnetic numbers of the flow were used 1.10^6, 5.10^6 and 1.10^7, flow was in 3D turbulent flow regime.
In-house computing code, Lorentz forces, magnetohydrodynamics, rotating magnetic field.
The structural stability of the model of a nonelectroneutral current sheath is investigated. The stationary model of a current sheath represents the system of four connected nonlinear differential first-order equations and thus they should manifest structural instability property, i.e. sensitivity to the infinitesimal changes of parameters and starting conditions. Domains of existence of the solutions of current sheath type are found. Those solutions of the current sheath type are realized only in some regions of sevendimensional space of parameters of the problem. The phase volume of those regions is small in comparison with the whole phase volume of the definition range of those parameters. It is shown that the offered model of a nonelectroneutral current sheath is applicable for theoretical interpretation of the bifurcational current sheaths observed in the magnetosphere.
Distribution function, electromagnetic field, magnetoactive plasma, nonelectroneutral current sheath, structural instability, bifurcational current sheath.
Staphylococcus aureus, one of the microflora in a human external auditory canal (EAC) is frequently exposed to highfrequency electromagnetic field (HF-EMF) generated by mobile phones. It is normally non-pathogenic but in certain circumstances, it can cause infections. This study investigates the changes in the physiology of S. aureus when exposed to HF-EMF of a mobile phone. Exponentially grown S. aureus were exposed to two conditions of EMF irradiation (standby-mode and on-call mode) at four durations; 15, 30, 45 and 60 min. Changes in the viability and biofilm production of the S. aureus were compared between the two conditions of exposure. EMF from the standby-mode has enhanced the growth of S. aureus but during on-call, the growth was suppressed. No significant difference in the amount of biofilm produced in both modes of exposure was observed. Thus, HF-EMF of mobile phone affects the viability of S. aureus but not its ability to produce biofilm.
The article reviews the current state of large-scale studies about the impact of electromagnetic field on natural environment. The scenario of investigations – simulation of natural conditions at the workplace, taking into consideration the influence both low and high frequency electromagnetic fields is shown.The biological effects of low and high frequency electromagnetic fields are below presented. Results of investigation with animals are shown. The norms and regulations concerning the levels of electromagnetic field intensity are reviewed.
In nature, electromagnetic fields always appear like atmosphere static electric field, the earth's static magnetic field and the wide-rang frequency electromagnetic field caused by lightening. However, besides natural electromagnetic fields (EMF), today human beings are mostly exposed to artificial electromagnetic fields due to technology progress and outspread use of electrical devices. To evaluate nuisance of EMF, it is necessary to know field intensity for every frequency which appears and compare it with allowed values. Low frequency EMF-s around transmission and distribution lines are time-varying quasi-static electromagnetic fields which have conservative component of low frequency electrical field caused by charges and eddy component of low frequency magnetic field caused by currents. Displacement current or field delay are negligible, so energy flow in quasi-static EMF involves diffusion, analog like heat transfer. Electrical and magnetic field can be analyzed separately. This paper analysis the numerical calculations in ELF-400 software of EMF in distribution substation in shopping center. Analyzing the results it is possible to specify locations exposed to the fields and give useful suggestion to eliminate electromagnetic effect or reduce it on acceptable level within the non-ionizing radiation norms and norms of protection from EMF.
Leading topic of this article is description of Lorentz forces in the container with cuboid and cylindrical shape. Inside of the container is an electrically conductive melt. This melt is driven by rotating magnetic field. Input data for comparing Lorentz forces in the container with cuboid shape were obtained from the computing program NS-FEM3D, which uses DDS method of computing. Values of Lorentz forces for container with cylindrical shape were obtained from inferred analytical formula.
A magnetohydrodynamic mixed convective flow in a cavity was studied in this paper. The lower surface of cavity was heated from below whereas other walls of the cavity were thermally isolated. The governing two-dimensional flow equations have been solved by using finite volume code. The effects of magnetic field were studied on flow and temperature field and heat transfer performance at a wide range of parameters, Such as Hartmann (0≤Ha≤100) and Reynolds (1≤Re≤100) numbers. The results showed that as Hartman number increases the Nusselt number, representing heat transfer from the cavity decreases.
Liposomal magnetofection is a simple, highly efficient technology for cell transfection, demonstrating better outcome than a number of other common gene delivery methods. However, aggregate complexes distribution over the cell surface is non-uniform due to the gradient of the permanent magnetic field. The aim of this study was to estimate the efficiency of liposomal magnetofection for prostate carcinoma PC3 cell line using newly designed device, "DynaFECTOR", ensuring magnetofection in a dynamic gradient magnetic field. Liposomal magnetofection in a dynamic gradient magnetic field demonstrated the highest transfection efficiency for PC3 cells – it increased for 21% in comparison with liposomal magnetofection and for 42% in comparison with lipofection alone. The optimal incubation time under dynamic magnetic field for PC3 cell line was 5 minutes and the optimal rotation frequency of magnets – 5 rpm. The new approach also revealed lower cytotoxic effect to cells than liposomal magnetofection.


text:
The Institute of Medical Sciences
Technology Hubs
Aberdeen team aiming to improve global standards for detection of leading cause of blindness
Eye scan
Diabetic retinopathy - a common complication of diabetes which occurs when high blood sugar levels damage the cells at the back of the eye - is the biggest cause of blindness in the working population globally.
It is treatable if detected early but standards of screening vary vastly around the world. Researchers from the University of Aberdeen and NHS Grampian are exporting Scottish expertise in the field to Africa, where diabetes is a growing problem, with the aim of improving international standards.
In 2007, Scotland became the first country to introduce a rigorous online testing programme for those who screen for diabetic retinopathy. It requires every screener to undertake a bi-annual online review to test the accuracy of their diagnoses.
But in many developing countries, where health services are private, those conducting the photo screening have often completed only limited training.
The Aberdeen team, made up of Drs Roger Staff and John Olson, was asked to investigate the issue by the Ophthalmological Society of South Africa. Their study, published in the South African Medical Journal, found many weaknesses in the screener's performance which could result in the condition going undetected.
Dr Staff said: "There is a real lack of standardisation in the training of screeners in South Africa and performance varied significantly when we compared their performance to a group of expert Scottish screeners. Those who we tested had come forward voluntarily so we suspect that there are probably many more deficiencies in the screening process that we were not able to measure.
"However, a small amount of training could lead to significant health gains. To provide the impetus for this to happen, we first needed to demonstrate that there was a problem and our study highlights a number of issues which need to be addressed urgently.
"Diabetic retinopathy is a growing problem in sub-Saharan Africa, where the prevalence of diabetes is predicted to triple by 2020 from levels in 2000."
Diabetic eye disease is the single biggest cause of blindness in the working population but is easily preventable. It is clear that effective interventions are required in the near-future to avert the anticipated health burden" Dr Roger Staff
"Diabetic eye disease is the single biggest cause of blindness in the working population but is easily preventable. It is clear that effective interventions are required in the near-future to avert the anticipated health burden."
The Aberdeen team will now work with the Ophthalmological Society of South Africa to devise training programmes which they hope could eventually be rolled out worldwide.
Dr Staff added: "Following on from our report, we will share ideas for how the system in South Africa can be improved.
"The online model developed in Scotland could provide the basis for enhancements to the training procedure around the world.
"By using the internet, we can make it easily accessible to all and we believe there are cheap, and easily implementable, options which could reduce the risk of blindness for those with diabetic retinopathy who do not have access to the advanced healthcare enjoyed in developed countries.
"We will now be working to develop a detailed programme to improve standards first in South Africa, with a view to enhancing practice in developing countries."
The full report 'Quality assurance in diabetic retinal screening in South Africa'can be viewed online at http://www.samj.org.za/index.php/samj/article/view/8678/6196
Note to editors:
Dr Stephen Cook from The Ophthalmological Society of South Africa & Walter Sisulu University, Mthatha, South Africa gave the following testimonial for the project:
"The University of Aberdeen External Quality Assurance software and support system facilitate the development of learning, critical to the implementation of a diabetic retinopathy screening system in South Africa and is a cornerstone of the SA DR screening programme."
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Question How do I exclude certain user accounts from NetWrix File Server Change Reporter Change Summaries and Reports if I do not want to monitor them (for example, a service account used by a backup software)?
Navigate to NetWrix File Server Change Reporter installation folder.
omitstoreuserlist_fs.txt file to exclude certain users from SSRS-based Reports and email Change Summaries as well.
Edit the selected file by specifying the accounts you want to exclude. Accounts must be entered one per line in the 'domain\username' format. Wildcards (* and ?) are supported.


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The Software Engineer in Test III is expected to lead and/or work with a team in a fast-paced environment and work on multiple tasks simultaneously. A seasoned and experienced professional with good understanding of area of specialization. You will as a software engineering scrum team member to understand customer requirements, design and create test cases that adequately exercise each section of code. Use approved automation software applications to automate each test case. Provide metrics and quality artifacts to meet internal and external quality compliance requirements, recommending and implementing best practices. Keep a keen eye on customer commitments and work collaboratively with engineering counterparts to meet customer commitments. This position must collaborate with senior members of cross functional teams to meet the customer quality specifications. The position is responsible for design, implementation and documentation of code automation. Acts as a resource and mentor to lower-level Software Engineers in Test and at times leads projects or initiatives.
Works on complex scenarios, issues where analysis requires deeper functional and technical knowledge.
Provide root cause analysis to customer defects and come up with suggestions to reduce the same.
4+ years of experience working on software quality environments or processes in a Windows or Linux/UNIX environment.
Ability to build test environments for functional, system and stress testing.
Strong knowledge in technical/functional troubleshooting techniques.
Experience in setting up Python and Selenium environment, Debugging issues.
Rocket Software Inc. is committed to creating a diverse environment and is proud to be an equal opportunity employer. All qualified applicants will receive consideration for employment without regard to race, color, religion, gender, gender identity or expression, sexual orientation, national origin, genetics, disability, age, or veteran status. Rocket Software Inc. is also committed to compliance with all fair employment practices regarding citizenship and immigration status.


text:
Distance between Warracknabeal and Rathdowney
The distance from Warracknabeal to Rathdowney is 1,670 kilometers by road including 586 kilometers on motorways. Road takes approximately 18 hours and 50 minutes and goes through Dubbo, Birchip, Swan Hill, Moulamein, Hay, West Wyalong and Forbes.
Warracknabeal 0 km 0:00 00 min 0.0 L
C246 172 km, 1 h 59 min
Swan Hill 172 km 1:59 1 h 59 min 13.8 L
A20 183 km, 2 h 00 min, Victoria - New South Wales
Hay 355 km 3:59 3 h 59 min 28.4 L
Parkes 761 km 8:27 8 h 27 min 60.9 L
Dubbo 864 km 9:30 9 h 30 min 69.1 L
Gilgandra 939 km 10:14 10 h 14 min 75.1 L
Narrabri 1,145 km 12:22 12 h 22 min 91.6 L
Upper Horton 1,228 km 13:20 13 h 20 min 98.2 L
198 km, 2 h 31 min, New South Wales - Queensland
Texas 1,426 km 15:52 15 h 52 min 114.1 L
89 200 km, 2 h 29 min, Queensland - New South Wales
Woodenbong 1,627 km 18:21 18 h 21 min 130.2 L
B91 13 43 km, 29 min, New South Wales - Queensland
Rathdowney 1,670 km 18:51 18 h 51 min 133.6 L
C242 B220 63 km, 45 min
Birchip 63 km 0:45 45 min 5.0 L
26 km, 17 min, Victoria - New South Wales
Dilpurra 198 km 2:16 2 h 16 min 15.8 L
Mallan 215 km 2:28 2 h 28 min 17.2 L
Moulamein 258 km 2:58 2 h 58 min 20.6 L
A20 97 km, 1 h 00 min
Hay South 384 km 4:18 4 h 18 min 30.7 L
Gunbar 440 km 4:56 4 h 56 min 35.2 L
Goolgowi 472 km 5:18 5 h 18 min 37.8 L
Rankins Springs 528 km 5:56 5 h 56 min 42.2 L
Erigolia 537 km 6:02 6 h 02 min 43.0 L
Taleeban 547 km 6:08 6 h 08 min 43.8 L
Weethalle 563 km 6:19 6 h 19 min 45.0 L
West Wyalong 608 km 6:51 6 h 51 min 48.6 L
Wyalong 624 km 7:02 7 h 02 min 49.9 L
Marsden 655 km 7:21 7 h 21 min 52.4 L
Forbes 719 km 8:00 8 h 00 min 57.5 L
Alectown 781 km 8:40 8 h 40 min 62.5 L
Peak Hill 800 km 8:51 8 h 51 min 64.0 L
Tomingley 824 km 9:05 9 h 05 min 65.9 L
Brocklehurst 883 km 9:42 9 h 42 min 70.6 L
Eumungerie 914 km 9:59 9 h 59 min 73.1 L
Gowang 998 km 10:48 10 h 48 min 79.8 L
Coonabarabran 1,037 km 11:13 11 h 13 min 83.0 L
Narrabri West 1,173 km 12:41 12 h 41 min 93.8 L
3 3 km, 02 min
Caroda 1,232 km 13:22 13 h 22 min 98.6 L
Bingara 1,260 km 13:41 13 h 41 min 100.8 L
Warialda Rail 1,296 km 14:06 14 h 06 min 103.7 L
Warialda 1,314 km 14:20 14 h 20 min 105.1 L
Coolatai 1,342 km 14:40 14 h 40 min 107.4 L
Rocky Dam 1,363 km 14:54 14 h 54 min 109.0 L
Yetman 1,386 km 15:10 15 h 10 min 110.9 L
Camp Creek 1,412 km 15:36 15 h 36 min 113.0 L
14 km, 14 min, New South Wales - Queensland
89 99 km, 1 h 14 min
Stanthorpe 1,525 km 17:06 17 h 06 min 122.0 L
T7 14 km, 14 min, Queensland - New South Wales
Amosfield 1,539 km 17:20 17 h 20 min 123.1 L
T7 4 km, 03 min
Liston 1,543 km 17:23 17 h 23 min 123.4 L
Lower Acacia Creek 1,577 km 17:46 17 h 46 min 126.2 L
Flagstone 1,583 km 17:50 17 h 50 min 126.6 L
Legume 1,586 km 17:52 17 h 52 min 126.9 L
Oaky Hill 1,591 km 17:56 17 h 56 min 127.3 L
Old Koreelah 1,607 km 18:07 18 h 07 min 128.6 L
Dalman 1,617 km 18:13 18 h 13 min 129.4 L
Distance from Warracknabeal to Rathdowney by car
The distance between Warracknabeal and Rathdowney is 1,670 kilometers by road including 586 kilometers on motorways. Distance from Warracknabeal to Rathdowney by car takes approximately 18 hours and 50 minutes.
The distance between Warracknabeal and Rathdowney is ranked 647th in the ranking popularity.
The driving time from Warracknabeal to Rathdowney is approximately 18 hours and 50 minutes without intermediate stops.
Use the "Intermediate points" field inside the "Show advanced options" to find out how to get from Warracknabeal to Rathdowney through specific transit points.
You can calculate the route from Warracknabeal to Rathdowney through any specific transit point by dragging and dropping the route on the map.
To find out how far is Warracknabeal from Rathdowney, all the intermediate path segments were totalized. Precise satellite coordinates of highways were used for this calculation.
Reverse route: from Rathdowney to Warracknabeal.


I hope you can understand that it seems to be a weird idea to report about scuba diving facilities and activities in Coron, since an estimated 90% of all non-locals came especially for this reason to Coron the first time. And truly at the time most of the current "non-native" residents came to Coron there was not much more than a few dive shops and it was perfect this way for most of us. With the big variety of activities offered today of course, most tourists are non-divers and those who are among them should definitely give it a try: guys, you don't know what you're missing!!
For your convenience I copied it here but of course the credit goes to them.
Keep in mind that when planing to have a dental treatment while staying in Coron, to please inform your dentist that you are an active scuba diver. Your treatment can be adjusted so that you do not need to worry about any inconveniences or tooth-pain related kill-joys while enjoying your next dive.
Although Coron is justly famous for its wreck diving it is now fostering some excellent reef diving too. The implementation of fish sanctuaries, together with education programmes aimed at curtailing the use of dynamite and cyanide when fishing, is having a marked effect and the coral is re-establishing itself at a remarkable rate. In fact, much faster than the scientists would have us believe possible! With this in mind Seven Islands, near to Coron town, and Calambuyan Island, on the way up to Concepcion, are a couple of great sites that are well worth a visit.
The variety of diving in this area is enormous and ranges from 11 World War Two Japanese wrecks at depths from 12 to 43 meters, caves, a geothermal hot lake, coral reefs and walls. Diver training is available from Discover Scuba Diving through Advanced Nitrox and Wreck penetration to Divemaster, together with comprehensive Technical Diving instruction, but excluding Tri-Mix.
Learn to dive in the warm, calm waters of Coron bay.
Wreck diving in Coron is a full day trip for two or three wreck dives. You will be aboard a 'banka', traditional outrigger style dive boat, all day and the normal departure time is 09:00am.
Lunch is served and prepared on-board by extremely friendly and professional crews by most resorts.
You can choose to dive with a buddy or be guided. You determine your NDL and watch your air supply. We don't limit the time of your dives.
It is a one hour/+ boat ride to the first dive site, depending on which boat you are sailing. The usual procedure is to dive a wreck and then go off to a beach or shallow wreck for two hours of lunch, snorkeling, and swimming. A second wreck dive is followed by an hour, to an hour and a half, cruise back to Coron town. The boats usually return between 4:00 and 6:00pm, depending on whether two or three dives are made, and the location of the last dive.
Dive guides accompany groups of four to six divers if needed. Groups are divided according to experience levels. Novices never have to chase advanced divers into small dark holes.
Two experienced advanced open water divers can buddy up and plan their own dive after consulting with the dive leader.
Two wreck diver specialty certified divers can plan their own penetration with proper equipment.
Limited interior access is allowed for advanced or experienced divers, who stay in the light zone within the wreck. The PADI Wreck Diver Specialty class is available for those divers who have completed Advanced Open Water and who desire to learn to make their own penetration.
There is a recompression chamber in Coron but we have no wish to use it. We are very careful with our dive profiles and dive planning to avoid decompression sickness p roblems.
The boats we use have heads(bathrooms), drinks, water and covered areas for shade but please ensure you bring your own sun block and a hat.
The 'Look Sea' diving banka, available for charter complete with experienced crew. Contact us for details!
Here are some impressive pictures from around the various dive shops in Coron – hope you enjoy.


text:
Whose Side Are You On? is a 1984 album by Matt Bianco. It may also refer to:

 "Whose Side Are You On?", a song by Bette Midler from The Rose (soundtrack), 1979
 "Whose Side Are You On?", a song from Fireboy, a 1993 album by Grant McLennan
 "Whose Side Are You On?", a 1986 episode of The Bill
 "Whose Side Are You On?", a 1992 episode of The Bill
 "Whose Side Are You On?", a 2004 episode of Everybody Loves Raymond
 Whose Side Are You On?, the working title for the British television panel game Argumental

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Young Lions skipper Brad Galvin isn't afraid of taking his side's 'scrappy' style of play into Sunday's semi final clash with Henwood Park. Galvin has headlined the Lions' defensive unit from centre back this season, putting together a string of solid performances to contain rival sides to just 28 goals in their 19 games to date. Now, the 27-year-old is relishing the lead-up to a shot at grand final glory and says there's no reason why his team mates can't tough out another gritty win against the favoured Hawks. "We really toughed it out against Leeton last weekend but we've been doing that all year," Galvin said. "It was a pretty scrappy win and we defended like our lives depended on it when they threw everything at us in the last few minutes." Having only just taken over the captaincy from the unavailable Duncan Cameron, Galvin is facing the unusual prospect of being one of the side's most senior players in just his second season at Hall Bros Oval. The defender also admitted his surprise at Young's run to the finals but credited the injection of youth into the side. "We were really in a building phase last year and we copped a few floggings with all those juniors blokes coming in," Galvin said. "Now, we've kept that core group together for two years and I think we've come along quicker than we anticipated. "That comes down to those younger boys in the side having an impact and guys like Alex Mitchell, who I'd say is one of the fastest blokes in the competition, and Pat Hislop have been real standouts all year." All eyes are now fixed upon the task ahead - toppling the defending premiers. Galvin knows it's no easy task but says the result will be vastly different from their 6-0 loss to Henwood Park in July. "We were missing a few players from our back line that game, so I think that probably affected us a fair bit," Galvin said. "Still, we know they'll be hard to get on top of and they'll throw everything at us in attack. "We'll just have to hold them out and look to hit them through counterattack." While you're with us, did you know that The Daily Advertiser is now offering sports and local events as part of its growing email newsletter service? Our sports email will keep the sports-mad up-to-date with a round-up of all the weekend's sports action - sign up here.
LEADER OF THE PRIDE: Young Lions skipper Brad Galvin (right, pictured tackling Lake Albert's Henri Gardner in 2017) says his side won't shirk away from the tough stuff against Henwood Park in this weekend's semi final.
Young Lions skipper Brad Galvin isn't afraid of taking his side's 'scrappy' style of play into Sunday's semi final clash with Henwood Park.
Galvin has headlined the Lions' defensive unit from centre back this season, putting together a string of solid performances to contain rival sides to just 28 goals in their 19 games to date.
Now, the 27-year-old is relishing the lead-up to a shot at grand final glory and says there's no reason why his team mates can't tough out another gritty win against the favoured Hawks.
"We really toughed it out against Leeton last weekend but we've been doing that all year," Galvin said.
But honestly, we don't mind scrappy games like that - I'd be happy to grind out a 1-0 win every week if that's what it takes.
Having only just taken over the captaincy from the unavailable Duncan Cameron, Galvin is facing the unusual prospect of being one of the side's most senior players in just his second season at Hall Bros Oval.
The defender also admitted his surprise at Young's run to the finals but credited the injection of youth into the side.
"We were really in a building phase last year and we copped a few floggings with all those juniors blokes coming in," Galvin said.
"Now, we've kept that core group together for two years and I think we've come along quicker than we anticipated.
ROCK IN DEFENCE: Galvin clears the ball under pressure from Tolland's Ramon Atayde during a Pascoe Cup clash in 2018.
All eyes are now fixed upon the task ahead - toppling the defending premiers.
Galvin knows it's no easy task but says the result will be vastly different from their 6-0 loss to Henwood Park in July.
"We were missing a few players from our back line that game, so I think that probably affected us a fair bit," Galvin said.
"Still, we know they'll be hard to get on top of and they'll throw everything at us in attack.


text:
Sharyl Attkisson leaves CBS News
Rumor mill swirls as to Why? Liberal Bias? Her stories being spiked? All of the above?
Posted by Mandy Nagy Monday, March 10, 2014 at 07:14pm 19 Comments
Sharyl Attkisson, investigative correspondent for CBS News, has resigned from the network.
I have resigned from CBS.
— Sharyl Attkisson (@SharylAttkisson) March 10, 2014
From Politico (emphasis added):
CBS News investigative correspondent Sharyl Attkisson has reached an agreement to resign from CBS News ahead of contract, bringing an end to months of hard-fought negotiations, sources familiar with her departure told POLITICO on Monday.
Attkisson, who has been with CBS News for two decades, had grown frustrated with what she saw as the network's liberal bias, an outsized influence by the network's corporate partners and a lack of dedication to investigative reporting, several sources said. She increasingly felt like her work was no longer supported and that it was a struggle to get her reporting on air.
At the same time, Attkisson's own reporting on the Obama administration, which some staffers characterized as agenda-driven, had led network executives to doubt the impartiality of her reporting. She is currently at work on a book — tentatively titled "Stonewalled: One Reporter's Fight for Truth in Obama's Washington" — which addresses the challenges of reporting critically on the Obama administration.
Feeling increasingly stymied and marginalized at the network, Attkisson began talking to CBS News President David Rhodes as early as last April about getting out of her contract. Those negotiations intensified in recent weeks, and her request was finally honored on Monday.
Reached by phone, Attkisson described her resignation as "amicable." She said she will now turn her attention to the book, which is being published by HarperCollins, a division of NewsCorp (and not by Simon & Schuster, a division of CBS Corporation.)
Sonya McNair, the senior vice president for communications for CBS News, said in a statement: "CBS News veteran Sharyl Attkisson is leaving the news division to pursue other endeavors. We appreciate her many contributions and we wish her well."
Attkisson's Gunwalker story won an Edward R. Murrow Award in the Video Investigative Category in 2012. She also actively covered the "Fast and Furious" story and the aftermath of the Sept. 11, 2012, attack on the U.S. diplomatic installation in Benghazi, among other stories.
Last year, Attkisson revealed that her computer had been hacked. CBS published a report indicating that it had hired a cybersecurity firm to confirm this through forensic analysis, but the report did not identify any source of the intrusion.
As Politico notes, Attkisson has won five Emmy awards "for her reporting on Fast and Furious, the Red Cross, Republican fundraising, TARP and border patrol."
(Featured image: C-SPAN video)
19	19 Comments media bias
tencz65 | March 10, 2014 at 7:37 pm
Atlas Shrugged .Another 'Victim' in little barry (aka:Val) scheme to rid the country of all Hell raising , drug inducted right wing Felons. One by one !!
sarc>
Musson in reply to tencz65. | March 11, 2014 at 9:04 am
Too much of a Journalist for CBS.
Skookum | March 10, 2014 at 8:15 pm
Fox News needs to ditch Whorealdo and upgrade with Sharyl.
caseym54 in reply to Skookum. | March 10, 2014 at 8:32 pm
I've never understood that hire. A test pattern would be better.
Sanddog in reply to Skookum. | March 10, 2014 at 8:42 pm
I'd rather she had stayed to fight the good fight but it seems the progressive media isn't going to tolerate anyone who goes off the reservation.
Aridog in reply to Skookum. | March 11, 2014 at 11:04 am
Why yes they do!
DINORightMarie | March 10, 2014 at 8:46 pm
She is awesome. I wonder if a condition of the "amicable" resignation was her not working for Fox News? Or not working for any network for some interval (a year, perhaps)?
She will be more able now to pursue truth without the encumbrance of CBS hacks breathing down her neck and stifling her.
More power to her.
Vince in reply to DINORightMarie. | March 10, 2014 at 8:57 pm
Those types of deals usually only last a year and not much longer. That might be good time to get her feet set well on new footing.
NC Mountain Girl in reply to Vince. | March 11, 2014 at 8:59 am
Or write a book.
Anchovy | March 10, 2014 at 8:48 pm
It is going to be hard on our classically trained professional journalists with the highest ethical standards if Kevlar knee pads are taxed under Obamacare as a prosthetic device.
4fun | March 10, 2014 at 9:12 pm
Liked her. Really one of the only network news people who actually asked hard questions.
I got the impression of her that she didn't care which party was in power, she wanted answers to questionable decisions.
Dimsdale | March 10, 2014 at 9:27 pm
The liberal media Inquisition has spoken: Attkisson must be silenced. Like our "tolerant" college campuses, any opinion contrary to the liberal orthodoxy must be crushed.
If the Pulitzer was actually worth anything, she should have gotten the award the second the regime started harassing her, her computer, and probably, her tax returns.
With the loss of Attkisson, the "lack of dedication to investigative reporting" is now "a lack of investigative reporting". CBS has gone the way of MSNBC and become a pack of Øbama lickers, a network for liberal boosting entertainment "news".
I know BS when I CBS.
JackRussellTerrierist | March 11, 2014 at 1:19 am
God bless Ms. Attkisson, and good luck to her.
Vince | March 11, 2014 at 1:30 am
She'll probably join Glenn Greenwald at First Look. Fox News understands how dangerous a reporter she would be to the next republican president…. there's no way they would hire her.
Estragon | March 11, 2014 at 2:21 am
So CBS began to "doubt her impartiality" because she demanded answers from the Administration? My, how the news biz has fallen.
BTW, CBS News' new President, David Rhodes, has a famous brother – Ben Rhodes of the Benghazi talking points memo.
Small world, ain't it?
MarkS in reply to Estragon. | March 11, 2014 at 7:54 am
Kinda explains it! Ms Attkisson has made it known that during her Benghazi work her home computer developed the strange habit of turning itself on and off in the middle of the night
DANK | March 11, 2014 at 7:45 am
Attkisson was well aware that CBS like the other alphabet networks have not reported news for some time. Pushing a hard Left agenda is a full time endeavor which leaves little time in the half hour for real news.
NC Mountain Girl | March 11, 2014 at 9:16 am
It's been going on for a while now. I seem to recall ABC's Bob Zelnick took a leave from ABC in 1998 to write a bio of Al Gore. When his 1999 book turned out to be a well researched biography rather than a liberal hagiography Zelnick was no longer welcome at ABC or any other network. the book and found it fair. It just wasn't flattering.
Fen | March 11, 2014 at 6:24 pm
How do you work for Mapes/Rather at CBS and not be aware of the bias from the start? I think there's more to this than her "righteous" version of events.


NEM, New Economy Movement was started on April 1st, 2015 by Utopian future and is the first digital asset developed using the test-driven development model. NEM is a peer-to-peer virtual currency. The source code is 100% original. NEM is widely issued and its blockchain adopts a completely new synchronous solution. NEM uses the importance proving PoI consensus mechanism. According to the transaction quantity and active degree and such dimensions to decide who has the right to bookkeeping. Its total amount is 9 billion. And all the new currency will be issued at the beginning of the release. So each new block will not generate new currency rewards. The block rewards will only be transaction fees.
For code, all the NEM was written in JAVA. New importance replacement workload proving was used.
For reputation system, EigenTrust++ algorithm was used to monitor the nodes' action within the network, which makes NEM network to operate and maintain more efficiently.
For structure, NEM system structure is built on a validated, multiple-layer frame that makes NEM a very unique and highly secure platform compared with all other platforms.
NEM adds multiple-signature technology to the platform. Multiple-signature is a crucial technology for enhancing wallet security, which can avoid fraud and make sure funds security.
NEM price to USD hit the highest 1.90 USD on Jan 4th, 2018. The price fluctuated relatively large overall.


The tourism industry has become more eco-conscious as travellers seek responsible, environmentally conscious travel experiences. Here are some tips on how to cater for the eco-traveller.
Inge Altona-de Klerk, from White Sharks Projects, says there are many shades of green eco-travellers 'from the fresh mint-green all the way to the seasoned sage-green'. She says the virgin eco-traveller is one whose conscience has started to niggle. As a result, they are looking to put money toward good causes, such as community upliftment programmes and conservation. However, she says this shade of eco-traveller is not too concerned about by whether companies recycle or leave a carbon footprint.
More aware eco-travellers are very conscious of the impact of carbon footprints and every aspect of their daily lives revolves around responsible and sustainable living; recycling; buying local and organic produce; and doing research on how their travels can benefit a community and its environment. Altona-de Klerk says a well-seasoned eco-traveller would prefer to stay at a locally owned boutique hotel that is a responsible and sustainable establishment than at an internationally branded hotel.
Katherine Greathead, Marketing Manager at EcoTraining, says eco-travellers tend to look for hands-on experiences and meaningful encounters. To cater for the needs of these travellers, Greathead suggested introducing activities such as animal tracking, as it turns a safari adventure into an ecological experience. She also suggested teaching these travellers to trail an animal through the bush and allowing them to sit on the tracker seat during game drives. Mark Rutherfoord, Director of Gondwana Game Reserve, suggests including a small selection of activities into an itinerary that have a more meaningful effect on the traveller and ensuring that the chosen activity has a direct benefit to conservation or the environment.
Chris Roche, Wilderness Safaris Chief Marketing Officer, says the company is actively involved in environmental and biodiversity conservation. Guests at Wilderness can get involved in conservation projects by donating to the Wilderness Wildlife Trust, which is an independent, non-profit entity associated with the Wilderness Group. "Thanks to the contribution of our guests, we have been able to successfully move 1 percent of Africa's black rhino population to Botswana and hosted over 5 600 children in 'Children in the Wilderness' camps," says Roche. Each guest who travels with a reputable operator also directly contributes towards conservation and community projects, he adds. Altona-de Klerk emphasises that responsible eco-tourism includes communities, wildlife and the environment. "Ensure that your company is holistic in its responsible practices," she says.
Sleep-outs allow eco-travellers to experience the wilderness in its most natural form. EcoTraining offers eco-travellers the opportunity to leave the camp for a night and sleep in the bush. Participants will sleep on a thin mattress with a sleeping bag under the stars – tents are not used. Greathead says each participant takes a turn of night vigil to watch for nocturnal animals. During the sleep-out experience, eco-travellers learn about eco-friendly fire making, camping and cooking with the bare minimum.
Altona-de Klerk says eco-travelling does not necessarily mean no or less luxury. She says eco-travellers do want a balance between luxury and responsibility. Wilderness Safaris has 50 luxury camps and safaris, of which 13 camps in the portfolio operate on 100 percent solar power. Roche says all camps are built in an eco-friendly manner, making use of minimum standards, renewable energy technologies and education of staff and guests.
Bewitched by the magic of France, Melissa Jane Cook is an intrepid explorer. A lover of traversing the globe, she eagerly absorbs different cultures and laps up the magnificent oceanic experiences. Wooed by words and writers alike, her penchant for facials, chocolate, owls and bugs, is surpassed only by her fascination with the stage aglow in lights or bookshelves that heave with stories, where characters invite her along on their marvellous journeys.


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ExxonMobil, Chevron, OXY to join Oil and Gas Climate Initiative
U.S. oil firms ExxonMobil, Chevron, Occidental Petroleum are set to join the Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), an initiative representing 13 of the world's largest oil and gas producers working on solutions to mitigate the risks of climate change.
Illustration; (from left – right): Claudio Descalzi, CEO, Eni; Josu Jon Imaz, CEO Repsol; Amin Nasser, CEO Saudi Aramco; Bob Dudley, CEO BP; Ben van Beurden, CEO Shell; Eldar Sætre, CEO Statoil; Patrick Pouyanné, Chairman & CEO, Total at a previous OGCI CEO event (Image source: OGCI)
OGCI was established following the 2014 World Economic Forum and formally launched at the United Nations Climate Summit the same year. Members include BP, CNPC, Eni, Equinor, Pemex, Petrobras, Repsol, Royal Dutch Shell, Saudi Aramco, and Total.
The three new companies will become official members of OGCI as of September 24, 2018. Each will commit $100 million dollars to the OGCI Climate Investments fund.
OGCI is a CEO-led, voluntary, oil and gas industry initiative that aims to catalyze practical action on climate change through best practice sharing and collaboration.
The OGCI said that the three new members represented 5% of global oil and gas production.
"With these additions, OGCI members now represent around 30% of global oil and gas production and supply close to 20% of global primary energy consumption. The 13 member companies represent regions including China, the Middle East, Latin America, Europe and now the United States, widening OGCI's global reach and making its members' collaborative effort in support of the Paris Agreement, a significant global action," the OGCI said.
Collective effort to address climate change
In a joint statement, the heads of the OGCI member companies said: "Over the past four years, OGCI has brought together international and national oil and gas companies to accelerate the deployment of concrete solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Our ambitions increase each year and as we welcome three new member companies, we will continue to build momentum and strengthen our collective reach and impact to deliver practical action on climate change."
Michael Wirth, Chairman and CEO of Chevron Corporation, said: "We are pleased to be joining OGCI to work constructively on addressing the risks of climate change."
"It will take the collective efforts of many in the energy industry and society to develop scalable, affordable solutions that will be needed to address the risks of climate change," said Darren Woods, Chairman, and Chief Executive officer of ExxonMobil. "Our mission is to supply energy for modern life and improve living standards around the world while minimizing impacts on the environment. This dual challenge is one of the most important issues facing society and our company."
As part of the initiative, ExxonMobil said it would expand its investment in research and development of long-term solutions to reduce greenhouse gas emissions as well as partnerships and multi-stakeholder initiatives that will pursue lower-emission technologies, the company said on Thursday.
ExxonMobil has said it has invested billions of dollars in researching and developing lower-emission solutions, including carbon capture and storage technology, next-generation biofuels, cogeneration, and more efficient manufacturing processes.
Earlier this year, ExxonMobil announced initiatives to lower greenhouse gas emissions associated with its operations by 2020, including reducing methane emissions 15 percent and flaring by 25 percent. Since 2000, ExxonMobil has spent more than $9 billion to develop and deploy higher-efficiency and lower-emission energy solutions across its operations, the U.S. oil major said on Thursday.
CO2 EOR
"Industry innovation and collaboration have a critical role to play in addressing climate change, and Occidental is excited to join OGCI's efforts to create a lower-emissions world," said Occidental President and CEO Vicki Hollub. "Occidental is advancing carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2 EOR) as a form of carbon capture, utilization and sequestration (CCUS). We are the industry leader in this technology, which has the potential to help achieve global goals for reducing emissions and welcome the opportunity to work with OGCI to contribute to this critical effort."
The OGCI will hold its annual meeting with stakeholders in New York next week during Climate Week.
Indian giant leaves OGCI
While the three U.S. firms have finally decided to join the initiative established four years ago, one member has reportedly left the OGCI. According to a report by Quartz, India's Reliance Petroleum has quit the coalition.
The Oil and Gas Climate Initiative (OGCI), made up of CEOs of ten major oil and gas companies, in November 2016, announced an investment of $1 billion over ten years, to develop and accelerate the commercial deployment of innovative low emissions technologies.
Posted on September 20, 2018 with tags Chevron, ExxonMobil, ogci, Oxy.
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