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Travelling to Asia. The Free Encyclopedia about Asia
Asia is a part of Earth and consists of the following regions: Russia, South Asia, Western Asia, Southeast Asia, East Asia, Central Asia.
See Asia interactive map with the information about travelling to Asia.
The most popular means of transportation in Asia.
Gulliway has a special source for travelling activities in Asia.
Independent travel to Asia.
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We have routes through many cities. Please check our: routes through Moscow, routes through Uglich, routes through Kalyazin, routes through Amman, routes through Lake Valdayskoye, routes through Qeshm, routes through Butwal, routes through Margao, routes through Tbilisi, routes through Tver.
Our statistic says, the most popular travelling activities are: Sightseeing, Wilderness Adventures, Driving tours, Family Travel, Historical Trip, Fishing, Hunting, Budget Travel, Backpacking, Aquarium & Zoo, Scuba, Snorkeling, Diving, Island vacations.
The most popular means of transportation to travel around are: Travelling by commercial aircraft, Travelling by Own car, Travelling by Railway, Travelling by Taxi, Travelling by commercial bus and by Rent car
Wikipedia about Asia: Asia on our wiki pages.
This Wikipedia's article is available under the GFDL. All links in the article are integrated to browse on Gulliway.
For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation).
44,579,000 km (17,212,000 sq mi) (1st)
4,462,676,731 (2016; 1st)
100/km (260/sq mi)
$31.58 trillion (2019; 1st)
$7,350 (2019; 5th)
49 UN members,
1 UN observer, 5 other states
Akrotiri and Dhekelia
Non-UN states
List of languages
UTC+2 to UTC+12
Metropolitan areas of Asia
List of cities in Asia
UN M49 code
142 – Asia
001 – World
Excludes North Asia
Asia (/ˈeɪʒə, ˈeɪʃə/ ( listen)) is Earth's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the Eastern and Northern Hemispheres. It shares the continental landmass of Eurasia with the continent of Europe and the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with both Europe and Africa. Asia covers an area of 44,579,000 square kilometres (17,212,000 sq mi), about 30% of Earth's total land area and 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area. The continent, which has long been home to the majority of the human population, was the site of many of the first civilizations. Asia is notable for not only its overall large size and population, but also dense and large settlements, as well as vast barely populated regions. Its 4.5 billion people (as of June 2019) constitute roughly 60% of the world's population.
In general terms, Asia is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. The border of Asia with Europe is a historical and cultural construct, as there is no clear physical and geographical separation between them. It is somewhat arbitrary and has moved since its first conception in classical antiquity. The division of Eurasia into two continents reflects East–West cultural, linguistic, and ethnic differences, some of which vary on a spectrum rather than with a sharp dividing line. The most commonly accepted boundaries place Asia to the east of the Suez Canal separating it from Africa; and to the east of the Turkish Straits, the Ural Mountains and Ural River, and to the south of the Caucasus Mountains and the Caspian and Black Seas, separating it from Europe.
China and India alternated in being the largest economies in the world from 1 to 1800 CE. China was a major economic power and attracted many to the east, and for many the legendary wealth and prosperity of the ancient culture of India personified Asia, attracting European commerce, exploration and colonialism. The accidental discovery of a trans-Atlantic route from Europe to America by Columbus while in search for a route to India demonstrates this deep fascination. The Silk Road became the main east–west trading route in the Asian hinterlands while the Straits of Malacca stood as a major sea route. Asia has exhibited economic dynamism (particularly East Asia) as well as robust population growth during the 20th century, but overall population growth has since fallen. Asia was the birthplace of most of the world's mainstream religions including Hinduism, Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Jainism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, as well as many other religions.
Given its size and diversity, the concept of Asia—a name dating back to classical antiquity—may actually have more to do with human geography than physical geography. Asia varies greatly across and within its regions with regard to ethnic groups, cultures, environments, economics, historical ties and government systems. It also has a mix of many different climates ranging from the equatorial south via the hot desert in the Middle East, temperate areas in the east and the continental centre to vast subarctic and polar areas in Siberia.
Definition and boundaries
Further information on Asian borders: Geography of Asia § Boundary, Boundaries between continents, List of transcontinental countries § Asia and Europe, and Copenhagen criteria
Asia–Africa boundary
The boundary between Asia and Africa is the Red Sea, the Gulf of Suez, and the Suez Canal. This makes Egypt a transcontinental country, with the Sinai peninsula in Asia and the remainder of the country in Africa.
Asia–Europe boundary
Statue representing Asia at Palazzo Ferreria, in Valletta, Malta
The border between Asia and Europe was historically defined by European academics. The Don River became unsatisfactory to northern Europeans when Peter the Great, king of the Tsardom of Russia, defeating rival claims of Sweden and the Ottoman Empire to the eastern lands, and armed resistance by the tribes of Siberia, synthesized a new Russian Empire extending to the Ural Mountains and beyond, founded in 1721. The major geographical theorist of the empire was actually a former Swedish prisoner-of-war, taken at the Battle of Poltava in 1709 and assigned to Tobolsk, where he associated with Peter's Siberian official, Vasily Tatishchev, and was allowed freedom to conduct geographical and anthropological studies in preparation for a future book.
In Sweden, five years after Peter's death, in 1730 Philip Johan von Strahlenberg published a new atlas proposing the Ural Mountains as the border of Asia. Tatishchev announced that he had proposed the idea to von Strahlenberg. The latter had suggested the Emba River as the lower boundary. Over the next century various proposals were made until the Ural River prevailed in the mid-19th century. The border had been moved perforce from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea into which the Ural River projects. The border between the Black Sea and the Caspian is usually placed along the crest of the Caucasus Mountains, although it is sometimes placed further north.
Asia–Oceania boundary
The border between Asia and the region of Oceania is usually placed somewhere in the Malay Archipelago. The Maluku Islands in Indonesia are often considered to lie on the border of southeast Asia, with New Guinea, to the east of the islands, being wholly part of Oceania. The terms Southeast Asia and Oceania, devised in the 19th century, have had several vastly different geographic meanings since their inception. The chief factor in determining which islands of the Malay Archipelago are Asian has been the location of the colonial possessions of the various empires there (not all European). Lewis and Wigen assert, "The narrowing of 'Southeast Asia' to its present boundaries was thus a gradual process."
Ongoing definition
Afro-Eurasia shown in green
Geographical Asia is a cultural artifact of European conceptions of the world, beginning with the Ancient Greeks, being imposed onto other cultures, an imprecise concept causing endemic contention about what it means. Asia does not exactly correspond to the cultural borders of its various types of constituents.
From the time of Herodotus a minority of geographers have rejected the three-continent system (Europe, Africa, Asia) on the grounds that there is no substantial physical separation between them. For example, Sir Barry Cunliffe, the emeritus professor of European archeology at Oxford, argues that Europe has been geographically and culturally merely "the western excrescence of the continent of Asia".
Geographically, Asia is the major eastern constituent of the continent of Eurasia with Europe being a northwestern peninsula of the landmass. Asia, Europe and Africa make up a single continuous landmass—Afro-Eurasia (except for the Suez Canal)—and share a common continental shelf. Almost all of Europe and the better part of Asia sit atop the Eurasian Plate, adjoined on the south by the Arabian and Indian Plate and with the easternmost part of Siberia (east of the Chersky Range) on the North American Plate.
Ptolemy's Asia
The idea of a place called "Asia" was originally a concept of Greek civilization, though this might not correspond to the entire continent currently known by that name. The English word comes from Latin literature, where it has the same form, "Asia". Whether "Asia" in other languages comes from Latin of the Roman Empire is much less certain, and the ultimate source of the Latin word is uncertain, though several theories have been published. One of the first classical writers to use Asia as a name of the whole continent was Pliny. This metonymical change in meaning is common and can be observed in some other geographical names, such as Scandinavia (from Scania).
Before Greek poetry, the Aegean Sea area was in a Greek Dark Age, at the beginning of which syllabic writing was lost and alphabetic writing had not begun. Prior to then in the Bronze Age the records of the Assyrian Empire, the Hittite Empire and the various Mycenaean states of Greece mention a region undoubtedly Asia, certainly in Anatolia, including if not identical to Lydia. These records are administrative and do not include poetry.
The Mycenaean states were destroyed about 1200 BCE by unknown agents although one school of thought assigns the Dorian invasion to this time. The burning of the palaces baked clay diurnal administrative records written in a Greek syllabic script called Linear B, deciphered by a number of interested parties, most notably by a young World War II cryptographer, Michael Ventris, subsequently assisted by the scholar, John Chadwick. A major cache discovered by Carl Blegen at the site of ancient Pylos included hundreds of male and female names formed by different methods.
Some of these are of women held in servitude (as study of the society implied by the content reveals). They were used in trades, such as cloth-making, and usually came with children. The epithet lawiaiai, "captives", associated with some of them identifies their origin. Some are ethnic names. One in particular, aswiai, identifies "women of Asia". Perhaps they were captured in Asia, but some others, Milatiai, appear to have been of Miletus, a Greek colony, which would not have been raided for slaves by Greeks. Chadwick suggests that the names record the locations where these foreign women were purchased. The name is also in the singular, Aswia, which refers both to the name of a country and to a female of it. There is a masculine form, aswios. This Aswia appears to have been a remnant of a region known to the Hittites as Assuwa, centered on Lydia, or "Roman Asia". This name, Assuwa, has been suggested as the origin for the name of the continent "Asia". The Assuwa league was a confederation of states in western Anatolia, defeated by the Hittites under Tudhaliya I around 1400 BCE.
Alternatively, the etymology of the term may be from the Akkadian word (w)aṣû(m), which means 'to go outside' or 'to ascend', referring to the direction of the sun at sunrise in the Middle East and also likely connected with the Phoenician word asa meaning east. This may be contrasted to a similar etymology proposed for Europe, as being from Akkadian erēbu(m) 'to enter' or 'set' (of the sun).
T.R. Reid supports this alternative etymology, noting that the ancient Greek name must have derived from asu, meaning 'east' in Assyrian (ereb for Europe meaning 'west'). The ideas of Occidental (form Latin Occidens 'setting') and Oriental (from Latin Oriens for 'rising') are also European invention, synonymous with Western and Eastern. Reid further emphasizes that it explains the Western point of view of placing all the peoples and cultures of Asia into a single classification, almost as if there were a need for setting the distinction between Western and Eastern civilizations on the Eurasian continent.Kazuo Ogura and Tenshin Okakura are two outspoken Japanese figures on the subject.
The province of Asia highlighted (in red) within the Roman Empire.
Latin Asia and Greek Ἀσία appear to be the same word. Roman authors translated Ἀσία as Asia. The Romans named a province Asia, located in western Anatolia (in modern-day Turkey). There was an Asia Minor and an Asia Major located in modern-day Iraq. As the earliest evidence of the name is Greek, it is likely circumstantially that Asia came from Ἀσία, but ancient transitions, due to the lack of literary contexts, are difficult to catch in the act. The most likely vehicles were the ancient geographers and historians, such as Herodotus, who were all Greek. Ancient Greek certainly evidences early and rich uses of the name.
The first continental use of Asia is attributed to Herodotus (about 440 BCE), not because he innovated it, but because his Histories are the earliest surviving prose to describe it in any detail. He defines it carefully, mentioning the previous geographers whom he had read, but whose works are now missing. By it he means Anatolia and the Persian Empire, in contrast to Greece and Egypt.
Herodotus comments that he is puzzled as to why three women's names were "given to a tract which is in reality one" (Europa, Asia, and Libya, referring to Africa), stating that most Greeks assumed that Asia was named after the wife of Prometheus (i.e. Hesione), but that the Lydians say it was named after Asies, son of Cotys, who passed the name on to a tribe at Sardis. In Greek mythology, "Asia" (Ἀσία) or "Asie" (Ἀσίη) was the name of a "Nymph or Titan goddess of Lydia".
In ancient Greek religion, places were under the care of female divinities, parallel to guardian angels. The poets detailed their doings and generations in allegoric language salted with entertaining stories, which subsequently playwrights transformed into classical Greek drama and became "Greek mythology". For example, Hesiod mentions the daughters of Tethys and Ocean, among whom are a "holy company", "who with the Lord Apollo and the Rivers have youths in their keeping". Many of these are geographic: Doris, Rhodea, Europa, Asia. Hesiod explains:
For there are three-thousand neat-ankled daughters of Ocean who are dispersed far and wide, and in every place alike serve the earth and the deep waters.
The Iliad (attributed by the ancient Greeks to Homer) mentions two Phrygians (the tribe that replaced the Luvians in Lydia) in the Trojan War named Asios (an adjective meaning "Asian"); and also a marsh or lowland containing a marsh in Lydia as ασιος. According to many Muslims, the term came from Ancient Egypt's Queen Asiya, the adoptive mother of Moses.
Main article: History of Asia
The Silk Road connected civilizations across Asia
The Mongol Empire at its greatest extent. The gray area is the later Timurid Empire.
The history of Asia can be seen as the distinct histories of several peripheral coastal regions: East Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and the Middle East, linked by the interior mass of the Central Asian steppes.
The coastal periphery was home to some of the world's earliest known civilizations, each of them developing around fertile river valleys. The civilizations in Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley and the Yellow River shared many similarities. These civilizations may well have exchanged technologies and ideas such as mathematics and the wheel. Other innovations, such as writing, seem to have been developed individually in each area. Cities, states and empires developed in these lowlands.
The central steppe region had long been inhabited by horse-mounted nomads who could reach all areas of Asia from the steppes. The earliest postulated expansion out of the steppe is that of the Indo-Europeans, who spread their languages into the Middle East, South Asia, and the borders of China, where the Tocharians resided. The northernmost part of Asia, including much of Siberia, was largely inaccessible to the steppe nomads, owing to the dense forests, climate and tundra. These areas remained very sparsely populated.
The center and the peripheries were mostly kept separated by mountains and deserts. The Caucasus and Himalaya mountains and the Karakum and Gobi deserts formed barriers that the steppe horsemen could cross only with difficulty. While the urban city dwellers were more advanced technologically and socially, in many cases they could do little in a military aspect to defend against the mounted hordes of the steppe. However, the lowlands did not have enough open grasslands to support a large horsebound force; for this and other reasons, the nomads who conquered states in China, India, and the Middle East often found themselves adapting to the local, more affluent societies.
The Islamic Caliphate's defeats of the Byzantine and Persian empires led to West Asia and southern parts of Central Asia and western parts of South Asia under its control during its conquests of the 7th century. The Mongol Empire conquered a large part of Asia in the 13th century, an area extending from China to Europe. Before the Mongol invasion, Song dynasty reportedly had approximately 120 million citizens; the 1300 census which followed the invasion reported roughly 60 million people.
The Black Death, one of the most devastating pandemics in human history, is thought to have originated in the arid plains of central Asia, where it then travelled along the Silk Road.
The Russian Empire began to expand into Asia from the 17th century, and would eventually take control of all of Siberia and most of Central Asia by the end of the 19th century. The Ottoman Empire controlled Anatolia, most of the Middle East, North Africa and the Balkans from the mid 16th century onwards. In the 17th century, the Manchu conquered China and established the Qing dynasty. The Islamic Mughal Empire and the Hindu Maratha Empire controlled much of India in the 16th and 18th centuries respectively. The Empire of Japan controlled most of East Asia and much of Southeast Asia, New Guinea and the Pacific islands until the end of World War II.
Map of western, southern, and central Asia in 1885
The map of Asia in 1796, which also included the continent of Australia (then known as New Holland).
1890 map of Asia
Main articles: Geography of Asia and Climate of Asia
See also: Category:Biota of Asia
The Himalayan range is home to some of the planet's highest peaks.
Asia is the largest continent on Earth. It covers 9% of the Earth's total surface area (or 30% of its land area), and has the longest coastline, at 62,800 kilometres (39,022 mi). Asia is generally defined as comprising the eastern four-fifths of Eurasia. It is located to the east of the Suez Canal and the Ural Mountains, and south of the Caucasus Mountains (or the Kuma–Manych Depression) and the Caspian and Black Seas. It is bounded on the east by the Pacific Ocean, on the south by the Indian Ocean and on the north by the Arctic Ocean. Asia is subdivided into 48 countries, three of them (Russia, Kazakhstan and Turkey) having part of their land in Europe.
Asia has extremely diverse climates and geographic features. Climates range from arctic and subarctic in Siberia to tropical in southern India and Southeast Asia. It is moist across southeast sections, and dry across much of the interior. Some of the largest daily temperature ranges on Earth occur in western sections of Asia. The monsoon circulation dominates across southern and eastern sections, due to the presence of the Himalayas forcing the formation of a thermal low which draws in moisture during the summer. Southwestern sections of the continent are hot. Siberia is one of the coldest places in the Northern Hemisphere, and can act as a source of arctic air masses for North America. The most active place on Earth for tropical cyclone activity lies northeast of the Philippines and south of Japan. The Gobi Desert is in Mongolia and the Arabian Desert stretches across much of the Middle East. The Yangtze River in China is the longest river in the continent. The Himalayas between Nepal and China is the tallest mountain range in the world. Tropical rainforests stretch across much of southern Asia and coniferous and deciduous forests lie farther north.
Mongolian steppe
South China Karst
Altai Mountains
Maldivian Coral reef
Main regions
Central Asia (The 'stans)
East Asia (Far East)
North Asia (Siberia)
South Asia (Indian subcontinent)
Southeast Asia (East Indies and Indochina)
Western Asia (The Middle East or Near East)
A survey carried out in 2010 by global risk analysis farm Maplecroft identified 16 countries that are extremely vulnerable to climate change. Each nation's vulnerability was calculated using 42 socio, economic and environmental indicators, which identified the likely climate change impacts during the next 30 years. The Asian countries of Bangladesh, India, Vietnam, Thailand, Pakistan and Sri Lanka were among the 16 countries facing extreme risk from climate change. Some shifts are already occurring. For example, in tropical parts of India with a semi-arid climate, the temperature increased by 0.4 °C between 1901 and 2003.A 2013 study by the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) aimed to find science-based, pro-poor approaches and techniques that would enable Asia's agricultural systems to cope with climate change, while benefitting poor and vulnerable farmers. The study's recommendations ranged from improving the use of climate information in local planning and strengthening weather-based agro-advisory services, to stimulating diversification of rural household incomes and providing incentives to farmers to adopt natural resource conservation measures to enhance forest cover, replenish groundwater and use renewable energy.
Main articles: Economy of Asia, List of Asian countries by GDP, List of countries in Asia-Pacific by GDP (nominal), and List of Asian and Pacific countries by GDP (PPP)
Singapore has one of the busiest ports in the world and is the world's fourth largest foreign exchange trading center.
GDP (PPP, Peak Year)
millions of USD
1 China 27,331,166 2019
2 India 20,468,022 2019
3 Japan 5,749,550 2019
4 Russia 4,357,759 2019
5 Indonesia 3,743,159 2019
6 Turkey 2,292,511 2018
7 South Korea 2,229,779 2019
8 Saudi Arabia 1,924,253 2019
9 Iran 1,639,561 2017
10 Thailand 1,390,484 2019
GDP (nominal, Peak Year)
3 India 2,971,996 2019
7 Turkey 950,328 2013
8 Saudi Arabia 782,483 2018
9 Taiwan 601,431 2019
10 Iran 577,214 2011
Asia has the largest continental economy by both GDP Nominal and PPP in the world, and is the fastest growing economic region. As of 2018, the largest economies in Asia are China, Japan, India, Russia, South Korea, Indonesia and Turkey based on GDP in both nominal and PPP. Based on Global Office Locations 2011, Asia dominated the office locations with 4 of the top 5 being in Asia: Hong Kong, Singapore, Tokyo and Seoul. Around 68 percent of international firms have office in Hong Kong.
In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the economies of China and India have been growing rapidly, both with an average annual growth rate of more than 8%. Other recent very-high-growth nations in Asia include Israel, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Mongolia, Uzbekistan and the Philippines, and mineral-rich nations such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Brunei, the United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Oman.
According to economic historian Angus Maddison in his book The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective, India had the world's largest economy during 0 BCE and 1000 BCE. China was the largest and most advanced economy on earth for much of recorded history, until the British Empire (excluding India) overtook it in the mid-19th century. For several decades in the late twentieth century Japan was the largest economy in Asia and second-largest of any single nation in the world, after surpassing the Soviet Union (measured in net material product) in 1986 and Germany in 1968. (NB: A number of supernational economies are larger, such as the European Union (EU), the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) or APEC). This ended in 2010 when China overtook Japan to become the world's second largest economy.
In the late 1980s and early 1990s, Japan's GDP was almost as large (current exchange rate method) as that of the rest of Asia combined. In 1995, Japan's economy nearly equaled that of the US as the largest economy in the world for a day, after the Japanese currency reached a record high of 79 yen/US$. Economic growth in Asia since World War II to the 1990s had been concentrated in Japan as well as the four regions of South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore located in the Pacific Rim, known as the Asian tigers, which have now all received developed country status, having the highest GDP per capita in Asia.
Mumbai is one of the most populous cities on the continent. The city is an infrastructure and tourism hub, and plays a crucial role in the Economy of India.
It is forecasted that India will overtake Japan in terms of nominal GDP by 2020. By 2027, according to Goldman Sachs, China will have the largest economy in the world. Several trade blocs exist, with the most developed being the Association of Southeast Asian Nations.
Asia is the largest continent in the world by a considerable margin, and it is rich in natural resources, such as petroleum, forests, fish, water, rice, copper and silver. Manufacturing in Asia has traditionally been strongest in East and Southeast Asia, particularly in China, Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, India, the Philippines, and Singapore. Japan and South Korea continue to dominate in the area of multinational corporations, but increasingly the PRC and India are making significant inroads. Many companies from Europe, North America, South Korea and Japan have operations in Asia's developing countries to take advantage of its abundant supply of cheap labour and relatively developed infrastructure.
According to Citigroup 9 of 11 Global Growth Generators countries came from Asia driven by population and income growth. They are Bangladesh, China, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Mongolia, Philippines, Sri Lanka and Vietnam. Asia has three main financial centers: Hong Kong, Tokyo and Singapore. Call centers and business process outsourcing (BPOs) are becoming major employers in India and the Philippines due to the availability of a large pool of highly skilled, English-speaking workers. The increased use of outsourcing has assisted the rise of India and the China as financial centers. Due to its large and extremely competitive information technology industry, India has become a major hub for outsourcing.
In 2010, Asia had 3.3 million millionaires (people with net worth over US$1 million excluding their homes), slightly below North America with 3.4 million millionaires. Last year Asia had toppled Europe.Citigroup in The Wealth Report 2012 stated that Asian centa-millionaire overtook North America's wealth for the first time as the world's "economic center of gravity" continued moving east. At the end of 2011, there were 18,000 Asian people mainly in Southeast Asia, China and Japan who have at least $100 million in disposable assets, while North America with 17,000 people and Western Europe with 14,000 people.
Wat Phra Kaeo in the Grand Palace is among Bangkok's major tourist attractions.
With growing Regional Tourism with domination of Chinese visitors, MasterCard has released Global Destination Cities Index 2013 with 10 of 20 are dominated by Asia and Pacific Region Cities and also for the first time a city of a country from Asia (Bangkok) set in the top-ranked with 15.98 international visitors.
Main article: Demographics of Asia
243,000,000 —
436,000,000 +79.4%
947,000,000 +117.2%
1,402,000,000 +48.0%
3,634,000,000 +159.2%
Source: "UN report 2004 data" (PDF).
The figure for 2016 is provided by the 2017 revision of the World Population Prospects.
Graph showing population by continent as a percentage of world population (1750–2005)
East Asia had by far the strongest overall Human Development Index (HDI) improvement of any region in the world, nearly doubling average HDI attainment over the past 40 years, according to the report's analysis of health, education and income data. China, the second highest achiever in the world in terms of HDI improvement since1970, is the only country on the "Top 10 Movers" list due to income rather than health or education achievements. Its per capita income increased a stunning 21-fold over the last four decades, also lifting hundreds of millions out of income poverty. Yet it was not among the region's top performers in improving school enrollment and life expectancy.
Nepal, a South Asian country, emerges as one of the world's fastest movers since 1970 mainly due to health and education achievements. Its present life expectancy is 25 years longer than in the 1970s. More than four of every five children of school age in Nepal now attend primary school, compared to just one in five 40 years ago.
Hong Kong ranked highest among the countries grouped on the HDI (number 7 in the world, which is in the "very high human development" category), followed by Singapore (9), Japan (19) and South Korea (22). Afghanistan (155) ranked lowest amongst Asian countries out of the 169 countries assessed.
Main article: Languages of Asia
Asia is home to several language families and many language isolates. Most Asian countries have more than one language that is natively spoken. For instance, according to Ethnologue, more than 600 languages are spoken in Indonesia, more than 800 languages spoken in India, and more than 100 are spoken in the Philippines. China has many languages and dialects in different provinces.
See also: Eastern philosophy, Religion in Asia, and List of Asian mythologies
Many of the world's major religions have their origins in Asia, including the five most practiced in the world (excluding irreligion), which are Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Chinese folk religion (classified as Confucianism and Taoism), and Buddhism respectively. Asian mythology is complex and diverse. The story of the Great Flood for example, as presented to Jews in the Hebrew Bible in the narrative of Noah—and later to Christians in the Old Testament, and to Muslims in the Quran—is earliest found in Mesopotamian mythology, in the Enûma Eliš and Epic of Gilgamesh. Hindu mythology similarly tells about an avatar of Vishnu in the form of a fish who warned Manu of a terrible flood. Ancient Chinese mythology also tells of a Great Flood spanning generations, one that required the combined efforts of emperors and divinities to control.
The Western Wall and the Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem
Pilgrims in the annual Hajj at the Kaabah in Mecca.
The Abrahamic religions including Judaism, Christianity, Islam and Bahá'í Faith originated in West Asia.
Judaism, the oldest of the Abrahamic faiths, is practiced primarily in Israel, the indigenous homeland and historical birthplace of the Hebrew nation: which today consists both of those Jews who remained in the Middle East and those who returned from diaspora in Europe, North America, and other regions; though various diaspora communities persist worldwide. Jews are the predominant ethnic group in Israel (75.6%) numbering at about 6.1 million, although the levels of adherence to Jewish religion vary. Outside of Israel there are small ancient Jewish communities in Turkey (17,400),Azerbaijan (9,100), Iran (8,756), India (5,000) and Uzbekistan (4,000), among many other places. In total, there are 14.4–17.5 million (2016, est.) Jews alive in the world today, making them one of the smallest Asian minorities, at roughly 0.3 to 0.4 percent of the total population of the continent.
Christianity is a widespread religion in Asia with more than 286 million adherents according to Pew Research Center in 2010, and nearly 364 million according to Britannica Book of the Year 2014. Constituting around 12.6% of the total population of Asia. In the Philippines and East Timor, Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion; it was introduced by the Spaniards and the Portuguese, respectively. In Armenia, Georgia and Asian Russia, Eastern Orthodoxy is the predominant religion. In the Middle East, such as in the Levant, Syriac Christianity (Church of the East) and Oriental Orthodoxy are prevalent minority denominations, which are both Eastern Christian sects mainly adhered to Assyrian people or Syriac Christians. Saint Thomas Christians in India trace their origins to the evangelistic activity of Thomas the Apostle in the 1st century.
Islam, which originated in the Hejaz located in modern-day Saudi Arabia, is the second largest and most widely-spread religion in Asia with at least 1 billion Muslims constituting around 23.8% of the total population of Asia. With 12.7% of the world Muslim population, the country currently with the largest Muslim population in the world is Indonesia, followed by Pakistan (11.5%), India (10%), Bangladesh, Iran and Turkey. Mecca, Medina and Jerusalem are the three holiest cities for Islam in all the world. The Hajj and Umrah attract large numbers of Muslim devotees from all over the world to Mecca and Medina. Iran is the largest Shi'a country.
The Bahá'í Faith originated in Asia, in Iran (Persia), and spread from there to the Ottoman Empire, Central Asia, India, and Burma during the lifetime of Bahá'u'lláh. Since the middle of the 20th century, growth has particularly occurred in other Asian countries, because Bahá'í activities in many Muslim countries has been severely suppressed by authorities. Lotus Temple is a big Baha'i Temple in India.
Indian and East Asian religions
The Swaminarayan Akshardham Temple in Delhi, according to the Guinness World Records is the World's Largest Comprehensive Hindu Temple
Almost all Asian religions have philosophical character and Asian philosophical traditions cover a large spectrum of philosophical thoughts and writings. Indian philosophy includes Hindu philosophy and Buddhist philosophy. They include elements of nonmaterial pursuits, whereas another school of thought from India, Cārvāka, preached the enjoyment of the material world. The religions of Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism originated in India, South Asia. In East Asia, particularly in China and Japan, Confucianism, Taoism and Zen Buddhism took shape.
As of 2012, Hinduism has around 1.1 billion adherents. The faith represents around 25% of Asia's population and is the largest religion in Asia. However, it is mostly concentrated in South Asia. Over 80% of the populations of both India and Nepal adhere to Hinduism, alongside significant communities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan, Sri Lanka and Bali, Indonesia. Many overseas Indians in countries such as Burma, Singapore and Malaysia also adhere to Hinduism.
Statue of Unity located in Gujarat, India is the World's tallest statue.
Buddhism has a great following in mainland Southeast Asia and East Asia. Buddhism is the religion of the majority of the populations of Cambodia (96%),Thailand (95%),Burma (80–89%), Japan (36–96%),Bhutan (75–84%),Sri Lanka (70%),Laos (60–67%) and Mongolia (53–93%). Large Buddhist populations also exist in Singapore (33–51%),Taiwan (35–93%), South Korea (23–50%),Malaysia (19–21%),Nepal (9–11%),Vietnam (10–75%), China (20–50%),North Korea (2–14%), and small communities in India and Bangladesh. In many Chinese communities, Mahayana Buddhism is easily syncretized with Taoism, thus exact religious statistics is difficult to obtain and may be understated or overstated. The Communist-governed countries of China, Vietnam and North Korea are officially atheist, thus the number of Buddhists and other religious adherents may be under-reported.
Jainism is found mainly in India and in oversea Indian communities such as the United States and Malaysia. Sikhism is found in Northern India and amongst overseas Indian communities in other parts of Asia, especially Southeast Asia. Confucianism is found predominantly in Mainland China, South Korea, Taiwan and in overseas Chinese populations. Taoism is found mainly in Mainland China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Singapore. Taoism is easily syncretized with Mahayana Buddhism for many Chinese, thus exact religious statistics is difficult to obtain and may be understated or overstated.
Japanese wedding at the Meiji Shrine
Hindu festival celebrated by Singapore's Tamil community
Orthodox cross procession in Novosibirsk
Catholic procession of the Black Nazarene in Manila
Muslim men praying in Turkey
A refugee special train in Ambala, Punjab during the partition of India in 1947
US forces drop Napalm on suspected Viet Cong positions in 1965
Wounded civilians arrive at a hospital in Aleppo during the Syrian Civil War, October 2012
Demonstrations in Hong Kong against the Extradition bill began in March 2019 and turned into continuing mass movements, drawing around 2 million protesters by June
Some of the events pivotal in the Asia territory related to the relationship with the outside world in the post-Second World War were:
The Partition of India
The Chinese Civil War
The Kashmir conflict
The Balochistan Conflict
The Naxalite–Maoist insurgency in India
The French-Indochina War
The Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation
The 1959 Tibetan uprising
The Sino-Vietnamese War
The Bangladesh Liberation War
The Xinjiang conflict
The Iranian Revolution
The Soviet–Afghan War
The Iran–Iraq War
The Cambodian Killing Fields
The Insurgency in Laos
The Lebanese Civil War
The Sri Lankan Civil War
The 1988 Maldives coup d'état
The Dissolution of the Soviet Union
The Nepalese Civil War
The Indo-Pakistani wars and conflicts
The West Papua conflict
The Nagorno-Karabakh War
The 1989 Tiananmen Square protests
The Indonesian occupation of East Timor
The 1999 Pakistani coup d'état
The War in Afghanistan
The South Thailand insurgency
The 2006 Thai coup d'état
The Burmese Civil War
The Saffron Revolution
The Kurdish-Turkish conflict
The Arab–Israeli conflict
The Syrian Civil War
The Sino-Indian War
The Moro conflict in the Philippines
The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant
The Turkish invasion of Syria
The Rohingya crisis in Myanmar
The Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen
The Hong Kong protests
Main article: Culture of Asia
Indian polymath Rabindranath Tagore was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1913, and became Asia's first Nobel laureate
The polymath Rabindranath Tagore, a Bengali poet, dramatist, and writer from Santiniketan, now in West Bengal, India, became in 1913 the first Asian Nobel laureate. He won his Nobel Prize in Literature for notable impact his prose works and poetic thought had on English, French, and other national literatures of Europe and the Americas. He is also the writer of the national anthems of Bangladesh and India.
Other Asian writers who won Nobel Prize for literature include Yasunari Kawabata (Japan, 1968), Kenzaburō Ōe (Japan, 1994), Gao Xingjian (China, 2000), Orhan Pamuk (Turkey, 2006), and Mo Yan (China, 2012). Some may consider the American writer, Pearl S. Buck, an honorary Asian Nobel laureate, having spent considerable time in China as the daughter of missionaries, and based many of her novels, namely The Good Earth (1931) and The Mother (1933), as well as the biographies of her parents of their time in China, The Exile and Fighting Angel, all of which earned her the Literature prize in 1938.
Also, Mother Teresa of India and Shirin Ebadi of Iran were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for their significant and pioneering efforts for democracy and human rights, especially for the rights of women and children. Ebadi is the first Iranian and the first Muslim woman to receive the prize. Another Nobel Peace Prize winner is Aung San Suu Kyi from Burma for her peaceful and non-violent struggle under a military dictatorship in Burma. She is a nonviolent pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Burma (Myanmar) and a noted prisoner of conscience. She is a Buddhist and was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991. Chinese dissident Liu Xiaobo was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for "his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China" on 8 October 2010. He is the first Chinese citizen to be awarded a Nobel Prize of any kind while residing in China. In 2014, Kailash Satyarthi from India and Malala Yousafzai from Pakistan were awarded the Nobel Peace Prize "for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education".
Sir C.V. Raman is the first Asian to get a Nobel prize in Sciences. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics "for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him".
Japan has won the most Nobel Prizes of any Asian nation with 24 followed by India which has won 13.
Amartya Sen, (born 3 November 1933) is an Indian economist who was awarded the 1998 Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences for his contributions to welfare economics and social choice theory, and for his interest in the problems of society's poorest members.
Other Asian Nobel Prize winners include Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Abdus Salam, Malala Yousafzai, Robert Aumann, Menachem Begin, Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Daniel Kahneman, Shimon Peres, Yitzhak Rabin, Ada Yonath, Yasser Arafat, José Ramos-Horta and Bishop Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo of Timor Leste, Kim Dae-jung, and 13 Japanese scientists. Most of the said awardees are from Japan and Israel except for Chandrasekhar and Raman (India), Abdus Salam and Malala yousafzai, (Pakistan), Arafat (Palestinian Territories), Kim (South Korea), and Horta and Belo (Timor Leste).
In 2006, Dr. Muhammad Yunus of Bangladesh was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for the establishment of Grameen Bank, a community development bank that lends money to poor people, especially women in Bangladesh. Dr. Yunus received his PhD in economics from Vanderbilt University, United States. He is internationally known for the concept of micro credit which allows poor and destitute people with little or no collateral to borrow money. The borrowers typically pay back money within the specified period and the incidence of default is very low.
The Dalai Lama has received approximately eighty-four awards over his spiritual and political career. On 22 June 2006, he became one of only four people ever to be recognized with Honorary Citizenship by the Governor General of Canada. On 28 May 2005, he received the Christmas Humphreys Award from the Buddhist Society in the United Kingdom. Most notable was the Nobel Peace Prize, presented in Oslo, Norway on 10 December 1989.
Main article: Politics of Asia
See also: List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
From 1841 to 1997, Hong Kong was a British colony.
Qat.
Kuw.
Azer.
Cyp.
Afghanistan 34,656,032 647,500 Kabul
Armenia 2,924,816 29,743 Yerevan
Azerbaijan 9,725,376 86,600 Baku
Bahrain 1,425,171 760 Manama
Bangladesh 162,951,560 147,570 Dhaka
Bhutan 797,765 38,394 Thimphu
Brunei 423,196 5,765 Bandar Seri Begawan
Cambodia 15,762,370 181,035 Phnom Penh
China (PRC) 1,403,500,365 9,596,961 Beijing
Cyprus 1,170,125 9,251 Nicosia
East Timor 1,268,671 14,874 Dili
Egypt 95,688,681 1,010,408 Cairo
Georgia 3,925,405 69,700 Tbilisi
India 1,324,171,354 3,287,263 New Delhi
Indonesia 261,115,456 1,904,569 Jakarta
Iran 80,277,428 1,648,195 Tehran
Iraq 37,202,572 438,317 Baghdad
Israel 8,191,828 20,770 Jerusalem (disputed)
Japan 127,748,513 377,915 Tokyo
Jordan 9,455,802 89,342 Amman
Kazakhstan 17,987,736 2,724,900 Nur-Sultan
Kuwait 4,052,584 17,818 Kuwait City
Kyrgyzstan 5,955,734 199,951 Bishkek
Laos 6,758,353 236,800 Vientiane
Lebanon 6,006,668 10,400 Beirut
Malaysia 31,187,265 329,847 Kuala Lumpur
Maldives 427,756 298 Malé
Mongolia 3,027,398 1,564,116 Ulaanbaatar
Myanmar 52,885,223 676,578 Naypyidaw
Nepal 28,982,771 147,181 Kathmandu
North Korea 25,368,620 120,538 Pyongyang
Oman 4,424,762 309,500 Muscat
Pakistan 211,103,000 881,913 Islamabad
Palestine 4,790,705 6,220 Ramallah
(Jerusalem) (claimed)
Papua New Guinea 8,084,991 462,840 Port Moresby
Philippines 103,320,222 343,448 Manila
Qatar 2,569,804 11,586 Doha
Russia 143,964,513 17,098,242 Moscow
Saudi Arabia 32,275,687 2,149,690 Riyadh
Singapore 5,622,455 697 Singapore
South Korea 50,791,919 100,210 Seoul
Sri Lanka 20,798,492 65,610 Colombo
Syria 18,430,453 185,180 Damascus
Taiwan (ROC) 23,556,706 36,193 Taipei
Tajikistan 8,734,951 143,100 Dushanbe
Thailand 68,863,514 513,120 Bangkok
Turkey 79,512,426 783,562 Ankara
Turkmenistan 5,662,544 488,100 Ashgabat
United Arab Emirates 9,269,612 83,600 Abu Dhabi
Uzbekistan 31,446,795 447,400 Tashkent
Vietnam 94,569,072 331,212 Hanoi
Yemen 27,584,213 527,968 Sana'a
Within the above-mentioned states are several partially recognized countries with limited to no international recognition. None of them are members of the UN:
Abkhazia 242,862 8,660 Sukhumi
Artsakh 146,573 11,458 Stepanakert
Northern Cyprus 326,000 3,355 North Nicosia
South Ossetia 51,547 3,900 Tskhinvali
Main articles: Outline of Asia and Index of Asia-related articles
References to articles:
Subregions of Asia
Special topics:
Asian Para Games
Asian Monetary Unit
Asian people
Eastern world
Fauna of Asia
Flags of Asia
Pan-Asianism
List of metropolitan areas in Asia by population
List of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia
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^ transcontinental country.
^ Eastern Thrace region of Turkey is in Europe. Therefore Turkey is a transcontinental country.
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Upper Rhine Plain
Upper Rhine
Septimania
Baetic System
Po Valley (Padania)
Italian Peninsula
Tuscan Archipelago
Insular Italy
Slavic countries
European Plain
Pannonian Basin
Great Hungarian Plain
Little Hungarian Plain
Eastern Slovak Lowland
Regions of North America
(Canada)
Atlantic Northeast
Prairie Pothole Region
Canadian Arctic Archipelago
Canadian Prairies
Acadian Peninsula
Quebec City–Windsor Corridor
Peace River Country
Palliser's Triangle
Interior Alaska-Yukon lowland taiga
Kodiak Island
Newfoundland (island)
Labrador Peninsula
Gaspé Peninsula
Bay de Verde Peninsula
Brodeur Peninsula
Melville Peninsula
Banks Peninsula (Nunavut)
Cook Peninsula
Gulf of Boothia
Aleutian Arc
Aleutian Range
Alaska Peninsula
Aleutian Islands
Intermountain West
Basin and Range Province
Northwestern United States
Old Southwest
Tallgrass prairie
Upland South
Santa Fe de Nuevo México
Pacific Coast Ranges
Mormon Corridor
Calumet Region
Third Coast
Trans-Mississippi
Great North Woods
Interior Plains
Great Basin
Great Basin Desert
Ark-La-Tex
Waxhaws
Twin Tiers
Atlantic coastal plain
Outer Lands
Black Dirt Region
Piney Woods
Shawnee Hills
Tornado Alley
Lower Colorado River Valley
Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta
Yukon–Kuskokwim Delta
Colville Delta
Arkansas Delta
Mobile–Tensaw River Delta
Mississippi River Delta
Columbia River Estuary
Upper Peninsula of Michigan
Lower Peninsula of Michigan
Virginia Peninsula
Keweenaw Peninsula
Middle Peninsula
Delmarva Peninsula
"Belt" regions
Corn Belt
Cotton Belt
Frost Belt
Rice Belt
Snow Belt
Baja California Peninsula
Gulf of California
Colorado River Delta
Soconusco
Tierra Caliente
Valley of Mexico
Mezquital Valley
Sierra Madre de Oaxaca
Yucatán Peninsula
Northern Triangle of Central America
Western Caribbean Zone
Isthmus of Panama
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Azuero Peninsula
Leeward Antilles
Lucayan Archipelago
Aridoamerica
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American Cordillera
Regions of Oceania
Kula Gulf
Capital Country
Eastern Australia
Lake Eyre basin
Murray–Darling basin
Nullarbor Plain
Maralinga
Great Victoria Desert
Gulf St Vincent
Lefevre Peninsula
Mount Henry Peninsula
Islands Region
North Solomon Islands
Republic of West Papua
Austral Islands
Mangareva Islands
Regions of South America
Atlantic Forest
Caribbean South America
Los Llanos
The Guianas
Gulf of Paria
Paria Peninsula
Paraguaná Peninsula
Orinoco Delta
Chiquitano dry forests
Valdes Peninsula
Río de la Plata Basin
Tropical Andes
Wet Andes
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Pariacaca mountain range
Atacama Desert
Bolivarian
Earth's polar regions
Eklund Islands
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British Arctic Territories
Nunavik
North American Arctic
Earth's oceans and seas
Amundsen Gulf
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Balearic Sea
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Foxe Basin
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Sea of Åland
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Sea of the Hebrides
Thracian Sea
Bali Sea
Flores Sea
Great Australian Bight
Gulf of Suez
Mozambique Channel
Timor Sea
Bismarck Sea
Bohai Sea
Bohol Sea
Camotes Sea
Celebes Sea
Chilean Sea
Gulf of Anadyr
Gulf of Fonseca
Halmahera Sea
Koro Sea
Molucca Sea
Moro Gulf
Salish Sea
Savu Sea
Seram Sea
Seto Inland Sea
Shantar Sea
Sibuyan Sea
Solomon Sea
Tasman Sea
Visayan Sea
Amundsen Sea
Bellingshausen Sea
Cooperation Sea
Cosmonauts Sea
Davis Sea
D'Urville Sea
King Haakon VII Sea
Lazarev Sea
Mawson Sea
Riiser-Larsen Sea
Scotia Sea
Somov Sea
Weddell Sea
Endorheic basins


text:
Sakura Doi (Akita, Japón 28 de marzo de 1995) es una jugadora profesional de voleibol japonesa, juega de posición opuesto.

Palmarés

Clubes
Campeonato de Japón:
  2017
Copa de Kurowashiki:
  2017, 2019

Selección nacional
Campeonato Asiático Femenino Sub-20:
  2012
Campeonato Mundial Femenino Sub-20:
  2013

Referencias

Enlaces externos
 perfil Volleybox
 perfil FIVB

Voleibolistas de Japón

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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text:
Title & authors Abstract Similar articles LinkOut - more resources
J Hosp Infect
, 104 (1), 12-19
A Point Prevalence Study to Determine the Inpatient Rate of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms at a Large London NHS Trust
J Henderson 1 , H Ciesielczuk 2 , S M Nelson 3 , M Wilks 4 , M N Cummins 2
1 Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK. Electronic address: Jennifer.henderson5@nhs.net.
2 Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.
3 Department of Applied Sciences, University of the West of England, Bristol, UK.
4 Division of Infection, Royal London Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK; Blizard Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK.
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2019.10.012
J Henderson et al. J Hosp Infect. Jan 2020
Background: There has been an increase in the number of carbapenemase-producing organisms documented across the UK over the past 10 years. From these, the 'big five' carbapenemases (KPC, OXA-48, IMP, VIM, and NDM) are the most common types reported in the order Enterobacterales, identified from a variety of reactive screening, outbreak, inpatient surveillance, and diagnostic samples.
Aim: To perform a point prevalence study to determine the inpatient carriage rate of carbapenemase-producing organisms at Barts Health NHS Trust, which encompasses 2.5 million patients across four London boroughs: Tower Hamlets, Newham, Redbridge, and Waltham Forest.
Methods: Rectal swabs were collected from consenting inpatients, alongside details of the ward's medical specialty, patient's country of birth, history of foreign travel, length of hospitalization, and history of prior hospitalization. Swabs were enriched and subcultured on to mSuperCARBA selective medium. All Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas species were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy and underwent antibiotic susceptibility testing by disc diffusion, according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) guidelines. All isolates were screened for the 'big five' carbapenemases using a modified version of a published reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay.
Findings: Of the 977 inpatients tested, 35 CPOs were isolated from 30 patients. NDM was the most frequently detected carbapenemase, followed by OXA-48, with an overall prevalence of 3.1%. Organisms isolated included Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli. Renal and elderly care patients had the highest prevalences of CPOs, whereas the intensive care unit prevalence was low. Statistical analysis found that hospitalization abroad, any previous hospitalization, foreign travel and, specifically, travel to India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh were associated with increased risk of CPO carriage.
Conclusion: The overall prevalence of CPOs at Barts Health Trust was 3.1%, comprising NDM and OXA-48-type carbapenemases, which is in line with other London-based studies. Renal patients and the elderly had the highest burden of CPOs, whereas previous hospitalization and foreign travel were associated with an increased risk of CPO carriage.
Keywords: Carbapenemase; Inpatient; Prevalence; Screening; Surveillance.
Copyright © 2019 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Community Prevalence of Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms in East London
J Henderson et al. J Hosp Infect 103 (2), 142-146. Oct 2019. PMID 31047935.
To date, there have been no studies investigating the prevalence of CPOs in the UK community. Given the high-risk patient population served by Barts Health NHS Trust, it …
[Comparison of the Modified Hodge Test and the Carba NP Test for Detection of Carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates]
G Bayramoğlu et al. Mikrobiyol Bul 50 (1), 1-10. Jan 2016. PMID 27058324.
A rapid, practical, and accurate identification of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates is crucial for the implementation of appropriate infection control …
Diagnostic Performance of the Xpert Carba-R Assay for Active Surveillance of Rectal Carbapenemase-Producing Organisms in Intensive Care Unit Patients
YJ Ko et al. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 8, 127. 2019. PMID 31384432.
We demonstrated the prevalence of CPO carriage in high-risk patients upon ICU admission and evaluated the diagnostic performance of the Carba-R assay. The combined use of …
Dissemination of Carbapenemases Producing Gram Negative Bacteria in the Middle East
A Zahedi Bialvaei et al. Iran J Microbiol 7 (5), 226-46. Oct 2015. PMID 26719779. - Review
The emergence and spread of carbapenemase-producing bacteria, that hydolyze most β-lactams, including carbapenems, are a major concern of public health system worldwide, …
An Emerging Public Health Problem: Acquired Carbapenemase-Producing Microorganisms Are Present in Food-Producing Animals, Their Environment, Companion Animals and Wild Birds
B Guerra et al. Vet Microbiol 171 (3-4), 290-7. 2014. PMID 24629777. - Review
Worldwide, the emergence and global spread of microorganisms with acquired carbapenemases is of great concern. The reservoirs for such organisms are increasing, not only …

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Commentary and picks by Backseat Coach. Photograph ©Alanna Hinz.
Maine Mayhem @ NY Knockout — This is a makeup game of a match that was postponed on account of inclement weather.
New England Nightmare @ Connecticut Hawks — This is a makeup game of a match that was postponed on account of inclement weather.
Atlanta Phoenix @ Pittsburgh Passion — Atlanta will battle hard, but I expect Pittsburgh to win this handily.
Cleveland Fusion @ D.C. Divas — It will be interesting to see how Cleveland stacks up against D.C., since the only D1 foe they faced all season has been Pittsburgh and that was way back in Week 3. But seeing that the Fusion lost to New York and Montreal, I expect D.C. to win by a wide cushion.
Kansas City Titans @ Minnesota Vixen — By defeating the Madison Blaze last week, Kansas City jumped in the Massey Ratings a remarkable 5 spots to secure a playoff spot. They get what they want in a revenge match with the Minnesota Vixen who thrashed them twice in the regular season. But they will have to step up their game remarkably to walk away with a win.
San Diego Surge @ Los Angeles Warriors — Likely to be the most contested game this week. The Surge opened the WFA season with an electrifying one-point come-from-behind victory over Los Angeles, but the Warriors struck back in Week 7 winning by a touchdown in San Diego. This is a unique rivalry as many players have been on both rosters over their careers. Either team can win this, but I think L.A. has the edge because they have played better than S.D. against their common foe, the Central Cal War Angels.
New York Sharks @ Philadelphia Phantomz — The Phantomz have already shown their ability to dominate New York in Week 7 by blanking the Sharks 40-0, in what is the Sharks's most severe loss of the season to date. It proved New York's narrow four-point loss to the mighty D.C. Divas in Week 2 was really just a mirage of competitiveness.
Miami Fury @ Tampa Bay Inferno — I expect this also to be one of the more contested games of the week, and the history between these squads supports that expectation: very few lopsided victories. But Tampa Bay's 22-point victory over Miami earlier this season is the third-highest margin in the history between the two teams, so in that sense the Inferno is looking strong.
Everett Reign @ Sin City Trojans — While the Trojans do not have any eye-popping victories this season, they did finish up with a solid 40-point victory over the Inland Empire Ravens. It's a good way to enter the playoffs. On the other hand, Everett suffered a loss at home to the D3 Southern Oregon Lady Gades, a team they had beaten handily early in the season.


text:
Q: Is there way to HeroAnimate the value of TextField in Flutter? thank you for reading.
I want to know the way to HeroAnimate the value of TextField in Flutter.
I tried wrapping TextField with Hero(), but it won't work and shows this error code.
"TextField widgets require a Material widget ancestor."
So, my goal will be HeroAnimating the letter in the TextField to the Text of Next View.
Hoping for a solution

A: Error states that TextField widgets require a Material widget ancestor. Simply wrapping your whole Widget into Scaffold will solve the problem.
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
  return Material(
    child: YourAwesomeWidget(),
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Nadeshot is an American youtube personality with a net worth of $2 million. He is a professional gamer and has endorsements deals with Scuf Gamin, Astro Gaming and Red Bull. His youtube channel has over 2.8 million subscribers. His real name is Matthew Haag and he's 24 years old.
Matthew used to flip burgers at McDonalds but he has found success in playing video games. He has won more than 70 thousand dollars in prize money.
Nadeshot has an estimated net worth of $2 million.


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Taste test: These wide-rippled potato chips from Australia had a strong yellow color, with some areas of browning and skin on the edges, plus an unevenly distributed smattering of large green bits on the surfaces.
We crunched in to find an great brittle, crisp crunch and a very tasty seasoned chicken flavor. Excellent texture and flavor!
Smell test: Strong chicken smell.
This snack was discovered by David Heiniluoma in Sydney, Australia. Review published .


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text:
Hate Is In The Air: The Awful Cost of Demonizing LGBT People
Hate Crime Arson in Florida is one symptom of growing violence against the LGBT community.
Sarasota, Florida – The Associated Press carried this headline at 2 a.m. on September 11: Investigators Search for Man Who Set Fire at Gay Nightclub. According to the Orlando Sentinel, Sarasota County Sheriff's Department officials say that neighbors of the popular gay nightclub reported it being on fire at approximately 9 a.m. this past Sunday. Officers are searching for a man in a dark, long-sleeved shirt and light colored shorts, carrying a gas can, who walked up the door of Throb Nightclub, and had his image captured by a surveillance video camera. He allegedly started the fire and ran from the scene. Authorities of the Florida State Fire Marshall's Arson Unit and the sheriff's office are asking the cooperation of the public in the search for a hate-filled perpetrator.
This troubling story caught the attention of Vicki Nantz, documentary film maker and LGBT advocate, who traces this anti-LGBT violence back to the speech and actions of Texas Senator Ted Cruz, Former Arkansas Governor Mike Huckabee, Kim Davis, the Kentucky county clerk jailed for contempt of court for refusing to issue same-sex marriage licenses, and her attorney and co-founder of arch-conservative Liberty Counsel Mat Staver. Nantz, Producer/Director of films investigating violence against women and the LGBT community, warns her Facebook friends on this 9/11, "Be safe out there, everyone. Hate is in the air."
What 9/11 has to do with an outbreak of anti-LGBT violence in southwest Florida fourteen years since the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center Towers, the Pentagon, and the highjacking of United Airlines 93, drew the attention of Diana Butler Bass, the widely acclaimed commentator on the United States religious scene. Bass wrote on her Facebook wall for September 11, "One day, someone will write a book about how, in the early 21st century, we went from fearing and hating terrorists to fearing and hating people of differing political opinions. The sad and haunting legacy of 9/11 is thus."
Fr. Mychal Judge and Mark Bingham, gay heroes of 9/11
The disrubing irony of the heightened atmosphere of anti-LGBT rhetoric and violence on the 2015 anniversary of 9/11 noted by Nantz and Butler Bass is the courageous role openly gay heroes played on September 11, 2001. The Rev. Fr. Mychal Judge, Franciscan Chaplain of FDNY and one of the first firefighters to die in the collapse of the World Trade Center Towers, won his title as "the Saint of 9/11" that day. Avid rugby player Mark Bingham was one of the brave and desperate men who stormed the cockpit of UA Flight 93 over Pennsylvania, sacrificing himself to bring down the jet liner before its hijackers succeeded in crashing it into the White House or the U.S. Capitol Building. Both were openly gay men who threw themselves into the breach for their fellow human beings at a time of crisis and disaster. Both died sacrificially, not as any of the demeaning epithets being aimed at LGBT people by Cruz, Huckabee, Staver and their ilk since the Supreme Court decision legalizing same-sex marriage in all fifty states, but as American heroes.
Butler Bass makes a convincing connection between the fear of terrorists stoked by politicians and pundits since the original September 11, and the demonization of persons of differing political views today. Fear not only twists the guts of the public. Its primitive energy offers craven haters with an ideological agenda to advance a ready vehicle to advance it. And she is also right that fear of the other has seeped so deeply into the American psyche that no community is immune from the temptation to spread rumor and innuendo against those who oppose them politically. Some LGBT people, for example, have indulged themselves in making cruel comments about the physical appearance of Kim Davis and her marital history. The vulnerability of LGBT people in America, however, calls for a reconsideration of post-9/11 manipulation of public fear.
Nantz helps us see that the threat of acts of violence against the lives and property of LGBT people is not simply another example of the political system in the Washington beltway gone awry. It has real consequences, from the arson at a gay nightclub to the epidemic murders of transgender women of color throughout the country. The hate in the air in post-9/11 America is a combination of the historical cultural loathing of LGBT people, and the cynical manipulation of a once-supreme white patriarchal group by the likes of presidential candidates and their legal and media henchmen. While they would deny any connection between their incitement of anti-LGBT sentiment and any outbreak of violence, their words and deeds are in the background of every hate crime perpetrated against the sexual and non-normative gender communities of America, and the reach of their cynical ideology is increasingly global. This anniversary of 9/11, our LGBT neighbors, families, co-workers, and friends are less safe in their persons, jobs, and property than they were even a year ago.
How we have declined from honoring the LGBT heroes of September 11 for their courage and sacrifice, to this 9/11 anniversary when anti-LGBT fear is being manipulated by calls for so-called "Religious Liberty" (read, "the re-imposition of oppression against gay, lesbian, transgender, and bisexual people"), is the book that cries out for someone to write. Hate is in the air this 9/11, and what it portends is something every American should be worried about.
September 11, 2015 Posted by unfinishedlives | 9/11, Anti-LGBT hate crime, Arson, Diana Butler Bass, Flight 93, Florida, Fr. Mychal Judge, Gay Bars, gay men, GLBTQ, Hate Crimes, hate speech, Heterosexism and homophobia, Kentucky, LGBTQ, Liberty Counsel, Mark Bingham, Mat Staver, Mike Huckabee, New York City, Pennsylvania, Perpetrators of Hate Crime, religious hate speech, religious intolerance, Same-sex marriage, Special Comments, Ted Cruz, transgender persons, Transgender women, U.S. Supreme Court, Vicki Nantz Films, Washington	| 9/11, Anti-LGBT hate crime, anti-LGBT hate crime murder, Arson, Diana Butler Bass, Flight 93, Florida, Fr. Mychal Judge, Gay Bars, gay men, GLBTQ, Hate Crimes, Heterosexism and homophobia, Kentucky, Kim Davis, LGBTQ, Liberty Counsel, Mark Bingham, Mat Staver, Mike Huckabee, New York, Pennsylvania, religious hate speech, religious intolerance, Religious Liberty, Ted Cruz, transgender persons, Vicki Nantz Films, World Trade Center | 2 Comments
9/11: Remembering the Fallen on the 11th Anniversary
The body of Fr. Mychal Judge, Chaplain of the Fire Department of New York, is carried from the chaos of Ground Zero on 9/11 [photo by Shannon Stapleton of Reuters].
New York, New York – September 11, 2001 is being recalled across the world today. On this 11th anniversary of the attacks on the World Trade Towers in New York City, the Pentagon in Washington, D.C., and the thwarted attack on the U.S. Capitol thanks to the heroic action of the passengers aboard United Flight 93 are remembered by a somber and far less naïve nation than the one which awoke to the horror of 9/11.
2,996 people died on that awful day, including the 19 men who hijacked four airliners, and 2,977 victims. Among the victims were the 246 passengers aboard the planes. 2,606 died in the Twin Towers. 125 died in the Pentagon. The vast majority of victims were civilians. At the Pentagon, 55 of the fallen were military personnel.
Of the heroic acts on 9/11, none were greater than the sacrifices made by the first responders. The Fire Department of New York (FDNY) lost 343 personnel that day. 75 firehouses suffered the loss of at least one member of their team. FDNY also lost its chief, its commissioner, its marshal, its chaplain, and many specialty and administrative personnel.
Collateral losses of first responders due to illness and injury sustained on 9/11 continue to this day.
Unfinished Lives salutes the fallen of 9/11 by choosing one among them all to serve as their representative: Fr. Mychal F. Judge, OFM, Chaplain of FDNY, who died offering comfort and assistance to the dying and wounded in the lobby of the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Witnesses testify that Fr. Mychal died when debris from the falling South Tower rocketed into the North Tower Lobby with a velocity of over 100 mph. The medical examiner certified that Fr. Mychal succumbed to blunt force trauma to the back of his head. His victim number is 0001, acknowledging that his body was the first to be recovered and carried from the scene. Among the unforgettable scenes of that awful day, the image of Fr. Mychal's lifeless body being borne away by his comrades, a modern day Pietà, is a stand out. He was an exemplary man, a dedicated priest, and, among other dimensions of his life, a gay man unafraid to own who he was among his colleagues and before the world.
Amidst the terror and the death of 9/11, the courage, loyalty and love of Fr. Mychal stands for the suffering and hope of all the fallen and their families. Much has changed since the trauma of that day, but the wounds to the American consciousness remain fresh. May we never forget. May we honor the dead by rededicating ourselves to improve the circumstances of the living, even as we strive to create a better world.
September 11, 2012 Posted by unfinishedlives | 9/11, Fr. Mychal Judge, gay men, GLBTQ, LGBTQ, New York, Remembrances, Roman Catholic Church and Homosexuality	| 9/11, Fire Department of New York (FDNY), Fr. Mychal Judge, gay men, GLBTQ, LGBTQ, New York, Remembrances, Roman Catholic Church and Homosexuality, World Trade Center | Comments Off on 9/11: Remembering the Fallen on the 11th Anniversary
Religion, LGBTQ People, and the Post-9/11 World: Special Comment
Austin, Texas – Has religion strengthened or weakened the ability of LGBTQ people to address the traumas of the post-9/11 world? When will LGBTQ people have the long-overdue discussion about organized religion and spirituality between queers of faith and faith-free LGBTQ people? These are but two of the questions Dr. Stephen Sprinkle, founder and director of the Unfinished Lives Project, addressed at the 10th annual Multi-Faith Pride Service in Austin on September 8. The service, a highlight of the yearly Austin Pride Festival, drew Jewish, Christian, Buddhist, Wiccan, and Unitarian adherents, among others. University United Methodist Church, adjacent to the main campus of the University of Texas at Austin, hosted the evening.
Dr. Sprinkle challenged Austinites to heal their sacred/secular rift in order to lead the nation in healing and wholeness during the second decade since the attacks on New York and Washington, D.C. In this excerpt, he makes his case:
"Unless and until we LGBTQ people of faith and our secular, faith-free sisters and brothers heal the rift among us over religion and learn how to work side-by-side, we will remain too divided and too weak to engage the mission our faiths call us to accomplish: the healing of the nation's lingering wounds after 9/11. I have a wonderful mentor and colleague here in Austin, Chaplain Paul Dodd, an ordained Baptist minister, a distinguished retired U.S. Army Chaplain, and leading pastoral counselor. He is co-founder of the Forum on the Military Chaplaincy, a visionary group of national leaders, both Gay and Straight, who have labored ceaselessly for the Repeal and Implementation of the Repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell. Paul deals with the religious reservations of gays and lesbians compassionately day-in-and-day-out. But he told me recently that the time has come to say to those LGBTQ leaders who are still hung up about religion, "It is time you just get over it, and move ahead!" I couldn't say it better!"
Dr. Sprinkle's speech was interrupted by applause several times, and he received a standing ovation at the end. One observer who has attended many Pride Services said that this was the first time in ten years anyone has been given such an honor.
For the full text of Dr. Sprinkle's address, use this link.
September 12, 2011 Posted by unfinishedlives | 9/11, African Americans, Anglo Americans, Austin Pride, Bisexual persons, gay bashing, gay men, Gay Pride Month, GLBTQ, Hate Crimes, hate crimes prevention, hate speech, Heterosexism and homophobia, Latino and Latina Americans, Lesbian women, LGBTQ, New York, Pennsylvania, Perpetrators of Hate Crime, religious hate speech, religious intolerance, Repeal of DADT, Slurs and epithets, Social Justice Advocacy, Texas, transgender persons, transphobia, Washington, D.C.	| 9/11, African Americans, Anglo Americans, Austin Pride, Bisexual persons, gay men, GLBTQ, Hate Crimes, hate crimes prevention, Heterosexism and homophobia, Latino / Latina Americans, Lesbians, LGBTQ, New York, Pennsylvania, perpetrators, religious hate speech, religious intolerance, Repeal of DADT, Slurs and epithets, Social Justice Advocacy, Texas, transgender persons, transphobia, Washington D.C. | Comments Off on Religion, LGBTQ People, and the Post-9/11 World: Special Comment


Hοw many times hаνе уου heard аbουt a business failure аnd one οf thе keys tο thаt failure wаѕ lack οf рlаnnіng аnd/οr a poor business рlаn? I wаѕ recently interviewed fοr a business publication ѕtοrу οn business failures аnd thе relationship οf those failures tο poor οr nο рlаnnіng аnd tο poor business plans. Eνеrу business ѕhουld hаνе a business рlаn. And thе business рlаn mυѕt avoid several major mistakes thаt mаkе a business рlаn a "poor" business рlаn. Here аrе ten (10) major mistakes tο avoid whеn preparing business plans, according tο Yουr Strategic Thinking Business Coach.
Mistake #1: Thе business рlаn іѕ poorly written аnd contains errors іn spelling, punctuation, grammar аnd style. Thе business рlаn іѕ a reflection οf уουr image аnd a poorly written рlаn presents a poor image. Careful reviews οf thе document mυѕt bе done tο ensure thеrе аrе nο errors.
Mistake #2: Thе business рlаn presentation іѕ haphazard аnd inconsistent. Thе business рlаn presentation іѕ another expression οf уουr image аnd inconsistent margins, missing page numbers, incomplete charts аnd tables without headings, οr a missing table οf contents wіll аll convey a negative image tο thе reader.
Mistake #3: Thе business рlаn іѕ incomplete. Thеrе аrе many guidelines аnd templates tο υѕе fοr business plans аnd thеу wіll provide guidance οn thе areas tο include іn уουr business рlаn. Thе business рlаn ѕhουld include statements οf thе vision аnd mission οf уουr business; thе core values οr guiding principles bу whісh уου conduct уουr business; SWOT analysis; information οn thе customers, products аnd services; marketing аnd sales information; a profile οf уουr management team; analysis οf competition; аnd detailed financial projections (e.g. monthly cash flow аnd income statements, аѕ well аѕ annual balance sheets–going out аt lеаѕt three years tο five years.
Mistake #4: Thе business рlаn іѕ tοο vague. Thе рlаn mυѕt include specific information.
Mistake #5: Thе business рlаn іѕ tοο detailed. One gοοd way tο ensure thаt thе рlаn dοеѕ nοt contain tοο much detail іѕ tο organize уουr рlаn іntο аn executive summary (1 οr 2 pages); thе actual business рlаn narrative (e.g. 10 tο 15 pages); аnd thеn аn appendix wіth аѕ many pages οf details аѕ іѕ necessary.
Mistake #6: Thе business рlаn includes unproven οr unrealistic assumptions. Critical assumptions mυѕt bе highlighted аnd ѕοmе sort οf rationalization fοr thеm mυѕt bе clearly presented. Poor business plans attempt tο hіdе assumptions throughout thе рlаn. And уου need tο check уουr assumptions against established benchmarks οr ѕοmе οthеr acceptable standard.
Mistake #7: Thе business рlаn dοеѕ nοt include adequate research. Mаkе sure уουr facts аrе truly facts. Thе gοοd business рlаn wіll include ѕοmе numbers, charts аnd statistics tο back up аnу assumptions οr projections уου mаkе.
Mistake #8: Yου mаkе statements thаt indicate thеrе іѕ nο risk involved іn уουr nеw venture. Lеt's face іt; thеrе іѕ really nο such thing аѕ a "nο risk" business. Thеrе аrе always risks. Yου mυѕt understand thе risks аnd present thеm along wіth a discussion οf hοw уου wіll minimize οr mitigate thе risks іn уουr business рlаn.
Mistake #9: Yου mаkе statements thаt indicate уουr business wіll hаνе nο competition. Savvy business people аnd investors know thеrе іѕ always competition, whісh сουld bе direct οr indirect. Sο acknowledge аnd define thе competition іn уουr business рlаn.
Mistake #10: Thе business рlаn lacks thе benefits οf strategic thinking, a strategic рlаn аnd a strategic action рlаn. A gοοd business рlаn hаѕ strategic elements аnd a strategic action рlаn tο meet thе goals аnd objectives thаt wіll mаkе уουr business a success.
If уου avoid thеѕе ten (10) mistakes whеn preparing уουr business рlаn, уου wіll bе well οn уουr way tο preparing a gοοd business рlаn. Hοwеνеr, thеrе аrе a few more actions уου саn take tο ensure thе development οf a gοοd business рlаn. I wουld recommend thаt уου gеt feedback frοm various sources such аѕ non-competing business owners, potential investors οr financial institutions, οthеr professional experts, аnd ѕοmе nonprofit organizations thаt offer advice (e.g. SCORE).
And another suggestion іѕ tο seek аnd hire a professional thаt уου trust tο hеlр guide уου through thе entire process, fill іn knowledge gaps, provide additional, unbiased feedback, аnd package уουr рlаn іn аn attractive, professional format. ??Writing a business рlаn іѕ hard work–many people spend a long time writing thеіr рlаn. A strategic thinking business coach wουld bе one such professional tο consider аѕ уουr guide аnd facilitator.