text:
Chappaquiddick incident
Car accident in 1969 on Chappaquiddick Island involving Sen. Ted Kennedy
This article is about the Ted Kennedy incident. For the island, see Chappaquiddick Island. For the film based on the incident, see Chappaquiddick (film).
July 18, 1969 (1969-07-18)
Chappaquiddick Island, Massachusetts
Ted Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident causing personal injury.[1][2][3]
Mary Jo Kopechne
The Chappaquiddick incident was a single-vehicle car accident that occurred on Chappaquiddick Island in Massachusetts on Friday, July 18, 1969.[4][5] The late-night accident was caused by Senator Ted Kennedy's negligence and resulted in the death of his 28-year-old passenger Mary Jo Kopechne, who was trapped inside the vehicle.[6][7][8][9]
According to Kennedy's testimony, he accidentally drove[10] his car off the one-lane bridge and into the tide-swept Poucha Pond. He swam free, left the scene, and did not report the accident to the police for ten hours; Kopechne died inside the fully submerged car.[11][12] The car with Kopechne's body inside was recovered by a diver the next day, minutes before Kennedy reported the accident to the police. Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident causing personal injury and later received a two-month suspended jail sentence.
The Chappaquiddick incident became national news that likely influenced Kennedy's decision not to campaign for President in 1972 and 1976,[7][8][9] and it was said to have undermined his chances of ever becoming President.[13]
2 Timeline of events
3 Recovery of Kopechne's body and Kennedy's statement
4 Court appearance
5 Kennedy's televised statement
6 Testimony and cause of death
7 Inquest
8 Subsequent investigations
9 Other interpretations of evidence
Chappaquiddick Island from over Edgartown
On the evening of July 18, 1969, U.S. Senator Ted Kennedy hosted a party at Sidney Lawrence's cottage, (41°22′27″N 70°28′15″W / 41.3742°N 70.4707°W / 41.3742; -70.4707) a secluded retreat on Chappaquiddick Island that is accessible by ferry from Edgartown on Martha's Vineyard.[14] The gathering was a reunion for six single women in their twenties; the group included Mary Jo Kopechne, Rosemary Keough, Esther Newberg, sisters Nance and Mary Ellen Lyons, and Susan Tannenbaum. They were known as the Boiler Room Girls and were the only women invited to the party;[15] they had served on Robert F. Kennedy's 1968 presidential campaign. Present at the party were six older men, including co-hosts Kennedy and his cousin Joseph Gargan,[Notes 1] as well as Paul F. Markham, Charles Tretter, and Raymond LaRosa. Markham was a school friend of Gargan who had previously served as the U.S. Attorney for Massachusetts.[17] Attorney Charles Tretter was a Kennedy advisor; Raymond La Rosa had known Kennedy for about 8 or 10 years and had diving experience. Kennedy's 63-year-old chauffeur John B. Crimmins[18] also attended the party.[7] All the men were married except Crimmins.[7]
During the inquest into Kopechne's death, Kennedy testified that he left the party at approximately 11:15 p.m.[19] When he announced that he was about to leave, he claimed that Mary Jo told him "that she was desirous of leaving" and asked him "if I would be kind enough to drop her back at her hotel." Kennedy then requested the keys to his car (which he did not usually drive) from his chauffeur Crimmins. Kennedy explained that Crimmins and some other guests "were concluding their meal, enjoying the fellowship and it didn't appear to be necessary to require him to bring me back to Edgartown."[20] Mary Jo told no one that she was leaving for the night with Kennedy, and in fact she left her purse and hotel key at the party.[21]
Timeline of events[edit]
Find sources: "Chappaquiddick incident" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (July 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Part-time Deputy Sheriff Christopher "Huck" Look was working that night as a special duty officer at the Edgartown Yacht Club Regatta dance held on Martha's Vineyard. He left the dance between 12:25 a.m. and 12:30 a.m., crossed over to Chappaquiddick Island in the yacht club's private boat (the public ferry stopped running at midnight), got into his car parked near the boat landing, and drove onto Chappaquiddick Road toward his home.
Look testified that he was approaching the 90-degree right-hand turn of Chappaquiddick Road at around 12:40 a.m. where it intersected with two unpaved roads. As he approached the turn he noticed the headlights of a car coming toward him in the opposite direction on Chappaquiddick Road. The other car reached the 90-degree turn in the road before Look got there; the car was a black four-door. It passed slowly in front of Look and his headlights shone directly into the passenger compartment. He could clearly see a man driving and a woman in the front seat. The time was about 12:40 a.m. The car then failed to follow the paved road and instead drove straight off the pavement and onto Cemetery Road, where it stopped. Look made a right turn continuing on Chappaquiddick Road and looked in his rear-view mirror, thinking that the occupants of the car might be lost. He then stopped, got out of his car, and walked towards the other vehicle in full deputy sheriff uniform. When he was 25 to 30 ft (7.6 to 9.1 m) away, the car reversed and started backing up towards him. Look called out to offer his help. The car then moved forward and veered quickly eastward onto Dike Road, the other unpaved road, speeding away and leaving a cloud of dust.[22] Look recalled that the car's license plate began with an L and contained two 7s, both details true of Kennedy's license plate on his black four-door Oldsmobile Delmont 88.[7] Look knew that the car was headed to a dead end at Dike Bridge and the sand dunes that lay beyond it, impassable in a two-wheel drive vehicle. However, he returned to his car and continued on his way south. He recounted the next morning to Edgartown Police that he believed that the car which he saw at 12:40 a.m. was in fact the same car that the police found in the water off Dike Bridge containing Kopechne's body.
Look also saw two women and a man doing a "conga line" dance down the middle of Chappaquiddick Road, a short distance from where he had spotted the car speeding away toward Dike bridge. They were later identified as Kennedy's party guests Nance Lyons, Mary Ellen Lyons, and Ray LaRosa. Look stopped to ask if they needed a lift, and one of the Lyons sisters said, "Shove off, buddy," after which LaRosa said apologetically, "Thank you, no. We're just going over there to our house" (pointing to the cottage rented by Kennedy). LaRosa and the Lyons sisters corroborated Look's testimony about meeting him in the road and the verbal exchange, but they were rather vague about the time. Look, however, was not; he knew that the time was 12:40 a.m. or a minute or so after he spotted the Oldsmobile. LaRosa did testify that he clearly remembered encountering another car passing him and the two women that night as they danced or walked in the road, and that car passed them moments before they encountered Look. The car came from the direction of the Kennedy party (the rented cottage), and it slowly passed LaRosa and the Lyons girls as it went by and appeared to be headed in the direction from which Look came. However, LaRosa would not positively identify the vehicle which passed him as Kennedy's Oldsmobile, nor could he describe the car in any detail.
The Dike Bridge in 2008, with a guardrail not present in 1969
At the inquest, Kennedy testified that he left the party with Kopechne at about 11:15 p.m. and immediately drove north on Chappaquiddick Road. As he drove to the ferry landing, he claimed that he made a wrong turn onto Dike Road. He also claimed that he never stopped on Cemetery Road, never backed up, never saw the deputy, and never saw another car or person after he left the cottage with Kopechne. He further claimed that after he turned onto Dike Road, he was driving at "approximately 20 miles an hour"[23] and did not realize that he was no longer headed west toward the ferry landing but instead heading east toward a barrier beach.
Dike Bridge (41°22′24″N 70°27′13″W / 41.3734°N 70.4536°W / 41.3734; -70.4536)[24] is a wooden structure that is angled obliquely to a dirt road. The bridge connects Tom's Neck Point[25] and Cape Poge to Chappaquiddick Island. At the time, the bridge was not fitted with a guardrail.[26] A fraction of a second before Kennedy reached the bridge, he applied his brakes and lost control of the car, which fell over the south edge of the bridge. The car plunged into tide-swept Poucha Pond[27][28][29] and came to rest underwater and upside down. Kennedy later stated that he was able to swim free of the vehicle, but Kopechne was not. At the inquest, Kennedy testified that he called her name several times from the shore and tried to swim down to reach her seven or eight times. He then rested on the bank for around 15 minutes before he returned on foot to Lawrence Cottage, the site of the party. He denied seeing any house with a light on during his walk back.[30]
"Dike House" along Dike Road
Kennedy's foot route back to Lawrence Cottage would have taken him past four houses from which he could have telephoned[31] to summon help before he reached the cottage. He did not, however, attempt to contact the local residents.[32] The first of the houses was "Dike House", 150 yards (140 m) from the bridge and occupied by Sylvia Malm and her family at the time. Malm stated later that she was home, she had a phone, and she had left a light on at the residence when she retired that evening.[33]
Kennedy testified that he returned to the rented cottage where the party was still in progress, but he did not alert all of the party guests of the accident. Instead, he collapsed in the back seat of a rented car parked in the driveway and quietly summoned Joe Gargan and Paul Markham. After a brief hushed conversation outside the cottage, the three men rushed to the site of the accident and Kennedy's overturned car in order to try to rescue Kopechne. Gargan and Markham both claimed that they tried multiple times to dive into the water to rescue her.[15] Kennedy testified that their efforts failed, and Gargan and Markham drove him to the ferry landing. Gargan, Markham, and Kennedy were all lawyers, and they discussed what they should do while standing next to a public phone booth at the landing. Gargan and Markham insisted multiple times that the accident had to be reported to the authorities.[34] Markham testified that Kennedy was sobbing and on the verge of becoming crazed.[35] Kennedy testified that he had "full intention of reporting it. And I mentioned to Gargan and Markham something like, 'You take care of the other girls; I will take care of the accident!'—that is what I said and I dove into the water."[34] Kennedy had told Gargan and Markham not to tell the other women anything about the incident "because I felt strongly that if these girls were notified that an accident had taken place and Mary Jo had, in fact, drowned, that it would only be a matter of seconds before all of those girls, who were long and dear friends of Mary Jo's, would go to the scene of the accident and enter the water with, I felt, a good chance that some serious mishap might have occurred to any one of them."[36]
Gargan and Markham later testified that they assumed that Kennedy was going to inform the authorities about the accident once he got back to Edgartown, and so they did not do the reporting themselves.[17] In an October 15, 1994, interview for Ronald Kessler's book The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty He Founded, Gargan said that he and Markham returned to the scene of the accident with Kennedy, they both urged Kennedy to report the accident to the police. "The conversation was brief about having to report", Gargan told Kessler, a former Washington Post reporter, for the book. "I was insistent on it. Paul Markham was backing me up on it. Ted said, 'Okay, okay, Joey, okay. I've got the point, I've got the point.' Then he took a few steps and dove into the water, leaving Markham and I expecting that he would carry out the conversation." But Kennedy did not report the matter to the police until later in the morning, Kessler's book notes.[37] Kennedy testified that he dived into the water near the ferry landing, then swam across the 500-foot (150 m) channel back to Edgartown and returned to his hotel room, where he removed his clothes and collapsed on his bed.[36] He later put on dry clothes, left his room, and asked someone what the time was; it was somewhere around 2:30 a.m. he recalled. Meanwhile, Gargan and Markham had already driven the rental car back to the cottage; they entered the cottage at approximately 2 a.m. but told no one what had happened. When questioned, they said that Kennedy had swum back to Edgartown and that Kopechne was probably at her hotel, then told everyone to get some sleep.
Kennedy testified that he was back at the hotel and "almost tossed and turned and walked around that room…. I had not given up hope all night long that, by some miracle, Mary Jo would have escaped from the car."[38] Kennedy complained to the hotel owner at 2:55 a.m. that he had been awakened by a noisy party.[17][39] By 7:30 a.m., he was talking "casually" to the winner of the previous day's sailing race and gave no indication that anything was amiss.[17] At 8 a.m., Gargan and Markham found him at his hotel where they had a "heated conversation" in Kennedy's room. According to Kennedy's testimony, the two men asked why he had not reported the accident, and he responded by telling them "about my own thoughts and feelings as I swam across that channel… that somehow when they arrived in the morning that they were going to say that Mary Jo was still alive."[38]
The three men subsequently crossed back to Chappaquiddick Island on the ferry, where Kennedy made a series of telephone calls from a pay telephone near the ferry crossing—the same pay phone that the three men had stood by approximately six hours earlier discussing Kennedy's options. Kennedy called friends and lawyers for advice, however, instead of notifying the authorities that he was the operator of the vehicle which was still upside down near Dike bridge. He called Helga Wagner,[40] John V. Tunney,[41] and others that morning, but he still did not report the accident to authorities.[17] Robert McNamara, Ted Sorensen, Richard N. Goodwin, Lem Billings, Milton Gwirtzman, David W. Burke, John Culver, John Tunney,[41] Stephen Edward Smith, Joseph F. Gargan,[42] Paul E. Markham, and others arrived to advise Kennedy.[43]
Recovery of Kopechne's body and Kennedy's statement[edit]
A short time after 8 a.m., a fisherman and his young son saw Kennedy's submerged car with Kopechne still inside, and they notified the residents of the cottage nearest the scene, who in turn called the authorities at about 8:20 a.m.[44] Edgartown Police Chief James Arena arrived at the scene about 10 or 15 minutes later.[45] He attempted to examine the interior of the submerged vehicle,[45][46] then summoned a commercial diver with equipment capable of towing or winching the vehicle out of the water.[47] John Farrar, captain of the Edgartown Fire Rescue unit, arrived at 8:45 a.m. equipped with scuba gear and discovered Kopechne's body; he extricated it from the vehicle within 10 minutes.[48][49] Police checked the car's license plate and saw that it was registered to Kennedy.[15] Meanwhile, Kennedy was still at the pay phone by the ferry crossing when he heard that his car and Kopechne's body had been discovered;[50] he then crossed back to Edgartown and went to the police station. Gargan simultaneously went to where the "Boiler Room Girls" were staying to inform them about the incident.[17]
Kennedy entered the police station in Edgartown at 10 a.m., made a couple more telephone calls, and then dictated a statement to his aide Paul Markham, which Markham hand wrote and gave to the police. The statement read:
On July 18, 1969, at approximately 11:15 p.m. in Chappaquiddick, Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, I was driving my car on Main Street on my way to get the ferry back to Edgartown. I was unfamiliar with the road and turned right onto Dike Road, instead of bearing hard left on Main Street. After proceeding for approximately one-half mile on Dike Road I descended a hill and came upon a narrow bridge. The car went off the side of the bridge. There was one passenger with me, one Miss Mary,[Notes 2] a former secretary of my brother Sen. Robert Kennedy. The car turned over and sank into the water and landed with the roof resting on the bottom. I attempted to open the door and the window of the car but have no recollection of how I got out of the car. I came to the surface and then repeatedly dove down to the car in an attempt to see if the passenger was still in the car. I was unsuccessful in the attempt. I was exhausted and in a state of shock. I recall walking back to where my friends were eating. There was a car parked in front of the cottage and I climbed into the backseat. I then asked for someone to bring me back to Edgartown. I remember walking around for a period and then going back to my hotel room. When I fully realized what had happened this morning, I immediately contacted the police.[51]
Court appearance[edit]
Map of Massachusetts with location of Chappaquiddick Island
On July 25, seven days after the incident, Kennedy pleaded guilty to a charge of leaving the scene of an accident causing bodily injury. His attorneys argued that any jail sentence should be suspended, and the prosecutors agreed by citing his age (37), character, and prior reputation.[52] Judge James Boyle sentenced him to two months' incarceration, the statutory minimum for the offense, which he suspended. He referred to Kennedy's "unblemished record" and said that he "has already been, and will continue to be punished far beyond anything this court can impose."[53]
Kennedy's televised statement[edit]
At 7:30 p.m. that evening, Kennedy made a lengthy prepared statement about the incident; his words were broadcast live by the television networks.[54][55] He said that:[56]
"Only reasons of health" had prevented his wife from accompanying him to the regatta.
There was "no truth whatever to the widely circulated suspicions of immoral conduct" regarding his behavior with Kopechne that evening.
He "was not driving under the influence of liquor."
His conduct during the hours immediately after the accident "made no sense to me at all."
His doctors had informed him that he had suffered cerebral concussion and shock, but he did not seek to use his medical condition to escape responsibility for his actions.
"I regard as indefensible the fact that I did not report the accident to the police immediately."
Instead of notifying the authorities immediately, he "requested the help of two friends, Joe Gargan and Paul Markham, and directed them to return immediately to the scene with me (it then being sometime after midnight) in order to undertake a new effort to dive down and locate Miss Kopechne."
"All kinds of scrambled thoughts" went through his mind after the accident, including "whether the girl might still be alive somewhere out of that immediate area", whether "some awful curse actually did hang over all the Kennedys", whether there was "some justifiable reason for me to doubt what had happened and to delay my report", and whether "somehow the awful weight of this incredible incident might in some way pass from my shoulders."
He was overcome "by a jumble of emotions—grief, fear, doubt, exhaustion, panic, confusion, and shock."
He had instructed Gargan and Markham "not to alarm Mary Jo's friends that night," then returned to the ferry with the two men and "suddenly jumped into the water and impulsively swam across, nearly drowning once again in the effort, returning to my hotel around 2 a.m. and collapsed in my room."
Kennedy then asked the people of Massachusetts to decide whether he should resign:
If at any time, the citizens of Massachusetts should lack confidence in their Senator's character or his ability, with or without justification, he could not in my opinion adequately perform his duties, and should not continue in office. The opportunity to work with you and serve Massachusetts has made my life worthwhile. So I ask you tonight, the people of Massachusetts, to think this through with me. In facing this decision, I seek your advice and opinion. In making it I seek your prayers. For this is a decision that I will have finally to make on my own.[19]
He concluded by quoting a passage from his brother John's book Profiles in Courage.[57]
Testimony and cause of death[edit]
Map of Cape Cod with Chappaquiddick
John Farrar[58] was the captain of the Edgartown Fire Rescue unit and the diver who recovered Kopechne's body. He alleged that Kopechne died from suffocation rather than from drowning or from the impact of the overturned vehicle. This hypothesis was based upon the posture in which he found the body and the body's position relative to an air pocket in the overturned vehicle. Farrar also asserted that Kopechne would have probably survived if a more timely rescue attempt had been conducted.[59][60][61] Farrar located Kopechne's body in the well of the back seat of the car. Rigor mortis was apparent, her hands were clasping the back seat, and her face was turned upward.[62] He testified at the inquest:
It looked as if she were holding herself up to get a last breath of air. It was a consciously assumed position…. She didn't drown. She died of suffocation in her own air void. It took her at least three or four hours to die. I could have had her out of that car twenty-five minutes after I got the call. But he didn't call.
—  diver John Farrar, Inquest into the Death of Mary Jo Kopechne, Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Edgartown District Court. New York: EVR Productions, 1970.
Later at the inquest, Farrar testified that Kopechne's body was pressed up in the car in the spot where an air bubble would have formed. He interpreted that to mean that she had survived in the air bubble after the car submerged, and he concluded that:
Had I received a call within five to ten minutes of the accident occurring, and was able, as I was the following morning, to be at the victim's side within twenty-five minutes of receiving the call, in such event there is a strong possibility that she would have been alive on removal from the submerged car.[32]
Farrar believed that Kopechne "lived for at least two hours down there."[63]
Medical examiner Dr. Donald Mills was satisfied that the cause of death was accidental drowning. He signed a death certificate to that effect and released Kopechne's body to her family without ordering an autopsy; the funeral was on Tuesday, July 22, in Plymouth, Pennsylvania.[64][65][66] On September 18, District Attorney Edmund Dinis attempted to secure an exhumation of Kopechne's body to perform a belated autopsy,[67] citing blood found on her long-sleeved blouse and in her mouth and nose "which may or may not be consistent with death by drowning."[68] The discovery of the blood was made when her clothes were given to authorities by the funeral director.[69]
Judge Bernard Brominski of the Court of Common Pleas in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania, had a hearing on the request on October 20–21.[67] The request was opposed by Kopechne's parents.[67] Forensic pathologist Werner Spitz testified on behalf of Joseph and Gwen Kopechne that the autopsy was unnecessary and the available evidence was sufficient to conclude that Kopechne died from drowning.[70][71] Judge Brominski ruled against the exhumation on December 10, saying that there was "no evidence" that "anything other than drowning had caused the death of Mary Jo Kopechne."[72]
Inquest[edit]
The inquest[73][43] convened in Edgartown in January 1970. At the request of Kennedy's lawyers, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ordered it to be performed secretly[74][75] with Judge James A. Boyle presiding, and the 763-page transcript was released four months later.[75] The following conclusions were released in his inquest report:[76]
The accident occurred "between 11:30 p.m. on July 18 and 1:00 a.m. on July 19."
"Kopechne and Kennedy did not intend to drive to the ferry slip and his turn onto Dike Road had been intentional."
"A speed of twenty miles per hour as Kennedy testified to operating the car as large as his Oldsmobile would be at least negligent and possibly reckless."
"For some reason not apparent from his testimony, he failed to exercise due care as he approached the bridge."
"There is probable cause to believe that Edward M. Kennedy operated his motor vehicle negligently… and that such operation appears to have contributed to the death of Mary Jo Kopechne."
Under Massachusetts law, Boyle found "probable cause" that Kennedy had committed a crime and could have issued a warrant for his arrest, but he did not do so.[77] Despite Boyle's conclusions, Dinis chose not to prosecute Kennedy for manslaughter. The Kopechne family did not bring any legal action against him but did receive a payment of $90,904 from him personally and $50,000 from his insurance company.[8][78] The Kopechnes later explained their decision not to take legal action by saying, "We figured that people would think we were looking for blood money."[78]
Subsequent investigations[edit]
On April 6, 1970, a Dukes County grand jury assembled in special session to investigate Kopechne's death. Judge Wilfred Paquet instructed the members of the grand jury that they could consider only matters brought to their attention by the superior court, the district attorney, or their personal knowledge.[79] He cited the orders of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court and told the grand jury that it could not see the evidence or Boyle's report from the inquest, which were still impounded.[79] Dinis had attended the inquest and seen Boyle's report, and he told the grand jury that there was not enough evidence to indict Kennedy on potential charges of manslaughter, perjury, or driving to endanger.[79] The grand jury called four witnesses who had not testified at the inquest; they testified for a total of 20 minutes, but no indictments were issued.[79]
On July 23, 1969, the registrar of the Massachusetts Registry of Motor Vehicles informed Kennedy that his license would be suspended until there was a statutory hearing concerning the accident.[80] The suspension was required by Massachusetts law for any fatal motor vehicle accident if there were no witnesses. The in camera hearing was held May 18, 1970, and found that "operation was too fast for existing conditions." On May 27, the registrar informed Kennedy in a letter that "I am unable to find that the fatal accident in which a motor vehicle operated by you was involved, was without serious fault on your part" and so his driver's license was suspended for a further six months.[81]
Kennedy's wife Joan was pregnant at the time of the incident. She was confined to bed because of two previous miscarriages, but she attended Kopechne's funeral and stood beside Ted in court three days later.[82] Soon after, she suffered a third miscarriage,[83] which she blamed on the Chappaquiddick incident.[84]
Other interpretations of evidence[edit]
A BBC Inside Story episode titled "Chappaquiddick" was broadcast on the 25th anniversary of Kopechne's death. It advanced a theory that Kennedy and Kopechne had left the party in Kennedy's car, but Kennedy saw an off-duty policeman in his patrol car and he got out of the car, fearing the political consequences of being discovered by the police late at night with an attractive woman. According to the theory, Kennedy then returned to the party. As Kopechne was unfamiliar with both the large car and the local area, she drove the wrong way and careened off the bridge. The episode argued that the explanation would account for Kennedy's lack of concern the next morning, as he was unaware of the accident, and for the forensic evidence of the injuries to Kopechne being inconsistent with her sitting in the passenger seat.[85]
Jack Olsen had advanced a similar theory in his book The Bridge at Chappaquiddick, published early in 1970 and the first full-length examination of the case. Kopechne was 5 ft 2 in (1.57 m), a foot shorter than Kennedy, and Olsen argued that she might possibly not have seen the bridge, as she drove Kennedy's car over unfamiliar roads at night, with no external lighting and after she had consumed several alcoholic drinks. He wrote that Kopechne normally drove a smaller Volkswagen model car, which was much lighter and easier to handle than Kennedy's larger Oldsmobile.[47]
A recent book presents a theory that Kopechne was seriously injured in an earlier crash, and then the bridge accident was faked.[86]
National Lampoon fake VW Beetle ad mocking the incident
The case evoked much satire of Kennedy. For example, Time magazine reported immediately after the incident that "one sick joke already visualizes a Democrat asking about Nixon during the 1972 presidential campaign: 'Would you let this man sell you a used car?' Answer: 'Yes, but I sure wouldn't let that Teddy drive it.'"[87] A mock advertisement in National Lampoon magazine showed a floating Volkswagen Beetle, itself a parody of a Volkswagen advertisement showing that the vehicle's underside was so well sealed that it would float on water, but with the caption "If Ted Kennedy drove a Volkswagen, he'd be President today." The satire resulted in legal action by Volkswagen, claiming unauthorized use of its trademark.[88][89]
Following his televised speech on July 25 regarding the incident,[55] supporters responded with telephone calls and telegrams to newspapers and to the Kennedy family.[54] They were heavily in favor of his remaining in office, and he was re-elected in 1970 with 62% of the vote, a margin of nearly a half million votes. Nonetheless, the incident severely damaged his national reputation and reputation for judgment; one analyst asked, "Can we really trust him if the Russians come over the ice cap? Can he make the kind of split-second decisions the astronauts had to make in their landing on the moon?" Before Chappaquiddick, public polls showed that a large majority expected Kennedy to run for the presidency in 1972, but he pledged not to run in 1972. Further, Kennedy declined to serve as George McGovern's running mate that year. In 1974, he pledged to not run in 1976,[90][91] in part because of the renewed media interest in Chappaquiddick.[87][21]
The incident robbed Chappaquiddick of its traditional peace and privacy, attracting large tourist groups wanting to view the sites connected with the tragedy, as lamented by a 4th-generation resident, Bill Pinney, author of Chappaquiddick Speaks (2017).[92]
In late 1979, Kennedy finally announced his candidacy for the presidency when he challenged President Jimmy Carter for the Democratic nomination for the 1980 election. On November 4, 1979, CBS broadcast a one-hour television special presented by Roger Mudd titled Teddy. The program consisted of an interview with Kennedy interspersed with visual materials. Much of the show was devoted to the Chappaquiddick incident. During the interview, Mudd questioned Kennedy repeatedly about the incident and at one point directly accused him of lying.[93] Kennedy also gave what one author described as an "incoherent and repetitive" answer to the question, "Why do you want to be President?"[94] The program inflicted serious political damage on Kennedy.[94][95][96][97][98][99] Carter alluded to the Chappaquiddick incident twice in five days, once declaring that he had not "panicked in the crisis."[100] Kennedy lost the Democratic nomination to Carter, who, in turn, lost the general election to Ronald Reagan by a landslide. Kennedy remained a senator until his death in 2009. After the incident, he won seven re-elections to the US Senate.
After Kennedy's death, New York Times Magazine editor Ed Klein stated that Kennedy asked people, "Have you heard any new jokes about Chappaquiddick?" "It's not that he didn't feel remorse about the death of Mary Jo Kopechne," Klein argued, "But that he still always saw the other side of everything and the ridiculous side of things, too."[101] The Dike Bridge became an unwanted tourist attraction[102][103][104][105][106] and the object of souvenir hunters.[107] Nance Lyons stated in a 2008 interview that the women present at Chappaquiddick had suffered both professionally and personally.[108]
The incident is fictionalized in the 1992 novella Black Water by Joyce Carol Oates.
It is the central subject of John Curran's 2017 film Chappaquiddick.
^ Gargan's mother was the sister of Kennedy's mother. Gargan's mother died when he was six, and he was raised after that by Ted's parents Joseph P. and Rose Kennedy.[16]
^ The statement left Kopechne's surname blank because Kennedy was unsure of its spelling; see Damore, p. 22.
^ "Chappaquiddick's Echoes". newyorker.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ Wills, Garry (April 29, 1976). "The Real Reason Chappaquiddick Disqualifies Kennedy". Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via www.nybooks.com.
^ Kelly, Michael (April 15, 2016). "Ted Kennedy on the Rocks". gq.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ "Ted escapes car plunge; woman dies". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. July 19, 1969. p. 1A.
^ "Kennedy involved in fatality". Reading Eagle. Pennsylvania. UPI. July 20, 1969. p. 1.
^ "Charge to Be Filed Against Kennedy". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. July 20, 1969. p. 1A.
^ a b c d e Putzel, Michael; Pyle, Richard (February 22, 1976). "Chappaquiddick (part 1)". Lakeland Ledger. (Florida). Associated Press. p. 1B.
^ a b c Putzel, Michael; Pyle, Richard (February 29, 1976). "Chappaquiddick (part 2)". Lakeland Ledger. (Florida). Associated Press. p. 1B.
^ a b Jacoby, Jeff (July 24, 1994). "Unlike Kopechne, the questions have never died". The Day. (New London, Connecticut). (Boston Globe). p. C9.
^ "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ "Police file complaint against Kennedy". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. July 20, 1969. p. 6A.
^ "Complaint is filed against Kennedy". The Day. (New London, Connecticut). Associated Press. July 21, 1969. p. 11.
^ NY Daily News: Kennedy's Legacy: Chappaquiddick was the end of one Ted Kennedy and the beginning of another
^ Kessler, p. 418.
^ a b c Bly, pp. 202–206.
^ "Interview with Ann Gargan". Edward M. Kennedy Institute. Retrieved April 2, 2018.
^ a b c d e f Wills, pp. 117–120.
^ "John B. Crimmins, Long an Associate Of Edward Kennedy". NYTimes.com. May 31, 1977. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ a b "1969 Year in Review: Chappaquiddick". UPI Radio. 1969.
^ Boyle, pp. 26–27, reported at Damore, p. 357.
^ a b Russell, Jenna (February 17, 2009). "Chapter 3: Chappaquiddick: Conflicted Ambitions, then, Chappaquiddick". The Boston Globe. Retrieved February 24, 2009.
^ Exhumation hearing, p. 59, reported at Damore, p. 103.
^ Boyle, p. 35, reported at Damore, p. 358.
^ "Ted Kennedy's Chappaquiddick Incident: What Really Happened". history.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ Banks, Charles Edward (May 31, 2018). "The History of Martha's Vineyard, Dukes County, Massachusetts: Town annals". G.H. Dean. Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via Google Books.
^ "Chappaquiddick Island Stock Photos and Pictures - Getty Images". www.gettyimages.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ "Notes from the Tackle Room: Poucha Pond". mvmagazine.com. December 1, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ "Tow Truck Pulling Kennedy Car from Pond". gettyimages.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ "Cape Pogue and Poucha Pond". vineyardgazette.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ Boyle, p. 56–60, reported at Damore, p. 360.
^ 1969 was long before the advent of cellphones
^ a b Anderson & Gibson, p 138–140.
^ Anderson, Jack (September 1, 1969). "Diver Hints Kopechne Might Have Been Saved". St. Petersburg Times. p. 19A.
^ a b Boyle, p. 63, reported at Damore, p. 362.
^ Boyle, p. 322, reported at Damore, p. 375.
^ Kessler, Ronald, The Sins of the Father: Joseph P. Kennedy and the Dynasty He Founded, Warner Books, 1996, page 419.
^ Cheshire, Maxine (March 13, 1980). "The Mysterious Helga Wagner". Retrieved May 31, 2018 – via www.washingtonpost.com.
^ a b "John Tunney Oral History (2007), Senator, California - Miller Center". millercenter.org. October 27, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ "Chappaquiddick: The Unanswered Questions About Ted Kennedy's Fatal Crash - Reader's Digest". rd.com. April 6, 2018. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ a b "The End of Camelot". vanityfair.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
^ Damore, p. 1.
^ a b Cutler, p. 10, 42.
^ Lange & DeWitt, p. 40–41.
^ a b Olsen.[page needed]
^ Cutler, p. 10.
^ Anderson, Jack (September 25, 1969). "Chappaquiddick story". Nashua Telegraph. New Hampshire. (Bell-McClure). p. 4.
^ A photographic reproduction of the original script was Exhibit number 2 at the inquest and is available at Damore, p. 448.
^ Damore, pp. 192–93.
^ Damore, p. 193.
^ a b "Kennedy may quit, nation told on TV". The Day. (New London, Connecticut). Associated Press. July 26, 1969. p. 1.
^ a b "Kennedy puts political future on line". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. July 26, 1969. p. 1A.
^ The entire speech was inquest exhibit #3 and can be found at Damore, p. 203–206.
^ Damore, pp. 206, 208.
^ John Farrar interview on the Howie Carr Show
^ Lofton, John D., Jr. (June 17, 1975). "Kopechnes begin to have doubts about Chappaquiddick affair". Beaver County Times. Pennsylvania. (United Feature Syndicate). p. A7.
^ Tiede, Tom (January 28, 1980). "Chappaquiddick diver slams Teddy". Southeast Missourian. Cape Girardeau. (NEA). p. 4.
^ Kappel.[page needed]
^ Klein, p. 93.
^ Kunen, James S.; Mathison, Dirk; Brown, S. Avery & Nugent, Tom (July 24, 1989). "Frustrated Grand Jurors Say It Was No Accident Ted Kennedy Got Off Easy". People. 32 (4). [page needed]
^ Damore, p. 49.
^ "Ted Kennedy joins hundreds at rites for accident victim". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). Associated Press. July 22, 1969. p. 1A.
^ "Kennedy family flies to Pennsylvania for funeral of woman accident victim". The Bulletin. (Bend, Oregon). UPI. July 22, 1969. p. 1.
^ a b c Damore, p. vi.
^ "Dinis Says Blood On Mary Jo's Body". Boston Herald Traveler. September 16, 1969.
^ Tedrow, Richard L., and Thomas L. (1980). Death at Chappaquiddick. Pelican Publishing. pp. 98–99. ISBN 1455603406.
^ "Examiner testifies against kopechne autopsy". Daily Kent Stater. October 22, 1969.
^ Chappaquiddick Inquest - Boston.com
^ Trotta, p. 184.
^ a b Bly, p. 213.
^ Dinis, p. 391–392.
^ Dinis, p. 392.
^ a b c d "End of the Affair". Time. April 20, 1970. Retrieved August 3, 2008.
^ Press release of Registrar McLaughlin, July 23, 1969, reported at Damore, p. 165.
^ Facsimiles of the hearing report and the letter are at Damore, p. 449–50.
^ Taraborrelli, p. 395–96, 399.
^ Taraborrelli, p. 192.
^ James, Susan Donaldson (August 26, 2009). "Chappaquiddick: No Profile in Kennedy Courage". ABC News. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
^ Barnard, Peter (July 22, 1994). "One Giant Leap Backwards". The Times. London. [page needed]
^ Pinney, Bill. "Chappaquiddick Speaks", [1]
^ a b "The Mysteries of Chappaquiddick". Time. August 1, 1969. Archived from the original on August 31, 2009.
^ Lofton, John D., Jr. (November 19, 1973). "Suit settled on Kennedy spoof". Victoria Advocate. Texas. (Los Angeles Times / Washington Post News Service). p. 4A.
^ "Lampoon's Surrender". Time. November 12, 1973. Retrieved September 10, 2006.
^ Gaines, Richard (September 23, 1974). "Kennedy 'won't run,' says decision final". Eugene Register-Guard. (Oregon). UPI. p. 1A.
^ "Kennedy rejects race". Spokane Daily Chronicle. (Washington). Associated Press. September 23, 1974. p. 1.
^ Chappaquiddick Speaks (Stormy Weather Press, 2017), ISBN 13:978-0-692-94376-2. Parameter error in {{ISBN}}: Invalid ISBN.. P.vii-viii.
^ Barry, p. 182.
^ a b Allis, Sam (February 18, 2009). "Chapter 4: Sailing into the Wind: Losing a Quest for the Top, Finding a new Freedom". The Boston Globe. Retrieved March 10, 2009.
^ Boller, p. 355.
^ Baughman, p. 169.
^ Jamieson, p. 379–81.
^ Buchanan, Pat (July 23, 1979). "Why Chappaquiddick haunts Kennedy". Ocala Star-Banner. Florida. p. 4A.
^ "Nation: Once Again, Chappaquiddick". Time. October 8, 1979. Retrieved August 26, 2009.
^ Rehm, Diane (August 26, 2009). "Reflections on Sen. Kennedy". The Diane Rehm Show. Washington, DC: WAMU-FM. Event occurs at 29:45. Archived from the original on September 30, 2011. Retrieved August 28, 2009.
^ "The bridge on Chappaquiddick". Nashua Telegraph. New Hampshire. (AP photo). July 12, 1974. p. 13.
^ "Decision near on bridge at Chappaquiddick". Pittsburgh Press. UPI. June 21, 1981. p. A-4.
^ "Some say Chappaquiddick bridge is nuisance". The Day. New London, Connecticut. Associated Press. August 29, 1983. p. 5.
^ Trott, Robert W. (July 17, 1989). "Bitter memories and a rotting bridge". Spokesman-Review. Spokane, Washington. Associated Press. p. A5.
^ "Chappaquiddick: bridge abandoned but story lives". The Hour. Norwalk, Connecticut. Associated Press. July 18, 1994. p. 24.
^ "A bridge to the past". Milwaukee Journal. wire services. July 18, 1994. p. A3.
^ "Interview with Nance Lyons". www.emkinstitute.org. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
Anderson, Jack & Gibson, Daryl (1999). Peace, War, and Politics: An Eyewitness Account. New York: Forge. ISBN 0-312-87497-9.
Barry, Ann Marie. Visual Intelligence: Perception, Image, and Manipulation in Visual Communication. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-3435-4.
Baughman, James L. The Republic of Mass Culture: Journalism, Filmmaking, and Broadcasting in America since 1941. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-8315-6.
Bly, Nellie (1996). The Kennedy Men: Three Generations of Sex, Scandal, and Secrets. New York: Kensington Books. ISBN 1-57566-106-3.
Boller, Paul F. (2004). Presidential Campaigns: From George Washington to George W. Bush. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-516716-3.
Boyle, James A. (1970). Inquest into the death of Mary Jo Kopechne. Edgartown, MA: Edgartown District Court. OCLC 180774589.
Cutler, R. B. (1980). You, the Jury ... In Re: Chappaquiddick. Danvers, MA: Bett's & Mirror Press. OCLC 5790437.
Damore, Leo (1989). Senatorial Privilege: The Chappaquiddick Cover-up. New York: Dell Publishing. ISBN 0-440-20416-X.
Jamieson, Kathleen Hall (1996). Packaging The Presidency: A History and Criticism of Presidential Campaign Advertising (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-508942-1.
Kappel, Kenneth R. (1989). Chappaquiddick Revealed: What Really Happened. New York: Shapolsky Publishers. ISBN 9780944007648.
Kessler, Ronald (1996). The Sins of the Father: Joseph p. Kennedy and the Dynasty He Founded. Hachette Book Group USA (Warner Books). ISBN 0-446-60384-8.
Klein, Edward (2009). Ted Kennedy: The Dream That Never Died. New York: Crown Publishers. ISBN 978-0-307-45103-3.
Lange, James E. T. & DeWitt, K. Jr. (1992). Chappaquiddick: The Real Story. St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-08749-7.
Olsen, Jack (1970). The Bridge at Chappaquiddick. Boston: Little, Brown. OCLC 55947.
Taraborrelli, J. Randy (2000). Jackie, Ethel, Joan: Women of Camelot. Warner Books. ISBN 0-446-52426-3.
Tedrow, Thomas L. & Tedrow, Richard L. (1980). Death at Chappquiddick. Pelican Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 0-88289-249-5.
Trotta, Liz (1994). Fighting for Air: In the Trenches With Television News. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press. ISBN 0-8262-0952-1.
Wills, Gary (2002). The Kennedy Imprisonment: A Meditation on Power (1st Mariner Books ed.). Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 0-618-13443-3.
Burns, James M. (1976). Edward Kennedy and the Camelot Legacy. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 0-393-07501-X.
Caruana, Stephanie (2006). The Gemstone File: A Memoir. Victoria, BC: Trafford. ISBN 1-4120-6137-7.
Hastings, H. Don (1969). The Ted Kennedy Episode. Dallas: Reliable Press. OCLC 16841243.
Jones, Richard E. (1979). The Chappaquiddick Inquest: The Complete Transcript of the Inquest into the Death of Mary Jo Kopechne. Pittsford, NY: Lynn Publications. OCLC 11807998.
Knight, Peter, ed. (2003). Conspiracy Theories in American History: An Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC Clio. ISBN 1-57607-812-4.
Oates, Joyce C. (1992). Black Water. New York: E. P. Dutton. ISBN 0-525-93455-3. (fictional treatment).
Reybold, Malcolm (1975). The Inspector's Opinion: The Chappaquiddick Incident. New York: Saturday Review Press. ISBN 9780841503991.
Rust, Zad (1971). Teddy Bare: The Last of the Kennedy Clan. Boston: Western Islands. OCLC 147764. This book follows the circumstances of the Chappaquiddick tragedy, from its mysterious beginning to its squalid conclusion ... before a terrorized grand jury ..." – Prologue to the book, p. vii
Sherrill, Robert (1976). The Last Kennedy. New York: Dial Press. ISBN 9780803744196.
Spitz, Daniel J. (2006). "Investigation of Bodies in Water". In Spitz, Werner U.; Spitz, Daniel J. & Fisher, Russell S. (eds.). Spitz and Fisher's Medicolegal Investigation of Death. Guideline for the Application of Pathology to Crime Investigations (4th ed.). Springfield, IL: Charles C. Thomas. pp. 846–881. ISBN 9780398075446.
Tedrow, Thomas L. (1979). Death at Chappaquiddick. New Orleans: Pelican. ISBN 0-88289-249-5.
Willis, Larryann C. (1980). Chappaquiddick Decision. Portland, OR: Better Books Publisher. OCLC 6666517.
1960s portal
FBI Chappaquiddick investigation files
Chappaquiddick Inquest - Boston.com
Edward M. Kennedy's Address to the People of Massachusetts on Chappaquiddick, broadcast nationally, from Joseph P. Kennedy's home, on 25 July 1969
Photos of 1969 Chappaquiddick incident - New Haven Register
Collection of newspaper articles covering the incident
Coordinates: 41°22′24.0″N 70°27′13.3″W / 41.373333°N 70.453694°W / 41.373333; -70.453694
February 22, 1932 – August 25, 2009
United States Senator from Massachusetts, 1962–2009
United States Senate special election in Massachusetts, 1962
United States Senate election in Massachusetts, 1964
1980 United States presidential election (Democratic Party presidential primaries, 1980)
My Senator and Me: A Dog's-Eye View of Washington, D.C. (2006)
True Compass (2009)
The Dream Shall Never Die
Joan Bennett Kennedy (first wife)
Victoria Reggie Kennedy (second wife, widow)
Kara Kennedy (daughter)
Edward M. Kennedy Jr. (son)
Patrick J. Kennedy II (son)
Rose Kennedy (mother)
John F. Kennedy (brother
presidency)
Kathleen Kennedy (sister)
Patrick J. Kennedy I (grandfather)
Political positions
Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate
Edward M. Kennedy Serve America Act
Friends of Ireland
Chappaquiddick (2018 film)
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chappaquiddick_incident&oldid=906563604"
1969 crimes in the United States
1969 in American politics
1969 road incidents
Congressional scandals
Edgartown, Massachusetts
Political scandals in Massachusetts
Road incidents in the United States
1969 in Massachusetts
Deaths by drowning
Wikipedia articles needing page number citations from July 2013
Pages with ISBN errors
Use mdy dates from July 2017
Articles needing additional references from July 2018


(1) Londoners who each work 7.9 gratis hours extra per week - equal to Ôö¼├║7,008 per worker over the course of a year - pull up the overall average.(2) Because the piece will not be available on the web until sometime later, we offer gratis this brief summary of the most important points.(3) People will put up with hotels charging $2 for a local phone call, but a place that didn't offer vast quantities of ice gratis would soon find itself out of business.(4) So I figured I'd give you yesterday's and today's, free and gratis , to catch you up to speed.(5) While running all over town, if not all over a state, to teach courses, they can hardly be expected to also design curricula gratis .(6) In keeping with the dictates of the No Free Lunch theorems, no items on the menu are gratis , though all seem actually quite affordable.(7) In general, entomologists are all too willing and eager to dispense their knowledge and practice their skills gratis .(8) In Rome, state-salaried masters in each of the city districts or rioni taught poor students gratis and were allowed to charge a fee to whoever could pay.(9) I'd offer to send you my copy gratis but there are still some relevant sections that I have yet to plunder and research.(10) On the surface, it seems plausible enough - a free video messaging phone with all the usual gratis bits and bobs.(11) The show is gratis , but call ahead to reserve tickets.(12) So, what if we tell you that there's something gratis coming up?(13) While capital has often been able to afford to hire its historians and sometimes pay them well, organised labour has more often looked to sympathetic journalists, academics, or activists to do the job gratis or for token reward.(14) By order of the governor, no less, baseball fans are riding home gratis from Yankee Stadium on the D train and the No.4 train and from Shea Stadium on the No.7 train this week.(15) A gift given gratis is cherished all the more because the gifted does not have to spend money on it.(16) In fact, just yesterday I received this magazine in the mail - gratis .
Meaning and definitions of gratis, translation in Uzbek language for gratis with similar and opposite words. Also find spoken pronunciation of gratis in Uzbek and in English language.
Tags for the entry "gratis"
What gratis means in Uzbek, gratis meaning in Uzbek, gratis definition, examples and pronunciation of gratis in Uzbek language.


Working with People Can Fly – Poland and Surface Digital in the UK, we were tasked with developing concept UI design and in-game particle FX creation and optimisation for the next chapter in the Gears of War series. James was briefed on the existing concept artwork and the developing chapters in order to come up with some main menu concept ideas around the 'Crimson Omen' – the infamous cog and skull logo. As the games events are based around the destruction caused by 'emergence day' of the locust horde, various styles of animation involving breaking and shattering shard pieces, crumbling buildings were explored, using particle FX tools in 3ds Max. These concepts were used to try and work out a feel for the menu system presentation and develop a style that runs throughout the game.
As a primary development task, James was also recruited to create and optimise the in-game particle FX, using the Unreal Engine UDK. Particle FX are essential to provide any game with the finishing touches of ambient and special FX such as fire, rain, explosions, dust, floating leaves and sparks in order to bring the world to life. This task involved playing through each level and creating new systems and improving and tweaking existing particle systems until perfect using Cascade, Unreal Engine's particle FX system. The VFX was then hooked up to the code in the Unreal Editor using Kismet. Following this was a period of optimisation, dedicated to improving performance, frame rates and removing bugs so that each level looked and played exactly as the team intended, striking the balance between aesthetics and speed.
Using 3ds Max and the particle FX and rigid-body dynamics tool Rayfire, James designed and animated several animated background concepts to test out styles and ideas for the main menu. These involved a slow shatter reveal of the infamous 'crimson omen' Gears Of War logo and also a stylistic city crumbling. The animations served as very early rough concepts, turned around very quickly in order to get a feel for how and if they might work if implemented.
Working closely with the VFX artists at People Can Fly in Poland, James was called in to help with the in-game VFX and animation requirements as production ramped up before the release date. Perforce allowed us to sync up to the latest build of Judgment and start helping to develop particle FX assets and libraries – and to implement and optimising VFX assets. Using regular meetings and Skype, we were able to work remotely with the team in Poland extremely effectively.
Using the Unreal Engine UDK cascade system to develop the particle FX, James helped to develop fire, rain, dust, smoke, falling leaves, flies, sparks, lens effects and many more FX systems. Many elements needed to be added, refined, improved and tested in order to add the all-important graphical polish required. The particle FX were then hooked up to the code using Kismet and levels test-played through to make sure that all elements on the checklist had been met. Towards the end of development, numerous particle FX had to be checked and refined during a set of optimisation passes. This involved playing through the level and addressing issues of framerate or glitches that might have been flagged up by the testers and other FX artists.


Bdefined, personal fitness & wellness defined, is a premier training studio located in the center of New Town Center.
Bdefined is a private facility that offers a customized, holistic and time-efficient approach to personal training.
Our mission is to encourage you to make an investment in your health by developing an active, healthy lifestyle. We are dedicated to providing high customer satisfaction by rendering excellent service, results-oriented training, experienced and professional staff, and an atmosphere that is friendly, fun and inviting.
Private, Semi-Private and Small Group Personal Training available by appointment.
From strength training and body sculpting to functional training and core conditioning, you'll move better, feel stronger, and look more chiseled. Intense and focused, this class brings the fun factor as well as the burn. See results in weight management, cardiovasuclar health and lean muscle developlment.
Great music, great energy, great results!
Sign up at our front desk or call the studio at 345-6801 to reserve your spot. 12 Classes for $156.
Now offering BOXING classes , Saturdays 9-10 AM.
NUTRITION CONSULTATIONS and dietary makeovers available by appointment.


text:
Major Professional Backgrounds
In Charge of Education
TAKASHI UMEHARA
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Assistant Professor
pd7221 hiroshima-u.co.jp
2018/04/01, 2019/03/31, Hiroshima University, Special Postdoctral Researcher
2019/04/01, Hiroshima university, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Assistant professor
2015/04/01, 2018/03/31, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Research Fellowships for Young Scientists, DC1
2019/09/02, 2020/09/11, Robinson Research Institute; The University of Adelaide, Robinson Research Institute, Visiting research fellow
Hiroshima University, 2009/04/01, 2013/03/23
[Bachelor Degree Program] School of Applied Biological Science : Department of Applied Biological Science : Applied Animal and Plant Science Program
[Master's Program] Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life : Division of Integrated Sciences for Life : Program of Bioresource Science
[Doctoral Program] Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life : Division of Integrated Sciences for Life : Program of Bioresource Science
Applied Animal and Plant Science Program
Agricultural sciences;Animal life science;Animal production science
Animal reproduction, Reproductive biology, Reproductive technology
Japan Society of Reproductive Endocrinology
Japan Society for Ova Research
Japan Society of Fertilization and Implantation
Japan Society for Reproductive Medicine
2022, Undergraduate Education, Intensive, Laboratory Work in General Biology II
2022, Undergraduate Education, 1Term, Reproductive Biology
2022, Undergraduate Education, Intensive, Laboratory and Field Works in Animal Production I
2022, Undergraduate Education, Intensive, (AIMS) Animal Science and Technology
2022, Undergraduate Education, 3Term, Animal Science and Technology
2022, Graduate Education (Master's Program) , 2Term, Animal Production Science I
2022, Graduate Education (Master's Program) , 4Term, Animal Production Science II
★, Female reproductive life span is extended by targeted removal of fibrotic collagen from the mouse ovary, SCIENCE ADVANCES, 8(24), 20220617
The expression and roles of Semaphorin Type 3C in granulosa cells during the luteinization process., Journal of Mammalian Ova Research, 31, 31-39, 2014
★, Targeted disruption of Nrg1 in granulosa cells alters the temporal progression of oocyte maturation., Molecular Endocrinology, 706-720, 2014
★, Neuregulin 1 regulates proliferation of Leydig cells to support spermatogenesis and sexual behavior in adult mice., Endocrinology, 157, 4899-4913, 2016
★, The acceleration of reproductive aging in Nrg1flox/flox; Cyp19-Cre female mice., Aging cell, 1288-1299, 2017
Inductions of granulosa cell luteinization and cumulus expansion are dependent on the fibronectin-integrin pathway during ovulation process in mice., PloS one, e0192458, 2018
★, Creatine enhances the duration of sperm capacitation: a novel factor for improving in vitro fertilization with small numbers of sperm., Human Reproduction, 1117-1129, 2018
The stromal fibrosis in aging ovary., Aging, 8-10, 2018
Roles of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like factor in the ovulation process., Reproductive Medicine and Biology, 201-216, 2016
Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis in Mitochondria Enhance the Duration of High-Speed Linear Motility in Boar Sperm, FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY, 10, 20190312
★, Activation of Toll-like receptor 7/8 encoded by the X chromosome alters sperm motility and provides a novel simple technology for sexing sperm, PLOS BIOLOGY, 17(8), 201908
Negative effects of ROS generated during linear sperm motility on gene expression and ATP generation in boar sperm mitochondria, FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 141, 159-171, 201909
★, A simple sperm-sexing method that activates TLR7/8 on X sperm for the efficient production of sexed mouse or cattle embryos, NATURE PROTOCOLS, 15(8), 2645-2667, 202008
Itaconate regulates the glycolysis/pentose phosphate pathway transition to maintain boar sperm linear motility by regulating redox homeostasis, FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 159, 44-53, 20201101
Cutting the ovarian surface improves the responsiveness to exogenous hormonal treatment in aged mice, REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, 19(4), 415-424, 202010
Methyl-beta cyclodextrin and creatine work synergistically under hypoxic conditions to improve the fertilization ability of boar ejaculated sperm, ANIMAL SCIENCE JOURNAL, 91(1), 2020
Adverse effect of superoxide-induced mitochondrial damage in granulosa cells on follicular development in mouse ovaries, FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE, 163, 344-355, 20210201
Saturated fatty acids accelerate linear motility through mitochondrial ATP production in bull sperm, REPRODUCTIVE MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY, 20(3), 289-298, 202107
Targeted disruption of neuregulin 1 in granulosa cells reveals an important role in oocyte maturation in vivo, Masayuki Shimada, Ikko Kawashima, Takashi Umehara, JoAnne S.Richards, SSR 46th Annual Meeting, 2013/07, Without Invitation, English, Montreal, Canada
The abnormal estrus cycle in aged granulosa-cell-specific Nrg1 KO mice, Takashi Umehara, JoAnne S. Richards, Masayuki Shimada, SSR 47th Annual Meeting, 2014/07, Without Invitation, English, Grand rapids, U.S.A
LH-induced NRG1 is essential for adult Leydig cell proliferation in the infant testis that determines androgen production and spermatogenesis in adult male mice., Takashi Umehara, Wenxian Zeng, JoAnne S. Richards, Masayuki Shimada, SSR 49th Annual Meeting, 2016/07, Without Invitation, English, San diego, U.S.A
Creatine enhances sperm capacitation and is associated with successful in vivo and in vitro fertilization in mice., Takashi Umehara, Satoshi Okuda, Tomoko Kawai, JoAnne S. Richards, Masayuki Shimada, SSR 50th Annual Meeting, 2017/07, Without Invitation, English, Washington D.C, U.S.A
2018, THE 2018 AWARDS OF THE DIMITRIS N. CHORAFAS FOUNDATION, THE DIMITRIS N. CHORAFAS FOUNDATION, A study on the role of Neuregulin 1 in mammalian fertility
2015/.4, 2018/.3
Oversea research fellowship, A study on the treatment of reproductive disorder focusing on ovarian fibrosis, 2019/09/01, 2020/09/13

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


A soft handle wool blend fabric, featuring exquisite fibre dyed shades and sumptuous piece dyed solids. Synergy's heart and soul comes from premium New Zealand wool, used in the woollen spun weft in combination with a fine worsted warp. This gives a smoother finish, softer still from the gentle milling process, closer surface crop and light pressing. Learn more.


This event is fully booked. Please email ecommerce@nationalgalleries.org if you are interested in joining a waiting list or call +44 (0)131 624 6494 (Monday-Friday 9am-5pm).
To celebrate the publication of Paolozzi at Large in Edinburgh, join us for an evening of poetry, jazz and talks relating to Eduardo Paolozzi and his sculptures in Edinburgh. This new book published by Luath Press is edited by Christine De Luca and Dr Carlo Pirozzi.
The evening will begin with a drinks reception when you can sample Paolozzi beer courtesy of the Edinburgh Beer Factory, followed by poetry readings by former Edinburgh Makar Christine De Luca, jazz by Martin Kershaw and a discussion of Paolozzi's sculptures. Ray Bird's short film 'Manuscript of Creation' - which features Paolozzi's iconic 'Manuscript of Monte Cassino' - will also be screened.
After this, you will have an opportunity to visit our shop where you can receive a fantastic 15%* off purchases on the evening, and for those customers who purchase a signed copy of the Paolozzi at Large in Edinburgh book, there will be goody bags** on offer.
The event is supported by the Italian Cultural Institute of Edinburgh and Edinburgh Beer Factory.
*T&Cs apply: 15% discount is valid in our Modern Two shop on the night of Friday 26 April 6.30-8.30pm. Excludes custom prints, Friends memberships, tickets and gift vouchers. Not valid for online orders. Not to be used in conjunction with any other offer. **Goody bags are limited to customers who purchase a signed copy of the Paolozzi at Large in Edinburgh book and are limited to one per customer. Goody bags cannot be exchanged for any other items. Contents may include but are not limited to postcards, books, stationery and posters.


text:
Seori announces new single, 'Can't Stop This Party'
The new song arrives later this month
By Carmen Chin
Seori. Credit: ATISPAUS
Seori has announced a new digital single titled 'Can't Stop This Party', the follow-up to August 2021's 'Dive With You'.
READ MORE: Taeyeon talks Girls' Generation: "It always feels like home when we're all together"
The South Korean soloist shared the new on social media yesterday (March 2) at midnight KST, revealing that her fifth digital single 'Can't Stop The Party' is due out later this month on March 22 at 1pm KST / 12am EST.
Alongside the announcement was a teaser image for the forthcoming release, with what appears to be portions of the song's lyrics superimposed atop a picture of the singer. "Oh I feel like I can finally breathe the air I needed / Up the pole, see my dancing / Can't stop the party, can't stop the party," it reads.
Seori 5th Digital Single
[Can't Stop This Party]
📀Release
2022. 03. 22. TUE
1PM (KST) / 12AM (EST)#Seori #서리 #Cant_Stop_This_Party pic.twitter.com/t6onDQXU8q
— Seori (@seori_official) March 1, 2022
'Can't Stop The Party' will be the highly anticipated follow-up to 'Dive With You', which dropped in August 2021 and featured former Day6 member Jae Park under the moniker eaJ.
More recently, Seori had become the first Korean female artist to feature on Grammy's Global Spin series early last month with her performance of 'Lovers In The Night' in celebration of the Lunar New Year. She is also the second Korean act to appear on the series so far, following former iKON member B.I.
In a press release, the songstress shared that she felt "greatly honoured" that 'Lovers In The Night' had been chosen. "When I first sang this song, I remember that it was a time that we were able to hang out together and have fun without any time or spatial restriction. But now with the pandemic situation, we have to go home by sunset," she said.
Seori was also one of the handfuls of South Korean artists featured on this year's The NME 100 list, where her music was described as "heavenly R&B-tinged pop to help you escape to a divine new world".
ATISPAUS
Seori


Digital fluency is a serious business at Wildern School, with students taking control of improving standards. An Apple Regional Training Centre, Wildern deploys iStudents to neighbouring schools and the wider community (as well as around the school) to advise on the use of technology.
By embracing handheld technologies, staff and students at Wildern school have been investigating the positive effects of emerging technologies and disrupting traditional non-technological approaches to teaching.
Since 2010, Wildern has had an acceptable use policy that embraces mobiles and handheld devices in the classroom and has opened up a whole new avenue of learning approaches.
Staff are as active as the pupils and conduct action research projects into use of new technologies from projects with QR codes through to designing web and mobile apps.


text:
Big Brother is watching you.... Council to fingerprint staff as they clock in for work
Hundreds council workers are set to be fingerprinted before they are allowed to work, it has been revealed.
Staff at Westminster Council in London will 'clock in' by scanning their fingerprints in what is believed to be the first scheme of its type in Britain.
But today civil liberties and data protection watchdogs warned the scheme had 'Big Brother' overtones and should be abandoned.
Some of the workers affected are already considering industrial action over the plan. About 200 employees in the street management services department, including the borough's road sweepers, will be asked to provide their fingerprints.
A source at the authority said staff would have to swipe a finger across a wall-mounted box linked to a computer system. The prints would then be logged and matched against staff records.
Unlike traditional clocking-in machines, employees will not be able to dodge the system by getting others to swipe in for them.
The council says it wants to protect staff by making sure they know where they are. But Unison, the public sector union, argued that the council was introducing the machines because it did not trust its staff.
The source said: 'The computer will work out who is, and who is not, where they should be.
'Very quickly managers will be able to work out if there are any gaps in attendance - in other words if someone is skiving or not.'
The revelation will add to growing public concern about how personal data is collected, stored and used by organisations.
Privacy campaigners claim the Government is eroding Britain's traditional freedoms with creeping surveillance and data collection.
In July, plans for a massive database that would detail every phone call, email, text message, internet search and on-line purchase in the fight against terrorism and other serious crime were condemned as a step too far.
The loss of personal data records held by several government agencies has further eroded the public's trust.
Civil liberties campaign group Liberty said there was no guarantee that the details of Westminster employees would not be passed to police.
Policy director Gareth Crossman said: 'This is excessive, unnecessary and disproportionate. Anyone who does give their fingerprints to their employer should be aware that these things invariably become a source for the police.
'Fingerprinting used to be something we did to criminals but now we do it to everyone from children returning their library books to road sweepers.'
Union representatives have labelled the fingerprinting at Westminster 'Orwellian' and warned workers not to use the biometric devices. They are seeking talks with senior managers.
Stephen Higgins, Westminster Unison assistant branch secretary, said: 'We simply do not trust the city council to hold this information securely and see no justification for such a scheme.'
Phil Vaughan, the union's branch secretary at Westminster, said the system was 'based on mistrust'.
He added: 'We can see no justifiable reason why it is necessary for the council to obtain such personal data, and Westminster Unison shall resist such draconian measures.'
Dean Ingledew, Westminster's director of community protection, said: 'As an employer we have a duty of care to know where our staff are, that they are safe and that council taxpayers are getting value for money from staff who are working properly.
'The system mainly applies to members of staff who are street-based and often work alone and late at night and many say they actually feel safer with this system because if anyone fails to sign in or out it is flagged up immediately and calls are made to find out where they are.'
The Information Commissioner's Office said: 'The collection of more and more personal data represents a greater potential risk to individuals.' (Daily Mail Reporter, 9.12.2008) http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1054892/Big-Brother-watching---Council-fingerprint-staff-clock-work.html


In a quickly growing market, energy suppliers are facing a major challenge: They must guarantee high network quality to protect income losses caused by manipulation at the metering point, and although this is expensive, it is key to their success. To meet this specific demand, Landis+Gyr has developed the E550 series.
Up to twelve measurement quantities (of any energy and quadrant) can be used simultaneously to calculate energy and demand values. They deliver the basis for the calculation of energy registration and network quality values. The memory registers consumption, demand, maximum values and previous values as well as two load profiles and events for a maximum of 512 days. Up to 48 tariffs can be switched externally or by an internal clock.
We have a comprehensive range of possible communications interfaces on offer (CS, RS-232, RS-485, RS-422, optical). The selected transfer protocol (IEC, DLMS) is automatically recognized; the high transfer rate of up to 38,400 bps keeps communication costs low. Outages can be reported over the mobile telephone network using the SMS function.
Additionally, with the new support of the E55C modem portfolio, we offer a versatile tool for automatic meter reading applications, using 2G or 3G mobile networks. The optional communication modem is placed under the terminal cover and is directly powered by the meter.
The E550 series continuously monitors network and power quality. Event information such as voltage drops or exceeding a predefined value can be read out over various interfaces. Events which have been declared as important can trigger an output contact directly.
Both hardware and software contain advanced functions for fraud detection. The E550 meter is resistant to external magnetic fields, and manipulation attempts. Additionally, access to the read out process can be protected by limiting the number of incorrect passwords.


Good Evening Girls….it is soon to be Good Morning and by the time I finish writing this it might very well be Good Morning…..I am not quick at the best of times!
Its been a very busy week, I have been busy prepping for the Demo Days at HobbyCraft…yes they went well, had a fab time and met some lovely people – some crafters and some not – but lovely nonetheless! The staff at Hobbycraft are to be highly commended, they are tireless in their tasks and never seem to stop – Well done to you all! The defining moment had to be when the fire alarm went off – I was mid demo and in jeans, vest top, flimsy over shirt (it was very warm in store) and an apron! it was freezing outside and just as we stepped out, wouldn't you know it! the rain started!!! Just my luck! Hey Ho! we weren't out long and quickly back inside in the warm.
I am going to include some pics from the items I demoed…not all Stampin' Up! of course, but there is something Stampin' Up! on every one of them….
Ladies there are only a couple of days left of the Autumn/Winter catty…that soon came around didn't it! I cannot believe how quick that time has gone! So…..If there is anything that you are still wanting from the Autumn/Winter book, PLEASE, PLEASE, PLEASE get your orders into me before 10.00pm on Thursday 31st January because after that…..when it's gone…it's gone!
But….remember the fabulous Sale a Bration is on right now….
PURCHASE £45 of goodies and choose any single thing from the Sale a Bration leaflet FREE! purchase £90 of goodies and get TWO FREE items…..you know how this goes….
And then….DRUM ROLLL…… we have the fabulous new Spring/Summer catalogue coming out very very soon, making those £45 purchases to get your FREEBIES is going to be a piece of cake! and soooooo many lovely and unusual items….I am so excited to be able to sow you these things and as this week progresses, I am hoping to be able to show you more so WATCH THIS SPACE…..
Pictures…thats what you really want to see isn't it, not more text from me….
This was so easy to make – it is a pre cut pop out and has glittery bits on it but very effective and great for children to put together, which I had several of at the weekend!
Lots of girls and ladies came to talk about wedding cards….well to be honest, I dont make many….my boys are not quite at the age of getting married and most of our friends children are either the same age as our boys or just not getting married just yet! I felt I needed something simple…this would have benefitted from some pearls I think…but I did have one lady want to do this for her invites so…..
These three cards all use a similar blended background. Using sponge pads, I created these lovely soft backgrounds to show how easy it is to use tone on tone and get great effects. Lots of interest was generated using this simple technique and I am pretty pleased with the end results.
Finally, another misty card, this one using VersaMark as a resist on glossy card stock….leaves a really soft effect a bit like a water mark….
So tomorrow I am beginning to box up, ready for shipping, all the class kits from the very first Stampdelicious by Stamp! I am overwhelmed by the response, and delighted that so many of you signed up for this! it was so popular that I am not able to make any more this month whatsoever! I truly thought I would have loads left over but NO! not a scrap left! I know you are going to love the projects and I am already taking pics of next months goodies for you. They will begin to show on the blog late next week so look out for those….
Finally mixed news…as many of you know my youngest boy had several trips to the hospital last year with various undiagnosed infections so it was with huge amounts of worry that he developed another high temperature last wednesday and had to be off school again – in fairness he is still off! – however, I am grateful to be able to say that so are many of his year group with identical symptoms so I am assured that he is suffering te same virus as every one else! In addition to this he received some certificates in the post today from the prelim exams he sat in November…for his Maths and Physics he got really good results (not holding my breath on the others…I am a realist!!!!) and he was still only 14years old when he sat them! I suspect that there will be some rivalry banter going on when his big brother comes home as the youngest has achieved slightly better marks at an earlier age than the older one! Oh dear…well that's siblings for you!


text:
Airbus A220 Airliner Spotting Guide
The A220 Series single-aisle, narrow-body jetliner was designed by Bombardier and is now being marketed by Airbus. The airliner is optimized for the 100-150 seat market segment, and includes the A220-100 and A220-300 models.
Both models share the same height, wingspan and fuselage diameter. The A220-300 can fly an extra 230 miles. The two aircraft have over 95% parts commonality, and share the same type rating.
Swiss Air Airbus A220-100
Deliveries began in 2016, with Swiss Air, AirBaltic and Korean Air Lines among the initial operators. Production facilities are in Mirabel, Canada and in Mobile, Alabama.
The design is 100% new, from nose to tail. The A220 Series aircraft contains a high proportion of composite materials; it features 70% advanced materials comprising 46% composite materials and 24% aluminium-lithium.
The main landing gear units retract inward, wile the nose gear retracts rearward. Each unit is twin-wheeled, for a total of six wheels on the plane.
One engine is mounted under each wing in the A220 Series aircraft, and the wings feature winglets on the ends. Pratt & Whitney PurePower PW1000G engines are used.
The A220 cabin was designed to provide the widest seats on a single-aisle aircraft, the largest windows and up to 30% more carry-on bags.
The cabin features large windows, and large, rotating overhead storage bins allowing each passenger to stow a sizeable carry-on bag overhead. LED lighting can be changed as the airline dictates.
Length Typical
Seating Range
nm Orders* Delv*
A220-100 114' 9" 108 - 135 3,100 95 38
A220-300 127' 0" 130 - 160 3,300 563 69
* through January, 2020
Agreement Between Bombardier and Airbus on the C Series
Nose view of the Bombardier C Series
In October of 2017 Airbus and Bombardier announced a new C Series partnership. Under the agreement, Airbus will provide procurement, sales, marketing, and customer support expertise to the C Series program.
It is reported that the primary C Series assembly line will remain in Quebec, with some orders for the C Series to be assembled at the Airbus plant in Mobile, Alabama.
The C Series Becomes the Airbus A220
In July of 2018, Airbus completed its acquisition of the C Series, and renamed the two airliners the A220-100 and A220-300.
Read the News Release from Airbus for details - The A220: A fresh livery, and integrated in Airbus' jetliner family
Airbus A220 Spotting Tips
Shown below is a side-by-side comparison of the the Airbus A220-100 and 220-300, with its two engines mounted under the wings, winglets, two dual-wheel main landing gear and four-piece windshield. Each model shares the same wingspan, fuselage width and height. The A220 Series design includes two cabins doors on each side of the fuselage, and one emergency exit over the wing.
The 220-100 features 12 windows in front of the emergency exit, while the 220-300 has 16-17 windows.
Distinctive nose of the Airbus A220 ... seen here is Swiss Air HB-JBF (Photo by DELEHELLE Eric)
Airbus A220-100 (top) and A220-300 (bottom) prototypes in Bombardier markings
Bombardier CS100 / Airbus A220-100 on a landing approach
Airbus A220 engines ... seen here on Swiss Air HB-JBF (Photo by DELEHELLE Eric)
AirBaltic Airbus A220-300
Spacious A220 interior
A220 window treatments
Delta Air Lines has placed an order for 75 A220-100 airliners. Shown below is a rendition of a A220 in Delta livery
Delta Air Lines A220-100 airliner fresh out of the paint hanger in September of 2018. The aircraft was inducted into the Delta fleet on October 26, 2018. (Photo courtesy of Delta Air Lines)
Delta Air Lines A220-100, registration N114DU, awaits takeoff at the DFW Airport (June, 2019)
Swiss Air Airbus A220, Registration Number HB-JBF (Photo by DELEHELLE Eric)
Comparing the Airbus A220 Series to Similar Airliners
The cockpit windshield configuration (side view) of the Airbus A220 compared with the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787
The configuration of the cockpit windshield (front view), on the Airbus A220 with its 4-piece windshield. For comparison, the windshields of the Airbus A350 and Boeing 787 are also shown.
The chart below shows a side-by-side comparison of the Airbus A220-100 (top) and the Embraer E175 (below)
The Airbus Corporate Jet ACJ TwoTwenty
Airbus ACJ TwoTwenty (photo courtesy of Airbus)
Airbus announced on October 6, 2020 its new ACJ TwoTwenty, a business jet based on its popular A220-100 airliner.
The business jet creates a whole new market segment "The Xtra Large Bizjet". The jet includes for the first time a flexible cabin catalogue, addressing the requirements of the heavy and long-range business jet categories.
Read the Press Release at the Airbus corporate website ...
Airbus Corporate Jets launches ACJ TwoTwenty business jet
More Information About Airbus Aircraft
Official website of Airbus


text:
Faithful Brave Rain, Bin Laden to Hear Pope
Tens of thousands gather outside St. Peters for traditional Easter benediction.
By JIM SCIUTTO
ROME, March 23, 2008— -- Huddled under a sea of colorful umbrellas, tens of thousands of Catholic faithful flocked to St. Peter's Basilica in Rome today to hear the Pope's traditional Easter Sunday address.
The worshippers defied both rain and a threat from al Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden.
In an audio message posted online this week, bin Laden called Pope Benedict XVI the leader of "a new crusade" against Islam and vowed retribution against the European Union for publishing Danish cartoons depicting the prophet Muhammad.
The Vatican took the warning seriously, but even so, on St. Peters Square today, pilgrims far outnumbered the police.
The pope's message this year was one focused on international politics. In his traditional "Urbi et Orbi" prayer -- "to the city and the world" -- Benedict XVI called for peace in the conflict-ridden regions of Iraq, Darfur, and Palestine.
He also appealed for a second time this week for calm in Tibet, where Chinese government troops have cracked down hard on Buddhist monks and others protesting Chinese rule.
"How often relations between individuals, groups and people are marked not by love but by selfishness, injustice, hatred and violence," the pope said. "These are the scourges of humanity, open and festering in every corner of the planet, although they are often ignored and sometimes deliberately concealed, wounds that torture the souls and bodies of countless of our brothers and sisters."
Many on St. Peter's Square welcomed the pontiff's message.
"I think if you have a pope you have to use it, you have to project values, Christian values," said James Melanson, one of thousands of worshippers who had gathered to hear Pope Benedict speak. "It makes total sense to me."
But the Vatican also saw a moment of controversy this weekend.
At the midnight mass Saturday, the Pope baptized one of Italy's most prominent Muslims. Magdi Allam, a journalist and outspoken critic of Islamic extremism, called the day of his baptism the "happiest day of my life."
Though Allam's public conversion shocked some in Italy's Muslim community, the Vatican called it a private matter, and stressed that it should not be interpreted as an insult to Muslims.
Meanwhile, Christians the world over observed the holiest day in the Christian calendar.
In the Persian Gulf nation of Qatar today, Christians celebrated Easter mass at the first Catholic church in the conservative Muslim nation, praying for peace between the faiths.
The pope reached out to them and other Christians across the world at the end of his address, wishing the faithful a happy Easter in 63 languages.
ABC News' Christine Brouwer contributed to this report.


text:
Browse all Recent Posts
Meet the Rescuers
Animal Rescue Stories
My Life in Rescue - Rae's Journal
Life in Rescue is Weird
Rae Gellel
Lucky Couple Will Spend the Lockdown Watching This Beautiful Dove Family Grow
Eurasian Collared Doves are among the animal kingdom's greatest global colonisers. Originally native to parts of Europe and Asia, their adaptability and natural tenacity for travel has seen them settle in almost every continent, from subtropical climates to those just north of the arctic circle.
During the nation-wide lockdown in the UK, a pair of these seasoned travellers have chosen a somewhat less exotic location for their home, however: the balcony of a top-floor flat in Cheshire, North West England, where they have nested in an artificial tree.
This is the second year that the flat's occupants - Ella Burrett and her partner - have welcomed the pair of doves to their balcony, which overlooks a canal. Since the artificial tree is pressed against sheer glass doors, the couple has a rare, intimate view of the birds as they tend to their budding family.
For days they watched the doves painstakingly build the nest, leaving and returning with twigs and pieces of foilage. Eventually, an egg appeared, followed by another in the ensuing days, and the parents have since shared responsibility for sitting on them. Typically, the male Collared Dove will incubate the eggs during the day, and the female during the evening. They are a monogamous species, choosing just a single mate.
"It's been so lovely watching the doves, I have a perfect view from my sofa so all day I could see them bringing sticks back and creating the nest. Now the mum has laid eggs, they don't really move much, only swapping positions every evening. I found it really funny that they nested there as opposite the canal there's lots of trees and greenery! But the canal pathway is usually very busy with people too, so I think they just felt safer being away from it all," said Ella, who also has a pet bird - a parakeet. The incubation period for Collared Dove eggs averages between 14 and 18 days, meaning they are due to hatch any day now, an exciting prospect for Ella and her boyfriend. When the doves nested on the balcony previously, the couple missed their hatching due to a long holiday abroad. This year however, the lockdown has created the perfect conditions for them to monitor the eggs, all from the comfort of their home.
For a wildlife lover, their position is enviable. Watching any animal enter the world, and grow from birth to maturity in such close proximity, is a rare and precious thing that can seldom be achieved without interfering or causing harm. In this case, both couples - human and bird - have created a peaceful co-existence, one that is so often lacking where wildlife and people collide in the modern world.
Though they're known to nest relatively near to human habitation, often visiting bird tables and feeding on human leftovers, Collared Doves are more timorous than their pigeon cousins, generally fleeing at the first approach of a person. This underscores just how lucky Ella and her partner have been to be chosen by this breeding pair for two years in a row - in terms of activities to while away the excess hours during the pandemic, they have truly hit the jackpot.
Cats, Dogs & the New Corona Virus: Making Sense of What We Know So Far
Covid-19 is the Inevitable Outcome of Our Treatment of Animals
Man Vows to Live in His Van for a Month to Raise Funds for Animal Rescue
Work/volunteer with animals and got a story to tell? Contact The Animalist.
Copyright @ 2019, Rae Gellel, all rights reserved. Website created with Wix.com


text:
Why the moment you start trying for a baby is the time to stop drinking - one mum shares her story
By Carolyn Tate| 2 months ago
When Sophie and her husband decided to try to conceive their first child 16 years ago, they never expected to be successful in the first month, but that's exactly what happened.
"I recall telling my GP – it was six and a half weeks into my pregnancy that it was confirmed – that I'd had alcohol on the night of conception, and then there would have been another couple of occasions after that, in the third and fifth week that I'd had more than a few drinks," she said.
The amount of alcohol Sophie had consumed didn't seem like a cause for concern, and it wasn't unusual for the early 2000s either.
READ MORE: Kayla had no idea she was pregnant - until she saw her baby's feet
A new national campaign is raising awareness of the risks of drinking alcohol while pregnant or trying to conceive. (Getty)
Sophie was shocked to learn last year, that the small amount of alcohol was enough for her son to be diagnosed with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD).
Symptoms of FASD can include low body weight, poor coordination, hyperactive behaviour, poor memory, learning difficulties, speech and language delays, low IQ, vision or hearing problems, sleep problems and trouble sucking in babies.
Sophie's son didn't have all of those symptoms, although she says he was a terrible sleeper as a baby, and she had difficulty breastfeeding him. As a first-time mum, she put it down to the luck of the draw.
It wasn't until her son was a bit older that she realised there was something more serious going on.
"At pre-primary level we were told he was struggling to remember things, like his colours and his numbers," she says. "One day he would understand the next day he didn't.
"When he was 11, we realised there was a significant issue. When he was working independently, he couldn't do very much by himself in the classroom.
READ MORE: The most popular baby names of 2021
"There is a lot of misinformation about alcohol and pregnancy", according to FARE. (Supplied)
"He went on to get an ADHD diagnosis at 14 but because he's not outwardly active, loud or distracted, he would learn strategies to mask his lack of attention really well."
Sophie says the reason it took such a long time for her son to be diagnosed is probably because her drinking was considered to be low level, and there were no compounding issues in their family such as trauma, addiction or mental health concerns.
"We always played to his strengths," she says. "We looked at what he could do, not what he couldn't do. And he always had good structure and routine, with set rules and boundaries, which have turned out to be helpful factors for dealing with FASD.
"I realise that his outcome could have been much worse, we've been very lucky."
We know now that there is no such thing as safe consumption of alcohol while pregnant. The Department of Health states unequivocally on its website: "To prevent harm from alcohol to their unborn child, women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy should not drink alcohol."
And a new national awareness campaign by the Foundation for Alcohol Research and Education (FARE) and endorsed and funded by the Australian Government Department of Health, aims to raise awareness of the risks of drinking alcohol while pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or breastfeeding and FASD.
With the tagline 'The moment you start trying is the moment to stop drinking', we'll be seeing the campaign on television, radio, digital and out-of-home channels until July 2024.
FARE CEO Caterina Giorgi says the Every Moment Matters campaign will help address the mixed messages people often receive about alcohol and pregnancy.
"There is a lot of misinformation about alcohol and pregnancy, and it makes it hard for people to find the latest accurate information," Giorgi says.
"The Campaign will provide clear information to Australians about the risks of drinking alcohol at every stage of pregnancy, to support all Australian families to be healthy and well.
READ MORE: Reese Witherspoon's kids star in Beyoncé's new commercial
'The moment you start trying is the moment to stop drinking' (Supplied)
Sophie hopes the campaign makes a difference, and that she can help by sharing her story.
"My hope is that the campaign encourages anybody who is thinking about stopping contraception to ensure they also stop drinking alcohol because alcohol and pregnancy don't go well together," she says.
"Whilst I wish my son hadn't been exposed to alcohol in utero, I believe that sharing my story can make a difference and help couples like my husband and I who didn't realise that even the smallest amount of alcohol can cause FASD."
For more information, please visit the NOFASD Australia website or call their confidential 7-day a week helpline on 1800 860 613.
Adorable babies and their pet cats


text:
import { Meteor } from 'meteor/meteor';
import { Accounts } from 'meteor/accounts-base';
import { Template } from 'meteor/templating';
import { ReactiveVar } from 'meteor/reactive-var';

import './signup.html';

Template.signupForm.onCreated(function() {
    this.isProcessing = new ReactiveVar();
    this.errorMessage = new ReactiveVar();
    // this should be a Session variable so the registration form isn't displayed after the first successful submission
    this.isSuccess = new ReactiveVar();
    this.verifyForm = (params, cb) => {
        // 'email', 'password', 'confirmPassword', 'secretWord'

        if (!params.email || !params.email.trim())
            return cb("A valid email is required");

        // this is not an ideal way to validate fields, as a server side method is called whether or not
        // the email field was changed. But is okay to do because this method is only fired on submit
        Meteor.call('accounts.findByEmail', params.email, (err, res) => {
            if (err) {
                return cb(err)
            }

            if (!params.password || !params.password.trim() || !params.confirmPassword || !params.confirmPassword.trim()) {
                return cb(new Meteor.Error(400, "Your passwords cannot be empty"));
            }

            if (params.password !== params.confirmPassword) {
                return cb(new Meteor.Error(400, "Your passwords do not match, please try again"));
            }

            return cb(null, true);
        });
    }
});

Template.signupForm.helpers({
    isProcessing() {
        return Template.instance().isProcessing.get(); },
    isSuccess() {
        return Template.instance().isSuccess.get(); },
    errorMessage() {
        return Template.instance().errorMessage.get(); }
});

Template.signupForm.events({
    'submit #signupForm': function(event, tmpl) {
        event.preventDefault();
        let params = {
            email: $('#registerEmail').val(),
            password: $('#newPassword').val(),
            confirmPassword: $('#confirmNewPassword').val(),
        };

        tmpl.isProcessing.set(true);
        tmpl.errorMessage.set(null);

        tmpl.verifyForm(params, (err, res) => {
            if (err) {
                tmpl.isProcessing.set(false);
                return tmpl.errorMessage.set(err.reason);
            }

            // Meteor hashes the password with SHA256 before it is sent over the wire,
            // but HTTPS is still a better way to go.
            params.password = Accounts._hashPassword(params.password);

            // we don't need the confirmPassword field any more
            delete params.confirmPassword;

            /**
             * Accounts.createUser does exactly the same thing (and more). Creating a custom method
             * here as an example of how this can be done without having to use Account hooks etc.
             * The server method in turn sends the verification email, you can also add other custom
             * functionality to it.
             *
             * @param  {Method} 'accounts.createUser' A server side method wired to create an account
             * @param  {Object}  params                An object with an email and hashed password to use
             * @param  {Error}   regErr                An error object if it was returned
             * @param  {Boolean} regRes                True, if created succesfully.
             */
            Meteor.call('accounts.createUser', params, (regErr, regRes) => {
                tmpl.isProcessing.set(false);
                return !!regErr ? tmpl.errorMessage.set(regErr.reason) : tmpl.isSuccess.set(true);
            });
        });
    }
})

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub