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Безпіло́тний назе́мний тра́нспортний за́сіб (БНТЗ) () — це наземний транспортний засіб, який функціонує без наявності на борту людини. БНТЗ можуть бути використані для багатьох застосувань, якщо це може бути незручним, небезпечним або неможливим для присутності оператора-людини. Як правило, транспортний засіб має набір датчиків для спостереження за навколишнім середовищем і буде або самостійно приймати рішення щодо своєї поведінки, або передавати інформацію оператору-людині, яка керує ним по радіоканалу.

БНТЗ є наземним аналогом безпілотних літальних апаратів та дистанційно керованих підводних транспортних засобів. Безпілотна робототехніка активно розробляється як для цивільного, так і для військового використання, щоб виконувати різноманітні нудні, брудні та небезпечні завдання.

Історія

Робоча машина з дистанційним управлінням була зареєстрована в жовтні 1921 року в журналі World Wide Wireless RCA. Автомобіль був безпілотний і керований бездротовим способом через радіо; припускали, що технологія може бути удосконалена до танків. У 1930-х роках у СРСР розробили телетанк — танк з автоматичним рухом, дистанційно керований через радіостанцію з іншого танка. Їх використовували в Радянсько-фінській війні (1939—1940 рр.) проти Фінляндії та на Східному фронті Другої світової війни після того, як Німеччина вторглася в СРСР у 1941 році. В 1941 році британці розробили радіоконтрольовану версію свого піхотного танку Matilda II. Відомий як «чорний принц», він був би використаний для вогню з прихованих протитанкових гармат або для місій знесення. Через витрати на перетворення системи трансмісії бака в коробки передач типу Вільсона було скасовано замовлення на 60 цистерн.

З 1942 року німці використовували гусеничні самохідні міни «Голіят». «Ґоліят» — це невеликий гусеничний транспортний засіб, що містив 60 кг вибухонебезпечного заряду, яким керував оператор через кабельну лінію зв'язку. Їх прототип — мініатюрний французький гусеничний транспорт, який був знайдений після того, як Франція була розбита в 1940 році. Комбінація вартості, низької швидкості, залежність від кабелю для контролю та слабкий захист від зброї зумовили недостатню ефективність «Голіяту».

Перші великі зусилля з розробки мобільних роботів беруть початок у 1960-х роках. Тоді був створений рухомий апарат Shakey як результат досліджень, проведених в Агентстві передових дослідницьких проєктів (DARPA). Shakey була колісною платформою, яка мала телекамеру, датчики та бортовий обчислювач, що забезпечували керування навігаційними завданнями, дозволяли підбирати дерев'яні блоки і розміщувати їх у певних областях за командами оператора.

Дизайн
Безпілотні наземні транспортні засоби, як правило, включають в себе наступні компоненти: платформу, датчики, системи керування, інтерфейс наведення, комунікаційні зв'язки та функції системної інтеграції.

Платформа
Платформа може бути заснована на конструкції всесезонного автомобіля та включає в себе апарат рушія, датчики та джерело живлення. Треки, колеса та ноги — це загальні форми пересування. Крім того, платформа може включати шарнірне тіло, а деякі з них з'єднані з іншими блоками.

Датчики
Основною метою датчиків БНТЗ є навігація, інша — виявлення середовища. Датчики можуть включати компаси, одометри, інклінометри, гіроскопи, камери для тріангуляції, лазерні та ультразвукові далекоміри та інфрачервоні технології.

Системи управління
Безпілотні наземні транспортні засоби, як правило, вважаються віддаленими та автономними, хоча наглядовий контроль також використовується для позначення ситуацій, коли існує комбінація прийняття рішень від внутрішніх систем БНТЗ та віддаленого оператора-людини.

Дистанційне керування

Дистанційно керований БНТЗ — це транспортний засіб, який управляється оператором людини через інтерфейс. Всі дії визначаються оператором на основі прямого візуального спостереження або віддаленого використання датчиків, таких як цифрові відеокамери. Основним прикладом принципів дистанційного керування буде дистанційно керований іграшковий автомобіль. Для дистанційного керування сучасними БНТЗ використовують засоби радіозв'язку.

Автономний БНТЗ

Автономний БНТЗ є, по суті, автономним роботом, який працює без потреби в контролі людини, спираючись на технології штучного інтелекту. Автомобіль використовує свої датчики для розробки певного обмеженого розуміння навколишнього середовища, який потім використовується алгоритмами керування для визначення наступної дії, яку слід враховувати в контексті поставленої місією завдання. Це повністю виключає необхідність будь-якої людини спостерігати за тим, як БНТЗ виконує дії.

Повністю автономний робот здатен:
 збирати інформацію про навколишнє середовище, наприклад, створювати карти внутрішніх приміщень у будівлях;
 визначати цільові об'єкти, такі як люди та транспортні засоби;
 подорожувати між точковими пунктами без допомоги навігації;
 працювати тривалий термін без втручання людини;
 уникати ситуацій, які шкідливі для людей, власності чи себе, якщо вони не є частиною його бойових завдань;
 знімати зброю або вилучати вибухові речовини;
 ремонтувати себе без сторонньої допомоги.
Робот також може самонавчатися. Автономне навчання включає в себе здатність:
 навчатися або отримувати нові можливості без зовнішньої допомоги;
 налаштовувати стратегію на основі оточення;
 пристосовуватись до оточення без зовнішньої допомоги;
 розробляти етичний погляд на цілі місії.
Одним з найбільш важливих аспектів, які слід враховувати при розробці збройних автономних машин, є відмінність між комбатантами та цивільними особами. Якщо  розгортання роботів неправильно виконано, це може бути шкідливим. Це особливо вірно в сучасну епоху, коли комбатанти часто навмисно маскують себе цивільними, щоб уникнути виявлення. Навіть якщо робот підтримує точність 99 %, кількість втрачених цивільних людей може бути катастрофічною. Через це малоймовірно, що будь-які повністю автономні машини будуть спрямовані в бойове озброєння, принаймні, поки не може бути розроблено задовільне рішення.

Використання
В даний час існує велика кількість БНТЗ. Переважно вони використовуються для заміни людей у небезпечних ситуаціях, таких як знешкодження вибухових речовин та вибухових пристроїв, де потрібна додаткова сила чи малий розмір, або де люди не можуть легко рухатися. Військові програми включають спостереження, розвідку та вогневе ураження цілей. Вони також використовуються в таких галузях, як сільське господарство, видобування та будівництво.

БНТЗ також розробляються для операцій з підтримання миру, наземного спостереження, проведення поліцейських та військових операцій у містах. Крім того, БНТЗ використовують у рятувальних місіях, вперше вони були задіяні для рятувальних робіт після терористичного акту 11 вересня 2001 року на Ground Zero.

Космічні програми
Проєкт Mars Exploration Rover в NASA включає в себе два БНТЗ, «Спіріт» ї «Оппортьюніті», які як і раніше виходять за рамки оригінальних параметрів проєктування. Це пов'язано з надлишковими системами, ретельним поводженням і прийняттям рішень на довгостроковій основі. Марсоходи «Оппортьюніті» і «Спіріт», шестиколісні наземні апарати, що працюють на сонячній енергії, були запущені в липні 2003 року і вирушили на протилежні сторони Марса в січні 2004 року. Марсохід «Спіріт» працював номінально, поки він не потрапив у пастку глибокого піску в квітні 2009 року, що триває більш ніж 20 разів довше очікуваного. Працював більше 12 років, ніж передбачуваний термін служби у три місяці. Марсохід «К'юріосіті» вирушив на Марс у вересні 2011 року, і його первісна дворічна місія з тих пір була продовжена на невизначений термін.

Цивільні та комерційні програми
Серед цивільних застосувань БНТЗ слід вказати автоматизацію процесів у виробничих середовищах. Вони також були розроблені як автономні екскурсоводи для Музею природної історії Карнегі та Національної виставки Швейцарії.

Сільське господарство
БНТЗ є одним з типів сільськогосподарських роботів. Збиральний трактор може працювати цілодобово, що дозволяє обробляти короткі ділянки для збору врожаю. БНТЗ також використовуються для обприскування та розрідження. Вони також можуть бути використані для моніторингу здоров'я сільськогосподарських культур та худоби.

Виробництво
У виробничому середовищі БНТЗ використовують для транспортування матеріалів. Вони часто автоматизовані. Аерокосмічні підприємства використовують ці машини для точного позиціювання та транспортування важких, великогабаритних деталей між виробничими станціями, що є менш трудомістким, ніж використання великих кранів, і дозволяє уникати залучення людей до небезпечних зон.

Гірнича справа
БНТЗ можуть бути використані для проходження та картування тунелів. Об'єднавши радарні, лазерні та візуальні датчики, БНТЗ здійснюють 3D-картографування у відкритих шахтних рудниках.

Постачання
У системі управління складами БНТЗ мають широкий спектр використання: перевезення та розкладання вантажів за допомогою автономних вантажопідйомних пристроїв, сканування та інвентаризація.

Аварійне реагування
БНТЗ використовуються в багатьох надзвичайних ситуаціях, включаючи пошуково-рятувальні операції, пожежогасіння та реагування на ядерну зброю. Після аварії 2011 року на Фукусімській АЕС-1 в Японії  БНТЗ використовувалися  для картографування та структурної оцінки в районах з надмірним випромінюванням, що підтверджують присутність людини.

Військове використання
Використання військових БНТЗ врятувало багато життів. Гаджети включають в себе знешкодження вибухонебезпечних предметів, таких як міни, навантаження важких предметів, ремонт техніки в умовах безперервної атаки супротивника. Кількість роботів, використовуваних в Іраку, зросла зі 150 одиниць у 2004 році до 5000 у 2005, на кінець 2005 року вони знешкодили понад 1000 придорожніх вибухових пристроїв (Carafano & Gudgel, 2007). До 2013 року армія США закупила 7000 таких машин, 750 були знищені.
Військові використовують технологію БНТЗ для розробки роботів, оснащених кулеметами і гранатометами, які можуть замінити солдатів.

Див. також
 Бойовий робот
 «Маркер»
 Уран-9

Примітки

Список літератури

 Carafano, J., & Gudgel, A. (2007). The Pentagon's robots: Arming the future [Electronic version]. Backgrounder 2093, 1–6.
 Gage, Douglas W. UGV History 101: A Brief History of Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) Development Efforts. San Diego: Naval Ocean Systems Center, 1995. Print.
 Singer, P. (2009a). Military robots and the laws of war [Electronic version]. The New Atlantis: A Journal of Technology and Society, 23, 25–45.
 Singer, P. (2009b). Wired for war: The robotics revolution and conflict in the 21st century. New York: Penguin Group.

Зовнішні посилання
 Unmanned Ground Vehicles, Intelligent Vehicle Systems, Southwest Research Institute.
 Unmanned Ground Vehicle/ RGIT Workshop 2011
 How Military Robots Work
 Unmanned and Downrange Technology Today, Summer 2012.
 Small Unit Mobility Enhancement Technology (SUMET)

Безпілотні наземні апарати
Безпілотні апарати
Наземна техніка


The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) finds that the months of May, June, July and August are the times when teenage drivers are at most risk of dying in a car accident. Sadly, the car accident data reveals that teenagers between the ages of 15 to 19 are nearly twice as likely to be in a fatal motor vehicle accident in the summer months compared with the other months of the year. And, for every mile driven, a teenager is three times likely to be involved in a fatal crash than all other driver.
We saw these teen safety tips on Market Watch provided by Auto Trader.com which we thought were worth restating here.
Choose the right car — Make sure your teen is driving a car rated for safety. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety as a Top Safety Picks web-site which can help you determine which vehicles fare the best in safety test.
Enforce safety belt rules — Let your teen know that if you catch them driving without a safety belt, they lose their driving privileges. Seat belts save lives and a person who uses one cuts their risk of dying in a car accident by half. According to the NHTSA, 68% of teenage drivers killed in nighttime driving accidents were not wearing seatbelts.
Properly maintain your vehicle — Car maintenance is important especially making sure tires have enough tread and are properly inflated as well as monitoring brake and steering fluids.
Enforce graduated driver license rules — Washington state has a graduated driver's license which prohibits a teenage driver with a newly minted driver's license to drive with a passenger who is not a family member for the first six months. In addition, teenagers are prohibited from driving late at night. Discuss these rules with your teenage driver.
Distracted driving — Discuss the dangers of distracted driving with your teen.
Cruise Control — Counsel your teen driver to limit the use of cruise control to long trips and to avoid the usage at night so that the driver stays alert.
Call us Toll Free at 1-800-244-9087 or use our online Contact Form.


During his tour, the government leader visited Ben Thanh Station, the Opera House Station and an underground section of the 19.7-kilometre rail line.
Speaking with officers and workers at the construction site, PM Phuc praised the efforts of the Ho Chi Minh City authorities and parties concerned in ensuring the progress, quality and safety of the project.
He stated that the government has allowed HCMC to adjust the total construction costs so that the city can be proactive in carrying out the project.
The PM emphasised that the central government and HCMC will ensure adequate funding so that the line will be completed as planned.
Currently nearly 2,000 workers are working at the construction site and thus far more than 63% of the work has been completed. The line is scheduled to commence services in 2021.
The Line 1 trains will run 17.1 kilometres on elevated tracks and 2.6 kilometres underground through a total of 14 stations, including three situated underground.


Piezo switch based on a solid-state output, providing a very long service life. Ideal for demanding applications which require reliability.
The completely closed and flat control surface prevents liquids or other foreign substances from entering. This allows a thorough surface cleaning in the medical or in the food processing industry.


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Q: In iOS , What functions are running before the launch screen shows Sometimes , when I click my app icon on desktop , it keeps highlighted for a period of time , 1~2 seconds , then the app opens and shows the launch screen.
I've no idea how to decrease the waiting time.
So I want to know in this period of time , what did the app do ?
What functions are running before the launch screen shows ?

A: It sounds to me like you are doing a lot in the viewDidLoad function of your initial viewController of your main storyboard. This will cause the launch screen to stay on screen until that functionality has finished.
You can fix this by putting that functionality into a background thread if it's not essential that it has finished before the viewController is presented.

A: Check didFinishLaunchingWithOptions Method, if you have kept any timer there.
Generally it is an OS issue if it happens rarely, however if it happens every time you open the app, it has to be issue in following methods:
applicationWillEnterForeground
applicationDidBecomeActive

A: didFinishLaunchingWithOptions calls first of all. So make sure that you have made all the processing task on background threads. So that it will not block the main threads and calls the makeKeyAndVisible function on the Application to launch the app fast. Hope this helps.

A: Please check if you are doing some time consuming task on app startup - viewDidLoad, viewWillAppear delegate methods....
Do any time consuming task on the viewDidAppear also it would be great to do it on different thread(if not a UI related stuff).

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


We went to a place recently that I'd like to share with you. It almost seems like a far away land, one of which I've read in a book of fairyland or heard of in a dream. It is so beautiful, I long for these days when I return to the routines of mundane.
When I stand at the top of this mountain, I feel like I can fly. I feel as if I've been snatched away from this earthly home, from the care and the concerns, from the responsibilities and burdens of this life. I feel as if no harm, no evil, no danger can come my way.
It is a place of beauty, a place of tranquility, a place of senrene peace. My heart longs for it when I am away. My soul yearns for its return.


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Knocking on the door of World War IV – Part 3 of the World War IV Series
In this five-part series, I explore the development and scope of what I have termed World War IV. This series is based on my presentation at the CDA Institute Roundtable "Knocking on the Door of World War IV," held in Ottawa on 10 June 2015.
Prominent German columnist Theo Sommer, writing in Die Zeit, recently argued that the West had nothing to fear from Russia and should stop "rattling its swords." With the Soviet Union's end, he observed, Russia lost one-quarter of its territory, one-half of its population, and a significant portion of its wealth. He noted that its army, which counted four million soldiers in Soviet times, now numbers three-quarters of a million. What is more, Western experts are divided on the question of how many could be moved into or close to a combat zone, such as the thousands of Russian troops deployed over the past year alongside or over the Ukrainian border. Some sources place these numbers at around 80,000, which is many more than most NATO members can field.
That said, Russian President Vladimir Putin probably means it when he says that anyone who attacked NATO would have to have his head examined. From this, I think we can safely conclude that Russian Forces will not launch a frontal attack on NATO if it is clear to the Kremlin that Alliance members are ready to honour their security guarantees under Article V of the Washington Treaty.
But are they? A recent Pew poll has shown that less than 50 percent of publics in six out of eight larger NATO member countries would be in favour of using military forces if a NATO ally became involved in a major military altercation with Russia. Germany came last in the group of eight countries polled. The US and Canada were the only two countries that polled over 50 percent. But just how far would the two North American states be prepared to go if their main European partners seemed less than prepared to intervene on behalf of an ally, let alone a partnering state such as Ukraine?
So, President Putin can be forgiven for doubting whether Alliance solidarity would be engaged if he launched an action of the type that he did in East Ukraine in the Baltic states, where there are large Russian populations and very small national defence forces. NATO is preparing to correct this over the next year or so by prepositioning equipment, establishing local command centres and increasing the number of troops that can be rapidly deployed towards its eastern front.
If confirmed, this will undoubtedly give the Russian President food for thought. My suspicion, however, is that he has another ace or two up his sleeve, namely to leverage the conflicts underway in two other major regions of the world, as described in Part 2 of my blog post series.
The first ace is the Islamic State of Iraq and al-Sham (ISIS). Within a year or so, this competitor of Al-Qaeda has managed to occupy huge expanses of territory in Syria and Iraq, build a war chest of about a billion dollars, and attract some twenty thousand jihadists from outside the region to help establish a new caliphate. ISIS is potentially a threat to Assad's Syria and the Mullahs' Iran but even further afield to Russia, given its fifteen to twenty million strong Muslim population, and even China given its thirty million strong and largely alienated Muslim community in the country's western reaches.
For the time being, however, both Assad and Putin – and even China – have an interest in ISIS continuing its surge. First, ISIS can help weaken or destroy the Free Syrian Army and the Nusra Front, the two main forces aiming to remove President Assad. Second, ISIS with its mediatized beheadings and mass murders against Shiites and minorities makes Assad "look good" and may bring some key western countries around to accepting Assad as the lesser evil, an eventuality that would confirm the position that Russia and China have taken on this conflict from the start. And third, a strong ISIS absorbs the West's energy and attention, correspondingly reducing their capacity to address issues in and around Ukraine.
The situation in Iraq is more complex but not dissimilar. What we observe in Iraq is an increasingly fragile state where realities on the ground are pushing it towards at best a kind of proto-federalism and at worst disintegration into three states. Iran, through the support it has given to the Shiite-dominated government in Bagdad, seems to be slowly but surely creating another pro-Iranian bastion in an increasingly dangerous Middle East. At the same time, it seems rather unlikely that the Shiite-dominated Iraqi army or the Iranian-sponsored Shiite militias will be able to press significantly into Iraqi Sunni or Kurdish territory.
The provisional outcome in this theatre is one whereby Tehran notches up another foreign policy advance. This is important at a time when Iran has not only negotiated a nuclear deal with the United States and its colleagues in the P5+1, but is also talking to Russia about a transaction that would result in the sale of the S-300 air defence system, which could protect it against an Israeli or an American attack designed to take out its nuclear capacity.
So, Moscow is potentially sitting pretty. Up to a point, it "owns" Damascus and Baghdad. And its actions have at the same time helped to strengthen ISIS in both countries, forcing Westerners and above all Americans to focus on a second crisis area, dissipating their efforts in the European theater in the process. I would also not exclude the possibility of back channels between Russia and ISIS on an agreement that would see Russia use its influence with Damascus and Tehran to leave Sunni-areas dominated by ISIS to its control in return for ISIS agreeing to refrain from establishing new chapters of its Caliphate on Russian territory.
Vladimir Putin's second ace is the People's Republic of China. Some five years ago, Moscow launched its pivot to Asia, roughly coinciding with the unveiling of a similar initiative by the US. In the interim, Russia-China cooperation has increased significantly. Moscow has expanded its commercial and energy exchanges with Beijing. China was one of the few countries to send soldiers to Moscow to commemorate the Russian/Soviet victory in World War II earlier this year. The two countries have carried out joint manoeuvres, including in the Eastern Mediterranean – and so on.
In parallel, the United States has worked to improve the bilateral relationship with China at the same time as it strengthen ties with Japan, South Korea, and the six regional states embroiled in tensions with Beijing over maritime boundaries in the South China Sea.
How much of the Sino-Russian linkage is show, how much is substance? Both Russia and China share an interest in weakening what they see as a unipolar world dominated by the United States even if their interests are far from identical. I suspect Russia would be more than happy to see a worsening of the security situation in and around the East/South China Seas, as this would compel the Americans to divert attention away from the European theatre. Similarly, China would likely welcome a deteriorating situation in Europe, which would reduce US capacity to deal with the situation in Asia. Of course, both Russia and China would probably prefer that ISIS became such a threat to the status quo in the Muslim world that this would obviate any Western effort to deal with developments in their respective regions, without of course putting themselves at risk.
In summary, Vladimir Putin, to make his game in Europe, needs to help create other fronts that preoccupy his adversaries and soak up their energies. He is roughly half way there.
There is nothing new about such machinations. Strategic slight and shifting alliances have been part and parcel of all the great wars of the twentieth century. We should not be surprised to see them in action again. But we also need to be clear about the fact that we are engaged in a process that risks descending into another world war. By my reckoning this would be the fourth in the last hundred years – as I outline in Part 1 of this blog post series.
David Law, a former Head of the NATO Policy Planning Unit, is currently a Senior Associate with the Kitchener-based Security Governance Group, and a Senior Fellow with it sister organization, the Centre for Security Governance.
(Image courtesy of Dmitry Lovetsky/AP.)
#democracy #China #EU #Geopolitics #MENA #NationalRegionalGovernanceandSecurity #NATO #Russia #worldwar

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


False alarm! Teen Mom 2 fans were in a frenzy after Jenelle Evans' ex-fiancé Nathan Griffith seemingly proposed to his girlfriend. Many thought it was a stunt to draw attention away from Jenelle, who is set to get married this weekend, and now, the Teen Mom 2 star's girlfriend is setting the record straight. Check out the video to get the full scoop!
Meanwhile, Nathan and Jenelle have been going through a particularly rocky patch as of late. The two share a three-year-old son, Kaiser, and they're currently disputing over custody, as Nathan's mom has claimed that Jenelle's youngest, eight-month-old daughter Ensley, tested positive for marijuana at birth. Jenelle has since fired back at Nathan's mom Doris, insisting that Kaiser has returned from her care with bruises on his behind.
Following Jenelle's accusations, it would appear that Kai will not be able to attend his mom's wedding to David Eason since this weekend, as he's supposed to be with his father. Despite the negativity, it would appear that Jenelle isn't letting her spirits get crushed. On Instagram, she shared a photo from a special shoot she did for her fiancé, and wrote that "Love is in the air" with less than a week to go!
Well, it looks like everyone has reasons to celebrate. Congrats, all!


Indian actress Priyanka Chopra, has now set her eyes in Nepal. No, she is not acting in our movies rather her production house Purple Pebble Picture is producing a Sikkimese-Nepali based film, Pauna: The Little Visitor in which actress Manju KC Chhetri will be seen in a key role. If reports are to be believed, not only KC but a number of other Nepali faces would star in the movie. BBA student, Chhetri has already acted in an array of music videos and has been part of a popular Nepali comedy serial Meri Bassai.


text:
#ifndef NATIVE_AUDIO_BUF_MANAGER_H
#define NATIVE_AUDIO_BUF_MANAGER_H
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <SLES/OpenSLES.h>
#include <atomic>
#include <cassert>
#include <memory>
#include <limits>

#ifndef CACHE_ALIGN
#define CACHE_ALIGN 64
#endif

/*
 * ProducerConsumerQueue, borrowed from Ian NiLewis
 */
template <typename T>
class ProducerConsumerQueue {
 public:
  explicit ProducerConsumerQueue(int size)
      : ProducerConsumerQueue(size, new T[size]) {}

  explicit ProducerConsumerQueue(int size, T* buffer)
      : size_(size), buffer_(buffer) {
    // This is necessary because we depend on twos-complement wraparound
    // to take care of overflow conditions.
    assert(size < std::numeric_limits<int>::max());
  }

  bool push(const T& item) {
    return push([&](T* ptr) -> bool {
      *ptr = item;
      return true;
    });
  }

  // get() is idempotent between calls to commit().
  T* getWriteablePtr() {
    T* result = nullptr;

    bool check __attribute__((unused));  //= false;

    check = push([&](T* head) -> bool {
      result = head;
      return false;  // don't increment
    });

    // if there's no space, result should not have been set, and vice versa
    assert(check == (result != nullptr));

    return result;
  }

  bool commitWriteablePtr(T* ptr) {
    bool result = push([&](T* head) -> bool {
      // this writer func does nothing, because we assume that the caller
      // has already written to *ptr after acquiring it from a call to get().
      // So just double-check that ptr is actually at the write head, and
      // return true to indicate that it's safe to advance.

      // if this isn't the same pointer we got from a call to get(), then
      // something has gone terribly wrong. Either there was an intervening
      // call to push() or commit(), or the pointer is spurious.
      assert(ptr == head);
      return true;
    });
    return result;
  }

  // writer() can return false, which indicates that the caller
  // of push() changed its mind while writing (e.g. ran out of bytes)
  template <typename F>
  bool push(const F& writer) {
    bool result = false;
    int readptr = read_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
    int writeptr = write_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

    // note that while readptr and writeptr will eventually
    // wrap around, taking their difference is still valid as
    // long as size_ < MAXINT.
    int space = size_ - (int)(writeptr - readptr);
    if (space >= 1) {
      result = true;

      // writer
      if (writer(buffer_.get() + (writeptr % size_))) {
        ++writeptr;
        write_.store(writeptr, std::memory_order_release);
      }
    }
    return result;
  }
  // front out the queue, but not pop-out
  bool front(T* out_item) {
    return front([&](T* ptr) -> bool {
      *out_item = *ptr;
      return true;
    });
  }

  void pop(void) {
    int readptr = read_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);
    ++readptr;
    read_.store(readptr, std::memory_order_release);
  }

  template <typename F>
  bool front(const F& reader) {
    bool result = false;

    int writeptr = write_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
    int readptr = read_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

    // As above, wraparound is ok
    int available = (int)(writeptr - readptr);
    if (available >= 1) {
      result = true;
      reader(buffer_.get() + (readptr % size_));
    }

    return result;
  }
  uint32_t size(void) {
    int writeptr = write_.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
    int readptr = read_.load(std::memory_order_relaxed);

    return (uint32_t)(writeptr - readptr);
  }

 private:
  int size_;
  std::unique_ptr<T> buffer_;

  // forcing cache line alignment to eliminate false sharing of the
  // frequently-updated read and write pointers. The object is to never
  // let these get into the "shared" state where they'd cause a cache miss
  // for every write.
  alignas(CACHE_ALIGN) std::atomic<int> read_{0};
  alignas(CACHE_ALIGN) std::atomic<int> write_{0};
};

struct sample_buf {
  uint8_t* buf_;   // audio sample container
  uint32_t cap_;   // buffer capacity in byte
  uint32_t size_;  // audio sample size (n buf) in byte
};

using AudioQueue = ProducerConsumerQueue<sample_buf*>;

__inline__ void releaseSampleBufs(sample_buf* bufs, uint32_t& count) {
  if (!bufs || !count) {
    return;
  }
  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    if (bufs[i].buf_) delete[] bufs[i].buf_;
  }
  delete[] bufs;
}
__inline__ sample_buf* allocateSampleBufs(uint32_t count, uint32_t sizeInByte) {
  if (count <= 0 || sizeInByte <= 0) {
    return nullptr;
  }
  sample_buf* bufs = new sample_buf[count];
  assert(bufs);
  memset(bufs, 0, sizeof(sample_buf) * count);

  uint32_t allocSize = (sizeInByte + 3) & ~3;  // padding to 4 bytes aligned
  uint32_t i;
  for (i = 0; i < count; i++) {
    bufs[i].buf_ = new uint8_t[allocSize];
    if (bufs[i].buf_ == nullptr) {
      LOGW("====Requesting %d buffers, allocated %d in %s", count, i,
           __FUNCTION__);
      break;
    }
    bufs[i].cap_ = sizeInByte;
    bufs[i].size_ = 0;  // 0 data in it
  }
  if (i < 2) {
    releaseSampleBufs(bufs, i);
    bufs = nullptr;
  }
  count = i;
  return bufs;
}

#endif  // NATIVE_AUDIO_BUF_MANAGER_H

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


With a free 'SANTA STOP HERE' sign to cut out and keep, this picture book is the perfect laugh-out-loud Christmas gift. When Santa's house at the North Pole explodes, a regular family welcome him into their home with open arms. But Santa is NOT an easy houseguest - his elves take over the house, the reindeer poo everywhere and Santa even starts a flood!


Info Description: Stealth and cunning is the key.. Kill all the guards without being seen! The best way to kill the guards is when they have their back turned on you. Try to time your attacks. Look out for traps.
Instructions: Move Left, Right - arrow keys, jump - Up key, attack A,S,D keys.


text:
package org.apache.spark.streaming.kafka010;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Random;

import org.apache.kafka.common.serialization.StringDeserializer;
import org.apache.kafka.common.TopicPartition;
import org.apache.kafka.clients.consumer.ConsumerRecord;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Assert;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;

import org.apache.spark.SparkConf;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaRDD;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.JavaSparkContext;
import org.apache.spark.api.java.function.Function;

public class JavaKafkaRDDSuite implements Serializable {
  private transient JavaSparkContext sc = null;
  private transient KafkaTestUtils kafkaTestUtils = null;

  @Before
  public void setUp() {
    kafkaTestUtils = new KafkaTestUtils();
    kafkaTestUtils.setup();
    SparkConf sparkConf = new SparkConf()
      .setMaster("local[4]").setAppName(this.getClass().getSimpleName());
    sc = new JavaSparkContext(sparkConf);
  }

  @After
  public void tearDown() {
    if (sc != null) {
      sc.stop();
      sc = null;
    }

    if (kafkaTestUtils != null) {
      kafkaTestUtils.teardown();
      kafkaTestUtils = null;
    }
  }

  @Test
  public void testKafkaRDD() throws InterruptedException {
    String topic1 = "topic1";
    String topic2 = "topic2";

    Random random = new Random();

    createTopicAndSendData(topic1);
    createTopicAndSendData(topic2);

    Map<String, Object> kafkaParams = new HashMap<>();
    kafkaParams.put("bootstrap.servers", kafkaTestUtils.brokerAddress());
    kafkaParams.put("key.deserializer", StringDeserializer.class);
    kafkaParams.put("value.deserializer", StringDeserializer.class);
    kafkaParams.put("group.id", "java-test-consumer-" + random.nextInt() +
      "-" + System.currentTimeMillis());

    OffsetRange[] offsetRanges = {
      OffsetRange.create(topic1, 0, 0, 1),
      OffsetRange.create(topic2, 0, 0, 1)
    };

    Map<TopicPartition, String> leaders = new HashMap<>();
    String[] hostAndPort = kafkaTestUtils.brokerAddress().split(":");
    String broker = hostAndPort[0];
    leaders.put(offsetRanges[0].topicPartition(), broker);
    leaders.put(offsetRanges[1].topicPartition(), broker);

    Function<ConsumerRecord<String, String>, String> handler = ConsumerRecord::value;

    JavaRDD<String> rdd1 = KafkaUtils.<String, String>createRDD(
        sc,
        kafkaParams,
        offsetRanges,
        LocationStrategies.PreferFixed(leaders)
    ).map(handler);

    JavaRDD<String> rdd2 = KafkaUtils.<String, String>createRDD(
        sc,
        kafkaParams,
        offsetRanges,
        LocationStrategies.PreferConsistent()
    ).map(handler);

    // just making sure the java user APIs work; the scala tests handle logic corner cases
    long count1 = rdd1.count();
    long count2 = rdd2.count();
    Assert.assertTrue(count1 > 0);
    Assert.assertEquals(count1, count2);
  }

  private  String[] createTopicAndSendData(String topic) {
    String[] data = { topic + "-1", topic + "-2", topic + "-3"};
    kafkaTestUtils.createTopic(topic);
    kafkaTestUtils.sendMessages(topic, data);
    return data;
  }
}


text:
CURE Store
About Childhood Cancer
Alex Cawood's Universe
Anna's Angel Fund
Anna Charles Hollis Fund
Blackberry Smoke Fund
Carlos S. Alvarado, MD Pediatric Cancer Research Fund
Catie's Fund
Creedlove Fund
Jack's Fund
Team Alexa Fighting Back
The Sam Robb Fund
Trenton W. Kindred Research Fund
United for a CURE
Young Professional Leadership Council
Fiscal Responsibility
Scientific Advisory Council
Early Outreach
Family Emergency Fund
Open Arms Meal Program
Formulario de Nuevo Paciente
Childhood Cancer Awareness Month
Memories of Dr. Ragab by Tee Bridges
In the Spring of 1981, I was 15 years-old. My first memory of walking into the Emory Pediatric Clinic (which was a glorified trailer) was seeing a boy around my age with a bald head and wondering, "Is that going to be me?"
After what seemed like hours of testing and several discussions with a doctor I could not understand, the nurse entered the room holding a huge syringe full of red medicine. Then I met Dr. Ragab. His presence was immediately calming. That was my first impression of Dr. Ragab – confident reassurance.
Over the next two years, my memories are more of the clinic and the terrific staff that worked in pediatric hematology. Dr. Ragab and his associates created a fun environment in the clinic: people laughed and shared together. It seems impossible, but before a lumbar aspiration or a bone marrow testing procedure, there was laughter. An atmosphere of happiness and hope was ever-present. From Miss Sidney, the "play lady", who kept the young kids busy, to the nurses who were always interested in my social life, the place where we received our medicine was surprisingly not horrible. Such an environment does not occur by accident; it is created by a caring leader. That leader was Dr. Ragab.
Dr. Ragab was more than a physician who treated my cancer – he took an interest in me. He became a person I trusted for guidance after my treatment was completed. We played racquetball, tennis and shared meals at the local pizzeria. To this day, I do not understand how he was victorious on the courts – but at least he bought my dinner afterwards!
Seven years after my treatment, a nodule appeared on my thyroid. Not knowing what to do, I called Dr. Ragab's office. He stopped what he was doing and took my call. I cried. He consoled me and directed my case to the best thoracic surgeon at Emory. He even followed up during my hospitalization and treatment. I was not his patient, but Dr. Ragab still provided that same confident reassurance.
Oddly enough, I remember the years at the Emory Clinic fondly. I was one of the lucky survivors. My life has been enriched by experiences and friendships related to the Emory Clinic, CURE, and Camp Sunshine. Dr. Ragab was an excellent physician, childhood cancer advocate, and the founder of CURE Childhood Cancer. He was my doctor, mentor, and friend. He remains one of the most influential people in my life. His unmistakable laugh, guidance, and positive outlook will always be with me.
In three short years, the Believe Ball has raised more than $2.7 million to further CURE Childhood Cancer's mission to find cures for cancers which affect children and to provide critical support to patients and their families. Every year, we honor someone who has made a significant impact on our mission and the children we serve. This year, we are proud to honor CURE's founder, Dr. Abdel Ragab, for his lifelong dedication to finding a cure for childhood cancer.
In 1975 when Dr. Ragab arrived in Atlanta, he immediately realized an urgent need for a special microscope to distinguish between types of leukemia in order to put patients on the correct protocol. He organized a group of his patients' parents to begin raising money and CURE was formed. What started as a research lab in a temporary trailer has grown into a top ten pediatric cancer research center. Dr. Ragab's dedication and vision for children battling cancer was the very foundation upon which this great institution has been built.
Please consider being a part of a special tribute to Dr. Ragab by making a donation in his honor. We will surprise Dr. Ragab with the tribute gift total on May 13, 2017 at the 4th annual Believe Ball.
Tee in the summer of 1981
Tee at Camp Sunshine, 1983
Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on LinkedIn Share on Pinterest Share on Email
CURE Childhood Cancer
200 Ashford Center North, Suite 250
CURE Childhood Cancer is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization, IRS identification number 58-1244138.
© 2022 CURE Childhood Cancer. | ALL RIGHTS RESERVED | LEGAL


Patient One Flush-Free Niacin supplies 500 mg niacin per capsule from a potent serving of 625 mg inositol hexanicotinate, a compound of nicotinic acid (niacin) with inositol. This compound consists of six molecules of niacin and one molecule of inositol. Taken orally, the niacin releases slowly, thereby minimizing the likelihood of "niacin flush." Because niacin releases histamine and causes capillary dilation which may cause a flushing of the skin, Patient One Niacin 500 mg is designed to promote patient compliance by minimizing this flushing sensation.
Niacin is a water-soluble B vitamin that is involved in nearly all aspects of energy metabolism. Its coenzymes (NAD and NADP) assist in the metabolic processes surrounding the breakdown and utilization of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. It is most commonly used to support cardiovascular wellness but has also shown benefits for circulatory wellness, blood health and nervous system health.
Evidence suggests that inositol hexanicotinate may have a beneficial effect on endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Improvements in blood flow are therapeutically important in conditions resulting from peripheral vascular insufficiency, such as Raynaud's and leg cramping.
O'Hara J, Jolly PN, Nicol CG. The therapeutic efficacy of inositol nicotinate (Hexopal) in intermittent claudication: a controlled trial. Br J Clin Pract. 1988; 42:377–383.
Ring EF, Bacon PA. Quantitative thermographic assessment of inositol nicotinate therapy in Raynaud's phenomena. J Int Med Res. 1977;5:217–222.
Gurakar A, Hoeg JM, Kostner G, et al. Levels of lipoprotein Lp(a) decline with neomycin and niacin treatment. Atherosclerosis. 1985;57:293–301.
Benjó AM, Maranhão RC, Coimbra SR, et al. Accumulation of chylomicron remnants and impaired vascular reactivity occur in subjects with isolated low HDL cholesterol: effects of niacin treatment. Atherosclerosis. 2006;187:116–122.
FREE OF milk, egg, fish, peanuts, crustacean shellfish (lobster, crab, shrimp), soybeans, tree nuts, wheat, yeast, gluten and artificial sweeteners, flavors, colors and preservatives. This product is FREE OF ingredients derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
Take 1 vegetable capsule 2 to 4 times daily in divided doses with a meal as a dietary supplement or as directed by a qualified health care professional.
If you are pregnant, nursing, or taking any medications, consult your doctor before use. Niacin has been reported to cause liver inflammation in some individuals, when taken at a daily dose of more than 500 mg. It is recommended to monitor liver enzymes in individuals taking this product. Niacin in combination with cholesterol medications may adversely affect muscles. It may counter the effects of some diabetes medications. Consult your physician for more information. Discontinue use and consult doctor if any adverse reactions occur.


The X-WAV 2.4-2.5 GHz Flat Panel antennas offer a superior solution for a variety of WiFi applications. This Right-Hand Circular Polarized design allows the X-WAV signal to travel regardless of obstacles such as trees, walls, and buildings. The X-WAV design also helps prevent multipath interference or noisy signals, with the added benefit for enhanced interoperability with conventional systems. The XW-24I-FPS11 has a flat panel rectangular radome design.


text:
Q: Input validation ReactJS I want to try validating my input. On ReactJS component (not container)

<form id="aform" onSubmit={this.props.submit} className={classes}>
 <label> Name:
  <input name="name" type="text" onChange={this.props.changed} value={this.props.value} defaultValue={this.props.slug}/>
 </label>
  <label>
  Description:
  <input typ="text" name="description" onChange={this.props.changed} value={this.props.value} defaultValue={this.props.description}/>
 </label>
 <input type="submit" value="Submit" onClick={this.cancelCourse}/>
</form>

In the above code snippet, I am making a form with a submit. I want to disable the submit button depending on the length of the name input. I can't find a good way where the reference is within the component. So the goal is to validate only within the component, using an if else statement that references to the input name.

A: You can use the disabled prop:
<input type="submit" value="Submit" disabled={this.props.value.length < 10} onClick={this.cancelCourse}  />


What Is a PCI QIR?
IMAGINE THIS: You are at the top of your PCI compliance game. Your payment application is PA-DSS compliant. You completed your PCI self-assessment questionnaire. Above all, you treat compliance like the continuous process that it is. Thieves and hackers don't stand a chance.
BUT WAIT. Who installed your point-of-sale system? Who set up your network and provides your business with IT support? Do they take PCI DSS compliance as seriously as you? For example, did they use unique and strong passwords when creating accounts for you? Is the remote access always available or activated only when needed? Do they apply all security patches and updates to all software when it's available?
The PCI Security Standards Council shares your skepticism. For good reason. Cybercriminals are targeting Value Added Resellers (VARs), dealers and solution providers who implement, configure and support payment applications on behalf of small businesses. So in 2012, the PCI Security Standards Council created the Qualified Integrators and Resellers Program ("QIR Program") to ensure that payment applications support compliance with the PCI DSS.
For businesses like yours, the QIR program allows you to easily identify and engage a qualified professional to install and support PA-DSS validated payment applications such as point-of-sale systems. You can rest easier knowing that your PCI-certified QIR professional is playing by the same rules as you regarding PCI compliance.
The once-optional program is now a requirement. As of March 2016, Visa started requiring all new small businesses (Level 4 merchants) to use only PCI-certified QIR professionals.
The deadline for existing small businesses was January 31, 2017, to make the switch to a PCI-certified QIR professional or for their existing provider to become QIR certified.
Installing and configuring PA-DSS validated payment applications into customer environments in a manner that supports PCI DSS compliance.
Ensuring that the installations facilitate businesses' PCI DSS compliance efforts.
Ensuring installations and configurations of PA-DSS validated Payment Applications are in accordance with the applicable PA-DSS Implementation Guide in a manner which supports PCI DSS compliance.
Providing the customer with a completed QIR Implementation Statement after installation and configuration of a PA-DSS validated application. (Note: this should be provided to you within 10 business days after the installation is complete).
Documenting any potential risks to PCI DSS compliance identified by the QIR Employee in the QIR Implementation Statement.
Maintaining a quality assurance program that includes vetting of employees involved in Qualified Installations, personnel training and education on PCI DSS and applicable PA-DSS Implementation Guides.
Protecting confidential and sensitive information.
Supporting any PFI forensic investigations in which the application the QIR installed at a customer environment may be involved.
Servicing the payment applications (for example, troubleshooting, delivering remote updates and providing remote support) if engaged to do so, according to the PA-DSS Implementation Guide and PCI DSS.
Solution providers become certified by registering and paying for the program on the PCI Security Standards Council's website, studying the course material that includes videos, guides, checklists, etc., and passing the exam at an on-site training center. Companies and professionals must re-qualify every three years. You can search for a PCI QIR here.


How did these words make you feel? Are they helpful to remember? Why?
What do you feel is missing fro their list? What truth do you cling to shake you from sin, to return you to the Gospel and your identity in Christ, and to motivate you to live the life Christ has set before us?


-Quality is our first priority.
-Easy, almost odorless, we use only an organic texture to protect your health.
-Color will keep shine up to 30 days.
Step 1. Clean nails then separate the nail surface as a normal manicure process.
Step 4. Apply polish directly, treatment with UV lamp for 2-3 minutes or treatment by an LED lamp for 60 seconds; when drying Apply 2 layers and cure with a lamp or LED light Again.
Step 5. A coat with a removable top layer, Which can make the color more radiant, then cured by a UV lamp or LED-lamp.
Step 6. Clean the surface of the nails with a file for washing. Note: Avoid using non-specialized cleaning fluids, as they may interfere with the quality of the final coat shine.
Step 2. The whole piece of enamel nail gently on each nail.
1. Avoid all contact with skin. If redness or other signs of adverse reactions occur, stop using immediately.
2. Keep tightly sealed. Stay away from sunlight. Stay away from children.
3. Please note that due to various lighting and computer displays, the actual coloring may differ slightly from the picture.


text:
<<<<<<< HEAD
<<<<<<< HEAD
npm-run-script(1) -- Run arbitrary package scripts
==================================================

## SYNOPSIS

    npm run-script [<pkg>] [command]
    npm run [<pkg>] [command]

## DESCRIPTION

This runs an arbitrary command from a package's `"scripts"` object.
If no package name is provided, it will search for a `package.json`
in the current folder and use its `"scripts"` object. If no `"command"`
is provided, it will list the available top level scripts.

It is used by the test, start, restart, and stop commands, but can be
called directly, as well.

## SEE ALSO

* npm-scripts(7)
* npm-test(1)
* npm-start(1)
* npm-restart(1)
* npm-stop(1)
=======
npm-run-script(1) -- Run arbitrary package scripts
==================================================

## SYNOPSIS

    npm run-script [<pkg>] [command]
    npm run [<pkg>] [command]

## DESCRIPTION

This runs an arbitrary command from a package's `"scripts"` object.
If no package name is provided, it will search for a `package.json`
in the current folder and use its `"scripts"` object. If no `"command"`
is provided, it will list the available top level scripts.

It is used by the test, start, restart, and stop commands, but can be
called directly, as well.

## SEE ALSO

* npm-scripts(7)
* npm-test(1)
* npm-start(1)
* npm-restart(1)
* npm-stop(1)
>>>>>>> b875702c9c06ab5012e52ff4337439b03918f453
=======
npm-run-script(1) -- Run arbitrary package scripts
==================================================

## SYNOPSIS

    npm run-script [<pkg>] [command]
    npm run [<pkg>] [command]

## DESCRIPTION

This runs an arbitrary command from a package's `"scripts"` object.
If no package name is provided, it will search for a `package.json`
in the current folder and use its `"scripts"` object. If no `"command"`
is provided, it will list the available top level scripts.

It is used by the test, start, restart, and stop commands, but can be
called directly, as well.

## SEE ALSO

* npm-scripts(7)
* npm-test(1)
* npm-start(1)
* npm-restart(1)
* npm-stop(1)
>>>>>>> b875702c9c06ab5012e52ff4337439b03918f453


I was aware of the blog when it was alive because I blogged about ideas for a new project and Krista — who would become my co-conspirator in the new project — left a comment linking to their site. I remember wishing I could see larger versions of some of their diptychs, but they maddeningly didn't include links to larger versions.
I sort of got my wish with this book — some of the photographs are printed across two pages. Images appear in different sizes throughout the book, with some not much more than thumbnails, others in medium size, a few blown up in detail for section markers, and the quiet luxury of the two-page wide diptychs. This isn't a traditional coffee table format photography book, it's more intimate than that, a smaller trade paperback size with raised dots of texture on the cover. The overall softness serves the book well, the matte fits the photos better than glossy pages would.
There are remarkable similarities in these paired images: over and over again the morning light, but also the composition, the subject matter… Mav and Stephanie (as they are known online) capture quiet moments, where they remain still for us to observe, wonder, and dream about.
There are birds and baked goods and spider webs and coffee mugs and windows: an endless supply of dailiness to select from. It might not have felt like it to them at the time, but the two were exercising editorial vision, choosing which moment from the morning to record and share. It is a year of seasons, starting with winter in January, and pushing things a bit too far by ending in December and calling it fall.


Jehovah (Yahweh) of old walked in Eden and held communion with Adam. He visited the patriarchs, the fathers of the nation, but He never had a home on earth until the Tabernacle was erected in the midst of His redeemed people.
(1) What is a Tabernacle?
The Tabernacle was the Place of the Divine Presence. When the tabernacle was finished, the glory of Jehovah so filled the sacred enclosure that Moses, the mediator, could not enter (Exodus 40:35).
(2) Why was the Tabernacle built?
The Tabernacle was to meet a Divine Purpose. Moses didn't build a tabernacle and then invite God to come into it. Instead, it was God who conceived the plan and instructed Moses on how it was to be built, for He desired to dwell among His redeemed and chosen people.
(3) How was the Tabernacle constructed?
The Tabernacle was constructed according to a Divine Pattern. "Look that thou make them after the pattern which was showed thee on the mount," (See Exodus 25:40). It was because these things had a spiritual meaning that they were to be made according to a heavenly pattern.
Encircled by a wall of righteousness. What was dreaded on the outside gives peace on the inside.
Supported by a foundation of divine justice. Brass sockets and pins indicating that sin had been righteously judged.
Protected by the unbroken line of redemption (silver chapters, fillers, and hooks made from the redemption silver).
Privileged to assemble with God's people and to listen to the announcements of God's word.
The Place of the Altar - The place of the altar relative to the other pieces of furniture teaches us that God comes out from the mercy-seat by way of the Table of showbread, the Golden Lamp stand, and out to the brazen altar. This is a display of the grace of God when God acts in His Sovereignty and devises the means whereby He can come out and reveal Himself to man.
The Suitability of Christ to Meet God's Claims - The substance of the altar was wood and brass and this twofold composition would set forth the perfect humanity and the deity of the Savior. This unique unity gave Him the suitability to meet God's claims. Remove His deity and His blood cannot atone. Remove His humanity and no blood remains. But this perfect combination enables Him to bear the judgment and shed His blood and so meet the righteous claims of God.
The Sufficiency of Christ to Meet Man's Need - The altar, as to its shape, was foursquare, and this would suggest a universal presentation of the cross-work of Christ. The altar, as to its size, was the largest piece of furniture in the tabernacle. The altar was capable of holding within itself every sacrifice that was commanded to be offered. So Christ, in Himself, by His one sacrifice fulfilled all the offerings, and became the answer to the sinner's need.
The Position of the Altar - The altar was positioned just inside the gate and was easily accessible. It was unavoidable and unmistakable to the approaching Israelite. This was the way of approach to God, and the sinner must come to God by way of the cross.
It Teaches the Purity of God - They who minister before the Lord must be clean. The laver warns that no defilement may approach the Lord. Every time the priest entered into the Holy Place, he must wash. Purity of the heart is a necessity for seeing God. "Without holiness no man shall see The Lord." Washing at the laver was a matter of necessity and not a matter of opinion.
It Teaches the Pollution of Man - In the inauguration of the priesthood we learn that the priest was CALLED, then CLEANSED, CLOTHED, and CONSECRATED. The priest on the day of his consecration was brought to the door of the tabernacle and washed all over with water. This washing was performed for the priest by another person. The priest had no hand in it whatsoever, and throughout the entire period of his priesthood this act was never repeated. However, the once cleansed priest could easily defile his hands and his feet. Hands speak of work and feet speak of walk, and we also like the priest in Israel, can become defiled and require cleansing our hands and our feet. The priest approaching the laver would see himself reflected both in the laver and in the water that was in the laver, thus reminding him of the need for daily cleansing. The standard of holiness as seen in the person of Christ and also revealed in the Word, teaches us the need for being clean before the Lord.
It Teaches the Provision of Christ - He, who demands purity, provides the purifying stream. The laver would be filled with water that gushed from the smitten rock. The laver then was filled with water and not with blood. The Altar was for the sinner, but the laver was for the priest. It was blood shed and sprinkled at the altar, but water to cleanse at the laver. For priestly sanctuary service the laver was indispensable, and the daily cleansing was needful. Christ revealed that in the Word is the measure of our practical cleansing. "Sanctify them through thy truth; Thy Word is truth" says John 17:17. "That He might sanctify and cleanse it with the washing of the water by The Word" (Ephesians 5:26). "Now ye are clean through the Word which I have spoken unto you" (John 15:3).
- The Badger skins - This is termed a covering, presenting Christ as the separate one. "And shod thee with badger skins" (See Ezekiel 16:10). This reference to badger skins sheds light on the meaning of this covering.
- Fine twined linen curtains Presenting Christ as the supreme one. Only the priests who functioned in the Holy Place were able to see and admire the beauty of these innermost curtains.
The solid structure of the tabernacle was composed of forty-eight boards. Twenty boards formed the North Wall and twenty boards formed the south wall. Six boards formed the west wall, plus two corner boards (or mitered boards). All these boards were made of shittim wood and overlaid with gold. Here again we have a combination of that which speaks of Christ's humanity and deity with each board expressing the same fundamental truth. Christ is seen in each board and also in the structure as a whole.
Christ's Humanity: Expressed in the Incorruptible Shittim Wood The shittim wood once grew as a tree in the desert, having an earth connection. Christ also grew as a tender plant out of the dry ground.
Christ's Deity: Expressed in the Overlay of Pure Gold Declared to be the Son of God with power, according to the Spirit of Holiness by the resurrection out from among the dead. Each board standing up and overlaid with pure gold sets forth Christ, the eternal Son, in the divine glory and dignity of His person.
Redemption: Expressed by the Silver Sockets See Exodus 30:12-16. This silver was the atonement money, so Christ in His resurrection is proof of atonement made and the work completely finished to God's satisfaction.
Christ fulfilled the law toward God and man. Two bars on top – There is a balance Godward. Two bars beneath – There is a balance manward.
Continuity of character in the person of Christ. One bar in the midst. This bar extended the whole distance from end to end.
Dignity: Expressed by the Rings There were three rings in each board, and since the number three is indicative of heaven and the trinity, we are reminded that "IN HIM" dwelleth all the fullness of the Godhead bodily.
The Perpetuity of His Position: The Showbread was always before the face of God. So, Christ in glory is accepted before God in Perpetuity.
The Power of His Position: The bread accepted by God became the food of the priests. This bread sustained the priests in their ministry in the sanctuary. So Christ is the food of His people and He is able to sustain them.
Worship can only be offered on the basis of an accepted sacrifice. In connection with the service of the priest at the Golden Altar, it is interesting to note the composition of the incense. See Exodus 30:34-38. The time when the priest offered the incense was morning and evening. Every day of the year except one: The Day of Atonement. Also, note the things that prevented a priest from functioning at the altar. See Leviticus 21:16-24.
►The Veil (Exodus 26:31-32, Matthew 27:51, and Hebrews 10:19-20) A number of veils are spoken of in the scriptures, but each one conveys the same idea of that which comes between and hides. There may be differences of judgment in the interpretation of certain parts of the tabernacle or things connected with it, but the spiritual significance of the veil is beyond dispute, because Hebrews 10 makes it clear.
[Note: compare this with Hebrews 9:4] The Covering of the Ark is in Exodus 25:17. The cherubim over the Ark, in Exodus 25:18-21, set forth the attributes of God as necessarily characterizing the action of His throne (justice and judgment). Compare Genesis 3:24 with Psalm 39:14. At the mercy seat, justice and judgment have been fully measured out.


text:
Pioneers outgun Bluebirds on Homecoming
PHOTO: Allen Ramsey, DWCPhoto.com. Highlands junior Braden Posey (1) makes a move Friday. Posey had seven catches for 65 yards against Simon Kenton.
The Blue and White put up Highlandsesque numbers against an experienced defense on Friday.
The problem is the Highlands Bluebird football team's defense allowed much more of that against the Simon Kenton Pioneers at David Cecil Memorial Stadium. The undefeated Pioneers (6-0 overall) left Fort Thomas with a Highlands school record tying 77-53 non-district victory as a result (see notebook). That school record for the most points by both Highlands and an opponent came three years ago when the Bluebirds beat visiting Warren Central, 71-69 for a combined 140 points.
The Bluebird offense ran 95 plays in the loss for 637 yards for an average of about 6.7 yards per play. But the Pioneer offense put up 752 yards on 77 plays for an average of about 9.8 yards per play. The Pioneers converted 5-of-9 on third down for 56 percent and had 29 first downs compared to 17-of-23 for 74 percent on third down and 30 first downs for Highlands. Both teams converted 2-of-3 fourth-down tries for 67 percent.
"There's really no excuse at this point," said Shelby Jones, Highlands Defensive Coordinator. "We've gone over it and over it. When your offense scores 53 points, you ought to win the game and that's just the bottom line. We're not making the plays that we need to make. We need to make fourth-down plays and we're not making them so we have to figure out what it's going to take to make them."
Highlands rushed for 243 yards and passed for 394. Bluebird quarterback Brady Gosney completed 29-of-44 passes for that total with four touchdowns and one interception. Junior wide receiver Nick Veneman again had a big game with four catches for 141 yards and three touchdowns.
"It doesn't matter if it's 3-0 or 100-99, you either win or you lose and we lost so we have to get better," said Brian Weinrich, Highlands Head Coach. "(The Pioneers) moved some of their personnel around. We missed a couple opportunities to keep it a one-score game and keep it going back-and-forth. If that's the kind of game you're playing, you can't afford to lose a possession. Once we lost a possession, we were playing from behind so we were pressing a little bit to make bigger plays quicker. What was working was being methodical in the beginning. Once we got behind by a couple scores, they weren't slowing down so we had to press a little bit."
Eight different receivers made catches for Highlands. Junior Braden Posey and senior Trent Buchert had seven catches for 65 yards each.
But the Highlands offensive line led by seniors Kyle Finfrock, Trey King, Michael Davidson and juniors Michael Dunn and Josh Homer came up big making room for the Highlands running backs after the running game struggled in recent weeks. Bluebird senior Jared Pulsfort ran for 116 yards on 16 carries and three touchdowns for an average of 7.25 a carry and senior Grant Murray had 106 yards on 23 carries for an average of 4.6 per carry.
The Highlands defense knew it needed to find a way to contain Simon Kenton senior quarterback Cameron Racke to increase the chances to win. But once again, the Bluebirds could not put any pressure on Racke or Simon Kenton junior quarterback Matt Shearer when the Pioneers lined Racke up at running back.
The Pioneers more than made them pay as a result. Racke completed 17-of-21 passes for 273 yards and six touchdowns and Shearer completed 7-of-10 passes for 215 yards and a touchdown. Racke also rushed for 130 yards on 15 carries and three touchdowns for an average of 8.6 yards per carry.
Highlands particularly could not stop Simon Kenton senior wide receiver Luke Vance and junior Sam Murray. The duo burned the Highlands defense all over the field whether it was a fade route in one-on-one coverage or taking a short pass such as an inside wide receiver screen, breaking a few tackles and taking it to the house. Murray had six catches for 169 yards and two touchdowns averaging 28 yards per catch and Vance had eight catches for 167 yards and three touchdowns averaging 21 yards per reception. The Highlands defenders often got caught not looking back to see the ball defending the pass against the taller Simon Kenton wide receivers.
The Highlands defense returned more returning starters from last year as opposed to two from the 2014 Class 4A state championship team. Jones did not leave out the possibility of bringing up underclassmen from the junior varsity team if the upperclassmen do not get the job done.
"We've been looking at options. We're constantly looking for answers," Jones said. "But sometimes, you just don't find them. You just have to keep playing hard. That's all we can ask of the guys now. We have to turn this thing around. That doubt starts to build in your head and you're so worried about making mistakes that you end up making bigger mistakes. We have to find a way to get better. If we don't get better, it's going to be a short season."
Highlands started the game with the ball and it did not take long to find the end zone. Pulsfort took a third-and-short carry off the left side for a 62-yard touchdown scamper just 96 seconds into the game. But the score remained 6-0 after Highlands missed the extra-point attempt.
But Simon Kenton moved the ball down the field. Racke finished off the drive with 8:01 left in the first quarter with a 10-yard touchdown run and Christian Seger added the first of 11 extra-point tries to put the Pioneers up 7-6.
But Highlands did not stay down long. Gosney faked a hand-off then found Veneman wide-open down the right sideline for a 58-yard touchdown reception with 6:56 left in the quarter. Sophomore Nick Bowman made the extra-point kick to give Highlands a 13-7 advantage.
Simon Kenton again responded when Racke hit junior Fisher Hayden for a 20-yard touchdown pass with 4:53 left in the quarter. The Pioneers led 14-13 at that point.
Highlands responded with another methodical drive. Gosney scored from two yards out faking a hand-off to Pulsfort with 2:15 left in the quarter to put Highlands back up 20-14 before Shearer found Vance for a 50-yard touchdown pass with 1:41 left in the quarter.
But the Bluebirds escaped the first quarter with the lead. Veneman ran another pretty route to the right post and Gosney found him for a 68-yard score with 55 seconds left in the quarter.
The Highlands defense then came through on fourth down. The Pioneers pitched the ball to sophomore Jon Sergent. But Highlands senior linebacker Dalton Cornett stopped Sergent shy of the first down and Highlands capitalized. Pulsfort finished the drive with a 1-yard touchdown drive with 7:51 in the quarter.
But the Simon Kenton offense struck with a big play. Vance got behind the Highlands secondary for a 56-yard touchdown reception with 7:05 left in the quarter to trim the Bluebird advantage to 34-28.
But Highlands did not blink. Gosney threaded a pass to Veneman for a 15-yard score with 4:16 left in the half. The Bluebirds led 41-28 at that point.
But Simon Kenton held Highlands on third down following a Racke 5-yard score with 3:03 left in the half. That led the Pioneers take the lead for good at 42-41 at halftime. Racke found Sam Murray down the right side for a touchdown with 1:07 left in the half.
Highlands moved into Simon Kenton territory on its final drive of the half. But a pass into the end zone on the final play of the half fell incomplete.
It took just 14 seconds for the Pioneers to go up 49-41 to start the second half. Vance took a screen pass from Racke and broke several Highlands tackles on the way to the end zone for a 65-yard score.
The teams then traded interceptions. Senior Gavin Ball picked off Gosney before Highlands senior defensive back Sam Taylor returned the favor. That marked just the second interception of the season for the Bluebirds. Highlands also stopped Simon Kenton in the second half when senior defensive back Kyle Rust recovered a fumble inside the Highlands 5-yard line.
But Racke reeled off a 60-yard touchdown run to put Simon Kenton up 56-41 before Gosney found sophomore Jared Wogan for a touchdown just before the third quarter ended. Highlands did not convert the two-point attempt and trailed 56-47 entering the fourth quarter.
Racke found Vance for an 11-yard score in the fourth quarter. Pulsfort scored from three yards out with 5:59 left in the game to make it 63-53 Simon Kenton. But the Pioneers finished off the game when Racke found senior wide receiver Timmy Cottrell for a 6-yard touchdown pass and Shearer scored from three yards out.
Highlands has the week off before starting Class 5A, District 5 action at Dixie Heights on Oct. 7. Game time is 7 p.m.
Box Score Link:
http://www.hudl.com/game/highlands-high-vs-simon-kenton-/varsity-football/13978-5816034/box-score
Posted by G. Michael Graham at 10:33 AM
Labels: Highlands bluebirds football, Simon Kenton Pioneers


On October 21, 2009, the Appellate Division decided Township of Irvington v. Irvington P.B.A. Local 29, Docket No.: A-0152-08T1. In the case, the Township of Irvington appealed from Law Division orders of April 13, 2007 and July 25, 2008 that respectively confirmed an arbitration award and supplemental arbitration award rendered in arbitration proceedings resulting from grievances filed by Irvington PBA Local 29 and Irvington Superior Officers Association (hereinafter "unions").
In December 2003, Township officials notified all salaried Township employees that in the upcoming year, instead of their annual salaries being divided by twenty-six, they would be divided by twenty-seven and be paid in twenty-seven biweekly pay periods. Of course, each paycheck would be smaller than if the twenty-six pay period schedule was followed. After some objections and discussions, the Township changed its position. Employees would be paid in twenty-six pay periods, and their annual salaries would be divided by twenty-six, but some of the mid-year pay dates would be adjusted so the pay periods were longer than fourteen days.
On July 30, 2004, the unions filed a grievance claiming that the Township's adjustment to the four pay dates violated the terms of their collective bargaining agreements. The unions requested that the Township refrain from adjusting the payroll dates, or else pay all union members the eighty "unpaid" hours at the overtime rate of time and one half. After going through all of the required procedural steps for a grievance, the matter was presented to Arbitrator Gerard Restaino.
In his initial award, Arbitrator Restaino required the Township to pay the employees represented by the unions for an additional two-week pay period in 2004. The trial court affirmed the award, but remanded the matter to Arbitrator Restaino for further consideration of the remedy, namely the manner in which the Township would be required to pay the award, in light of the Township's claim that payment of the total amount required would cause it a severe adverse financial impact. In a supplemental award, the arbitrator modified the remedy to lessen the fiscal impact on the Township. This appeal ensued.
In its brief, the Township argued: (1) the initial award should not have been confirmed because the arbitrator exceeded his authority by disregarding the clear terms of the parties' collective bargaining agreements; and (2) the supplemental award should not have been confirmed because the arbitrator did not adequately consider the fiscal impact on the Township, and because the court incorrectly ruled as a matter of law that it lacked authority to determine the public policy impact of the award. The unions disputed the arguments raised by the Township, and further argued that the supplemental award was properly confirmed because the Township's motion to vacate it was untimely.
At oral argument, the Township withdrew argument (1) described above, and advised the Court that it was limiting its argument to the fiscal impact issue. The Appellate Division, after considering the same, affirmed the determination of the trial court. After a thorough review of the record, the Court was satisfied that the trial court did not err in finding that the arbitrator sufficiently considered and addressed the fiscal impact issue in rendering his supplemental award. As a result, the Court found the award was properly confirmed.


text:
USDA Awards Grant To Fight Minority Childhood Obesity
WASHINGTON – The U.S. Department of Agriculture has announced a $25 million grant to the University of Hawaii to develop obesity prevention strategies among native populations in the Pacific Region, continuing USDA's commitment to meet the rising challenge of obesity in the United States, especially in American youth.
"We know that in order to win the future, we have to win the race to educate our children. That means that our kids must be healthy so they can learn and thrive," said Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. "Improving childhood nutrition remains a key priority of the Obama Administration as we work to ensure our kids are ready to out-compete in an increasingly globalized world."
The five-year research project will use a community-based participatory research approach that engages communities to prioritize obesity prevention strategies. Researchers will work with communities to develop community needs assessments and establish sustainable nutrition and health-promoting programs. Specifically, the team will identify specific environmental factors leading to childhood obesity in selected schools and daycare facilities. Intervention strategies will be attuned to culturally-specific needs and goals, and focus on physical activity, nutritional intake and the amount of sleep children get each night.
The project will train 22 specialists in food, nutrition and public health and develop research and evaluation methods that will help young children maintain healthy weight and prevent obesity. Dr. Rachel Novotny at the University of Hawaii will lead the project team, which includes scientists from the University of Alaska, Fairbanks; the University of Alaska, Anchorage; Northern Marianas College; the University of Guam; American Samoa Community College; the College of Micronesia; Windward Community College, Kaneohe, Hawaii; and the University of Hawaii Kapiolani Community College.
The grants are awarded through USDA's Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI) and administered through USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture. AFRI's childhood obesity prevention supports single-function research, education and extension projects and multi-function integrated research, education and extension projects. AFRI is USDA's flagship competitive grant program and was established under the 2008 Farm Bill. AFRI supports work in six priority areas: plant health and production and plant products; animal health and production and animal products; food safety, nutrition and health; renewable energy, natural resources and environment; agriculture systems and technology; and agriculture economics and rural communities.
Improving child nutrition is a focal point of the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act that was signed by President Obama in December 2010. This legislation reauthorizes USDA's child nutrition programs, including the Summer Food Service Program and the National School Lunch Program, which serves nearly 32 million children each day. It will allow USDA, for the first time in over 30 years, the chance to make real reforms to the school lunch and breakfast programs by improving the critical nutrition and hunger safety net for millions of children. Investigating science-based interventions and studying obesity in children can also strengthen these programs. The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act is the legislative centerpiece of First Lady Michelle Obama's Let's Move! initiative. To learn more, visit www.LetsMove.gov.
Through federal funding and leadership for research, education and extension programs, USDA's National Institute of Food and Agriculture focuses on investing in science and solving critical issues impacting people's daily lives and the nation's future.


Blanchland.org is the website of the Blanchland Community Development Organisation Ltd and is provided for the benefit of the community and visitors alike. The Organisation works with The Lord Crewe's Charity, the Parish Council, local businesses and the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty to care for the village and ensure its future.
Set beside the river in a wooded section of the upper Derwent valley, Blanchland is one of most attractive small villages in the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. Lying beneath magnificent fells, it is a conservation village built of stone from the remains of the 12th century Abbey. There is a special atmosphere and the village is steeped in history. It flourished during the 19th century lead mining bonanza and industrial archaeology abounds nearby.
The village has many listed buildings clustering around the remains of the Abbey Church. Blanchland is the centrepiece of an estate owned by a charitable trust, The Lord Crewe Charity. There is ample car parking with an honesty box, all proceeds used to support charitable activities in the village.
There are a number of local walk leaflets courtesy of the North Pennines AONB and an innovation this year is a 20km long route designed for horse-riders and cyclists alike - based on the 18th Century packhorse trails, once used to transport lead and other goods to far-off towns.
Guides are being produced - one tailored for horse-riders and the other for cyclists and will come in the form of a folder with removable, weather-proof route cards and an accompanying protective wallet. Together with all aspects of the route, the guides will contain information on the area, livery and cycle hire, helping to make your trip more enjoyable.
For the less energetic sailing and fishing are available nearby. There are places of refreshment and relaxation, a children's playground, a picnic area and riverside walk with Access for All, and space to just sit and stare or read some of the booklets telling the story of Blanchland, Abbey, Village and Community.


Athletic facilities, like stadiums and fields, spend tons of money just for maintenance. Why? The grass needs to be in really good shape so as not to interfere with a game and an athlete's performance. While real grass was the traditional choice in San Diego, California, more and more sports facilities are turning to artificial athletic turf San Diego services. Not only is it easy to maintain, it is tough and visually pleasing, too.
Artificial grass is very safe to use. It is designed to be shock-absorbent as compared to natural grass. It is also less abrasive, helping minimize the frequency and severity of injuries acquired from slips and falls.
It provides better traction, perfect for sports that require a lot of running.
Great for use regardless of weather. Because there is no soil involved, there is no need for athletes to worry about mud and the many dangers that come with a wet grass field.
Water-efficiency is very important in San Diego because of the scarcity of rainfall, especially during summer. Fake grass need not be watered to maintain its aesthetics and health. There will be no dry patches as well, regardless of how high temperatures can get.
Durability is crucial since sports fields undergo a lot of use and abuse. Synthetic turfs can take heavy foot traffic and weather changes very well.
What Sports Can Athletic Grass Be Used For?
Athletic sports turf can be used for football fields, golf courses, baseball stadiums, soccer fields, putting greens, and even in batting cages, regardless of whether these are indoors or out.
What's the Next Step? Call (858) 384-4502 for Artificial Athletic Turf San Diego Solutions!
Regular grass can be quite demanding, especially when it comes to athletic turf San Diego surfaces. It requires tremendous maintenance and may come with long-term costs. We at Water Wise Grass would be more than happy to make life easier for you. We offer top quality fake grass installation services for all types of athletic facilities in and around San Diego, CA. It is important to us that you receive more value for your dollar. Once we are done installing, coaches and athletes alike will have the peace of mind to practice. They would be able to focus more on performance and winning each and every game.


text:
Could a human stop an engine start?
bananaboy
This is a totally pointless question but I'm on a long train journey and my mind was wandering!
Disregarding all safety implications, could a person stop an engine start by holding on to the fan blades or props assuming the engine was totally stationary? Or, are the forces involved greater than an average human could overcome?
(Told you it was pointless )
All my life, I've been kissing, your top lip 'cause your bottom one's missing
ParkFSI
Re: Could a human stop an engine start?
Don't know if it's a urban legend but I've heard it could be done with a PT-6 turbo prop, but I wouldn't want to try it !
Starlionblue
Just as a total guess, I think you could stop the prop or fan from turning at least for a bit. Just not for very long.
The engine would still start, because you're not stopping the gas generator. You're just stopping the first spool (N1, the fan or prop), and I think the first spool turbine would really rather spin what with all that exhaust gas hitting it.
"There are no stupid questions, but there are a lot of inquisitive idiots." - John Ringo
Tristarsteve
On the old RB211-22B on the Tristar we used to have lots of problems with the air flow control start bleed valves. (four of then, open at start, and closed at idle) The easiest way to check their operation was to tie the fan up with rope, and start the engine. A piece of ribbon tied to the bleed valve inlet showed when it was open or closed .
Probably not allowed in today's health and safety world, to have your head up the fan duct with the engine running, but it did the trick.
So rope held the fan at idle, but I would think it would need a very strong person, or three.
ParkFSI wrote:
Heard the same for the PW121 and 127. It's essentially the same that the propeller brake does on the ATRs hotel mode.
SheikhDjibouti
1) If the engine had FADEC that included a check on whether the propeller or fan was impeded in some way, you might cause it to trip out at low torque in order to prevent possible engine damage.
2) Principle of levers; if you are allowed to extend the radius of the propeller by adding something (e.g. enclose it within a long length of 5" or 110mm drainage pipe), you could multiply your stopping power.
Otherwise, probably not.
I once worked on a site that included eight huge 1950's diesel generators of around 1500hp each. To protect maintenance crews working on them, when they were taken out of service, they were physically locked down using a thick iron bar. Very occasionally somebody attempted a restart without remembering to remove the safety lock. When that happened, everybody on site knew about it.
Nothing to see here; move along please.
CosmicCruiser
saw it done on a PT-6 once but it was a free turbine and not geared.
Flow2706
SheikhDjibouti wrote:
On the CFM equipped A320 the FWC will generate an ECAM if there is not fan (N1) rotation during engine start, requiring a aborted start (unlike most of the other start malfunctions the FADEC will however not initiate an automatic aborted engine start in this case, in this case it has to be done manually). No such warning is provided for the IAE engine on the A320.
CosmicCruiser wrote:
It's not urban legend. I have done it. During extremely cold starts (< -40C), there is virtually no lubrication in the PT6 reduction gear box (RGB). Holding the propeller until the engine is running is the best way to reduce the wear and tear within the RGB at those extreme temperatures. This works on aircraft like a Twin Otter or a King Air but not on the larger (-50 engines) PT6's.
Back to the original question, regarding holding on to a fan on something like an RB211, once the engine is running, there is NO WAY a human can hold onto the fan. Had a human tried, he/she would then be integral with the engine exhaust.
spacecadet
bananaboy wrote:
Seems to depend on the plane. I know that with even the little plane I'm currently flying (Diamond DA-40), there is no way to hold the prop to prevent its starting. Plenty of hands, arms, backs and other body parts have been shredded in the process of trying, some of which I have at least secondhand knowledge of.
I'm tired of being a wanna-be league bowler. I wanna be a league bowler!
fr8mech
There was a leak check procedure on the JT9D-7 that allowed you to tie the fan to the fan exit vanes.
Never saw it done, but it was there.
When seconds count...the police are minutes away.
Unless it's expressly prohibited, it's allowed.
You are not entitled to a public safe space.
Ego Bibere Capulus, Ut Aliis Sit Vivere
spacecadet wrote:
A bit different. The prop on a piston like the Da-40 is mechanically connected to the enginecrankshaft. However, the fan on jets and the prop on most modern turboprops is not mechanically connected to the gas generator. The fan or prop is driven entirely by exhaust gases through the turbine.
Aircellist
Plenty of hands, arms, backs and other body parts have been shredded in the process of trying, some of which I have at least secondhand knowledge of.
That wins the prize for dark humor this morning!
"When I find out I was wrong, I change my mind. What do you do?" -attributed to John Maynard Keynes
Thanks all for the responses!
strfyr51
the PT6 could be cranked with the prop held and as long as the engine was idle power? It could be held though you would quickly overheat the power section of the engine as that is where the exhaust escapes the engine. I worked at an airline that flew the Dash 7 with the PT6-50 engine and another mechanic started an engine with a power section shaft Bearing failing. the Gas Generator started but the Prop didn't move, later we found the gearbox section turbine bearing Failed locking the power section up
Swampfoot
I have been in the hangar when a crew needed to generate some oil pressure to drive a prop to either flat pitch or feather on a Q400, don't remember the exact scenario, but it involved two people holding the prop still (by hand) while making sure no fuel or ignition would operate while someone motored the starter for maybe 20 seconds. This was a PW150, a free-turbine engine.
Seemed really dangerous to me. If the people holding it lost their grip, I think it would spin up to lethal speeds very quickly.
Anyone else done this or seen it done?
A&P (1989), AME (Apprentice), Astrophotographer. I want to meet your cat.
WesternDC6B
My curiosity is heightened: how did everybody know?
1) Broken starter or starter gears, thus bringing forth loud and strong language from Those in Charge?
2) A tremendous "Clang!", the iron bar being launched very high, then dropping to the ground, thus bringing forth loud and strong language from Those in Charge?
3) The person doing this being razzed and poked fun at, and who also brought forth loud and strong language from Those in Charge?
A big heart is commendable. An enlarged heart is a medical condition.
WesternDC6B wrote:
I confess I don't know the specific answer to your question, but I was on site on one of the rare occasions it happened - and answer #2 is closest, in that there was a huge bang, amplified by the fact the engines were housed in a classic engine house that was built with cathedral-like proportions.
I am very glad I was ½km away at the time. If I had been inside the cathedral, I probably would have been knocked off my feet.
I cannot imagine that the metal bar would have been launched anywhere, and neither would it have snapped, but it may have rattled around in it's housing.
As for starting - IIRC these engines would have been turned over by compressed air, so no stripped starter gears either.
FWIW the engines were made by Mirrless Blackstone, at one time part of the Hawker Siddeley Group.
DALMD80
Eventually any jet I know of would turn and then they would be sucked in. I guess it would stop the engine from starting, though.
SAVE THE MAD DOGS!! Seriously, get a ride on one while you can. They'll be gone by the end of the year.
DarkSnowyNight
Swampfoot wrote:
I have done a similar thing, but with a Dash8-300, with the PW123s, over at Piedmont, quiet a while ago. You do need two people to hold the blades, and about thirty seconds was also what we needed.
In more modern times, it is not at all unheard of to motor a turbofan for similar reasons. Most common, to bring the oil gauges to an accurate read. On a lot of engines, like the V2500, it is important to not over-service the oil. And after an hour or so of sitting, the reads and sight glass will both sag somewhat, necessitating this action if the oil has not already been serviced.
No need to hold the Front Fan Blades still in that case though.
"Ya Can't Win, Rocky! There's no Oxygen on Mars!"
"Yeah? That means there's no Oxygen for him Neither..."
m1m2
Regarding the PW150 on the Q400, I've motored that thing dozens of times on the starter to generate oil pressure to either unfeather, or feather the prop. There is no need to hold the prop from turning, but it can easily be done by one person if so desired (probably done if there's a ladder or maintenance stand near the prop). If that person let it go, it would spin very slowly as the hydraulic pump is driven by the same gearbox as the prop and generates quite a resistance to the prop turning. It wouldn't turn fast enough to generate an NP indication in the cockpit. You are correct in that you want to pull the ignition breakers and make sure the condition lever remains at "fuel off" during the motoring. Otherwise, noise will be heard from the exhaust and...well, you know the rest. lol