text:
Responsibility to protect and conserve native plants
Listing threatened or endangered species
Protection and conservation programs
Transactions in threatened or endangered species
Director of Agriculture authorized to acquire plant habitat
Confidentiality of information regarding threatened or endangered species
Effect of law on commercial forestland or private land
• procedure
• notice
• periodic review
(1) The lists of threatened species or endangered species established pursuant to ORS 564.105 (Responsibility to protect and conserve native plants) (2) initially shall include those species listed as of May 15, 1987, as a threatened species or an endangered species pursuant to the federal Endangered Species Act of 1973 (P.L. 93-205, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.), as amended.
(2) The Director of Agriculture, by rule, may add or remove any plant species from either list, or change the status of any species on the lists, upon a determination that the species is or is not a threatened species or an endangered species.
(3) A determination that a species is a threatened species or an endangered species shall be based on documented and verifiable scientific information about the species' biological status. To list a species as a threatened species or an endangered species under ORS 564.100 (Definitions for ORS 564.100 to 564.135) to 564.130 (Confidentiality of information regarding threatened or endangered species), the director shall determine that the natural reproductive potential of the species is in danger of failure due to limited population numbers, disease, predation or other natural or man-made factors affecting its continued existence. In addition, the director shall determine that one or more of the following factors exist:
(a) That most populations are undergoing imminent or active deterioration of their range or primary habitat;
(b) That overutilization for commercial, recreational, scientific or educational purposes is occurring or is likely to occur; or
(c) That existing state or federal programs or regulations are inadequate to protect the species or its habitat.
(4) Determinations required by subsection (3) of this section shall be made on the basis of the best scientific and other data available to the State Department of Agriculture, after consultation with federal agencies, other interested state agencies, the Natural Heritage Advisory Council, other states having a common interest in the species and interested persons and organizations.
(5)(a) Any person may petition the department to, by rule, add, remove or change the status of a species on the list.
(b) A petition shall clearly indicate the action sought and shall include documented scientific information about the species' biological status to justify the requested action.
(c) Within 90 days of receipt of a petition, the department shall respond in writing to the petitioner indicating whether the petition presents substantial scientific information to warrant the action requested.
(d) If the petition is found to present such information, the department shall commence rulemaking.
(e) If the petition is denied, the petitioner may seek judicial review as provided in ORS 183.484 (Jurisdiction for review of orders other than contested cases).
(6)(a) Notwithstanding subsections (1) to (5) of this section, the department shall take emergency action to add a species to the list of threatened species or endangered species if it determines there is a significant threat to the continued existence of the species.
(b) The department shall publish notice of such addition in the Secretary of State's bulletin and shall mail notice to affected or interested persons whose names are included on the department's mailing list for such purposes.
(c) Such emergency addition shall take effect immediately upon publication in the Secretary of State's bulletin and shall remain valid for a period no longer than one year, unless during the one-year period the department completes rulemaking procedures as provided in subsections (1) to (4) of this section.
(7)(a) The director shall periodically review the status of all threatened and endangered plant species listed under ORS 496.004 (Definitions), 496.171 (Definitions for ORS 496.171 to 496.182) to 496.192 (Effect of law on commercial forestland or other private land), 498.026 (Transaction in threatened or endangered wildlife species prohibited), 564.040 (Department to compile list of additional protected wildflowers) and 564.100 (Definitions for ORS 564.100 to 564.135) to 564.135 (Effect of law on commercial forestland or private land).
(b) Each species shall be reviewed at least once every five years to determine whether substantial, documented scientific information exists to justify its reclassification or removal from the list, according to the criteria listed under subsection (3) of this section.
(c) If a determination is made to reclassify a species or remove it from the list, the department, within 90 days, shall commence rulemaking to change the status of the species. [1987 c.686 §10; 1999 c.59 §177; 2003 c.14 §350]
1 Legislative Counsel Committee, CHAPTER 564—Wildflowers; Threatened or Endangered Plants, https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/564.html (2007) (last accessed Feb. 12, 2009).
2	OregonLaws.org contains the contents of Volume 21 of the ORS, inserted alongside the pertinent statutes. See the preface to the ORS Annotations for more information.


text:
in: Articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Pacific Ocean articles missing geocoordinate data, All articles needing coordinates,
Sims-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of the United States
Ships built in Massachusetts
Shipwrecks in Ironbottom Sound
United States Navy Virginia-related ships
USS Walke (DD-416)
For other ships of the same name, see USS Walke.
Builder: Boston Navy Yard
Laid down: 31 May 1938
Launched: 20 October 1939
Commissioned: 27 April 1940
Struck: 13 January 1943
Honors and
awards: American Defense Service Medal ("Fleet" clasp, "A" device), Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal (3 stars), World War II Victory Medal
Fate: Sunk in Naval Battle of Guadalcanal on 15 November 1942 (88 killed)
Class & type: Sims-class destroyer
1,570 long tons (1,600 t) (std)
2,211 long tons (2,246 t) (full)
Length: 348 ft, 3¼ in, (106.15 m)
Beam: 36 ft, 1 in (11 m)
Draft: 13 ft, 4.5 in (4.07 m)
Propulsion: High-pressure super-heated boilers, geared turbines with twin screws, 50,000 horsepower
Range: 3,660 nautical miles at 20 kt (6,780 km at 37 km/h)
Complement: 192 (10 officers/182 enlisted)
5 × 5 inch/38, in single mounts
4 × .50 caliber/90, in single mounts
8 × 21 inch torpedo tubes in two quadruple mounts
2 × depth charge track, 10 depth charges
Armor: None
USS Walke (DD-416) was a World War II-era Sims-class destroyer in the service of the United States Navy, named after Rear Admiral Henry A. Walke USN (1809–1896). Walke operated with the Neutrality Patrol in the Caribbean before World War II and fought in the Pacific Theater during the war before being sunk in the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal.
Walke was laid down by the Naval Shipyard at Boston in Massachusetts on 31 May 1938, launched on 20 October 1939 by Mrs. Clarence Dillon, grandniece of Rear Admiral Walke and commissioned on 27 April 1940.
1 Service history
1.1 Inter-War Period
1.2.1 Naval Battle of Guadalcanal
1.3 Sinking
Inter-War Period
Following fitting-out and engineering trials, Walke took on board torpedoes, warheads, and exercise warheads at the Naval Torpedo Station, Newport, Rhode Island, on 25 June and sailed for Norfolk, Virginia, on the following day. She reached Norfolk on 27 June and there embarked Second Lieutenant Donald B. Cooley, USMC, and 47 enlisted marines for transportation to Wichita, then in South American waters. Later that same day, in company with Wainwright, Walke got underway for Cuba.
After fueling at Guantanamo on 4 July, Walke got underway for Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, at 0658 on 6 July, again in company with Wainwright, En route, the destroyers were diverted to the mouth of the Surinam River, where Walke took on board an appendicitis patient from Wainwright for passage to Paramaribo for medical attention. After transferring the patient, Pvt. Lawrence P. Coghlan, USMC, ashore, Walke got underway for Pará, Brazil, where she fueled before pushing on for Rio de Janeiro.
Walke and Wainwright reached Rio on 19 July. Walke then transferred her marine passengers, half of the heavy cruiser's marine detachment, to Wichita while Wainwright transferred hers to Quincy. Due to unsettled conditions in the area, the two cruisers were in South American waters, "showing the flag" and evidencing strong American interest in the "good neighbors" south of the border.
Still operating in company with her sister ship, Walke visited Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Buenos Aires, Argentina; Santos and Bahia, Brazil, and made a return call to Buenos Aires before rendezvousing with Quincy and Wichita on 15 August. Walke took on board mail, freight, and embarked passengers from Wichita before getting underway and steaming via Bahia and Guantanamo Bay to the Boston Navy Yard where she arrived on the morning of 4 September. Walke underwent post-shakedown repairs for the rest of that month and all of October before she joined the United States Fleet as a unit of Destroyer Division 4, Destroyer Squadron 2, Patrol Force. In mid-November, she served as the vehicle for degaussing tests under the auspices of the Naval Ordnance Laboratory at Solomons Island, Maryland. Returning to Norfolk upon the conclusion of those tests, Walke set her course southward on 2 December, bound once more for Guantanamo Bay.
Walke's active service had begun in the spring of 1940, when Germany was unleashing her military might in Norway and the lowlands of western Europe to turn the so-called Phony War into the blitzkrieg which swept across northern France, driving British troops off the continent and knocking France out of the war. The resulting establishment of a new government in that country, more favorable to Germany, aroused fear in Allied and neutral circles that French fighting forces, particularly French warships, might be placed in German hands. Walke would have a role in seeing that this unfortunate development would never take place.
After fueling at San Juan on 6 December, the destroyer got underway on the afternoon of the following day on "Caribbean Patrol" in company with O'Brien. Rendezvousing with Moffett and Sims off Fort-de-France, Martinique, Walke and O'Brien patrolled the approaches to that port, keeping an eye on the movements of Vichy French warships Barfleur, Quercy, and Béarn, through 14 December. Walke then visited Castries, British West Indies, on 15 December and embarked Comdr. Lyman K. Swenson, Commander, Destroyer Division 17, who hoisted his pennant in her that day.
Walke put into Guantanamo Bay on 19 December 1940, and remained there into the new year, moored in a nest with Prairie, undergoing upkeep. In ensuing weeks, Walke operated in the Guantanamo Bay-Gonaïves, Haiti, areas, conducting battle and torpedo practices, engaging in a full slate of the training exercises assigned such ships in those areas. She then shifted to Fajardo, Puerto Rico, and operated from there through mid-March.
Walke then sailed north and arrived at Charleston, South Carolina, on 20 March 1941 for a period of repairs and alterations that lasted into May. She touched briefly at Norfolk between 10 and 13 May before reaching Newport, her base for the better part of the year, on the following day.
Walke then patrolled off the Atlantic coast between Norfolk and Newport well into June 1941 as the Atlantic Fleet's neutrality patrols were steadily extended eastward, closer to the European war zone. She departed Newport on 27 July and screened a convoy to Iceland, reaching Reykjavík on 6 August and turning toward Norfolk the same day, her charges safely delivered.
The destroyer subsequently returned to those northern climes in mid-September, after local operations in the Newport-Boston area — reaching Hvalfjörður on 14 September. She operated in Icelandic waters into late September, before she put into NS Argentia, Newfoundland, on 11 October, en route to Casco Bay, Maine.
Walke began an overhaul at the Boston Navy Yard on 25 November 1941 and completed it on 7 December 1941, the "day of infamy" on which Japan attacked Pearl Harbor and thrust the United States into war in the Pacific. Departing the yard on that day, Walke reached Norfolk on 12 December, via Casco Bay, and remained there until 16 December when she sailed for the Panama Canal and the Pacific
After reaching San Diego, California, on 30 December, Walke sailed with the newly formed Task Force 17 (TF17), bound for the South Pacific, on 6 January 1942, screening Yorktown as she covered the movement of reinforcements for the Marine garrison on American Samoa. The convoy subsequently arrived at Tutuila on 24 January. However, TF 17 remained in Samoan waters for only a short time, for it soon sailed north for the Marshall–Gilbert Islands area to deliver the first offensive blow to the enemy, only eight weeks after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.
Walke served in the antisubmarine screen and plane-guarded for the Yorktown as that carrier launched air strikes on suspected Japanese installations on the atolls of Jaluit, Makin, and Mili Atolls. Although Admiral Chester Nimitz, the Commander in Chief, Pacific Fleet (CinCPAC), considered the raids "well-conceived, well-planned, and brilliantly executed", the damage they actually caused was not as great as reported; and, outside of the boost they gave to American morale, the attacks were only a minor nuisance to the Japanese. Nevertheless, the American Fleet had finally taken the war to the enemy.
Returning to Hawaiian waters on 7 February 1942, Walke trained in the Hawaiian area until 27 February, when she sailed for the Ellice Islands. She later exercised with TF 17 off New Caledonia in early March before she sailed, again screening Yorktown, for the New Guinea area, as part of the force put together to check Japanese expansion in that area.
By that time, the enemy advance to the southward, in the New Guinea-New Britain area, had gained considerable momentum with the occupation of Rabaul and Gasmata, New Britain; Kavieng, New Ireland; and on sites on Bougainville in the Solomon Islands and in the Louisiades. By the end of February 1942, it seemed probable that the Japanese were planning to mount an offensive in early March. TFs 11 and 17 were dispatched to the area. Vice Admiral Wilson Brown, in overall charge of the operation, initially selected Rabaul and Gasmata, in New Britain, and Kavieng, in New Ireland, as targets for the operation.
Walke then screened Yorktown as she launched air strikes on Tulagi in the Solomons on 4 May 1942 and later separated from that carrier with the "Support Force" (Australia, Hobart, Farragut and Perkins) to protect the southern mouth of the Jomard Passage. On the afternoon of 7 May, Japanese Aichi D3A Val dive bombers attacked the formation, but the heavy antiaircraft fire thrown up by the ships caused the enemy to retire without scoring any hits.
An hour after the Vals departed, however, Japanese twin-engined bombers appeared and made a torpedo attack from dead ahead. Again, a heavy volume of antiaircraft fire from Walke and the other destroyers peppered the skies. Five bombers splashed into the sea, and no torpedoes found their mark on the Allied ships. Later, 19 high altitude bombers passed over, dropping sticks of bombs that splashed harmlessly into the water. Antiaircraft fire proved ineffective, due to the high altitude maintained by the planes. However, the last group of planes were apparently American planes. The force commander, the Australian Rear Admiral John Crace, swore that the planes were B-26 Marauders; Walke's commander, Commander Thomas E. Fraser, subsequently reported them to be B-17 Flying Fortresses. In any event, it was fortunate that the bombardiers were not too accurate.
On 7 March, Allied intelligence learned that a Japanese surface force, including transports, lay off Buna, Papua New Guinea. On the following day, Japanese troops went ashore at Lae and Salamaua, New Guinea, and secured those places by noon.
Three days later, Yorktown and Lexington launched air strikes against the newly established Japanese beachheads at Lae and Salamaua. The attack took the enemy by surprise. The planes from the two American flattops came in from over the Owen Stanley Mountains and inflicted damage on ships, small craft, and shore installations, before they retired.
Walke remained at sea with the Yorktown task force into April. Detached to escort Ramsay and Sumner, the destroyer reached Suva, in Fiji, on 19 April and got underway the next day, bound for the Tonga Islands. Reaching Tongatapu on 22 April, Walke fueled from Kaskaskia before she underwent boiler repairs and loaded depth charges prior to her return to TF 17.
Detached from the group because of a damaged starboard reduction gear, Walke headed to Australia for repairs and reached Brisbane on 12 May. Upon completion of the work on 29 May, the destroyer ran trials in the Brisbane River before being pronounced fit for service and sailed for New Caledonia on 9 June.
Arriving at Nouméa on 13 June, Walke fueled there before proceeding via Tongatapu to Pago Pago, American Samoa, Samoa. Assigned to Task Group 12.1 (TG 12.1), the destroyer sailed on 26 June for Bora Bora in the Society Islands. With the dissolution of TG 12.1 on 11 July, Walke then reported for duty to Commander, TG 6.7, the commanding officer of Castor. She then escorted Castor to San Francisco, California, arriving there on 2 August.
On 7 August, while Walke was undergoing repairs and alterations at the nearby Mare Island Navy Yard, the United States Navy wrested the initiative in the war from Japan by landing marines on Guadalcanal in the Solomon Islands. In ensuing months, the armed forces of the two nations struggled mightily for control of that island chain. The contest soon developed into a logistics race as each side tried to frustrate its opponent's efforts to reinforce and supply his forces fighting on Guadalcanal while doing all in his power to strengthen his own. Walke's future was to be inextricably tied to the almost daily, and nightly, American air and naval attempts to best the Japanese in their thrusts down New Georgia Sound the strategic body of water which stretches between the two lines of islands which make up the Solomons chain and lead to Guadalcanal.
Completing the yard work on 25 August, Walke ran her trials in San Francisco Bay and that day received orders to proceed to San Pedro, California, to rendezvous with the oiler Kankakee and escorted her from the west coast of the United States, via Nouméa, New Caledonia, to Tongatapu, arriving there on 9 September. The destroyer later escorted a convoy consisting of Kankakee, Navajo, and Arctic from Tongatapu to Nouméa, where she prepared for action in the Solomons.
About sunset on 13 November 1942, the day after the Naval Battle of Guadalcanal began, Walke sortied with TF 64 which was built around Washington and South Dakota and, besides Walke, was screened by Preston, Gwin, and Benham. By late in the forenoon on 14 November, TF 64 had reached a point some 50 nmi (90 km) south-by-west from Guadalcanal.
Sighted by the enemy, who reported them as one battleship, one cruiser, and four destroyers, the American warships spent most of the day on 14 November avoiding contact with enemy planes. From the information available in dispatches, the commander of the American task force, Rear Admiral Willis A. Lee, knew of the presence of three groups of enemy ships in the area, one of which was formed around at least two battleships.
Proceeding through the flat calm sea and disposed in column formation with Walke leading, the American ships approached on a northerly course about nine miles (17 km) west of Guadalcanal.
Lee's ships continued making their passage, picking up Japanese voice transmissions on the radio while the ships' radar "eyes" scanned the darkness. At 0006 on 15 November, Washington received a report that indicated the presence of three ships, rounding the north end of Savo Island, headed westward. Almost simultaneously the flagship's radar picked up two ships on the same bearing.
Ten minutes later, Washington opened fire with her 16-inch (406 mm) guns; and, within seconds, South Dakota followed suit. Walke opened fire at 0026, maintaining a rapid barrage at what probably was Nagara. After checking fire within a few minutes, the lead destroyer opened up again at a Japanese destroyer 7,500 yards (6,900 m) to starboard (likely either Ayanami or Uranami) and, later, at gunflashes off her port side near Guadalcanal.
Japanese shells straddled Walke twice, and then a "Long Lance" torpedo slammed into her starboard side at a point almost directly below mount 52. Almost simultaneously, a salvo of shells from Nagara, Ayanami, and Uranami hurtled down upon the hapless destroyer, a deluge of steel that struck home with devastating effect in the radio room, the foremast, below the gig davits, and in the vicinity of mount 53, on the after deckhouse. Meanwhile the torpedo had blown off the bow of the ship; and fire broke out as the forward 20-millimeter magazine blew up.
With the situation hopeless, Commander Thomas E. Fraser, Walke's commanding officer, ordered the ship abandoned. As the destroyer sank rapidly by the bow, only two life rafts could be launched. The others had been damaged irreparably. After the crew made sure that the depth charges were set on safe, they went over the side just before the ship slipped swiftly under the surface.
As Washington, dueling with Kirishima and smaller ships, swept through the flotsam and jetsam of battle, she briefly noted Walke's plight and that of Preston, which had also gone down under in a deluge of shells. At 0041, just a minute or so before Walke sank, life rafts from the battleship splashed into the sea for the benefit of the survivors. Although the destroyer's depth charges had apparently been set to "safe", some depth charges went off, killing a number of swimming survivors and seriously injuring others. As the battle went on ahead of them, the able-bodied survivors placed their more seriously wounded comrades on rafts.
Walke's survivors were, at one point, in two groups; some clinging to the still-floating bow section and others clustered around the two rafts that ship had been able to launch. During the harrowing night, they were twice illuminated by enemy warships but not molested, before the enemy switched off his searchlights and moved on.
At dawn, however, Walke's survivors, and those from Preston, witnessed the end of a quartet of Japanese transports beached during the night. Bombed and strafed by Army, Marine, and Navy planes, including aircraft from Enterprise, the four Japanese ships received the coup de grâce from the Meade that morning, just before the destroyer altered course and picked up the destroyermen from Walke and Preston.
Meade rescued 151 men from Walke, six of whom later died after they were brought ashore at Tulagi. Six officers, including Commander Fraser, and 76 men had died in the ship's fiery end off Savo Island. She was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register on 13 January 1943.
Walke received three battle stars for her World War II service.
This article incorporates text from the public domain Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships.
USS Walke website at Destroyer History Foundation
Wikimedia Commons has media related to USS Walke (DD-416).
Hammann
Mustin
Walke
Preceded by: Benham class
Followed by: Benson class
List of destroyers of the United States Navy
List of destroyer classes of the United States Navy
Articles incorporating text from the Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships
Pacific Ocean articles missing geocoordinate data

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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in: Articles incorporating text from Wikipedia, Infantry regiments of South Africa, Irish regiments,
Military units and formations of South Africa in World War I
Military units and formations of South Africa in World War II
South African Irish Regiment
The South African Irish Regiment is an infantry regiment of the South African Army. As a reserve unit, it has a status roughly equivalent to that of a British Territorial Army or United States Army National Guard unit.
1.1 Origins
1.2 World War I
1.3 World War II
1.3.1 Mobilisation
1.3.2 East Africa
1.3.3 Western Desert
1.4 Post-War
2 Regimental Symbols
3 Alliances
4 Battle honours
Although all the regular units of Irish origin in the British Army have served in South Africa at some time during its colonial involvement in South Africa, the first autonomous South African units shaped by Irish influences were the Cape Town Irish Volunteer Rifles (raised by a Major O'Reilly in 1885) and Driscoll's Scouts (raised by Capt D.P. Driscoll during the Second Anglo-Boer War of 1899 - 1902).
However, an Irish Brigade also fought on the side of the Boer republics.
The South African Irish was formed at the outbreak of World War I in August 1914 when three officers (Major George Twomey, Captain J. Jeoffreys and a Captain MacDonald) met at the Irish Club in Johannesburg in order to raise an Irish regiment from among the citizens of Johannesburg and its surrounding areas.
After a request to The Union Defence Force (UDF) Headquarters, authority was granted to form the regiment and Lieutenant-Colonel Brennan was appointed as its first commanding officer. Major Twomey was appointed as its recruiting officer. The wife of General Louis Botha (a lady of Irish descent with the maiden name of Emmett) was appointed as the regiment's first honorary colonel.
Sources are not clear on the official date of formation of the South African Irish, but it is either 9 September or 1 December 1914. In any case, the battalion, consisting of six companies, first formed up at Booysens Camp in Johannesburg on the former date. After training, the regiment was made part of 4 South African Infantry Brigade (part of the Northern Force) and embarked from Cape Town to the (then) German South-West Africa on 21 December 1914. On 25 December 1914 the Force landed at Walvis Bay and went into action immediately. The Regiment itself first came into contact with their German enemy on the following day, barely three months after it was raised.
At the end of the campaign in South-West Africa, Active Citizen Force regiments were by law not permitted to proceed to other theatres of war as such. Special war service units were thus created to fight in East Africa and Europe. Volunteers from the South African Irish Regiment was formed, together with members of other units, into the composite 9 South African Infantry Regiment. 9 SAI campaigned in East Africa, where it earned the honours Kilimanjaro and East Africa 1916-17.
The SA Irish were formally disbanded on 31 December 1919. On 29 January 1921, at a ceremony in Johannesburg, the regiment was posthumously presented with the King's Colour by Prince Arthur of Connaught, the (then) Governor-General of the Union of South Africa, in recognition of its service in South-West Africa.
At the outbreak of World War II in 1939 the 1st South African Irish Regiment was reformed through the efforts of Major Twomey, Captains Jeoffreys and Cullinan (the latter was the son of Sir Thomas Cullinan, of diamond fame). Although the unit was designated as the 1st South African Irish a second battalion was never formed as the men intended for this second battalion were drafted to the first. In practice, the usual designation for the regiment was thus the South African Irish Regiment.
The South African Irish Regiment initially consisted of a regimental HQ, a Support Company and three infantry companies; a pipe band was later added.
After a period of training, the regiment was mobilized on 16 June 1940 under the command of Lieutenant-Colonel D.I. Somerset. It was grouped together with 2 Regiment Botha and 3 Transvaal Scottish to form the 5th South African Infantry Brigade. In July of the same year, the brigade was shipped to Kenya via the port of Durban to become part of 1st South African Infantry Division.
After concentrating at the town of Gilgil in Kenya, the regiment took part in the invasion of Southern Abyssinia on 1 February 1941, part of the East African Campaign; it distinguished itself during the fighting at El Gumu, Hobok and Banno in early February as well as during the capture of Mega on 18 February. 5 Brigade, including the South African Irish, then returned to Kenya and embarked at Mombasa on 18 April. The Brigade reached Suez in Egypt on 1 May.
In November 1941 Operation Crusader, the invasion of Libya and relief of Tobruk, began. 5 South African Infantry Brigade, together with the Transvaal Horse Artillery Regiment, took part in the fighting at Sidi Rezegh culminating on 23 November 1941 with the German armour overwhelming the Allied forces, destroying 5 Brigade, and breaking through to the Eighth Army's rear areas on the Libyan border with Egypt. The casualties of the South African Irish were extremely heavy (only 140 men of all ranks survived), including its commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel Dobbs who was wounded in the early stages of the battle (he was replaced by Major C. McN. Cochran).[1] Major Cochran then led the remnants of the battalion, along with the remaining five guns of 9th Field Battery eastwards towards the lines of the Scottish (these were the only guns in 5 Brigade which were not captured!), in an attempt to escape.[2] In addition, several members of the unit drowned while on their way to Italy by ship as prisoners of war. The survivors of the regiment served with New Zealand forces until the end of November, when they rejoined the remnants of the decimated Brigade at Mersa Matruh. Due to their heavy losses, the South African Irish and 3 Transvaal Scottish ceased to exist as independent infantry units. In February 1942, the survivors of these two battalions joining together to form a composite battalion and it was later re-constituted as 2nd Regiment Botha under command of Lt-Col Boerstra. 2nd Regiment Botha was then further reinforced with replacements coming from the 2nd Witwatersrand Rifles after which, the battalion moved by rail and in New Zealand troop carriers from Mersa Matruh to El Adem.[3] In this form, the remnants of the South African Irish were once again in action during September 1942, during the fighting at El Alamein. 11 Battery, 4 Field Regiment, South African Artillery, returned to the Union of South Africa in 1943 and was reconstituted as 4/22 Field Regiment, South African Artillery. This unit later returned to North Africa as a component of the South African 6th Armoured Division and also took part in the subsequent fighting in Italy.
The regiment received four battle honours (see below) for its service during World War II, but they were not awarded immediately because, at the time of the publication of the honours, the unit was an artillery regiment - artillery regiments in the South African Army do not carry any honours. However, when the regiment was later converted back to an infantry unit it became entitled to those honours and they were incorporated into the colour of the regiment.
Post-War
At the end of World War II it was requested that the Regiment be reformed as an infantry unit. However, as there was no intention at that time to establish additional Active Citizen Force infantry battalions, this request was refused. However, as a form of compensation, authority was granted for the formation of an artillery unit with the designation of 22 Field Regiment (South African Irish), South African Artillery. This unit was formed in June 1946 and it operated until 31 December 1959 as an artillery regiment. However, on 1 January 1960 the regiment was converted back to an infantry unit and regained its old nomenclature, the South African Irish Regiment.
Regimental Symbols
A green hackle is worn by this regiment.
The regiment wear black boots (as opposed to brown) in recognition of the near-destruction of the regiment in World War II.
The original (1914) motto of the regiment was "Quis separabit?" ("Who will separate us?"), but during World War II it changed to "Faugh-a-Ballagh" ("Clear the way"), which it has remained to the present day.
The regimental cap badge consists of the Irish harp and the regimental motto.
The regimental march was "The County Down Militia" but was later changed to "Killaloe".
When the regiment was re-formed in 1939 a Pipe Band was raised, which remained with the it until 1949, after which it became the South African Irish Regimental Association Pipe Band.
This regiment was affiliated with the London Irish Rifles in 1949.
The Freedom of the City has been conferred upon the South African Irish Regiment by both the Johannesburg and Barberton Municipalities.
United Kingdom - The Royal Irish Regiment (27th (Inniskilling) 83rd, 87th and Ulster Defence Regiment)
Battle honours
The following Battle Honours have been awarded to the regiment:
South West Africa 1914 - 1915
East Africa 1940 - 1941
Western Desert 1941 - 1943
Sidi Rezegh
Note: As the regiment was virtually wiped out during the fighting at Sidi Rezegh in November 1941, no further World War II Battle Honours were awarded.
Regimental Website
↑ Agar-Hamilton Pg263
↑ Ibid
↑ Orpen Pg179
Agar-Hamilton, J.A.I. & Turner, L.F.C. The Sidi Rezeg Battles: 1941. 1957, Oxford University Press, Cape Town.
Orpen, N. War in the Desert: South African Forces World War II: Volume III. 1971, Purnell, Cape Town.
Infantry regiments of South Africa
Irish regiments


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FN 303 Tactical Less Lethal Launcher Adds Modular Officer Customization
FN SCAR Finally Adds Non-Reciprocating Charging Handle
LAPD Selects FN 509 MRD-LE as its new Duty Pistol for Officers
FN 303 Mk2: Less Lethal System Launcher Updated for Law Enforcement
FN Wins Army Contract for M240 Machine Gun, Spare Receivers
NATO Standardizes the FN 5.7x28mm Cartridge for Small Arms
Joining the 5.56x45 and 7.62x51, the FN 5.7x28mm gains acceptance by NATO for standard small caliber ammunition for allied forces.
FN America Wins Army Contract for Belt-Fed FN M249 SAW
The US Army recently awarded FN America another contract to produce the highly maneuverable, belt-fed, 5.56mm FN M249 SAW light machine gun.
Tactical Life August/September 2020
VIDEO: The FN Five seveN vs Ruger 57 in a 5.7x28mm Pistol Battle
In this battle of pistols slinging supercharged cartridges, we put the vaunted FN Five SeveN vs the brand-new Ruger 57 to determine king of the 5.7x28mm.
FN 509 Compact Tactical: New Suppressor & Optics-Ready Compact Pistol
Both suppressor- and optics-ready, the all-new FN 509 Compact Tactical is the latest addition to the 509 series with capacities of 12+1, 15+1 and even 24+1.
US Army Awards FN $119 Million Contract to Produce M4 Carbines
Even as the Army moves toward the 6.8 and the Next Generation Squad Automatic rifle, FN scored a $119 million contract to deliver M4 carbines.
FN Awarded Contract for M240 MG Receiver Assemblies
Only months after securing a barrel contract, FN wins $10.6-million contract to produce M240 MG receiver assemblies for the U.S. Army.
FN America Releases Gray and Black Two-Tone 509 Tactical
Continuing on a theme this year, FN America launches another exclusive 509 Tactical, a striking two-tone model in battle-gray and black.
FN Releases Two-Tone 509 Tactical Exclusive to Davidson's
FN's latest 509 Tactical pistol, an exclusive two-tone model with a black frame and flat dark earth slide, delivers a unique take on the company's sidearm.
FN Announces MK 48 Machine Gun in 6.5 Creedmoor
FN adds 6.5 Creedmoor to the MK 48 Mod 2 machine gun, one of several developments and upgrades to the company's light machine gun series.
Tactical Life April/May 2019
The Civilian-Legal FN M249S Para Is as Close as It Gets to the Real Thing
Belt-fed, and featuring many common components and parts, the FN M249S Para delivers the look and feel of the U.S. military's legendary SAW.
FN America Wins Contract to Supply Machine Gun Barrels
A five-year contract will send machine gun barrels to the Army, Navy, Air Force and Marines, with a total value of up to $9.9 million.
South Carolina DNR Selects FN 15 Patrol Carbine
For the second time in weeks a SC agency, this time South Carolina DNR, selects a custom-designed FN 15 Patrol Carbine for duty.


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Family, Monday Musings, What's Next...
Facing life's worries
We all have our phobias and fears. For much of my life, that personal horror was stage fright. I'm surprised when people tell me they have never experienced the sensation of walking to a podium or settling in with their musical instrument and, suddenly, being gripped by a paralyzing fear. That dread just came naturally to me.
Working through my stage fright in order to speak from the pulpit at the Ryman Auditorium: The Mother Church of Country Music
Stage fright—or performance anxiety, as it is also known—is a condition that affects many people who have to talk for a living or want to perform for others. I've experienced it in both speaking publicly—say, for television interviews—and in playing music in any space other than my living room. If you don't address your fears, the feeling saps your confidence and energy in ways that seem to make poor performance a self-fulfilling prophecy. With work and experience, I overcame at least a part of my anxiety through the years and came to enjoy public speaking and conversation.
A little bit of online research will turn up 21.5 million results (I Googled it) around ways to combat stage fright. There are multiple TED Talks on the topic, including one by a folk singer who ended up writing a song about stage fright to help him overcome his performance anxiety. But one remedy that doesn't appear in TED Talks, Web.MD or Psychology Today came instead from a touching story told recently by Margaret Renkl, one of my new favorites among the roster of New York Times opinion writers.
Renkl, who grew up in Alabama and now lives in Nashville, recently wrote of facing a book tour unsure as to how to cope with her life-long stage fright. Knowing that her usual collection of pocket-size security blankets—her buckeye, sea shell, or worry stone—would not pull her through, she "thought of the family wedding rings."
Renkl had come into possession of several family wedding rings over the past few years, but she had never thought to wear them, and certainly not all at once. But in a lovely tale, she relays the meaning of each ring to her life and how the women who originally wore them—her mother, grandmother, great-grandmother, and mother-in-law—taught and inspired her. She felt they would give her strength for the tour, so she "took out the wedding rings of all my treasured forebears and put them on."
And just as she felt that simply thinking to wear five wedding rings in the first place was a miracle, she recounts,
"In what might be another minor miracle, for we are clearly in the realm of magical thinking here, it worked. I stood in front of microphone after microphone, spinning the thin bands around my fingers, and I looked out upon all those strangers, and, lo, I was not afraid.
Full disclosure: It's possible that menopause, which has fostered an "Oh, who in hell really cares?" attitude in me for some time now, may have dispensed with my lifelong stage fright, too, and I just never noticed, having been on no stages in recent years. But I prefer to think the family matriarchy saved me, that my beloved elders closed ranks around me, my mother and mother-in-law on one flank, my grandmother and great-grandmother on the other, to shore me up and give me strength."
I'm taking the side of the family matriarchy over menopause in this one, because I know the power of personal stories that remind us of hope in the face of suffering and hardship.
We all have stories in our past that can provide hope for the future, if we do the work to dig them out. Renkl recounts several, including how her grandmother taught school in a two-room country schoolhouse because her grandfather's farm never quite made enough income to pay the bills. In my life, I can look at a watch that my grandfather used as a conductor on the Franklin to Nashville Interurban rail line and recall that he worked multiple jobs to help get his family through the Depression. Because he was occasionally between jobs, my grandmother also ran a boarding house in their home, serving meals to workers and travelers, to make ends meet.
Hope is grounded in memory. Hope as a sense of uncertainty and coming to terms with the fact that we don't know what will happen, but we have memories that show us that good things—powerful things—can happen. Stories from our personal pasts can point towards a resilience and strength we need today.
Near the end of her story, Renkl builds on the thought of hope being grounded in memory. She writes, "Perhaps these family histories, small as they might be and utterly invisible to the world, hold the key to facing our larger worries, too, and showing the way through."
Like Renkl, I do believe these family stories and histories provide hope that is key to facing larger worries. Which is why I'll take the family matriarchy story line every time.
Installment #15 of The Gap Year Chronicles
This entry was posted in: Family, Monday Musings, What's Next...
Tagged with: Family, Family histories, Hope, Margaret Renkl, Monday Musings, Stage fright, Worries
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Adolescence: A tumultuous time in my life
By Arzoo Categories Voices Young People and Sexuality July 15, 2020
Experiences and learnings from the immediate surroundings such as the school and the family leave a deep impact on the development of an adolescent. They have shaped my own learnings and understanding about sexuality. I studied in a public co-educational school in New Delhi.
The terms 'attraction' and 'dating' were introduced to me back in 2006 when I was in the 6th standard, an eleven-year-old naïve but inquisitive girl who thought such things happened only on the big screen between actors or between grown-ups. It wasn't something that could happen between my batch-mates and that too, at such a young age. I clearly remember how two of my batch-mates dating was the cause for gossip and every joke in the classroom. The two of them were prey to mockery, taunts and embarrassments from both students and teachers. A special session was organised for my class where we were told everything has a season, fruits ripen in a particular season, climate changes according to season, and hence there is a season for 'certain' things. We were told that romance and dating were not meant for us 'children'. The two of them were given special counselling and told not to engage in any such activity as it would hinder their focus on achieving bigger goals.
At home, when I was going through puberty and got my period for the first time, I was told to stay silent about the phenomenon. I was expected not to discuss it with my younger siblings or friends. Along with this, I was bombarded with numerous tutorials on staying away from the men in the family and having to wear specific kind of clothes. The ones that covered my body, especially my growing breasts. The school also curtailed the way girls dressed by shifting uniforms from shirts and skirts to salwar suits it was getting difficult for the school authorities to regulate the length of the skirts. We were told that we could run, sit and walk freely in salwar suits and therefore, the change was good. No major changes were made to the boys' uniform except to its colour.
My family, teachers, and friends left no stone unturned in teaching me the qualities of a 'good girl'. Staying quiet, not expressing myself, being obedient and meek, not mingling with boys for purposes other than studying, were the traits of a 'good girl'. On the other hand, girls who befriended boys or were outspoken were put in the box of 'bad girl'. The 'good girl' side seemed luring and rewarding to my tiny brain, and hence I chose to stay in that box. I made friends with people who fell in the same category and avoided the group of 'bad girls'. This kind of conditioning and the restrictions imposed on me left me perplexed as many of my questions were left unanswered. Questions about bodily changes and why people were attracted to each other. These unresolved questions made me feel restless. It felt like riddles whose answers were at the bottom of the sea and there was no way to resolve them as internet usage was not that common.
This was the time I got acquainted with the terms 'gay' and 'lesbian' in whispers for the first time through a classmate. I was, once again, asked not to discuss these things with anyone. These terms were used to mock people who expressed themselves differently from what was expected from their assigned gender.
This was also the time when our curiosities around sex and contraception (especially condoms) were either overlooked or suppressed by our gatekeepers. Science classes with chapters on adolescence and puberty that were our only hope to find answers for such issues were skipped, leaving our growing minds unsettled, yet intrigued. We were made to understand that we would learn these things at 'the right time'.
I battled internal turmoil in my adolescence as I was never told how to deal with desire for another person or how to cope if they did not reciprocate. Since 'good girls' were not meant to feel this way, I had to keep these emotions to myself. Once, I opened up to my mother, but she only scolded me for going in the 'wrong' direction. I was told that that was not the 'right time' to think about 'all this' and once I grew up, I would have the opportunity to meet my 'soulmate'. I quietly accepted this as I didn't want to portray myself as a 'bad girl'. I started maintaining a distance from those friends of mine who showed an interest in boys as I had been told it was nothing but a distraction at our tender age. I was made fun of by my peers if boys showed an interest in me and it scared me so much that I complained about them to my teachers or completely cut ties with them. Now, when I look back, I regret having lost touch with people with whom I could have developed meaningful and long-lasting friendships.
Not being able to express my attraction towards the boys who expressed an interest in me had an impact on my mental and emotional wellbeing because those potential relationships died and left deep scars in my heart. This led me to grow into a person who was uncomfortable in the company of men and was afraid to express her desires openly. I started treating men as an alien species and avoided any sort of interaction with them. My anxiety level increased whenever I was teamed with my male colleagues. Not having a space where I could open up about my feelings made me lose confidence when it came to working with men. It was a long internal fight to normalise things with men and be at ease in their presence. I still struggle to stay calm or express myself freely in front of male colleagues and friends.
Therefore, working with young people on sexuality education, I believe it is my responsibility to make them aware of the internal and external changes they are going to face in the coming years, as well as to respect people's choices around gender, sexuality and their expression. Experiences during the growing-up years leave a deep impact on cognitive development and the expression of young people's sexuality, and therefore, it is necessary to nurture young people appropriately. Instead of stigmatising or closing avenues for conversation when young people talk about their dilemmas, we as adults, should take the lead to create a safe and non-judgmental environment where we can answer their queries in a comprehensive way.
Cover Image: Pixabay
Arzoo / About Author
Arzoo works as Associate in Know Your Body Know Your Rights program at The YP Foundation. She works in imparting Comprehensive sex education to adolescents in school and out of school across different locations in Delhi- NCR. Prior to this, she has carried out an independent research on health related impacts of menstrual hygiene management in slum of Mumbai among adolescent girls.
More posts by Arzoo


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Kevin Love among four NBA players to get flop warning
By Kurt HelinNov 4, 2013, 2:50 PM EST
Kevin Love is leading the league in points per game (29.7), second in rebounds per game (14.7) and so he wanted to be one of the first to get a flopping warning from the league also.
Well, congratulations, you've done it.
Love was one of four players to get a flopping warning from the league on Monday. The others were Love's teammate Corey Brewer, Patty Mills of the Spurs and the Bucks' Zaza Pachulia.
Love's came in the third quarter against the Knicks. He had the ball out by the three point line and Kevin Martin came around him, using Love as a screen. Rookie Tim Hardaway Jr. was on Martin and ran into Love, and the much larger Love went down pretty easily.
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Brewer's flop came in the fourth quarter of the same game, when he tried to follow his man Carmelo Anthony, went too low and Tyson Chandler set a screen that was giving Anthony an open look. Not able to contest the shot, Brewer ran into Chandler and tried to sell the foul as he acted like he ran into a brick wall.
Mills' flop was Friday against the Lakers. He rotated over to just outside the restricted area as the Lakers' Jordan Hill went up for a shot, and when touched he went down. Honestly, I could go either way on this one, it didn't strike me as that big an embellishment, at least compared to the first two here.
Pachulia's flop came Friday against Boston. He was standing near the elbow on defense waiting for his man Jared Sullinger to come down, and when Sullinger touched him Pachulia fell like a car hit him. It was a flop — it also worked, he got the offensive foul call.
The first time a player is deemed to flop by the league he gets a warning, the second time it is a $5,000 fine and the fines go up from there by $5,000 increments. We saw last year this was largely ineffective but the league decided to stick with the same plan that wasn't working this year. Expect more of these warnings and some fines to come. Not that it changes anything.


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See Valverde's Message After He Was Sacked As Barcelona's Manager
by Joba Ogunwale
in La Liga, News
The former Athletic Bilbao was sacked as Barcelona's manager after more than two years in charge, but he harbours no hard feelings towards the club.
In a message that was made available on Barcelona's official website, Valverde thanked the club's board for giving him the opportunity to manage an illustrious club like Barcelona.
He also thanked the players with whom he won four trophies during his time at Camp Nou. The 55-year-old won two consecutive La Liga titles, one Copa Del Rey and one Super Cup. He managed 145 games for Barcelona, winning 96, drawing 35 and losing just 16.
Valverde's statement on Barcelona's official website read: My time as FC Barcelona coach has come to an end. It has been an intense two and a half years right from the start. In that time I have enjoyed some joyful moments celebrating victories and trophies but also others that have been tough and difficult. However, above all, I would like to highlight my experience with the fans and the affection showed towards me during my time as coach.
I would like to thank the president Josep Maria Bartomeu and the Board of Directors for giving me the opportunity to coach the first team and their confidence during all this time. I would also like to thank all the people I have worked with at the Club for their support and how they treated me during the two and a half seasons, especially those who work in and around the first team and with whom I have shared so many moments at the Ciutat Esportiva and during away trips. Of course, I would like to thank the players for all their efforts that have allowed us to claim four trophies together. From this day, I wish them all the luck in the world and to the new coach Quique Setién also.
All the best to everyone.
The Blaugrana have since announced former Real Betis manager Quique Setién as Valverde's replacement. He will be in charge until 2022. Barcelona return to La Liga action this weekend when they host Granada on Sunday.
Tags: BarcelonaErnesto ValverdeLa Liga
Joba Ogunwale
Oluwajoba Ogunwale has many years of experience as a sports content writer. The most recent of these was at Opera News, after which he took up the role of Editor-in-Chief at Soccernet.
Pingback: See Valverde's Message After He Was Sacked As Barcelona's Manager - Cardiblogger


AROUND 11 p.m. on a Friday this past spring, Ted Leo, a singer and songwriter considered something of a legend in New York punk and indie-rock, opened a raucous late set at the Black Cat club in Washington with a curious greeting to his followers.
Mr. Hayes, the host of MSNBC's new morning weekend political talk show, was padding around his apartment in Park Slope, Brooklyn, early the next day when e-mails started popping up from excited friends who had been at the concert. He was getting used to surging ratings and frequent mentions on The Huffington Post. But a shout-out from Ted Leo?
Word of "Up w/Chris Hayes" has spread beyond a few hundred punk fans. In less than a year on television (and with a chirpy voice, a weakness for gesticulation and a tendency to drop honors-thesis words like "signifier" into casual conversation), Mr. Hayes has established himself as Generation Y's wonk prince of the morning political talk-show circuit.
But even with his grad-student sensibility and a program that resembles a dorm-room bull session, Mr. Hayes has attracted a cult following, particularly among frustrated hyper-educated members of the Occupy Wall Street generation who are seemingly fed up with the partisan bickering that prevails in Washington and passes as political discourse on the airwaves.
Like Deadheads or Trekkies, fans of the program cluster under a common nickname: Uppers.
Credit for the nickname goes to Wyeth Ruthven, a public relations consultant in Washington, who coined the #uppers Twitter hashtag as a joke about the program's early broadcast time last October, a couple of weeks after it began. The term quickly went viral after Mr. Hayes (who monitors his Twitter feed on a MacBook Pro beside him as cameras roll, and often invokes viewer tweets on air) retweeted Mr. Ruthven. Within weeks, hundreds were joining the spirited #uppers debates on issues like gay marriage and industrial farming. Viewers now post more than 6,000 comments every weekend.
Social media, in fact, have played an unusually important role in driving traffic to the program, an MSNBC spokeswoman said. About 45 percent of the visitors to the program's Web site, which contains complete episodes, linked through sites like Facebook and Twitter. In April, those users spent an average of 51 minutes on the site each visit.
But Twitter is still the hotbed of "Up" fandom. Even so, the program's feed is not just an online clubhouse for New York media types like Lizz Winstead, a creator of "The Daily Show," and members of Le Tigre, the too-cool electro-pop band. Cher and Chad Ochocinco have chimed in, too.
Whatever their political leanings, fans are responding out of frustration with the status quo, said Jim Rosenberg, a recruiting consultant in Greensboro, N.C., and frequent tweeter. "It's the pent-up demand for voices other than the well-rehearsed and seasoned insider professionals who have dominated television delivering practiced meaninglessness for years," he said.
"Up" comes off as a rebuke to traditional cable shout-fests like CNN's late "Crossfire." Thanks to its early weekend time slot, the program has the freedom to unwind over two hours each Saturday and Sunday. Guests are encouraged to go deep into the issues of the week, and not try to score cheap-shot points to win the debate.
It is a point that Mr. Hayes hammered home at 7:15 a.m. on a recent Saturday, when he strode into the green room off Studio 3A at 30 Rockefeller Center to fill in two guests, both college professors, on the ground rules.
An hour later, as the cameras rolled, Mr. Hayes and his guests waded thigh-deep into an analysis of private equity and whether it is bad for the economy. At a table of wonks, Mr. Hayes, who studied the philosophy of mathematics at Brown, came off as the wonkiest as he deconstructed the budgetary implications of tax arbitrage. Opinions were varied and passionate, but there was no sniping, no partisan grandstanding.
While MSNBC's overall ratings dipped in May along with those of other news channels, Mr. Hayes's program was one of the few to surge, rising about 15 percent in total viewers over MSNBC's programming in the time slot from the previous year. Since Dec. 26, it has been No. 1 on average in its Sunday time slot on cable news channels among viewers ages 18 to 34, according to Nielsen figures provided by the network. Despite much of the country being in bed when it is on, "Up" has occasionally flirted with the ratings of prime-time programs like "The Rachel Maddow Show" (hosted by Mr. Hayes's mentor) among those 18-to-34 viewers.
So far, success does not seem to be going to his head.
A life of reflection in the ivory tower now seems a long way off. In the last year, he started his first TV talk show, had his first child (a daughter, Ryan, by his wife, Kate Shaw, a law professor) and published his first book ("Twilight of the Elites: America After Meritocracy," released June 12).
His professional life has been a sprint since he vaulted from a staff job at In These Times, a socialist-leaning newspaper in Chicago, to The Nation, where was named Washington bureau chief at 28. From that perch, he became a regular guest on Ms. Maddow's program and eventually started substituting for her as a guest host. Phil Griffin, the MSNBC president, offered him his own program in the spring of 2011.
So far, their decision to go live and deep without a teleprompter every weekend has paid dividends, but it also carries risks.
Over Memorial Day weekend, for example, Mr. Hayes took his first banana-cream pie in the food fight that is contemporary American political discourse. Dissecting the political rhetoric used in regard to American veterans, he explained that he was "uncomfortable" with the word "hero" as it is tossed around by politicians. "It seems to me it is so rhetorically proximate to justifications for more war," he said.
Mr. Hayes issued a lengthy apology before the next week's program ("I fell short in a crucial moment"). But in the broadcast that followed, nothing changed.


text:
Understanding Personal Information : Managing Privacy Risks
Eloise Gratton, Understanding Personal Information : Managing Privacy Risks, LexisNexis, 2013, 515 pages.
store.lexisnexis.ca
From user profiles and location information to IP addresses and RFID, the world of information technology has evolved at a rapid pace, exposing both individuals and organizations to new levels of risk – and responsibility. Yet, data protection and privacy laws are still applying a definition of "personal information" that was developed in the 1970s. It's time to take a fresh look at the definition and develop a new legal framework for assessing which data should be classified as personal information. And that's precisely what this publication, Understanding Personal Information: Managing Privacy Risks, aims to do. This book was quoted by the Supreme Court of Canada in the recent decision Alberta (Information and Privacy Commissioner) v. UFCW, Local 401, 2013 SCC 62.
This content has been updated on August 17, 2015 at 15 h 05 min.


text:
/**
 * Copyright 2012/09-2013/04, 2013/11-Present, University of Massachusetts Amherst
 * Copyright 2013/05-2013/10, IPSoft Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package com.clearnlp.nlp.engine;

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import org.kohsuke.args4j.Option;
import org.w3c.dom.Element;

import com.clearnlp.classification.feature.JointFtrXml;
import com.clearnlp.nlp.develop.IDeveloper;
import com.clearnlp.util.UTArgs4j;
import com.clearnlp.util.UTFile;
import com.clearnlp.util.UTXml;

/**
 * @since 1.3.0
 * @author Jinho D. Choi ({@code jdchoi77@gmail.com})
 */
public class NLPGenerate extends NLPDevelop
{
	@Option(name="-b", usage="the beginning index (required)", required=true, metaVar="<directory>")
	protected int b_idx = -1;
	@Option(name="-e", usage="the endding index (required)", required=true, metaVar="<directory>")
	protected int e_idx = -1;
	@Option(name="-ie", usage="input file extension (default: .*)", required=false, metaVar="<regex>")
	protected String s_inputExt = ".*";

	public NLPGenerate()
	{
		super();
	}

	public NLPGenerate(String[] args)
	{
		UTArgs4j.initArgs(this, args);

		try
		{
			generate(s_configFile, s_featureFiles.split(DELIM_FILENAME), s_trainDir, s_inputExt, s_mode, b_idx, e_idx);
		}
		catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
	}

	public void generate(String configFile, String[] featureFiles, String trainDir, String inputExt, String mode, int bIdx, int eIdx) throws Exception
	{
		String[]  trainFiles = UTFile.getSortedFileListBySize(trainDir, inputExt, true), devFiles;
		Element      eConfig = UTXml.getDocumentElement(new FileInputStream(configFile));
		JointFtrXml[]   xmls = getFeatureTemplates(featureFiles);
		IDeveloper generator = getDeveloper(mode);
		int i;

		try
		{
			for (i=bIdx; i<eIdx; i++)
			{
				devFiles = new String[]{trainFiles[i]};
				generator.develop(eConfig, xmls, trainFiles, devFiles, mode, true, i);
			}
		}
		catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();}
	}

	static public void main(String[] args)
	{
		new NLPGenerate(args);
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Europe's populists can't be defeated — but they can be contained
It worked against communism. There's no reason it can't work with right-wing nationalism.
By	Maciej Kisilowski and Anna Wojciuk
Marine Le Pen's National Rally came out on top in France in the European election | Philippe Huguen/AFP via Getty Images
The European election confronts us with a somber reality: Right-wing populism is now a major force in Europe — and it is here to stay.
Forget the doomsday predictions about the end of the Continent's liberal order, or dreams of a miraculous return of the "end of history." Those are as overblown as they are prevalent.
The liberal order can be protected from populism — using a strategy that's already proved successful against a powerful ideological threat. Right-wing populism can't be rolled back, but it can be contained.
After World War II, Western democracies squared off against communism with the strategy of containment. There's no reason they can't do the same again with right-wing nationalism. That will mean forgoing futile feel-good attempts to roll back populist advances, in exchange for an approach that keeps up the pressure until the opponents of the liberal order collapse under their own contradictions.
The logic of containment, first outlined in the famous 1946 cable by U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan, runs counter to the instincts of many of populism's fiercest opponents. Countless commentators have criticized the European Union for its inability to bring Polish, Hungarian and Italian nationalists to heel. In some quarters, especially in France, some have called for politicians to aggressively punish the United Kingdom for its populist-inspired vote to leave the EU.
In practice, we should waste no opportunity to up the cost of illiberal politics, but we need to do so selectively and proportionally.
In both cases, however, EU leaders are wise not to pick fights they can't win. Just as Kennan's containment doctrine pushed back against those attempting to needlessly escalate the fight with the Soviet Union, it also points to a more realistic way forward today.
Containment is about separating our assessment of the political reality from the outcome we morally desire. Today, the facts speak for themselves: Populists have seized more than a quarter of seats in the European Parliament and run governments representing more than a quarter of the (post-Brexit) EU population.
Which Euroskeptic parties have the most momentum?
Ryan Heath, Cornelius Hirsch and Francesco Piccinelli
Populist tide rises but fails to flood EU
Matthew Karnitschnig
Support for populists is also far from fleeting. Hungary has had an illiberal government for almost a decade now. In France, Marine Le Pen's nationalists, who came out ahead of the beleaguered French President Emmanuel Macron's liberals, have posed a serious threat since the 2002 presidential election. Poland's right-wing Law and Justice (PiS) party, which took power in 2015, trounced the opposition this weekend, with over 40 percent of the vote. And, one year into its government, Italy's League is successfully eating up the support of the relatively more moderate 5Star movement and shows no signs of slowing down.
That's another parallel to the containment effort against communism. Just as post-World War II Europe had to contend with the existence of a robust alternative to liberal democracy, Europe's liberal leaders today need to understand that the illiberal right will remain a major political force for the foreseeable future. Practically speaking, mainstream pro-European parties will sometimes have to work with the populists in order to achieve consensus on key issues such as the new EU budget and the Union's negotiating position in Brexit talks.
Viktor Orban's illiberal government had led Hungary for nearly a decade now | Ferenc Isza/AFP via Getty Images
What this does not mean is that they have to agree with populist leaders on a moral level or accept them as "normal." On the contrary: The Cold War doctrine of containment diverged greatly from the type of appeasement proposed by those who wanted to accept communism as just "another way of life." We must be similarly firm in refusing to compromise the moral superiority of equality over bigotry and of democracy and the rule of law over authoritarianism.
In practice, we should waste no opportunity to up the cost of illiberal politics, but we need to do so selectively and proportionally. The EU's decision to open Article 7 proceedings against Poland and Hungary for breaches in the rule of law set a positive example. To be sure, the Commission may not have the votes in the European Council to enforce sanctions against either government. But that does not render these measures meaningless. The proceedings have sent a clear signal to Hungarian and Polish societies and weakened the legitimacy of Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán and the leader of Poland's ruling party, Jarosław Kaczyński.
In time, irrational political projects collapse under their own weight. In the case of communism, it took decades of patient and carefully calibrated actions for that prediction to materialize.
There are signs that the paradoxes inherent in right-wing populism are even more startling than those of Soviet communism. You cannot "keep migrants out" and pay for the growing number of pensioners. As a mid-sized nation-state, you cannot both "take back control" and strengthen your position in the global economy. You cannot make government more accountable to "the people" at the same time as you destroy independent institutions. And you cannot build an innovative economy while stifling critical thinking.
Brexit is perhaps the best example of how those contradictions play out, and how quickly that can happen. Less than three years after the triumphant jubilation of populists and xenophobes following the 2016 British referendum, last week we all witnessed the utter, teary humiliation of a prime minister forced to admit she had failed to find a viable solution for taking Britain out of the EU.
Europe's democrats needn't panic. Instead, they should focus on supporting good governance in the majority of EU countries they still control.
There are signs of weakness elsewhere as well. Austria's Freedom Party is going through yet another collapse of its leadership. Poland's PiS is under attack on a number of fronts, including its close relationship with a Catholic Church mired in scandals, its ham-handed educational reforms and loose fiscal policy. In Italy, while the far-right League party continues to gain support, its coalition partner the 5Star Movement is faltering in places where it scored its first victories, most notably in the city government of Rome.
Carl von Clausewitz, the Prussian strategy guru, rightly observed that a defensive posture offers important advantages. Europe's democrats needn't panic. Instead, they should focus on supporting good governance in the majority of EU countries they still control. Showcasing positive examples of how the liberal state can deal with the challenges of globalization is worth far more than any amount of moral outrage.
Maciej Kisilowski is associate professor of law and public management at the Central European University in Vienna and Budapest. Anna Wojciuk is associate professor of international relations at the University of Warsaw.
Elections in Europe
Euroskeptics
Viktor Orbán
To stay safe, Dutch synagogue operates by invitation only
Amid a surge of anti-Semitic attacks across Europe, Groningen's Jewish community is keeping a low profile.
Don't mainstream the far right
Providing a platform for extremists helps fuel their advance.
Britain's Yellow Jacket election
The great new divide in the UK's electoral map is 'Metropolis versus Periphery.'


"The law and the system"
The Federated States of Transterra (FST), commonly known as the Federated States, or Transterra, is a Federal presidential constitutional republic and self-declared independent nation-state located in the continent of North America in the State of New York and State of Missouri, United States.
The nation consists of two states so far, the State of Verraland and the State of Judesberg. Currently, there are only two other states or territories comprised in the federation. Transterra's government and policies are mainly influenced by the United States, France and other former North American republics.
The name of Transterra comes from the the Latin word, Trans which means across or beyond. Terra comes from the Latin word which means land or territory. Ultimately, Transterra means "The land and territory across and beyond". The name refers to Transterra's non-contiguous, federal structure.
Before the conception of Transterra, there were other micro-state incarnations led by Edward Daniels, the founder of Transterra. Micronationalism was first discovered by Daniels in 2015. Documentaries that expanded Daniels' knowledge of micronations include How to Start Your Own Country and A Tiny Spark. These documentaries helped Daniels to understand the realm of micronationalism and led him to establish his first micronation, the Kingdom of Edwardia. The Kingdom of Edwardia is the earliest micronation founded by Daniels. It was founded on September 20, 2015 and claimed the land that the State of Verraland is apart of today. Daniels, excited by the notion of micronationalism, began to tell his school friends about it. Shortly after, some of Daniels friends created their own micronations. The two most notable micronations founded by Daniels' friends were the Democracy of the Long Isle and the Kingdom of Cydonia. The leader of Long Isle, RJ of the Long Isle, discovered the Forums and found that more people like him were also micronationalists and were involved in more advanced community related discussions and diplomacy with other micronations from around the world. Upon the discovery of the forums, MicroWiki was also discovered by Daniels and his fellow micronationalists. On October 29, 2015, Daniels ceded the land claimed by Edwardia to the Democracy of the Long Isle. The reasons for this are unknown, but it was possibly for the creation of another micronation after being inspired by the forums and the wiki. Since October 29, 2015, handfuls of other micro-states were established, but to no avail, they eventually would collapse. The most notable micronation that was founded during this period was the Vlastist State of Luktonia. The Vlastist State was an authoritarian nation-state that arose to prominence after a successful rocket launch. After the collapse of the Vlastist State, Custosia would be founded.
The Grand Principality of Custosia was founded on July 16, 2016. The land claimed by Custosia was the same land claimed by all other incarnation nation-states that Daniels previously established. On July 22, 2016, Custosia joined the forums, making direct contact with other micronations. At this time, Edward Daniels was known as the Grand Prince of Custosia. Soon after, the Grand Principality of Custosia would change its name to the Kingdom of Custosia. The name change was due to the fact that Custosia gained more land, making the nation-state much bigger than a principality. This incarnation, known as the First Kingdom of Custosia, would eventually collapse on October 7, 2016. The collapse of the First Kingdom was mainly due to influence on the forums.
After the collapse of the First Kingdom, Custosia would go through a small state of inactivity. On October 10, the Republic of New Custosia was founded after being inspired by ideas of republicanism. New Custosia was intended to be a stable successor to the First Kingdom, but due to the lack of citizens for a functioning democracy, New Custosia would eventually collapse too. Attempts to preserve New Custosia were made by now proclaimed President Daniels, but failed. These attempts were made on December 30, 2016. On January 1, 2017, New Custosia would dissolve.
After the collapse of New Custosia, former President Edward Daniels was convinced to re-establish the monarchy. In January of 2017, the Second Kingdom of Custosia was established. The main goal of the Second Kingdom was to join the GUM. Unfortunately, because of Custosia's previous incarnations and instabilities, the GUM voted against Custosia's accession to the organization. The Second Kingdom would eventually dissolve out of the humiliation of the proposed GUM accession.
After the fall of the Second Kingdom, Custosia would be admitted into the Thegn-Hold of Siar Fordell. The Thegn of Siar Fordell, Ser John Marshall, had approached Edward of Custosia to establish a fiefdom under the rule of Siar Fordell. The goal was to establish a feudal state under Siar Fordell's rule and influence and then decalre independence from Siar Fordell and establish a new Custosian kingdom. The Fiefdom of Custosia was established on February 20, 2017. Other nations such as the Shorewellese Empire would offer puppet state status to the remnants of Custosia. Edward was given the title of Lord Edward of Custosia and ruled the fiefdom until April 23, 2017. Under Edward's rule, Custosia would practice democratic referendums for the first time. A pivotal referendum took place on March 18, 2017 to ban and persecute the LGBTQ community in Custosia. The action was put into effect by the Anti-LGBTQ Act which was in law before the referendum. The act and referendum brought disgrace to Custosia. On April 19, 2017, Custosians would vote to leave Siar Fordell and establish a new kingdom.
The Third Kingdom was established on April 23, 2017. It would be the last nation-state incarnation of Custosia. The Third Kingdom was established as an absolute monarchy, but was awaiting possible government reform after the first and last contested election in Custosian history. Prior to the election, newly proclaimed King of the Third Kingdom, Edward I, abolished the Anti-LGBTQ Act which helped relieve some of Custosia's controversy. After the election, Artemis Langford of the Green-Socialist Party and Christopher Woods of the Royalist Party formed a coalition government after an electoral tie. Shortly after, Custosia would go through numerous periods of inactivity. Around August of 2017, The Third Kingdom would eventually collapse, ending all further incarnations of Custosia.
On May 5, 2018, the Declaration of Independence of the Federated States of Transterra was written and signed by Edward Daniels, who proclaimed himself first President of the Federated States of Transterra and established a provisional republic. At this time, the Federated States only consisted of one state, the State of Verraland, which was the capital state for the Federated States. On June 14, 2018, the Transterrian Lounge was established, a Skype citizenship community for Transterrian citizens. The Lounge was an historic moment for Transterra as it brought its citizens closer and established an official community. Between June 15 and June 17, 2018, Daniels began writing his first draft of the Constitution of the Federated States of Transterra. On June 17, 2018, the Constitutional Convention of Transterra was founded. On June 18 and June 19, 2018, Daniels invited Connor Stumperth to help write the second draft of the Constitution. Ultimately, Stumperth's draft of the Constitution was the final revision and current draft of the Constitution. On June 19, 2018, the Constitution was ratified by the Constitutional Convention of Transterra and was signed by Daniels, Stumperth, Alexander von Hapsburg, and Andy Irons. These signatories are consider to be the founding fathers of modern day Transterra.
Since the drafting of the Constitution on June 19, 2018, the Federated States of Transterra officially became a federal presidential constitutional republic. On June 21, 2018, Daniels established the Emergency Legislature of Transterra. The Emergency Legislature has been active ever since and plays a crucial role in the government. On July 22, 2018, the Federated States held its first presidential election. On July 21, 2018, the Free Sylvana Territory was established. Daniels proclaimed himself Territorial Governor. On August 1, 2018, Edward Daniels was appointed Secretary of Culture and the ELA voted for Horatio Eden to become the Chair of the ELA. On August 14, 2018, The Transterrian Lounge moved to Discord. On September 9, 2018, Horatio Eden stepped down as Chair of the ELA. Edward Daniels became the 3rd Chair of the ELA. On October 6, 2018, Transterra joined Konmalehth and the Micronational Statistics Bureau. On November 6, 2018, Daniels declared his candidacy for the presidency. On December 22, 2018, Edward Daniels won the election for the presidency and the Libertarian Party won the most seats in the Federal Assembly. Transterra also voted in a referendum to join the Grand Unified Micronational which was successful. The legislative body of Transterra, the Federal Assembly, is set to open on January 12, 2019. The 1st Federal Assembly will be a Libertarian majority. Nicholas Randouler is set to become Transterra's first Majority Leader of the Federal Assembly.
On July 24, 2018, the 2018 presidential election resulted in a tie between Connor Stumperth and Alexander von Habsburg. Since there was no clause in the Constitution that states what would happen in an electoral tie, no victor was declared and a constitutional crisis occurred. On July 25, 2018, the crisis ended when the Emergency Legislature adopted a new amendment regarding electoral ties and voted for Connor Stumperth. Connor Stumperth was elected 2nd President of the Federated States of Transterra. On July 29, Stumperth was inaugurated as President.
The Federated States of Transterra is officially a Federal presidential constitutional republic. The executive branch of government consists of the Office of the President of the Federated States. According to the Constitution, the President of the Federated States is granted executive powers and can serve a term of five months along with the Vice President. The President can renew their term only once.
The legislative branch of government is the Emergency Legislature of Transterra, also known as the Emergency Legislative Assembly. According to the Constitution, their is no mention of the Emergency Legislature. The only mention of a legislative body is the Federal Assembly of Transterra. This body has not been founded yet due to a lack in citizen representation. The Emergency Legislature acts as the official legislature until the creation of the Federal Assembly. Currently, the Emergency Legislature is composed of five members who vote on bills which once signed, become laws under the President. The presiding officer or speaker of the Emergency Legislature is known as the Chair of the Emergency Legislature.
The judicial branch of government is the Supreme Court of Transterra. The Supreme Court has not been founded yet, but according to the constitution, the Supreme Court is composed of the Chief Judge of the Supreme Court who is appointed by the President. The rest of Supreme Court is made up of Chief Judges from the federal state's courts. The Supreme Court determines whether the government's actions are lawful and constitutional.
The Federated States of Transterra is composed of only three states as of September 29, 2018. They are all in the Northern hemisphere. Federal states in Transterra have their own government and leader. The leader of the multiple states are known as Governors. None of the following states however have a functioning government, there for they're for the most part ruled absolutely by the Governors. No states have ratified or adopted a state constitution yet.
The State of Verraland and the State of Sylvana are located in the State of New York in the United States. The State of Judesberg is the only state located outside of the New York area. Judesberg is located in the State of Missouri.
Transterra's culture is mainly influenced by American culture as well as British culture. However, there are strong traces of Italian culture and Irish culture within Transterra during different holidays. The roots of Transterra's culture can be traced back to the British colonization of the Americas. The three biggest subsets of Transterrian culture derives from Music, Visual arts and Folklore. Internet culture is also very common in Transterra. Demographically and ethnically, Transterra is considered to be very diverse.
Music is perhaps one of the most cherished aspects of Transterrian culture. Rock and roll music is perhaps one of the most favorite genres of music within Transterra along with Progressive rock and hard rock. Rush, a Canadian progressive band has the most influence in Transterrian music by far. Other bands such as Yes, Black Sabbath and Iron Maiden also have some significant influence within Transterra. These bands have influenced the creation of a Pre-Transterran era band known as Ridler. Ridler can be traced back to the late 1970s, nearly 40 years before Transterra's conception. Ridler is also an acclaimed band witihin Transterra and Long Island, New York.
During the Summertime, music is often played much often in time for concerts and Summer celebrations. During the Winter, Christmas music is often enjoyed.
Visual arts in Transterra are also highly praised. Artistry mainly flourishes in Verraland, where pop-culture artwork and counterculture artwork is very popular. Most of the artwork created often depicts characters from video games or cartoons. Chinese ceramics are also very popular in Transterrian culture. A popular collection of Chinese ceramics can be found on display in Verraland. Films are also very popular all across Transterra. Films such as the March of the Wooden Soldiers are a classic among some Transterrians around Thanksgiving and Christmas. Other movies such as The Lord of the Rings Trilogy and the The Hobbit Trilogy are also favorites among many Transterrans.
Folklore and Literature is the least popular aspect of Transterrian culture overall. Literature praised by some Transterrians include the Lord of the Rings, The Hobbit, Macbeth, Lord of the Flies and the various Harry Potter books. Transterrians mainly enjoy literature from the 20th century and even the late 19th century with classic authors such as J.R.R. Tolkien, Robin Louis Stevenson, Bran Stoker and Charles Dickens.
This page was last edited on 24 April 2019, at 18:34.


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A popular gay rights lawyer and environmental advocate set himself on fire in protest against climate change.
The charred remains of 60-year-old David Buckel were found by passers-by in Brooklyn's Prospect Park, New York City on Saturday. Police said he was pronounced dead at around 6.30am.