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What is Tom Bombadil's importance in The Lord of the Rings?
Asked 1 year ago
Tom Bombadil is definitely one of the weirdest characters in all of The Lord of the Rings, he just comes out of nowhere, stumbling upon Frodo and Sam while singing. His actions are just incredibly unusual compared to the other characters in LotR. My question is for what reason does Tolkien add Bombadil into his story? How is he important to the development of the story?
j-r-r-tolkien the-lord-of-the-rings
Mark SMark S
I suspect it's more a case of Tolkein being reluctant to throw it away, rather than wanting to include it as an essential part of the story. Bombadil does rescue the hobbits from the barrow wights. – Mick Dec 29 '19 at 19:56
Interesting read: scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/1586/… – pip install frisbee Dec 30 '19 at 13:13
What always struck me was that Tolkein was not only proficient in writing prose, but poetry as well! LOTR is filled with songs and poems Tolkein wrote himself. I always felt it was part of the world he wanted to create. He wanted to add poetry, and Tom Bombadil was a great character for it. That's not the only reason, but I felt it was a main one for this character odditity. – Issel Dec 30 '19 at 13:33
FWIW, when I read LoTR I did not find Tom Bombadil to be out of place at all. To me, Tom Bombadil was clearly an enlightened being in Middle Earth. Perhaps it's because (tales of) enlightened beings are common in my culture (I am from India) that I did not find Tom Bombadil weird (dare I say, even relatable?). A few years ago I came across a short essay that expressed the same view very well, namely that Tom Bombail is a "Buddha", perhaps you will find this perspective interesting too. – user5387 Dec 30 '19 at 18:38
The Lord of the Rings is not a tightly edited series of books. Some editors would have had Tolkien remove poems, allusions to legends, and lots of other details. They contribute to world-building, but some would say they take focus away from the main story. This is a stylistic choice. Tolkien and his fans like having these extras; some people do not and write in a style where things are only included if they have a specific reason. – Mike Jan 8 '20 at 7:55
Bombadil is indeed an anomaly, and does not appear to fit very well into Tolkien's overall narrative. He comes from nowhere (although he has been there all along, unobserved), and disappears equally abruptly from the story. Unless the author has given us some hints about the character's relevance, we are reduced to speculation, so let us just consider the mechanics of the story.
Tolkien has to get the four hobbits from Crickhollow to Bree, where they will meet Aragorn, unharmed, and without Gandalf to protect them; and yet they need to have some adventures on the way, otherwise the story becomes uninteresting. Gandalf's absence is Tolkien's biggest problem, and so Bombadil is basically a (slightly unreliable) stand-in for Gandalf.
The hobbits are in no position to face the nine riders on their own. Neither can they just walk through the Old Forest and have a pleasant hike to Bree. So, we have Old Man Willow, which Bombadil rescues the hobbits from, and then the barrow wights, where he rescues them again, and in between these two escapades, a pleasant interlude in Bombadil's house, with Goldberry and plenty of food and rhyming verse.
I have a suspicion that Tolkien had some attachment to Bombadil. Maybe Bombadil represents the author, since he is older than any other living thing in Middle Earth, and is unaffected by the power of the One Ring, and presumably, he is also unaffected by the destruction of the ring at the story's climax. Only an author has this much power to do as he pleases in his own stories. Tolkien is, perhaps, pulling a Hitchcock on us, since the director liked to make cameo appearances in his own films.
In the Council of Elrond, Gandalf is right when he says that they cannot give the Ring to Bombadil, since he would probably just lose it. With the Ring in his own pocket, Tolkien loses the plot.
MickMick
In, The Letters of J.R.R. Tolkien, no 19, Tolkien explained that Tom was meant to represent "the spirit of the (vanishing) Oxford and Berkshire countryside". Tolkien was quite attached to that "spirit", and much of LotR can be seen as a nostalgic love-letter to that countryside of his youth, and dealing with its disappearance (for example in the Scouring of the Shire). – Jin Long Dec 30 '19 at 23:13
In Tolkien's cosmology, evil redoundeth only to Eru's great glory. The Witch King has awakened evil trees and barrow wights, and Tom must help the hobbits thru his realm. This leads to Merry picking up a very important short sword. Evil deeds backfire on the do-er - the Witch King - in unexpected ways. – Phlip Jan 1 '20 at 22:48
Tolkien said that Bombadil represented a sort of passive pacifism, which was important to represent in the story but couldn't play much of a role in the actual plot.
From Tolkien's Letters, letter #144:
Tom Bombadil is not an important person – to the narrative. I suppose he has some importance as a 'comment'. I mean, I do not really write like that: he is just an invention (who first appeared in the Oxford Magazine about 1933), and he represents something that I feel important, though I would not be prepared to analyze the feeling precisely. I would not, however, have left him in, if he did not have some kind of function. I might put it this way. The story is cast in terms of a good side, and a bad side, beauty against ruthless ugliness, tyranny against kingship, moderated freedom with consent against compulsion that has long lost any object save mere power, and so on; but both sides in some degree, conservative or destructive, want a measure of control. but if you have, as it were taken 'a vow of poverty', renounced control, and take your delight in things for themselves without reference to yourself, watching, observing, and to some extent knowing, then the question of the rights and wrongs of power and control might become utterly meaningless to you, and the means of power quite valueless. It is a natural pacifist view, which always arises in the mind when there is a war. But the view of Rivendell seems to be that it is an excellent thing to have represented, but that there are in fact things with which it cannot cope; and upon which its existence nonetheless depends. Ultimately only the victory of the West will allow Bombadil to continue, or even to survive. Nothing would be left for him in the world of Sauron.
In Letter #20, Tolkien also reveals the out-of-universe inspiration for Bombadil:
Do you think Tom Bombadil, the spirit of the (vanishing) Oxford and Berkshire countryside, could be made into the hero of a story? Or is he, as I suspect, fully enshrined in the enclosed verses?
The other answers have some good analysis of Bombadil and his role and purpose, but I thought it would also be useful to have what the author himself said about his intentions in introducing the character.
There is also some existing discussion of this and other related issues on the Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange, which I checked before posting this answer:
Who or what was Tom Bombadil?
Why was Tom Bombadil so unconcerned about the fate of Middle-earth?
In Tolkien's opinion, does Tom Bombadil (and the concept of pacifism) actually hold any power?
Rand al'Thor♦Rand al'Thor
is there any online version of : he is just an invention (who first appeared in the Oxford Magazine about 1933) ? – Olivier Dulac Dec 30 '19 at 11:20
Seems to me that the author's statement of the reason should be the accepted answer, rather than our opinions. – WGroleau Dec 30 '19 at 16:24
@WGroleau Not necessarily. A well-supported speculation can be worth at least as much as a plain quote from the author. We've got some interesting questions about these issues here on this site: see The author of a literary work disagrees with critics about meaning—who's right? and How much weight should we give authors' declarations of their intent after the fact? – Rand al'Thor♦ Dec 30 '19 at 18:52
We should give the author credit for knowing his own mind—else call him a liar. – WGroleau Dec 31 '19 at 8:23
@WGroleau Well, that's why I posted this answer - it's certainly useful and relevant information. But other interpretations might also be interesting; knowing the author's intented meaning doesn't necessarily invalidate other meanings that might come out from the text. (Full disclosure: I haven't actually read the other answers here well enough to vote on them yet, so I don't know how plausible or well-supported they all are.) – Rand al'Thor♦ Dec 31 '19 at 16:23
Bombadil is also part of the world-building. He's part of the world, and his whole purpose in it is something that nobody short of Eru fully understands.
Tolkien mentions things like this in passing. Gandalf, after his returning from his trip Outside, mentions some creatures at the very nadir of his fall in Moria:
Far, far below the deepest delving of the Dwarves, the world is gnawed by nameless things. Even Sauron knows them not. They are older than he. Now I have walked there, but I will bring no report to darken the light of day.
The maps that Tolkien made include a lot of places the the hobbits never see, and some that are not even named in the narrative.
It's all done to give the reader a picture of a world that is not only larger than the Shire, but is also far older.
Do you think it's a coincidence that the very oldest resident of Middle-Earth (aside from Maiar), and by far its biggest enigma, dwells within a day's walk of where the story begins and ends?
EvilSnackEvilSnack
This is opinion: I have no way to back it up.
I believe Tolkien introduced Tom Bombadil as a symbol of mankind before the fall, a sort of creature of pure, unadulterated nature. (Others have speculated this as well.) Think of him a bit like Adam, of the Adam and Eve in Genesis, before it all went south. He lives in harmony with nature and has some control over it, which makes sense because nature was a thing created for man's use and there was no enmity between man and nature before the fall. He's peaceable and happy because he's not tainted by evil or regret - he knows what evil is but he's not affected by it. He's unlike other characters because, well, no other character is like him - unfallen and unaffected by brokenness. Of course the ring has no effect on him, and neither do wights. Tolkien, a Christian, was (I think) making a point about the limits of the power of evil, and introducing a point of hope and optimism (here is something evil will never win against) in a story that then gets bleaker before it gets better.
It's important not to push the analogy too far: T.B. might be a symbol of the purity of the original creation, or Adam himself, but not a Jesus or God one. Tolkien was clear about that; this link might be of interest: FAQ / Who is Tom Bombadil in the Tolkien Wiki.
In LotR there are other echoes of the idea that someone who has never done X (X some bad thing) cannot be affected by X. For T.B, X is evil itself.
Tolkien has to handwave a bit during the Council of Elrond because of Bombadil - people propose just giving the ring to Bombadil and calling it a day, but Gandalf says no. I always thought the explanation was weak; why would Bombadil be so carefree and detached as to forget he had it? But I think I see the opposing problem - if people could just pass every awkward, evil bit of magic to Bombadil, he'd end up as the caretaker of a growing mountain of other people's dark efforts and failings. It wouldn't be a peaceful existence - there would constantly be evil characters going to Bombadil's land to grab the bad stuff. Bombadil, the ultimate symbol of freedom from the effects of evil, would get trapped in the role of taking care of everyone else's evil schemes and follies. It's no way to live, so Bombadil simply doesn't. He withdraws instead, only joining the world when he sees value in it to others, such as bumbling into the hobbits when they need help.
Tsundoku♦
Scott MScott M
+1 but I somewhat disagree that the "he would forget about it [the ring]" argument is handwaving. As you rightly say, if the world piled "the evil things" (e.g. the ring) on TB, he would come under siege from the evil characters trying to grab them. If he actively "guarded" those things – acted to prevent the evil characters getting them – then he would, indeed, have fallen under the influence of those "evil things" (since those things will affect his actions). IMHO, the only consistent response would be one of complete indifference to the ring et al.: he would, indeed, forget about them. – TripeHound Dec 30 '19 at 14:34
Interesting. But - Bombadil isn't just unaffected by the Ring's power - Bombadil demonstrates that his power is unimaginably greater than the Ring's, and by extension, greater than Sauron's, far greater than Gandalf. So, I think that it doesn't fit to think of him like Adam or Eve. The episode with Bombadil does serve to demonstrate that while the Ring is powerful, it pales in comparison to other powers. – Don Branson Dec 31 '19 at 17:33
@DonBranson Just... - I commented above at it being (perhaps) a glance at Melchizedek. That fits perhaps more closely with Don's "much greater powers". – Russell McMahon Jan 1 '20 at 9:25
One reason that Bombadil does not really "fit" in the narrative may be that The Lord of the Rings was originally a sequel to The Hobbit. At that time, The Hobbit was only indirectly connected to the world of the Silmarillion and was "only" a children's story with ogres speaking in cockney accents and other silly things.
So the adventures until the hobbits reach Bree still very much have a feel of that type of children's story and Tom Bombadil actually fits very well into that type of story.
As Tolkien further developed The Lord of the Rings and rolled both it and The Hobbit into the mythology of the Silmarillion, the story became much more serious and "adult", but some of the earlier elements were left in place, even though they don't have quite the same feel as the items developed later.
This idea does not sit well with the fact that work on lotr started well before the rest of the universum was developed. But more importantly, Tolkien was often rewriting large parts of lotr. – paul23 Jan 1 '20 at 22:58
I'm unsure what you are saying. Are you aware that a significant portion (perhaps even most) of the Silmarillion was written prior to The Hobbit? – Michael Richardson Jan 8 '20 at 15:31
I believe you are mistaken. The Silmarillion was what he initially started with. He did not start on Lord of the Rings until after The Hobbit, and he started that specifically as a sequel to The Hobbit. During this development, he shifted into a more serious and lengthy tale directly related to his Silmarillion mythology. Also during this time he re-wrote portions of The Hobbit (mostly dealing with the Bilbo-Gollum-Ring encounter). – Michael Richardson Jan 8 '20 at 16:16
@paul23 In Christopher Tolkien's vast History of Middle Earth, he goes into (amazing) detail on the birth of LoTR, promised to Unwin (publisher) as a Hobbit sequel, and how it was gradually woven into the wider and unpublished earlier writings of what ultimately became the Silmarillion. LoTR started as another book for children, with Bingo-Bolger Baggins as the main protagonist (later renamed to Frodo) who meets with the mysterious travelling hobbit Trotter (later Strider)! It was at the Council of Elrond that he really changed gear .... – SusanW Feb 24 '20 at 10:26
(cont'd)... although didn't JRRT write a letter to Unwin at that point claiming that the story was significantly complete? Quite funny. The enduring element of LoTR for me is the way the story shifts from "innocent hobbit adventure" to "epic" over the course of that first book or so, with the hobbit's disregard for their great danger partly driven by the fact that the author didn't understand the danger either! The 2nd time I read it, I was hopping at how the hobbits had so little urgency and were brushing off the Black Riders. Run! Now! Go! Arrgh! Forget going to the pub! :-) – SusanW Feb 24 '20 at 10:34
I'm reading Fellowship (again) right now, and I had a similar thought when I reached the Forest/Barrow section, and I thought for a long while why it might be.
I found my answer ('my' rather than 'the' because it's just an opinion) when the Council are discussing what to do about the ring. Bombadil is suggested as a solution - in fact the suggestion veers towards the idea of 'weaponising' Bombadil, then towards him keeping the Ring within his protection/seclusion, but both are dealt with swiftly as impossible. I (chose to?) interpret this as Tolkien's in-line explanation of why greater entities (Bombadil, or the Valar, or a greater collection of Maiar) in general couldn't or wouldn't just resolve the issue themselves. This is probably dealt with extensively elsewhere in the Histories, or Silmarillion, though I don't remember where, but if you take the Lord of the Rings series as a set by themselves without the rest of the legendarium, it seems to me to give the satisfactory 'answer' for why the West doesn't just come back and go to open war with Sauron.
The story of the Ring is, after all, a vehicle for the closing of the Third Age and the beginning of the dominion of Humankind, so it makes sense (to me) that a more powerful being choosing a pacifist stance is included. The Elves are already departing for the West, and the remaining Elves in Middle-Earth are already but a small number of the previous population.
Bombadil's existence (nor that of Goldberry) is never really 'dealt with' at least not in my recollection (this read-through is after maybe 10 years since I last read the series) so one can only assume they sort of just fade into the background, not being corporeal any more. I have wondered before whether the 'feeling' that Tolkien mentions in the letter #144 (quote above) is due his environment at the time (wartime and after) where simple enjoyment of things is basically non-existent because everyone is so preoccupied.
James BookerJames Booker
In isolation in LOTR Bombadil seems like an after thought, but he does play a wider part in middle earth, just like the wizards are there to maintain balance, bombadil is a purer form of nature, with less specific purpose than the wizards because at the time when he was created there wasn't conflict that needed to be dealt with, I'd liken him to a shepherd to Treebeard and the Ents, as Treebeard is a shepherd to the trees. – Chris Schaller Dec 30 '19 at 14:20
Quality literature is rarely about the plot, but instead the plot serves to deliver a message (and perhaps to engage the reader long enough to get the message). Other elements besides the plot also serve to deliver the message (e.g. places, names, auxiliary characters, etc.)
The Lord of the Rings is full of messages - about Truth, war and peace, virtue, character, bravery, honesty, commitment, greed, etc. A key message of the work is the archetypal battle of good versus evil. Evil is hell-bent on destroying all that is good: how will it be defeated? How will the innocent be protected?
As @Rand al'Thor explains in his answer, Bombadil is an important part of the message: good triumphs over evil, not through an escape to innocent pacifism, but by honest individuals standing forth with courage give and risk all they have and are. These message is repeated as the Hobbits leave the Shire, as the Ents rally against Isengard, as Rivendale supports Rohan at Helm's Deep, as Rohan responds to Gondor's call for help, etc.
There is something beautiful and refreshing about a complete release of the cares of the world (Bombadil), but the absence of Bombadil from the rest of the story IS a deliberate part of the message: evil is not defeated by innocence - we must proactively fight against evil in order to establish peace.
Gordon BeanGordon Bean
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Overall, the situation remains mostly the same with unrest throughout the country. Protests continue in major cities throughout Nicaragua, and the national dialogue has not resumed. Despite the continued unrest, all Child Development Centers (CDCs) are holding program activities, sharing devotions, curriculum, and food with beneficiaries. The Compassion Nicaragua national office is monitoring vulnerability and child protection risks posed by the crisis. CDCs have been able to receive funds normally throughout the crisis. In total, 1,988 children have been reported as affected, with the majority having lost their family's source of income.
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Overall, the situation remains mostly the same with unrest throughout the country. Protests continue in major cities throughout Nicaragua, and the national dialogue has not resumed. Despite the continued unrest, all Child Development Centers (CDCs) are holding program activities. They are spending 9 hours a week with beneficiaries, sharing devotions, curriculum, and food. The Compassion Nicaragua national office is monitoring vulnerability and child protection risks posed by the crisis. CDCs have been able to receive funds normally throughout the crisis. In total, 1,988 children have been reported as affected, with the majority having lost their family's source of income.
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After initial reports of civil unrest and the climate initially improving, violent protests between citizens and police continue to occur. The protests initially began in April following President Daniel Ortega's proposed reforms to the nation's social security program and continued as citizens called for the president's resignation. The demonstrations have resulted in deadly clashes between police and citizens on multiple occasions. With both sides unable to reach an agreement on ways to move the conversation forward, tensions remain high. Businesses are being looted and destroyed overnight, and there is a strong feeling of insecurity among the people in areas with concentrated violence.
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text:
Sandy Cheeks is a fictional character in the Nickelodeon franchise SpongeBob SquarePants. She is portrayed as an intelligent anthropomorphic squirrel who wears a diving suit and lives underwater. Sandy is voiced by Carolyn Lawrence and first appeared in the episode "Tea at the Treedome" that premiered on May 1, 1999. Sandy was created and designed by marine biologist and animator Stephen Hillenburg, the show's creator.

The character's reception from fans has been positive. Sandy has appeared in many SpongeBob SquarePants publications, toys, and other merchandise. She also appears in the show's three films.

Role in SpongeBob SquarePants
Sandy is a close friend of SpongeBob SquarePants. She is a proud Texan and speaks in a stereotypical Southern drawl. In order to live underwater, Sandy resides in a bubble-like dome and wears an atmospheric diving suit when outside her house. Inside the treedome, her normal attire consists of a green and purple bikini. Conversely, as revealed in Tea at the Treedome, other characters must wear "water helmets" with opposite functionality when visiting her house. Sandy possesses extraordinary scientific skills such as the ability to construct complex inventions. Sandy is shown to possess a number of tough, tomboyish character traits and interests; she is skilled at karate, engages in bodybuilding, and is a rodeo champion. She is also a close friend of Patrick Star, SpongeBob's best friend and neighbor, though she sometimes gets annoyed by him like Squidward.

History and development

Creation and design
Stephen Hillenburg first became fascinated with the ocean and began developing his artistic abilities as a child. During college, he majored in marine biology and minored in art. After graduating in 1984, he joined the Ocean Institute, an ocean education organization, where he had the idea to create a comic book titled The Intertidal Zone, which led to the creation of SpongeBob SquarePants. In 1987, Hillenburg left the institute to pursue a career in animation.

A few years after studying experimental animation at the California Institute of the Arts, Hillenburg met Joe Murray, creator of Rocko's Modern Life, at an animation festival. Murray offered Hillenburg a job as a director of the series. Martin Olson, one of the writers for Rocko's Modern Life, read The Intertidal Zone and encouraged Hillenburg to create a television series with a similar concept. At that point, Hillenburg had not considered creating his own series, but soon realized that this was his chance. Shortly after production on Rocko's Modern Life ended in 1996, Hillenburg began working on SpongeBob SquarePants. Sandy has been shown in the episodes about her being in the tree dome. Whenever any aquatic creatures enter her home, they must wear helmets that are filled with water. Sandy works as a scientist, explorer, and inventor. She is also a rodeo champion with a number of athletic interests, such as "sand-boarding" and karate. Originally, in the pitch bible written by Tim Hill and Hillenburg, SpongeBob originally was a romantic interest for her, but this was quickly put out of the show.

Voice

The voice of Sandy Cheeks is provided by Carolyn Lawrence. Lawrence got the role of Sandy when she was in Los Angeles at Los Feliz. She met Donna Grillo, a casting director, on a sidewalk. Lawrence was with a friend who knew Grillo, and she said Lawrence had an interesting voice. Grillo brought Lawrence in to audition and she got the part.

Before a recording, Lawrence prepares when the crew sends a storyboard. She explains, "I absolutely love that! Not only do I get to read the script, I can actually see what the artists have in mind. It is an amazing process and I feel so fortunate to be able to work that way! [...] I would prefer to let the script come alive in me before a taping."

Sandy Cheeks is normally voiced by Carolyn Lawrence. Presley Williams voiced young Sandy in The SpongeBob Movie: Sponge on the Run.

Reception
Film critic A. O. Scott of The New York Times said, in his review of The SpongeBob SquarePants Movie, that Sandy is one of his favorite characters on the show, along with Squidward Tentacles and Mrs. Puff. He wrote, "I was sorry to see [them] pushed to the margins".

In other media
Sandy has been included in various SpongeBob SquarePants-related merchandise, including board games, books, plush toys, and trading cards. She is also a playable character in several SpongeBob games like Battle for Bikini Bottom.  Sandy also appears as a playable character in Nickelodeon All-Star Brawl. The Sandy's Blasting Bronco rollercoaster opened alongside the American Dream Mall's Nickelodeon Universe theme park in 2019. This ride is the first attraction to be named and themed after the character. The ride-vehicle is themed to Sandy's rocketship, from the SpongeBob SquarePants episode "Sandy's Rocket."

Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie
A CGI/Live-action hybrid movie starring Sandy titled Saving Bikini Bottom: The Sandy Cheeks Movie is currently in production for Paramount+. This film is one of three character-centric SpongeBob movies in development for the streaming platform. The film was initially announced in May of 2021, and its title was revealed on November 26, 2022.

References

Anthropomorphic squirrels
Female characters in animated series
Fictional characters from Texas
Television characters introduced in 1999
Fictional characters with superhuman strength
Fictional bodybuilders
Fictional female martial artists
Fictional inventors
Fictional karateka
Fictional female scientists
Fictional mechanics
Fictional undersea characters
Comedy film characters
SpongeBob SquarePants characters
Female characters in animated films
Fictional roboticists

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Roulette is an iconic game of chance which origin is still debated these days. Some researchers believe it was invented by French mathematician Blaise Pascal in the 17th century. Others state that the primitive forms of roulette trace back to Ancient Greece, grounding their opinions on archeological excavations. Whatever the case is, scholars contend that the roulette wheel in its modern look appeared in the 19th century and later split into two distinct variations: French and American roulette. The word "roulette" is translated from French as a "little wheel" and this is a good name since the sectored wheel is the mainstay of roulette game. Today, roulette is synonymous with the richness, glamor and majesty of Las Vegas, and its spinning wheel with a hopping ball has been giving great pleasure to many generations of gamblers in New Zealand and over the world.
Since the emergence of online casinos at the beginning of 2000s, online roulette became a centerpiece on many gambling sites. It has over a dozen variants but the most popular are European, American and French roulette games. The key elements of any game are a wheel and a table layout marked with numerous bet sections. As opposed to land-based roulette where players use casino chips to place their bets, online roulette has a handy graphic interface that replicates chips of various values. A bet is placed by selecting one or more chips and then clicking or tapping on a required space on the table grid. Each table has a certain betting range that normally starts at $1 and reaches into thousands of dollars. It is worth noting that some tables accept fun credits in addition to real money bets.
Straight. It covers one number and pays 35:1 (European) or 36:1 (American).
Split, Street, Square and Six Line. These cover 2, 3, 4 and 6 numbers, respectively.
Dozens. This is an outside bet with three options: the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Dozen.
Columns. The bet covers 12 numbers and is placed on any of the three boxes marked as "2 to 1". Each column has a 2:1 payout.
All the other outside bets (on red/black, even/odd and low/high) have the maximum odds (close to 50%) and the smallest payouts (1:1).
A roulette wheel has 37 (or 38) numbers that are arranged in a specific order, not randomly as it may seem from the first glance. The configuration of a European and American wheel is different but there are a few similarities for each of the wheels: Red and black numbers come in an alternating order and are never found adjacent to each other. Besides, even/odd numbers and low/high numbers are distributed as smoothly as possible. With this in mind, some experts consider the American wheel to be less balanced than the one-zero wheel because of many violations of this structure on the former.
A European roulette is one of the most popular game variations since the house advantage here is just 2.70%. European roulette features 36 numbers and a zero pocket, while American roulette has 36 numbers and two zero spots (0 and 00). Due to this seemingly small distinction, the house advantage for American wheels skyrockets to 5.26%. This means that for every $1000 wagered on European or American roulette, you can expect to lose $27 or $52.60 in the long term, so playing European online roulette makes your bankroll last longer over the long haul. Payouts in both roulette versions are the same but in American roulette they occur a bit less often because of an extra zero number.
There is another slight difference between the two roulette variants. American roulette features an additional bet known as the basket bet and it features a 6:1 payout. It is placed on the group of five numbers: 1, 2, 3, 0 and 00. This is the least beneficial bet for the player as it increases the house edge to 7.89%.
The French roulette wheel is almost identical to European roulette, with a single zero box, so this roulette variant has the 97.3% return to player. When you start playing online casino roulette based on French rules, you will immediately notice that the wordings denoting bet names are in French, though they are often duplicated in English, for example, Impair/Pair means Even/Odd and P-12 means the 1st dozen. This engrossing roulette type offers some unique features that elevate its appeal to many fans of this game, for example the La Partage rule that cuts the house edge to 1.35%. In simple terms, when the players makes a bet on the even-money option (e.g., red/black) and the ball stops on the zero section, only 1/2 of the bet is lost.
Les Orphelins (Orphans). The bet covers 8 numbers located in two opposite sections of the wheel.
Tiers du Cylindre. This call bet is placed on 12 numbers that run between 33 and 27 on the wheel, with the inclusion of number 2.
Voisins du Zero (Neighbors of Zero). It has 17 numbers in the range between 25 and 22, plus number 2.
Call bets are not so popular as inside and outside bets but if you want to feel thrills of online casino roulette and take advantage of the entire rules of this game, consider announce bets as a good addition to other bet choices.
Richard Grace, a professional gambler and inventor of the New Barby roulette system, stated, "Even if roulette had a sign which said 'This table has a cheating mechanism, you will lose your bets,' people would still bet hoping that the cheating mechanism fails next spin." The statement reflects perfectly the idea of roulette strategies, however intricate, flawless and fool-proof they may seem. Even the best roulette strategies cannot beat the maths since they come to nothing when the ball lands on zero and the house takes the player's chips.
The most prominent roulette systems are the Martingale model whereby the player should double a bet after a losing round and return to the original bet after a win; the Parlay progressive betting system; the Fibonacci betting strategy based on the Fibonacci Sequence of Numbers, and many others. Avoid sticking with the first available roulette strategy; instead, test out different systems, practice them and identify the ones that give you more consistent wins. You may as well just enjoy good time, choose random numbers on the table and entrust yourself to luck.


text:
package cn.e3mall.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

import cn.e3mall.common.utils.E3Result;
import cn.e3mall.search.service.SearchItemService;

@Controller
public class SearchItemController {

	@Autowired
	private SearchItemService searchItemService;

	@RequestMapping("/index/item/import")
	public E3Result importItemList() {
		E3Result result = searchItemService.importAllItems();
		return result;
	}
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


Saniflo is famous for scintillating innovations, and this Sanicom 1 Heavy Duty Pump is one of them. Manufactured from grey polyethylene, this macerator can ideally used for commercial places, with its remarkable suction capacity. This heavy duty pump for waste and water carries a 2 year guarantee from Saniflo, ensuring hygienic environment, even at places where drainage is far.
Unit has high performance level and operates automatically.


Two years after a serious injury he sustained on the playing field, University of Michigan football player Grant Newsome has announced his medical retirement from the game. Newsome posted an emotional two-page letter to Twitter on Monday afternoon, which detailed his journey from injury to recovery to possible comeback and finally to retirement.
Newsome was a sophomore at Michigan in 2016, imagining himself winning a national championship with his team and getting drafted into the NFL. But on Oct. 1, he took a hard hit to his knee during a game. While at the time he was able to walk off the field, the injury was severe.
Before I knew it I was in the hospital, in the midst of 4 hours of testing, my heart steadily sinking as I realized what we would later know, my season was over. I ended up dislocating my knee, fracturing my tibia, tearing 3 of the ligaments in my knee, suffering severe damage to three different nerves, and destroying my popliteal artery. Emergency surgery saved my leg and maybe my life.
Newsome spent a week in the ICU, heavily drugged as he recovered from surgery. He would spend a total of 38 days in the hospital and have six more surgeries to fix his leg. When he finally left the hospital, he was alive and whole, but far from healed.
When I left the hospital I couldn't even contract the hamstring or quad muscles in my right leg. My leg had atrophied so badly that my right thigh was the same diameter as my left calf. The doctors were concerned I would never walk again.
Despite his condition when he left the hospital, Newsome committed himself to getting better and getting back on the field.
But I defied the odds, I struggled through nearly 2 years of rehab, teaching myself first to stand, then walk, then run. I overcame setbacks and obstacles that initially seemed insurmountable. I began to work through OL drills, and complete list and conditioning with my teammates. I began to see myself back on the field at the big house, my emotions nearly uncontrollable as the national anthem played before my return.
Unfortunately, his return to the football field was not meant to be. While he'd healed to a "miraculous" degree, his knee and leg weren't ever going to be the same. Subsequent injuries combined with the fragility of his surgically repaired leg meant he had to end his comeback for good.
So I have made undoubtedly the most difficult decision of my life, and will medically retire from football.
Though not all stories have a happy ending, he said his does. He still has a lot of life left in front of him, and he's grateful for the chance to live it.
One day I will be able to play catch with my kids, to chase after them as they learn to ride a bicycle, to stand on my own two feet and applaud them at their graduations. I'll be able to sit comfortably and tell them about the experiences I had.
The second half of Newsome's retirement letter was overflowing with gratitude as he looked at the positives in his situation. He thanked his parents, his brothers, and his girlfriend. He thanked every doctor, coach, and fellow player he met along the way. He expressed gratitude for every victory and defeat he experienced, and ended his letter with a tremendously positive message.
So to any kids reading this, or anyone who has hopes and dreams but fear they may be dashed. Yes, not all stories have the happy ending you envision. But all stories have meaning, and all stories are worth living.
Though he won't be able to play football again, the Detroit Free Press reported that Newsome will become a student assistant with the team, working with the tight ends. His medical retirement means he'll get to keep his scholarship as he completes his master's degree.
Newsome still has a sense of humor about his situation as well. This is what he tweeted a short time after posting his retirement letter.


When the spin is complete, remove the clothes and then find and remove any objects caught in the wash plate. Basin Mine. To determine if the tub is in the correct position, open the lid and look inside. If the LE error code persists, the unit will require Repair Service.
Overall, how satisfied were you with the usefulness of this information? The door latch itself has been damaged. The washer should now be reset and the LE code cleared. REMOTE CONTROL BUTTONUse the magnetic remote control to set the controls without bending down to reach the control panel (remote RCW1 sold separately).
Do More. Disconnect the inlet hose from the washer and run a few gallons of water through the hose to flush the water supply lines. Power the machine off and unplug the washer. Dry fan failure.
This error will require service. Discover LG OLED TV Discover LG Musicflow Discover LG SMART TV Musicflow Audio Forum Close Mobile Skip to Next Menu Mobile Mobile Phones All LG Mobile Phones Smart Watches LG Friends The reminder message reappears for a few wash cycles then disappears until the next scheduled tub clean cycle. SUD Error Code If the washing machine detects too many suds, it displays this error code and adds a Suds Reducing cycle.
2. D3 Error Code Displays as a result of a coupling part that has malfunctioned. Main PWB assembly (PCB) fault 'PF' error code Power Failure - The washer has experienced a power failure. If the tE error code persists, close the water taps and unplug the washer; the unit will require Repair Service.
The maximum drain height should be 53" (134.6 cm). I was disappointed with the product quality or performance. If the D3 error code persists, the unit will require Repair Service. Note: If you cannot unplug the washer, power the washer OFF and trip the circuit breaker.
Some images do not display or links do not work. The default cookies. Characters left : 500 / 500 Submit Return to Results Contact Us Live Chat Email Telephone Customer Survey Need information? Plug the washer back in, or turn the circuit breaker back on.
[email protected]stwell.com Main Last Post Navigation RSS Map Help Docs Vaillant ecotec plus error code f22 Information RegCreateKeyExW lg wm2487hwh ie error code storage and retrieval. Turn off the water to the unit, perform a drain only or spin only cycle to drain out any excess water, then unplug the unit until service is completed. How would you improve the information? Happ-E-Hill Pumpkin Drop, Wheel mouse.
For more information and trouble shooting steps, click here. Very Dissatisfied 1 Dissatisfied 2 Neutral 3 Satisfied 4 Very Satisfied 5 Q1-1. ESTIMATED TIME REMAININGWhen a cycle is selected, the default time for that cycle is displayed. If this error persists, then call for service.
sys Wed Aug 17 50. If you see the dE3 error code, open the drawer and make sure the latch area is free from clothing or other obstructions. Unplug the washer for 10 seconds. It doesn't always mean that the washer requires service.
To skip the Tub Clean cycle, turn the cycle selector knob or push option buttons to select desired cycle. With this innovative large-top washer and a smaller pedestal washer, the LG SideKick™ TWIN Wash™ suite delivers incredible performance and a wide range of features, including powerful cleaning technology, specialty cycles If the flow is too low, contact a plumber to have the water lines repaired. LE Error Code An LE error code on the washer's display indicates that the motor is locked, possibly due to a heavy wash load.
This is likely caused by: Closed supply taps Kinked inlet hoses Clogged inlet filters Faulty Hot or Cold inlet valves For more information and trouble shooting steps, click here. All Rights Reserved This is LG Electronics' official homepage. Please select your type of washer: Front Load Washing Machine Top Load Washing Machine Select the error code from the list below that is appearing on the washer's display: CE Error Unplug the washer for 10 seconds.


From master story teller Guillermo del Toro comes "THE SHAPE OF WATER" another-worldly fable set against the backdrop of Cold War era America circa 1962.
Elisa's life is changed forever when she and co-worker Zelda (Octavia Spencer) discover a secret classified experiment. Rounding out the cast are Michael Shannon, Richard Jenkins, Michael Stuhlbarg and Doug Jones.


text:
Mesothelioma Empowerment
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A mesothelioma cancer diagnosis can change your life in an instant. At Worthington & Caron, we are driven by a singular passion – to empower persons battling mesothelioma. People who have asbestos cancer want hope; they want to live. Our goal as asbestos attorneys is to be your trusted ally in the battle against your illness.
ad·vo·cate /'advəˌkət/ : One Who Pleads the Cause of Another
At Worthington & Caron, we are more than lawyers. We are advocates committed to your cause. We fight for our clients' right to compensation, but you know as well as we do that a mesothelioma patient's first priority is life. We have never met a client who said they would gladly trade their lungs for a million dollars or even a trillion dollars. We exist to get you the compensation you and your family deserves, but much more than that, we are here for you.
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Asbestos cancer cases are the only cases we handle - not just a department, it's all we do.
Roger Worthington has donated over $1 million directly to medical research on the early detection, prevention, treatment and cure of asbestos-related mesothelioma. He helped found the Pacific Meso Center the Punch Worthington Lab and the Mesothelioma Applied Research Foundation.
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Fresno Jury Awards:
to the family of a former plumber and race car enthusiast who was diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma in 2012 at the age of 58. The gentleman was exposed to asbestos dust from a host of automotive products while working on cars, race cars, trucks and heavy equipment from the late 1960s through the mid-1980s.
Chatsworth Jury Awards:
To client Judith Winkel after they unanimously found that Colgate-Palmolive's Cashmere Bouquet talcum powder caused malignant pleural mesothelioma
Los Angeles Jury Awards:
to the family of a gentleman who was diagnosed with malignant pleural mesothelioma in 2005 at the age of 68 and was exposed to asbestos while working as a refinery worker and heavy equipment operator.
to 62 Year-Old Former Drywaller Exposed to Dust on Residential and Commercial Jobsites in Southern California.
To 67 year-old government employee who was diagnosed with pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma after exposure to talcum powder and body and shave talc products in California. *Worthington & Caron and Simon, Greenstone, Panatier & Bartlett, LLP were co-counsel. October 2016, Los Angeles County, California.
View Recent Settlements & Verdicts
Case Study Finds Talc Exposure Sole Cause of Meso
California State Assembly Passes the Toxic-Free Cosmetics Act to Ban Asbestos and Other Dangerous Chemicals from Cosmetics
New Mexico Sues Johnson & Johnson for False Advertising and Misleading the Public of the Dangers of Talc
Bill Tice
His disability has not embittered Bill; he faces his troubles with a sweet nature. Besides, who has time for bitterness when you are busy being a productive and decent citizen? This is Bill Tice's incredible story.
Marty Schwarting
"I would have died from this mesothelioma a long time ago without her." Together this resilient couple has spared no effort to find the best possible treatment for his asbestos cancer, and they're both holding out hope for the best.
Bill's story is unusual in two respects: he lost his right leg as a consequence of mesothelioma; and he has survived mesothelioma with the help of Lovastatin, a drug used to treat high cholesterol.
Dennis Harline
Dennis Harline, 56-year-old forensic scientist, husband and father of three, began a journey early this year in search of a cure for his mesothelioma. He has encountered many roadblocks along the way. The medical community has yet to offer a reasonable plan, but Dennis has not been deterred. He continues to search for ...
Walter Nielsen
You wouldn't know it from his easy going manner and natural smile, but Wally is battling an insidious cancer. This diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma came as a shock to Wally, a tall, fit, active, 74 year-old lifetime nonsmoker.
Terry Latham
Since childhood Terry has honed his mind and body to deal with external threats. Through his 60s and 70s, he continued to exercise with near religious devotion. Recently, Terry was introduced to a bully of another kind. One not so easy to duck, dodge or knock down.
Terry McCann
Surfer, Wrestler, Entrepreneur, Father And Loving Husband Would Trade Olympic Gold Medal In A Heartbeat For Asbestos Tumor Free Lungs.
Annette Skelton
Many years ago, when Annette Skelton was a child, her father worked around asbestos and carried the poisonous dust home on his clothes and hair. Today, Annette is 58 years old, married since 1978, with a 34 year-old son -- and she has mesothelioma.
Steve McQueen will always be remembered for the cool characters he played in such movie classics as The Great Escape, The Sand Pebbles, Bullitt, The Getaway, and Papillon. What few people realize is that this superstar's life was cut short at the age of 50 on November 7, 1980 by malignant peritoneal mesothelioma.
Tony Chomo
This hard working family man teamed up with Dr. Robert Cameron to try and beat back the scourge of mesothelioma. For now, it's working: quality of life, extra time with his beloved family, and the chance to put a few more miles on the big bike's odometer have all come together.
Your Patient Roadmap
Patients diagnosed with mesothelioma find themselves at the beginning of a journey. Because of the rarity of the disease and the developing nature of the treatments, it is a journey that will take them on sparsely-traveled, out of the way back-roads. The kind of roads that are often difficult to navigate. Difficult, that is, unless you have a good road map.
Get Your Roadmap Visit Our Health & Legal Resource Library
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Attorney Roger Worthington funded the Punch Worthington Research Laboratory located at the UCLA Medical School in memory of his father David "Punch" Worthington who lost his battle with asbestos lung cancer in 2006.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Carmanah Reports Third Quarter 2016 Fiscal Results
November 9, 2016 -
Carmanah Technologies Corporation (TSX: CMH) ("the Company" or "Carmanah") today reported its third quarter financial results for the period ended September 30, 2016. Currency amounts are in U.S. dollars unless otherwise noted.
All figures below, unless otherwise stated, are for Carmanah's continuing operations and exclude the operating results from the Company's Power business segment. The planned disposal was announced in a press release dated October 11, 2016.
Third Quarter Revenues and Profitability
Revenues from continuing operations for the third quarter of 2016 were USD $11.3 million, down approximately 9 per cent from revenues of USD $12.4 million in the third quarter of 2015.
Signals segment revenue was USD $10.0 million, down from USD $11.4 million in the third quarter of 2015. This decrease was the result of reduced revenues from the Company's marine businesses, which were down by approximately 32% over prior year. Offsetting this were increases in the Company's other signals businesses, which were up approximately 9% over 2015.
Illumination segment revenue was USD $1.3 million, up from USD $1.0 million from the third quarter of 2015.
"While third quarter revenues did not meet expectations" said John Simmons, Chief Executive Officer "Our focus on improving margins and managing expenses resulted in strong Net Income and Adjusted EBITDA[1]."
Net income in the third quarter of 2016 was USD $1.1 million up from a loss of USD $0.7 million in the third quarter of 2015. Carmanah management relies on Adjusted EBITDA (a non-IFRS measure) to gauge financial performance. In the third quarter of 2016, the Company generated Adjusted EBITDA of USD $1.7 million, or 15% of revenue, up 48% from USD $1.1 million, or 9% of revenue, in the same period in 2015. A table reconciling net income and Adjusted EBITDA is provided in this press release.
Highlights for the quarter are provided below:
(US$ thousands)
Gross margin %
Core operating expenditures1
Adjusted EBITDA1
Financial Condition at September 30, 2016 compared to December 31, 2015
Cash and cash equivalents of USD $20.9 million, up USD $6.0 million from USD $14.9 million
Working capital was USD $22.1 million, up USD $9.8 million from USD $12.3 million
Complete set of Financial Statements and Management Discussion & Analysis
A complete set of the third quarter ended September 30, 2016 Financial Statements and Management's Discussion & Analysis are available on Carmanah's corporate website. To view these documents, visit: www.carmanah.com/Company/Investors/Financial_Reports.aspx. Both documents are also filed on SEDAR (www.sedar.com). The financial information included in this release is qualified in its entirety and should be read together with the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended September 30, 2016 and the audited consolidated financials for the year ended December 31, 2015, including the notes thereto.
EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA1
EBITDA reconciliations
(US$ in thousands)
Add/(deduct):
Non-cash stock based compensation
EBITDA [1]
Merger and acquisition costs
Investment tax credits
Foreign exchange (gain)/loss
Extraordinary legal costs
Restructuring and asset write offs
About Carmanah Technologies Corporation
Carmanah designs, develops and distributes a portfolio of products focused on energy optimized LED solutions for infrastructure. Since 1996, we have earned a global reputation for delivering durable, dependable, efficient and cost-effective solutions for industrial applications that perform in some of the world's harshest environments. We manage our business within three reportable segments: Signals, Illumination and Power. The Signals segment includes serves the Airfield Ground Lighting, Aviation Obstruction, Offshore Wind, Marine and Traffic markets. The Illumination segment provides solar powered LED outdoor lights for municipal and commercial customers. The Power segment serves both On-Grid and Off-Grid verticals.
Carmanah Technologies Corporation:
Evan Brown, (250) 380-0052
Chief Financial Officer/Corporate Secretary
investors@carmanah.com
This release may contain forward-looking statements. Often, but not always, forward-looking statements can be identified by the use of words such as "expects," "estimates," "could," "will" or variations of such words and phrases. Forward-looking statements or information in this news release relate to, among other things: revenues, and revenue growth, for the fourth quarter and year ended December 31, 2015; order backlogs; gross margins and estimates of EBITDA and Adjusted EBITDA. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance, or achievements of Carmanah or Sabik to be materially different from any future results, performance, or achievements expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. Such factors include, but are not limited to: our ability to become a worldwide leader in the marine aids to navigation industry, the potential growth of the off shore wind safety market or our ability to participate in any growth and other general uncertainties that may impact actual outcomes. These forward-looking statements are based on management's current expectations and beliefs but given the uncertainties, assumptions and risks, readers are cautioned not to place undue reliance on such forward-looking statements or information. Carmanah disclaims any obligation to update, or to publicly announce, any such statements, events or developments except as required by law.
For additional information on these risks and uncertainties, see Carmanah's most recently filed Annual Information Form (AIF) and Annual MD&A, which are available on SEDAR at www.sedar.com and on the Company's website at www.carmanah.com. The risk factors identified in Carmanah's AIF and MD&A are not intended to represent a complete list of factors that could affect Carmanah.
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Globalstar Purchases Carmanah's SmartOne Solar Intellectual Property Assets
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Denver Theater
Your independent guide to the best shows in Denver
Boulder Theater
Boulder Theater Please selectVenue homeLocation and directionsPre-theatre diningNearby parkingOvernight accommodationSeating maps
The Wailers
Trixie Mattel
The Doo Wop Project
The High Kings
Billy Strings
Upcoming events Please selectView all shows Colter WallThe WailersTrixie MattelThe Doo Wop ProjectThe Marcus King BandMartin SextonThe High KingsHot TunaLyle LovettGusterRosanne CashThe GrowlersLos LobosDavid SpadeBilly StringsArlo Guthrie
2032 14th St, Boulder, CO 80302
At 24 years, Colter Wall is quickly getting his name in the country game. Following his debut self-titled album, Wall released his sophomore album titled Songs of the Plains. His music is said to mirror sounds of the 70s, and his upcoming album follows suit! Expect to hear him covering some hits, alongside original tracks off the latest LP, including 'Plain To See Plainsman'.
Legendary reggae group The Wailers head out on tour across America in early 2020, giving fans across the country a chance to see some of the originators of the global reggae phenomenon in the flesh. Starting in Las Vegas on January 17th, the comprehensive 5-week run concludes in Lincoln on February 22nd.
Following her crowning as the winner of the third season of RuPaul's Drag Race All Stars in 2018 as well as the release of her chart-topping second album One Stone, drag performer/singer-songwriter Trixie Matell isn't sitting on her considerable laurels, she's off on a brand new comedy tour! A fusion of live country/folk music in the vein of Dolly and Loretta with that Trixie-trademark surreal, off-kilter comedy, Grown Up gives audiences a unique insight into the contoured-for-the-gods psyche of one of the most distinctive and hilarious queens in the biz.
Join The Doo Wop Project for a night of impeccably smooth vocals and jazz as they tour across the country in 2020. The group celebrates a golden era in American music which fused R&B, rock and roll and live instruments to create a lively and harmonic sound. Prepare to hear beautiful renditions of acts including the Flamingos, Smokey Robinson, and The Temptations.
Still in his 20s, Marcus King has already been tapped as the next great guitarist by The Washington Post. With his intricate story-telling and stellar virtuosic talent on the guitar, this youngster and his band head out on another tour, bringing his upbeat Americana to you!
About Denver Theater: We are an independent show guide not a venue or show. We sell primary, discount and resale tickets which may be priced above or below face value.
YBN Cordae (Moved from Fox Theatre Boulder)
Feb 25 - 27, 2020
The Music of Cream - Tribute
Ross Mathews
Del McCoury Band (15+ Event)
Apr 2 - 3, 2020
Pavlo
Please note: The term Boulder Theater as well as all associated graphics, logos, and/or other trademarks, tradenames or copyrights are the property of the Boulder Theater and are used herein for factual descriptive purposes only. We are in no way associated with or authorized by the Boulder Theater and neither that entity nor any of its affiliates have licensed or endorsed us to sell tickets, goods and or services in conjunction with their events.
Denver Theater is part of the Theatreland Ltd Collection. Established in 2003, Theatreland offers the largest individual collection of websites providing complete, impartial guides to all the theatrical, musical and performance arts events and venues in the world's greatest theatre cities, from New York's Broadway to London's West End and from the showrooms of Las Vegas to Shakespeare's Globe Theatre.


If you love movies and want to rub elbows with your favorite stars, the Hollywood Wax Museum is the place to be! Celebrating 50 years on Hollywood Boulevard, this classic star-studded attraction lets you pose and interact with A-list celebrities, ham it up for the camera, and be part of the Hollywood scene! Make sure to catch our FREE "Tribute to Cinema" show, 10 am to midnight 365 days a year. Fun for all ages!
With the VIP Pass, you'll enjoy three Hollywood attractions at a great price! The VIP Pass allows entry into Hollywood Wax Museum, Guinness World Records Museum and Ripley's Believe it or Not! All located along the famous Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Present coupon upon arrival (printed coupons and coupons shown on smart phones are accepted).. CLICK COUPON TO PRINT.


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Home » How Far Is 200 Feet?
How Far Is 200 Feet?
January 23, 2023 January 23, 2023 by Pablo
Understanding how distances work is important whether as an athlete, a student, or a layperson. Distance equivalences are used in daily conversations to explain ideas, thus, a lack of understanding of how distances work could cause you to miss out on crucial conversations (skip straight to the 200 feet conversion chart).
Distance is defined as the measurement or extent from one defined point to another. It is also the greater of two or the greatest of three dimensions. In the international system of Units, the meter is the base unit. To help with understanding, smaller lengths are measured in centimeters (meter x 102), while larger lengths are measured in kilometers (meter x 10-3).
Image Source: Eating Well
There are however other units used in the calculation of lengths, some of these include feet, inches, yards, and miles. A foot is equivalent to 0.3048 meters, an inch is 0.0254 meters, a yard is 0.914 meters, and one mile is 1609.3 meters.
200 feet is a common measurement used in many conversations. Campers and national forest services often use it as a golden distance for measuring many things. The 200-foot rule is used to denote the appropriate distance from water sources (park area waters) to campsites for washing dishes and bathing such that the body of water is not contaminated.
The foot is generally often used in informal conversations to explain distance comparison; thus, it is important to understand the comparison between the foot and other measures of distance. This article will focus on 200 feet, providing insight into exactly how far it is and using different scenarios based on frequently asked questions.
Jump right into the Frequently Asked Questions
Related: Steps Calculator: Steps in a km + Distances, Steps Calculator: Steps in a Mile + Distances
Conversion Chart for 200 feet
Related: How Far Are 1500 Meters?
Unit 200 Feet Equivalence
Nanometers 60, 960, 000, 000
Microns 60, 960, 000
Millimeters 60, 960
Centimeters 6, 096
Meters 60.96
Kilometers 0.06096
Inches 2, 400
Yard 66.667
Miles 0.037879
Nautical Miles 0.032916
Learn more about how far are 200 feet in this video
How Far is 200 Feet? by Leave No Trace Center for Outdoor Ethics
How far is it to walk 200 ft?
Walking is one of the sure methods of determining how far a defined distance could be. The average person covers about 3 feet with each step, although it could vary for different people. Generally, the average person will cover 200 feet in 70 steps, although feet for adults will differ from those for children.
Therefore, if you want to understand how far 200 feet is, taking 70 average steps and seeing how much distance you have covered will give you a clue.
How far are 200 feet in steps?
It can be achieved in a very short while as it is shorter than most people realize. If you took 67 big steps in a specific direction, you could easily comprehend just how far 200 feet is.
Because some have shorter legs and thus would not be able to easily achieve this, the consensus is that taking 70 average steps would denote 200 feet. The conversion of feet into miles gives about 0.03 miles which are also equivalent to about 70 steps.
What are 200 feet on the road?
While the foot is often used in casual conversations, the mile and kilometers are the real units for the calculation of distances on the road. When traveling by road, you can achieve 200 feet by driving for 0.061 kilometers or 0.03 miles.
If you are traveling at an average speed of 50km/hr, you would cover 200 feet (0.061km/ 0.03 miles) in about 4 seconds. This is another method of ascertaining the distance equivalence of 200 feet.
How much time do you need to run 200ft?
Although athletes are rarely made to run 200ft (60.96 meters), many athletes, especially beginners can train using shorter distances. Beginners will usually run at about 0.003 km/hr; thus, they would cover 200 ft in about 20 seconds.
Professional athletes, on the other hand, have a running speed of about 2.4 km/hr; thus, they can cover 200 ft in about 9 seconds.
How much time do you need to swim 200ft?
The time it will take to complete a swim distance depends on several factors including skill level, speed, tenacity, and so on. The average swimmer has a swim speed of 3km/hr; thus, it will take the average swimmer about 68 seconds to complete a swim distance of 200ft.
How can you measure 200ft without using a measuring tape?
There are several ways to measure 200ft without making use of a measuring tape, this involves using common items which are equivalent to 200ft to estimate its extent. Some of these common items include the NHL hockey rink, airport runway, a 20-story building, four semi-truck trailers, the appropriate distance between a campsite and water source, and 8 garden hoses.
All of these items will typically be about 200 feet wide and can be used to understand and estimate the extent of 200ft.
Understanding how distances work is important whether as an athlete, a student, or a layperson. Distance is defined as the measurement or extent from one defined point to another. The foot is often used in informal conversations to explain distance comparison; thus, it is important to understand the comparison between the foot and other measures of distance.
Remember that walking is one of the sure methods of determining how far a defined distance could be and the average person will cover 200 feet in 70 steps. Thus, if you want to understand how far 200 feet is, taking 70 average steps and seeing how much distance you have covered will give you a clue.
Also, the mile and kilometers are the real units for the calculation of distances on the road. When traveling by road, you can achieve 200 feet by driving for 0.061 kilometers or 0.03 miles. For athletes, beginners can cover 200 ft in about 20 seconds while professional athletes, will cover 200 ft in about 9 seconds. Finally, the average swimmer has a swim speed of will take the average swimmer about 68 seconds to complete a swim distance of 200ft.
We love to hear from you so please leave a message in the section below and we will reply to you as soon as we can.
Picture in this post is by Marcus Winkler on Unsplash
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Gonna take a crack a this unit modeling thing again. The Likho was a close second to the Hunter in the first thread, so I guess it'll be the focus of the second thread.
I went ahead and whipped up three different concepts for the Likho; I'll iterate some more concept drawings for any one that seems to be popular.
All right, let's see where this goes!
I love the old WW2 Flying Fortress-esque bomber design.
By the way, I did like the new Hunter model with the catamarans and everything. When is that going to be put into Zero-K, if it is at all?
Omg, these are amazing. I want to encourage content like this so badly.
Can we add all 3?! Pleeeeease? And revamp air-fac, make air-fac great again. I would love that so much.
Looks like Mr. Mini Singu is the popular one. All right...here's some more iterations, so we can see which direction we want to take this. Let's pick out a design, or parts of multiple designs that we like. Prefer the original? That'd be okay, too.
I didn't figure out how to plug it into the Hunter's script, and nobody else seems to have had the time to do it for me. If I can figure out how to get a new Likho model or another unit model in the game, I'll probably go back and give the Hunter another attempt.
If I can get the model creation process down pat, I'm not against doing a complete remodel of an entire factory/group. As it stands, though, I failed to get one model in the game, over the course of a year. Let's not plan on anything too big just yet.
I'm not against doing a complete remodel of an entire factory/group.
:D Oh no, I actually didn't mean it like that. When I was writing it, I wasn't actually directing that at you, although I guess it looks like that. I meant that as a kind of comical way of asking the devs in the way that you might ask your parents for something when you're little. (Also, I specifically meant "revamp" in terms of unit design [making it so there's more than just 4 effective units out of the airplane fac], with potential models in the pipeline as an impetus for that change).
Frankly, as far as I'm concerned, it appears that you've already made your contribution with the previous thread, and that the bottleneck is whoever might know the game well enough to implement it. I was astonished in your last thread at what appeared to be minimal and only arms-length help, support, or encouragement for your interest and effort in spending a (huge?) number of hours helping to develop and keep the game alive, for free. It's disappointing to see such potential seemingly neglected.
At the time I wanted to say something and make sure that you were given the resources and interest that you needed to become a contributor. However, I didn't want to offend anyone, and I didn't know if perhaps there was more being filled in behind the scenes that I wasn't aware of.
I too, had asked to help Zero-K when I first discovered it - with outreach, helping people discover the great game that this is, and to keep the community alive and vibrant for years to come. After messaging some devs, I was directed to GF. Then GF invited me to message him. So I followed up with him a few times, but was literally ignored without explanation. He never responded. I believe once in public chat he simply mentioned that he saw them but didn't care, and that was all. Unfortunate and frustrating. So I gave up.
is this a hole in the middle? i like holes in planes!
if that is a hole, it would really add the mini-singu style, if the hole is filles with the yellow singu ball, and ejects named as projectile. on fly home, the hole would be visible.
Personally, I think you struck gold with the original concept from your 1st post, especially the tail, which I think should be kept in all cases. However, I also like the body and wings from the 2nd model (albeit as a runner-up).
I assumed the idea was heavily inspired from the supreme commander super bomber?
I really like the idea of a singularity holder in the middle of the plane. Beyond that, I like the shape of OP_1. Keep in mind that the holder should be visible from the top and that Likho shoots forwards, not down.
Avoid wings that are close to the shape of existing bombers, as that hurts recognition. Also the current bombers are fairly sleek and simple so I'd avoid designs that look like multiple stacked wings. OP_2 is very complex. OP_3 is also a bit complex and the outermost wings have a similar shape to the Ravens wings. That said, all the bombers could be redone, in which case consistency with the current bombers is less of a worry.
Of the new batch I prefer 2_3 because it looks tough yet maneuverable. 2_2 and 2_4 look like plodding high altitude bombers whereas 2_1 is petite.
Hun_Tzu can you clarify (perhaps elsewhere) as I don't want to assume things. I recall talking to you about cloak bots briefly, then becoming more busy. I have no recollection of the context of the discord PM I sent, and don't seem to have any other type. You're welcome to help. I was not always able to respond to everything all the time.
I don't know what is going on with Hunter. Anarchid is the great promoter of the blender workflow. Perhaps he will do something. The forum is a fairly bad way to organise these things, and chat is worse. Tickets and PRs on github are much less likely to be forgotten.
The forum is a fairly bad way to organise these things, and chat is worse. Tickets and PRs on github are much less likely to be forgotten.
Actually, chat would be great. I find chat quite good for discussing artsy stuff or anything requiring fairly high-frequency back-and-forth, like figuring out why an animation script doesn't work.
Anarchid is the great promoter of the blender workflow. Perhaps he will do something.
The part that needs doing for Hunter has nothing to do with Blender - it's the part about writing the Lua script.
I guess i can do that sometime this week, alongside that for the chickenflak.
GoogleFrog: I'm pretty sure modelers could potentially get away with similar wing shape designs to, say, the Raven if the model also comes with some other very visible parts, like, say, a long manta-like tail (like in the original post's 3rd model), or the giant cavity in its body (again, like in the original post's 3rd model).
Also, keep in mind that there is a technique where bombers could increase their altitude as they're dropping their bombs to make their bombs fly further due to momentum carried from the ascending aircraft. Perhaps that could be an excuse as to why, despite the bomb being dropped from a hole underneath the plane, it could still fly forwards?
Bomb tossing is an actual Spring physics thing and ZK doesn't use it for a reason.
For a singularity bomber, the projectile could just be fired in a straight line, as a LaserCannon or Cannon shot, with an accompanying visual effect representing the collapse of the containment field and the actual black hole being fired at target.
As for concepts, i'd prefer a hybrid between OP1's sleek curved lines, but with the bulbous "head" of the fuselage instead housing the "mini singu", ideally complete with spinning containment gimbal things.
Kinda like this i guess?
The bomb flies directly forwards from the Likho, which often fires at an angle. It also needs to look like a guided missile, for consistency. I am not keen on adding lups to a projectile, as it is untested and adding projectiles probably has some global overhead. You can try for fancy projectiles, but I was more imagining that the singularity in the plane was used up by cramming it into a warhead just before it is fired.
The projectile for a glowing sphere can be a spherical mesh with an emissive texture, or just a ceg ball. This is not complicated and neither of those approaches require LUPS, though distorts would be awesome.
There's also a projectile LUPS gadget lying around somewhere, i remember using it for sonic Dagger back when it was called Scrubber and Gauss didn't penetrate water.
The angle is not a problem. Since the holder is not a barrel, it can "shoot" the projectile in almost any direction without clipping the unit model in this concept - there's a lot of free lines of fire from the middle of the sphere to where the targets are. It will only clip if firing backwards, or sideways along the plane of its wings.
The missile physics vs laser/cannon physics is a bit of a question, of course. However, current Likho missile is only semi-guided iirc, which isn't that different to a leading projectile.
I feel that cramming the singularity into a rocket won't be sellable aesthetically, unless the singularity containment is in fact the rocket itself, with fins, engines and everything.
I quite like Anarchid's design, followed by the current Likho, and then by stealth-Likho and singu-Likho-3.
I'll whip up some concepts for a OP-1 Likho with the OP-3 singularity centerpiece in a bit.
That's just the nature of open-source development. GoogleFrog and the rest are volunteers with their own lives, not 24/7 paid tech-support. I started this knowing that I might have to dig up a majority of my own information.
Can I claim convergent design? My Sci-Fi RPS experiece prior to Zero-K was entirely StarCraft franchise; the visible ball of energy idea was more inspired by the Protoss Tempest.
Terrible unit gameplay, but nice eye-candy.
I'm novice when it comes to collaborative communication, hence why I'm on the forum--it's just the first place I knew of. If you have a better place to communicate, I'm willing to follow you.
...It also needs to look like a guided missile, for consistency. I am not keen on adding lups to a projectile, as it is untested and adding projectiles probably has some global overhead. You can try for fancy projectiles, but I was more imagining that the singularity in the plane was used up by cramming it into a warhead just before it is fired.
I wasn't planning on anything more complex than the ball-o'-light like the one in the Singularity Reactor. It's open to change, though.
That said, all the bombers could be redone, in which case consistency with the current bombers is less of a worry.
...I can concept some redesigns for the other bombers, too; that way, we have a plan for visually-consistent updated bomber models, even if the other models aren't being produced yet. It's not a terrible idea.
It would be great if it had a new stealth/cloak upgrade available for some serious porc busting.


The researchers at the Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL used thin sections of roots less than two millimetres thick to identify the tree rings of several hundred spruce (Picea abies), pine (Pinus sylvestris), beech (Fagus sylvatica) and dwarf birch (Betula nana) roots. This approach enabled them to determine the age of the fine roots taken from trees in Switzerland, Germany, Sweden and Russia.
The researchers used both tree ring analysis and radiocarbon dating to establish the age of the roots. The type of carbon used for the measurements, 14C, pinpoints the time at which the carbon that is the main component of the roots passed from the atmosphere to the plants by means of photosynthesis. Until now, very little was known about how quickly fine roots grow, when they die and how they react to environmental stress, such as drought.
Radiocarbon dating estimated the roots to be around ten years older, on average, than the age indicated by tree ring analysis. "Based on this result, we concluded that trees use relatively old carbon for the growth of their young roots," says study leader Emily Solly. This means that the carbon taken up during photosynthesis is not used immediately for root growth, but is stored in the trees' trunks before being invested in root growth at a later date. "This strategy could be vital for trees," explains co-author Ivano Brunner: if trees store carbon, then in dry years, they can draw on these carbon reserves to form the fine roots that are so important for their survival.
The researchers observed thinner tree rings and greater ages in some roots, especially fine birch roots taken from trees growing in the Russian Subartic region, which are subject to considerable environmental stress because of the harsh climate. "We attribute this to the extremely short summer growth period," concludes Solly.
Roots play a crucial role in the life of trees. Trees take up water and nutrients through their finest roots, and dying roots contribute to the formation of humus in the soil. Roots therefore make a major contribution to forests' water, carbon and nutrient cycles. However, the lives of tree roots are shrouded in mystery. While the development of leaves can be observed closely and their metabolism can be measured accurately, the scientific community still knows relatively little about roots.