text:
Aurinia (NASDAQ: AUPH) Skyrockets After Announcing Positive AURORA Phase 3 Trial Results Demonstrating Voclosporin Superiority Over Standard of Care in Lupus Nephritis
Dec 05, 2019 by Cannabis Investment Group [CIG]	in Biotech&Pharma
We are thrilled with the outcomes reported today from the AURORA trial, which unequivocally demonstrate the tremendous potential for voclosporin to play an important role in the treatment of the approximately one million people worldwide living with LN"
– Voclosporin achieved statistically superior Renal Response rate (p < 0.001) and comparable safety profile versus standard of care –
– Statistically significant results demonstrated in all pre-specified hierarchical secondary endpoints –
– Aurinia plans to file an NDA submission to the FDA during the first half of 2020 –
– Company to host conference call to discuss results at 8:30 a.m. ET on Thursday, December 5, 2019 –December 04, 2019 04:05 PM Eastern Standard Time
VICTORIA, British Columbia–(BUSINESS WIRE)–Aurinia Pharmaceuticals Inc. (NASDAQ: AUPH / TSX:AUP) ("Aurinia" or the "Company"), a late-stage clinical biopharmaceutical company focused on advancing voclosporin across multiple inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, today announced positive efficacy and safety results from its pivotal AURORA Phase 3 trial of voclosporin, in combination with mycophenolate ("MMF") and low-dose corticosteroids, in the treatment of lupus nephritis ("LN").
"This extraordinary pivotal data confirms voclosporin's ability to achieve statistically significant improvements in clinically meaningful endpoints for this complex disease, with a comparable safety profile to the current standard of care," said Neil Solomons, M.D., Chief Medical Officer of Aurinia. "This data represents a significant advance for people living with LN, which can lead to irreversible kidney damage, eventual kidney failure and death."
This global study in which 357 patients with active LN were enrolled, met its primary endpoint of Renal Response rates of 40.8% for voclosporin vs. 22.5% for the control (OR 2.65; p < 0.001). Additionally, all pre-specified hierarchical secondary endpoints achieved statistical significance in favor of voclosporin, which included Renal Response at 24 weeks, Partial Renal Response at 24 and 52 weeks, time to achieve urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio ("UPCR") ≤ 0.5, and time to 50% reduction in UPCR. The robustness of the data was also supported by all pre-specified subgroup analyses (age, sex, race, biopsy class, region, and prior MMF use) favoring voclosporin.
Measure Result Odds Ratio
[95% CI] p-value
Primary Endpoint Renal Response at 52 weeks Voclosporin 40.8%Control 22.5% 2.65 [1.64, 4.27] p < 0.001
Secondary Endpoints Renal Response at 24 weeks Voclosporin 32.4%Control 19.7% 2.23 [1.34, 3.72] p = 0.002
Partial Renal Response at 24 weeks Voclosporin 70.4%Control 50.0% 2.43 [1.56, 3.79] p < 0.001
Time to UPCR ≤ 0.5 Voclosporin faster
than Control 2.02 [1.51, 2.70]Hazard Ratio p < 0.001
Time to 50% reduction in UPCR Voclosporin faster
Voclosporin was well tolerated with no unexpected safety signals. Serious adverse events ("SAEs") were reported in 20.8% of voclosporin patients vs. 21.3% in the control arm. Infection was the most commonly reported SAE with 10.1% of voclosporin patients versus 11.2% of patients in the control arm. Overall mortality in the trial was low, with six deaths observed; one in the voclosporin arm and five in the control group. Additionally, the voclosporin arm showed no significant decrease at week 52 in estimated glomerular filtration rate ("eGFR") or increase in blood pressure, lipids or glucose, which are common adverse events associated with legacy calcineurin inhibitors ("CNIs").
"These data represent a potential game changer for patients suffering from this debilitating disease," commented Brad Rovin, MD, FASN, Chief, Division of Nephrology and Medical Director of the Clinical Trials Management Organization at the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center. "This confirmatory Phase 3 result represents a clinically meaningful leap forward in the treatment of lupus nephritis. Importantly, the data indicate no excess of adverse events in the voclosporin group compared to patients managed with standard of care alone."
Voclosporin was granted Fast Track designation by the FDA in 2016. Aurinia plans to submit an NDA to the FDA in the first half of 2020.
"We are thrilled with the outcomes reported today from the AURORA trial, which unequivocally demonstrate the tremendous potential for voclosporin to play an important role in the treatment of the approximately one million people worldwide living with LN," said Peter Greenleaf, President and Chief Executive Officer of Aurinia. "We are aware of the intense need for a clinically impactful therapy for this serious disease and are working with urgency to complete regulatory filings in the U.S. and worldwide. If approved, we look forward to potentially making voclosporin available to patients beginning in 2021."
"The treatment of lupus nephritis has been extremely challenging to date, and people with lupus are in need of innovative treatments for this serious disease. We're proud to have been part of this important achievement through our work educating people with lupus nephritis about the trial and the importance of clinical trial participation," said Stevan W. Gibson, President and Chief Executive Officer, Lupus Foundation of America. "Voclosporin is the first novel treatment that has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy for people living with lupus nephritis and today marks an important advance in the treatment of this potentially life-threatening disease."
Aurinia expects to present further data from this trial at a future scientific conference in 2020.
Aurinia will host a conference call and webcast to discuss these results tomorrow, Thursday, December 5, 2019 at 8:30 a.m. ET. This event can be accessed on the investor section of the Aurinia website at www.auriniapharma.com.
The AURORA clinical trial is a global, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate whether voclosporin when added to background therapy of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)/CellCept® can increase speed of and overall renal response rates in the presence of low dose steroids. The primary endpoint for the study is complete renal response at 52 weeks, after which patients can choose to enroll into a 104-week blinded extension study. Renal response was defined as UCPR of ≤ 0.5 mg/mg, eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2, or no confirmed decrease from baseline in eGFR of > 20%, presence of sustained, low dose steroids and no administration of rescue medication. The target enrollment of 324 patients was surpassed with a total of 357 lupus nephritis (LN) patients randomized globally across sites in 27 countries.
About AURORA 2 Extension
Eligible patients completing the AURORA trial had the option to roll over into a 104-week blinded extension study (the "AURORA 2 extension study"). A total of 216 patients enrolled into the AURORA 2 extension study. The data from the AURORA 2 extension study will allow the company to assess the long-term benefit/risk of voclosporin in LN patients, however, this study is not a requirement for potential regulatory approval for voclosporin. Data from the AURORA 2 extension study assessing long-term outcomes in LN patients should be valuable in a post-marketing setting and for future interactions with various regulatory authorities.
About Voclosporin
Voclosporin, an investigational drug, is a novel and potentially best-in-class calcineurin inhibitor ("CNI") with clinical data in over 2,600 patients across indications. Voclosporin is an immunosuppressant, with a synergistic and dual mechanism of action. By inhibiting calcineurin, voclosporin blocks IL-2 expression and T-cell mediated immune responses and stabilizes the podocyte in the kidney. It has been shown to have a more predictable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic relationship (potentially requires no therapeutic drug monitoring), an increase in potency (versus cyclosporine A), and an improved metabolic profile compared to legacy CNIs. Aurinia anticipates that upon regulatory approval, patent protection for voclosporin will be extended in the United States and certain other major markets, including Europe and Japan, until at least October 2027 under the Hatch-Waxman Act and comparable laws in other countries and until April 2028 with anticipated pediatric extension. Further, a U.S. patent has also been issued covering the voclosporin dosing protocol with a term extending to December 2037, if the FDA incorporates the dosing protocol used in both the AURA and AURORA trials into the product label.
About Lupus Nephritis
Lupus nephritis ("LN") is an inflammation of the kidney caused by Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ("SLE") and represents a serious progression of SLE. SLE is a chronic, complex and often disabling disorder. The disease is highly heterogeneous, affecting a wide range of organs and tissue systems. Unlike SLE, LN has straightforward disease outcomes (measuring proteinuria) where an early response correlates with long-term outcomes. In patients with LN, renal damage results in proteinuria and/or hematuria and a decrease in renal function as evidenced by reduced eGFR, and increased serum creatinine levels. LN is debilitating and costly and if poorly controlled, LN can lead to permanent and irreversible tissue damage within the kidney, resulting in end-stage renal disease ("ESRD"), thus making LN a serious and potentially life-threatening condition.
About Aurinia
Aurinia Pharmaceuticals is a late clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on developing and commercializing therapies to treat targeted patient populations that are impacted by serious diseases with a high unmet medical need. The Company is currently developing an investigational drug, for the treatment of lupus nephritis, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and dry eye syndrome. The Company's head office is in Victoria, British Columbia and focuses its development efforts globally. For further information, see our website at www.auriniapharma.com.
Certain statements made in this press release may constitute forward-looking information within the meaning of applicable Canadian securities law and forward-looking statements within the meaning of applicable United States securities law. These forward-looking statements or information include but are not limited to statements or information with respect to: completing NDA priority review submissions in a successful and timely manner including the anticipated NDA filing during the first half of 2020; the potential for commercial launch of voclosporin for use in LN in 2021; voclosporin being potentially a best-in-class CNI with robust intellectual property exclusivity; Aurinia's anticipation that upon regulatory approval, patent protection for voclosporin composition of matter will be extended in the United States and certain other major markets, including Europe and Japan, until at least October 2027 under the Hatch-Waxman Act and comparable laws in other countries and until April 2028 with anticipated pediatric extension; a US patent has also been issued covering the voclosporin dosing protocol with a term extending to December 2037, if the FDA incorporates the dosing protocol used in both the AURA and the AURORA studies into the product label; that the results of the AURORA clinical study are pivotal and a potential game changer for LN patients; that voclosporin may be positioned to become the standard of care for people living with LN; that Aurinia will present AURORA study results at a future scientific conference during 2020. It is possible that such results or conclusions may change based on further analyses of these data. Words such as "anticipate", "will", "believe", "estimate", "expect", "intend", "target", "plan", "goals", "objectives", "may" and other similar words and expressions, identify forward-looking statements. We have made numerous assumptions about the forward-looking statements and information contained herein, including among other things, assumptions about: the market value for the LN, DES and FSGS programs; that another company will not create a substantial competitive product for Aurinia's LN, DES and FSGS business without violating Aurinia's intellectual property rights; the burn rate of Aurinia's cash for operations; the costs and expenses associated with Aurinia's clinical trials; the planned studies achieving positive results; Aurinia being able to extend and protect its patents on terms acceptable to Aurinia; and the size of the LN, DES or FSGS markets; Aurinia will be able to obtain all necessary regulatory approvals for commercialization of voclosporin for use in LN on terms that are acceptable to it and that are commercially viable; and that Aurinia's intellectual property rights are valid and do not infringe the intellectual property rights of other parties. Even though the management of Aurinia believes that the assumptions made, and the expectations represented by such statements or information are reasonable, there can be no assurance that the forward-looking information will prove to be accurate.
Forward-looking information by their nature are based on assumptions and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors which may cause the actual results, performance or achievements of Aurinia to be materially different from any future results, performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking information. Should one or more of these risks and uncertainties materialize, or should underlying assumptions prove incorrect, actual results may vary materially from those described in forward-looking statements or information. Such risks, uncertainties and other factors include, among others, the following: difficulties, delays, or failures we may experience in the conduct of our clinical trial; difficulties we may experience in completing the development and commercialization of voclosporin; the market for the LN, DES and FSGS business may not be as estimated; Aurinia may have to pay unanticipated expenses; estimated costs for clinical trials may be underestimated, resulting in Aurinia having to make additional expenditures to achieve its current goals; Aurinia not being able to extend or fully protect its patent portfolio for voclosporin; competitors may arise with similar products; Aurinia may not be able to obtain necessary regulatory approvals for commercialization of voclosporin in a timely fashion, or at all; and Aurinia may not be able to obtain sufficient supply to meet commercial demand for voclosporin in a timely fashion. Although we have attempted to identify factors that would cause actual actions, events or results to differ materially from those described in forward-looking statements and information, there may be other factors that cause actual results, performances, achievements or events to not be as anticipated, estimated or intended. Also, many of the factors are beyond our control. There can be no assurance that forward-looking statements or information will prove to be accurate, as actual results and future events could differ materially from those anticipated in such statements. Accordingly, you should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements or information.
Except as required by law, Aurinia will not update forward-looking information. All forward-looking information contained in this press release is qualified by this cautionary statement. Additional information related to Aurinia, including a detailed list of the risks and uncertainties affecting Aurinia and its business can be found in Aurinia's most recent Annual Information Form available by accessing the Canadian Securities Administrators' System for Electronic Document Analysis and Retrieval (SEDAR) website at www.sedar.com or the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission's Electronic Document Gathering and Retrieval System (EDGAR) website at www.sec.gov/edgar.
We seek safe harbour.
Original News Release: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20191204005890/en/Aurinia-Announces-Positive-AURORA-Phase-3-Trial
Investor & Corporate Contact:
Glenn Schulman, PharmD, MPH
Corporate Communications, Aurinia
gschulman@auriniapharma.com
Krystle Gibbs
Ten Bridge Communications
krystle@tenbridgecommunications.com
Tagged with: AUPH, Aurinia, Aurinia Pharmaceutical, Lupus, Nephritis


How to configure MongoDB in Phalcon 3 ?
@Lajos Bencz, Yes "mongo" is not installed, "mongodb" is how can I use it with PHP7 + Phalcon3 ?
@Jonathan Aaron Steel, I've tried installing it with "sudo pecl install mongodb", but I'm still unable to use "mongodb" in Phalcon.
I got it working now, I was missing getSource function.
But is there a way to use MongoDB in Phalcon without having to use Incubator Adapter?
Also, I was able to use "find()" "findFirst()" "save()" but how do you use "DELETE" one or multiple rows ? Thanks.
Man, I'm stuck on this... Is there something else that you executed to make it work?!


This past weekend, I realized there's a little thing I truly miss about living in a small town.
You know the one. You're driving down the road, get close to a car coming the other way, and see the driver's hand pop up from the wheel giving a little wave. It's a quick lift of the hand, a small gesture, but one that doesn't exist in the big city.
People don't do The Wave here in Atlanta.
In fact, just this morning, it hit me that people don't even do the Thank You Wave here. You know, the one that's flashed when you let somebody out in front of you? I let a man out in front of me at Starbucks and got nothing. Nada. No lift of the hand, no gesture of thanks.
We moved from our small hometown a little over 4 years ago. Going back there now, we easily fall into the habit of throwing The Wave to people we pass, and they wave back!
It's a little thing, but it means so much.
This has been my post for this week's Just Write, hosted by the lovely and talented Heather from The Extraordinary Ordinary.
All at once, all the things had to be done.
Last day of work. First day of work.
Taking the kid to Florida. Picking the kid up from Fort Valley.
Everything happened all at once. It wasn't planned like that — it is what it is.
The dust is settling. We're settling in the new house, making sure to take a minute to look out back at the calm body of water that's feet from our back door.
I'm settling in with my new job. I've been going into the office every day, but hope to get into the groove of working from home most all of the time starting next week.
Henry will be home tomorrow after being gone for 12 days. On Friday, he'll ride in the parade with his scout pack.
The weekend will be spent catching up, unpacking, being together, and watching the dust settle even more around us in our new surroundings.
He sits perfectly perfect, posture textbook worthy, with his work-issued STOP sign leaning next to him on the bench. His orange vest is clean and zipped, his hood pulled over his head, under his hard hat.
He's a DOT worker I pass every morning on my way to work.
Without fail, he's sitting on the bench at the intersection with a book in his hand. There's normally a pen, frantically jotting down notes in the margins or underlining passages. Whatever it is he's doing, he's doing with intensity, not seeming to notice that he's sitting five feet from one of the busiest streets in the area.
This morning he had a small legal pad, again, frantically writing line after line on his lap.
In my head, at that stoplight, I wonder what his story is. I mean, he's a young guy. The options are endless. Today my thoughts flowed and my imagination went wild.
He's working a DOT job during the day and going to school at night. He's been up with a crying baby because his girlfriend who delivered their first baby a few weeks ago had to return to work at nights. Running on about 90 minutes of sleep, he figures he can get his school assignments read and written while he's waiting for the bus.
It's his few minutes of peace before he hits the pavement, holding the sign that switches from STOP to SLOW, allowing the long line of pissed off drivers through the construction zone where his coworkers are jackhammering, bulldozing, and standing around pondering the meaning of life. Work is noisy. Waiting for the bus is quiet.
In fact, he loves getting immersed in the novels he's been assigned at school. His European literature course is his favorite. He's pondering changing his major from Business to Education. He feels himself being drawn to teaching kids about the power of literature and the power of writing.
As he sees the bus coming down the road, he flips the legal pad to the back and catches a glimpse of the letter telling him he's been chosen for a short story award at his college.
The young man slips his book and notepad into the side of his lunch bag, grabs his STOP/SLOW sign, and gets on the bus. He smiles to himself knowing that if he can keep on going, working hard, and loving his family, he will never live his life on STOP or SLOW — he will live it on GO.
This is my installment for Just Write, hosted by Heather at The Extraordinary Ordinary.


text:
Oklahoma! é um filme musical estadunidense de 1955, baseado na peça musical de 1943 Oklahoma!, escrito pelo compositor Richard Rodgers e o letrista/libretista Oscar Hammerstein II.

Considerado um clássico na história dos musicais de Hollywood, esta produção foi o primeiro musical dirigido por Fred Zinnemann e foi a estreia da actriz/atriz Shirley Jones no cinema.

Estreou em Portugal a 18 de Dezembro de 1956, para celebrar o Natal.

Sinopse
No território do Oklahoma nos inícios do século XX, numa visão idealizada dum tempo e duma vida mais simples, vive-se a história de um terno romance e de uma violenta paixão, vivida entre Curly, honrado trabalhador de rancho, alegre e de bom carácter/caráter, e Laurey Williams, a filha do dono do rancho, que ele elegeu como a dona do seu coração. No meio está o ameaçador Jud, que tenta separá-los de uma maneira implacável, chegando a pôr em risco o futuro do rancho.

Elenco
 Gordon MacRae - Curly
 Shirley Jones - Laurey Williams
 Rod Steiger - Jud Fry
 Gloria Grahame - Ado Annie
 Charlotte Greenwood - Aunt Eller
 Gene Nelson - Will Parker
 James Whitmore - Mr. Carnes
 Eddie Albert - ALi Hakim

Referências

Filmes dos Estados Unidos de 1955
Filmes musicais dos Estados Unidos
Filmes musicais da década de 1950
Filmes dirigidos por Fred Zinnemann
Filmes da 20th Century Studios
Filmes em língua inglesa
Filmes ambientados em Oklahoma
Filmes preservados no National Film Registry

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
The windmills at Kinderdijk in the village of Kinderdijk, Netherlands is a UNESCO World Heritage Site
A windmill is a structure that converts wind power into rotational energy using vanes called sails or blades, specifically to mill grain (gristmills), but the term is also extended to windpumps, wind turbines, and other applications, in some parts of the English speaking world. The term wind engine is sometimes used to describe such devices.[1]
Windmills were used throughout the high medieval and early modern periods; the horizontal or panemone windmill first appeared in Persia during the 9th century, and the vertical windmill first appeared in northwestern Europe in the 12th century.[2][3] Regarded as an icon of Dutch culture,[4] there are approximately 1,000 windmills in the Netherlands today.[5]
Forerunners
A 19th-century reconstruction of Heron's wind-powered organ
Wind-powered machines may have been known earlier, but there is no clear evidence of windmills before the 9th century.[6] Hero of Alexandria (Heron) in first-century Roman Egypt described what appears to be a wind-driven wheel to power a machine.[7][8] His description of a wind-powered organ is not a practical windmill but was either an early wind-powered toy or a design concept for a wind-powered machine that may or may not have been a working device, as there is ambiguity in the text and issues with the design.[9] Another early example of a wind-driven wheel was the prayer wheel, which is believed to have been first used in Tibet and China, though there is uncertainty over the date of its first appearance, which could have been either c. 400, the 7th century,[10] or after the 9th century.[9]
One of the earliest recorded working windmill designs found was invented sometime around 700–900 AD in Persia.[11][12] This design was the panemone, with vertical lightweight wooden sails attached by horizontal struts to a central vertical shaft. It was first built to pump water, and subsequently modified to grind grain as well.[13][14]
Horizontal windmills
Main article: Panemone windmill
Further information: Vertical axis wind turbine
The Persian horizontal windmill, the first practical windmill.
Hooper's Mill, Margate, Kent, an eighteenth-century European horizontal windmill
The first practical windmills were panemone windmills, using sails that rotated in a horizontal plane, around a vertical axis. Made of six to 12 sails covered in reed matting or cloth material, these windmills were used to grind grain or draw up water.[15] A medieval account reports that windmill technology was used in Persia and the Middle East during the reign of Rashidun caliph Umar ibn al-Khattab (r. 634–644), based on the caliph's conversation with a Persian builder slave.[16] The authenticity of part of the anecdote involving the caliph Umar is questioned because it was recorded only in the 10th century.[17] The Persian geographer Estakhri reported windmills being operated in Khorasan (Eastern Iran and Western Afghanistan) already in the 9th century.[18][19] Such windmills were in widespread use across the Middle East and Central Asia and later spread to Europe, China, and India from there.[20] By the 11th century, the vertical-axle windmill had reached parts of Southern Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula (via Al-Andalus) and the Aegean Sea (in the Balkans).[21] A similar type of horizontal windmill with rectangular blades, used for irrigation, can also be found in thirteenth-century China (during the Jurchen Jin dynasty in the north), introduced by the travels of Yelü Chucai to Turkestan in 1219.[22]
Vertical-axle windmills were built, in small numbers, in Europe during the 18th and nineteenth centuries,[15] for example Fowler's Mill at Battersea in London, and Hooper's Mill at Margate in Kent. These early modern examples seem not to have been directly influenced by the vertical-axle windmills of the medieval period, but to have been independent inventions by 18th-century engineers.[23]
Vertical windmills
A windmill in Kotka, Finland in May 1987
The horizontal-axis or vertical windmill (so called due to the plane of the movement of its sails) is a development of the 12th century, first used in northwestern Europe, in the triangle of northern France, eastern England and Flanders.[24] It is unclear whether the vertical windmill was influenced by the introduction of the horizontal windmill from Persia-Middle East to Southern Europe in the preceding century.[25][26]
The earliest certain reference to a windmill in Northern Europe (assumed to have been of the vertical type) dates from 1185, in the former village of Weedley in Yorkshire which was located at the southern tip of the Wold overlooking the Humber Estuary.[27] Several earlier, but less certainly dated, 12th-century European sources referring to windmills have also been found.[28] These earliest mills were used to grind cereals.[29]
Post mill
Main article: Post mill
The evidence at present is that the earliest type of European windmill was the post mill, so named because of the large upright post on which the mill's main structure (the "body" or "buck") is balanced. By mounting the body this way, the mill can rotate to face the wind direction; an essential requirement for windmills to operate economically in north-western Europe, where wind directions are variable. The body contains all the milling machinery. The first post mills were of the sunken type, where the post was buried in an earth mound to support it. Later, a wooden support was developed called the trestle. This was often covered over or surrounded by a roundhouse to protect the trestle from the weather and to provide storage space. This type of windmill was the most common in Europe until the 19th century when more powerful tower and smock mills replaced them.[30]
Hollow-post mill
In a hollow-post mill, the post on which the body is mounted is hollowed out, to accommodate the drive shaft.[31] This makes it possible to drive machinery below or outside the body while still being able to rotate the body into the wind. Hollow-post mills driving scoop wheels were used in the Netherlands to drain wetlands from the 14th century onwards.[32]
Tower mill
Main article: Tower mill
Windmill in the Azores islands, Portugal.
Tower mills in Consuegra, Spain
By the end of the 13th century, the masonry tower mill, on which only the cap is rotated rather than the whole body of the mill, had been introduced. The spread of tower mills came with a growing economy that called for larger and more stable sources of power, though they were more expensive to build. In contrast to the post mill, only the cap of the tower mill needs to be turned into the wind, so the main structure can be made much taller, allowing the sails to be made longer, which enables them to provide useful work even in low winds. The cap can be turned into the wind either by winches or gearing inside the cap or from a winch on the tail pole outside the mill. A method of keeping the cap and sails into the wind automatically is by using a fantail, a small windmill mounted at right angles to the sails, at the rear of the windmill. These are also fitted to tail poles of post mills and are common in Great Britain and English-speaking countries of the former British Empire, Denmark, and Germany but rare in other places. Around some parts of the Mediterranean Sea, tower mills with fixed caps were built because the wind's direction varied little most of the time.[citation needed]
Smock mill
Main article: Smock mill
Two smock mills with a stage in Greetsiel, Germany
The smock mill is a later development of the tower mill, where the masonry tower is replaced by a wooden framework, called the "smock", which is thatched, boarded, or covered by other materials, such as slate, sheet metal, or tar paper. The smock is commonly of octagonal plan, though there are examples with different numbers of sides. The lighter weight than tower mills makes smock mills practical as drainage mills, which often had to be built in areas with unstable subsoil. Smock mills originated for drainage, but are also used for other purposes. When used in a built-up area it is often placed on a masonry base to raise it above the surrounding buildings.[citation needed]
Main article: Windmill sail
Windmill in Kuremaa, Estonia
5-sail Holgate windmill in York, England
Common sails consist of a lattice framework on which the sailcloth is spread. The miller can adjust the amount of cloth spread according to the wind and the power needed. In medieval mills, the sailcloth was wound in and out of a ladder-type arrangement of sails. Later mill sails had a lattice framework over which the sailcloth was spread, while in colder climates, the cloth was replaced by wooden slats, which were easier to handle in freezing conditions.[33] The jib sail is commonly found in Mediterranean countries and consists of a simple triangle of cloth wound round a spar.[34]
In all cases, the mill needs to be stopped to adjust the sails. Inventions in Great Britain in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries led to sails that automatically adjust to the wind speed without the need for the miller to intervene, culminating in patent sails invented by William Cubitt in 1807. In these sails, the cloth is replaced by a mechanism of connected shutters.[citation needed]
In France, Pierre-Théophile Berton invented a system consisting of longitudinal wooden slats connected by a mechanism that lets the miller open them while the mill is turning. In the twentieth century, increased knowledge of aerodynamics from the development of the airplane led to further improvements in efficiency by German engineer Bilau and several Dutch millwrights.[citation needed] The majority of windmills have four sails. Multiple-sailed mills, with five, six, or eight sails, were built in Great Britain (especially in and around the counties of Lincolnshire and Yorkshire), Germany, and less commonly elsewhere. Earlier multiple-sailed mills are found in Spain, Portugal, Greece, parts of Romania, Bulgaria, and Russia.[35] A mill with an even number of sails has the advantage of being able to run with a damaged sail by removing both the damaged sail and the one opposite, which does not unbalance the mill.[citation needed]
De Valk windmill in mourning position following the death of Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands in 1962
In the Netherlands, the stationary position of the sails, i.e. when the mill is not working, has long been used to give signals. If the blades are stopped in a "+" sign (3-6-9-12 o'clock), the windmill is open for business. When the blades are stopped in an "X" configuration, the windmill is closed or not functional. A slight tilt of the sails (top blade at 1 o'clock) signals joy, such as the birth of a healthy baby. A tilt of the blades to 11-2-5-8 o'clock signals mourning, or warning. It was used to signal the local region during Nazi operations in World War II, such as searches for Jews. Across the Netherlands, windmills were placed in mourning positions in honor of the Dutch victims of the 2014 Malaysian Airlines Flight 17 shootdown.[36]
Main article: Mill machinery
Gears inside a windmill convey power from the rotary motion of the sails to a mechanical device. The sails are carried on the horizontal windshaft. Windshafts can be wholly made of wood, wood with a cast iron pole end (where the sails are mounted), or entirely of cast iron. The brake wheel is fitted onto the windshaft between the front and rear bearings. It has the brake around the outside of the rim and teeth in the side of the rim which drives the horizontal gearwheel called wallower on the top end of the vertical upright shaft. In grist mills, the great spur wheel, lower down the upright shaft, drives one or more stone nuts on the shafts driving each millstone. Post mills sometimes have a head and/or tail wheel driving the stone nuts directly, instead of the spur gear arrangement. Additional gear wheels drive a sack hoist or other machinery. The machinery differs if the windmill is used for other applications than milling grain. A drainage mill uses another set of gear wheels on the bottom end of the upright shaft to drive a scoop wheel or Archimedes' screw. Sawmills uses a crankshaft to provide a reciprocating motion to the saws. Windmills have been used to power many other industrial processes, including papermills, threshing mills, and to process oil seeds, wool, paints, and stone products.[37]
An isometric drawing of the machinery of the Beebe Windmill
Diagram of the smock mill at Meopham, Kent
Cross section of a post mill
Windshaft, brake wheel, and brake blocks in smock mill d'Admiraal in Amsterdam
Interior view, Pantigo windmill, East Hampton, New York Historic American Buildings Survey
Technical drawing of a 1793 Dutch smock mill for land drainage
1813 technical drawing
Spread and decline
A windmill in Wales, United Kingdom. 1815.
Don Quixote being struck by a windmill (1863 illustration by Gustave Doré).
Egbert Livensz van der Poel, Windmill Fire (17th century), National Museum in Kraków
Oilmill De Zoeker, paintmill De Kat and paltrok sawmill De Gekroonde Poelenburg at the Zaanse Schans
In the 14th century, windmills became popular in Europe; the total number of wind-powered mills is estimated to have been around 200,000 at the peak in 1850, which is modest compared to some 500,000 water wheels.[33] Windmills were applied in regions where there was too little water, where rivers freeze in winter and in flat lands where the flow of the river was too slow to provide the required power.[33] With the coming of the industrial revolution, the importance of wind and water as primary industrial energy sources declined, and they were eventually replaced by steam (in steam mills) and internal combustion engines, although windmills continued to be built in large numbers until late in the nineteenth century. More recently, windmills have been preserved for their historic value, in some cases as static exhibits when the antique machinery is too fragile to be put in motion, and other cases as fully working mills.[38]
Of the 10,000 windmills in use in the Netherlands around 1850,[39] about 1,000 are still standing. Most of these are being run by volunteers, though some grist mills are still operating commercially. Many of the drainage mills have been appointed as a backup to the modern pumping stations. The Zaan district has been said to have been the first industrialized region of the world with around 600 operating wind-powered industries by the end of the eighteenth century.[39] Economic fluctuations and the industrial revolution had a much greater impact on these industries than on grain and drainage mills, so only very few are left.
Construction of mills spread to the Cape Colony in the seventeenth century. The early tower mills did not survive the gales of the Cape Peninsula, so in 1717 the Heeren XVII sent carpenters, masons, and materials to construct a durable mill. The mill, completed in 1718, became known as the Oude Molen and was located between Pinelands Station and the Black River. Long since demolished, its name lives on as that of a Technical school in Pinelands. By 1863, Cape Town had 11 mills stretching from Paarden Eiland to Mowbray.[40]
Main articles: Wind power and High-altitude wind power
A group of wind turbines in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, China
A wind turbine in Huikku, Hailuoto, Finland
A wind turbine is a windmill-like structure specifically developed to generate electricity. They can be seen as the next step in the development of the windmill. The first wind turbines were built by the end of the nineteenth century by Prof James Blyth in Scotland (1887),[41] Charles F. Brush in Cleveland, Ohio (1887–1888)[42][43] and Poul la Cour in Denmark (1890s). La Cour's mill from 1896 later became the local power of the village of Askov. By 1908 there were 72 wind-driven electric generators in Denmark, ranging from 5 to 25 kW. By the 1930s, windmills were widely used to generate electricity on farms in the United States where distribution systems had not yet been installed, built by companies such as Jacobs Wind, Wincharger, Miller Airlite, Universal Aeroelectric, Paris-Dunn, Airline, and Winpower. The Dunlite Corporation produced turbines for similar locations in Australia.[citation needed]
Forerunners of modern horizontal-axis utility-scale wind generators were the WIME-3D in service in Balaklava USSR from 1931 until 1942, a 100-kW generator on a 30-m (100-ft) tower,[44] the Smith–Putnam wind turbine built in 1941 on the mountain known as Grandpa's Knob in Castleton, Vermont, United States of 1.25 MW[45] and the NASA wind turbines developed from 1974 through the mid-1980s. The development of these 13 experimental wind turbines pioneered many of the wind turbine design technologies in use today, including steel tube towers, variable-speed generators, composite blade materials, and partial-span pitch control, as well as aerodynamic, structural, and acoustic engineering design capabilities. The modern wind power industry began in 1979 with the serial production of wind turbines by Danish manufacturers Kuriant, Vestas, Nordtank, and Bonus. These early turbines were small by today's standards, with capacities of 20–30 kW each. Since then, commercial turbines have increased greatly in size, with the Enercon E-126 capable of delivering up to 7 MW, while wind turbine production has expanded to many countries.[citation needed]
As the 21st century began, rising concerns over energy security, global warming, and eventual fossil fuel depletion led to an expansion of interest in all available forms of renewable energy. Worldwide, many thousands of wind turbines are now operating, with a total nameplate capacity of 591 GW as of 2018.[46]
Main article: Wind turbine design
In an attempt to make wind turbines more efficient and increase their energy output, they are being built bigger, with taller towers and longer blades, and being increasingly deployed in offshore locations.[47][48] While such changes increase their power output, they subject the components of the windmills to stronger forces and consequently put them at a greater risk of failure. Taller towers and longer blades suffer from higher fatigue, and offshore windfarms are subject to greater forces due to winds of higher wind speeds and accelerated corrosion due to the proximity to seawater. To ensure a long enough lifetime to make the return on the investment viable, the materials for the components must be chosen appropriately.
The blade of a wind turbine consists of 4 main elements: the root, spar, aerodynamic fairing, and surfacing. The fairing is composed of two shells (one on the pressure side, and one on the suction side), connected by one or more webs linking the upper and lower shells. The webs connect to the spar laminates, which are enclosed within the skins (surfacing) of the blade, and together, the system of the webs and spars resist the flapwise loading. Flapwise loading, one of the two different types of loading that blades are subject to, is caused by the wind pressure, and edgewise loading (the second type of loading), is caused by the gravitational force and torque load. The former loading subjects the spar laminate on the pressure (upwind) side of the blade to cyclic tension-tension loading, while the suction (downwind) side of the blade is subject to cyclic compression-compression loading. Edgewise bending subjects the leading edge to a tensile load, and the trailing edge to a compressive load. The remainder of the shell, not supported by the spars or laminated at the leading and trailing edges, is designed as a sandwiched structure, consisting of multiple layers to prevent elastic buckling.[49]
In addition to meeting the stiffness, strength, and toughness requirements determined by the loading, the blade needs to be lightweight as well, because of the weight of the blade scales with the cube of its radius. To determine which materials fit the criteria described above, a parameter known as the beam merit index is defined: Mb = E^1/2 / rho,[50] where E is Young's modulus and rho is the density. The materials that are best suited for the blade design are carbon and glass fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP, GFRP). Currently, GFRP polymers are the ideal solution for their relatively low cost and moderate figure of merit. CFRP has a much greater figure of merit but is significantly more expensive due to which they are not often employed.[51]
Recycling and waste problems with polymers blades
When the Vindeby Offshore Wind Farm was taken down in Denmark in 2017, 99% of the not-degradable fiberglass from 33 wind turbine blades ended as cut up at the Rærup Controlled Landfill near Aalborg, and in 2020 with considerably larger fiberglass quantities, even though it is the least environmentally friendly way of handling waste. Scrapped wind turbine blades are set to become a huge waste problem in Denmark and countries Denmark, to a greater and greater extent, export its many produced wind turbines.[52][53][54]
"The reason why many wings end up in landfill is that they are incredibly difficult to separate from each other, which you will have to do if you hope to be able to recycle the fiberglass", says Lykke Margot Ricard, Associate Professor in Innovation and Technological Foresight and education leader for civil engineering in Product Development and Innovation at the University of Southern Denmark (SDU). According to Dakofa, the Danish Competence Center for Waste and Resources, there is nothing specific in the Danish waste order about how to handle discarded fiberglass.[52][55]
Several scrap dealers tell Ingeniøren, that they have handled wind turbine blades (wings) that have been pulverized after being taken to a recycling station.[56] One of them is the recycling company H.J. Hansen, where the product manager informed, that they have transported approximately half of the wings they have received since 2012 to Reno Nord's landfill in Aalborg. A total of around 1,000 wings have ended up there, he estimates - and today up to 99 percent of the wings the company receives end up in a landfill.[57]
Since 1996, according to an estimate made by Lykke Margot Ricard (SDU) in 2020, at least 8,810 tonnes of the wing scrap have been disposed of in Denmark, and the waste problem will grow significantly in the coming years when more and more wind turbines have reached their end of life. According to the SDU lecturer's calculations, the waste sector in Denmark will have to receive 46,400 tonnes of fiberglass from wind turbine blades over the next 20-25 years.[57]
As so, at the island, Lolland, in Denmark, 250 tonnes of fiberglass from wind turbine waste also pours up on a landfill at Gerringe in the middle of Lolland in 2020.[56][58]
In the United States, a scrap of, and worn-out wind turbine blades made of fiberglass, go to the handful of landfills that accept them, like in Lake Mills, Iowa; Sioux Falls, South Dakota; and Casper.[59]
Windpumps
Main article: Windpump
Aermotor-style windpump in South Dakota, USA
Windpump in far western NSW.
Windpumps were used to pump water since at least the 9th century in what is now Afghanistan, Iran and Pakistan.[19] The use of wind pumps became widespread across the Muslim world and later spread to East Asia (China) and South Asia (India).[60] Windmills were later used extensively in Europe, particularly in the Netherlands and the East Anglia area of Great Britain, from the late Middle Ages onwards, to drain land for agricultural or building purposes.
The American windmill, or wind engine, was invented by Daniel Halladay in 1854[61] and was used mostly for lifting water from wells. Larger versions were also used for tasks such as sawing wood, chopping hay, and shelling and grinding grain.[62] In early California and some other states, the windmill was part of a self-contained domestic water system which included a hand-dug well and a wooden water tower supporting a redwood tank enclosed by wooden siding known as a tankhouse. During the late 19th century, steel blades and steel towers replaced wooden construction. At their peak in 1930, an estimated 600,000 units were in use.[63] Firms such as U.S. Wind Engine and Pump Company, Challenge Wind Mill and Feed Mill Company, Appleton Manufacturing Company, Star, Eclipse, Fairbanks-Morse, Dempster Mill Manufacturing Company and Aermotor became the main suppliers in North and South America. These windpumps are used extensively on farms and ranches in the United States, Canada, Southern Africa, and Australia. They feature a large number of blades, so they turn slowly with considerable torque in low winds and are self-regulating in high winds. A tower-top gearbox and crankshaft convert the rotary motion into reciprocating strokes carried downward through a rod to the pump cylinder below. Such mills pumped water and powered feed mills, sawmills, and agricultural machinery.
In Australia, the Griffiths Brothers at Toowoomba manufactured windmills of the American pattern from 1876, with the trade name Southern Cross Windmills in use from 1903. These became an icon of the Australian rural sector by utilizing the water of the Great Artesian Basin.[64] Another well-known maker was Metters Ltd. of Adelaide, Perth and Sydney.
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^ "Windmill". Merriam-webster.com. 31 August 2012. Retrieved 15 August 2013. "a mill or machine operated by the wind usually acting on oblique vanes or sails that radiate from a horizontal shaft, especially: (a) wind-driven water pump or electric generator, (b) the wind-driven wheel of a windmill".
^ Glick, Thomas F., Steven Livesey, and Faith Wallis. Medieval science, technology, and medicine: an encyclopedia. Routledge, 2014, 519.
^ Geography, Landscape and Mills. Pennsylvania State University.
^ Ahmed, Shamim (10 July 2015). "Amsterdam • Venice of the North". theindependentbd.com. The Independent. Archived from the original on 15 June 2022. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
^ "The Dutch windmill making artisanal bread". BBC. Retrieved 8 February 2021.
^ Shepherd, Dennis G. (December 1990). "Historical development of the windmill". NASA Contractor Report. Cornell University (4337). CiteSeerX 10.1.1.656.3199. doi:10.2172/6342767.
^ Dietrich Lohrmann, "Von der östlichen zur westlichen Windmühle", Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, Vol. 77, Issue 1 (1995), pp. 1–30 (10f.)
^ A.G. Drachmann, "Hero's Windmill", Centaurus, 7 (1961), pp. 145–151
^ a b Shepherd, Dennis G. (December 1990). "Historical development of the windmill". NASA Contractor Report. Cornell University (4337). Bibcode:1990cuni.reptR....S. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.656.3199. doi:10.2172/6342767. hdl:2060/19910012312.
^ Lucas, Adam (2006). Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology. Brill Publishers. p. 105. ISBN 90-04-14649-0.
^ Eldridge, Frank (1980). Wind Machines (2nd ed.). New York: Litton Educational Publishing, Inc. p. 15. ISBN 0-442-26134-9.
^ Shepherd, William (2011). Electricity Generation Using Wind Power (1 ed.). Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. p. 4. ISBN 978-981-4304-13-9.
^ "Part 1 — Early History Through 1875". Archived from the original on 2018-10-02. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
^ "A Panemone (Drag-Type Windmill)". Archived from the original on 2008-10-25. Retrieved 2008-07-31.
^ a b Wailes, R. Horizontal Windmills. London, Transactions of the Newcomen Society vol. XL 1967–68 pp 125–145
^ Ahmed, Maqbul; Iskandar, A. Z. (2001). Science and Technology in Islam: The exact and natural sciences (Paperback). UNESCO Pub. p. 80. ISBN 9789231038303. Retrieved 27 December 2021.
^ Dietrich Lohrmann, "Von der östlichen zur westlichen Windmühle", Archiv für Kulturgeschichte, Vol. 77, Issue 1 (1995), pp. 1–30 (8)
^ Klaus Ferdinand, "The Horizontal Windmills of Western Afghanistan," Folk 5, 1963, pp. 71–90.. Ahmad Y Hassan, Donald Routledge Hill (1986). Islamic Technology: An illustrated history, p. 54. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-42239-6.
^ a b Lucas, Adam (2006), Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology, Brill Publishers, p. 65, ISBN 90-04-14649-0
^ Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, p. 64–69. (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering)
^ "Asbads (windmill) of Iran". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
^ Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 2, Mechanical Engineering. Taipei: Caves Books Ltd., p. 560.
^ Hills, R L. Power from Wind: A History of Windmill Technology. Cambridge University Press 1993
^ Braudel, Fernand (1992). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th–18th Century, Vol. I: The Structure of Everyday Life. University of California Press. p. 358. ISBN 9780520081147.
^ Farrokh, Kaveh (2007), Shadows in the Desert, Osprey Publishing, p. 280, ISBN 978-1-84603-108-3 Lynn White Jr. Medieval technology and social change (Oxford, 1962) p. 86 & p. 161–162. Bent Sorensen (November 1995), "History of, and Recent Progress in, Wind-Energy Utilization", Annual Review of Energy and the Environment, 20 (1): 387–424, doi:10.1146/annurev.eg.20.110195.002131
^ Lucas, Adam (2006), Wind, Water, Work: Ancient and Medieval Milling Technology, Brill Publishers, pp. 106–7, ISBN 90-04-14649-0
^ Laurence Turner, Roy Gregory (2009). Windmills of Yorkshire. Catrine, East Ayrshire: Stenlake Publishing. p. 2. ISBN 9781840334753. Archived from the original on 2019-11-01. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
^ Lynn White Jr., Medieval technology and social change (Oxford, 1962) p. 87.
^ Sathyajith, Mathew (2006). Wind Energy: Fundamentals, Resource Analysis and Economics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. pp. 1–9. ISBN 978-3-540-30905-5.
^ Hills, Power from wind: a history of windmill technology, (1996), 65
^ Martin Watts (2006). Windmills. Osprey Publishing. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7478-0653-0.
^ Erich Hau (26 February 2013). Wind Turbines: Fundamentals, Technologies, Application, Economics. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 7–. ISBN 978-3-642-27151-9.
^ a b c "Wind powered factories: history (and future) of industrial windmills". Low-tech Magazine. 8 October 2009. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
^ "Windmill Sail - Different Types of Windmill Sails". www.historyofwindmills.com. Retrieved 2022-02-21.
^ Wailes, Rex (1954), The English Windmill, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, pp. 99–104
^ "In somber ceremony, Dutch receive the first remains of MH17 victims". CNN. 23 July 2014. Retrieved 24 July 2014.
^ Gregory, R. The Industrial Windmill in Britain. Phillimore, 2005
^ Victorian Farm, Episode 1. Directed and produced by Naomi Benson. BBC Television
^ a b Endedijk, L and others. Molens, De Nieuwe Stockhuyzen. Wanders. 2007. ISBN 978-90-400-8785-1
^ "Local Windmills". Mostertsmill.co.za. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
^ Shackleton, Jonathan. "World First for Scotland Gives Engineering Student a History Lesson". The Robert Gordon University. Archived from the original on 17 December 2008. Retrieved 20 November 2008.
^ [Anon, 1890, 'Mr. Brush's Windmill Dynamo', Scientific American, vol 63 no. 25, 20 Dec, p. 54]
^ History of Wind Energy in Cutler J. Cleveland,(ed) Encyclopedia of Energy Vol.6, Elsevier, ISBN 978-1-60119-433-6, 2007, pp. 421–422
^ Erich Hau, Wind turbines: fundamentals, technologies, application, economics, Birkhäuser, 2006 ISBN 3-540-24240-6, page 32, with a photo
^ The Return of Windpower to Grandpa's Knob and Rutland County Archived 28 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Noble Environmental Power, LLC, 12 November 2007. Retrieved from Noblepower.com website 10 January 2010. Comment: this is the real name for the mountain the turbine was built, in case you wondered.
^ "Global Installed Capacity in 2018". GWEC. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
^ Ng C., Ran L. "Offshore Wind Farms: Technologies, Design and Operation" Woodhead Publishing (2016)
^ Paul Breeze,Chapter 11 - Wind Power,"Power Generation Technologies (Second Edition)", Newnes,2014,Pages 223-242,ISBN 9780080983301,https://doi.org/10.1016B978-0-08-098330-1.00011-9.
^ Mishnaevsky, Leon et al. "Materials for Wind Turbine Blades: An Overview." Materials vol. 10,11 1285. 9 November 2017, doi:10.3390/ma10111285
^ H.R. Shercliff, M.F. Ashby,"Elastic Structures in Design", Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering,Elsevier,2016,ISBN 9780128035818, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-803581-8.02944-1.
^ Ennis, Kelley, et al. "Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design" US Department of Energy (2019), https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/downloads/optimized-carbon-fiber-composites-wind-turbine-blade-design
^ a b "Verdens første havmøllepark er deponeret på en losseplads i Aalborg". plast.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-09-12.
^ "Tal og viden om eksport | Wind Denmark". winddenmark.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-09-15.
^ "Arbejdspladser og eksport | Wind Denmark". winddenmark.dk (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-09-15.
^ Olifent, Af Louise; Fredsted, Rasmus; Møgelbjerg 5, Sebastian Himmelstrup og Thomas (2020-04-17). "Glasfiber fra Vindeby Havmøllepark endte på losseplads i Aalborg". Ingeniøren (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-09-12.
^ a b Tiirikainen, Morten. "Politikere kræver handling: Rester fra vindmøller dumpes i jorden". TV2 ØST (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-09-15.
^ a b "Vindmøllevinger ender i deponi". Energy Supply DK. Retrieved 2022-09-12.
^ Østergaard, Kasper Larsen Jens. "Bagsiden af den grønne strøm - vindmøllerester graves ned i jorden". TV2 ØST (in Danish). Retrieved 2022-09-15.
^ Chris, Martin (2020). "Wind Turbine Blades Can't Be Recycled, So They're Piling Up in Landfills". Bloomberg.
^ Donald Routledge Hill, "Mechanical Engineering in the Medieval Near East", Scientific American, May 1991, pp. 64–69. (cf. Donald Routledge Hill, Mechanical Engineering Archived 2007-12-25 at the Wayback Machine)
^ "fnal.gov". fnal.gov. Retrieved 15 August 2013.
^ Clements, Elizabeth. "Historic Turns in The Windmill City". Ferimi News. Office of Science/US Dept of Energy. Retrieved 25 January 2015.
^ Paul Gipe, Wind Energy Comes of Age, John Wiley and Sons, 1995 ISBN 0-471-10924-X, pages 123–127
^ Bruce Millet, Triumph of the Griffiths Family (1984) (retrieved 10 December 2013)
R. Gregory, The Industrial Windmill in Britain. Phillimore, 2005
Vowles, Hugh Pembroke: "An Enquiry into Origins of the Windmill", Journal of the Newcomen Society, Vol. 11 (1930–31)
Wikisource has the text of The New Student's Reference Work article "Windmill".
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Windmills.
Architecture: Windmills at Curlie
Earth Science Australia, Wind Power and Windmills
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Mill Database, Belgium and Netherlands
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Historian and writer Guðni Th. Jóhannesson is a bestselling author and associate professor of history at the University of Iceland. His most recent book in English, The History of Iceland, was published in 2013 by ABC-Clio Press in the United States. Two of his books have been nominated for the Icelandic non-fiction literary awards. Guðni is frequent media commentator on Iceland's history and current affairs.


Home>Home & Garden>Kitchen>Kitchen accessories>Wood cutting board, French vintage design "Le Boudiou"
You will love this cutting board (5.5"x11").
It is painted like an old advertisement showing a French dry sausage, called saucisson in France.
The brown piece of wood can be removed in order to be washed.
This cutting board, a French dry sausage, a glass of red wine and you feel like in a French bistrot.
You will love this cutting board (5.5"x11"). It is painted like an old advertisement showing a French dry sausage, called saucisson in France. The brown piece of wood can be removed in order to be washed. This cutting board, a French dry sausage, a galss of red wine and you feel like in a French bistrot.
Bottle caddy, bier/soda, wood, French vintage design "Bieres et Sodas"


text:
You are here: Home > Features > Current Article
No restaurant blues at EP Koberl
Features Topic
By Pacific Coast Business Times Staff Monday, December 21st, 2009
The restaurant business is a notoriously tough one to succeed in, but Erich and Patricia Koberl must have had a secret recipe when they struck out on their own almost five years ago.
EP Koberl at Blue, a stylish little restaurant nestled in the corner of the historic J.P. Andrews Building in downtown San Luis Obispo, thrived through its first year under new ownership, and has continued to do well even through a down economy.
Even on nights when their dining tables aren't as full as they used to be, the after-work crowd keeps the cocktail bar lively, Patricia Koberl said. "Being a restaurant with two options — white tablecloth dining and a bar — has really helped us through the economy," she said. "There are some nights when the whole bar is full."
The full version of this article is only available in the print edition. To view everything the Business Times offers, see this week's print version or SUBSCRIBE to the print edition for $49.99 today.


Corporate author: TACAIDS, Ministry of Health, USAID.
Disability, inclusion and development: key information resources.
Location: EC 1. EC 1BS/10028.
Common interests common action: an intergenerational dialogue on overcoming poverty.
Corporate author: International Center for Research on Women (ICRW).


text:
Q: onMouseOver- DIV background image change but with restriction: No JavaScript "tag", no Style CSS?

Something like that, no outside clear <javascript> function changeBgImage() </javascript>
is allowed. No outside CSS is allowed. I know this company is very retro ~ ^^
Any help? currently, this shows the error.

A: url() is not a JavaScript function. It's actually part of the CSS value you want to set, so you'll probably have to do some evil double quoting, like this:
/* ... */ .style.backgroundImage = 'url(\'img/img1\')';

PS. you're also missing a single quote at the end of the first onmouseover handler.

A:

A: document.getElementById('test').style.backgroundImage = "url('img/img2)'"

Use that instead of your current inline JavaScript, and it should work. If you think about how the CSS would look:
#test { background-image: url('img/img3'); }

Then it's clear that url is part of the value of the CSS property, and therefore needs to be quoted.

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text:
UK Home Secretary: UK more secure in EU
Source: UK POOL
Dateline: London - 25 April 2016
UK POOL
London - 25 April 2016
1. British Home Secretary Theresa May arriving to deliver speech in favour of Britain remaining in the European Union (EU) ++MUTE++
2. SOUNDBITE (English) Theresa May, UK Home Secretary:
"Now I know that some people say the EU (European Union) does not make as more secure because it does not allow us to control our border. But that is not true. Free movement rules means it is harder to control the volume of European immigration and as I said yesterday, that is clearly no good thing. But they do not mean we cannot control the border. The fact that we are not part of Schengen (area), the group of countries without border checks, means we have avoided the worst of migration crisis that has hit continental Europe over the last year. It means we can conduct checks on people travelling to Britain from elsewhere in Europe and, subject to certain rules and the availability of information, it means we can block entry for serious criminals and terrorists."
++BLACK FRAMES++
3. SOUNDBITE (English) Boris Johnson, Mayor of London (backing campaign for Britain to leave the EU):
"We've been told we have to go to the back of the queue, that seems to me to be ridiculous when you consider that actually the real reason we haven't been able to do a free-trade deal with the United States in the last 43 years is that we are part of the EU."
"73 per cent of the non-EU trade we do at the moment is done without any kind of trade deal whatever, so first to be sort of bullied in this way, I don't want to exaggerate - for people to say that we are going to be unable to cope on our own I think is absoultely wrong."
++ENDS ON SOUNDBITE++
Britain's membership of the European Union means it is "more secure from crime and terrorism," British Home Secretary Theresa May argued in a speech on Monday.
It was May's first major speech since backing the campaign for Britain to remain a member of EU.
She said Britain had "avoided the worst of migration crisis that has hit continental Europe" because it was not part of the Schengen borderless area.
Meanwhile, the Mayor of London, Boris Johnson - a backer of the campaign for Britain to leave the EU, also known as "Brexit" - dismissed suggestions that Britain cannot cope if it leaves the 28 nation bloc.
Britain will hold a referendum on continued membership of the EU on 23 June.
Brexit referendum , European Mass Migration Crisis , Free trade , Events , International trade , Economy , Business
Theresa May , Boris Johnson
London , England , United Kingdom


text:
The bizarre way Rory Cowan will be written out of Mrs Brown's Boys revealed
We were not expecting this!
By Megan Roantree |
The storyline in which Rory Cowan will be written out of Mrs Brown's Boys have reportedly been decided .
The actor announced in July that he was leaving the show, stating that he was unhappy.
Creator and star Brendan O'Carroll was then tasked with coming up with a storyline for Rory's departure.
Rory plays a major character in the show, Mrs Brown's son Rory, which means that writing the character out completely could be difficult.
Instead Brendan plans to recast the actor with a very unusual.
"Brendan had been sweating about how to replace Rory as he wrote the Christmas special at his home in Florida," an insider told the Sun.
"He was really keen to keep the same camp character but played by a new actor.
"A plastic surgery storyline where Rory ends up with a new face was the perfect answer."
Rory Cowan will not appear in the Christmas special
Rory did not want to take part in the Christmas special which means that the face of his character will be bandaged up due to the surgery before the new face is unveiled.
It has not yet been revealed who will take over the part of the camp hairdresser.
Speaking about being replaced on the show, Rory admitted that he didn't mind a new actor taking over.
He said: "I'm sure the fans will be happy with the decision, I don't see why he wouldn't be.
"We can all be replaced, the only one who is irreplaceable is Mrs Brown. I'm gone now so whoever they get, or whatever storylines they have in the future that's not my business."
Read more: Rory Cowan opens up about leaving Mrs Brown's boys to care for his sick mother
Read more: Brendan O'Carroll to rewrite Mrs Browns Boys Christmas special following Rory Cowan's departure
Read more: Rory Cowan says he wishes he came out sooner
Brendan O'Carroll opens up about why Christmas can be a "lonely time"
Brendan O'Carroll opens up abour 'brawl' that broke out during one of his shows
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Brendan O'Carroll shares support for sister Eilish ahead of Dancing with the Stars
Shauna Lindsay shares "modern love story" of how she met Johnny B
Paul Mescal's mother had the most Irish reaction to his Oscar nomination
Spencer Matthews opens up about the death of his brother Michael
Everything we know about Niall Horan's new music
Fontaines D.C. guitarist Carlos O'Connell reveals he will be taking a break from touring as he awaits the birth of his first child
Take a look back at Barry Keoghan's notable career as he rises to the top


East Midlands Trains has alerted passengers travelling this afternoon that there is still a network fault affecting ticket machines at its stations across the country.
The fault means pre-booked tickets bought over the telephone or internet cannot be collected, although passengers can travel using the booking reference details.
Tickets can still be bought from the machines.
Posting on Twitter this afternoon the rail provider said: "We are having some technical problems with issuing tickets which have been booked in advance but are working to fix the problem."
A commuter on the Leicester to Birmingham service, provided by the company, said he had not noticed any extra queues at the London Road station's manned ticket office this morning.
An East Midlands Trains spokesperson said: "There is a small issue affecting our ticket machines this morning which is currently being rectified by our suppliers.
"Customers can continue to buy their tickets as normal from any of our ticket machines, but any customers with pre-booked tickets will need to show their booking reference on the train as pre-booked tickets cannot currently be collected from the ticket machines.


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text:
@interface NSObject(HCMatcherDummy)
- (BOOL)matches:(id)item;
@end

#pragma mark  -

@implementation OCMockRecorder

#pragma mark  Initialisers, description, accessors, etc.

- (id)initWithSignatureResolver:(id)anObject
{
	signatureResolver = anObject;
	invocationHandlers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
	return self;
}

- (void)dealloc
{
	[recordedInvocation release];
	[invocationHandlers release];
	[super dealloc];
}

- (NSString *)description
{
	return [recordedInvocation invocationDescription];
}

- (void)releaseInvocation
{
	[recordedInvocation release];
	recordedInvocation = nil;
}

#pragma mark  Recording invocation handlers

- (id)andReturn:(id)anObject
{
	[invocationHandlers addObject:[[[OCMReturnValueProvider alloc] initWithValue:anObject] autorelease]];
	return self;
}

- (id)andReturnValue:(NSValue *)aValue
{
	[invocationHandlers addObject:[[[OCMBoxedReturnValueProvider alloc] initWithValue:aValue] autorelease]];
	return self;
}

- (id)andThrow:(NSException *)anException
{
	[invocationHandlers addObject:[[[OCMExceptionReturnValueProvider alloc] initWithValue:anException] autorelease]];
	return self;
}

- (id)andPost:(NSNotification *)aNotification
{
	[invocationHandlers addObject:[[[OCMNotificationPoster alloc] initWithNotification:aNotification] autorelease]];
	return self;
}

- (id)andCall:(SEL)selector onObject:(id)anObject
{
	[invocationHandlers addObject:[[[OCMIndirectReturnValueProvider alloc] initWithProvider:anObject andSelector:selector] autorelease]];
	return self;
}

- (NSArray *)invocationHandlers
{
	return invocationHandlers;
}

#pragma mark  Recording the actual invocation

- (NSMethodSignature *)methodSignatureForSelector:(SEL)aSelector
{
	return [signatureResolver methodSignatureForSelector:aSelector];
}

- (void)forwardInvocation:(NSInvocation *)anInvocation
{
	if(recordedInvocation != nil)
		[NSException raise:NSInternalInconsistencyException format:@"Recorder received two methods to record."];
	[anInvocation setTarget:nil];
	[anInvocation retainArguments];
	recordedInvocation = [anInvocation retain];
}

#pragma mark  Checking the invocation

- (BOOL)matchesInvocation:(NSInvocation *)anInvocation
{
	id  recordedArg, passedArg;
	int i, n;

	if([anInvocation selector] != [recordedInvocation selector])
		return NO;

	n = [[recordedInvocation methodSignature] numberOfArguments];
	for(i = 2; i < n; i++)
	{
		recordedArg = [recordedInvocation getArgumentAtIndexAsObject:i];
		if([recordedArg isKindOfClass:[NSValue class]])
			recordedArg = [OCMArg resolveSpecialValues:recordedArg];
		passedArg = [anInvocation getArgumentAtIndexAsObject:i];

		if([recordedArg isKindOfClass:[OCMConstraint class]])
		{
			if([recordedArg evaluate:passedArg] == NO)
				return NO;
		}
		else if([recordedArg isKindOfClass:[OCMPassByRefSetter class]])
		{
			// side effect but easier to do here than in handleInvocation
			*(id *)[passedArg pointerValue] = [(OCMPassByRefSetter *)recordedArg value];
		}
		else if([recordedArg conformsToProtocol:objc_getProtocol("HCMatcher")])
		{
			if([recordedArg matches:passedArg] == NO)
				return NO;
		}
		else
		{
			if([recordedArg class] != [passedArg class])
				return NO;
			if(([recordedArg class] == [NSNumber class]) &&
				([(NSNumber*)recordedArg compare:(NSNumber*)passedArg] != NSOrderedSame))
				return NO;
			if(([recordedArg isEqual:passedArg] == NO) &&
				!((recordedArg == nil) && (passedArg == nil)))
				return NO;
		}
	}
	return YES;
}

@end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


This bracelet is great for Softball fans!
Love the bracket. Good quality, fits well, will be proud to wear to my grandaughter's games.
My daughter loves her bracelet!
I love it and so does my softball granddaughter!!
Poor delivery and communication. You took $$ out of my account December 3. I received bracelet December 28th. I still have NOT received my T-shirt. I will never order from you again BRAVE NEW LOOK. I wish I could be removed from your notices on my Facebook.
The delayed shipping had me worried but it did come before Christmas so it all ended up great.
Love it, and I'm sure my granddaughter will too.
This is for my daughter for Christmas. She will be thrilled.


Members can now download the "Art of Guerilla Warfare" by Colin Gubbins and "The Partisan Leader's Handbook" for the next 5 days FREE before they go on sale in our shop.
Login to the Secret Page, now found at the top of the members page and download the PDF files.
Both these guides were written when Colin Gubbins was in charge of the Auxiliaries, prior to his move over to SOE.


text:
Enric Grant Val (Barcelona, 4 de junio 1955) es un político y sindicalista español. Empezó su vida sindical a los 17 años, siendo elegido delegado de curso en la Universidad de Barcelona, militando en la Joven Guardia Roja del Partido Comunista de España (internacional) luego Partido del Trabajo de España, partido en el que militó desde 1972, en plena dictadura, hasta su disolución durante 1980.

Fue despedido de varias empresas entre los 17 y los 18 años, por ir extendiendo  CC.OO. durante la clandestinidad, hasta que a los 19 entró en Telefónica y allí empezó a trabajar en CC.OO. de dicha empresa.

Fue en el año 1976 uno de los dirigentes clandestinos de la huelga de abril de Telefónica y, de hecho, fue el único dirigente de CC.OO. al que la policía fue a detener a su domicilio por dicha huelga. Fue fichado, pero el juez lo dejó en libertad ante la falta de pruebas presentada por la policía.

Al llegar la democracia, participó en la creación de la CSUT de donde llegó a ser miembro del Comité ejecutivo de Cataluña.

Por este y otros hechos fue expedientado numerosas veces, no siendo anulados dichos expedientes hasta la amnistía laboral de 1982.

Fue elegido delegado en las primeras elecciones sindicales democráticas celebradas en  mayo de 1978, siendo reelegido en todas las elecciones sindicales posteriores hasta su prejubilación en diciembre de 2007.

Fue, con otros compañeros, fundador del SATT en 1982, siendo Coordinador General del mismo desde 1999 hasta el Congreso de 2004, denominado en aquellos momentos como Sección Sindical de Telefónica del STC.

Participó activamente en la unificación SATT-SITEC que dio lugar al STC en 2001, ejerciendo desde dicha fecha las funciones de Secretario General del STC hasta el III Congreso celebrado en la provincia de Alicante el año 2008, donde no se presentó a la reelección y fue elegido Presidente del STC.

En el IV Congreso, celebrado en Sevilla en noviembre de 2012 no se presentó a la reelección del cargo de Presidente y fue nombrado Presidente Fundador del STC, cargo de carácter honorario.

Sindicalistas de Cataluña
Nacidos en Barcelona


Weaning | Call Me Mummy!!
So last weekend we went to the movies. The last movie we saw was the Avengers which was amazing, there were applauds in the cinema at the end, it was that good. So this time, with much anticipation and excitement we went to see Prometheus.
Sadly, I'll have to give it a 5/10. Hubby and I were completely disappointed with the movie as it left so many questions unanswered and for a movie which is supposed to be a prequel to Aliens we didn't see much of them! But hey, that's just me! I'm not a movie critic so I'm not going to talk too much about it!
So where was Anjie in all this..?
Anjie is Weaning and Swimming at 5 months!
Although we had a relatively quite week the weekend was busy! We decided to introduce Anjie to some baby food! Namely baby rice and banana porridge… The initial plan was to wait till she was 6 months but she's been giving all the signs of being ready, including great head control, sitting up on her own, watching us while eating and sometimes even taking food from our plate and putting it in her mouth! So with that decide to hit the 22 week mark and start! I figured I'll start with baby cereal once a day then gradually increase it to three times a day and bring in puree by 6 months. For now i give her the cereal after her breastmilk, that way she isn't too hungry and cranky.


text:
Release date updates for The Man Who Fell To Earth season 2!
Can the alien visitor accomplish his goals? Has Showtime canceled or renewed The Man Who Fell to Earth for a second season? The Walter Tevis book and the David Bowie movie were the basis for the Showtime cable network television series The Man Who Fell to Earth. Chiwetel Ejiofor, Naomie Harris, Jimmi Simpson, Rob Delaney, Sonya Cassidy, Joana Ribeiro, Annelle Olaleye, Kate Mulgrew, Clarke Peters, and Bill Nighy are some of the actors who appear in it. The plot centers on a brand-new alien character (Ejiofor), who crashes in the New Mexico oil fields at a crucial juncture in human evolution and is forced to confront his past to determine our species' course. In the struggle to preserve two worlds, Justin Falls (Harris), a talented scientist and engineer, must face her demons.
The first season finale of The Man Who Fell To Earth couldn't have had higher stakes with the fate of two planets on the line.
You can read our description of what transpired here in case you missed the conclusion (but are still curious about the chance of a second season – what are you like?).
But will a second season be produced? While it appears to be one of those prestigious one-time transactions, there is more to it. Read to know more details right now.
The Man Who Fell to Earth season 2 Release date
We shouldn't count our chickens, but showrunner Alex Kurtzmann is incredibly enthusiastic.
"Do we have a second season in mind? Sure. Sure," he told Deadline. "I think halfway through the first season. We wanted a second season.
"The finale sets up a lot of things. Are the aliens coming back? What is that going to look like? If season one was an immigration metaphor, forget about season two when they all show up. That feels like a compelling area of attack."
Let's wait and see if Paramount is willing to invest in another adventure for Faraday, Justin, and the others after the reviews for the series were, to put it mildly, mixed. If it occurs, it won't be before the second half of 2023; nevertheless, a release date is unlikely unless the project is approved.
The cast of The Man Who Fell to Earth season 2
The Man Who Fell to Earth would not exist without the titular character; Chiwetel Ejiofor's comic, bewildered, and compassionate Anthean was the show's undisputed center, and it would not be possible to carry on without him. The same goes for Naomie Harris' portrayal of physicist and mother Justin Falls and Bill Nighy's Bowie impersonation of Thomas Newton, the irritable, unpredictable Anthean Adept.
Without Rob Delaney's Hatch Flood (now, along with Justin, one of the two "most important individuals on the globe" as joint custodians of Newton and Faraday's quantum-fusion technology), it wouldn't be nearly as entertaining.
Josiah, played by Clarke Peters, may pass away before season two even starts because he is already past the point of no return.
However, Agent Finch (Kate Mulgrew), Edie Flood (Sonya Cassidy), and her son Clive (Laurie Kynaston) may yet go back and cause trouble.
Spencer Clay (Jimmi Simpson), who is completely insane, is sadly no longer with us; hence, unless there is a flashback or dream scene, he has passed away.
However, may we make a plea for officer K Faraday from Martha Plimpton to make a comeback? We liked her.
The plot of The Man Who Fell to Earth season 2
As Chiwetel Ejiofor stated to Deadline, "There was a completeness to [season one]. You know, it wasn't the sort of structure where you had all of these questions at the end."
But it isn't always the case, as the Alex Kurtzmann comment from the article above reveals. Many questions remain. Even though the plot has a nice ending, many other outcomes remain. Assume Faraday brings the last of the Antheans to Earth, creating a mass of refugees that must integrate into modern society. That looks like a wealth of material to delve into.
And how are the wealthy and powerful adjusting to the new global order, where they no longer hold the same prominence as before?
How would the world react if Faraday became a resurrected messiah?
We regret that a trailer won't be available until after that renewal. Enjoy the first season's trailer once more in the interim.
Will "The Man Who Fell to Earth," have a second season?
Over the weekend, the first season of The Man Who Fell to Earth, the television adaptation of the David Bowie movie of the same name, ended. Given that Showtime's network hasn't yet announced a second run, it might be the final season.
The Man Who Fell to Earth has how many episodes?
That concludes The Man Who Fell to Earth's first season, which consists of 10 episodes.
What happened to The Man Who Fell to Earth?
Faraday boards Newton's ship to leave Earth. Finally, he leaves Earth at the end of "The Man Who Fell to Earth" Season 1. Beautiful though the ending is, it doesn't seem to be the end of the show. We know that Faraday will likely bring the Antheans, at the very least his family, to Earth.
Where was the 2022 movie "The Man Who Fell to Earth" shot?
The episode was on Showtime on April 24, 2022. In England and Spain, The Man Who Fell to Earth was filmed. There were Tabernas in Almera used as filming sites. Spain's Tabernas Desert
Based on the novel Stranger in a Strange Land, is The Man Who Fell to Earth?
The Man Who Fell to Earth, the 1963 novel by Walter Tevis that is based on Heinlein's science fiction classic Stranger in a Strange Land (1961), tells a moral story about corruption and authority. Bowie plays an alien in the film who visits Earth in quest of a way to revive the water supply on his dying planet.
Read More – THE KING'S MAN 3: CAST, RELEASE DATE, AND MORE INFORMATION
The Man Who Fell To Earth season 2


text:
<?php  if ( ! defined('BASEPATH')) exit('No direct script access allowed');

// ------------------------------------------------------------------------

/**
 * VL Entry URL Accessory
 *
 * @package		ExpressionEngine
 * @subpackage	Addons
 * @category	Accessory
 * @author		Trevor Davis
 * @link		http://viget.com
 */

class Vl_entry_url_acc {

	public $name			= 'VL Entry URL';
	public $id				= 'vl_entry_url';
	public $version			= '1.3';
	public $description		= 'Display the current entry url on the publish form.';
	public $sections		= array();

	private $EE;

	/**
	 * Constructor
	 */
	public function __construct()
	{
		$this->EE =& get_instance();
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Set Sections
	 */
	public function set_sections()
	{
		$theme_folder_url = defined('URL_THIRD_THEMES') ? URL_THIRD_THEMES : $this->EE->config->slash_item('theme_folder_url').'third_party/';

		//Are we on the entry form?
		if ($this->EE->input->get('C') === 'content_publish' && $this->EE->input->get('M') === 'entry_form') {
			$channel_id = $this->EE->input->get('channel_id');
			$site_url = $this->EE->config->item('site_url');

			if ($channel_id) {
				//Get the extension settings
				$query = $this->EE->db->select('settings')
								->from('extensions')
								->where('class', 'Vl_entry_url_ext')
								->get();

				if ($query->num_rows() > 0) {
					$result = $query->row();
					$settings = unserialize($result->settings);

					if(array_key_exists($channel_id, $settings)) {
						$channel_pattern = $settings[$channel_id]['url'];

						//If we have a pattern defined for this channel, append the JS and CSS
						if ($channel_pattern) {
							$this->EE->cp->add_to_head($this->_js($channel_pattern, $site_url));
							$this->EE->cp->add_to_head('<script src="'. $theme_folder_url . $this->id . '/scripts/' . $this->id .'.js"></script>');
							$this->EE->cp->add_to_head($this->_css());

							// Get the Structure tree
							if (class_exists('Structure')) {
								$sql = new Sql_structure();
								$pages = $sql->get_site_pages();
								$uris = json_encode($pages['uris']);

								$this->EE->cp->add_to_head('<script>' . $this->id . '.structureTree = '. $uris . ';</script>');
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		//Remove the tab
		$this->sections[] = '<script type="text/javascript">$("#accessoryTabs a.' . $this->id . '").parent().remove();</script>';
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Create a JS object to access in the addon JS
	 */
	private function _js($channel_pattern = '', $site_url = '')
	{
		return '<script>
					var ' . $this->id . ' = {
						pattern: "' . $channel_pattern . '",
						base: "' . $site_url . '"
					};
				</script>';
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------

	/**
	 * Style the input
	 */
	private function _css()
	{
		return '<style type="text/css">
					#entry-url {
						background: none;
						border: none;
						color: #27343c;
						float: right;
						font-size: 15px;
						line-height: 19px;
						margin-right: 50px;
						padding: 7px 0;
						position: relative;
						text-align: right;
						text-shadow: 0 1px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3);
						width: 65%;
						z-index: 2;
					}
				</style>';
	}

	// ----------------------------------------------------------------

}

/* End of file acc.vl_entry_url.php */
/* Location: /system/expressionengine/third_party/vl_entry_url/acc.vl_entry_url.php */