text:
Image Credit: MTV
'Finding Carter' react: Crash and burn
by Kayleigh Roberts, Community Featured Contributor	 @kayleighroberts
Aug 6, 2014 | 2:35AM
Season 1 | Episode 6 | "The Fugitive" | Aired Aug 5, 2014
'Finding Carter' react: Taylor the Make-Out Queen and other character anomalies
'Finding Carter' react: All I care about is Max and Taylor
'Finding Carter' react: Characters and psychological complexes
In its six short episodes, Finding Carter has seen its share of misguided romances, ranging from mismatched (Max and Carter … like, really?) to unrequited (Gabe and Carter) to potentially life-ruining (Elizabeth and Kyle and their torrid affair). But this week, three romance head-scratchers took center stage: Taylor and Gabe (BUT … MAX!), Elizabeth and Kyle (who really need to pull off the Band-Aid already), and Carter and Crash (who seem destined to explode and leave destruction in their wake). Each of these couples enjoyed date nights and surprise endings.
Elizabeth and Kyle
We knew that Elizabeth and Kyle's affair was leave-your-husband serious, but it turns out that they also have an anniversary. This poor woman is carrying on two romantic relationships, and I can't think of anything more stressful. It doesn't absolve her, of course, but at least we can take solace in witnessing her punishment for her wrongdoings.
When Kyle asks about their plans for the night and Elizabeth is caught off guard, he's all, "I KNEW you would forget!" Then she's all, "No, baby! I remember now. It's our anniversary."
And then we find out that all Kyle wanted for their special day is to wake up beside Elizabeth. It would be so much sweeter if she would just leave her husband and make an honest man out of him.
Elizabeth crafts an elaborate lie involving her mother, a spa, a silent auction and a broken hip to explain to David why she won't be home on a random Monday night. David is 110 percent not buying it. He's more sure about the affair than ever. This is going to end so badly for everyone.
Taylor and Gabe
When the season started, Taylor was the best friend hopelessly in love with Gabe, who I guess is hot if you're 16 and into lush, floppy hair. Now she's discovered the wondrous glory of Max and his flowing, golden locks. The only snag? As couply as they've been, Max and Taylor aren't official. In this way, Finding Carter has touched on one of the truest pains of dating, especially in the awkward, nervous teen years before everyone adopts an "I'm too old for these games" mentality about the whole thing: Just because you look like you're dating and act like you're dating, that doesn't mean you're really dating.
So when Gabe, who has finally (and at the worst possible time) started to see Taylor as more than a surrogate sister figure, asks her out, we're totally making this face right along with her.
But she's not really taken, so she gives in to his request for one chance to prove they could be good together.
Before you have a conniption, she clearly doesn't want to go out with Gabe. Her heart belongs to Max now, just as ours belongs to Maylor and all of their glory. But when she goes to Max to give him the chance to ask her not to go out with Gabe (or anyone else ever again, because teen marriage is always a terrible idea, except for this instance of perfection), he tries to be noble and tells her to go for it with Gabe, whom he thinks is the better catch.
And everyone's souls are crushed. And just when you think you have no soul left to crush, this happens:
Thank god the date doesn't go well and Taylor still only sees Gabe as a friend. But COME ON, MAX, GET IT TOGETHER AND ASK HER TO BE YOUR GIRLFRIEND ALREADY.
Crash and Carter
As shocking and devastating and dismal as the moments in the Kyle/Elizabeth/David and Max/Taylor/Gabe triangles are, nothing in the episode compares to the moment when everything gets really, really real with Carter and Crash.
No, I'm not talking about this moment, even though it totally happens:
When Crash explains why he's a junior felon, your heart might break a little. The short version: After his family fell apart, his little brother tagged along with him and his friends to the abandoned garage they liked to hang out in to drink and smoke. Little brother complained about having to play in a dirty, weird place, so Crash left him in the truck. As kids do, Crash's little brother got bored and played with the ignition. Thanks to a defect with the car, the truck caught fire and Crash's brother died a horrific, fiery death.
You have to admit, Finding Carter really committed to the character. I now officially believe Crash is as messed up as he is. They got real (too real?) with the cause of his damage, and made me open up to the idea of him and Carter as a couple. I'm still not sold and I still think they will burn hot and flame out fast, but I give MTV credit for going big with the backstory.
Carter has to win Crash back, after insisting she didn't like him like that for weeks. Then Crash wins Carter over for good with the story of why he's broken, and it's all in time for her to learn that he's set to go to prison for a minimum of three years the next day. Elizabeth, who's becoming more sympathetic every week, helps Crash get a plea bargain, but makes it clear that he's entirely out of chances (and that he needs to be better for Carter).
SO. MANY. FEELS. Am I angry at Elizabeth for not being honest with David? Yeah, kind of, but I'm glad we're finally seeing her have a soul and connect with her daughter. Do I totally buy into the Carter/Crash ship? Not really, but I'm warming to it. Am I stalled, even a little bit, in my love for the Maylor coupling? NO, OF COURSE NOT.
What do you think of the romances on Finding Carter? Are you Maylor-obsessed, like me? What do you think of Crash and Carter? Sound off in the comments!
Finding Carter airs Tuesdays at 10/9C on MTV.


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Time Pieces History Project Item 26: Penshaw Monument
First time on the blog or new to the Time Pieces History Project? Find out what it's all about here, and then come back to this page for today's item – Penshaw Monument.
Penshaw Monument – Introduction to Item 26
Perched on a hill overlooking the Washington Highway, Penshaw Monument (or to give it its proper title, The Earl of Durham's Monument) has loomed at me since I was a small child driving past it on the way to or from visiting my Nana, always seeming completely out of reach.
And yet, I'm ashamed to say, I only visited it for the first time a few years ago, when my husband decided it was finally time I went. Following the winding, widely-spaced steps to the top, the view is undeniably breath-taking, with the City of Durham to the south and the villages spread below you. On clear days, apparently, you can see right across to the Cheviots, 50 miles away. Last time we went we took the dog, and she thoroughly enjoyed dragging us up the hillside.
The History of Penshaw Monument
The Monument stands on Penshaw Hill, and the word is derived from 'pen', the Celtic word for hill, and 'shaw', from the Anglo-Saxon sceaga – 'wooded area.' And Hill is just the Old English for 'hill', making it rather disappointingly, 'wooded-hill hill.'
It was designed by John and Benjamin Green to look like an Athenian Temple, the Theseum, and built by Thomas Pratt in 1844. Built from local sandstone and featuring 18 Doric columns, Penshaw Monument is 22 metres (66 feet) high, 16 metres (52 feet) wide and 30 metres (98 feet) long.
It was built in memory of 'Radical Jack', or John Lambton, the first Earl of Durham and Governor General of Canada, who died in 1840. Heavily involved in the 1832 Reform Act to give the vote to a wider population, closer to home he also established a support group for retired pitmen, The Lambton Collieries Association.
It would be remiss of me not to mention the legend of the Lambton Worm (pronounced like 'warm' is said, not written!) Most children brought up in Tyne and Wear will be able to sing some of the song, which describes in detail the fearsome beast and the brave young man who battled and defeated it.
The story goes that John Lambton (not Radical Jack), heir to the estate, decides to skip Sunday church in favour of fishing, choosing not to heed the warnings of an old man he meets on the way. John catches an eel-like creature, which the old man (making an unexpected reappearance) is the devil. John ignores this too, throws the fish/worm into a well and heads off to the crusades.
During his absence, the worm creature gets bigger and, after poisoning the well water, makes a break for freedom. It then embarks on a campaign of terror and slaughter, eating sheep and small children. When full, the monster wraps its tail seven times round 'Pensher Hill' – where Penshaw Monument stands today.
John comes home to find his father's lands devastated and the old man obliged to pacify the worm with daily deliveries of cow milk. Attempts to kill the worm have been unsuccessful, so it's up to the heir to get rid of him and restore the area to what it was.
Dressed in spiked armour, John prepares to defeat the monster. A witch has told him that when he has defeated the worm, he must kill the first living thing he sees. If he doesn't, the next nine generations of Lambtons will be cursed and not die peacefully in bed.
He lures the worm down to the river, where its attempts to crush him in its coils fail – the spikes on John's armour slice it to pieces, and the bits fall into the river and wash away, meaning the worm can't re-form itself. John blows his horn as a signal to his father to release a dog, who will be the first thing he sees and so sacrificed for the Lambtons. Dad forgets this, though, and runs to his son first. Unable to kill his father, John still kills the dog, but curses his descendants.
Why was Penshaw Terrorised by a Worm?
It seems hard to believe that even in the 13th century people would have been afraid of a worm. If we see 'worm' used to mean serpent or even dragon (the Old English word for dragon is worm), it starts to make sense. St George, patron saint of England (who was actually from what is now Turkey), famously fought and defeated a dragon, and we see that throughout history and across the world there are stories of scaly beasts terrorising villages.
These monsters were quite often slayed by good, brave Christians, and in the Bible they represent evil and something to be defeated – as John was able to do after defending his religion during the Crusades. Dragons were responsible for all kinds of disasters and unexplained natural phenomena, as well as mass murder.
Dragon stories, though, go further back than even the Crusades. 'Drakons' (meaning 'sea serpent' or 'large serpent') were frightening ancient civilisations too. Egyptian sun god Ra had a serpent nemesis known as Apep, 48 feet in length and the bringer of destruction and chaos.
The Mesopotamian region had 'mushussu', who was almost like a familiar for their gods, and lived in a palace. Daniel (of lions' den fame) was challenged to pit his god (Yahweh) against this living representative of the Babylonian gods. Daniel cheated and poisoned the mushussu, thereby introducing early Christianity to the area.
Interestingly, in the East, dragons are not enemies but knowledgeable and even friendly creatures. They would in fact ward off evil beings, protecting the humans around them. Their blood was believed to have magical powers, including the ability to see the future. Eastern dragons were able to shape-shift and even take human form.
Magnificent as the views are, and as lovely as Penshaw Monument is, it doesn't really serve a purpose, and never really has. Although it was once the venue for a very small music festival about 15 years ago.
Attractive but useless structures are not uncommon, and their sole purpose is to look pretty. According to the Folly Fellowship (yes, that's a thing), a 'folly' is a building that's attractive but not habitable. It should, however, look like it could be lived in – with a roof and the remains of doors and windows. If it doesn't, it's not strictly a folly.
The website then goes on to define different types of folly we might come across. It would seem that Penshaw Monument is a 'Belvedere Folly': "A building designed to be climbed to take in the view, sometimes in the form of a temple." Admittedly you can't climb the Monument itself, but a Belvedere is often on top of a steep hill, which Penshaw is.
There are all kinds of other follies, which feels like it could be a good side project to start. These include 'tortoiseries', which are either built in the shape of a tortoise or to house a family of them. There are also decorative cottages known as 'ornes'. Oddly-shaped, with conical thatches, they were often built to look like rustic cottages, and could be decorated by the ladies of the estate as playthings.
National Trust: Penshaw Monument
Myths: The Lampton Worm
Mythology: Dragons
The Folly Fellowship: Follies
Posted in History, History blog, Time Pieces History Project and tagged #TPHP, copywriter, follies, historian, history, History of the North East, history project, National Trust, North East England, North East England History, Penshaw Monument, Time Pieces History Project, writer

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


It was in the middle of November, and i was in Year 12.School had just finished for the day. And everyone was hurrying over to where the school buses would be in the parking lot. The buses hadn't arrived yet, so i waited beneath a wilting tree with a few friends, just talking.
Eventually my bus arrived. I said goodbye to my friends and got on. Then took a seat near the center of the bus and waited for it to move off.
The bus usually didn't have many passengers, so there was always plenty of seats on the bus. Which made what happened next, quite odd.
I was looking out the window, sort of staring at the clouds, when i felt a presence near me. I turned to see who it was and saw it was girl from my school,standing near my seat."Can i sit down?" I was surprised, but moved my bag so she could sit down. As i moved my bag, i twisted my head around to see if there other seats available and saw half the bus was empty!
I was fairly shy back then, so i did nothing and said nothing. Although part of me wanted to ask "why sit next to me?
The bus finally took off, and brought me home. Dropping her off first, then me. And as soon as i got home, i sorta stopped thinking about her.
However the next day, same thing happened again. The bus was practically empty and she came over to sit next to me. I moved my bag immediately, and let her sit down before she could ask and wondered again why?
Each day it happened, she would come over and sit beside me. Until i stopped bothering to put my bag down on the seat next to me and started assuming she would sit next to me.
It was only after a few weeks had passed, and the school holiday's were approaching that i made my move. I started to talking to her, and realized that she liked me. So i asked her for her phone number, and wrote it down on a piece of paper.
But i never called her. To this day, i don't really know why I didn't?
- Appreciate what you have, when you have it.


text:
Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals
Matthew W. Squire, John L. Ricci, Rena Bizios
Biomaterials and Biomimetics
Molecular Pathobiology
Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel and polystyrene (reference substrate) in the presence of ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate for 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that osteoblasts cultured on these orthopaedic/dental implant metals synthesized and deposited an extracellular matrix containing collagenous and non-collagenous components, as well as mineral nodules of various morphologies. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the mineral deposits consisted of three distinct chemical compositions: calcium phosphate, calcium-sulphur-phosphorus, and calcium only. Backscattered electron imaging demonstrated that both the calcium phosphate and calcium-only deposits were electron dense, while the calcium-sulphur-phosphorus deposits were electron translucent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the bulk of the osteoblast mineral deposits was amorphous hydroxyapatite; in addition, electron diffraction analysis revealed small regions of crystalline hydroxyapatite.
Calcium phosphates
Mineralization
Osteoblasts
Dive into the research topics of 'Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.
Osteoblasts Engineering & Materials Science 100%
Mineral resources Engineering & Materials Science 98%
Dental Implant Chemical Compounds 91%
Dental prostheses Engineering & Materials Science 86%
Orthopedics Engineering & Materials Science 80%
Dental Implants Medicine & Life Sciences 74%
Calcium Engineering & Materials Science 71%
Minerals Medicine & Life Sciences 64%
Squire, M. W., Ricci, J. L., & Bizios, R. (1996). Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals. Biomaterials, 17(7), 725-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(96)86743-3
Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals. / Squire, Matthew W.; Ricci, John L.; Bizios, Rena.
In: Biomaterials, Vol. 17, No. 7, 1996, p. 725-733.
Squire, MW, Ricci, JL & Bizios, R 1996, 'Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals', Biomaterials, vol. 17, no. 7, pp. 725-733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(96)86743-3
Squire MW, Ricci JL, Bizios R. Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals. Biomaterials. 1996;17(7):725-733. doi: 10.1016/0142-9612(96)86743-3
Squire, Matthew W. ; Ricci, John L. ; Bizios, Rena. / Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals. In: Biomaterials. 1996 ; Vol. 17, No. 7. pp. 725-733.
@article{c85f388159ad4f73b20f4018fdbf474f,
title = "Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals",
abstract = "Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel and polystyrene (reference substrate) in the presence of ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate for 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that osteoblasts cultured on these orthopaedic/dental implant metals synthesized and deposited an extracellular matrix containing collagenous and non-collagenous components, as well as mineral nodules of various morphologies. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the mineral deposits consisted of three distinct chemical compositions: calcium phosphate, calcium-sulphur-phosphorus, and calcium only. Backscattered electron imaging demonstrated that both the calcium phosphate and calcium-only deposits were electron dense, while the calcium-sulphur-phosphorus deposits were electron translucent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the bulk of the osteoblast mineral deposits was amorphous hydroxyapatite; in addition, electron diffraction analysis revealed small regions of crystalline hydroxyapatite.",
keywords = "Calcium phosphates, Mineralization, Osteoblasts",
author = "Squire, {Matthew W.} and Ricci, {John L.} and Rena Bizios",
journal = "Biomaterials",
T1 - Analysis of osteoblast mineral deposits on orthopaedic/dental implant metals
AU - Squire, Matthew W.
AU - Ricci, John L.
AU - Bizios, Rena
N2 - Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel and polystyrene (reference substrate) in the presence of ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate for 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that osteoblasts cultured on these orthopaedic/dental implant metals synthesized and deposited an extracellular matrix containing collagenous and non-collagenous components, as well as mineral nodules of various morphologies. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the mineral deposits consisted of three distinct chemical compositions: calcium phosphate, calcium-sulphur-phosphorus, and calcium only. Backscattered electron imaging demonstrated that both the calcium phosphate and calcium-only deposits were electron dense, while the calcium-sulphur-phosphorus deposits were electron translucent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the bulk of the osteoblast mineral deposits was amorphous hydroxyapatite; in addition, electron diffraction analysis revealed small regions of crystalline hydroxyapatite.
AB - Neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts were cultured on Ti-6Al-4V, Co-Cr-Mo alloy, 316L stainless steel and polystyrene (reference substrate) in the presence of ascorbic acid and 10 mM β-glycerophosphate for 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24 and 28 d. Scanning electron microscopy examination revealed that osteoblasts cultured on these orthopaedic/dental implant metals synthesized and deposited an extracellular matrix containing collagenous and non-collagenous components, as well as mineral nodules of various morphologies. Energy dispersive spectrometry revealed that the mineral deposits consisted of three distinct chemical compositions: calcium phosphate, calcium-sulphur-phosphorus, and calcium only. Backscattered electron imaging demonstrated that both the calcium phosphate and calcium-only deposits were electron dense, while the calcium-sulphur-phosphorus deposits were electron translucent. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the bulk of the osteoblast mineral deposits was amorphous hydroxyapatite; in addition, electron diffraction analysis revealed small regions of crystalline hydroxyapatite.
KW - Calcium phosphates
KW - Mineralization
KW - Osteoblasts
JO - Biomaterials
JF - Biomaterials


text:
New tips to protect your holiday packages
by: Logan Wilson
Posted: Nov 19, 2018 / 10:18 PM EST / Updated: Nov 19, 2018 / 10:18 PM EST
According to new reports, 91 percent of people who plan to shop this weekend say they'll do it online.
Police departments in Dauphin and Lebanon counties are already receiving reports of stolen packages.
"If you get home and see that package is not there, and you know it said it's delivered, and a neighbor doesn't have it, then perhaps you might have a problem," state police Corporal Adam Reed said.
Police recommend sending your package to work, a neighbor's house, or picking it up in the store.
"If you're expecting a package, especially something of high value, have it delivered to a neighbor's house or have a neighbor come grab it off of your porch for you. You can simply pick it up once you get home from work," Reed said.
Amazon allows shoppers to ship items to lockers located at a handful of locations across the state.
"Picking a time, if you can help it, to have something delivered would be great but also considering those lockers would be another next step," said Kelsey Coleman with the Better Business Bureau.
The United States Postal Service also has a program called Informed Delivery. The program sends you a picture of your package on the day it is scheduled to arrive. However, some scammers are signing up for you and intercepting packages.
Consumer protection experts recommend everyone sign up for the service to avoid theft.
Click here for more holiday shopping tips from the Better Business Bureau.
More Investigations Stories
by Kendra Nichols / Jan 16, 2020
NEWBURG, Pa. (WHTM) - Melissa Negley is the newly elected mayor of Newburg. For the past several years, she has been in a court battle to save part of the home where she lives with her husband and five kids.
A Cumberland County judge ordered her to tear down part of her house and threatened her with jail if she refused.
by Dennis Owens / Jan 10, 2020
HARRISBURG, Pa. (WHTM) -- There will be a special election Tuesday in the 48th senatorial district, a seat left vacant by Mike Folmer when he resigned after being charged with possession of child pornography.
Voters will select between Democrat Michael Schroeder and Republican Dave Arnold.
by Kendra Nichols / Jan 9, 2020
HARRISBURG, Pa. (WHTM) -- For more than 100 years, the Pennsylvania Farm Show has been a proving ground for livestock. According to the Pennsylvania Department of Agriculture, there are 11 departments of animal competitions, a total of 8,510 classes or individual competitions.
"It's very competitive," said Terry Flasher, of Three Springs.
Pennsylvania / 5 mins ago


text:
require 'rails_helper'

feature "Student Self Report", js: true do
  # As a student
  # I want to see a calendar that allows me to self-report several metrics.
  #
  #   - self-report form should be available for each day in the past between course start date and end date
  #   - should see 'today' and other events marked on the calendar
  #   - should be able to submit a self-report form for a valid reporting day

  background do
    Timecop.travel(Time.new(2013, 03, 15))
    course = Fabricate(:course,
          title: "Cohort 4",
          start_date: "2013/03/11",
          end_date: "2013/06/20")
    Fabricate(:event, date: "2013/03/25", summary: "Federal Holiday", course: course)
    Fabricate(:event, date: "2013/03/19", summary: "No Class", course: course)
    joe = signin_as :student, name: "joe", courses: [course]
    Fabricate(:self_report,
              date: "2013/03/12",
              attended: false,
              hours_coding: 5, hours_slept: 9, hours_learning: 0, user: joe)
    Fabricate(:self_report,
              date: "2013/03/13",
              attended: true,
              hours_coding: 2, hours_slept: 7.5, hours_learning: 4, user: joe)
    click_link "Course Calendar"
  end

  after do
    Timecop.return
  end

  scenario "Student sees 'today' in calendar under today's date." do
    within("td[data-date='3/15']"){ page.should have_content "Today" }
  end

  scenario "Student sees a self-report form for days that need missing reports" do
    within("td[data-date='3/14']"){ page.should have_content "Enter Self Report!" }
    within("td[data-date='3/11']"){ page.should have_content "Enter Self Report!" }
    within("td[data-date='3/15']"){ page.should have_content "Enter Self Report!" }
    within("td[data-date='3/12']"){ page.should have_content "edit" }
    within("td[data-date='3/13']"){ page.should have_content "edit" }
  end

  scenario "Student still sees self-report form is another user has filled out their own report" do
    student = Fabricate(:student)
    Fabricate(:self_report, date: "2013/03/11", user: student)
    click_link "Course Calendar"
    within("td[data-date='3/11']"){ page.should have_content "Self-Report:" }
  end

  scenario "Student does not see self-report form for days before the class" do
    within("td[data-date='3/01']"){ page.should_not have_content "Self-Report:" }
    within("td[data-date='3/10']"){ page.should_not have_content "Self-Report:" }
    within("td[data-date='3/09']"){ page.should_not have_content "Self-Report:" }
  end

  scenario "Student sees self-report summary for days that have reports" do
    within("td[data-date='3/13']") do
      page.should have_content "Class: Attended"
      page.should have_content "Coding: 2 hours"
      page.should have_content "Sleep: 7.5 hours"
      page.should have_content "Learning: 4 hours"
    end
    within("td[data-date='3/12']") do
      page.should have_content "Class: Missed"
      page.should have_content "Coding: 5 hours"
      page.should have_content "Sleep: 9 hours"
      page.should have_content "Learning: 0 hours"
    end
  end

  scenario "Student enters self-report form" do
    within("td[data-date='3/14']") do
      click_link "Enter Self Report!"
    end
    choose "Yes"
    page.select("1", from: "Hours coding")
    page.select("2", from: "Hours learning")
    page.select("3", from: "Hours slept")
    click_button "Submit"
    within("td[data-date='3/14']") do
      page.should have_content "Class: Attended"
      page.should have_content "Coding: 1 hours"
      page.should have_content "Learning: 2 hours"
      page.should have_content "Sleep: 3 hours"
    end
  end

  scenario "Student updates a self report" do
    within("td[data-date='3/13']") do
      page.should have_content "Class: Attended"
      page.should have_content "Sleep: 7.5 hours"
      click_link "edit"
    end
    # 3/13 is the 72nd day of the year
    within("form#day72") do
      page.select("3", from: "Hours coding")
      page.select("6", from: "Hours slept")
      click_button "Submit"
    end
    within("td[data-date='3/13']") do
      page.should have_content "Class: Attended"
      page.should have_content "Coding: 3 hours"
      page.should have_content "Sleep: 6 hours"
      page.should have_content "Learning: 4 hours"
    end
  end

  scenario "Student enters empty form" do
    within("td[data-date='3/14']") do
      click_link "Enter Self Report!"
    end
    # 3/14 is the 73rd day of the year
    within("form#day73") do
      click_button "Submit"
    end
    within("form#day73") do
      page.should have_content "must be selected"
      page.should have_content "Total hours must be greater than 0"
    end
  end

  scenario "Student enters form with more than 24 hours" do
    within("td[data-date='3/14']") do
      click_link "Enter Self Report!"
    end
    # 3/14 is the 73rd day of the year
    within("form#day73") do
      choose "Yes"
      page.select("9", from: "Hours coding")
      page.select("9", from: "Hours learning")
      page.select("9", from: "Hours slept")
      click_button "Submit"
    end
    within("form#day73") do
      page.should have_content "Total hours cannot be greater than 24"
    end
  end
end

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


First off, as I am writing this on September 11, I want to take a moment to remember those who had their lives cut short eleven years ago on this day when America was attacked. I certainly will never forget that day. It is a great reminder to always hug the ones you love and let them know that you love them! And thank you also to all of those who have served and are serving in our armed forces. We appreciate you!
Now on to my stamping project. This was another project that I made last week with Emily. (We were so efficient - I'm not sure what came over us!) This is a Card Portfolio with coordinating cards. This is another great project from Craft Project Central. I'm telling you, this is a great place to get ideas and the monthly fee is very low. If you go over there and join, tell them Jayne sent you!
This is a great gift for someone special. This is my portfolio closed. I used the Comfort Cafe Designer Series Paper for mine.
Here it is with the top left flap opened. It is held shut with a couple of magnets.
And here is the inside fully opened. The cards are in the left pocket, various sayings that can be put on the cards are in the center "drawer", and envelopes are in the far right pocket. Besides being cute, it's quite practical too!
The designer of this portfolio made the drawer for the card sentiments to be kept in so that the recipient of this gift could add the sentiment of their choice when giving a card. What a terrific idea!
I still have ideas for more cards to go in this set. It's amazing how much fun it is to make cards using only one set of Designer Series Paper and the coordinating cardstock. In a way, it's quite "freeing" because choosing the colors is already done for you that way.
And remember - It's Back to Spool Time!
Holiday Ornaments - Not one, not two, but four!!


It's time to cook up a little fun! The Uptown Natural Kitchen is just $84.99 on Amazon Prime Day deals! It has a modern look that young chefs are sure to love. This wooden kitchen is full of fun details like a cordless phone and a chalkboard for writing the daily specials.


text:
986 738 100|info@campingsiglo21.com
Prices and opening dates
With private full bath
on every plot!
Routes and Markets
Nearby towns Luis Martín 2017-03-20T14:15:41+00:00
Nearby towns from Camping Siglo XXI
Capital of the province, with approximated census of 75.000 habitants and whose most interesting zone is its old zone, full of interesting things such as the Ruinas de Santo Domingo, Plaza de Diputación, Basílica de Santa María, etc…
This marine village is catalogued as an historic-artistic united, and it's commendable a walk through its three quarters: the seigniorial of Feliñano, with a square; the centre of Cambados and the marine of Santo Tomé. Cambados has the best Galicia wine cellar of Albariño.
O'grove
Our camping is situated near this population, that is formed for a small peninsula that separates geographically the Ria de Arosa and the Ria of Pontevedra. The beauty of its coast and the La Toja Island have converted it in one of the touristic center more important of Galicia. Shellfish Party, considered of National touristy interest, meets a lot of people from all places of Spain, Europe and other continents.
Very popular village because of the beauty of its landscape, its micro-clime and its beautiful beaches that there are a long of its coast. Very near to our Camping, it's situated in Valle del Salnes, that it is converted in Summer in the touristy centre of the Rías Baixas.
Villagarcía de Arosa
Ría de Arosa capital and Santiago de Compostela's natural harbour; it has a population of 35.000 habitants, which converts it in the eighth city of Galicia. For its geographic characteristic, it is an attraction focus for a lot of people, that chose this town to fix their residence, now first now second, or for holiday.
It has a coast of 20 Km; it's formed for great beauty beaches. It's the birthplace of the Spanish writer Valle-Inclán, who was born in the Costa del Cuadrante, situated in the old zone of the village. A long of Ruta del Vino, with origin denomination Rías Baixas, we will meet in our walk, many wine cellars the which offer us the best of their harvests.
It's situated in the centre of A Coruña province, to 260 meters up sea level and it is also the seat of Xacobeo 2004. A lot of important reliefs round the urban space: Vite Monts, Almáciga, Gozo, Viso, Melladoiro and Pedroso.
It has 10.000 habitants approximately, and besides it is the Galicia official capital.
It is the fast important town that we meet if we go inside the bordering country, Portugal. It has fantastic places, among the which Santa Lucía temple details. It is situated in a high place, to which we recommend accessing through a special train.
It is the 2nd largest and most important city in Portugal. It has been much modernized due to the Euro 2004, but maintaining its classic touch. It has a population of approximately 1,200,000 inhabitants; Have recently built a subway with which you can see the whole city quickly. We recommend visits to the Porto wine cellars as well as a number of places that can be downloaded from the Routes.
Portuguese population located on the border with Spain, which stands out for the number of shops it has and especially for its fortress building.
Another important Portuguese city and also near the border with Spain, whose important places are especially the Sanctuary of Bom Jesus, the cathedral and Plaza de la República.
36.988 – O'Grove
Pontevedra (España)
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They helped bring the show nine Emmys and 22 nominations last season.
"Saturday Night Live" head writers Chris Kelly and Sarah Schneider are leaving "SNL" after helping to create the show's most-watched season in over two decades.
Their departure may come as a shock, considering "SNL" is kind of on fire right now.
Last season brought in nine Emmys and 22 Emmy nominations — more noms than any other year in the show's history.
Schneider and Kelly have been with "SNL" since 2011. During that time, they helped propel the careers of the now-Emmy-winning Kate McKinnon and nominee Leslie Jones. So with that type of success, why leave?
The writers are working on a new show for Comedy Central, according to Deadline. The network ordered a pilot for the show in March, and Deadline reports its chances of getting picked up look promising.
In the past, Kelly also worked as a writer on the Comedy Central show "Broad City."
And the writers are sticking with the company. "SNL" creator and producer Lorne Michaels is listed as a producer for the new venture, which is reportedly about "two struggling siblings [who] are forced to re-evaluate their lives when their much-younger 12-year-old brother becomes famous instantly without trying."
"SNL" now has only two lead writers, Bryan Tucker and Kent Sublette. We'll see if they can continue the show's hot streak — no pressure.


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Sebei Sub-Region Of Uganda Trains Groups To Fight FGM Practice
By Olivier Mukaaya & Fred Wambede
Community grass-roots groups have been trained in Sebei Sub-region as part of efforts to end Female Genital Mutilation (FGM).
The groups, which are composed of 40 members each, were commissioned at the weekend in Kapchorwa Town.
They were identified and trained by Uganda Human Rights Commissions (UHRC) to support the ongoing efforts to achieve zero tolerance to FGM within not more than two years.
Ms Sarah Nakhumitsa, the UHRC regional human rights officer for the eastern region, said despite the huge progress made, more effort is still needed against the vice, especially in the rural communities.
"We have trained these community members to help us eliminate FGM because we are still getting reports of girls and women undergoing the practice, which has no health benefit," Ms Nakhumitsa said.
She said the groups were identified from different hotspot areas that have been practising FGM.
"The groups will carry out sensitisation messages to their own relatives about the dangers of FGM," she said.
In 2010, the government banned the practice, handing to whoever is convicted up to 10 years in jail, among other sentences. In 2019, police in Kween District arrested 19 people over allegations of aiding women and girls to undergo FGM.
Ms Carolyn Cheptoek, the community development officer of Kapchorwa District, said although FGM prevalence has declined due to sustained sensitisation, more campaigns against the practise should be carried out in rural communities.
"We currently don't have statistics on the prevalence since the practice is now being carried out in a clandestine manner, especially at night and during childbirth by traditional birth attendants," she said. Mr Peter Kamuron, one of the elders, who joined the fight against FGM, said the practice is primitive and cruel.
FGM, which involves partial or total removal of the female genitalia, is recognised internationally as a violation of the rights of women and girls.
Source: The Monitor
Posted by Grace Shaibu on February 26, 2020.
Under News
Tags: FGM, Genital Mutilation, Uganda, Women and Girls


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May 15, 2021 May 18, 2021 normanbradio
The Encore Edition – Life Elsewhere Music Vol 233
This volume of Life Elsewhere Music was prompted by an email from a listener named Candice who wrote, "Mr. B. thank you for Life Elsewhere Music, I love that you play a wide variety of new music. I think it would be interesting if you did an encore show of some of your favorite standout songs from the past few months. I know you say complimentary things about all the music you curate, but how about giving us an encore show of Mr. B's picks, songs you think deserve wider attention?" A splendid suggestion from Candice. Of course, she is correct, I only play music I consider for inclusion in the show and yes, I'm a fan. So, in turn, that makes selecting standouts really difficult. For this volume, all the music included should be getting wider attention, in my opinion. It's the Encore Edition. We begin with Porridge Radio, their visual appeal is up there with the band's musical abilities. When I first played Sweet from their LP, Every Bad I added to my commentary, "I tracked down a super cool video". Alice Kat and Liam James Marsh intrigued me so much, I invited them onto the show to talk about their music as fine. I was delighted to discover they exude an honesty that is not only refreshing but also perfectly natural. The duo creates seemingly uncomplicated, yet sophisticated, powerful music. Indulge in I Sleep So Much Better Now. If you don't have Phil Parfitt's sublime Mental Home Recordings in your collection by now, then I can only hope you take careful notice of Are We Really Still The Same selected for this Encore edition. Mr. Parfitt bravely exposes himself with oh, so wonderful songwriting. Very few musicians can go where Phil goes without sounding so sorry for themselves. Even if Denise Sherwood did not have the pedigree of being the daughter of legendary mixmaster and producer, Adrian Sherwood, I have no doubt we would still have heard from her. She takes the reggae and dub atmosphere she grew up surrounded by to reveal polished songwriting and performing talent as displayed with Uncertain Times from her debut LP, This Road. I have to admit the sleeve for Strange Ritual by German band, Lambs & Wolves caught my attention first. Then, on listening, I loved the way they put the song together and discovered the song was recorded in summer 2020 by Julian Tröndle (vocals, piano), Louis Groß (acoustic guitar, electric guitar, drums, percussion) & Stefan Bercher (acoustic guitar, backing vocals) with Benedikt Weiger (double bass). The work of Dublin-based experimental singer-songwriter Miriam Ingram was first suggested to me by another Irish musician who is related to a mutual friend, but that's a long story – Miriam's A Tiny White Dot evokes a poignant observation on the end of the world as she watches the tiny white dot slowly vanish on her TV screen. Oh, and her voice and production had me putting this one on repeat play. Ms. Ingram sent me a message saying she was enamored with Eel Drip from Penelope Trappes. Perfect, so am I. The video Penelope put together for Eel Drip is a must-see. The London-based artist has Penelope Three out on May 28th. We have already played the cut on LEM 225 and advised you to check it out. Next up, Mourn! I'm tempted to write many paragraphs raving on about this extraordinary outfit from Barcelona, Spain. They first came to my attention a couple of years back when they were exceptionally young, they still are and This Feeling Is Disgusting is quite simply essential listening. Wouldn't it be glorious to see them live? More music from Dublin, where there must be something in the water, 'cause the non-stop releases of essential music is brilliant. Pillow Queens with A Dog's Life doesn't mess around, the queer four-piece tells about the housing crisis in Ireland with energy and rawness that grabs you in. Yes, you need their album, In Waiting. Léanie Kaleido describes herself as a "pint-sized purveyor of piano pop and lyrical loveliness". No reason to argue with that. As it happens All The Things I'm Made Of is a nice slice of piano pop. I've been following the work of Nuha Ruby Ra for a while now. With each release, the East Londoner tells us to know to keep a careful watch on her, Erase Me is no exception. Chatting to Hannah and Olly of Pela you soon realize these two exceptional talents take their music seriously. Their careful attention to detail comes across in the superb productions, like In The Young. Pela should be in rotation on any station that purports to play new music. Selecting a best of single could be difficult (or unfair) until Crème Brûlée by King Hannah came along. It is, of course, an unlikely choice for a best single. It's long, it's sexy, it has a long wailing guitar solo. In fact, Crème Brûlée defies the rules and regulations for a terrific single. And that is why I love this cut so much. Encore!
Porridge Radio – Sweet
Fine. – I Sleep So Much Better Now
Dogs For Friends – Make It Your Own
Phil Parfitt – Are We Really Still The Same
Denise Sherwood – Uncertain Times
Lambs & Wolves – Strange Ritual
Miriam Ingram – A Tiny White Dot
Penelope Trappes – Eel Drip
Mourn – This Feeling Is Disgusting
Pillow Queens – A Dog's Life
Léanie Kaleido – All The Things I'm Made Of
Nuha Ruby Ra – Erase Me
Pela – In The Young
King Hannah – Crème Brûlée
Artwork by Mr. B "Miss P #32" 2009 4′ x 4′ giclée print on archival paper. Courtesy of Norman B's collection
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Next A Conversation With Cathal Coughlan On The State Of Our World Part One


Let's face it, when your mind drifts to the local village hall, thoughts of the Women's Institute, Weight Watchers and the faint whiff of lentil soup probably spring to mind, but over the past few years we've noticed that the humble village hall has been enjoying a major renaissance as a wedding venue and we're LOVING it! Don't get us wrong, we think it's great that village halls fulfil their primary purpose of serving the community, but everybody deserves to get dolled up once in a while and village halls are no exception!
With mighty rivers, heather clad hills and ancient sprawling forests, it should come as no surprise that pretty Perthshire consistently makes it into the top ten regions in Scotland for loved up couples to say "I do". From barns to bell tents and castles to crannogs, Perthshire has got it going on in terms of dreamy wedding venues and with all that variety, it's easy to see why the unassuming village hall can get overlooked amongst all the glitz and glamour of its competition.
Situated slap bang in the centre of Scotland at the eastern end of the "longest, loneliest and loveliest" glen in the country lies the incredibly beautiful Arts & Crafts village of Fortingall. With verdant open pastures and the River Lyon to one side of the road and thatched cottages, vibrant secret gardens, a thriving pub and a pretty church to the other, Fortingall is arguably one of the most picture-perfect villages in Scotland. It's not just 21st Century day-trippers who are obsessing over Fortingall either as the village has enamoured folk for centuries with its abundant charms; fragments of Pictish crosses survive in the village church yard, groups of Neolithic stone circles can be found in the surrounding fields and predating both of the above is the famous Fortingall Yew, a 5000 year old Yew Tree, which takes the title as the oldest living organism in Europe, so couples on the lookout for a spiritually significant hub in a glorious part of Scotland really need look no further.
At the west end of Fortingall, occupying a bright and open plot, sits the wonderful Molteno Hall. This elegant and unique Arts & Crafts building was gifted to the community by a local resident in tribute to his late wife, Bessie Molteno, who we're pretty sure wouldn't be disappointed with the results! Architecturally, the Molteno Hall is a true one of a kind; externally the crow step gable and pretty sash and casement windows combine to give maximum curb appeal and internally, the pitched roof is supported by the most spectacular oak scissor beams.
All this architectural pizzazz might make some couples question if the Molteno Hall falls short in the functionality department, but we can totally allay those fears by stating that it's the personification of practical perfection. With a large floor space capable of accommodating up to 130 guests for a sit-down ceremony/wedding breakfast and up to 150 guests for an evening reception, the hall is the perfect size for a medium to large wedding. Furthermore, the Molteno Hall boasts a great open plan bar area, a spacious stage, a brilliantly appointed commercial kitchen and a sprung Royal Versaille dancefloor, which basically means you can dance all night long without worrying about your shin splints flaring up!
With such a practical and beautiful space, style conscious and creative couples on the lookout for an eye-catching blank canvas to inject their personality into are in for a treat. The beauty of any village hall is that couples are free to have complete control without compromise over decoration, which is a total bonus, especially in a building as lovely as the Molteno Hall. When booking the hall, the price includes full access the day before and after the wedding allowing couples and their comrades ample time for setting/clearing up.
While some couples choose to host their entire day under the gorgeous scissored beams of the Molteno Hall, the beauty of Fortingall is that it offers a wealth of ceremony/reception options so couples looking to split their big day into glorious chunks will be spoilt for choice. During the winter months, why not take your vows by a roaring fire at the charming Fortingall Hotel? Or during the summer months, how about embracing the stunning landscape and marrying in the midst of a stone circle in the pastures that run alongside the River Lyon opposite the hall? Outdoor loving couples are in for a treat as mighty Loch Tay and Glen Lyon are right on the doorstep so why not bus your guests to a wild spot where adventurous couples and photographers will have a field day! Afterwards, enjoy champagne and canapes within the colourful gardens of the Fortingall Hotel before taking a short amble to the Molteno Hall for the wedding breakfast and evening reception.
The same level of flexibility is also offered to couples looking to enjoy bespoke catering to suit their personality and taste. The hall isn't affiliated with one particular supplier so couples can book any caterer of their choosing and we can guarantee they'll be extremely grateful for the Molteno Hall's excellent and spacious kitchen facilities. There's also a great space in the hall's carpark, which is perfect for accommodating outdoor catering companies specialising in serving up barbecues, street food or whatever takes your fancy. Within the hall, the open plan bar area allows couples complete freedom to stock their favourite tipples for guests to enjoy throughout the day.
So there you have it, we hope that we've inspired you in some way to consider using your local village hub on your big day. Granted, not all village halls have the same level of elegance and beauty as the Molteno Village Hall; however, there's something intrinsically nostalgic and personal about this style of wedding that is almost impossible to achieve in other venues. The warm and friendly vibe coupled with the budget friendly and flexible nature of village halls catapults them into the unbeatable wedding venue realm and we're looking forward to a wedding season packed with village hall ceremonies.


A big thank you to Fit and Flatter for featuring Preppy Guide to Life! We are so honored to be a part of your inspiring campaign, "Embrace Your Shape." We hope this article will help inspire others to dress for themselves and no one else.
Great article! You are a wonderful, "real" role model for all shapes and sizes. You always look put together and beautiful!


Families of victims of Ethiopian plane crash are given black soil for burial ceremonies.
Grieving family members of people who died in the Ethiopian Airlines plane crash, are being given sacks of earth to bury in place of the remains of their loved ones.
Berea youth get training on HIV/AIDS prevention.
The AIDS Free Lesotho, Blue Cross, PSI and ECPATH held a three days workshop for young people in Berea, under the Masimong HIV/AIDS Prevention Program Lesotho.
Queen 'Masenate leads the International Day of Forests in Quthing.
Her Majesty Queen 'Masenate Mohato Seeiso will lead the International Day of Forests at Sekhonyana Primary School in Mt. Moorosi in Quthing district on the 21st March 2019.
A building collapse kills eight primary school students in Nigeria.
At least eight people are dead and dozens others trapped in rubbles, after a school in Nigeria collapsed on Wednesday.
The Government of Lesotho launches the Economic Laboratories in Maseru.
The Right Honorable Prime Minister Dr Motsoahae Thomas Thabane officially launched the Lesotho Economic Laboratories, which will create more than 22 000 new jobs in Maseru yesterday.


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Home > Trending NSE Music News > Madonna and her ex-husband Guy Ritchie have officially settled their custody dispute
Madonna and her ex-husband Guy Ritchie have officially settled their custody dispute
September 9, 2016 newsoundexpress
Madonna and her ex-husband Guy Ritchie have officially settled their custody dispute over teenage son Rocco.
The exes have been involved in a transatlantic legal battle since December (15), when Rocco refused to return to his mother's home in New York after visiting his London-based dad for the Christmas holidays.
Madonna launched legal action seeking to have their boy sent back to the Big Apple, but the Manhattan judge overseeing the case urged the warring parents to work together to resolve their differences for the sake of the 16-year-old.
The pop superstar and the British filmmaker appeared to heed the advice, and Madonna was reunited with Rocco in April (16), when she visited him in the U.K.
The teen has since been spotted splitting his time between his parents' home cities, while he even joined the Vogue hitmaker for a family vacation in Cuba last month (Aug16).
By June (16), the former couple was said to be nearing an agreement, and on Wednesday (07Sep16), lawyers for the stars filed papers notifying officials the case had been settled privately, according to TMZ.com.
The news emerged hours before they were due in court for a progress hearing, which had previously been postponed from 14 June (16) to allow the two parties to continue negotiations.
The terms of the settlement are confidential, but Rocco is expected to be allowed to live with his father in London, where he will study, and make frequent visits to New York to spend time with his mother and siblings.
Madonna is also mum to 19-year-old Lourdes Leon, and adopted children David and Mercy, both 10, while Ritchie and his second wife Jacqui have three young kids – five-year-old Rafael, two-year-old son Levi, and daughter Rivka, three.
Trending NSE Music News madonna guy ritchie
David Bowie's widow Iman made her first public appearance since the rocker's January (16) death
Volpi–Not like anybody else–New single
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Trazmo is back with his brand...
With moods are as wild as the jungle the mighty 'TROPIC FORCE' drops 'Mango Fresco'
TROPIC FORCE is our multi-cultural project...
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NSE BRAND NEW: Carson Shmyr – Tired of Waking Up
Seventeen year old pop musician Carson...


Adjunct instructor needed for a part-time, temporary, partially remote position requiring a relevant MA/MS, two+ years' child-focused professional experience, Spanish/English bilingual skills, computer proficiency, three+ years' teaching experience.
English teacher needed for a remote position requiring a bachelor's degree, computer proficiency, access to a high-speed internet connection. TEFL/CELTA certification a plus. Will prepare and teach virtual tutoring sessions.
Part-time ESL tutor needed for a short-term, temporary contract opportunity. This position is remote and involves some alternative hours. Will instruct students ages 4-12. $17-$22 per hour. Bachelor's degree required. Teaching certificate preferred.
Seeking an English teacher to work on a temporary part-time basis three days/wk. from 6am - `10am EST and teach Chinese kids ages 5 - ``18 years old English online. A TEFL/CELTA teaching certificate is highly preferred. Pay ranges from $18-23/hr.
Temporary English teacher needed for a short-term contract opportunity. This part-time position is remote with alternative hours. Will instruct online course. Bachelor's degree or higher required. Teaching certificate preferred. $18-$23 per hour.
Part-time online teacher needed for a short-term, temporary contract opportunity. This is a remote position with an alternative schedule. Will teach kids ages 5-12. Bachelor's degree required. Teaching certificate preferred. $18-$23 per hour.
The company is seeking an ESL teacher with at least a bachelor's degree and the ability to work at least 12 hours a week. Will be responsible for providing interactive language instruction in a virtual environment. Contract position.
The remote ESL teacher will be providing interactive instruction to students ages five to 18. The desired candidate has at least a BA degree; TEFL/CELTA certification is preferred. This is a contract position requiring at least 12 teaching hours/wk.
Part-time, remote position offering 6 month long, renewable contracts. $18 - $22 per hour. Will be responsible for teaching English to Chinese students ages 4 - 12 in a virtual classroom environment. The ideal candidate will have a bachelor's.
Seeking an instructor for an online course to teach English to students in China. Must have a bachelor's degree and be able to teach at least 12 hrs per week. Contract, remote position. $16-$23 per hour.
Part-time English teacher needed for a short-term, temporary contract opportunity. This is a remote position. Will be responsible for teaching English to children ages 5-10. Bachelor's degree required. Teaching certificate preferred. $16-$23 hourly.
Seeking an instructor who can teach K-12 English to Chinese children in a virtual environment. This is a contract opportunity requiring a bachelor's degree; TEFL/CELTA credentials are desirable but not required. Pays $18-$22/hr.
Seeking an instructor to teach an online English course to students in China. Must have a bachelor's degree and be able to work at least 12 hrs/wk. Work from home, contract position. $18-$23 per hour.
An English teacher is needed for an online course. Will teach Chinese students how to speak English. Bachelor's degree req. and must be able to teach 12 hrs/wk. A contract, remote role with a flexible schedule. $18-$23/hr.
The online English teacher will be providing language instruction to young Chinese students. The candidate must have at least a BA degree and preferably a teaching certificate. This is a contract job paying $18-$23/hr.
Doctoral research supervisor adjunct instructor needed for a temporary opportunity. This position is partially remote with some travel involved. Will instruct course and monitor student performance. Education and experience combination required.
Adjunct instructor needed for a part-time, temporary, partially remote position requiring a computer science or related MA/MS, four+ years' experience in networking. Will prepare and teach classes, facilitate academic conversations.
Telecommute position teaching computer fundamentals to college students. Adjunct, temporary, part-time role requires a masters degree and 4 or more years of subject experience. Teaching experience desired.
Adjunct instructor needed for a part-time, temporary position responsible for preparing and teaching classes, assessing and supporting student needs, facilitating academic conversations. Computer Science or related MA/MS, four+ years' exp required.
Provide chemistry instruction to students in an online university course. Temporary, part-time, adjunct role is also remote. Must hold a bachelors degree or higher and have working knowledge or experience relevant to the course being taught.
Full-time, temporary position with some remote work. Responsibilities include teaching assigned courses, providing quality & innovative instruction, responding to student inquiries, assessing student performance, and maintaining documentation.
A Statistics instructor is needed for a temporary position. Conduct classes, prepare/grade assignments, and participate in scheduled meetings. Bachelor's degree and excellent communication skills req. This is a part-time, at home role.
Seeking an instructor to teach the Computer Fundamentals course at a university in this part-time, remote position. Must have a master's degree, 4+ years' computer software and MS Office experience, and Computer Fundamentals proficiency. Temporary.


Happy New 2017 and Merry Christmas!
Video Story "Lviv Polytechnic – 200 Years of History"
Дорогі наші студенти і викладачі славної Львівської політехніки!
Rector Professor Yuriy Bobalo and Leadership of the University Lately have Visited «Fujikura» Company.


A PlayStation 3 virtual reality demo for God of War was the turning point for Shuhei Yoshida, PlayStation's President of Worldwide Studios. After seeing developer Santa Monica Studios' custom-made, first-person Kratos demo, Yoshida was convinced VR was the future.
god of war in virtual reality would bring a completely new experience to the gamers. check out below links to jump into this adventurous world.


I wonder if it is something to be proud of: that one moved a whole village out of the way to make room for one's 1000-acre garden?
If you're going to landscape a great seat of the nobility, why let a few peasants get in the way? Lancelot 'Capability' Brown helped many of the noblemen of England recreate their surroundings with derring-do hitherto unattempted.
Before Brown formal gardens had been the thing: big flat geometric decorations populated by box hedges and walkways, which would stretch out impressively to lend grandeur to a nobleman's backyard.
Brown saw things differently. He wanted to create ideal England: a beautifully arranged landscape which would please a painter's eye. And he would stop at little to get it.
He literally remodelled the landscape according to what he saw as ideal England.
Brown did it for many country houses: not least that old seat of the Winchester Bishops, Highclere Castle.
Highclere. Ring a bell? It is the seat of the Carnarvons, those incorrigible Egyptologists, whose love of the fashionable ideal does not stop there.
For though the Bishops of Winchester had owned a mediaeval palace on the site since the eighth century; though it was recorded in the Domesday Book; and though the Carnarvons had owned the building since 1679: yet still, the great family were not content with the weight of bona fide time-worn history on the site.
The two hill forts, tumuli and ancient field systems were not enough to hold back Brown's progress; and the mansion itself was to fall into the path of refurbishment.
For the Carnarvons opted to ditch the perfect proportions of the classical mansion in favour of a piece of earnest pastiche designed by the man who built the new parliament: Sir Charles Barry.
Not England as it really was, exactly: rather ideal England as we would like it to be. Barry supervised a complete remodelling and rebuilding of Highclere Castle in 1839-42, using bath stone and that strange notion, "Jacobethan" style.
To you and I: gothic. Wildly romantic. Incongruous in its Brownian surroundings.
The interior drips theatre. It is a latter-day interpretation of what an Elizabethan or Jacobean house might be. So that both house and gardens seem to me to be very like those old Western movie sets where reality is only as strong as the walls which are built to keep reality in check.
Ironic, really: because Highclere has become a movie set in every sense of the word. The world has turned its eyes to follow a fictional Yorkshire dynasty, the Earl of Grantham and his entourage, in the critically acclaimed Downton Abbey.
The cast needs no introduction: Earl Robert and his wife Cora; Lady Edith, Lady Mary, Lady Sybil; the redoubtable Countess. Julian Fellowes and Gareth Neame created a well-crafted period drama with plotlines which captured the hearts-and ratings- of an international audience.
The costumes are sumptuous, the script crackles with wit and originality; the characters weave in and out of each other's lives under the expert tutelage of their scriptwriters.
They are as perfect, and as ideal as one of Brown's landscapes or Barry's architectural masterpieces.
But that's entertainment. Just as Hugh Walpole's odd little house at Strawberry Hill has become a masterpiece in the smoking-hut of time, so have the works of Barry and Brown.
Sure, they obliterated historical truths – and indeed, barged whole villages out of their way- in the name of an idealised beauty: but they sure are easy on the eye.
I have a choice: I can sit there, all uptight about nouveau choices which robbed us of whole tranches of history in the name of good taste.
Or: if I can't get in a time machine and browbeat them, perhaps I should join them.
And so, as soon as I have finished writing this post, I shall be booking my ticket to see Highclere Castle when it opens briefly to the public in early April.
Or should I say: I shall book a ticket to Downton Abbey?
Posted in UncategorizedTagged Canaervon, Downton Abbey, Highclere CastleBookmark the permalink.
I just love Maggie Smith in it, she has all the best lines. She must love it!
The rich are different. As are tv folk.
I'm sure I've mentioned this before but it's my only claim to fame: Tory Boy's girlfriend was at school with the daughter of the current incumbent.
I'm ready for my close up now, Mr De Mille.
I love this comment – The rich are different. As are tv folk. How true!
She's a clever lass, that Ms Budd.
I'm inordinately impressed, Tilly 😀 I shall mention it to every room guide as I potter round….
Capability was busy around here too. Blenheim, for example, with clusters of trees planted to represent different army troops and a river stopped to make a lake. I've never asked who was ousted to allow this.
You can recognise immediately the hand of Barry at Highclere. Enjoy your visit Kate, it is a lovely place that you will enjoy.
The Carnarvon's of course now live in a small property on the estate, and Highclere is more or less a venue for weddings, TV and film programmes.
Thanks Rosemary: I simply can't wait, now.
'Tis indeed a beautiful place, would love to see it in a future visit. Kate, you must inundate us with photos when you are there.
I intend to, Lou. I am limbering up the finger that wields the shutter as we speak.
Enjoy your trip, Kate, and do come back with lots of pictures and more stories to tell.
I will, thanks, Penny. I know you are a big Downton fan….will try to do my best….
I admit, I am a big Downton Abbey fan. When you visit there, please post some pic's for us.
I certainly will, Yaakov, thanks! Lovely to know so many people would appreciate the pictures!
I did this same stamp-and-knit a while back when Tennant and Tate did Much Ado About Nothing.
You'll note I am still stuck on the wrong side of the Atlantic.
And again, I'm tossed into Stoppard's Arcadia, which features an unseen Capability Brown running amuck on the grounds of the Coverly house.
One day, you will make it over: and what fun you will have!
No apologies necessary, Ruth 😀 I think you have summed the whole thing up with razor-sharp accuracy….
Dear Kate, . . . once again, you've written a provocative posting that makes me ponder the fate of those who lived on the land that Capability Brown was idealizing. There's a marvelous book of American history entitled "A People's History of the United States." In it, Howard Zinn relates our history from the standpoint of those who became dispossessed by the westward movement and by industrialization. He goes beyond that to produce a history from the point of view of the "common folk" rather than the leaders. It's a fascinating study that puts most of us in touch with our roots.
Enjoy your visit, Kate. It's quite an impressive bit of architecture.
I just added Downton Abbey to our Netflix queue ~ Season One, Disc One, Episodes 1 & 2.
One of the gardens in my book is modeled after one of Capability Brown's, at least in part.
I have yet to see Downtown Abbey, and I know I would love it.
We have, in the last few weeks, become Downton addicts. I saw the latest episode on a drop-down screen of a cousin in Johannesburg, which filled the whole wall. Surprisingly enough, the picture quality was still excellent and the views of the castle were simply stunning. How I wish I could join in that visit! The whole place is the kind of over-the-top which totally appeals to me.


text:
Safety Comparison
Allopathic vs. Chiropractic Healthcare
All healthcare disciplines are associated with risks of injury or death. Rare but sensational occurrences are often exploited by the media, leading the public to believe that rare events are commonplace. In contrast, common occurrences are often under reported, leading the public to have higher confidence in the safety of certain healthcare disciplines and procedures.
How Safe Is Medical Care?
The risks of medical healthcare (allopathic healthcare) were shockingly revealed in 1994 when Harvard's Lucian Leape, MD, indicated that medical error was responsible for 180,000 deaths per year (1, 2). Dr. Leape's analogy was that this was "the equivalent of three jumbo-jet crashes every 2 days," killing all on board (2). Dr. Leape's revelation was published in the prestigious Journal of the American Medical Association, and titled:
Error in Medicine
Four years after Dr. Leape's headlines pertaining to error in medicine, Jason Lazarou, MD (neurologist) and colleagues from the University of Toronto published a study in the Journal of the American Medical Association titled (3):
Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients
A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies
The objective of this study was to estimate the incidence of serious and fatal adverse drug reactions (ADR) in hospital patients. Serious ADRs were defined as those that required hospitalization, were permanently disabling, or resulted in death. The authors performed a meta-analysis of 39 prospective studies done in the United States over a period of 32 years on the incidences of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). The goal of this study was to "estimate injuries incurred by drugs that were properly prescribed and administered." If the event was determined to be a "Possible ADRs" it was excluded from this study. The authors noted:
"We estimated that in 1994 overall 2,216,000 (1,721,000-2,711,000) hospitalized patients had serious ADRs and 106,000 (76,000-137,000) had fatal ADRs, making these reactions between the fourth and sixth leading cause of death."
"We have found that serious ADRs are frequent and more so than generally recognized. Fatal ADRs appear to be between the fourth and sixth leading cause of death. Their incidence has remained stable over the last 30 years."
"It is important to note that we have taken a conservative approach, and this keeps the ADR estimates low by excluding errors in administration, overdose, drug abuse, therapeutic failures, and possible ADRs. Hence, we are probably not overestimating the incidence of ADRs."
This study on ADRs excluded medication errors "to show that there are a large number of serious ADRs even when the drugs are properly prescribed and administered."
"The incidence of serious and fatal ADRs in US hospitals was found to be extremely high."
The incidence of hospital adverse drug reactions detailed in the Lazarou and colleague's study is stunning:
106,000 yearly deaths; these deaths rank between the 4th and the 6th leading causes of death yearly.
2,216,000 yearly events that required hospitalization to recover or resulted in a lifelong disability.
Importantly, these numbers require additional discussion. These statistics pertain only to hospitalized patients; they did not assess similar such events occurring outside of the hospital setting, in locations such as nursing homes, extended care facilities, at home, etc.
Additionally, and more startling, these deaths and serious adverse events occurred as a consequence of taking the correct drug for the correct diagnosis in the correct dosage. As such, these deaths and serious adverse events are not considered to be as a consequence of error. Rather, they are considered to be "fallout" of a health care delivery discipline that is heavily dependent upon pharmacology.
Dr. Leape's premise of "Error in Medicine" was updated in 2016, showing that the problem has not improved in the past two decades. Published in the British Medical Journal, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine professor Martin A. Makary (MD, MPH) and research fellow Michael Daniel (medical student) produced an article titled (4):
The Third Leading Cause of Death in the United States
This title is misleading, and lay publications were mislead into believing that medical error was the 3rd leading cause of yearly death in the United States. The article clearly notes that the 3rd leading cause of death in the United States is error in hospitals. Once again, the data did not assess medical error deaths occurring outside of the hospital setting, in nursing homes, extended care facilities, at home, etc. Nor did it assess "fallout" deaths either in the hospital or outside the hospital setting.
In this study, Makary and Daniel analyzed the scientific literature on hospital medical errors to identify its contribution to US deaths. In their appraisal of the magnitude of the problem, they note:
"We calculated a mean rate of death from [hospital] medical error of 251,454 a year."
"We believe this understates the true incidence of death due to medical error because the studies cited rely on errors extractable in documented health records and include only inpatient deaths."
[Hospital] "medical error is the third biggest cause of death in the US and therefore requires greater attention."
As noted, the 251,000 deaths from medical error underestimates the actual number because it represents only medical error deaths that occur in the hospital setting. Medical error deaths occurring in non-hospital facilities or at home are not included in the estimated number.
How Safe Are Pain Medications?
The primary reason people seek chiropractic care is for pain. Chiropractic is considered an alternative therapy for pain management, and especially for spinal pain (5, 6). An important study looking at some of the risks associated with the chronic use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain was published by M. Michael Wolfe, MD, and colleagues, from Stanford's Medical School and Boston University School of Medicine, and published in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1999. The article was titled (7):
Gastrointestinal Toxicity of
The authors make the following points:
"It has been estimated conservatively that 16,500 NSAID-related deaths occur among patients with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis every year in the United States."
"If deaths from gastrointestinal toxic effects of NSAIDs were tabulated separately in the National Vital Statistics reports, these effects would constitute the 15th most common cause of death in the United States."
"Yet these toxic effects remain largely a 'silent epidemic,' with many physicians and most patients unaware of the magnitude of the problem."
"Furthermore, the mortality statistics do not include deaths ascribed to the use of over-the-counter NSAIDs."
The authors note that Cox-2 inhibitors (a prescription form of NSAID) have been available in the US since February 1999, in the hope that they will have a reduced capacity to cause injury to the gastroduodenal mucosa. However, Cox-2 inhibitors are also known to cause defects in renal function, alter the regulation of bone resorption, impair female reproductive physiology, and increase the rate of thrombotic events in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
In 2003, researchers from the University of Queensland, Australia, published a study in the Journal Spine, titled (8):
Chronic Spinal Pain:
A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing
Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation
In this study, the spinal manipulation was performed by licensed chiropractors (two visits per week). The medications used were Celebrex or Vioxx, both prescription NSAIDs. The acupuncture (also two visits per week) was performed by an experienced acupuncturist. The study evaluated 115 chronic neck and back pain patients. The treatment interventions extended over a 9-week period. These authors made the following observations and statements:
"Adverse reactions to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory (NSAID) medication have been well documented."
"Gastrointestinal toxicity induced by NSAIDs is one of the most common serious adverse drug events in the industrialized world."
"The newer COX-2-selective NSAIDs are less than perfect, so it is imperative that contraindications be respected."
There is "insufficient evidence for the use of NSAIDs to manage chronic low back pain."
"The highest proportion of early (asymptomatic status) recovery was found for manipulation (27.3%), followed by acupuncture (9.4%) and medication (5%)."
"Manipulation yielded the best results over all the main outcome measures."
"The consistency of the results provides evidence that in patients with chronic spinal pain, manipulation, if not contraindicated, results in greater short-term improvement than acupuncture or medication."
"The results of this efficacy study suggest that spinal manipulation, if not contraindicated, may be superior to needle acupuncture or medication for the successful treatment of patients with chronic spinal pain syndrome."
"Medication apparently did not achieve a marked improvement in chronic spinal pain and caused adverse reactions in 6.1% of the patients."
"In summary, the significance of the study is that for chronic spinal pain syndromes, it appears that spinal manipulation provided the best overall short-term results, despite the fact that the spinal manipulation group had experienced the longest pretreatment duration of pain."
Highlights of this study show that chiropractic spinal manipulation is five times more effective than prescription NSAIDs in the treatment of chronic low back and neck pain, and the results from spinal manipulation were accomplished without any reported adverse events. In contrast, for the patients taking the drugs, more experienced an adverse event (6.1%) than those who became asymptotic (5%) over the nine-week clinical trial.
Importantly, when this study was published in 2003, Vioxx had been on the market since 1999, four years. The following year, 2004, Vioxx was pulled off the market due to an unacceptable incidence of fatal heart attacks and strokes (9, 10). It has since been established that in the five years that Vioxx was on the market it caused more US deaths (about 60,000) than the Viet Nam war did in 10 years (about 58,000).
How Safe Is Chiropractic?
The most sensational adverse event with a supposed link to chiropractic spinal manipulation is vertebral artery dissection. Allegations of vertebral artery dissection caused by chiropractic spinal manipulation have appeared in the published literature for decades. However, recent large critical reviews of the topic have appeared in the scientific literature, and they question the causation between cervical spine manipulation and cervical artery dissection. Some of this literature is reviewed below.
In 2008, Dr. David Cassidy and colleagues published the most comprehensive study at that time pertaining to the risk of vertebral artery dissection as related to chiropractic cervical spine manipulation. The article was published in the journal Spine, and titled (11):
Risk of Vertebrobasilar Stroke and Chiropractic Care:
Results of a Population-Based Case-Control and Case-Crossover Study
This study included all residents of Ontario, CAN, over a period of 9 years, amounting to 109,020,875 person years of observation. Associations between chiropractic visits and vertebral artery dissection versus primary care physician (PCP) visits and vertebral artery dissection were compared.
The authors noted:
"We found no evidence of excess risk of vertebral artery stroke associated with chiropractic care."
"Neck pain and headache are common symptoms of vertebral artery dissection, which commonly precedes vertebral artery stroke."
"The increased risks of vertebral artery stroke associated with chiropractic and primary care physicians visits is likely due to patients with headache and neck pain from vertebral artery dissection seeking care before their stroke."
"Because patients with vertebrobasilar artery dissection commonly present with headache and neck pain, it is possible that patients seek chiropractic care for these symptoms and that the subsequent vertebral artery stroke occurs spontaneously, implying that the association between chiropractic care and vertebral artery stroke is not causal."
"Our results suggest that the association between chiropractic care and vertebral artery stroke found in previous studies is likely explained by presenting symptoms attributable to vertebral artery dissection."
In January of 2011, the Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics published a population-based case series using administrative health care records of all Ontario, CAN, residents hospitalized with vertebral artery stroke between April 1, 1993, and March 31, 2002, titled (12):
A Population-based Case-series of Ontario Patients who
Develop a Vertebrobasilar Artery Stroke After Seeing a Chiropractor
These authors note:
"The current evidence suggests that association between chiropractic care and vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) stroke is not causal. Rather, recent epidemiological studies suggest that it is coincidental and reflects the natural history of the disorder."
"Because neck pain and headaches are symptoms that commonly precede the onset of a VBA stroke, these patients might seek chiropractic care while their stroke is in evolution."
Also in January 2011, The Open Neurology Journal published an "open access" editorial by Drs. Dean Smith and Gregory Cramer, titled (13):
"Spinal Manipulation is Not an Emerging Risk Factor for Stroke
Nor is it Major Head/Neck Trauma. Don't Just Read the Abstract!"
Dean L. Smith is Clinical Faculty, Department of Kinesiology and Health, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, and Gregory D. Cramer is Professor and Dean of Research, National University of Health Sciences, Lombard, Illinois. Their editorial includes:
We would like to address two points in this letter:
1) The current best-evidence indicates no causal relationship between spinal manipulation ('chiropractic maneuver' in the paper) and vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) stroke, and,
2) Spinal manipulation or 'chiropractic maneuvers' are not major head/neck trauma as suggested in abstract of this article.
"First, evidence is mounting that the association between spinal manipulation and stroke is coincidental rather than causal and reflects the natural history of the disorder."
"The largest population-based study to date was conducted by Cassidy et al. and included all vertebrobasilar artery (VBA) strokes in Ontario, Canada over a period of 9 years. The authors found no evidence of excess risk (i.e. no risk) of VBA stroke associated with chiropractic care."
"The prevailing hypothesis is that patients with vertebral artery dissections often have initial symptoms that cause them to seek care from a chiropractic or medical physician and the stroke is independent of their visit."
"The latest scientific evidence questions whether spinal manipulation is a risk factor at all for cervical artery dissection."
"Chiropractic spinal manipulations may very well be a demerging risk factor for stroke since there may not be any risk."
"The evidence, albeit limited to date, suggests that spinal manipulative treatments produce stretches of the vertebral artery that are much smaller than those that are produced during normal everyday movements, and thus they appear harmless."
"Spinal manipulations delivered by licensed chiropractors do not fulfill the criteria for major trauma and should not be considered major trauma."
The biomechanics of cervical spine manipulation and vertebral artery stress is important. The world leader on this type of biomechanical assessment is Walter Herzog, PhD, from the University of Calgary, CAN. In 2012, Dr. Herzog and colleagues published a study in the Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology titled (14):
Vertebral Artery Strains During High-speed,
Low Amplitude Cervical Spinal Manipulation
Dr. Herzog notes that spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) is recognized as an effective treatment modality for many back, neck and musculoskeletal problems. Yet, one of the major issues of the use of SMT is its safety, especially with regards to neck manipulation and the risk of stroke. It has been assumed [wrongly as per this study] that the vertebral artery (VA) experiences considerable stretch during extension and rotation of the neck, which may lead to occlusions and damage to the VA, predisposing the patient to stroke. Therefore, this study presents the first ever data on the mechanics between C2/C1 during cervical SMT performed by chiropractic clinicians.
The authors compared the results of human VA strains during high-speed, low-amplitude SMTs administered by qualified chiropractic clinicians and compared them to the strains encountered during full range of motion (ROM) tests. They used a total of 3,034 segment strains obtained during SMTs and 2,380 segment strains obtained during full ROM testing, making this is an extensive study. Dr. Herzog and colleagues conclude:
"VA strains obtained during SMT are significantly smaller than those obtained during diagnostic and range of motion testing, and are much smaller than failure strains."
"We conclude from this work that cervical SMT performed by trained clinicians does not appear to place undue strain on VA, and thus does not seem to be a factor in vertebro-basilar injuries."
"In summary, the maximal strain values for the ROM testing at each segmental level were always greater than the corresponding strain values for the SMTs, suggesting that neck SMTs impose less stretch than turning your head, or extending your neck while looking up at the sky."
"Therefore, based on the mechanical tests performed here, one should be able to conclude that stretching of VA during neck SMTs does not cause any damage of the VAs."
"The VA is never really strained during spinal manipulative treatments but that the VA is merely taking up slack as the neck and head are moved during SMT, but that there is no stress and thus no possibility for microstructural damage."
"The results from this study demonstrate that average and maximal VA strains during high-speed low-amplitude cervical spinal manipulation are substantially less than the strains that can be achieved during ROM testing for all vertebral artery segments."
"We conclude that cervical spinal manipulations, as tested here, are safe from a mechanical point of view for normal, healthy VA."
In 2015, a study was published in the journal Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, and titled (15):
Chiropractic Care and the Risk of Vertebrobasilar Stroke:
Results of a Case–control Study in U.S. Commercial
and Medicare Advantage Populations
The main purpose of this study was to replicate the case–control epidemiological design study published by Cassidy, et al. in 2008 (11), and to investigate the association between chiropractic care and vertebral artery stroke; and compare it to the association between recent primary care physician (PCP) care and vertebral artery stroke. The authors assessed commercially insured and Medicare Advantage (MA) health plan members in the U.S. The data set included health plan members located in 49 of 50 states (excluded North Dakota) and encompassed national health plan data for 35,726,224 commercial and 3,188,825 MA members. Hence, this study looked at approximately 39 million people, making this the largest case–control study to investigate the association between chiropractic manipulation and vertebral artery stroke. These authors concluded:
"There was no association between chiropractic visits and VBA stroke found for the overall sample, or for samples stratified by age."
"We found no significant association between exposure to chiropractic care and the risk of vertebral artery stroke. We conclude that manipulation is an unlikely cause of vertebral artery stroke."
"Our results increase confidence in the findings of a previous study [11], which concluded there was no excess risk of vertebral artery stroke associated with chiropractic care compared to primary care."
In 2016, a study from the Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, and the Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, was published in the journal Cureus, and titled (16):
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chiropractic Care
and Cervical Artery Dissection:
No Evidence for Causation
The authors note that case reports and case control studies have suggested an association between chiropractic neck manipulation and cervical artery dissection (CAD), but a causal relationship has not been established. These authors evaluated the evidence related to this topic by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data on chiropractic manipulation and cervical artery dissection (CAD). These authors state:
"We found no evidence for a causal link between chiropractic care and CAD. This is a significant finding because belief in a causal link is not uncommon, and such a belief may have significant adverse effects such as numerous episodes of litigation."
"In spite of the very weak data supporting an association between chiropractic neck manipulation and CAD, and even more modest data supporting a causal association, such a relationship is assumed by many clinicians. In fact, this idea seems to enjoy the status of medical dogma."
"Excellent peer reviewed publications frequently contain statements asserting a causal relationship between cervical manipulation and CAD. We suggest that physicians should exercise caution in ascribing causation to associations in the absence of adequate and reliable data. Medical history offers many examples of relationships that were initially falsely assumed to be causal, and the relationship between CAD and chiropractic neck manipulation may need to be added to this list."
"There is no convincing evidence to support a causal link, and unfounded belief in causation may have dire consequences."
"The quality of the published literature on the relationship between chiropractic manipulation and CAD is very low. Our analysis shows a small association between chiropractic neck manipulation and cervical artery dissection. This relationship may be explained by the high risk of bias and confounding in the available studies, and in particular by the known association of neck pain with CAD and with chiropractic manipulation."
"The association between a chiropractor visit and dissection may be explained by" understanding that "patients with cervical artery dissection more frequently have headache and neck pain" and understanding that "patients with headache and neck pain more frequently visit chiropractors."
"Because (on average) patients with headache and neck pain visit chiropractors more frequently, and patients with cervical artery dissection more frequently have headache and neck pain, it appears that those who visit chiropractors have more cervical artery dissections."
The data presented here indicates that medical care is incredibly dangerous. The authors estimate that hospital errors kill 251,000 Americans yearly (the 3rd leading cause of yearly US deaths), and hospital non-error "fallout" kills an additional 106,000 Americans yearly (the 4th -6th leading cause of yearly US deaths). These numbers total 357,000 yearly hospital medical deaths. It is reasonable to assume that a similar number of deaths occur outside of the hospital setting (nursing homes, extended care facilities, at home, etc.).
In contrast, chiropractic spinal manipulation, even to the cervical spine, is incredibly safe. In a typical year there are zero reported deaths linked to chiropractic care, and if one such death is alleged it tends to make sensational news. Chiropractic students and chiropractors are extensively trained in spinal anatomy and spinal biomechanics. They are also extensively trained in the science and art of spinal adjusting (specific directional manipulation). They are taught to avoid injury risk, and to recognize serious events that are in progress, making the appropriate referral.
Even the use of prescription NSAIDs for pain results in the deaths of 16,500 Americans yearly (the 15th leading cause of yearly US deaths). The concern is that in the randomized clinical trial reviewed, chiropractic spinal adjusting was better than five times more effective in alleviating chronic back and neck pain as compared to these drugs, and this was achieved with no side effects. Importantly, the one-year follow-up to this study showed the benefits of chiropractic to be stable (17).
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Leape LL; Error in Medicine; Journal of the American Medical Association; December 21, 1994; Vol. 272; No. 23; pp. 1851-1857.
Lazarou J, Pomeranz BH, Corey PN; Incidence of Adverse Drug Reactions in Hospitalized Patients: A Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies; Journal of the American Medical Association; Vol. 279; No. 15; April 15, 1998; pp. 1200-1205.
Makary MA, Daniel M; Medical Error: The Third Leading Cause of Death in the United States; British Medical Journal; May 3, 2016; Vol. 353; i2139.
Kirkaldy-Willis WH, Cassidy JD; Spinal Manipulation in the Treatment of Low back Pain; Canadian Family Physician; March 1985; Vol. 31; pp. 535-540.
Ogura T, Tashiro M, Masud M, Watanuki S, Shibuya K, Yamaguchi K, Itoh M, Fukuda H, Yanai K; Cerebral metabolic changes in men after chiropractic spinal manipulation for neck pain; Alternative Therapy Health Medicine; November-December 2011; Vol. 17; No. 6; pp. 12-17.
Wolfe MM, Lichtenstein DL, Singh G; Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs; The New England Journal of Medicine; June 17, 1999; Vol. 340; No. 24; pp. 1888-1899.
Giles GFL, Muller R; Chronic Spinal Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Medication, Acupuncture, and Spinal Manipulation; Spine; July 15, 2003; Vol. 28; No. 14; pp. 1490-1502.
Karha J, Topol EJ; The sad story of Vioxx, and what we should learn from it; Cleveland Clinical Journal of Medicine; December 2004; Vol. 71; No. 12; pp. 938-9.
Topol EJ, Arthritis Medicines and Cardiovascular Events—"House of Coxibs" Journal of the American Medical Association; January 2819 2005; Vol. 293; No. 3; pp. 366-368.
Cassidy JD, Boyle E, Côté P, Yaohua H, Hogg-Johnson S, Silver FL, Bondy SJ; Risk of Vertebrobasilar Stroke and Chiropractic Care: Results of a Population-Based Case-Control and Case-Crossover Study; Spine; Volume 33(4S); February 15; 2008 pp. S176-S183.
Choi S, Boyle E, Cote P, Cassidy JD; A population-based case-series of Ontario patients who develop a vertebrobasilar artery stroke after seeing a chiropractor; Journal of Manipulative and Physiological Therapeutics; 2011; Vol. 34; No. 1; pp. 15-22.
Smith DL, Cramer GC; LETTER TO THE EDITOR: Spinal Manipulation is Not an Emerging Risk Factor for Stroke Nor is it Major Head/Neck Trauma. Don't Just Read the Abstract!; The Open Neurology Journal; 2011; 5; pp. 46-47.
Herzog W, Leonard TR, Symons B, Tang C, Wuest S; Vertebral artery strains during high-speed, low amplitude cervical spinal manipulation; Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology; October 2012; Vol. 22; No. 5; pp. 740-746.
Thomas M Kosloff, David Elton, Jiang Tao and Wade M Bannister; Chiropractic Care and the Risk of Vertebrobasilar Stroke: Results of a Case–control Study in U.S. Commercial and Medicare Advantage Populations; Chiropractic & Manual Therapies 2015; 23:19; pp. 1-10.
Church EW, Sieg EP, Zalatimo O, Hussain NS, Glantz M, Harbaugh RE; Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Chiropractic Care and Cervical Artery Dissection: No Evidence for Causation; Cureus; February 16, 2016; Vol. 8; No. 2; e498.