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Chapter 142: Concealed Experts
The mouth in the centre of that large hand was in the process of devouring the cultivators who had chosen to remain within the forest. With a grasping motion, a cultivator was caught and slowly pulled into the centre where the black-coloured hole devoured him.
Like a cat toying with its prey, the hand did not kill all the cultivators instantly. Instead, it kept chasing after them, flying over their heads. It was in no hurry. Only after it had toyed with a cultivator to a certain extent, having pushed out all the dread from the fleeing cultivator's heart did it capture the cultivator and devour him or her.
Chen Feng and the others were able to observe it all clearly. One of the cultivators screamed out in dread. It was like the final cry of a dying man. Next, the grey hand casually captured him before the black-coloured hole in the centre of its palm slowly devoured the cultivator.
After devouring that cultivator, the hand moved in search of a new target, like a large wild cat placed within a closed room filled with mice.
"What is going on there?" Chen Feng and the others were astounded. Just a glance of the gigantic grey hand was enough to bring him a feeling of terror. What then would those trapped inside the forest – who had to personally face the hand – feel?
As they were in shock, a level 5 Concealed stage cultivator was surrounded by three demonic humans. Their fists and feet lashed out and the cultivator was beaten to death.
"Not good. Everyone, don't get distracted!" Chen Feng was quick to recollect himself. He saw two demonic humans rushing towards him. At the same time, Ye Ziming, Lu Ta and the Five Heroes of Pot Mountain were also besieged.
"How can there be so many demonic humans here? Demon Soul Valley is such a big place. Logically speaking, we should not be encountering so many demonic humans!" shouted one of the cultivators.
"Do you all still not get it? This is part of Mo Ji's scheme. These demonic humans have been lured here using some unknown method. If I am not mistaken, that primordial ruin that Mo Ji mentioned is likely not far from here. Additionally, it is highly likely that there are plenty of demonic humans gathered there. By turning us into bait to lure a high number of demonic humans away, they could seize the opportunity to search for the treasure there," said an extremely young-looking cultivator. It would not be an exaggeration to call the cultivator a kid. Appearance wise, he was even a few years younger compared to Chen Feng. Since entering Demon Soul Valley, he had maintained a taciturn attitude. Hearing his words, the surrounding cultivators grew shocked.
The aspect which caught Chen Feng's attention the most was his cultivation base. Chen Feng's senses informed him that the kid was only at level 4 of the Concealed stage. Logically speaking, for someone his age to reach level 4 of the Concealed stage was already sufficient for him to be labelled a genius. However, in the various battles they faced, Chen Feng noticed that the kid was not to be underestimated. Disregarding the previous battles they had to go through, the kid was casually smashing the demonic humans before they could approach him. Either that or they would inexplicably break apart. Chen Feng, who had been secretly assessing him, was unable to understand what happened.
This kid is powerful. Surface wise, he appears to be at level 4 of the Concealed stage. However, he is giving me a peculiar feeling. It feels as though there is a great power within his body. It seems he has practiced a mysterious technique used to cover up his true power. Additionally, my Overwhelming Astral Sword would occasionally sense this energy fluctuation from him. If I am not mistaken, the kid should also possess a Prized artefact. Chen Feng thought.
While it would appear as though Chen Feng, Evil Moon Grotto Master and the old cultivator were the only ones with Prized artefacts, Chen Feng knew that some other cultivators must also possess Prized artefacts. Additionally, those who can remain unscathed after coming this far must surely possess cultivation bases superior to his. Truth be told, Chen Feng's group was the weakest amongst the cultivators present. If it were not for the aegis of the Prized artefact, they would have been incapable of coming this far.
"Xiao Yin is right. Truth be told, I have been keeping a close eye on Mo Ji and her group. Unexpectedly, I was too late to stop them," the old cultivator said.
So, this kid's name is Xiao Yin. That is quite a feminine name, though. Chen Feng thought to himself.
"You know my name?" Xiao Yin said, his face flickering. Since coming out from his sect, he had been keeping a low profile. Unexpectedly, someone had called him using his name.
"How can I not recognize someone as important as the Young Sect Master of Demon Sound Sect?" the old cultivator said with a smile.
"Just who are you?" Xiao Yin's face sank for a moment before he recollected himself.
"I am just an ordinary cultivator. Naturally, I cannot compare against a Young Sect Master like you," again, the old cultivator replied with a smile.
As he spoke, the power of his Ardent Sun Needle grew. Then, like a sun, it rotated around him and the demonic humans leaping towards him were all melted down by the intense heat.
"How can an ordinary cultivator possess such a powerful Prized artefact?" Xiao Yin sneered.
"Hey, hey. If Young Sect Master had not utilized the Demon Sound Sect's Invisible Ripple, I could not have been certain about your identity. Besides, since you are on an adventure, it is only natural for you to not use your real name. That would invite problems," said the smiling old cultivator.
"Your eyes sure are sharp. Others may call me Young Sect Master, but I am just an ordinary person. You, on the other hand, you don't look like some ordinary character, old man." Xiao Yin smiled back. His words contained a sense of maturity, of one who had experienced the vicissitudes of life, a complete mismatch for his age. People like him were usually those who had been to many places and experienced many things.
So, this kid is the Young Sect Master of Demon Sound Sect. Demon Sound Sect is quite a sizable sect amongst the demonic sects. It is comparable to sects like the Nine Firmaments Palace. To think that such an inconspicuous kid could possess such a background. I wonder if there are any experts serving as bodyguards around him.
The conversation between Xiao Yin and the old cultivator were done openly. Thus, the cultivators fighting off the demonic humans were able to hear about it as well. Everyone of them felt shocked.
"Brother Ye, I feel something amiss here. This task should just be an ordinary one. So, why did so many experts appear here? Elegant Gentleman and those who have condensed out their Soulflames; experts like Evil Moon Grotto Master and this old cultivator. Besides, there is also this Young Sect Master of Demon Sound Sect. People like them are probably not interested in 100,000 Basic Yang Pills, no?" Chen Feng asked through secret vocal transmission.
"Something is indeed amiss. Those who can survive to this point are all experts, but there are still some powerful experts concealed amongst them. Our strength is just too lacking." After responding, Ye Ziming stepped forward to pull Lu Ta back before both of them disappeared. Next, two muscular demonic humans descended from the sky, punching a huge crater on the iron-like ground.
The Overwhelming Astral Sword swiftly sent out two sword beams to pierce through the two demonic humans' heads.
"Brother Chen, if us brothers can survive this, we will follow Brother Chen's lead in the future. As long as Brother Chen gives the word, be it to go through a mountain of blades of a sea of flames, we five brothers will certainly do it," Big Pot Bro suddenly shouted.
Chen Feng was taken aback. Then, he smiled. It was not too shocking. Given how dangerous their current situation was, death would quickly befall the Five Heroes of Pot Mountain if they could not gain any protection. At that moment, what they needed was to find someone powerful that they could rely on. Although Chen Feng's cultivation base was not high, he possessed a Prized artefact as a means of protection. Additionally, they have something of a friendship with him. Thus, Chen Feng was their best choice. Bluntly speaking, he was their last life-saving straw.
"Considering how dangerous our current situation is, I cannot give any assurance either. All I can say is, I will do my best," Chen Feng said calmly.
"Thank you, Young Master!" All five bros shouted simultaneously, changing the way they addressed Chen Feng. In the future, they will be depending on Chen Feng.
I suppose this is my first batch of followers. Chen Feng thought to himself in a self-deprecating manner. Truth be told, Chen Feng had been wanting to recruit the five of them. This development was the best possible scenario for Chen Feng. Assuming, of course, that he could lead them out from Demon Soul Valley intact.
Sigh! This is truly a difficult task. Whether we can escape or not is still a problem. Chen Feng sighed to himself.
Truth be told, Chen Feng did not have any clear objective in recruiting the five bros. He instinctively thought that more people meant more power. They might be able to help him out in the future. At any rate, Chen Feng was not of the opinion that he could singlehandedly become an invincible figure in this world. Besides, even if he could achieve that, there would always be a higher mountain.
Chen Feng and the others formed a small group, gathering close together, relying on the Overwhelming Astral Sword for protection. Likewise, the others too, formed groups of three or five. As for the earlier group that had attempted to charge out earlier, there were no longer any signs of them. By Chen Feng's estimate, they had likely met with a grim ending.
"Now that it has come to this, everyone, stop hiding. Display out your powers. We need to deal with this problem before anything else," said the old cultivator as he looked around.
A forceful aura suddenly rose up from an inconspicuous-looking cultivator. Originally, his cultivation base was only at level 4 of the Concealed stage. Suddenly, seemingly having broken an invisible restraint shackling his body, his aura kept rising until it was at level 7 of the Concealed stage.
A Soulflame flew out from his glabella to quickly circle around him, reducing two demonic humans into ashes.
"Another expert who has condensed out his Soulflame," said Chen Feng coolly. The method he used to conceal his true aura was very unique and Chen Feng had actually failed to notice it.
Another cultivator began radiating a mighty aura. This time, it was a brawny cultivator with a thick beard. His hand reached out and a black and shiny bow appeared in his hand. His fingers pulled and the surrounding demonic energy gushed towards it to form five sharp and tangible arrows in the blink of an eye.
Sou! Sou! Sou! Sou! Sou!
Five sharp arrows shot out at the same time and five demonic humans that were 100 metres away were struck. Immediately, they burst apart like firecrackers and their fragments were scattered across the sky.
"Spirit Gathering Bow, that is a top-grade Magic artefact!" Ye Ziming uttered in shock.
Immediately following that, another three cultivators radiated formidable battle power and instantly wiped out the surrounding demonic humans. Thus, the strain on the other cultivators lessened and they were finally able to take a breather.


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Иоганн Эрнст Грабе (, ), он же Джон Эрнест Грейб (; 10 июля 1666, Кёнигсберг, княжество Бранденбург-Пруссия — 3 ноября 1711, Оксфорд, королевство Англия) — протестантский пастор и теолог, отказался от лютеранства и перешёл в англиканство.

Биография
Родился 10 июля 1666 года в Кёнигсберге в семье лютеранского теолога — профессора  и Софии, урождённой Бем, дочери лютеранского теолога и профессора . Он приходился старшим братом библиотекарю . Начальное образование получил у родителей в Кёнигсберге. Позднее, вслед за отцом, которого перевели по службе в Померанию, туда переехала вся семья. Грабе рано освоил латынь, которой владел на уровне родного языка. В Померании его образование было доверено дяде по материнской линии Михаэлю Бему-младшему. В 1682 году он поступил в Кёнигсбергский университет, в котором в течение трёх лет изучал философию и историю. В 1675 году защитил степень магистра был принят на место преподавателя истории и риторики в альма-матер. Позднее он также изучил теологию и экзегетику и читал лекции по теологии.

После смерти отца в 1686 году, Грабе отправился в учебную поездку и посетил несколько германских университетов, как это было принято в то время среди немецких ученых. По возвращению в 1687 году он прочитал курс лекций по истории церкви. Преподавательская и научная деятельность Грабе заслужила ему уважение среди коллег. Учёному предложили занять место профессора теологии в Кёнигсбергском университете, но он отказался. У Грабе возникли сомнения относительно ортодоксии лютеранства. В то время в Кёнигсберге, экуменические усилия теолога Георга Каликста, привели к спорам среди протестантов, из-за чего часть исповедовавших лютеранство встали на позиции пиетизма, а некоторые даже перешли в католицизм. Сам Грабе подвергся преследованию из-за подозрений в симпатиях к католическому вероучению.

Критику лютеранства Грабе начал с критики самого культа. Он считал ошибочным отсутствие у лютеран действительного священства с апостольским посвящением и жертвоприношения в причастии. Когда в 1694 году теолог и профессор Иоганн Филипп Пфайффер, вместе с друзьями и учениками, перешел в католицизм, синкретизм в Кёнигсберге достиг своего апогея. Это подвигло Грабе написать послание, адресованное консистории под названием «Сомнительное». В нём он обвинил Мартина Лютера в пятикратной ереси и в том, что тот отклонился от ортодоксии. В результате Грабе был ненадолго задержан в Пиллау, а затем переведён под домашний арест в Кёнигсберг.

В мае 1695 года он окончательно отошёл от лютеранства. По делу Грабе курфюрст назначил трёх оппонентов, которым было поручено дать ответ на его послание. Одним из них был пиетист Филипп Якоб Шпенер. Двумя другими экспертами были протестантские теологи Иоганн Вильгельм Байер и . Последнему Грабе ответил в 1696 году посланием «Жертвенное спасение против Зандена». Отправив послание, он отправился в Вену, где думал перейти в католичество, но по совету Филиппа Якоба Шпенера, принял окончательное решение перейти в англиканство. Несколько прусских университетов предложили Грабе место преподавателя, но все эти предложения были им отвергнуты.

В 1697 году он эмигрировал в Англию, по пути в которую встретился в Берлине с Филиппом Якобом Шпенером. Грабе перешёл в англиканство и был рукоположен в священники. От королевы Анны, вместе с королевской пенсией, он получил много подарков. Однако, Грабе никогда не исполнял священнического служения, потому что он не мог согласиться с англиканской доктриной причастия. Следующие четырнадцать лет он провел в качестве частного ученого в Оксфорде, большое внимание уделяя исследованиям в области патристики и септуагинты. Им были написаны несколько интересных сочинений, среди которых самым важным было признано новое издание Септуагинты, основанное на Александрийском кодексе. Работа состояла из четырех частей, все, кроме первой, были опубликованы после смерти автора. Грабе заложил основы для исследования Септуагинты, чем позднее воспользовался Поль де Лагард. В целом он включил в текст около двух тысяч тщательно помеченных исправлений. Эта работа принесла ученому всемирное признание. Прусский король Фридрих I прислал за неё автору подарок. Несмотря на эмиграцию, Грабе никогда не забывал свою родину и стремился продвигать англиканство в Пруссии.

В 1706 году за заслуги он получил степень почетного доктора теологии от Оксфордского университета. По свидетельству современников, Грабе был благочестивым и скромным, так, что некоторые даже считали его за блаженного. У него было плохое здоровье, что стало причиной его смерти 13 ноября 1711 года в Оксфорде. Он был похоронен на кладбище Сент-Панкрас в Лондоне. В 1726 году в Вестминстерском аббатстве ему поставили памятник.

Сочинения
 Animadversiones historicae in controversias Bellarmini (1692)
 Abgenötigte Ehrenrettung (1696)
 Specilegium patrum et haereticorum saeculi I-III p. Chr. (1698)
 Justins Apologie (1700)
 Irenäus, Contra haereses libri V (1702)
 Septuaginta (1707, 1719, 1720, 1729)
 Liturgia graeca (1715)

Примечания

Литература

Персоналии:Восточная Пруссия
Протестантские богословы

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Does anyone have a fix for Gmail Image Zoom projector displaying on non linked images. I have tried a few things but have just been linking images.
I noticed this the other day! I haven't tried any testing yet. Has anyone seen any articles about it floating around?


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text:
Keynote speech: Dr Anita Collins
The view from the performers
The view from the venues
In conversation with David Lammy MP
Is there a future for the musician?
The musician's toolkit
Keynote speech: Dr Kadiatu Kanneh-Mason
Tech – is it the answer?
COVID-19 and its impact on gender, race and disability
Staying resilient
In conversation with Roderick Williams OBE
Closing words from ISM Chief Executive Deborah Annetts and President Chris Collins
SK Shlomo performance and music tech masterclass
Opening words from Deborah Annetts, ISM Chief Executive
'Being someone who is quite a rarity in the classical industry, being a young black female, it suddenly became apparent that I was the only one. My life's dedication is to ensure that this changes, and for me this lies in access to high quality music education.
- Mahaliah Edwards
An expert panel discusses whether existing inequalities in the music sector have been exacerbated or brought to light by COVID-19. How can we widen access to creative careers and work together to create a more diverse and inclusive industry?
Diversify your music lessons
Webinar panel: Inclusive and accessible music-making with adaptive music instruments
Dignity at work: ISM releases report on discrimination in the music sector
The ISM has today (Thursday 26 April) released a report into the level of sexual harassment, discrimination, bullying and inappropriate behaviour in the music sector.
Vick Bain (Chair)
Music industry consultant
Vick is a music industry consultant and campaigner for diversity and inclusion in the music industry. She was CEO of BASCA (the Ivors Academy) and is currently the interim Director of Strategy at Attitude is Everything. Vick is the author of 'Counting the Music Industry', a report on gender in the music industry, the curator of The F-List directory of female musicians, and a PhD researcher at Queen Mary University.
Mary-Alice Stack
CEO Creative United
Mary-Alice is Chief Executive of Creative United, and has led on the development and launch of the Take it away scheme, an initiative designed to enable more people to get involved in learning and playing a musical instrument. Her work in the music sector has focused primarily on addressing the barriers faced by disabled people of all ages in accessing music education and professional development opportunities.
Keith Harris OBE
Keith has been in the music industry for more than 45 years. He has worked both in the UK, where he was Head of Promotions and then General Manager of Motown Records at EMI, and the US where he was Operations Manager for Stevie Wonder. He was Chairman of the Music Managers Forum, and also Chaired the Equality and Diversity Taskforce for UK Music.
Mahaliah Edwards
Performer, educator
Mahaliah is a violinist, educator and workshop facilitator based in Nottingham. She has a versatile performing portfolio as well as a successful career as an educator, community music facilitator and advocate for music for social change. She is passionate about working with young people and developing essential skills through engaging with music and the arts.
Mark is Senior Lecturer in Quantitative Methods (Sociology) at the Sheffield Methods Institute, University of Sheffield, and is AHRC Leadership Fellow (Creative Economy) until 2021. His research interests are in inequalities in culture, in both audiences and work. He's also interested in quantitative methods, particularly data visualisation. He is the co-author of Culture Is Bad For You: Inequality in the cultural and creative industries.
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The Empowered Musician 2020: Event programme

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Riddle of the Phaistos Disk
27.06.2012 Category: TraditionsAuthor: admin
December 19, 2011 0:36
Famous Phaistos disc with the printed signs of unknown letters
Crete since the XV century attracted travelers for its ancient buildings, located in different parts of it. The first archaeological excavations were carried out here in 1876 by the Spanish consul M. Kalokerinosom.
He unearthed near the city of Heraklion ruins of this building. American scientist W. Stilmen studied them in 1881. This was the famous Labyrinth. Since 1884 the island began working Italian expedition of archaeologists who have done a lot of discoveries. After the liberation of the island of Crete in 1898, two centuries of Ottoman rule from his archaeological investigation unfolded in a big way. Special credit goes to the distinguished British scientist Sir Arthur Evans, who dedicated 30 years of his life to the study of the ancient history of the island. They laid the foundation of periodization Cretan culture of the Bronze Age, a lot of work on the scientific systematization of the numerous and varied artefacts and ancient literature. His discovery of the Minoan culture was called and there was in the years 2800-1100 BC. Minoan it is named after the legendary ruler of the island — Minos (or dynasty), whose activity is known to us by the extant myths of Icarus and Daedalus, Minotaur, Theseus and Ariadne, and others.
THREE TYPES OF WRITING
In ancient times, the island of Crete was a powerful maritime nation. Being in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, it has held a dominant position on the lines of communication between Asia Minor, the Balkans and Egypt — centers of ancient civilizations. Minoan culture was the ancient culture of Europe, which has had a huge influence on later civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. That is why so much attention paid scientists studying the island of Crete, and in particular, the written records of the Minoans, in many discovered during the excavations.
Inscriptions found on the island belonged to the three varieties of writing, the sequence of alternating. The first was hieroglyphic writing, which had some similarities with the ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs that under broad contacts with Egypt is not surprising. Then followed the so-called Linear A and Linear B. letter Linear A and B, and characters in its iconography are links of the same evolutionary chain. Most of the inscriptions found on the island, made Linear B, which replaced the Linear A in the middle of the XV century BC. e.
Teaching was that the transcript of one of them will read the rest. More than forty years they have struggled with this problem. What only a hypothesis does not appear when deciphering ancient European title! Drawing a parallel with the written Hittites and Egyptians, Basques and Albanians, Jews, and the Sumerians, even Slavs and Finns. It was only in 1952, Michael Ventris proved that the language of the Linear B was Greek. Thanks to decipher Linear B has failed to read the vast majority of the inscriptions. Read but not understand. Minoans language was different, and it turned out if now write the phrase in Uzbek Russian letters, you read it we could, but do not understand. Linear A, more ancient than the letter B, also still no information is given, it was clearly a non-Greek language, and besides all the documents to get us there is an economic or inventory records or lists. With its similarities with the characters is not difficult to understand. Thus, the most ancient texts in Europe, over the poems of Homer for seven centuries until now were not understood.
Phaistos PROBLEM
Particularly acute problem in deciphering writing Crete made another inscription, the most mysterious and amazing, on a problem which is still puzzling the best minds. This is known as the Phaistos disc. It was found in 1908 by Italian archaeologists in excavations of the royal palace in the city of Festus. In one of the rooms along with it was a clay tablet, written in Linear A. item found is a small disc diameter 15-16 cm and a thickness of about 2 cm on both sides of it covered spiral inscription stamped carefully carved out of a solid material stamps. In the manufacture of the disk used conventional techniques used in ancient times for the production of clay tablets — in crude clay deposited title, and then followed it to the firing kiln. The most interesting thing was to Phaistos disk label on it. She was not like any Cretan hieroglyphs on either Linear A and b. It was a special kind of writing, hitherto unknown. Work on deciphering the Phaistos disk began immediately after its discovery. As the inscription on the disk were not like the Minoan writing, the researchers decided to start looking for signs of external similarity with other known scripts. Signs Phaistos disk compared with Egyptian hieroglyphs, they were referred to a certain North African culture close drevneegipetskoi. A large group of scientists thought the disc from the Festa monument of culture of Asia Minor, as the clay from which it was made, was probably the Anatolian origin. Other scientists on the contrary, felt and clay, and do the writing of local artifacts, the Cretan origin. Tried to read them in Greek and Cypriot language, but too small number of characters, similar to the signs of the Phaistos disc was found in other writing systems. Hence it appeared quite different in content and meaning of his translations. The variety of their high — that religious songs, and ritual or dedicatory inscriptions, edicts about distribution of land plots and planting instructions for the holiday, reports from spies or brief historical chronicle, the winning anthem, the story of the destruction of Atlantis, and more. Discrepancies were so great that scientists have come to understand that all the previously applied methods are unacceptable for solving problems Phaistos. The most suitable is a combinatorial method, which involved all previously known methods in various combinations. However, he was not successful. Combinatorial method allowed to see on the Phaistos disk enumeration of certain proper names and some names. Proper names, obviously, were the names of the Minoan rulers, and place names denote objects geographically-territorial nature. From all this, it was concluded that it is not nothing but a sacred contract or other religious-political act between the rulers of individual cities and the supreme ruler, with a list of their names and possessions. Today it is the interpretation of the inscriptions on the last drive, and as we can see, it is no worse than others, unconvincing and little understood.
However, the use of combinatorial methods allow to draw some conclusions that can serve as a starting point for further research. So, it was noted that the text is often found in the form of a sign of a human head with a cock's comb and pole rotor nose. This symbol of man-cock was an attribute of the supreme deity in Crete and had a solar (sun) cult. It is associated with the image of the ruler. It was further determined that the Phaistos disc writing is not alphabetic or hieroglyphic. It is believed that she had a syllabic character. Attracted the attention of researchers, and the fact that the total number of digits, presumably taken as place names, is 12. In this regard, mention of the archaic tradition in ancient Greece in the form of political associations dvenadtsatigrady. Leaving aside the logical conclusions of authors of the combinatorial method, we have established three things: that the disk is often repeated symbol of the sun, stable groups of twelve signs, and the fact that these characters were not any letters or characters. Comparing these facts, it can be undeniable conclusion — the signs on the Phaistos disk is not the script and try to read them meaningless. And indeed the disk-shaped said otherwise its purpose. For records always used rectangular plate — never round. Then what is it?
HYPOTHESIS MIKHAILOVA
This question with certainty theory meets our compatriot, not the venerable scholar, not a linguist or historian, but just out of town history buff Melenki Vladimir Oblast Vladimir Mikhailov. History is replete with examples of amateurs to deal with these problems, which could not solve even leading figures of science. Undoubtedly, this is one of those cases. V. Mikhailov in the study drew disk mythology of ancient Greece, and it turned out that the disk depicted in certain combinations is not nothing but a constellation! In groups of characters on the disc, he found the constellation Leo, Taurus, Ophiuchus, Aries, Cepheus, Cassiopeia, the Big Dipper, Capricorn and others. True, V. Mikhailov later abandoned this theory and took the example of other useless unravel label on the disc, taking them for writing. But his hypothesis that the Phaistos disk is a stellar guide for sailors, commands respect and attention of every kind. The symbols of the sun, the twelve signs of the zodiac, though not all of them are true attributed Mikhailov, allow such an interpretation is the Phaistos disc.
STAR GUIDE FOR SEAFARERS
Is it possible? Completely. Dated Phaistos disc around 1600 BC. At this time, the island was used Linear A, the scientists who have examined the disk as inscriptions, believed that Linear A and B on the drive letter existed in parallel. The inscription on the disk were religious in nature and was made specially introduced for such cases writing. Clearly, this conclusion does not hold water. Something similar argued against Egyptian hieroglyphics Cleitarchus Alexandria in the III century BC, but its long-debunked assertions brilliant Champollion and his predecessors. Furthermore, the manufacture of the disk falls on overseas sredneminoyskogo (2000-1600 years BC. Oe.) And pozdneminoyskogo (1600-1100 years BC. E.) Period in the history of the island. About 1700, 1660 and 1600 BC. e. on the island of destructive earthquakes occur, resulting in the last drive, and was buried under the debris. Prior to these disasters island inhabits non-Greek population, as has been established, to use non-Greek Linear A. The Greeks came to the island of Crete later in pozdneminoysky period, and used the linear script B. Culture of the island during the production disk has a high level of economic development, architecture, crafts, painting, farming, fishing and hunting. The rulers of Crete were subject to the other islands of the Aegean Sea. Cyprus naval supremacy in the Mediterranean made Crete world power. When Pharaoh Thutmosis III (1525-1473 years BC. E.) Crete equally maintained diplomatic relations with Egypt. On Crete opened sea routes in all directions. Its trade links reached Mesopotamia in the east, in the west of the Pyrenees, the Balkans and Egypt in the north to the south. In addition to this military expansion Cretans covers the coast of Central Greece (siege of Megara), Attica (the military subjugation of Athens), Sicily (landing at the city Kamika), Syria (military settlement). Indonemey, grandson of the legendary King Minos, he fought under the walls of Troy. Clearly the extensive connections of Crete with other lands, to carry because of its geographical position solely by sea, have developed a Cypriot seafarers certain skills and traditions.
In antiquity, the sea voyage, as a rule, in view of the coast, without going to sea. Such an orientation of ancient mariners know us come down to us so-called "Periplus" — descriptions of the coastline, islands, estuaries, distinguishing marks on the banks, the distances between the individual geographical locations, wind directions and sea currents, as well as the harbor and city. In fact, they were lotsiyami, giving valuable information on the Mariners sailing conditions in certain waters. Known Periplus Pripontiyskoy Bithynia, Paphlagonia and full Periplus "Periplus Euxine Pontus" (Black Sea) Arrian 134 years BC. e. Information contained in it, are thought to have accumulated since the end of IV century BC. e. In the Middle Ages such sailing called "portulana-mi" (literally — from port to port). It has all the previously known information displayed on parchment as a map.
Is not so mysterious disk of Phaistos kind portulanom Minoan sailors? Greatest sailors from Crete made their voyage, not only along the coast, but also crossed the sea. And here is another orientation was needed — and it is for the sun and stars. The twelve signs of the zodiac symbol of the sun, plus the disc certainly attest to this. That figure is 12 in antiquity was known as "system 12 winds." She was known in Babylon, Ancient Egypt, India and China. It shared the zodiac into twelve sectors to guide the stars. The scientists concluded that "the system 12 of the winds" existed before the rise of Babylon and is the successor to the more ancient cultures.
Thus, with some confidence, we can say that the Phaistos disk is nothing like a star to guide sailors Minoan II millennium BC. The combination of the zodiac signs and the Sun, along with other symbols to enable them to drive on the high seas to make certain changes of a ship for a particular program and reach your destination, checking for signs of the stars on the disk. Perhaps, the current experts in navigation and astronomy can establish the route of ships, marked on the disc.
Fragment of an ensemble of Knossos Palace
Here it is worth recalling that in 1901, the wreckage of dredge Greek galleys, which sank off the island of Antikireta in the 1st century BC, was discovered a mysterious metal device with a gear transmission. At the National Museum of Athens it was obdledovano professor Derek de Soloy of Yale University. He found that it was a difficult fixture for observing the stars. Charles Hapgood, in his book "Maps of sea kings" refers to this device is the oldest computer. Discovery of the computer in the galley showed that observations of the stars during the voyage were not by eye, and with the help of this device. It is tempting to assume that the Phaistos disk is a part of such a device, something the dangers of modern magnetic or laser disc in the computer. As the characters on the disc in depth, the presence of the gear transmission allows to combine it with a convex array machines and thus to follow the route laid down in advance in this primitive computer.
Day of cosmic history. UFOs. The hidden truth
Artificial underground structures
November 2, 2012 7:51 Video of the lecture was held on October 25 V.
Scientists have discovered a new form of life
October 28, 2012 1:29 Scientists have discovered a new form of life The sensational
UFO flies out of the volcano
Boy — a cat sees in the dark
October 19, 2012 21:33 Boy's name Yuhuy Nong (Nong Youhui). Brought him to the
Prove the existence of aliens on Earth
October 11, 2012 7:05


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Feature Story August 23, 2002
WTO Stands For Worship The Oligarchy
In December of 1998, Krygyzstan became the first Central Asian nation to join the WTO. Hailed as an "island of democracy" and "the Switzerland of Central Asia" by its Western boosters, Kyrgyzstan seemed to have finally joined the family of civilized nations, marching into the gold-lined free market future, leaving behind its former imperial overlord Russia, which at the time was reeling from both economic shock and political instability following the August financial meltdown.
Yet a funny thing happened. Entry into the WTO didn't do a single good thing for Kyrgyzstan. In fact, in the 3-1/2 years since joining, the country's economy, which was one of the best performing in the region until then, slowed dramatically to the point of contraction this year, its debt ballooned and foreign investment has practically disappeared. The WTO-enforced liberalization of the economy meant that neighboring autocratic regimes like Uzbekistan, which violate neo-liberal orthodoxy by subsidizing industry, have since undercut the Kyrgyz and devastated local industry.
Worse still, its experiment with democracy, which according to the dogma preached by fundamentalist neo-liberals like Michael McFaul is supposed to walk hand-in-hand with free markets, has, since joining the WTO, been abandoned for the usual Central Asian autocracy. The New York-based Committee to Protect Journalists recently chose Kyrgyzstan as one of the 10 worst places for a journalist to work in the world due to government harassment. President Askar Akayev brutally cracked down on the opposition and arrested his critics, leading to a massive rebellion in the south this year in a nation known for its once-docile population.
Kazakhstan, which is not a member of the WTO, is the fastest growing economy in Central Asia, followed by Uzbekistan, also not a member. Is the World Trade Organization to blame for Kyrgyzstan's problems?
Who knows, although one thing is for sure: if the economy had boomed over the past three years, you can bet that all the WTO boosters would have been frantically batting out pro-WTO "see, I toldja so!" editorials pointing to Kyrgyzstan as proof of their model's success. As it is, they're today oddly silent.
The other ex-Soviet states which managed to join the WTO are Georgia, Moldova and the Baltics. The stats there don't paint a very tempting picture for joining the WTO either. Georgia joined some three years ago. USAID's web site brags that it had helped Georgia, which barely has an economy or even a state to mention, join the WTO: "USAID played a large role in Georgia's successful accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). [. . . ] WTO accession in October 1999 was a major benchmark for Georgia, further integrating the country with the world market and at the same time making Georgia more attractive for foreign investors. "
The jaw-dropping result of Georgia's accession into the WTO is that Georgia's economy grew 2% in 2000, 4.5% in 2001, and looks set to fall to the 2-3% range this year. Foreign investment has fallen by a third since joining the WTO. By contrast, Caucasus neighbors Armenia and Azerbaidjan, neither of which have made it into the WTO, have grown in the 10% range for each of the past three years.
Did politics have anything to do with Georgia's accession? Let's ask ourselves this: does a transnational oil company shit in the woods? There's your answer.
Moldova, the poorest country in Europe next to Albania (another WTO member), joined the WTO last summer after a decade of being the IMF darlings -- and its own population's nightmare. That decade saw Moldova become the basket case of Europe, whose only export became shipping its girls into war zones with a large international peacekeeping presence. Around the same time that Moldova was accepted into the WTO, it became the first ex-Soviet republic to democratically re-install the Communist Party into power as a reaction against the very neoliberal policies that the WTO demands. While Moldova's economy has continued to shrink as fast as its population, non-WTO member Ukraine, which should be even more of a basket case, has actually seen its industrial output soar.
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Field Guide To Moscow: Meretrica Provincialis :


As previously announced, a Symposium marking the 100th anniversary of the birth of S. Chandrasekhar will be held on the University of Chicago campus, October 15-17, 2010. The Symposium has now received a small amount of funding from the NSF to pay the travel costs of junior participants (assistant professors, postdocs, and graduate students) who are U.S. scientists. Applications and instructions can be found by going to the Chandra Symposium website (chandra100.uchicago.edu) and clicking on the "Travel" tab. The application deadline is September 1, 2010.


I'm super excited to announce today's release of A HOLIDAY PROMISE box set from The Wild Rose Press. Filled with six full length novels centering around the winter holidays, WRP authors, Tammy L. Bailey, Robin Weaver, Misty Simon, Lori Waters, Carol Henry and moi.
Each of these books is a great read. All 6 combined?? A fabulous gift for yourself or the romance reader and lover on your Holiday Gift list!


(AP) — One of Chicago Mayor Rahm Emanuel's top aides is leaving his administration next month.
Lisa Schrader has been both chief of staff and chief operating officer during Emanuel's first term. Before that, she worked for former Mayor Richard Daley's administration for a decade.
According to Emanuel's office on Monday, Schrader is leaving to follow opportunities in the private sector.
In a statement, Emanuel says he's sorry to see Schrader go, adding she was reliable during her time in his administration.
Schrader says in the same statement that it's been an honor to work for the city. She says she's ready for a new chapter.
Emanuel won a second term earlier this month after beating Cook County Commissioner Jesus "Chuy" Garcia in Chicago's first mayoral runoff election.


Let your programs get starstruck with our newest innovation yet. Caliplosion Calibrachoa gives your program a boom with a profusion of perfect purple petals. Use Caliplosion in combination baskets with other vivid color popping annuals.
Please note: Plug plants in this range are available from week 10 to week 16 only. When placing your order you will need to select a week number (Even numbered weeks only). If no number is selected the default week number will be week 10.
Calibrochoa Calisplosion Purple Height: 6-12"


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Volvo Trucks' new range - One step closer to its vision of zero accidents
Electric heavy duty trucks | Volvo Trucks
Volvo Trucks launches the new Volvo FH | Volvo Trucks
Volvo Trucks takes its most robust construction truck | Volvo Trucks
Heavy-duty trucks with the driver in focus | Volvo Trucks
Volvo Trucks introduces the new Volvo FH16 | Volvo Trucks
Volvo Trucks introduces the new Volvo FM | Volvo Trucks
Volvo launches four new trucks | Volvo Trucks
Volvo Trucks has launched a new European heavy duty truck range that comes with innovative safety features, improved visibility and a human centric driver environment that minimizes distractions to improve safety for all road users.
"A continuously increasing need for transport around the world means that safety is more important than ever," says Anna Wrige Berling, Traffic and Product Safety Director at Volvo Trucks. "Safety is in the Volvo DNA and the safety features of our new truck range reflect our commitment to increasing safety for all road users."
Improved visibility
The new cab of the Volvo FM and Volvo FMX comes with a number of improvements in driver visibility, including larger windows, a lowered door line and new rear view mirrors. The visibility can be further improved by the addition of a passenger corner camera that gives a complementary view of the side of the truck on a 9-inch side display. The camera is also available on the Volvo FH and Volvo FH16.
On all of the vehicles the side display can be used to monitor up to eight cameras, four of them simultaneously, giving the driver an easily accessible view of both the truck and the surrounding environment.
Industry first safety feature: Adaptive high beam headlights
The new Volvo FH is the world's first heavy duty truck with adaptive high beam headlights. The system is engineered to increase visibility and improve safety for all road users by automatically switching off selected segments of the LED high beam when the truck approaches oncoming traffic or another vehicle from behind. The high beam is adjusted when the camera and radar detects other vehicles or when the camera detects changes in the amount of light around the truck.
New and improved active safety features
The Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) on the new truck range now works at all speeds, even down to zero km/h. The Electronically controlled Brake System (EBS), which is a prerequisite for safety features such as Collision Warning with Emergency Brake and Electronic Stability Control, now comes as standard on all trucks within the new product range. The trucks also come with downhill cruise control that automatically activates the wheel brakes when extra brake force is needed to maintain constant downhill speed.
Volvo Dynamic Steering, with safety enhancing systems Lane Keeping Assist and Stability Assist, is also available as an option. Lane Keeping Assist helps avoid unintentional lane departure by detecting any drift towards lane markings, notifying the driver through a vibration on the steering wheel and gently intervening to steer the truck back into the center of the lane. Stability Assist helps in maintaining traction on slippery surfaces by automatically counter steering the truck to help the driver maintain control of the vehicle. The system is especially useful when driving on low-friction roads, uphill or during cornering.
Safety is further improved by the road sign recognition system that is able to detect road signs such as overtaking restrictions, road type and speed limits.
"The new range comes packed with advanced safety technologies which, when combined with the right driver behaviour, can help us get one step closer to our vision of zero accidents," concludes Anna Wrige Berling.
LINK to additional product releases


JustLeadershipUSA is a national nonpartisan membership advocacy organization led by Glenn E. Martin, a national leader and criminal justice reform advocate. JLUSA aims to cut the US prison population in half by 2030 by elevating the voice of Americans impacted by crime and incarceration and positioning them as informed, empowered reform partners.
Glenn wanted his new brand to feel impactful right out of the gate. Our mission was to create a brand identity that represents the "New America." It needed to feel clean, inspiring, and patriotic without leaning too heavily on traditional symbols. The JL monogram design conveys upward movement with it's triangular composition. It's end points deliberately represent the three pillars (Advocacy, Leadership and Membership) of the JLUSA foundation. Magenta was chosen as the brands definitive color against the stark contrast of black and white in an effort to immediately separate this new brand from similar grassroots organizations.


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Susan Holloway Scott is the author of more than forty historical novels and novellas. Writing under her own name as well as Miranda Jarrett, her bestselling books have received numerous awards and honors. With more than three million copies of her books in print, she has been published in nineteen countries around the world. Her most recent historical novels have been set in seventeenth-century England, in the decadent, politically charged court of King Charles II, and all have been Historical Novels Review Editors' Choice titles. She is a graduate of Brown University, and lives with her family outside of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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text:
Things A Loser Never Does in Life
You must have seen movies about losers who just don't seem to accomplish anything in life. Do you want to be that loser? Of course, you want to be a winner in life. Why would you want to act like a gullible fool? Here are some things that a loser …
Lottery payouts are bit of a gamble
PUNTERS' chances of winning on the Irish National Lottery vary hugely depending on which of the main nine types of game they play.
Lottery app offers cash for watching ads
Commercials can feel like the scourge of the internet — they waste precious time while you wait for the page you want to view — but watching them could win you £1,000.
Irish lottery down on its luck as sales fall
Sales of various lottery games fell by 8 per cent in 2014 as the National Lottery reported a drop in revenue across most of its products.
£1m ruined the past three years, says lottery winner
Cloe Gomez November 4, 2016
Britain's youngest Euromillions winner has blamed Camelot for the stress and worry it caused her after she won £1 million at 17. Jane Park, now 21, has called for the minimum age for the lottery to be raised to 18.


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If you are interested, simply fill in the 'Contact Us' form and let us know a bit about yourselves!


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Circular Quay
Area of Sydney's central business district that surrounds the quays built on reclaimed land from the 1830s.
-33.86122184063587, 151.210840880849
Comprises
East Circular Quay
{"name":"Part of","target":"East Circular Quay","target_text":null,"date":{"#markup":"<\/span>"},"date_start":null,"date_end":null}
{"name":"Locality","target":"","target_text":null,"date":{"#markup":"<\/span>"},"date_start":null,"date_end":null}
The area that is now East Circular Quay was quickly seen as the governor's side of Sydney Cove after colonisation in 1788. The first house built on the point belonged to Bennelong. When the semi-circular quay was constructed from 1837, the eastern side of the bay was used as a quarry. From the 1860s, wool stores and warehouses were built that dominated the landscape until after World War II, when taller buildings were allowed.
Arabanoo Assassination attempt on Prince Alfred 1868 Bray, James Samuel Busby's Bore Buses Cadman's cottage Cahill Expressway Camellia Cazneaux, Harold Celebrating St Patrick's Day in nineteenth-century Sydney City Underground Cremorne Point Culture and customs Dawes Point Dulwich Hill East Circular Quay Economy Education Department Art Gallery Electrification of the Sydney Suburban Train Network Ferries First Government House General Post Office Glebe Coroner's Court Goat Island Goldsbrough Mort & Co Greenwich International Eucharistic Congress 1928 Irish in Sydney from First Fleet to Federation Italians King's Dockyard L'Estrange, Henri Lawson, Louisa Lightfoot, Louise Lindsay, Norman Lindt Café Siege 2014 Macquarie Place Macquarie lighthouse McKenzie, Violet Milsons Point Moore Steps Moore, Charles Museum of Contemporary Art New Year's Eve North Turramurra Northbridge Planning Plummer, George Public lavatories Q Theatre Reading the roads Second Fleet commemoration plaque, The Rocks Selfe, Norman Shopping Smallpox epidemic 1881 Sydney Sydney Harbour: A Cultural Landscape Sydney Technical College Sydney rock oysters The Biennale of Sydney The Domain The Museum of Contemporary Art Australia The Railways of Sydney: Shaping the City and its Commerce The Rocks The Soldiers Riot of 1916 The Tank Stream The Workers' Educational Association in the post-war era The decorated footpath The end of transportation Trams Transport War Memorials to World War II and later conflicts Water Waterloo Tanning School Wyatt, Annie Yarra Bay House
Transport hubs Wharves
Circular Quay 1965
City of Sydney Archives
[044/044385]
(Len Stone / Vic Solomons Collection: 397)
Area on the eastern shore of Sydney Cove to Bennelong Point.
Ashton, Paul
Paul Ashton is Associate Professor of Public History and Co-Director of the Australian Centre for Public History at the University of Technology, Sydney
Customs House, Circular Quay undated
[hall_34787 / Home and Away 34787]
Sydney Cove, Port Jackson March 1788
The position of the encampment and buildings are as they stood 1 March 1788. The Transports are placed in the Cove as Moored on their arrival.
William Bradley
[Safe 1/14, 7]
(William Bradley charts from his journal `A Voyage to New South Wales', ca. 1802)
Sketch of Sydney Cove, Port Jackson in the County of Cumberland New South Wales July 1788, T Medland sculp, coastline by W Dawes, ...
Thomas Medland
[Rex Nan Kivell Collection Map NK 2456/124]
(from: Arthur Phillip, Voyage of Governor Phillip to Botany Bay ..., London, John Stockdale, 1789)
Sydney - Capital New South Wales c1800
[a1528055 / DG 56]
(Dixson Galleries)
Sydney c1802
Giuseppe Antonelli
(from 'Galleria universale di tutti i popoli del mondo'. vol III. Venice, 1838-1842)
Sydney from the western side of the Cove c1803
George William Evans (attributed)
[a1528462 / XV1/1803/1]
Detail from Meehan's Plan of Sydney showing developments around Sydney Cove 1807
Some of the buildings shown include:
13: James Underwood; 14: Grant to Orphans; 67: Simon Lord; 68 Thomas Randall; 69: Wm Chapman; 70 Thomas Reibie
James Meehan
[MAP F 105A (detail)]
(Plan of the town of Sydney in New South Wales / by Jas. Meehan, assistant surveyor of Lands by order of His Excellency Governor Bligh, 31st October 1807)
View of the west side of the Cove c1809
[V1 / ca. 1809 / 1]
The entrance of Port Jackson, and part of the town of Sydney, New South Wales c1821
Major James Taylor
[a2916001 / V1/ca.1821/4]
(Plate 1 of 'Panoramic views of Port Jackson', c1821, drawn by Major James Taylor, engraved by R. Havell & Sons, published in London 1823)
North View of Sydney New South Wales, taken from the North Shore 1822
Joseph Lycett
[a928339 / DG V1 / 78]
Detail showing the area around the mouth of the Tank Stream from panoramic view of Sydney 1829
Key:- 27: St Phillips; 28: Sydney Hotel; 29: Chief Justices; 30: Colonial Secretary's; 31: Orphan School; 32: Sydney Gazette Office; 33: Military Hospital; 34: Fort Philip; 35: Blue Mountains; 36: Mr Underwood's; 37: Bank of Australia; 38: Gaol; 39: Australian Agricultural Company; 40: Governor's House; 41: Commissariat store, Kings Wharf & Dock
Robert Burford
[Panorama of Sydney, NSW, in the year 1829 as painted by Robert Burford and exhibited in Leicester Square, London, DG XV1A / 2 (detail)]
Frederick Garling
[a128237 / DG V1A/28]
Manuscript map of allotments of between Pitt, Albert streets, and Reibey Lane, and between Macquarie and Castlereagh streets, adjacent ...
[Maps/0255]
(Mitchell Map Collection)
Custom House and part of Circular Wharf, Sydney NSW, 1845
George Edwards Peacock
[DG 38]
(Dixon Galleries)
Sydney Cove c1845
Harriot Anley
[a928398 / ML 374]
Custom House and Circular Quay 1845
Circular Quay c1854
[ML 88]
Dawson's Foundry at Circular Quay c1854
(Detail of 'Circular Quay' )
Front page of Government Gazette 7 July 1854
[New South Wales Government Gazette 7 July 1854 p 1 via Trove]
Detail of plan of the City of Sydney showing the wooden bridge over the Tank Stream 1855
[City of Sydney - Detail Plans, 1855: Sheet 4 (01/01/1855 - 31/12/1855) (detail)]
(A-00880178)
The Cornstalk Polka 1857
George Thornton
[nla.mus-an6340858]
(Published Sydney : J.R. Clarke)
Circular Quay, looking west 1859
Edwin Dalton
[a1621008 / ON 235, 8]
Plan of proposed site for a sailors home, Parish of St. Phillip, City of Sydney NSW c1863
Edward James Howes Knapp
(traced by Edward H. Davies [from a map by] E. Knapp Jr., licensed surveyor.)
Great Victoria and ferry Waratah at Circular Quay 1866
Image courtesy of the
State Library of Victoria
[H91.325/320]
Circular Quay on Anniversary Day 1866
John Rider Roberts
[SV1/HAR/CIRC/4]
Taking Edinburgh by Storm - or the Prince cannonaded by Photographers 1867
(Sydney Punch, October 5, 1867, p 155)
The Custom House, Albert Street, Circular Quay 1869-1875
[SPF / 252]
Moore Stairs, between Talbot Wool Stores at East Circular Quay 1870
[GPO1 05308]
Mort's Stores, Circular Quay c1870
Charles Percy Pickering
[SPF/765]
Custom House, Sydney c1880
John Henry Harvey
[ H92.150/135]
Memo from City Health Officer GF Dansey about condition of the Dead House, Circular Quay, 1879
[Letters Received, Vol 155 (21/01/1879 - 18/02/1879)]
(26/155/062)
Detail showing Circular Quay from Dove's Plan of Sydney 1880
H Percy Dove
[Plans of Sydney (Doves), 1880: Map 1 - Blocks 1, 2, 3, 4 (Detail), CRS150/1]
Imports Supplement to the Illustrated Sydney News July 1882
[Poster 1725]
(Illustrated Sydney News, July 1882, Mitchell Library)
Share View of Circular Quay looking north west, Sydney c1885
State Archives & Records New South Wales
[4481_a026_000710]
Wool Stores, Circular Quay c1890s
Kerry & Co
Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences
[85/1284-1585]
(Tyrrell Photographic Collection)
Atlas of the Suburbs of Sydney - City of Sydney 1889-1894
Higinbotham & Robinson
Well done NSW, God speed: departure of New South Wales Contingent for Sudan war from Circular Quay 3 March 1885
[a1528402 / SV/29]
Railway to the Circular Quay c1890
Alfred Clint
[V* / Cart / 2]
Mort & Co Building, corner of Phillip, Alfred and Young Streets, Circular Quay c1890
City of Sydney 1888 (a birdseye view)
MS Hill
(Historical Atlas of Sydney)
Detail of birdseye view of Sydney, showing the Bridge Street tram yard 1888
[M3 811.17s/1888/1]
(Detail from 'The City of Sydney [a bird's-eye view]' 1888)
[85/1286-21]
[ H2009.100/516]
Tram to Central Station at Circular Quay c1898
Albert James Perier
[perier_34450 / Home and Away 34450]
Horse-drawn omnibus, Circular Quay c1900
National Archives of Australia
[C4078, N7373]
Phillip Street, north of Bridge Street. Old oak tree [believed to have been planted in the first Government House garden] c1900 ...
Ethel Foster
[ON 146/61a]
Man reading newspaper on deck of ferry approaching Circular Quay, 1906
Harold Cazneaux
By kind permission of the
Cazneaux family
[nla.pic-an23242011]
Circular Quay, eastern end c1907-10
Goldsbrough Mort, Circular Quay c1925
Eleanor Georgina Shaw
[Item 72 : Sydney scenes, 192-, 3]
Untitled XIX, from the series 'Building the Sydney Harbour Bridge' c1930
Henri Mallard
Australian Centre for Photography
(Credit line: image courtesy of The Henri Mallard Collection: the Australian Centre for Photography and Paul Mallard)
Circular Quay ferry terminal, looking north to Observatory Hill 1930s
Charles Eden Wellings
RMS Strathnaven at the overseas passenger terminal Circular Quay 19 March 1932
(SRC12229. Originally CRS 44/86.)
Artist's impression in the 1930s of the Lowell delivering ice at Circular Quay in 1855
Edgar A Holloway
[SPF-Circular Quay, 1855 (5)]
Morning passengers leave the Manly ferry, Circular Quay, c1946-1949
[a390002 / PXA 907 Box 22, 16]
Construction of the railway at Circular Quay March 1948
Circular Quay East towards Bennelong Point 1961
Wolfgang Sievers
[nla.pic-an14156306-9]
Alfred Street, Circular Quay 1962
[NSCA CRS 48/2877]
Town planning model of Circular Quay 1963
[SRC4418]
Double decker and single decker buses on layover at Circular Quay East 14 December 1968
[A-01078944]
(John Ward Transport Collection)
Moore Steps, leading up from Circular Quay to Macquarie Street 7 March 1973
(NSCA CRS 871, City Engineers Photographs II, 1967-1973)
Moore Steps linking Circular Quay & Macquarie Street 1989
(NSCA CRS 1035, Central Sydney Heritage Inventory Photographs, 1989)
Puppy by Jeff Koons, Museum of Contemporary Art, The Rocks 1996
Jeannie (JIGGS IMAGES) Fletcher
[http://www.flickr.com/photos/41188800@N00/2586369001/]
(JIGGS IMAGES) (CC BY-NC 2.0)
Paving representing the old shoreline of Sydney Cove outside Customs House, c1998
[019\019859]
The city to the south 2005
Image courtesy of
Airview
[0510-2713-03]
The Rocks and Circular Quay 15 September 2003
Millers Point and Dawes Point 2008
Sydney harbour and Museum of Contemporary Art 14 August 2009
Mark Sze
[https://www.flickr.com/photos/marksze/3821051378]
((CC BY-NC-ND 2.0))
Construction of the AMP Building 1961
Assassination attempt on Prince Alfred 1868
In 1868, Henry O'Farrell tried to shoot the visiting Duke of Edinburgh, Prince Alfred, second son of Queen Victoria. Although the prince was only slightly wounded, the event set off a rash of anti-Irish feeling in Sydney, and O'Farrell was hanged in record time. Sydney's Royal Prince Alfred Hospital is a reminder of the event.
Busby's Bore
Part of the new water system designed by John Busby in the 1820s, Busby's Bore was a major piece of engineering infrastructure for the city, and supplied a population of 20,000 with 1.5 million litres of water per day.
Horse-drawn buses were Sydney's most extensive transport system from the 1860s until the 1890s, when electric trams became more popular. Motor buses expanded their networks between the wars, and electric trolley buses ran on some routes. In the 1950s, trams were phased out, and buses remain Sydney's main road-based public transport.
Cadman's cottage
Possibly designed by Francis Greenway, Cadman's cottage housed John Cadman, government coxswain, from 1827 until 1845. It was subsequently used by the Water Police and the Sydney Sailors' Home, and is now a museum.
Cahill Expressway
Controversial from its inception, the Cahill Expressway seemed necessary in the 1950s to alleviate city traffic congestion. Repeated calls for its demolition have been unsuccessful.
Home of the Burramattagal clan, the area that became Camellia was full of game, birds and fish from the Duck River. When the Europeans came, they farmed with mixed success until Silas Sheather set up Camellia Grove nursery in 1852, breeding new varieties. By 1901, when the suburb was named Camellia, the river and railway had brought heavy industry, and suburban houses for workers in the factories. Much of the suburb has since been redeveloped.
Cazneaux, Harold
Born in New Zealand and raised in Adelaide, Harold Cazneaux became one of Sydney's pre-eminent photographers, documenting its changing face and different moods.
Once a camping, fishing and ceremonial place for the Cammeraygal people, Cremorne Point was granted to James Robertson in the 1830s and later sold to James Milson. Cremorne pleasure gardens were built there, opening in 1856, with visitors arriving by ferry. From 1903, houses were built, and apartments in the interwar years, as well as guesthouses for holidaymakers. The foreshore was preserved for the public and now has parks, pools and walking tracks.
Culture and customs
Sydney's pre-industrial culture was comprehensive and public, and most European inhabitants were players, performers or spectators. After 1850, distinct but overlapping cultures emerged, imported and adapted from Europe and America. New forms of cultural transmission after World War I enabled the elaboration of new cultures based on ethnicity, age and gender, which have combined to produce Sydney's cultural diversity.
Known to its Cadigal traditional owners as Ta-Ra, the land that became Dawes Point was Sydney's first observatory and weather station, run by William Dawes. It was fortified to a Greenway design and remained government land. In 1925 part of the fort was demolished for the Sydney Harbour Bridge and most of the land became Dawes Point Park.
Traditionally owned by the Cadigal people, the land that became Dulwich Hill was granted to early colonists Thomas Moore and James Bloodworth in the 1790s. Later owned by Robert Wardell, it was known as Wardell's Bush. By the 1860s Chinese market gardens and orchards, as well as small brickworks and potteries dotted the landscape. Subdivision took place in the 1900s after the railway and electric trams came through, and residential density has continued to rise with the building of units for the suburb's diverse population.
With the arrival of Europeans, the traditional economy of Aboriginal clans was disrupted, and gave way to the convict economy of the Commissariat and government stores. But this closed economy was soon opened by free settlement, whaling and sealing, shipping and farming success, making Sydney the port for a vast hinterland. Depressions and booms alternated, bringing poverty and prosperity to the city. Sydney's growth and diversity mean that regional economies now exist within the Sydney region.
As a harbour and river-based city, Sydney has relied on ferries from the earliest days of the colony's history. In the twentieth century, faster road transport reduced the usage of ferries, but they remain a feature of Sydney life.
First Government House
A two-storey brick house, Government House was the most impressive building in the early colony. It was not well-built however, and required frequent repairs. Plans to replace it were first suggested in 1817, but the new Government House was not completed until 1845.
From convict beginnings, the General Post Office was to re-emerge in the 1860s in Italian Renaissance grandeur when James Barnet created an enduring centrepiece for Sydney.
Goldsbrough Mort & Co
By 1838 wool was Australia's main export, and auctioneer Thomas Mort's wool stores grew rapidly as a major presence in Ultimo and Pyrmont.
There were Italians in Sydney before the proclamation of Italy in 1861 and stonemasons, fishermen, market gardeners and manufacturers have left their mark on the city. Expanded Italian immigration after World War II brought a strong sense of community and culture that has enriched and enlivened Sydney's cuisine and city life.
King's Dockyard
Built on the western shore of Circular Quay, King's Dockyard was the centre of the boom in boatbuilding between 1803 and 1807 and played its part in the use of native timbers in English naval yards. Its demise after 36 years reflected the end of the era of wooden ships.
Lightfoot, Louise
A trained architect who became a dancer and teacher, Louise Lightfoot made major contributions to two forms of dance, classical ballet and Indian dance. She founded the First Australian Ballet, and later was an advocate, teacher and entrepreneur of Indian dance forms.
Lindsay, Norman
Lured to Sydney by the editor of The Bulletin, Norman Lindsay later found fame as a painter, etcher and writer. His daring images and bohemian reputation made him notable in staid Sydney, and his home at Springwood has, since his death, become one of Australia's most visited house museums.
Macquarie lighthouse
Early colonial Sydney relied on the safe arrival of ships bringing goods and supplies into the harbor and the construction of lighthouses has a long history. Today a Sydney landmark, the Macquarie lighthouse still stands proud and tall against the dramatic beauty of South Head.
Macquarie Place
In the early nineteenth century Macquarie Place was the administrative and business hub of Sydney. Today traces of its long history can be found in the monuments, relics and old trees which still remain.
Offering some of the most beautiful views of the city, this small enclave, just north of the Sydney Harbour Bridge, has a long and intimate link with the Harbour and the ways people have travelled across it.
Housed in an Art Deco building constructed for the Maritime Services Board in the 1940s, the Museum of Contemporary Art is based on the Power collection of contemporary art, gathered by John Power, and maintained at the University of Sydney until premises could be found for it.
From an accidental city without a plan, Sydney has become a city with many plans. The early town grew without controls, but later governments tried to regulate building and development, and keep up with necessary services and infrastructure. From 1900, resumptions, zoning and regulation were used to shape the city and its suburbs.
Plummer, George
Otherwise unknown, George Plummer owned the name 'Sydney Symphony Orchestra', until the ABC bought it from him in 1937. An earlier group by that name had formed in 1908 and gave performances until 1914.
Public lavatories
Taken for granted in modern cities, public toilets are a relatively recent improvement. From the 1880s, Sydney authorities began to provide public conveniences for men, and later women, in order to improve street cleanliness and behaviour.
Reading the roads
At the beginning of the twentieth century, most of the streets of inner Sydney had been sealed and their hard grey surfaces lay like an empty slate waiting to be written on. Lines to regulate traffic were the first messages to appear on the paving, but traffic authorities are not the only scribes to write on the roadway. Others have left public announcements, private messages, slogans, jokes and artworks.
The early colony's closed economy, with limited currency and reliance on government rations, did not foster a retail culture, but it soon developed as the city moved beyond its prison status. At first dealing in necessities of life, Sydney's shops became more elaborate and diverse over time, and as elsewhere, department stores and shopping malls developed new kinds of shopping and consumption.
Smallpox epidemic 1881
Starting with a small Chinese child in The Rocks, the smallpox epidemic of 1881-82 had large consequences for the Chinese community who were further reviled and restricted and for the dozens of Sydneysiders quarantined for months at North Head. Despite the relative mildness of the outbreak, fear was rife, and the epidemic led to an overhaul of the colony's health regulations.
Sydney rock oysters
Gathered by Aboriginal people for thousands of years before the Europeans arrived, Sydney oysters became a farmed product in the 1870s and remain a popular seafood.
The end of transportation
By the late 1840s, a strong political movement to end the convict system had formed in Sydney. Large pastoralists fought to keep their supply of cheap labour, but by 1850 the tide had turned, and no more convicts were transported to Sydney.
Called Tallawoladah by the Cadigal, The Rocks was the convicts' side of town after Europeans arrived, and kept some of its unruly, disreputable air into the twentieth century. Residents' action saved it from destruction in the 1970s, and now a tourist attraction, The Rocks miraculously escaped both high-rise and grid.
Trams had a rocky start in Sydney, with the first tracks laid upside down, causing many accidents and leading to their removal. The International Exhibition of 1879 brought trams back to Sydney and a network was built that became one of the world's largest at its greatest extent in 1922. Economic and social changes after World War II led to the dismantling of the network, with the last tram running in 1961.
Sydney's transport has been shaped by the geography of the city, changing economic and social needs, technological limitations and advances, and political considerations. From walking tracks and animal haulage to the commuting city of today, transport has also shaped the city itself, opening up new areas and choking others. Carts, ferries, trains, trams, buses and cars have all figured in Sydney's transport history.
Wyatt, Annie
Wyatt was a tireless advocate for heritage protection and conservation who believed that women could make a difference in community issues. She helped found the National Trust and save some of Sydney's most iconic buildings.
Selfe, Norman
Engineer, naval architect, inventor, urban visionary and advocate of technical education, Norman Selfe was one of Sydney's most energetic and civic-minded citizens. His vision for Sydney included a harbour crossing decades before the Harbour Bridge was built, and an independent system of technical education long before the advent of TAFE. During his lifetime, his efforts were not successful, but many of his innovative ideas were later realised.
Sydney Technical College
From its beginnings as an adjunct to the Sydney Mechanics' School of Arts, Sydney Technical College provided the technical skills needed for Sydney's industrial development, as well as accessible and affordable higher and further education for Sydney's working people.
Set aside as part of the Governor's demesne by Governor Phillip, the Domain was formalised by Governor Macquarie in 1816, and has been a people's park, cultural precinct and the scene of political action and dissent ever since.
McKenzie, Violet
A pioneer in Australian radio and electrical engineering, Violet McKenzie had a lifetime commitment to technical education and training, especially for women.
The decorated footpath
Paved footpaths are a familiar feature of our urban environment. Whether taking a purposeful walk, a social stroll, or a healthy jog, we expect the footpath to be there, providing a safe and sturdy platform beneath our feet. But pavements should not be dismissed as simply utilitarian.
Lawson, Louisa
Writer, publisher, inventor and activist, Louisa Lawson influenced Sydney life at the turn of the twentieth century in many ways. At her death, she was called 'the mother of womanhood suffrage in New South Wales'.
Arabanoo
One of the first Aboriginal people to meet the Europeans at close quarters, Arabanoo taught them much about the customs and manners of his country, but died in the smallpox epidemic of 1789 which was so deadly to Sydney's first people.
Education Department Art Gallery
Built as part of the Education Department's fine building in Bridge Street during World War I, the gallery hosted Australian artists' work for more than five decades.
Inhabited by the Terramerragal people until Europeans arrived, the area that became North Turramurra was first called Irish town. Suburban development was slow, because of limited transport and services, until after World War II.
Founded by Europeans as a social experiment, Sydney's beginnings brought death and dispossession to the original inhabitants of the place, as well as surprising freedom and prosperity to many of the convicts. Over its history, the city's growth has been shaped by factors that are common to many cities, but also by unique forces. In the twenty-first century, for the first time, the idea of sustainable progress is itself in doubt.
L'Estrange, Henri
Aeronaut and funambulist, L'Estrange was one of the daring performers attempting unheard-of feats in Sydney during the 1870s and 1880s. Though not always successful, his exploits were usually both exciting and spectacular.
Finding and securing enough water for Sydney's needs has been a challenge since the arrival of the Europeans in 1788, and over two centuries water supply has prompted some of the largest engineering schemes undertaken in Sydney.
Now one of Sydney's favourite public occasions, New Year's Eve was hardly celebrated before the late nineteenth century, when reliable lighting made outdoor night time revelry safer and more inviting. Sydney's celebrations have moved about the city and taken different forms over time.
Waterloo Tanning School
Set up as part of Sydney Technical College, the Tanning School aimed to raise the skill level of leatherworkers, so that the local industry could compete with higher quality imported goods. In the end the school outlived Sydney's leather industry, and closed in 1999.
From its beginnings as a rural and maritime village built on the traditional lands of the Cammeraygal people, Greenwich developed as roads and water connections improved, into a prosperous, leafy commuter suburb.
Moore, Charles
Irish-born, Charles Moore arrived in Sydney as a draper, and rose to public office as Mayor and a member of parliament.
International Eucharistic Congress 1928
A huge celebration of international Catholicism, the International Eucharistic Congress was held in Sydney in 1928, coinciding with the consecration of the newly finished St Mary's Cathedral. Despite Protestant disquiet and fears of sectarian conflict, the Congress was a peaceful success, with large crowds attending its public events.
Sydney Harbour: A Cultural Landscape
Known worldwide for its beauty, Sydney Harbour has been a source of inspiration for thousands of years. First Aboriginal, then European peoples settled the shores, naming and renaming the coves, headlands and points. Artists and writers have explored the harbour's people, landscape, animals and plants. As Sydney has grown and changed, the harbour surrounding the city has evolved from a working waterway into a one of leisure and entertainment. Parts of the old working waterfront, once dismissed as redundant, have become case studies of adaptive reuse with vibrant cultural precincts emerging along the harbour foreshore.
Goat Island
Goat Island stands tall and proud in the centre of Sydney Harbour. It has many traces of heritage left over from the convict and industrial past.
The Museum of Contemporary Art Australia
Since opening in the old Maritime Services Board building at Sydney Cove in 1991, the Museum of Contemporary Art has taken its place among other Sydney's icons. Located on one of Sydney's, and indeed Australia's, most historically laden sites, the MCA brought contemporary art to the city at a moment when Sydney saw that the living dreams of present-day artists were part of its busy life.
The Biennale of Sydney
Spanning multiple venues from the Art Gallery of New South Wales, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Cockatoo Island and the Museum of Contemporary Art, The Biennale of Sydney embraces the city as physical space and cultural landscape. As sites to be celebrated, explored and culturally excavated, the exhibitions have become as much a celebration of how visitors experience Sydney as how audiences experience art.
Yarra Bay House
Yarra Bay House, originally built at La Perouse as a cable station, served as a NSW Government children's home from around 1917 until the 1980s. Since 1984 it has been owned by the La Perouse Local Aboriginal Land Council and has been the hub of the La Perouse Aboriginal community.
Q Theatre
The Q Theatre began in 1963, in the theatrette of the AMP Building at Circular Quay. Its philosophy of bringing theatre to the people, with adventurous productions and training, was inspired by English theatrical traditions. The Q found a permanent home in Penrith in 1975 and has introduced generations of Sydney and western suburbs audiences to challenging international and local theatre, while supporting and training playwrights, directors and actors.
War Memorials to World War II and later conflicts
While memorials honouring the dead of the Great War were adapted to mark the sacrifice of those lost in World War II, the losses of a new generation led to innovations in memorialisation. Those who died on active service in Sydney, and those lost in conflicts Malaya, Korea, Borneo and Vietnam are remembered in new memorials in the city and suburbs, and along the road to Canberra. Women, prisoners-of-war and recipients of the Victoria Cross are also memorialised in Sydney.
The Railways of Sydney: Shaping the City and its Commerce
Across the world, steam railways and electric tramways facilitated the expansion of the small cities of pre-industrial times into vast metropolises. This essay explores the role of railways in shaping the Sydney metropolis we know today.
The Tank Stream
The Tank Stream, Australia's first water supply, was a series of tanks cut into the sandstone along the sides of a freshwater stream in Sydney Cove. Although abandoned as a water source by 1826, the technology of the Tank Stream and its name were shaped by the experience of British officers in India.
Northbridge, a suburb of Willoughby City Council that borders Middle Harbour on Sydney's north shore, is named for its suspension bridge, Long Gully Bridge, which was first opened in 1892. This article outlines the history of its development.
Second Fleet commemoration plaque, The Rocks
A small plaque near Cadman's Cottage in The Rocks is the only Sydney memorial to the arrival of the second group of colonists to enter Port Jackson.
The Soldiers Riot of 1916
On 14 February 1916 soldiers based in the Australian Imperial Force training camps at Casula and Liverpool rioted, first in Liverpool, then at Central Station and in the city. The riot caused widespread damage, the death of one soldier-recruit, injuries to seven, multiple military and criminal convictions and contributed to the introduction of six o'clock closing across New South Wales.
Electrification of the Sydney Suburban Train Network
By the turn of the twentieth century, Sydney's train network was under increasing pressure from an expanding suburbia, growing patronage, slow trains and a central terminal that was isolated from the city centre that it served. To revitalise the network and meet the needs of the growing city the railway needed to be extended through the city; the central terminal had to be relocated; and the entire network electrified. This work was the single most significant event in the history of the Sydney rail system, transforming the commuter experience and changing the face of the city.
Bray, James Samuel
A local character for nearly 50 years, James Samuel Bray was an amateur naturalist, prolific author and erratic entrepreneur in late-colonial Sydney. Despite representing the colony at exhibitions as far afield as Melbourne and Calcutta, Bray perennially skirted the edges of scientific and social respectability. Often ostracised in life, and soon forgotten after his death, he nevertheless embodied the 'antiquarian imagination' that took root in the Australian colonies from the 1870s until World War I.
City Underground
The creation of a city railway was a central concern for town planners in Sydney from almost the moment that the first railway was opened in 1855. Initially the main terminus was in Cleveland Paddocks on the outskirts of the city, meaning commuters coming into town were required to alight from the train and transfer to trams, hansom cabs or omnibuses to continue into the city. The underground City Circle, and the city as we know it, took one hundred years to be completed.
Moore Steps
The design of Moore Steps that we see today follows a drawing signed by the City Engineer, Edward Bell, in 1868 but it was not the first design undertaken for this stairway.
The Workers' Educational Association in the post-war era
The Sydney Branch of the Workers' Educational Association (WEA) was founded with a democratic structure that enabled it to thrive in the postwar era and meet shifting community and government expectations of adult and continuing education, while remaining relevant and independent, into the twenty-first century.
Glebe Coroner's Court
The former NSW State Coroner's Court and Morgue building on Parramatta Road, Glebe, functioned as the centre of coronial justice in the state for 48 years, and tens of thousands of Sydney's unexplained deaths, accidents, fires, explosions and missing persons were investigated there. The building housing two coroner's courts and offices on the top floor and the morgue, refrigeration room and laboratory on the bottom floor, and from 1971 the Department of Forensic Medicine since 1971. In December 2018 it was replaced by a new facility in Lidcombe.
Lindt Café Siege 2014
The Lindt Café siege was a terrorist attack that took place in a restaurant in Martin Place over seventeen hours on 15–16 December 2014.
Wharves


text:
辞典 > 例文辞典 > "commission on legal empowerment of the poor" 例文
commission on legal empowerment of the poorの例文
Johnson was a member of the UNDP hosted Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor.
Between December 2006 and July 2007, he was the rapporteur for implementation in the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor.
Upon concluding its research and producing its final report, the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor ceased to exist as an independent organization.
Brahimi is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, the first global initiative to focus specifically on the link between exclusion, poverty and law.
For example, Matthew Stephens, in his article " The Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor : An Opportunity Missed, " argued that the Report lacked sufficient empirical data.
Drawing upon these principles and bolstered by the UN s Millennium Development Goals, the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor emerged as an effort to convert theories of LEP into action.
Balcerowicz is a member of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, an independent initiative hosted by the UNDP and the first global initiative to focus specifically on the link between exclusion, poverty and the law.
The Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor ( CLEP ) was made up of influential policymakers and practitioners from around the world who were believed to be uniquely well-positioned to advocate among their peers for legal reforms in developing countries.
She was member of the High Level Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor led by Madeleine Albright, and has served as a member of the Oxford University Taskforce on UK Energy, Development Assistance and Foreign Policy, led by Sir Chris Patten.
She is also the co-chair of the Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor and was the chairwoman of the Council of Women World Leaders " Women's Ministerial Initiative " up until November 16, 2007, succeeded by Margot Wallstr鰉.
The Commission on Legal Empowerment of the Poor, co-chaired by former U . S . secretary of state Madeleine Albright and Hernando de Soto, Peruvian economist and founder of the Institute for Liberty and Democracy ( ILD ), was launched in 2005 by a group of developing and industrialized countries including Canada, Denmark, Egypt, Finland, Guatemala, Iceland, India, Norway, Sweden, South Africa, Tanzania and the United Kingdom, and completed its work in 2008.
"commission on interracial cooperation" 例文
"commission on isotopic abundances and atomic weights" 例文
"commission on justice and truth" 例文
"commission on key national indicators" 例文
"commission on large dams" 例文
"commission on local tax reform" 例文
"commission on macroeconomics and health" 例文
"commission on maritime meteorology" 例文
"commission on money and credit" 例文


text:
Сан-Буоно () — коммуна в Италии, расположена в регионе Абруццо, подчиняется административному центру Кьети.

Население составляет 1201 человек, плотность населения составляет 48 чел./км². Занимает площадь 25 км². Почтовый индекс — 66050. Телефонный код — 0873.

Покровителем коммуны почитается священномученик Буоно, празднование 1 августа.

Ссылки
Сайт коммуны Сан Буоно
СМИ о Сан Буоно


Imagine for a second, if you will, that you are the wizard.
And Oz is just one potential implementation.
Imagine you could break a system down in such a way that it was a small subset of individual things in isolation. And that your skill was in combining these things into something a little more meaningful.
And that if you followed a set pattern of architecture, you too, could have a system that behaved similarly.
This is the journey we are starting on with this project. It's more advanced than anything I've covered on the site so far. And it's also where I think you'll find the most benefit once you've got suitably comfortable with the foundation topics.


text:
Рихилда от Хенегау (; * 1018, † 15 март 1086) е маркграфиня на Валансиен и чрез женитби графиня на Хенегау (1040 – 1051) и регентка на Графство Фландрия (1067 – 1070).

Живот
Тя е вероятно дъщеря на Регинар от Хаснон, маркграф на Валансиен от 1045 до 1049 г. от фамилията Регинариди.

Рихилда се омъжва през 1040 г. за Херман от Монс († ок. 1051) от род Регинариди, граф на Монс (Берген), граф на Хенегау. След смъртта на Херман Рихилда се омъжва втори път на 31 март 1051 г. за Балдуин VI Добрия от Дом Фландрия († 17 юли 1070), от 1067 г. граф на Фландрия. Той става граф на Хенегау.

Рихилда управлява Хенегау след смъртта на Балдуин за нейния син Арнулф III. Против Рихилда се навдига по-малкият брат на Балдуин, Роберт I Фризиец.

Рихилда се омъжва трети път през 1071 г. за Вилхелм († 22 февруари 1071), граф на Херфорд и Есекс . Роберт I побеждава в битката при Касал на 22 февруари 1071 г., в която са убити Арнулф III и нейният трети съпруг. Рихилда бяга в Графство Хенегау, което успява да запази за нейния втори син Балдуин II.

Рихилда през последните си години се оттегля в абатството Месен, където и умира.

Деца
От Херман от Монс има децата:

Роже († 1093), епископ на Шалон
 Гертруда, бенедиктинка

От Балдуин VI Добрия има децата:

Арнулф III (* ок. 1055, † 22 февруари 1071)
 Балдуин II (* ок. 1056, † 1098)
 Агнес († 1071)

Източници

 Detlev Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten, Neue Folge, Band II (Marburg, Germany: Verlag von J. A. Stargardt, 1984), Tafle 5
 W. Mohr: Richilde vom Hennegau und Robert der Friese: Thesen zu einer Neubewertung der Quellen, in: Revue belge de philosophie et d'histoire lviii (1980), S. 265 – 292
 Herman Comte de Hainaut, Comte de Mons: RICHILDE, fmg.ac
 Baudouin, Count of Flanders: RICHILDE
 Richilde von Mons, Gräfin von Flandern, Gräfin von Hennegau (1049 – 1076). Genealogie Mittelalter: Mittelalterliche Genealogie im Deutschen Reich bis zum Ende der Staufer

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