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The spectrum of heart disease among adults at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, North west Cameroon: a semi urban setting
Manuel Ndo Akono1,
Larissa Pone Simo ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6613-49042,
Valirie Ndip Agbor3,4,
Sylvain Laah Njoyo5 &
Dora Mbanya2,6
We sought to determine the spectrum of heart diseases among adult patients at the Bamenda Regional Hospital in the North West Region of Cameroon. This is a chart review of echocardiographic records.
In total, 673 records were included in our study, of which 506 had a definite heart disease. Of the 506, 93 had mixed cardiopathies. Their ages ranged from 18 to 105 years with a median age of 64.0 (Interquartile range = 47–75) years. Females accounted for a greater proportion (55.3%) of the study population. The most common echocardiographic diagnoses were hypertensive heart disease (41.1%), valvular heart disease (22.3%) and cardiomyopathies (11.4%). The prevalence of heart failure was 17.5%, with hypertensive heart disease being the leading cause.
The exponential rise in the use of antibiotics and vaccines, and increase in cardiovascular risk factors like hypertension and diabetes owing to westernisation and urbanisation are creating a rapid shift in the epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) [1]. Non-communicable diseases are the major cause of mortality worldwide and are expected to be responsible for about 69% of the global mortality rate by 2030 [2]. Cardiovascular diseases are the second most common cause of death in SSA, after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) [3,4,5]. In Cameroon, NCDs are estimated to account for 31% of all deaths, 14% of which are due to cardiovascular diseases [3].
Heart failure is associated with a 360-day all-cause mortality rate of 21.9–51.9% in SSA, and is the carrefour for a greater majority of poorly diagnosed or managed heart diseases [6]. As at now, non-ischemic heart diseases are known to be the most frequent causes of heart failure in SSA, with rheumatic heart disease (RHD), hypertensive heart disease (HHD) and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies (CMO) accounting for over 75% of cases [4, 7, 8].
In Cameroon, there is a dearth of evidence on the profile of heart diseases with a few hospital-based studies in urban, semi-urban and rural areas of the country [9,10,11]. These studies highlight HHD, cardiomyopathy and RHD as the leading causes of heart disease in Cameroon. In a bit to add to the body of knowledge on the subject in Cameroon and SSA, we sought to determine the pattern of heart diseases among adult patients received for echocardiography in a referral hospital in the Northwest Region of Cameroon.
Study design, duration, setting and participants
We carried out a descriptive and retrospective study of echocardiographic records of patients aged 18 years or older referred for echocardiography from July 2015 to April 2018 at the Imagery Centre of the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Bamenda. The Bamenda Regional Hospital is the main referral government-owned hospital in the Northwest Region of Cameroon, and also acts as a teaching hospital for the Faculty of Health Sciences of the University of Bamenda, Cameroon. Records of patients below 18 years old and repeat procedures were excluded.
Data collection and sampling
Ethical clearance and administrative authorisation were obtained prior to the study. Transthoracic bi-dimensional M mode coupled with Doppler echocardiographic examinations were performed with a HITACHI F37 echography instrument and a 4–7 Megahertz transducer. Measurements and diagnoses were based on the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) [12].
Data collected included the age, gender, comorbidity(ies), left ventricular ejection fraction and echocardiographic diagnosis. Records were exhaustively included using a consecutive sampling.
Data management and statistical analysis
Data was entered into Epidata version 3.1 and analysed using SPSS version 20.0. Medians and interquartile ranges were used to summarise continuous variables, while proportions, frequencies and charts were used to describe categorical variables. Differences in proportions were compared using the Bonferroni's test. p values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
In total, 719 echocardiograms were performed during the study period. Forty-six records were excluded for incomplete data; and a total of 673 records were included for data analysis. Of these, 506 had a definite heart disease. Amongst those with a definite heart disease, 93 (13.9%) had mixed cardiopathies. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 105 years, with a median age of 64.0 (Interquartile range [IQR] = 47–75) years. Females accounted for 55.3% of the study population. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (51.7%) followed by stroke (4.9%) and HIV (2.5%).
Valvular heart disease was the major cause of heart disease among young adults < 30 years 10 (18.9%), while HHD was consistently the commonest cause of heart diseases among participants who were 30-years and old. Also, there was an increasing trend of mixed heart disease increases with age (Table 1).
Table 1 Echocardiographic diagnosis by age group, Bamenda Regional Hospital, July 2015 to April 2018
Of the 506 echocardiographic records with a heart disease, a total of 615 individual cases of heart diseases were identified (including mixed heart diseases). Hypertensive heart disease (41.1%), VHD (22.3%) and CMO (11.4%) were the commonest heart diseases identified. Ischaemic heart disease was rare (7.0%), Table 2. Males were more than twice as likely to have an ischaemic heart disease compared to their female counterparts (10.4% versus 3.8%; p < 0.001), and vice versa for pericardial diseases (9.8% versus 6.1%; p = 0.046), Table 2.
Table 2 Proportion of different heart diseases (excluding normal cases)
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) occurred in 118 (17.5%) patients, the Median age was = 65.0 years, with patients aged over 70 years bearing the greatest burden and slightly over half of the heart failure cases occurring in males 63 (53.4%). Hypertensive heart disease was the leading cause Fig. 1.
Aetiologies of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
We sought to describe the profile of heart diseases among adult patients referred for echocardiography in a semi-urban setting of Cameroon. Hypertension accounted for over half of the comorbidity among these patients. Hypertension remains a driver of cardiovascular diseases burden in SSA [5, 13, 14].
Hypertensive heart disease was the leading type of heart disease in our setting, accounting for 41.1%. This is similar to findings of Tchoumi and Bureta conducted in a rural setting of the Northwest Region [11] and other semi-urban and urban settings in Cameroon [9,10,11, 15]. Given the high hypertension rates in the general Cameroonian population [16], coupled with the contrastingly poor awareness, treatment and control rates [16,17,18,19], our findings were expected. Similar findings have been reported in other SSA series [7, 20, 21]. However, our results differ from studies conducted in East Africa. For example, in an Ethiopia study, valvular heart disease was the commonest heart disease [22]. In addition, pericardial diseases were the main types of heart disease in a Malawian study [23]. This discrepancy could be due to the relatively younger population in the Ethiopian study [22]. Indeed, rheumatic heart disease which is a significant cause of VHD in SSA is a disease of children and adolescents [24]. An early diagnosis of hypertension, treatment and, most importantly, close follow up on treatment could significantly delay the occurrence of hypertensive heart disease in our setting. In addition, Of the 93 patients who presented with mixed cardiopathies, hypertensive heart disease associated mixed cardiopathies were still the most common 61 (65.6%).
Valvular heart disease was the second most common type of heart disease in our setting. It accounted for 11.7% of the study population, and of these only 5.8% was secondary to rheumatic heart disease. More than half of reported cases were related to degenerative processes. Our findings are contrary to those of Jingi et al. and Nkoke et al. of the West and Southwest regions of Cameroon respectively, who reported cardiomyopathies as the second leading type of heart disease [9, 10]. Even though rheumatic heart disease remains a major public health issue in Cameroon and SSA as a whole, it seems to be relatively scarce in our study setting. This could be explained by the fact that rheumatic heart disease occurs in a relatively young population and people aged < 30 years represented only 8.3% of our study population. Nonetheless, 1.1% of all cases of heart disease was secondary to RHD in our study, which is relatively lower than 3.4% reported by Jingi et al. in the West Region [10].
The relatively lower proportion of post rheumatic valvulopathies could also be explained by the fact that being a hospital-based study, cases which were not clinically evident and those who could not afford a cardiac ultrasound did not feature in the study. In addition, the fact that there are no available internationally standardised guidelines for the diagnosis of RHD in adults [25] might have contributed to an underestimation of the true prevalence of the disease in this study, especially as over 90% of our study population was at least 30 years old.
The prevalence of cardiomyopathies was 6.8%, and they were the third commonest type of heart disease in our setting. Dilated cardiomyopathy remained the most common type of cardiomyopathy, accounting for 77.2% of cardiomyopathies. Our findings differ from those reported in the South West and West regions of the Cameroon [9, 10] in that cardiomyopathies were the third and not second most frequent type of heart disease in our setting. Though dilated cardiomyopathies were still the major types of cardiomyopathies, hypertrophic cardiomyopathies were the second most common cardiomyopathies with a proportion of 21.4%.
The spectrum of pericardial disease in our study is relatively lower than that reported by Jingi et al. in West Cameroon and relatively higher than that reported by Nkoke et al. in the South West Cameroon [9, 10]. However, findings in Malawi report pericardial diseases as the leading burden of heart disease; associating it to the coinciding HIV epidemic. The most common type of pericardial disease in our context was the pericarditis with effusion, of which 20% were associated to tuberculosis.
It is worth noting that up to 13.9% of our study population was diagnosed with more than one heart disease, what we termed mixed cardiopathies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in Cameroon which reports a population with patients having more than one heart disease. This is important knowledge necessary in the diagnosis, management and prognosis of heart diseases in our context.
Heart failure occurred in 17.5% of study population, with HHD (33.1%), CMO (22.9%) and VHD (17%) responsible for over 70% of the cases. Mixed cardiopathies significantly contributed to HF in our study.
The proportionately more males with heart failure in our study is similar to that reported by Kingue et al. in the General Hospital of Yaoundé, Cameroon [26]. However, there is a gender disparity between our study and findings in the Heart of Soweto study in South Africa and the Abuja Heart study in Nigeria where females formed the greater proportion of the population with heart failure [27, 28].
According to a recent review, HF in sub-Saharan Africa was reported as a disease of the middle-aged adult, occurring between the third and fifth decades of life, as opposed to the developed world where it is essentially a disease of the elderly, occurring in the seventh decade of life [6]. In addition, HHD, CMO and VHD were the leading causes of HF [6]. Though our findings still maintain HHD as the leading cause of heart failure in our study population, they differ from existing knowledge in that valvular heart diseases are the third commonest causes [29]. Given that hypertensive heart disease arises as a complication of longstanding systemic hypertension on the heart, with its increasing prevalence in SSA, the importance of early prevention and proper treatment of hypertension in our context cannot be over emphasized. Rheumatic heart disease instead was a rare cause of heart failure here probably accounted for by the age limit of our population. Nonetheless, mixed cardiopathies formed a sizeable proportion of the aetiologies of heart failure in our context.
Hypertensive heart disease is the most common heart disease in this semi-urban setting in Cameroon. A sizeable proportion of the population has more than one heart disease (mixed cardiopathies). Prevention of heart diseases in our setting should re-enforce awareness, mass screening, and the treatment and control of hypertension. Rendering cardiac ultrasound more available and affordable, might go a long way to improve the diagnosis, treatment and follow up of patients with heart diseases in the North West Region, and as a result, reduce the incidence of heart failure in our context.
The retrospective design of our study gave us no control on the quality of the echocardiographic records. The diagnosis of certain cardiopathies could have been wrongly classified due the absence of records of other investigations. For example, some cases of ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy might have been classified as non-ischemic due to absence of recorded of further investigations such as electrocardiography, stress test or coronary angiography. Furthermore, we recorded a low prevalence of rheumatic valve diseases due to difficulties of the resourceless population to get to the hospital and afford payment for echocardiography. However, with strict selection criteria, we hope this reflects to a certain degree the spectrum of heart disease among patients referred for echocardiography at the Bamenda Regional Hospital.
The datasets for this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
ASE:
American Society of Echocardiography
CMO:
HF:
HFrEF:
heart failure with reduced ejection fraction
IQR:
NCDs:
RHD:
SPSS:
statistical package for social sciences
SSA:
VHD:
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The authors will like to acknowledge the Director of the Bamenda Regional Hospital for authorisation to carry out work in their institution, as well as the staff of this structure for their support during the study.
Bamenda Regional Hospital, Bamenda, Cameroon
Manuel Ndo Akono
Faculty of Health Sciences, The University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon
Larissa Pone Simo
& Dora Mbanya
Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Valirie Ndip Agbor
Department of Health Research, Health Education and Research Organization (HERO), Buea, Cameroon
Mozogo Sub-divisional Hospital, Mayo-Moskota, Far North Region, Mozogo, Cameroon
Sylvain Laah Njoyo
Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital (YUTH), Yaoundé, Cameroon
Dora Mbanya
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Study design: LPS, VNA, DM. Drafting of study protocol: LPS, VNA, MNA, SLN, and DM. Data collection: LPS. Supervision of data collection: MNA, SLN and DM. Statistical analysis: VNA. Interpretation of results: LPS, VNA, MNA, SLN, and DM. Drafting of the initial manuscript: MNA. Revision of the manuscript: MNA, LPS, VNA, SLN, and DM. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Correspondence to Larissa Pone Simo.
Survey of records were effectuated only after ethical approval of the study protocol by Ethical review board of the Faculty of Health Sciences, the University of Bamenda, Bamenda, Cameroon. Administrative authorisations were obtained from the Regional Delegation for Health for the Northwest Region and the Director of the Bamenda Regional Hospital, Cameroon. A pre-structured questionnaire was completed for each record and each was attributed a code for confidentiality and identification.
Akono, M.N., Simo, L.P., Agbor, V.N. et al. The spectrum of heart disease among adults at the Bamenda Regional Hospital, North west Cameroon: a semi urban setting. BMC Res Notes 12, 761 (2019) doi:10.1186/s13104-019-4803-1
Aetiologies
Mixed cardiopathies


Change out your bedding this summer and create the most cozy and luxurious place to lay your head with these simple tricks and check out the my favorite summer bedding options.
Creating a relaxing place to sleep can be as simple as choosing the correct items for you and your comfort level. A few months ago, I posted a guide to the ultimate farmhouse bedding, and it had been such a popular post, I thought that maybe we need more help when it comes to choosing bedding for our beds.
Today's guide on summer bedding is much the same as my previous bedding article. This collection has been carefully curated so that you can choose from any of the items and can create a cozy and beautiful bed in your home.
I love changing my bedding throughout the year. As seasons change, its nice to change things up and accommodate the changing weather. In the winter, I change out my bedding to add some warmer elements, such as flannel sheets, and a heavier down comforter.
However, in the summer I like to lighten things up. I live in an area where our summers a quite mild, but our winters are harsh! We often have days at 80-85 degrees in the summer, but our nights will often dip back down into the 50's. Its a wonderful time of the year. I always find that having a down comforter year around is what is most comfortable for me and my home. If you live in a hotter climate, changing out your bedding may be even more important for a good nights sleep.
But, how do you choose what kind of summer bedding to use? Well, there are a few things I like to take into consideration.
The first thing you want to consider when changing out to summer bedding is what material to use. You definitely want to take those flannel sheets off, unless you live in a colder climate year round. I find that linen is my favorite option. It is breathable, has a relaxed look and feel, and has soft colors. You can also look into cotton blends, that are breathable and have cooling technology. Keep things light and airy. You can often tell just by touching a blanket or comforter that its going to be heavy and uncomfortable in the summer.
Since I always have a comforter on my bed, I find changing up the duvet cover is a great way to update and brighten the space. Can you imagine hoe comfortable a linen duvet cover would be against your skin? Yes, please.
I love having a down comforter on my bed. I love having something fluffy, and light, yet warm and cozy. In the wintertime, its a luxury I definitely take for granted. However, in the summer, that warm down comforter can become a bit too hot. That is why I use a lighter one in the summer. You can find summer down comforters or down alternatives in most home decor stores.
You can also find comforters that are "all season" which allow you to keep the same quilt on your bed.
I like to lighten things up in the summer. In the winter, I like to add plaids and more grays. I like to incorporate a little bit of color into my otherwise soft color pallet.
Lighten things up with a white duvet, or even use on of the more raw linen colors. Add touches of blue and green as fresh pops of color. I love using blues in my bedroom, since it is a very calming color.
I love adding a bit of color and pattern to my summer bedding. I like to keep my duvet simple and add some interest and pattern to my sheets. Sheets are a n easy way to change out and add interest to your bed without much effort. Say you have a linen duvet cover, with a set of floral sheets, add a few fun pillows with some fringe or other fun texture and you have the perfect summer bedding. I have included some linen and other cotton blend options.
There are so many great sheet options out there, and these are just some that I love. I think that you cannot go wrong by choosing any of these options and combining them with the other selections I have made.
If you like this post, make sure to save it for later and I would love it if you shared it with your friends. That would be wonderful if you did!


Sin is not to reign in our bodies – we are to not let it have dominion over us. In order to do that, we have to fight against sin with the weapons against sin that the Lord has given us.
The Word of God – Matt 4:4, 7, 10 – Jesus quoted scripture in response to every temptation of the devil and the devil departed from him.
The Intercession of Christ – Jn 17:9, 15 – Jesus prayed for us that his Father would keep us from the evil. When we pray we need to remember that he is praying [Rom 8:34] and has prayed for us.
Prayer and Supplication – Matt 26:41 – we are to watch and pray that we enter not into temptation.
Flight – 2 Tim 2:22 – the Bible tells us to "flee also youthful lusts." When temptation comes your way, RUN.
Avoidance – Prov 4:15 – we are to avoid the places that and the people who [Prov 1:10] stir up temptations and lustful desires.
Conclusion: This sermon is primarily for saved people to learn about the spiritual weapons against sin. If you are struggling with sin in your life, you need Jesus Christ in you. If you want someone to show you the gospel from the Bible, raise your hand and we'll be sure to have someone deal with you. A lady raised her hand; after preaching the gospel thoroughly, she received Jesus and was saved.


text:
charter-statutes-and-ordinances
the-academic-assembly
about us Management & Governance University Charter, Statutes and Ordinances University Ordinances
Part 2.8: The Academic Assembly
The Academic Assembly shall consist of the members of the Academic Staff, Research Staff, Other Related (Teaching) Staff, and such other members of the staff of the University as the Senate on the recommendation of the Academic Assembly may determine.
It shall meet at least once a term. Special meetings may be called by the Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive or upon the requisition in writing of not fewer than twenty-five of its members.
It shall determine its own procedure provided that not less than seven days' notice of items to be discussed be given.
It shall elect a member to the Council in accordance with Class 3 of paragraph 1 of Section IV of the Statutes and members to the Senate in accordance with Class 6 of Section 2.6.1.1 of the Ordinances.
Copies of the minutes of meetings of the Senate shall, unless the Senate otherwise determines, be available to members of the Assembly. The Assembly shall receive an annual report on the progress of the University from the Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive. Other matters may be reported or referred to it by the Council, the Senate, the Vice-Chancellor and Chief Executive, any other duly constituted body in the University or by a group of not fewer than twenty-five of the members of the Assembly.
It may discuss and declare an opinion on any matter affecting the University.
The Academic Assembly shall be informed and allowed to express an opinion before any change shall be made in the Charter and the Statutes, or the constitution of the University, or the conditions of service of the Academic Staff in general, provided that any such opinion shall be expressed not later than the last day of the term next following the date when the Academic Assembly was so informed.
charter statutes and ordinances
acts during vacancies
admission to programmes
assessment and examiners
conduct of elections
degrees diplomas and certificates of the university
eligibility for degrees diplomas and certificates in the university
meetings of staff from subject groups
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other officers
procedures for giving effect to section 6 of the statutes
reciprocal arrangements
ref statutes section 6 part iii para 171
ref statutes section 6 part vi para 36
ref statutes section 6 part v para 291
relationship between the university and the union
removal of independent members of council and officers
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the pro vice chancellors
the provost and deputy vice chancellor
the schools of the university
the vice chancellor and chief executive
university officers appointed as ex officio members of the university council

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Detroit Lions linebacker Stephen Tulloch was fined $10,000 for his hit against Minnesota Vikings quarterback Christian Ponder, according to Anwar Richardson of Mlive.com . Ponder attempted a pass to receiver Percy Harvin, but it was intercepted Lions cornerback Eric Wright.
During the interception, Tulloch hit Ponder and was penalized 15-yards for a personal foul.


text:
Benjamin Flores (jornalista)
 Benjamin Flores (pugilista)
 Benjamin Flores Jr.

Desambiguação

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Winter despises her stepmother and knows Levana won't approve of her feelings for her childhood friend–the handsome palace guard, Jacin. But Winter isn't as weak as Levana believes her to be and she's been undermining her stepmother's wishes for years. Together with the cyborg mechanic, Cinder, and her allies, Winter might even have the power to launch a revolution and win a war that's been raging for far too long.
THIS BOOK WAS AMAZING! Winter by Marissa Meyer was exactly what you would want from a series finale–epic, intense, emotional, and overall satisfying!
Everyone got their happily ever after (Except for Levana of course). Often the last book of a good series is a let-down. Yet, Marissa Meyer never fails, this book had it all: suspense, romance, and diversity. I also loved the message of girl power, and feminism.
Just like with the previous books, I loved the world, the characters, the story, and the writing. There was great world-building and character-depth.This is one of my favorite series of all time, and I'm so so happy with this beautiful conclusion!
If you like sci-fi, fairy tale retellings, or you just want to read an epic & satisfying series–YOU NEED THE LUNAR CHRONICLES IN YOUR LIFE!
I am very thankful for Marissa Meyer writing The Lunar Chronicles. Every single book was an amazing read and I can't wait for her new projects.
Great review! Like the structure with which you write. Maybe you should do a brief character analysis? That can make people relate more to your reviews as well. Would love it if you could check out my blog as well, I write book reviews too!


The Genesis Open field is coming together — and it is loaded. The latest addition is Phil Mickelson, who announced his surprising commitment this week.
In a tweet in January, Mickelson laid out his upcoming schedule and had omitted Torrey Pines and the Genesis Open, implying he would skip both events.
"I want to share my updated tour schedule: this week I will be playing here in the desert, Phoenix, Pebble Beach, and then defending my title in Mexico. My streak of 28-straight Farmers Insurance Opens will end next week. I will try to make it up to the great community of SD!" he wrote on Jan. 18.
ESPN's Bob Harig first reported Mickelson's commitment, which a spokesman for the Genesis Open confirmed to GOLF.com in an email.
Mickelson got off to a hot start in 2019 at the Desert Classic, where he shot an opening-round 12-under 60 and went on to finish T2. But he missed the cut at last week's Waste Management Phoenix Open, which may have factored into his decision to play the Genesis. Mickelson finished T6 at last year's Genesis Open, which Bubba Watson won by two.
Plenty of other big names have also committed to the Genesis, including Tiger Woods, Dustin Johnson, Justin Thomas and Bryson DeChambeau. The tournament will also feature the anticipated return of Sergio Garcia after his controversial DQ in Saudi Arabia last week. Registration for the Genesis officially closes tomorrow, and the event at Riviera CC starts Feb. 14.


North Hempstead, NY – On Tuesday, September 11, 2018 the Town of North Hempstead will hold a Memorial Service at 8:30 a.m. at Mary Jane Davies Green, located on Plandome Road, Manhasset across the street from Town Hall. This service is open to the public.
"During this memorial service, we gather as a community to honor and recognize those who lost their lives 17 years ago, including the 56 individuals from our North Hempstead family," said Supervisor Judi Bosworth.
Serving over 222,000 people, the Town of North Hempstead's governing body is headed by the Town Supervisor, Judi Bosworth and six Town Board members: Viviana L. Russell, Peter J. Zuckerman, Angelo P. Ferrara, Anna M. Kaplan, Lee R. Seeman and Dina M. De Giorgio. The Town Clerk is Wayne H. Wink, Jr. and the Receiver of Taxes is Charles Berman.


The excellent Supermobile Library will be visiting Rosedale 0n (all days Mondays from 5.00pm to 7.00pm) 13 August , 10 and 24 September , 8 and 22 October, 5 and 19 November and 3 and 17 December .
Not only is there a wide selection of books, fiction, factual and reference but also good wi-fi reception and we all know how important that is here!
If you haven't tried it before, look in this coming 13 August evening and see for yourselves what a good facility this is. Remember too, that if we don't use it we'll lose it.


I continued the Sutton Farm series, this time swapping out one third-party ruleset (a d20 lite hack) with another (the Savage Worlds RPG using just the core rulebook).
For Part 1, I focused on gameplay mechanics — the base layer for how the game works. For Part 2 (which is still a draft but will be cleaned up over time), I honed in on the logic layer — how and why I asked certain questions, when there were modifiers to skill check difficulties, and bonus/penalty shifts to yes-no questions.
For part 1, I didn't write down all the possibilities for each yes-no question and skill check. I only stressed how important it is to get out in front of these rolls, to know what the possibilities are before picking up the dice to roll.
Part 2 is all about showing how to get in front of rolls: A very long extended example about thinking through questions or skill checks before picking up the dice. Personally, I believe it's an important part of gameplay and makes for better storytelling if you map out why you're rolling and what's at stake first.
Also, where I rolled badly on Part 1, my luck in Part 2 was worse, better for yes-no questions but terrible for skill checks. The Savage Worlds RPG is forgiving compared to Libre's RPG house rules, plus bennies! But I couldn't hit basic target numbers if my protagonist's life depended on it (which it did). After a string of bad luck and a close call with a massively powerful supernatural threat, I had the protagonist do the right thing: quit the mission and go home. And the final cutscene once again showed why there should always be a final cutscene to wrap up the game, at least if it's under the player's control.
Again, links to some documents of gameplay examples are over here.


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Try to Avoid English Opening 1.c4 d5!?
The move 1...d7-d5 is a universal move that can be played against any first move by White. The only real challenges are the two moves where White plays a pawn to e4 or c4 intending to capture the d5-pawn on move two. The first option is 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 called the Scandinavian Defence (also called the Center Counter Defence).
After the second option 1.c4, White can increase pressure on d5 by Nc3/g3+Bg2/Qb3/e4 etc. Black can fight for d5 with pawns by first playing 1...e6 or 1...c6 (heading for a Slav Defence after 2.d4 d5). The weakness of 1.c4 is that it does not counter other central squares available for Black's focus, such as c5, d4, e5, and e4. Black can play 1...c5, 1...e5, 1...Nf6 or 1...f5 (Dutch Defence). Sometimes I also play 1...Nc6 intending 2...e5, 2...d5 or 2...Nf6 depending on what White chooses and what Black prefers.
Some books on the English Opening hardly mention 1.c4 d5!? at all. The obvious positive plus about this line is that if Black already knows a line after 2.d4, then does not have to learn much that is unique to the English Opening after 1.c4. It is common for such books to be a summary of how top players handle the opening. Top players rarely play 1.c4 d5. Chess database game collections are heavily weighted by grandmaster and master games. Club players make it into databases much less often.
The average rating for players in my large database with millions of games is about 2300. The rating for players as Black in the opening 1.c4 d5 is in the 1900s and occurs about one out of every 300 games. In my experience as White after 1.c4 I faced 1...d5 once every 20 games; the average player who played 1.c4 d5 vs me was rated in the 1600s. Compare that to the most common move that I have faced from Black after 1.c4 which is 1...Nf6 (over 200 times) where Black was rated on average 2109.
This MaryDawson vs Sawyer game saw me play my prepared line after 1.c4 d5 2.cxd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qd6! 4.Nf3 e5. Clearly White has a lead in development, but Black is not dead. There are good chances for Black to complete his development. For the fun of it, in the notes, I have added a simultaneous exhibition game where the world champion Emanuel Lasker lost to an unknown opponent in this line 100 years ago.
All types of people play chess: young and old, male and female, rich and poor, good and bad. The most infamous opponent I have played was Claude Bloodgood. In 1996 APCT announced a thematic tournament with the Grob (1.g4). When I saw Claude Bloodgood had entered, I entered too, especially to play him via correspondence.
Bloodgood was in prison for life, and a few years ago he died. There is no condoning the crimes for which Bloodgood had been convicted. Yet, I found this 72-year-old man to be a very friendly opponent. We carried on a lively discussion from postcard to postcard.
You asked me about the Bogart Poisoned Spike Game some time ago. I mentioned that it had been published. It was originally published in the New York Daily News circa 1935, later in the New York Times.
I first became aware of it when Bogart visited the U.S. Naval Hospital at Camp Pendleton (Calif.) in late 1955. I was playing chess when he and several other Hollywood actors arrived on the ward where I was recovering from a foot surgery. He watched me play for a while and then discovered I was playing for money. He got a great big grin and asked if I'd care to play him for a small wager. The games were blitz (no scores), but he held his own (I think we broke even after 8 games) and gave me a phone number to call him when I could get out of the hospital for a day or so.
When I called, I got someone else, but arrangements were in place and a car was sent for me. I played Bogart (and some others) at beach houses in Santa Monica one time and Van Nuys several times. Bogart took real pride in his chess ability and was a born hustler. I am enclosing two Bogart games (1 against me) which I hope you will find interesting. Same opening line in Bloodgood-Lowmaster also enclosed... Best, Claude"
1.d4 f5 2.Nf3 e6 3.e4 fxe4 4.Ng5 d5 5.f3 exf3 6.Qxf3 Nf6 7.Bd3 g6 8.Nxh7 Rxh7 9.Bxg6+ Rf7 10.0-0 Bg7 11.Bg5 Nbd7 (11...Kf8 12.Bxf7 Kxf7 13.Qh5+ Kg8 14.Bxf6 Bxf6 15.Qg6+ Bg7 16.Rf7 1-0. Claude Bloodgood - Robert Lowmaster, Camp McGill, Japan 1956) 12.Nc3 Kf8 13.Bxf7 Kxf7 14.Rae1 c5 15.Nxd5 exd5 16.Qxd5+ Kg6 (16... Kf8 17.Qd6+ Kg8 18.Re7 Ne8 19.Qe6+ Kh8 20.Rxg7 1-0. Humphrey Bogart - NN, Santa Monica 1955) 17.Bxf6 Bxf6 18.Re6 Qh8 19.Qf5+ Kf7 20.d5 Qh4 21.c3 Qg5 22.Qh7+ Qg7 23.R1xf6+ Nxf6 24.Re7+ Kxe7 25.Qxg7+ Kd6 26.Qxf6+ Kxd5 27.Qd8+ 1-0.
Claude Bloodgood was the author of The Tactical Grob. He inspired me to do a project on the Grob myself via ChessCentral. There is much more to write about Bloodgood. Someday I may do that with another of our games. Below is one of our drawn games. The Grob is a fascinating opening. Sometimes I follow Basman's more solid approach. Here I follow Bloodgood's own wild gambit approach. I suggest a few alternatives in the notes to this game.
The day I played this game I watched an old television episode of Highway To Heaven. A grandfather had given up on competition figuring he was too OLD to try. Then he had the chance to run a 5K with his grandson; that gave the grandfather a new attitude. So far this year I have done two 5K's myself, although I did not RUN much. Old guys can still compete! Recently in blitz chess, I have had a little winning streak. My rating has inched up higher than it's been in a while. It's not like the old days, but it is still fun!
My opponent played the Old Benoni Defence 1.d4 c5. For those of us who play lots of openings, sometimes we switch to a 1.e4 opening here with 2.e4 making the game a Sicilian Defence. A natural continuation would be the Smith-Morra Gambit which is normally reached by 1.e4 c5 2.d4 cxd4 3.c3!? When I played 1.d4 in this game, I was not thinking Sicilian Defence. Since Blackmar-Diemer Gambit players must deal with the Benoni Defence anyway, it is simpler to grab some space and more freedom with 2.d5.
Our game proceeded: 1.d4 c5 2.d5 Nf6. The classic Old Benoni avoids an early Nf6. Black decided not to be Old anymore. We could have gone to the Modern Benoni with 3.c4 e6 4.Nc3 exd5 5.cxd5 d6. Here 6.Nf3 g6 would transpose to Spassky-Fischer, Game 3, World Championship match 1972. Bobby Fischer defeated Boris Spassky for the first time winning that game. My choice was to play 3.Nc3 called the Schmid Variation. (Lothar Schmid was the Arbiter of the Spassky-Fischer match.) Of this variation, Jeremy Silman wrote in a review of the Benoni: "This is basically a normal Benoni where White hasn't played c2-c4. In general, it's thought to be sound, but a bit better for the first player." My opponent was rated about 100 points above me. He got the upper hand. He threw everything in the direction of my king. I ducked a few bullets and took aim at his king. He had a point where he could have broken off his attack to offer a queen swap with 33...Qf5! That would have broken me. Instead, I catch his king naked with my queen and rook, winning his queen and the game.


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Marvel Cinematic Movies Ranked Top to Bottom; Iron Man to Avengers: Infinity War
The success of the MCU since its debut
The Marvel Cinematic Universe has been quite influential in the superhero movies industry. Since the release of "Iron Man" back in 2008, the MCU has grown so much and continues to do so. With a total of 25 movies and 4 television series released over the years, the MCU has earned a special place in the hearts of its fans. It was revealed in August 2021 that the MCU was the highest-grossing film franchise with a total worldwide box office revenue of 22.93 Billion U.S. Dollars.
Top 5 MCU movies of all time according to reviews of the fans
The movies mentioned below have been ranked according to the opinions of many fans all over the world. Without wasting anymore time, let's get started.
Number 5: Iron Man (2008)
The movie that started it all. Iron Man (2008) was the first-ever MCU movie. Everything depended upon the success of this movie. And luckily this movie did well in the theaters and opened the door for the MCU to reach new heights. In addition, Robert Downey Jr. nailed the role of Tony Stark/Iron Man and made billions of people all over the world fall in love with his character. The movie was directed by Jon Favreau and consisted of a beautiful and talented cast.
Credits: YouTube
Number 4: Black Panther (2018)
Black Panther is considered by many to be the best MCU movie of all time. In fact, Black Panther was the first MCU movie to win an Oscar. Black Panther was successful because Ryan Coogler was given complete freedom by the MCU to be as creative as possible. Many of the fans consider Michael B. Jordan's Killmonger to be the best part of the movie. And the fact that the movie had amazing CGI is undeniable. Lastly, no doubt that Chadwick Boseman, may he rest in peace, did a great job playing the role of T'Challa/Black Panther.
Number 3: Captain America: The Winter Soldier (2014)
Many fans believe that this movie is right up there with 2018's Black Panther. Captain America: The Winter Soldier is considered to be the best solo superhero film of all time by many. The movie had some of the great action sequences in the MCU. Furthermore, the Elevator fight scene will forever remain one of the best fighting sequences of all time. The movie explored the character of Steve Rogers deeply and introduced the character of Sam Wilson/Falcon to the MCU. Also, Captain America: The Winter Soldier was directed by the Russo Brothers.
Number 2: Avengers: Endgame (2019)
Avengers: Endgame was the culmination of 21 MCU movies. Fans all over the world were very hyped for this movie. Fans were desperate to see this movie and this movie actually delivered the fans what they deserved. Hence, Avengers: Endgame will be remembered for many years to come in the history of cinema because of the impact it had on its audience. The movie did a great job of joining all the 21 MCU movies and gave a wonderful cinematic experience to the world. Avengers: Endgame was directed by the Russo Brothers.
Number 1: Avengers: Infinity War (2018)
The number 1 spot goes to Avengers: Infinity War because almost everyone agrees that this actually was the best MCU movie of all time. Infinity War did a great job of connecting the characters and interlinking their storylines. In addition, Infinity War brought together different MCU teams for the first time on-screen. Not to mention, we got to see the big-baddie of the MCU in action. Moreover, the movie had many memorable moments and the ending of the movie left the fans confused and wanting for more. Avengers: Infinity War was directed by the Russo Brothers.
Avengers: endgame was certainly not the end of the MCU
MCU has done a great job with these movies and still continues to do so. With "Shang-Chi and the Legend of Ten Rings" out now and "Eternals" and "Spider-Man No Way Home" on the way, MCU has still 9 movies planned for the future.
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Parentage/origins: Received as budwood by CCPP, 05/1990; contract clean-up for Brokaw Nursery, Saticoy, CA, which retains exclusive propagation rights in the U.S. Propagated for planting in CVC only. First selected by N.A. Chislett, Kenley, Victoria, Australia, circa 1986; sport of Washington navel. IPR: PVR (Australia); #314; U.S. Patent no. 8212; N.A. Chislett, Kenley, Victoria, Australia. Licensed in U.S. to Brokaw Nursery, Saticoy, CA.
Availability: Commercially available in California through the Citrus Clonal Protection Program. THIS IS A PROPRIETARY CULTIVAR OWNED BY BROKAW NURSERY, INC. P. O. Box 4818, Saticoy, CA 93007. Click here to order budwood.


Experienced Broker Associate Mairin Haley serves the area of San Francisco with Compass. Thanks to Mairin's passion for real estate and home ownership, she always strives to find her clients the exact home they're looking for. Mairin's clients appreciate her honesty, integrity, and incredible work ethic.
Prior to Mairin's career as a real estate broker she worked up the ladder within the banking world. She had handled many aspects of finance prior to getting her real estate license including lending and investments. Mairin's extensive knowledge in investment banking, and her impeccable people skills, set her up for great success as a real estate broker. Mairin understands what goes into investments, and knows how much her clients put on the line when purchasing a home, which is why she works so hard to ensure they get everything they deserve.
Being in and out of San Francisco her whole life, Mairin knows the town like the back of her hand. She graduated from U.C. Davis with a degree in International Relations, which explains her love of traveling. Mairin enjoys experiencing different cultures around the world, and never passes up the opportunity to visit somewhere new. When she isn't hard at work, Mairin loves spending time with her husband, son and black lab Miles.
Mairin Haley works hard to give her clients the most productive, enjoyable experience possible when buying or selling a home. With customer satisfaction as her highest priority, there's no doubt Mairin can find you the house you've always hoped for.


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Die Gelbhalsmaus (Apodemus flavicollis) ist eine Säugetierart aus der Familie der Langschwanzmäuse (Muridae). Diese mittelgroße Langschwanzmaus besiedelt große Teile der westlichen Paläarktis und bewohnt Wälder und andere baumreiche Lebensräume. Die Gelbhalsmaus zählt zu den häufigsten Säugerarten Europas und ist laut IUCN ungefährdet.

Merkmale
Die Gelbhalsmaus gehört zu den mittelgroßen Arten der Gattung Apodemus. Die Ohren sind relativ groß, die Augen groß und hervorstehend. Die Kopf-Rumpf-Länge beträgt 88–130 mm, die Schwanzlänge 90–135 mm, die Länge der Hinterfüße 22–27 mm und die Ohrlänge 15–20 mm. Die Tiere wiegen 16–56 g, meist 26–36 g. Das Fell ist oberseits warm rot- oder gelbbraun. Die Unterseite ist fast rein weiß; die Abgrenzung zur Oberseitenfärbung ist sehr deutlich. Eine Brustzeichnung ist in Europa meist als durchgehendes gelblichbraunes Halsband ausgebildet, nur in Südeuropa, Kleinasien und im Kaukasus ist sie nur als längsovaler Fleck vorhanden. Die Hinterfüße sind oberseits weiß behaart.

Verbreitung und Lebensraum
Das Verbreitungsgebiet der Gelbhalsmaus umfasst große Teile der westlichen Paläarktis. In West-Ost-Richtung reicht das Areal von Wales, England und dem Nordwesten Spaniens bis zum südlichen Ural, im Südosten über die Türkei bis in den Norden des Irans. Obwohl der Süden Großbritanniens besiedelt ist, fehlt die Art im atlantiknahen Westen Kontinentaleuropas. In Nord-Süd-Richtung erstreckt sich die Verbreitung vom mittleren Schweden und dem südlichen Finnland bis zur Südspitze Italiens, bis in den Süden von Griechenland und weiter östlich bis Israel und Nordiran.

Gelbhalsmäuse sind weitgehend an Wald gebunden. Als optimale Lebensräume gelten ältere, von Buchen und Eichen dominierte Laubwälder. Daneben werden auch baumreiche Hecken und Gärten bewohnt. Im Herbst dringen Gelbhalsmäuse häufig in Gebäude ein. Die Höhenverbreitung reicht von Meereshöhe bis etwa 2100 m in den Alpen, im Kaukasus noch höher.

Lebensweise

Gelbhalsmäuse sind nachtaktiv und klettern sehr gut, zum Teil bis in den Kronenbereich von Bäumen. Die Nester befinden sich meist in Erdbauen zwischen Baumwurzeln oder unter Felsblöcken, seltener in Holzstößen oder in Eichhörnchenkobeln und Nistkästen bis in 8 m Höhe. Die Erdbaue übernehmen sie meist von Maulwürfen oder Wühlmäusen, selten graben sie selber welche. Die Gelbhalsmaus ist ein Allesfresser. Die Nahrung besteht aus Samen und Früchten wie Eicheln, Bucheckern und Haselnüssen, Knospen sowie Insekten und anderen Wirbellosen; gelegentlich werden auch kleine Wirbeltiere und Vogeleier gefressen. Der Anteil tierischer Nahrung beträgt etwa 10 %. Für den Winter werden Nahrungsdepots mit Eicheln, Haselnüssen oder Bucheckern angelegt. Die Fortpflanzung findet im Norden des Areals von Januar bis Oktober statt und entspricht im Übrigen weitgehend der der Waldmaus.

Die Gelbhalsmaus zeigt deutliche, jedoch nicht zyklische Bestandsschwankungen in Abhängigkeit vom Nahrungsangebot. In Wäldern Osteuropas kann die Siedlungsdichte in Mastjahren bis auf über 100 Individuen/Hektar steigen.

Die Gelbhalsmaus als Krankheitsüberträger
Die Gelbhalsmaus ist auf dem Balkan als Überträger des Dobrava-Virus identifiziert, das zu den Hantaviren gehört.

Auf der Suche nach dem Ursprung des Rötelnvirus wurden im Jahr 2020 von Andrew J. Bennet und Kollegen erstmals zwei eng verwandte Viren bei mehreren Tierarten nachgewiesen. Eines der Viren wurde bei Gelbhalsmäusen nachgewiesen. In einer Erläuterung des Friedrich-Loeffler-Instituts (FLI) hieß es: "Beide Viren zeigen große strukturelle Ähnlichkeiten mit dem Rötelnvirus und weisen drauf hin, dass dessen Ursprung im Tierreich zu suchen ist." Bei drei verendeten Zootieren und in Gelbhalsmäusen war in Deutschland vom Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut ein bis dahin unbekannter, nach dem Fundort am Strelasund (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) als "Rustrela-Virus" bezeichneter Erreger nachgewiesen worden. Auslöser war der Tod eines Esels, eines Baumkängurus und eines Wasserschweins in einem norddeutschen Zoo, die nach Anzeichen einer Enzephalitis verstorben waren. Danach wurde das Virus auch bei den örtlich freilebenden Mäusen nachgewiesen, die vermutlich ein Reservoir für das Virus darstellen, aber selber nicht erkranken.

Bestand und Gefährdung
In Großbritannien hat sich das besiedelte Areal in historischer Zeit durch die Umwandlung von Wäldern in Ackerland deutlich verkleinert. Die Gelbhalsmaus zählt insgesamt jedoch zu den häufigsten Säugerarten Europas; der Bestand ist offenbar weitgehend stabil. Die Art ist laut IUCN weltweit ungefährdet.

Quellen

Literatur
 Stéphane Aulagnier, Patrick Haffner, Anthony J. Mitchell-Jones, François Moutou, Jan Zima: Die Säugetiere Europas, Nordafrikas und Vorderasiens. Der Bestimmungsführer. Haupt, Bern u. a. 2009, ISBN 978-3-258-07506-8, S. 230–231.
 Anthony J. Mitchell-Jones, Giovanni Amori, Wieslaw Bogdanowicz, Boris Krystufek, P. J. H. Reijnders, Friederike Spitzenberger, Michael Stubbe, Johan B. M. Thissen, Vladimiŕ Vohralik, Jan Zima: The Atlas of European Mammals. Poyser, London, 1999, ISBN 0-85661-130-1, S. 270–271.
 Erwin Stresemann (Begründer), Konrad Senglaub (Hrsg.): Exkursionsfauna von Deutschland. Band 3: Wirbeltiere. 12., stark bearbeitete Auflage. G. Fischer, Jena u. a. 1995, ISBN 3-334-60951-0, S. 412–413.

Einzelnachweise

Weblinks

Waldmäuse


This post is aimed at new and aspiring real estate investors that want to purchase rental properties. Like most things, newbies will undoubtedly make a lot of mistakes. But, even small mistakes when you own a rental property can be quite costly. This blog post discusses 8 easy to make mistakes and how to avoid them.
Congress works with various other Government entities and Government-affiliated organizations to help homebuyers purchase homes. They mainly responsible for setting the rules and regulations that Government-endorsed lending agencies like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac follow to underwrite loans. Congress wants to bolster homeownership since the country has rebounded from the recession. The National Association of Realtors is urging Congress to loosening up on some of their lending restrictions in order to increase the number of new homeowners across the country. One major hurdle that many people face is their lack of stellar credit. NAR would like to see Congress reform their credit requirements to see a huge increase in homebuyers. Remember me if you're interested in buying or selling residential, commercial or investment real estate in Charleston, South Carolina!


text:
// Copyright (c) 2005-2009 Jaroslav Gresula
//
// Distributed under the MIT license (See accompanying file
// LICENSE.txt or copy at http://jagpdf.org/LICENSE.txt)
//

#ifndef TRACER_JG911_H__
#define TRACER_JG911_H__

namespace jag {
namespace jstd {

// Defining JAG_TRACING_ACTIVE turns tracing on regardless of
// debug/release build. If not defined tracing is active only in debug
// build
#if !defined(JAG_TRACING_ACTIVE) && defined(JAG_DEBUG)
#  define JAG_TRACING_ACTIVE
#endif

#ifdef JAG_TRACING_ACTIVE
const bool g_tracing_active = true;
#else
const bool g_tracing_active = false;
#endif

enum TracingLevels { TL_NONE, TL_ERR, TL_WRN, TL_INFO, TL_DETAIL, TL_PARANOID, TracingLevels_LAST };
void show_trace_location(bool val);
void set_tracing_level(TracingLevels);

class Tracer
{
    int               m_level;
    char const*const  m_file;
    const int         m_line;
    bool              m_already_out;

public:
    Tracer(char const* file, int line /*func*/, TracingLevels level);
    Tracer& operator<<(char const* str);
    Tracer& operator<<(void const* ptr);
    Tracer& operator<<(char c);
    Tracer& operator<<(int val);
    ~Tracer();

    Tracer& if_(bool val);

private:
    int output_prologue();

private:
    template<class T>
    Tracer& output(T val, char const* prefix=0);
};

#define TRACE_ERR       if(!jag::jstd::g_tracing_active) ; else jag::jstd::Tracer(__FILE__, __LINE__, jag::jstd::TL_ERR)
#define TRACE_WRN       if(!jag::jstd::g_tracing_active) ; else jag::jstd::Tracer(__FILE__, __LINE__, jag::jstd::TL_WRN)

#define TRACE_INFO      if(!jag::jstd::g_tracing_active) ; else jag::jstd::Tracer(__FILE__, __LINE__, jag::jstd::TL_INFO)
#define TRACE_DETAIL    if(!jag::jstd::g_tracing_active) ; else jag::jstd::Tracer(__FILE__, __LINE__, jag::jstd::TL_DETAIL)
#define TRACE_PARANOID  if(!jag::jstd::g_tracing_active) ; else jag::jstd::Tracer(__FILE__, __LINE__, jag::jstd::TL_PARANOID)

}} // namespace jag::jstd

#endif // TRACER_JG911_H__
/** EOF @file */

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
'Knight Rider' to be Adapted for the Big Screen
Morgan Greenwald June 28th, 2013 - 4:50 PM
"Michael Knight, a lone crusader in a dangerous world. The world… of the Knight Rider." These infamous lines closed the early episodes of the famous show Knight Rider (1982-1986), which featured a crime-fighting Michael Knight (David Hasselhoff) who fought alongside his technologically advanced car, KITT. News has recently come about, however, that the dynamic duo may appear on the big screen in the coming years, as Brad Copeland (Arrested Development) is in the process of writing a script for the movie with the Weinstein Co, according to the LA Times.
For the Weinsten Company, Knight Rider would figure to be a higher budgeted movie, more action-packed than their typical films, such as The King's Speech and Silver Linings Playbook (Django Unchained and its $100 million budget being a notable exception, although Django was co-produced by Columbia Pictures). That said, Weinstein does have a track record of producing quality movies with major attachments on a (relative) budget. The Fighter, for example, was directed by David O. Russell, had a cast that included major stars Christian Bale, Mark Wahlberg, and Amy Adams, and still managed to keep the budget down to a reported $25 million.
In 2008 Universal Media Studios launched a new Knight Rider TV series, featuring Justin Bruening as Mike Traceur, son of the original Knight Rider Michael Knight, who drove KITT 2.0. The series ran for 17 episodes with a TV movie; perhaps this recent television revival of the famous futuristic car has KITT in the back of everyone's minds, stored just recently enough that a movie won't leave the Millenial Generation saying, "What's a Knight Rider?"
David Hasselhoff has expressed interest in being involved with the new movie. It seems unlikely he'll return a solo leading role (though perhaps we shouldn't be so quick to judge), but there's certainly precedent for a passing of the torch-type movie; both the Indiana Jones and Die Hard series have had such installments in recent years. Hasselhoff isn't quite the icon that Harrison Ford or Bruce Willis is, respectively, but barring reboot it would be a little strange to see him shut out of the film entirely. Though if he is, he can always commiserate with William Shatner.
Weinstein Co
Morgan Greenwald


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1010 em numeração romana
 código ISO 3166-1 do México
Mx. um título honorífico gênero-neutro na língua inglesa
.mx o código TLD (ccTLD) para o México

Desambiguações de siglas


Two sets of classes define a region of м. кертис касабланка in XAML UI: Shape classes and Geometry classes.
The main difference between these classes is that a Shape has a brush associated with it and can be rendered to the screen, and a Geometry simply defines a region of space and is not rendered unless it helps contribute м.
кертис касабланка to another UI property. You can м. кертис касабланка of a Shape as a UIElement with its м. кертис касабланка defined by a Geometry. This topic covers mainly the Shape classes.
Path is interesting because it can define an arbitrary geometry, and the Geometry class is involved here because that's one way to define the parts of a Path.
A Shape can also have a Stroke, which is a line that is drawn м. кертис касабланка the shape's perimeter.
A Stroke also requires a Brush that defines its appearance, and should have a non-zero value for StrokeThickness. StrokeThickness is a property that defines the perimeter's thickness around the shape edge. If you don't specify a Brush value м. кертис касабланка Stroke, or м.
кертис касабланка you set StrokeThickness to 0, then the border around the shape is not drawn.
The next example creates an Ellipse with a Width of 200 and a Height of м.
кертис касабланка, and uses a SteelBlue colored SolidColorBrush as its Fill.
When an Ellipse is positioned in a UI layout, its size is assumed to be the same as a rectangle with that Width and Height; м.
кертис касабланка area outside the perimeter does not have rendering but still is part of its layout slot size.
A set of 6 Ellipse elements are part of the control template м. кертис касабланка the ProgressRing control, and 2 concentric Ellipse elements are part of a RadioButton.
You can round the corners of a Rectangle. To create rounded м. кертис касабланка, specify a м. кертис касабланка for the RadiusX and RadiusY properties.
These properties specify the x-axis and y-axis of an ellipse that defines the curve of the corners. The maximum allowed value of м. кертис касабланка is the Width divided by two and the maximum allowed value of RadiusY is the Height divided by two.
The next example creates a Rectangle with a Width of 200 and a Height of 100. It uses a Blue value of SolidColorBrush for its Fill and a Black value of SolidColorBrush for its Stroke.
We set the StrokeThickness to 3. We set the RadiusX property to м. кертис касабланка and the RadiusY property to 10, which gives the Rectangle rounded corners.
If your intention is to create a rectangle shape around other content, it might be better to use Border because it can have child content and will automatically size м. кертис касабланка that content, rather than using the fixed dimensions for height and width like Rectangle does. A Border also has the option of having rounded corners if you set the CornerRadius property.
A Rectangle shape is seen in many control templates because it's used as a "FocusVisual" part for focusable controls. Whenever the control is in a "Focused" visual state, this rectangle is made visible, in other states it's hidden.
The boundary is created by connecting a м. кертис касабланка from one point to the next, with the last point connected to the first point.
The м. кертис касабланка property defines the collection of points that make up the boundary. In XAML, you define the points with a comma-separated list. In code-behind you use a PointCollection to define the points and you add each individual point as a Point value to the collection.
The next example creates a Polygon with 4 points set to, м. кертис касабланка, and м. кертис касабланка. It uses a LightBlue value of SolidColorBrush for its Fill, and has no value for Stroke so it has no perimeter outline.
For example, a Point is part of the event data for touch events, so you can know exactly where in a coordinate space the touch action occurred. For more info about Point and how to use it in XAML or code, see the API reference topic for Point.
A Line is simply a line drawn between two points in coordinate space. A Line ignores any value provided for Fill, because it has no interior space.
For a Line, make sure to specify values for the Stroke and StrokeThickness properties, because otherwise the Line м. кертис касабланка render.
This enables minimal markup for horizontal or vertical lines. For example, defines м. кертис касабланка horizontal line that is 400 pixels long. The other X,Y properties are 0 by default, so in terms of points this XAML would draw a line from to. You could then use a TranslateTransform to move the entire Line, if you wanted it to start at a point other than (0,0).
If you do not specify a Fill, then the Polyline is similar to what would have rendered if you had specified several individual Line elements where the start points and end points of consecutive lines intersected.
In XAML, you define the points with a comma-separated list. In code-behind, you use a PointCollection to define the points and you add each individual point as a Point м. кертис касабланка to the collection.
Here's the rendered Polyline. Notice that the first and м. кертис касабланка points are not connected by the Stroke outline as they are in a Polygon.
In this form, the Path.Data м. кертис касабланка is consuming a м. кертис касабланка format for graphics. You typically don't text-edit this value in string form after it is first established. Instead, you use design tools that enable you to work in a design or drawing metaphor м. кертис касабланка a surface.
Then you save or export the output, and this gives м. кертис касабланка a XAML file or XAML string fragment with Path.Data information.
You can set the Data property to м.
кертис касабланка single Geometry object. This can be done in code or in XAML. That single Geometry is typically a GeometryGroup, which acts as a container that can composite multiple geometry definitions into a single object for purposes of the object model. The most common reason for doing this is because you want to use м. кертис касабланка or more of the curves and complex shapes that can be defined as Segments values for a PathFigure, for example BezierSegment.
This example shows a Path that might have resulted from using Blend for Visual Studio to produce just a few vector shapes and then м.
кертис касабланка the result as XAML. The total Path consists of a Bezier curve segment and a line segment. The example is mainly intended to give you some examples of what elements exist in the Path.Data serialization format and what the numbers м. кертис касабланка Data begins with the move command, indicated by "M", which establishes an absolute start point for the path.
This segment is indicated by the м. кертис касабланка command in the Data attribute string.
The next example shows a usage of the other technique we discussed: a GeometryGroup with a PathGeometry. This example exercises some of the contributing geometry types that can be used as part of a PathGeometry: PathFigure and the various elements that can be a segment in PathFigure.Segments.
On the other hand, Path.Data uses a syntax compatible with Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) image path definitions so it may be useful for porting м. кертис касабланка from SVG, or as output from a tool like Blend.


Television actress Nia Sharma, who has beaten the likes of Katrina Kaif and Alia Bhatt to bag the third spot in the Asia's Sexiest Women list, is enjoying her time in Maldives.
She has kept her fans on social media posted with her holiday photographs.
And these pictures totally justify her being on that list!
Having a blast in paradise!
Nia wakes up at 5 am for this view.
Nia tries her hand at flyboarding and does a decent job at it.
Another look at her water villa.
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Growing up, we are typically introduced to fairly mainstream jobs and careers: teachers, firefighters, police officers, doctors, nurses, coaches, and lawyers, as well as less those more selective and with fewer people in them such as astronauts, professional athletes, musicians and actors. Media portrayals of all types of jobs though are often exaggerated or unrealistic, giving us skewed perceptions of what the occupation actually entails. However, there are some valuable life and career lessons that can be extrapolated, even from the Hollywood versions if we look close enough. Take a peek at some of these favorites for some insight and wisdom that might be applicable in your life, regardless of your major or career aspirations. (No plot summaries or spoilers included!) And if you want to talk about these or other influences on your life, stop by the Center for Career Development for a career coaching conversation.
Coach Carter – We make choices every day that lead us down different paths, so be intentional about how to spend your time and with whom, to maximize your options. Having an understanding about how we influence our own future can be instrumental in the way we choose to live right now.
Moana – Even when we are scared, we have to try to do what we set out to do. And if you have a calling, such as Moana, you will be compelled to follow it. A calling is different from pursuing a passion, because a calling involves a purpose while a passion is based more on interests. Moana was scared while figuring out the best way to reach her goal and felt extreme pressure from her family and outside forces, but she persevered, knowing she was doing something for the greater good. She also had to find the best way to balance pride and humility, in order to achieve what appeared to be an insurmountable goal.
Hidden Figures – Breaking barriers, both subtly and directly, is a strong message in this film. Even if you are not breaking down the glass ceiling or a racial disparity, you can learn about tenacity and strength from this film. Their ability to see beyond what was in front of them as well as how they stood up for what was true and important made them excellent role models for all of us.
Harry Potter series – Look at the difference between Snape and Hagrid; the former allowed bitterness and hatred to undermine all of his actions, while the latter embraced the unknown to find joy and delight. How do you want to face your job every day – with resentment or excitement? Without putting anyone in danger like he sometimes did, follow Hagrid's example of seeking the unexpected and sharing the discovery with those around you.
Star Trek series – Follow the captain's lead and boldly go where you have not gone before. Taking risks is essential if you want to succeed; at times you may fail, but without trying, you will become stale and redundant. Of course, you can't argue with your boss and be insubordinate; yet, you can strategically introduce new ideas in a respectful way that can lead to great returns.


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Movie review: "In the Heart of the Sea"
Posted by Gary Dowell ⋅ December 11, 2015 ⋅ 1 Comment
Filed Under adaptation, drama, historical
Ron Howard's latest may strengthen the clichéd argument that "truth is stranger than fiction", but it also suggests that it is often more boring, too.
Howard and screenwriter Charles Leavitt half-heartedly adapt Nathaniel Philbrick's novel of the same name, itself a fictionalized account of the true story of the ill-fated whaling ship Essex, the inspiration for Herman Melville's Great American Novel (and bane of English Lit. students), Moby Dick. The movie goes so far down the rabbit hole (or up its own ass, depending on how you look at it) as to add a clunky framing device involving Melville (Ben Whishaw) interviewing the last living survivor of the ordeal, Thomas Nickerson (Brendan Gleeson), 30 years later.
For the uninitiated: The Essex set out on its fateful voyage in 1820 with a charter to harvest 2,000 barrels of whale oil; after nearly a year at sea with little to show for it, the vessel ran afoul of a very large, very aggressive white sperm whale on the Pacific side of South America and was sunk. The survivors spent the better part of three months in three rowboats, suffering through dehydration, starvation, and other horrors before being rescued.
Much of the movie unfolds via flashback, told from the viewpoint of Nickerson, a young cabin boy at the time (played by future Spider-Man Tom Holland). We're told that the tale of the Essex is at its core the story of two men: privileged and inexperienced Captain George Pollard Jr. (Benjamin Walker), and hot-tempered working class first mate Owen Chase (Chris Hemsworth, rocking a weird Aussie-British-New England hybrid accent). Pollard was promoted tot he position over Chase by virtue of being from an established family of Nantucket whalers, whereas Chase is looked down upon as a landlubber come lately. That's the extent of the friction between the two, and the conflict is perfunctory at best. They're more like the bickering couple you pray you don't have to sit next to on the whale-watching cruise.
Thus, the movie plods along for much of its first half, until the whale takes down the Essex and true meat of the story, a mildly harrowing survival tale, begins. By that point we're barely engaged, and the sailors' terrible ordeal feels so watered down that the big reveal of how far they went to survive barely registers. There's a great allegory about the unchecked exploitation of the natural world floating near the story's surface, but Howard and Leavitt miss the proverbial boat on that one as well.
The story behind the story is a fascinating one, but Howard and Leavitt fail to tale it in a way that makes the viewer feel involved or invested. The dialogue is dull, and the visuals are so slathered with mediocre CGI that they feel thoroughly phony. Even old Ahab would be aghast at the degree of hubris on display.
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And now for something completely different. Yamaha took the cautionary approach of introducing this weird Niken GT trike a day before today's Milan EICMA motorcycle show to allow us enough time to try digest what, exactly it is. Is it a bike? Is it a car? Is it a trike? All we can tell you is that it's Niken GT — Yamaha's answer to the sport-touring boom now responsible for over 70% of its motorcycles sales. The 847cc triple-cylinder three-wheeler Niken GT rolled out to the strains of Vivaldi's Quattrostagioni to answer the alleged cry for an all-season sport tourer, complete with hard bags, a bigger windscreen, and all the things you need for all-weather travel. Including three wheels for 'ultimate corner carving experience'. The innovative Leaning Multi-Wheel technology and dual-tube upside down fork technology Niken is designed to deliver higher rider confidence in all conditions — its two leaning front wheels give increased levels of front-end grip in cornering and braking. Still scratching your head? So are we!


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Home Games Riot Uses In-Game Behaviour As A Hiring Method
June 13, 2016 Laura Kelly 0
Riot Uses In-Game Behaviour As A Hiring Method
June 13, 2016 Laura Kelly
Most League of Legends players would probably flip at the chance to work for Riot Games. The company which has become a worldwide success over the past few years has proven to be a generous employer, offering their workers free RP and LoL loot as a bonus for working there. They have even gone so far as to previously refuse to hire anyone who has previously received a ban on their LoL account as an indicator towards bad behaviour. However, in a recent study, they seem to be taking their in-game behaviour data to the next level in regards to their workplace.
Following a year long study into the behaviour of their employees in the workplace and in-game, Riot believe they have found a correlation between workplace related problems and in-game reports. According to their study; "The Riot team hypothesised there'd be a correlation between highly toxic in-game play and workplace toxicity; if a Rioter received lots of in-game complaints, the team assumed they'd have more friction with workplace teammates too." They found that there was indeed a correlation between their workplace issues and in-game behaviour with several employees who have been let go during the year long study showing "unusually aggressive" behaviour in-game and using their status as Riot employees to intimidate and manipulate other players in each match.
In an effort to clean up their workplace, Riot took the 30 biggest offenders from their test group and split them into 2 categories. One group would be let go due to their actions, while the other would receive a stern warning from their superiors. In a meeting with each of the troublemakers, Riot issued each problem employee with a detailed chat log of their in-game behaviour, prompting many to examine and repent on their toxicity. Speaking on the results of hte study, and the dismissal of some workers, Riot has said, "While these logs did factor into the exits of a couple employees who had already had serious problems, the response from almost everyone else was overwhelmingly positive," They have also reported receiving several essays from the warned employees, vowing that they will clean up their acts.
Toxicity in the MOBA genre is sadly nothing new. Most players of any popular MOBA such as League of Legends, DOTA 2, or Heroes of the Storm will likely warn new players what they're getting themselves into. While research has been done to find a correlation between real life anger issues and in-game behaviour, no conclusive answer has been given that could stop the tides of vitriol being spewed out on a daily basis. However, given the efforts made by Riot to look into the psychology of their players, we're getting steps closer to an answer. Who knows, perhaps one day we'll see a peaceful gaming utopia on the horizon!
tags: League of Legends MOBA Riot Games Toxicity
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openSecurity
Undocumented migrants: time to change the European discourse
Most undocumented migrants in Europe are not products of irregular entry and humanitarian crises such as that at Lampedusa are not unavoidable tragedies. As the EU starts work on a new programme on migration it must shift approach from control and surveillance.
Eve Geddie
Don't give us your huddled masses: migrants arriving at Lampedusa. Flickr / Noborder network. Some rights reserved.
Two thousand and thirteen was another busy year for migration correspondents. While anxiety about the movement of EU citizens captured headlines as it drew to a close, the deaths of migrants at Europe's external border remained one of the most broadly covered issues. But did the public shock, media coverage and political pledges of solidarity following the deaths at sea amount to a genuine determination to bring about change—or will the body count continue in 2014?
In October, a boat carrying hundreds of migrants sank near the Italian island of Lampedusa, leaving more than 165 dead. This was not the first nor will it be the last migrant boat to sink in EU waters but the magnitude of what eventuated and its widespread coverage brought renewed criticism of the EU's approach to border management and irregular migration.
'A senseless tragedy,' news correspondents assured viewers as reports of the deaths broke. Yet the term implies less causality and more misfortune then the well-documented record of corpses mounting at Europe's border would indicate.
While for many news viewers and readers, the Lampedusa deaths provided a rare glimpse into the human suffering taking place at Europe's borders, such cases are not new. Indeed, the European network UNITED for Intercultural Action has documented the deaths of more than 17,000 migrants since 1993 as a result of Europe's immigration policies.
In expressing their condolences to the Lampedusa bereaved, EU and national leaders were quick to offer EUROSUR as a watertight solution. This new European border-surveillance system would, they said, ensure greater co-operation among member states to protect migrants. The European Parliament, whose serious concerns over lack of accountability and transparency with regard to the border-control agency FRONTEX had led it reserve €10 million of its 2013 budget until a fundamental rights officer was put in place, was suddenly calling for increased funding for the EU's highest funded operational agency. The European Commission pledged that EUROSUR would help member states identify and track vessels at sea, thereby improving search-and-rescue operations.
these instances exemplify the EU's increasingly ill-informed, elitist approach to managing a phenomenon which the public fear, the media misunderstand and the politicians stigmatise
With expected operational costs of €144 billion over the next six years, will EUROSUR really prevent loss of life? With the Mediterranean already amongst the most patrolled seas in the world and systematic reports of refused help and push-backs by police, border agents and coastguards, many are skeptical.
Assistance to undocumented migrants, including for humanitarian needs, is criminalised in many member states.
While the Italian president, Giorgio Napolitano, lamented the 'slaughter of innocents', those who survived the Lampedusa shipwreck faced criminal trial in Italy on grounds of irregular entry. This was in accordance with the 2002 'Bossi-Fini' law, advanced by the respective leaders of the nationalistic Northern League and 'post-fascist' National Alliance in Silvio Berlusconi's second government. Legislation criminalising irregular entry and stay is common across the EU, resulting in frequent prosecutions of undocumented migrants and their defenders, in France for example. But the case reopened the debate around the criminalisation of migrants in Italy and a petition to repeal the law, led by La Repubblica newspaper, gathered more than 100,000 signatures in four days.
Unfortunately, at EU level the debate on migration follows a cycle:
1. migrants die;
2. leaders mourn the dead, while imprisoning and prosecuting the survivors;
3. politicians affect disbelief that restrictive and control-based policies lead to death and suffering;
4. there are calls for more restrictive and control-based policies;
5. return to point 1.
If only the deaths of 165 men, women and children which took place on October 3 could genuinely be called a 'tragedy'. If only the reported rape and torture in Libya of some of those who died while attempting the journey were indeed 'unfortunate'—rather than the expected outcome of the externalisation of the EU's borders through readmission agreements with third countries, which seek to shift responsibility towards migrants and prevent them at any cost from reaching EU territory.
If only the brutalisation in an Italian refugee camp of several survivors of that same boat, recorded on grainy mobile-phone images, were 'an accident' and not symptomatic of the often mandatory, occasionally indefinite and systematically inhumane policy of imprisoning men, women and children just for being migrants. Rather than being contingent, these instances exemplify the EU's increasingly ill-informed, elitist approach to managing a phenomenon which the public fear, the media misunderstand and the politicians stigmatise.
Fair regular migration channels needed
Irregular migrants are often blamed for Europe's economic ills. Yet while countries such as Greece, Italy and Spain have witnessed increased racists crimes and populist discourse scapegoating migrants and calling for increased restriction of their rights, most of the undocumented in Europe do not enter irregularly. Instead, they experience difficulties in renewing their residence permit or complying with increasingly tight requirements for renewal. In many cases, migrants become irregular through exploitation by their employer or losing their status due to spouse-dependent visas.
The EU-funded 'Clandestino' research initiative demonstrated that irregularity is largely the result of exploitation, misinformation and administrative delays, while irregular border-crossing is the least common pathway into irregularity. Providing an aggregate estimate of 1.9 to 3.8 million irregular migrants in the EU, the findings are a clear challenge to the well-versed narrative presented in the media and by politicians.
What is needed are better and fairer channels for third-country nationals to take up work in key sectors of the EU economy. That requires a new approach.
After Stockholm
While for most of us, reflection and resolution is an annual process, the EU sets out its goals and objectives multi-annually. From Tampere to the Hague and, most recently, the Stockholm Programme, the EU's justice-and-home-affairs frameworks outline priorities and actions for five years at a time.
These have steadily moved away from the goal of near-equality for all residents in the EU, with a strong foundation in human rights, to the idea that rights belong to citizens alone—and that a 'security' approach to migration is needed to protect the fundamental rights of EU citizens. This is contradicted by evidence from the ground indicating that increased securitisation and discrimination against migrants has neither reinforced the freedom, security and well-being of EU citizens nor curbed irregular migration.
As this is the year in which the Stockholm Programme (2010-2014) draws to a close, the European Commission is undertaking an assessment of its approach, before moving to a new framework on migration and asylum. If this is to bring any amelioration, there must be recognition that migration is not a criminal activity and that policies which treat it as such are ineffective, inappropriate and dangerous.
Political statements of shock must give way to the realisation that exposing migrants to violence, exploitation and trafficking and deaths—and tearing families apart, through detention, deportation and restrictions on reunification—contradicts the founding principles and goals of the EU, as well as the obligations of member states to protect the rights of all people in their jurisdictions, regardless of administrative status. Media reports of 'tragedies' must be replaced by informed, analytical and non-biased coverage of migration.
Representing more than 160 organisations working to defend the rights of undocumented migrants across Europe and other parts of the world, PICUM is fleshing out with its members a five-point plan for a new departure on EU migration policy. Working to challenge the misconception that undocumented migrants are 'illegal'—and so criminalising the symptomatic effects of ill-thought-out migration policies rather than addressing the root causes of loss of status—PICUM seeks to shift EU policy and practice on migration to move towards a more humane, effective, cost-efficient and rights-based approach.
In 2014 and beyond, the network is resolved to holding the EU accountable and ensuring it mends its ways.
Beyond Lampedusa: from the globalisation of indifference to collective mobilisation?
Written by: Sarah Wolff All articles by: Sarah Wolff
The trouble with Fortress Europe
Written by: Matthew Carr All articles by: Matthew Carr
Lampedusa: Never again
Written by: Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi All articles by: Rebecca Omonira-Oyekanmi
No accident: why have 19,142 died at Europe's frontiers?
Written by: Nina Perkowski All articles by: Nina Perkowski
people flow: migration in europe
Security in Europe
Euro elections 2014
Migration today
Migration in Europe


age category of 16-69 alone, with an average age of 34, is undoubtedly an exciting and strong position from which we can drive the sport forward," he said. "There are opportunities to grow in both our traditional markets, where the focus will be on attracting more women and girls, children and families, to the game, as well as non-traditional cricket playing nations where there is clearly both interest and opportunity," he added. The breakdown of cricket's three different formats in the research showed that two thirds of fans over the age of 16 years are interested in all three international formats of the game.
The importance and popularity of ICC global events was evident with 95% of fans opting for interested or very interested, with ICC Cricket World Cup and the ICC World T20 being the most popular. The women's game continues to gain momentum as 68% of cricket fans are interested in women's cricket and 65% of them are keen about the ICC Women's Cricket World Cup. In addition to that, 70% of fans want to see more live coverage of women's cricket.
Close to 70% fans are interested in Test cricket with fans in England & Wales showing the strongest interest in this format (86%). South Africa lead the interest in ODI cricket (91%) and Pakistan in T20I cricket (98%). Globally, T20I is the most popular format with 92% interest whilst ODIs are close with 88% interest.


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by: adminPosted on: August 4, 2021
How to teach the burger king scholarship
The burger king scholar is a national treasure, one of America's most respected and respected academics.
She has published more than 150 books on subjects ranging from economics to religion.
She's a Pulitzer Prize finalist and a finalist for the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation.
But she has been in the spotlight in recent years over her work on a new book that is being considered for publication.
The work of scholar Rebecca Stoddard is the subject of a new documentary, "Burger King Scholars," a Netflix series that will air in 2019.
Stoddard has been called a "global hero" for her work in the field of history, but she's also had some critics, and her latest book, "A Taste of History: The Evolution of McDonald's Burgers," is at the center of a controversy over her research and her credibility.ABC News' Tom Campbell contributed to this report.ABC's John Daley contributed to a transcript of this story.
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The Office of Alumni Relations has created a new award to recognize generous, enthusiastic, and ongoing efforts that support and build alumni-to-alumni connections and/or alumni-to-student relations. In January 2018, Chris Munn '81 became the first recipient of the NU2NU Award for his meaningful contributions to the university by volunteering time and talent. A former NU rugby and lacrosse player, Chris has been a mentor and inspiration to Norwich athletes for many years, even as he battles ALS.


Star Net is a Moldovan analog cable, IPTV, internet service and landline service provider founded in 2003.
There are currently around 70 television channels in the analog cable network.
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Tired of simply reading pages and pages of digits?
Okay, that might be a bit of a stretch, but there are plenty of great books about pi that actually use words and pictures too! We have listed some of our favorite pi books below, with links to pick them up on Amazon.com.
We've read many more than these, and they only make us love pi more. Give them a try, and keep them on-hand in the classroom for the occasional curious student.
Click on the books to jump right to their Amazon pages!
A powerful and elegant method for memorizing Pi, or any number, is wrapped into this charming book with beautiful illustrations. Written by a family who tapped into the most cutting-edge competitive memory techniques, found some pretty serious success (now easily rattling off hundreds of digits each!), and decided to share it with the rest of us. Surely the only book on this list that contains the phrase: "Count Dracula, Posing with a Kazoo." Enjoy!
The original, classic book that popularized Pi's history and made it easy and fun to learn. It also contains 1 million digits of Pi, in the tiniest print you've ever seen. A must-have for the bookshelf of every teacher and math lover alike!
There is nothing else in the world like this book, and the tireless experiment that its author, Michael Keith, undertook for the benefit of only the truest Pi fans. It is literally 10,000 digits of Pi, converted into words of the length of each successive digit, across an entire book. Buy it for the eerie poetry, the screenplay, the crossword puzzles, or simply for the shock value. One of a kind.
This children's book strikes a great balance between story and teaching. The plot is exciting enough not to be upstaged by the clever lessons about pi! Part of an excellent series of math-themed adventures, all with the same engaging illustrations and unabashed and delightful mathematical wordplay.
Now we're getting serious. If "Joy of Pi" is the appetizer, this book is the main course. A thorough journey through the number's history, with as much depth as any curious student might want without straying from an accessible, narrative style.


The single biggest source of calories [7%] in the American diet is from carbonated soft drinks. A carbonated beverage is one that releases carbon dioxide in normal atmospheric pressure. Artificial carbonation was first introduced in 1767 and after 1830, the sweetened and flavored lemon-lime, grape and orange carbonated drinks became very popular. Today, heavily sweetened, carbonated drinks or sodas are among the most popular beverages in the world. Consumption of carbonated soft drinks peaked in 1998 when consumption was 56.1 gallons per person per year. Soft drinks provide large amounts of sugar [mostly high-fructose corn syrup] to many individual's diets. The empty calories of soft drinks contribute to health problems, particularly obesity and tooth decay [caries]. A study from Harvard shows that soft drinks may be responsible for the doubling of obesity in children over the last 15 years.
Carbonated soft drinks not only have a high sugar content that contributes to tooth decay but also have a very acidic pH that can erode tooth enamel. Some of these drinks, especially the colas have as much caffeine as a cup of coffee and can disrupt children's or adult's sleep and leave them feeling tired during the day.
These carbonated soft drinks are also related to gastric distension, which can trigger reflux. Studies show the consumption of one can of soda a day corresponds to 53.5 minutes of elevated acid levels in the stomach.
The best approach is to cut down or avoid carbonated drinks. Many schools have removed the soft drink vending machines in their halls and cafeterias. If not, it's best to drink through a straw so the soda is swallowed from the back of the mouth and does not come in contact with the teeth causing decay. Substitute other beverages such as water and more nutritious beverages like milk and juices.
While both men and women require an appropriate amount of calcium to build bone mass during their early developmental years, women have a greater risk of developing osteoporosis, a progressive loss of bone mass due to aging. This makes women more susceptible to fractures and possibly loss of teeth from weakening of the jawbone. Osteoporosis, also know as the "Silent Disease," because it has no symptoms has other risk factors, including smoking cigarettes, excessive use of alcohol, being Caucasian or Asian, early estrogen deficiency and having a thin, small-boned frame.
For women in the age range of 19-24 years, the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of calcium is 1,200 milligrams. This decreases to 800 milligrams thereafter. Foods rich in calcium include milk, cheese and ice cream, but these also are high in calories and fat. So, shop wisely and check the labels. Alternatives such as skim or no fat milk will solve the problem. There are a reasonable variety of cheeses and yogurts that are low fat as well as ice cream substitutes. Besides dairy, other healthy foods rich in calcium are salmon, tofu (soybean curd), broccoli, peas, beans, nuts and calcium-enriched grain products.
Wishing you a happy healthy New Year from your favorite dental team!