text:
Peripheral vision: Implications of spatial contextualisation for communities surrounding heritage sites
Butland, Rowena (2005) Peripheral vision: Implications of spatial contextualisation for communities surrounding heritage sites. In: 15th ICOMOS General Assembly and International Symposium: 'Monuments and sites in their setting - conserving cultural heritage in changing townscapes and landscapes', 17 – 21 oct 2005, Xi'an, China. [Conference or Workshop Item]
3-11.pdf
Official URL: http://www.international.icomos.org/xian2005/paper...
By recognising the importance of a setting or spatial context for heritage sites, the interests of cultural heritage managers often extend beyond the conventionally defined borders inscribed on a heritage list. The impacts of heritage management practices on populations that live within the bounds of heritage sites are understood in broad terms, but the impacts of these processes on the wider area that forms the spatial context of a heritage site remain poorly understood. The Angkor World Heritage Site (Cambodia) is an ideal case study to investigate the implications of spatially contextualising heritage. As a condition of the site's inscription on the World Heritage List (1992), a modern management scheme was established that sought to create an Angkor 'experience'. Angkor was contextualised within the wider landscape, in part, by exerting considerable control on post civil-war development outside the confines of the heritage site (primarily the town of Siem Reap). Through the adoption of participatory methodologies and GIS-based spatial analysis that allow integration of local community and management perspectives, the study seeks firstly to define - spatially and descriptively – the setting of the Angkor World Heritage Site. It then explores the implications of heritage management for the modern landscape surrounding Angkor.
Butland, Rowena
historic monuments and sites; setting; surroundings of monuments; management; archaeological heritage; World Heritage site
M.WORLD HERITAGE CONVENTION > 03. World Heritage List
E.CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION > 07. Management
B. ARCHAEOLOGY > 02. Archaeological site and remains
Angkor World Heritage Site, Cambodia
UNESCO WHC Number:
Jose Garcia
1. Aplin, G. (2002). Heritage: Identification, Conservation, and Management. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
2. APSARA (2003) Urban Strategy of the Authority for the Protection and Management of Angkor and the Siem Reap Region http://www.autoriteapsara.org/en/apsara/urban_development/strategy.html 13th August 2005
3. AusHeritage and ASEAN-COCI (2003) Cultural Heritage Management Profile Cambodia http://hnasean.org/asean_countries/print/cambodia_country_profile.doc 19/8/03
4. Ballard, B. (2003). "Employment and Trade in Angkor Park: Some Preliminary Observations on the Impact of Tourism." Cambodia Development Review 7(1): 5-7, 16.
5. Bianchi, R. and Boniface, P. (2002). "Editorial: the politics of World Heritage." International Journal of Heritage Studies 8(2): 79-80.
6. Boukhari, S. (2002). "Angkor's role in the search for a lost unity." The New Courier May 2002: 13 - 15.
7. Box, P. (1999). GIS and Cultural Resource Management: A manual for heritage managers. Bangkok: UNESCO Bangkok.
8. Butland, R. (2003) Living with Heritage. The Fusion of Cultural Heritage Management and Local Space. Unpublished Honours Thesis. School of Geosciences, University of Sydney:Sydney
9. Cresswell, T. (2004). Place: a short introduction. Malden, Ma: Blackwell Publishing.
10. Dagens, B. (2002). "History of the Angkor Site." Museum International 54(1 and 2): 12-22.
11. Dietvorst, A. and Ashworth, G. (1995). "Tourism Transformations: an Introduction".in Ashworth, G. and Dietvorst, A., Tourism and Spatial Transformations. Oxon: Cab International pp1-12.
12. Durand, S. (2002). "Angkor: A decade of tourist development after a decade of heritage rescue?" Museum International 54(1-2): 131-137.
13. Endo, N. (2002). "Socio-cultural Development Through Intergenerational Links." Museum International 54(1 and 2): 64-68.
14. Evans, G. (2002). "Living in a World Heritage City: stakeholders in the dialectic of the universal and particular." International Journal of Heritage Studies 8(2): 117-135.
15. Fisher, P. (2000). "Fuzzy modelling".in Openshaw, S. and Abrahart, R., GeoComputation. London: Taylor and Francis pp161-186.
16. Fournier, J., Durand, S. and Sainsaulieu, G. (1993). Angkor: Mission d'Expertise Pour Un Schema d'Amanagement Touristique du Site des Temples d'Angkor Cambodia: Ministère des Affaires Estrangères pp99.
17. Green, T. J. (2001). "Cultural Resource Management (CRM): Conservation of Cultural Heritage".in Smelser, N. and Baltes, P., International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences. Amsterdam New York: Elsevier pp3113-3116.
18. Hackenberg, R. (2002). "Closing the gap between anthropology and public policy: The route through cultural heritage development." Human Organisation 61(3): 288-298.
19. Hansen, H. (2003). "A fuzzy logic approach to urban land-use mapping".in Virrantaus, K. and Tveite, H., ScanGIS'2003 - The 9th Scandinavian Research Conference on Geographical Information Science, 4-6 June 2003. Espoo, Finland: Department of Surveying, Helsinki University of Technology, pp41-56.
20. Hayden, D. (1997). The Power of place: urban landscapes as public history: MIT Press.
21. Kamm, H. (1998). Cambodia: Report from a Stricken Land. New York: Arcade Publishing.
22. Lemaistre, A. and Cavalier, S. (2002). "Analyses and Management Prospects of the International Angkor Programme." Museum International 54(1-2): 117-125.
23. Massey, D. (1993). "Questions of locality." Geography 78(2): 142-149.
24. Miura, K. (2005). "Conservation of a 'Living Heritage Site' Contradiction in term? A case study of Angkor World Heritage Site." Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 7: 3-18.
25. Pym, C. (1968). The Ancient Civilisation of Angkor. New York; Toronto: Mentor Books.
26. Rooney, D. (2001). Angkor Observed. Bangkok: Orchid Press.
27. Schuurman, N. (2000). "Trouble in the heartland: GIS and its critics in the 1990s." Progress in Human Geography 24(4): 569-590.
28. Smith, L. (2000). "`Doing Archaeology': cultural heritage management and its role in identifying the link between archaeological practice and theory." International Journal of Heritage Studies 6(4): 309-316.
29. Sophal, C. and Acharya, S. (2002). Land Transactions in Cambodia: An analysis of Transfers and Transaction Records. Phnom Penh: Cambodia Development Resource Institute pp46.
30. Stilwell, F. (1992). Understanding Cities and Regions. Leichardt: Pluto Press Australia.
31. Taylor, K. and Altenburg, K. (2005). Genius of the Place. (Re)presenting Cultural Landscapes, World Heritage Listing, and Intangible Values. Making Spaces into Places in Asia. Contemporary Research on Pre-Angkor Cambodia, Centre for Khmer Studies, Siem Reap.January 10-12, 2005
32. Thibault, C. (1998). "Siem Reap-Angkor: Une région du Nord-Cambodge en voie de mutation." Grafigeo 5: 3-152.
33. Vann, M. (2002). "Management of the Angkor Site: national emblem and world heritage site." Museum International 54(1 and 2): 110-116.
34. Vann, M. (2003). Modern Khmer Cities. Phnom Penh: Reyum Publishing.
35. Wager, J. (1995). "Developing a strategy for the Angkor World Heritage Site." Tourism Management 16(7): 515-523.
36. Weiner, D., Harris, T. and Craig, W. (2002). "Community participation and geographic information systems".in Craig, W., Harris, T. and Weiner, D., Community Participation and Geographic Information Systems. London: Taylor and Francis pp1-16.
37. Winter, T. (2002). "Angkor Meets Tomb Raider: setting the scene." International Journal of Heritage Studies 8(4): 323-336.
https://openarchive.icomos.org/id/eprint/367


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
A THORN IN THE CHURCH'S SIDE?
Posted by admin_waci2, With 0 Comments, Category:	Church News,
In Describing Pope Francis's Plans for a Synod on the Family as 'Bonkers', Mary McAleese Was Being a Consistent Advocate of a More Active, Engaged Catholic Church
Some people have taken offence on behalf of Pope Francis because Mary McAleese, the former president, threw the word "bonkers" in his direction. One figure in the Catholic Church said it was unbecoming of a former head of state to speak this way. A letter writer to this paper described her remarks as terribly unfair.
Speaking at University College Dublin last Monday, to mark her receipt of the university's Ulysses medal, McAleese criticised the pope's plan to ask a synod of bishops next October to advise him about church teaching on the family.
There was "something profoundly wrong and skewed" about asking "male celibates" to review the church's teaching on family life, she said. "The very idea of 150 people who have decided they are not going to have any children, not going to have families, not going to be fathers and not going to be spouses - so they have no adult experience of family life as the rest of us know it - but they are going to advise the pope on family life, it is completely bonkers."
Last year the Vatican circulated a questionnaire to Catholics worldwide seeking feedback on pastoral issues of marriage and family. In her interview last Monday McAleese said: "I wrote back and said I've got a much simpler questionnaire, and it's only got one question, and here it is: 'How many of the men who will gather to advise you as pope on the family have ever changed a baby's nappy?' I regard that as a very, very serious question."
It's doubtful whether the plain-speaking Pope Francis would take offence at any of this. He may disagree with the substance of what McAleese said, but its manner of expression would hardly faze him. After all, this is the pope who advised his clergy to get down and dirty among the people so they smell of them and who has spoken about the narcissism of popes and theologians.
As for McAleese, she is just being consistent.
Early ambitions When she was a young woman, the first person she spoke to about her ambition to become a lawyer was a priest and family friend. She has said that "his instant response was to tell me to forget about it, because I suffered from two disabilities which were, in his view, completely unlikely to be overcome. One was that I was a woman, and the other was that I had no connections in the law."
She continued: "It was said with the kind of dismissive authority which is intended to silence protest or debate. The owner of superior knowledge, of real certitude, had spoken, and that was that.
"The same priest, incidentally, kept a double-entry score book of the indignities heaped upon Catholics by the Protestant government at Stormont, many of which, ironically, involved keeping Catholics out of jobs for no reason other than the fact that they were Catholics.
"The irony of the similar group exclusion of women was, unfortunately, lost on him."
But it was not lost on her mother, who "had inculcated into us a respect for the priesthood bordering on awe. I watched, therefore, in amazement as the chair was pulled from under the cleric and he was propelled to the front door before the bottle of baby Powers had been uncorked.
" 'You - out', she roared at him. 'And you,' she said to me, 'ignore him.' That was the only advice I ever received from either parent on the subject of career choice."
Ignoring that priest, and following her mother's advice, McAleese went on to be among the first few women to study law at Queen's University Belfast. She became the first Catholic and first woman director of its Institute of Professional Legal Studies and, in 1993, its professor of law. In 1994 she became the university's first woman pro-vice chancellor.
Clearly, following her mother's advice, and ignoring that of a male celibate cleric, was the way to go.
In March 1997, before she was nominated for the Irish presidency, she wrote in the UK Catholic weekly the Tablet that "most intelligent men and women can recognise sexist cant, no matter how nobly dressed up, no matter how elevated the speaker, from miles away".
She continued: "When the Holy Father admits that the Church just might have been a teensie-weenie bit sexist at times, we wait for the next obvious statement, that the Church is going to take a long, hard scholarly look at itself.
"It is going to try to understand how its own thinking, its own understanding of God, has been skewed and damaged by 2,000 years of shameful codology dressed up as theology and, worse still, God's will. But the statement does not come. Instead the big gun, the howitzer of Infallibility, is armed and aimed."
Not good enough This is not good enough for today's laity, according to McAleese. "Do the faithful lie down and take it? Do they humbly submit to an edict which purports to bind in perpetuity? Not in Ireland they don't. Nowadays, they argue back, armed with the insights of fresh, modern scholarship which puts conservative dogmatic theologians under a harsh and unforgiving spotlight.
"Nowadays, women of profound faith can be heard to say that they feel called to the priesthood. They speak with a new-found confidence and are listened to with a new-found respect."
In a 2012 interview with Gay Byrne on RT television she disclosed that, where the ban on women priests in the Catholic Church was concerned, she had written to John Paul II wondering whether, with her views, she was really a member of the church any more.
She got "a lovely letter back on his behalf", assuring her she was indeed a member of the churchbut asking that she try her best to accept church teaching. She wrote to the then archbishop of Dublin, Desmond Connell, seeking literature on the issue. What she received back was "wickedly poor scholarship", she said.
That same month, October 2012, McAleese made clear the mission of her post-presidential life at the launch in Dublin of Quo Vadis? , her book on canon law: she is intent on being a thorn in the side of Rome for the rest of her days. "I'm here for the long term," she, shall we say, advised the church authorities. "Get used to it."
For the rest of her life, she said,"this is where I place myself; at the heart of my church's struggle to be part of a world where love will prevail".
She continued: "For the first time in the 2,000-year history of the Catholic Church, we have the phenomenon of an educated laity. The church isn't sure how to handle us yet, because for most of those 2,000 years they hadn't to deal with an educated laity."
The great change in the future was that lay people would stop being passive. "They will do what canon 212.3 says: 'Tell your sacred pastors what you think.' Let them know your opinion."
Also at the launch were most of those Irish priests silenced by the Vatican. She has championed those priests but as a lawyer would, on the grounds that none has been allowed due process. All were "tried and convicted" without their knowledge and became aware they were under investigation only once sentence had been passed.
For now she resides in Rome as she studies for her doctorate on children's rights in canon law. It should be finished towards the end of next year. Her intention, even ambition, is to continue to aggravate Rome over its attitude to women, gay people, governance, mandatory celibacy and more for the remainder of her days. At 63 years old, she has lots of those left.
She will do this through occasional articles, addresses and interviews such as that at UCD this week. Personally, sources say, she has no ambition to be directly involved in heading any Vatican congregation or body. She, apparently, is intent on remaining "unbecoming" where her church is concerned.
Those who may be upset at this should just, well, get used to it.
June 21, 2014 | McGarry, Patsy
Copyright 2009 The Irish Times.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The 2-day Trainer course took a closer look on the 7 principles of Leave No Trace.
These 7 principles offer an outdoor ethic on how to enjoy the outdoors without leaving a lasting impact. This outdoor ethic should be applied during single and multi-day trips to the outdoors. Leaving no impact when enyoing nature is particularly important in Wilderness. Leaving garbage or human waste or stepping off the trail can have significant long-lasting impacts. For example it may trample the vegetation or destroy the community of organisms beyond repair, which will lead to soil erosion. The 7 principles of Leave No Trace offer guidance on how to sustainably experience and preserve Wilderness.
The participants of the trainer course came from various backgrounds. Some being Wilderness Rangers for the first time. Others being some steps ahead in their Wilderness career. Every participant had to present a snapshop of a principle with the help of different teaching methods. Lectures, discussions, scenarios, games and role plays as well as the use of teachable moments brought the message across. When choosing the appropriate teaching method for a principle, some other points have to be taken in account too. For example, the demographic structure of the workshop participants. Various discussions about participants' hands-on leave no trace experiences enriched the content of the course. These discussions also brought up the varying approaches of Leave No Trace in differing environments. Methods that work in a forest might not work in the desert or a beach, for example.
An important next step will be to adapt the content of the 7 principles to the European context. This means taking European and national legislations and customs into account. Awareness Workshops with this customised content will be offered by the European Wilderness Society to their Network and interested parties and people soon.
The European Wilderness Society offers many kinds of training. Interested? Please take a look on our website and feel free to contact us!
It is also possible to take this course in German.


text:
Barrett's Esophagus Center
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Barrett's Esophagus Center at Baylor Clinic in Houston, Texas, offers the latest screening and therapeutic techniques for managing GERD and Barrett's esophagus. Led by Drs. Mohamed Othman, Sharmila Anandasabapathy and Hashem El-Serag, our expert team of specialists uses advanced endoscopic technology, including endoscopic ultrasound to detect and assess suspicious tissue, and new state-of-the-art treatment such as the use of radio frequency ablation and endoscopic resection to remove suspicious tissue. For more information or to make an appointment call (713) 798-0950.
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Barrett's Esophagus Center offers a wide spectrum of services that are part of our comprehensive approach from diagnosis to treatment for patients with Barrett's esophagus.
Read about Barrett's esophagus related research, faculty, news and events at Baylor College of Medicine.
Call today to schedule an appointment or fill out an online request form. If requested before 2 p.m. you will receive a response today.
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Below is a list of the largest graduate fellowships, their application deadlines.
See http://www.karrlab.org/resources/grad-fellowships for advice on how to write successful applications and examples of successful applications.
Below is a list of the largest postdoctoral fellowships are their application deadlines.
Postdoc/faculty transition awards are designed to provide senior postdocs with 2 years of additional funding to complete their postdoctoral training and three years of funding to start their own independent laboratory at another institution. Below are the largest transition award programs, their application deadlines, and links to advice on how to write successful applications.


You can go for a walk on the Beach at Clonea, walk in Colligan Woods or do some hill walking.
Anyone visiting can also avail of equestrian activities at the Coolbell Riding Stables in Dungarvan, contact Martina McGrath 086 2326598.
There are 3 golf clubs withing 10 minutes of the town.
If there is enough demand, we can organize some sea fishing.
The town has some very good restaurants and bars.
On Saturday night after the Clan Dinner & Show, we have organized a VIP area in Club Creation for anyone who would like to go disco dancing.
The opening will take place on Friday in Waterford County Museum, this museum is worth a visit.
Dungarvan Castle is also worth visiting and will be on the walking tour of the town on Sunday afternoon.
We will check out if there are any hurling or gaelic football games in the area over the weekend, fixtures will not be out till start of June.
This entry was posted in Uncategorized on April 20, 2013 by McGrath Clan (official).


Southwest Florida has a large selection of condos for sale from luxury beachfront condos to vacation condos in gated communities. Townhouses and Villas are typically classified as condos in the database. Condos come in three structure types; Highrise Condos having (8+) stories, Midrise Condos having (4-7) stories and Lowrise Condos (1-3) stories. Penthouses are some of the most spectacular condos we offer for sale, with majestic views of the world class beach and incredible sunsets over the Gulf of Mexico. Highrise condos are typically located along the coastline with Midrise to Lowrise Condos situated further inland. Select from the price ranges below and call for updated association fees.
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Stanley Forbes says there's nothing complicated about having a successful marriage – it's all about love. On Tuesday, he and his wife Ruth celebrated their 64th wedding anniversary.
The two St-Eugène natives were in their early 20s when they met at a youth group hosted by the Breadalbane Baptist Church, in North Glengarry.
Ruth was a school teacher at the time. She had graduated from McGill University and she was teaching French and Latin at the high schools in Maxville and Gananoque. Stanley was busy working on his family farm and dreaming of opening his own business.
After a brief courtship, the two married and had three children, Eleanor, Dorothy and Stuart.
During the late 1930s electricity lines began to be installed in Ontario and Stanley saw an opportunity. He launched his own electrical and refrigeration business and began connecting most of the farms, homes and businesses to the new electrical grid as it was being installed in Vankleek Hill.
"I started when the provincial trade organizations were still just trying to get organized," said Stanley.
During the war, Ruth went to work at the "Commonwealth Training Centre," in St-Eugène, where pilots were being trained for the war effort. Stanley kept farming and also worked in munitions.
In 1967, the couple opened up a new funeral home in Vankleek Hill. Stanley designed the building, which remains in business today.
"At that time, you couldn't name the funeral home after yourself unless you were a funeral director. It worked out better this way. I named it "Hillcrest Funeral Home," because it was at the top of a hill with a view that stretched to Rigaud," said Stanley.
Fred Slater was hired as the first funeral director, serving for two years. Walter Davison was hired to replace him, staying for many years working with Ruth and Stanley, who owned the business for 30 years.
In 1998, they sold Hillcrest Funeral Home to Mark and Lisa Henderson, who had replaced Davidson a number of years earlier.
Stanley and Ruth now live at the Heritage Lodge, in Vankleek Hill. The two 90-year-olds say they are fortunate to be together and in good health all these years later. And they are still in love.
"We're very fortunate," said Stanley.


text:
tuvamarket.ru
thomas macclatchie the chinese on the plain of shinar or a connection established between and all other nations through their theology
Hardy Thomas Under the Greenwood Tree
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) was an English novelist and poet. The wonderful story of the romantic entanglement between church musician, Dick Dewey, and the attractive new school mistress, Fancy Day. Under the Greenwood Tree is one of Thomas Hardys most gentle and pastoral novels.
Reverend Awdry W. Thomas the Tank Engine: A Day at Football
The perfect introduction to Thomas the Tank Engine! This beautifully illustrated picture book finds Thomas and James having a competition during the biggest football match of the year. The two engines play reds vs blues and race to deliver their football fans to the game on time. A Day at the Football for Thomas is a great way to introduce the little blue engine to children aged 2 and up. Little ones will love meeting classic characters and enjoying the fun down on The Fat Controllers railway.
The Stories Behind 101 Chinese Idioms Gems of the Language Through Ages Book Study and Culture
The Bilingual Reading of the Chinese Classic:the Book Changes in chinese and english
The Bilingual Reading of the Chinese Classic:the Chuang Tzu in chinese and english
The Bilingual Reading of the Chinese Classic:the Book Rites in chinese and english
The Bilingual Reading of the Chinese Classic:the Confucian Analects in and English
Collins Chinese Pocket Dictionary
564Offering the user up-to-date coverage of todays Chinese and English. Clear layout and presentation of information makes it ideal for all learners of both languages, for study, business and pleasure. Designed for those studying both English and Chinese, whether at school, for work or for travel, this is the ideal text for anyone who needs reliable information in a handy, portable format. -Offers up-to-date coverage of Chinese and English, with thousands of phrases and examples guiding the user to the most appropriate translation. -Help with the pronunciation of Chinese words, the dictionary includes pinyin for all Chinese headwords, translations, phrases and examples. Pinyin is the official phonetic system for transcribing Chinese characters into the Roman alphabet, and is accepted in all Chinese-speaking countries. - In addition, the dictionary also includes both simplified and traditional or complex Chinese characters. Simplified characters are generally used in mainland China and Singapore, while traditional characters are mainly used in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. - The radical index is a clear guide to looking up Chinese characters, helping the user to navigate the dictionary and find Chinese characters without knowing their pronunciation.o A practical supplement covers correspondence in Chinese and English, including sample letters, emails and CVs. 3-е издание.
Hardy Thomas A Group of Noble Dames
Thomas Hardy (1840-1928) was an English novelist and poet. A Group Of Noble Dames is great short story collection, which includes such works like The Lady Penelope, The Duchess Of Hamptonshire, The Honourable Laura and others.
Peacock Thomas Love The Misfortunes of Elphin
Thomas Love Peacock was an English novelist, poet, and official of the East India Company. The Misfortunes of Elphin is a novella, which is set in a somewhat historically fanciful Arthurian Britain which incorporates many Welsh legends, but avoids all supernatural and mystical elements.
Ant Thomas And Friends Wood Bridge For Train Track Toy Trucks Kids Toys Trains The Model Car Rail toy car
Haggard Henry Rider Montezumas Daughter
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. First person narration by Thomas Wingfield, an Englishman whose adventures include having his mother murdered, a brush with the Spanish Inquisition, shipwreck, and slavery as he searches for the Spanish villian who killed Thomas mother. He is relating the story 70 years after it opens in 1578. Thomas revenge quest takes him to Mexico becoming involved with Cortez as Thomas sides with the Aztecs.
Dashner James The Fever Code
The world has ended: the earth is scorched, and fever rages through the population. Out of the chaos, a boy emerges with the power to change everything: Thomas. This is the start of his story. Anelectrifying Maze Runner prequel, The Fever Code holds all the answers: How did WICKED find the Gladers? Who are Group B? Whose side are Thomas and Teresa really on? Lies will be exposed. Secrets uncovered. Loyalties proven. Youll never see the truth coming ...
Hardy Thomas Tess of the DUrbervilles
An unforgettably powerful tragedy, Thomas Hardys Tess of the DUrbervilles is one of the great classics of the late nineteenth century. This edition features illustrations by Sir Hubert von Herkomer and Joseph Syddall, and an afterword by Philip Mallett, editor of the Thomas Hardy Journal. Tess Durbeyfields father forcibly sends her off to work for the wealthy DUrberville family, hoping to alleviate their poverty and perhaps secure her a marriage to the cruel and manipulative Alec DUrberville. His terrible assault upon her, and the subsequent child, form the terrible heart of Tesss tragic life - as family, love and future are taken away from her by the repressive mores of Victorian society. Designed to appeal to the booklover, the Macmillan Collectors Library is a series of beautiful gift editions of much loved classic titles. Macmillan Collectors Library are books to love and treasure.
Yamin Ma, Xinying Li Easy Steps to Chinese 1 - Students Book (+CD)
Fun and effective, this excellent textbook series adopts an exciting new approach to teaching Chinese as a foreign language. The task-based program, designed by the authors of the popular Chinese Made Easy and Chinese Made Easy for Kids, is based on feedback and helpful suggestions from teachers who use those series in their classrooms. The new program includes careful pacing, up-to-date topics, attractive page designs, and practical tasks and activities. In the workbooks, students practice Pinyin and strokes, write Chinese characters, and more. Students acquire a vocabulary of 1,600 characters and confidence in speaking and writing Chinese. The series includes Textbook with an audio CD, Workbook, Teachers Book with a CD, Picture Flash Cards and Word Cards. Language: Chinese.
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text:
Q: Is has and belongs to many suitable Am new to this site, looking forward to getting more involved :)
I'm creating a customer ordering system using rails3, devise, cancan etc.
In brief, we three models:

*

*Users

*Companies

*Orders

I'm struggling to understand the relationships though. Initially the users had many companies and the companies belonged to a user.
However, we actually have two sorts of user:

*

*The admin staff here who can create companies, update details etc.

*Our customers who can login and see only their companies and related orders.

I thought about creating two controllers - admin and users but it seems unnecessary and not very rails. Plus cancan can do all that I think.
What do you think we should do here? We were thinking about using the has_and_belongs_to_many relationship but most people online seem to say avoid it.
Thanks,
Jenny
--- edit ---
Thanks to all of you who've helped!
After some reading, I decided to use the has many through association.
I created a new model called agreement and set my models up as follows:
class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :agreements
  has_many :companies, :through => :agreements
end

class Company < ActiveRecord::Base
  has_many :agreements
  has_many :users, :through => :agreements
end

I'm a little stuck though and can't find a good example online.
Should I be creating a user and company separately and then create an agreement to match the two up?
Again, thanks for the help All.

A: Given the description it sounds like you have:

*

*Users

*Customers

*Companies

*Orders

The Admins are Users who have the role allowing them access to the create,update on the companies.  A customer belongs to a company and may also be a 'user' depending on the information you store in the User model.
As for the HABTM it's still ok to use if you aren't putting additional data within the join table.  Typically though you'll have some information in the join table since it provides additional context to the join.
A nice resource for sample data models, and to give some ideas around the Entities and relationships is Library of Free Data Models

A: You can go with has_many :through .As it seems application will surely need some continuous changes in the coming future.So in this case it will be helpful
Reply if any queries
Thanx

A: First, you need to know what you really want to achieve, understand the relationships and how the relationship needs to look like. Draw some entity relationship model on paper, that helps.
Personally, I prefer to user has_many :through because if you need to store additional data for that relation (which may be the case when extening your app) you're already set and don't need to migrate your tables and models from habtm to has_many :through.
For the user permissions, stick to cancan.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Pepe Hernández's basslines have earned him quite a reputation in his native Mexico. There they call him Mr. Groove. Known for his work in Latin jazz, folk and pop music scenes, the popular touring and session bassist, composer and producer has recorded more than 500 albums. Over the last 35 years he's also played with some of the top names in Mexican and Latin American music, including José José, Emmanuel, Vikki Carr, Eugenia León, Guadalupe Pineda, Armando Manzanero and Tania Libertad.
FBPO's Jon Liebman met up with Hernández to discuss recent albums, gear and some ambitious upcoming projects.
Watch our interview with Pepe!


In every generation, jazz musicians have their preferences in melody, harmony, and rhythm, and there are many older musical forms and devices that can be dusted off and given new life by musicians who find them useful. Many young musicians who have learned all the clichés of their generation and are seeking to extend their vocabularies begin studying traditional harmonic devices. There is much to explore, and each player can find many ways to develop a personal approach to utilizing traditional harmonic patterns in various other styles of jazz.
Given below are a few progressions that use common tones (tones that are held when moving from one chord to another). Progressions like these should be practiced in all keys. In transposing, one often hears new solutions to musical problems.
The keyboard player can discover a wealth of harmonic devices in the compositions of Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn, Benny Golson, and many other jazz composers. Lead sheets don't always indicate the composer's voicing of the chords, so it helps to listen to and analyze the approaches of several pianists who play in different styles. Check out the recorded solos of Hank Jones, Jimmy Jones, Stanley Cowell, and Roland Hanna for starters, and then note how Willie "The Lion" Smith, Mary Lou Williams, and Thelonious Monk handle similar musical devices. In many of my published piano solos [Hansen Publications, 1842 West Ave., Miami Beach, FL 33139] I use common-tone progressions and other devices which, though similar to progressions found in European classical music, are to be found in abundance in the jazz repertoire.
Jazz harmony has a vitality all its own because so many jazz artists use harmony to express themselves in a very personal way. This is easy to hear when a jazz artist plays his or her own compositions. Simple harmonies can sound rich when run through sophisticated electronic equipment, but even keyboard players who have been satisfied with this sound are increasingly searching for more complex progressions in order to relieve the monotony of music, which is highly oriented toward rhythm.
So experiment. Study the jazz repertoire and traditional European harmony as well. Make up your own examples. You'll be amazed at where your imagination can take you.


Where an online course has been purchased and access given to the customer via our website, we have a 14-day money back guarantee (from date of purchase) as long as less than 50% of the course has been completed. Email admin@justjhoom.co.uk for info.
Delivery is instant via a membership programme on the website. On payment, the user will get immediate access to Module 1 in every course (unless otherwise stated). The delivery of subsequent modules depends on course type.


text:
Dieser Artikel behandelt die Schweizer U-20 Fußballnationalmannschaft der Frauen bei der U-20-Fußball-Weltmeisterschaft der Frauen 2010.

Die Schweiz qualifizierte sich als einer der Halbfinalisten der  U-19-Fußball-Europameisterschaft der Frauen 2009 für die Endrunde der Weltmeisterschaft.

Aufgebot

(*) angegeben sind nur die Spiele und Tore, die vor Beginn der Weltmeisterschaft in der U-20 Mannschaft absolviert bzw. erzielt wurden.

Vorrunde
In der Vorrunde der Weltmeisterschaft 2010 in Deutschland traf die Schweizer U-20 Fußballnationalmannschaft der Frauen in der Gruppe D auf Südkorea, USA und Ghana.

 Mittwoch, 14. Juli 2010, 15:00 Uhr in Dresden
 Schweiz –  Südkorea 0:4 (0:2)

 Samstag, 17. Juli 2010, 18:00 Uhr in Dresden
 USA –  Schweiz 5:0 (3:0)

 Mittwoch, 21. Juli 2010, 18:00 Uhr in Bochum
 Ghana –  Schweiz 2:0 (2:0)

Schweiz
Schweizer Fussballnationalmannschaft

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Image Title: Bailey Vanity Stool Frontgate Inside With Designs 3. Post Title: Vanity With Stool. Filename: bailey-vanity-stool-frontgate-inside-with-designs-3.jpg. Image Dimension: 685 x 685 pixels. Images Format: jpg/jpeg. Publisher/Author: Korey Effertz. Uploaded Date: Thursday - March 08th. 2018 13:18:08 PM. Category: Architecture. Image Source: architecture.com. With Decor Sandusky Free 14. Stool 43 Vanity For Pearl Inspirations Reviews Intended To AllModern Regarding Today Home 5. Wayfair Legged Georgia Pertaining 4. Modern PBteen Himalayan 12. Bailey Amazon White Com Shipping Mirror Main Westwood Target Joss Design 18. Urban Antique Surprise Idea Off 0. Mclendon Regard Safavieh Chrome 2. Collection Designs Decorations Glam Mercer 17. Beachcrest Faux 1. Acrylic 8.


ENCINITAS — In an apparent suicide, an unidentified white male victim was struck and killed by a southbound Amtrak Pacific Surfliner train at 8:25 a.m. Tuesday near Vulcan Street and F Street, according to Sheriff's Lt. Scott Amos.
Encinitas Sheriff's deputies and Amtrak officials responded to the scene to investigate the collision and collect evidence.
Medical examiners arrived at the collision site shortly after 10 a.m. to inspect the body.
The Surfliner train involved in the collision remained at the scene until just after 10 a.m, with all of its passengers remaining onboard.
Some train traffic resumed at about 10:35 a.m.
The investigation is ongoing, and the victim's identity has not yet been released.


text:
package org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.plugins.segment.file;

import static org.junit.Assume.assumeTrue;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;

import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.plugins.segment.SegmentNodeStore;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.commit.CommitInfo;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.commit.EmptyHook;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.state.NodeBuilder;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Rule;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.rules.TemporaryFolder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 *
Tests verifying if the repository gets corrupted or not: {@code OAK-2481 IllegalStateException in TarMk with large number of properties}

 *
 *
These tests are disabled by default due to their long running time. On the
 * command line specify {@code -DLargeNumberOfPropertiesTestIT=true} to enable
 * them.

 *
 *
If you only want to run this test:

 * {@code mvn verify -Dsurefire.skip.ut=true -PintegrationTesting -Dit.test=LargeNumberOfPropertiesTestIT -DLargeNumberOfPropertiesTestIT=true}
 *

 */
public class LargeNumberOfPropertiesTestIT {

    private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory
            .getLogger(LargeNumberOfPropertiesTestIT.class);
    private static final boolean ENABLED = Boolean
            .getBoolean(LargeNumberOfPropertiesTestIT.class.getSimpleName());

    @Rule
    public TemporaryFolder folder = new TemporaryFolder();

    private File getFileStoreFolder() {
        return folder.getRoot();
    }

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws IOException {
        assumeTrue(ENABLED);
    }

    @Test
    public void corruption() throws Exception {
        FileStore fileStore = FileStore.builder(getFileStoreFolder()).withMaxFileSize(5)
                .withNoCache().withMemoryMapping(true).build();
        SegmentNodeStore nodeStore = SegmentNodeStore.builder(fileStore).build();

        NodeBuilder root = nodeStore.getRoot().builder();

        try {
            NodeBuilder c = root.child("c" + System.currentTimeMillis());
            // i=26 hits the hard limit for the number of properties a node can
            // have (262144)
            for (int i = 0; i < 25; i++) {
                LOG.debug("run {}/24", i);
                for (int j = 0; j < 10000; j++) {
                    c.setProperty("int-" + i + "-" + j, i);
                }
            }
            nodeStore.merge(root, EmptyHook.INSTANCE, CommitInfo.EMPTY);
        } finally {
            fileStore.close();
        }
    }

}


Which tune for your hymn? How to confuse your funeral singer!
We've all been there, opened the 'word only' hymnbook to a hymn we think we know, and then the organ starts playing a tune we've never heard before!
This issue has come to a head for our next funeral singing engagement, where the hymn chosen by the family each have at least 2 tunes, and in one case, a mighty 7.


Wesbank Car Insurance is one of the oldest car finance companies in South Africa and part of a much larger financial empire.
Wesbank started 40 years ago and offers many different services. They give personal loans to individuals, help people buy and sell cars as well as offer credit and Petro cards. For businesses, they help companies to buy assets such as vehicles and equipment.
Apart from lending people and businesses money to buy things, Wesbank, also provides insurance services.
In general, they offer three kinds of insurance: business insurance, personal insurance and vehicle insurance.
Wesbank Car insurance, as one of the leading car insurance companies in South Africa, has a good selection of covers that car owners can use. Wesbank's main vehicle insurance product is the comprehensive car insurance cover. Unlike other companies that claim to offer the best car insurance in South Africa, Wesbank does not offer other limited types of cover.
You will not get third party only insurance or fire and theft cover there. If you buy a car through Wesbank car finance, they will require you to take comprehensive insurance on it. This way both you and Wesbank will be protected in case of loss.
The comprehensive cover offered by Wesbank Car Insurance, like that offered by other insurance companies, covers you from all types of damage or loss. If the car is involved in an accident, Wesbank will pay for repairs to it.
Should you get involved in an accident and other people are hurt or suffer a loss in any way, Wesbank will take care of repairs to their car and medical expenses. If the people take you to court, Wesbank will pay the lawyer's fees and other costs.
Even if your car is damaged by fire or stolen, Wesbank will compensate you. That is why when looking for insurance for cars, it is always recommended to go for the comprehensive cover even when other types are available.
This is why Wesbank Car Insurance believes you are better off paying a little extra for complete cover.
Besides the primary comprehensive cover, Wesbank Car Insurance offers car owners other additional kinds of cover.
CoverPlus is great if you're buying your car through Wesbank Finance or any other car loan company. If the car is stolen or is damaged beyond repair and you have not finished paying for it, the CoverPlus cover will pay the remainder.
This will save you the pain of continuing to pay for a car you can no longer use. Even when the vehicle gets minor dents or scratches, you can use this cover to repair them.
The SMART cover is even better for minor car repairs. If you have this cover, mobile repairs can be done on your car whenever it is possible. The process of settling your claim is easy and the monthly payments are not very big. The plus side is that you'll get a better price for your car when you wish to sell it.
So when looking the best car insurance South Africa has to offer, be sure to pick car insurance quotes from Wesbank Car Insurance.


text:
Q: Sorting game object in front of canvas how do I sort game object in front of canvas?
notice that Render Mode set to screen space - overlay
hope you have another option instead of change render mode to camera

A: UI elements in the Canvas are drawn in the same order they appear in the Hierarchy. The first child is drawn first, the second child next, and so on. If two UI elements overlap, the later one will appear on top of the earlier one.
In case you need to render a 3d gameobject you cannot use the screen space overlay, and need to switch to screen sapace camera.
Everything is very well explained here.
If you could share more details of the concrete problem, what is the outcome of your attempt and what is the result expected, you will be able to obtain more accurate help.


When it comes to choosing a metallic paint for a do-it-yourself project, high-end decorative finish or large architectural specification, Builders Warehouse has you covered. Metallics are so on-trend for home decor. Whether you go all out with an accent wall or just add a bit of gold spray paint to a thrifted object, you cannot go wrong when it comes to bringing bling to your rooms. Check out these chic homes shiny inspiration on giving your home a glam facelift.
If you are looking for a speciality finish, then try a sleek, luminous finish of shimmering metal. Metallic is a sleek, luminous finish that lends a shimmering richness to classic colours and introduces a timeless luxury to walls, trim and architectural elements throughout the home.


text:
require_relative 'spec_helper'
require ::File.join ::File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'libraries', 'config_helpers'

describe 'openstack-common::default' do
  describe 'module Openstack config_helpers' do
    let(:runner) { ChefSpec::SoloRunner.new(CHEFSPEC_OPTS) }
    let(:node) { runner.node }
    cached(:chef_run) do
      runner.converge(described_recipe)
    end
    let(:subject) { Object.new.extend(Openstack) }
    include_context 'library-stubs'
    before do
      node.override['openstack']['anyservice']['conf'] =
        {
          'Default' => { 'logfile' => 'file_to_log' },
          'secret_section' => {},
          'another_section' => { 'foo' => 'bar', 'baz' => 'yay' },
          'deep_section' => {
            'foo' => { key: 'bar', value: 'baz' },
            'baz' => 'yay',
          },
        }
      node.override['openstack']['anyservice']['conf_secrets'] =
        {
          'Default' => { 'secret_log' => 'secret_file_to_log' },
          'secret_section' => { 'password' => '1234' },
          'another_section' => { 'secret_foo' => 'secret_bar' },
          'another_secret_section' => { 'secret_baz' => 'secret_yay' },
        }
    end

    describe 'merge_config_options' do
      it ' node objects should be duped and be kind of Mash afterwards' do
        expect(
          subject.merge_config_options('anyservice')
        ).to be_a(Mash)
      end
      it 'duped node objects should be merged correctly' do
        expect(
          subject.merge_config_options('anyservice')
        ).to eq(
          'Default' => { 'logfile' => 'file_to_log', 'secret_log' => 'secret_file_to_log' },
          'secret_section' => { 'password' => '1234' },
          'another_section' => { 'foo' => 'bar', 'baz' => 'yay', 'secret_foo' => 'secret_bar' },
          'another_secret_section' => { 'secret_baz' => 'secret_yay' },
          'deep_section' => {
            'foo' => { 'key' => 'bar', 'value' => 'baz' },
            'baz' => 'yay',
          }
        )
      end
    end
  end
end


If you would like our help creating a layout, please click the Groundmount Layout Request Form.
Xpress GM simplifies and accelerates ground-mount installations. Leveraging over 25 years of engineering and foundation expertise has allowed us to tailor a product offering to serve our clients in both the commercial and residential groundmount markets.
Foundation is key to ensuring the racking and modules will perform and produce the output that stakeholders require. For this reason, we will work with you and your engineering partners to ensure we are supplying the right foundation, be it a Post, Helical Pile, or Ground screw.
The Xpress GM Residential is a hybrid system, using small ground screws and readily available local ballast. It's designed to be simple, durable, and easy to install.


text:
Our Seas Are What We Make Of Them (Goethe Institut Amsterdam)
« Stories of Paintings by Alejandro Vergara II (Instituto Cervantes)
Bartok International Arts Weeks (Embassy of Hungary The Hague) »
The Goethe Institute invites you to Our Seas Are What We Make Of Them, a group exhibition with a public program that will take place from April 2 to 11, 2021 at the Laurel Project Space in Amsterdam.
For this occasion, artists from different parts of the world have come together in the historic rooms of the former telephone service in Watergraafsmeer. This area is a polder that was created in 1629 after the Diemermeer was dyed and is closely linked to the water management and colonial history of the Netherlands. Referring to the location, the exhibition becomes a vessel, a stage and an amplifier for the voices that think with the help of the oceans, stories and sexuality. The exhibition title is taken from the hydrofeminist essay by Hélène Cixous, The Laugh of the Medusa.
Curated by Angeliki Tzortzakaki, the exhibition presents works by Sophie Utikal (USA), Antonio López Espinosa (Spain), Kristina Õllek (Estonia), Sara Milio (Italy), Enar de Dios Rodríguez (Spain), and Baratto & Mouravas (Italy, Greece).
In addition to the exhibition, there will be a reading group, singing workshop, radio show, and a pop-up bookstore courtesy of San Serriff, organised by Isadora Tomasi and Constanza Bizraelli (CAO).
Visit the Goethe Institute website for further details on exact times and dates.
Laurel Project Space
Kamerlingh Onneslaan 1
Amsterdams Fonds voor de Kunst


Please join us Thursday, July 19th from 9:00am - 12:00pm for our annual UTC Open at Topgolf that takes traditional golf and adds a tech-twist! This is an exclusive event for UTC's top executives.
Only one executive from each company is invited to attend. Invites are non-transferrable.
Registration closes Saturday, June 30th at 5:00pm.
Sponsorship opportunities are availble--hurry now while they last! Contact Heather Lynes, Hlynes@utahtech.org, or Dave Smart, Dsmart@utahtech.org, for details.
Please e-mail hlynes@utahtech.org with any event questions.


text:
IPTV and interactive TV on the NAB conference agenda
Internet protocol television will be one of the topics high on the agenda at the annual convention of the National Association of Broadcasters in Las Vegas, billed as the world's largest electronic media show.
The keynote address for the opening of the NAB conference will be delivered by Ivan Seidenberg, chairman and chief executive of Verizon, which is aiming to deliver video services over its fibre optic telephone network.
In another conference keynote, the president of CNN in the United States will be speaking on IPTV: The Technology and Market Outlook. Jonathan Klein will discuss the impact and future of convergent media platforms in a session that will consider the opportunities and the potential pitfalls of adopting a multiplatform approach to content delivery.
Klein became president of CNN in the United States at the end of last year. Previously he was president and chief executive of The Feed Room, a broadband video company he founded in 1999.
A panel will then discuss how IPTV will enable operators to launch next generation services over existing infrastructure. Among the panel will be Jeff Weber, who is in charge of product and strategy for internet protocol operations at SBC, which is planning to roll out next generation video services as part of its Project Lightspeed initiative.
Later that afternoon, Lee Friedman, research director for IPTV services at BellSouth will discuss Interfaces, Middleware and Services for IPTV.
William Cooper of informitv will be speaking in the Broadcast Engineering Conference on Integrating Interactivity into Mainstream Broadcasting, discussing some of the issues involved in delivering successful interactive services and making the case that IPTV could finally deliver on the promise of interactive television.
The NAB conference and exhibition in Las Vegas runs from 16-21 April.
www.nabshow.com
8K on the agenda
ATSC 3.0 offered as international standard
NEXTGEN TV on show at CES
United States has 120 million television homes
NEXTGEN TV consumer name for ATSC 3.0


Outgoing Williams head of vehicle performance Rob Smedley has called for the maligned British Formula 1 team to improve in multiple aspects of the entire business and 'there's never one magic bullet'.
During the build-up to the Brazilian Grand Prix, Williams confirmed Smedley would leave the team at the end of the season having joined in 2014 from Ferrari.
Smedley, who is looking forward to spending more time with his family before assessing his future options in F1, has reflected on his time at Williams and pointed to where the team needs to improve after a disastrous 2018 campaign which leaves them at the foot of the constructors' championship.
"There's never one magic bullet. I think in all areas really, you can never stop learning and improving," Smedley said. "I think it would be a mistake to pinpoint one area and say that has to be the sole concentration or that's the sole problem; it's not.
"As with anything that's not quite working as well as it should be, or as efficiently as it should be, with any business, with any organisation, it's never one thing.
"There are areas that need modernisation, there are areas that need change and there are areas you should recognise that are strong compared to other Formula 1 teams but are not supported in other ways.
Smedley reiterated his faith in the current Williams management headed by Claire Williams to lead both the business and F1 team through its tricky period.
Smedley says he's eager to remain in F1 having been approached by different offers from rival teams but expressed his plan to serve his gardening leave from Williams without any distractions of weighing up his next career move.


text:
2008 ASA Midwest Tour season
Public holidays in Samoa
Labor Day in the United States is a public holiday celebrated on the first Monday in September. It honors the American labor movement and the contributions that workers have made to the strength, prosperity, and well-being of the country. It is the Monday of the long weekend known as Labor Day Weekend and it is considered the unofficial end of summer.
Beginning in the late 19th century, as the trade union and labor movements grew, trade unionists proposed that a day be set aside to celebrate labor. "Labor Day" was promoted by the Central Labor Union and the Knights of Labor, which organized the first parade in New York City. In 1887, Oregon was the first state of the United States to make it an official public holiday. By the time it became an official federal holiday in 1894, thirty U.S. states officially celebrated Labor Day.
Canada's Labour Day is also celebrated on the first Monday of September. More than 80 countries celebrate International Workers' Day on May 1 – the ancient European holiday of May Day – and several countries have chosen their own dates for Labour Day.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Labor_Day
The 2008 ASA Kwik-Trip Midwest Tour presented by Echo Outdoor Power Equipment was the second season of the American Speed Association's Midwest Tour. The championship was held over 14 races, beginning April 19 in Elko, Minnesota, and ending October 5 in West Salem, Wisconsin. Dan Fredrickson was the champion.
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/2008_ASA_Midwest_Tour_season
This page contains text from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia - https://wn.com/Public_holidays_in_Samoa
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Labor Day, Paint It Black
Labor Day, Dead Milkmen
Labor Day, Hudson Falcons
I know that some days it feels like a 9 to 5 deathmarch.
And that's half the waking day taken away.
I'm pretty sure that we imagined something more.
Don't let that fire in your eyes flicker and fade.
They're experts at extinguishing hope, so you better hold it and keep it sclose.
It's a one-round match; you better grab it by the throat.
And don't let go...
I'd like to say hats off to the slash-and-burn architects,
They know exactly where despair and commerce intersect.
They've sloved the equation for the gold rush, soul-crush;
Three hundred million open mouths choking on the surplus.
Archeologists in Egypt discovered a 4,300 year-old mummy — possibly the oldest one ever found in the country — during an extraordinary dig near Cairo, officials announced Thursday ... Previous 1 of 6. Next ... The monumental discovery comes just days after authorities said they found the ruins of an ancient Roman city near the southern city of Luxor, where they also found dozens of burial sites from the New Kingdom era, dating from 1800 B.C....
नसबंदी पर ईरान ने लगाई रोक; आबादी दुनिया की परेशानी, भारत के लिए मौका
National Youth Day 2023; . Comparisons of Working Age Population and Labor Force Participation इसीलिए चीन ......


text:
Q: Does PHP exec() create processes or threads I do not know the inner workings of php exec() but I like to know if it create processes or threads for execution of external command.

A: When you call exec php does not create a thread, it creats a new child process.
more information here PHP exec() performance

A: It has to be a process. You can't launch a new shell in a thread. Threads are delineations of a single process: you cannot start a new program without creating a new process.


Honey-Met: We still produce with our long-lasting traditions.
In the production of Honey-Met, Martina Thauern is supported strongly by her family. In addition to the semi-automatic bottling of honey wine, a lot of manual work is necessary, until the finished product can leave the winery to the wholesalers and customers.
Neutral quality checks by independent institutes are self-evident for us. Only by a modern winery, the best knowledge and absolute thoroughness this top product can exist at the present time.
By our special love for honey and related nuances, we have developed the unique recipe for our special Met, which is always recognized by our customers at the market.
Send us an e-mail and learn more about our services and opportunities and attractive offers.


text:
Commentary :: War and Militarism
Lt. Gen. William E. Odom: A Cassandra for Our Times
by William Hughes
Email: liamhughes (nospam) comcast.net	 21 Jan 2007
The Bush-Cheney Gang's immoral and illegal war in Iraq "hugely advances" the interest of Al Qaeda and Iran. "No American interests" are served by that conflict, according to Lt. Gen. William E. Odom, USA, Rtd. The longer U.S. forces remain in Iraq, he said, "the worse it will get." He added: "Staying the course makes no sense." Leaving Iraq now, Gen. Odom insisted, "is the only way to recover from the greatest strategic mistake in American history."
"Do the right thing. It will gratify some people and astonish the rest." - Mark Twain (1)
On September 26, 2006, Lt. General William E. Odom, USA, Retired, testified before the House of Representatives' Out of Iraq Caucus, at a Capitol Hill forum chaired by Rep. Lynn Woolsey (D-CA). He said: "The longer the U.S. stays in Iraq, the worse it will get!" His wise words are still ringing in my ears. (2) The hawkish Bush-Cheney Gang, however, has no intention of listening to Odom's sage advise. It now insists on subscribing to a new kind of insanity: "A Surge!" This means escalating the troop levels in Iraq by 20,000 to 30,000. Only the U.S. Congress, echoing the voice of the people, as a result of the Nov. 7, 2006 election, can stop this madness. Odom said: "Wise commanders know when to make tactical withdrawals in order to regain the strategic initiative. The wisdom and moral courage to change course for strategic purposes is what we need today, not mindless rhetoric about 'staying the course.' Cutting and running from Iraq is neither cowardly nor imprudent. It is the only way to recover from what is turning out to be 'the greatest strategic mistake in American history!'" (3)
Background: The Bush-Cheney Gang launched the Iraqi War based on a pack of rotten lies. Iraq's Saddam Hussein didn't have any WMD, ties to Al Qaeda or connections to 9/11. The congenital warmongers, who "fixed" the intelligence around the policy to get us into the conflict, want to compound their evildoing by sending yet more U.S. troops into what is now a raging Civil War. (4) As I write, the nation has already lost the lives of 3,052 of its bravest sons and daughters in Iraq and has created a bloodbath for the peoples of Iraq. The civilian death toll in that devastated country of 27 million is estimated at 655,000. The cost to our embattled treasury could now top a staggering $2 trillion dollars. (5)
Every day that passes of this illegal and immoral "War Without End" also creates more enemies for America in the Islamic World. (6) Gen. Odom continued with his testimony: "We must look back at whose interests were served by the invasion [of Iraq on March 20, 2003]. No American interests were served. The interests of Iran and Al Qaeda have been hugely advanced. Toppling Saddam avenged Iran's grievance for his invasion of that country and eight years of war that ended in a stalemate in 1988. More importantly, the inevitable Shiite dominance in any successor Iraqi regime greatly enhances Tehran's influence there. These were unexpected gifts to the Iranian Republic at America's expense."
Gen. Odom emphasized: "Al Qaeda is no less grateful to the U.S. than Iran. Our toppling of Saddam opened Iraq to Al Qaeda's cadres and placed Americans there where they would be vulnerable. It also boosted Al Qaeda's international appeal to young Muslims, something that was suffering after the U.S.' successful campaign in Afghanistan in 2001...The invasion harmed U.S. relations with Europe and NATO allies more than anything I can recall in the history of the alliance. Osama bin Laden has publicly noted this as a great gain for his strategy against America."
A Senior Fellow with the Hudson Institute, Gen. Odom is also a professor at Yale University. As director of the National Security Agency (NSA) from 1983 to 1988, he was responsible for the nation's signals intelligence and communications security. From 1977 to 1981, he was a Military Assistant to Zbigniew Brzezinski in President Jimmy Carter's White House. A West Point graduate, Gen. Odom earned a Ph.D. in 1970, from Columbia University.
Reinforcing his strong opinion, Gen. Odom offered this compelling rationale for getting the U.S. out of Iraq: "The implications of the strategic error of invading Iraq are two. First, 'staying the course' can make no sense. Every day we stay merely improves the position of our enemies while squandering our wealth. Even if an Iraqi regime can be created that prevents the breakup of the country, it will be extremely oppressive, anti-American, and under considerable Iranian influence. To 'stay the course' is to say that 'we must continue to advance the interests of Iran and al Qaeda, not American interests.' At the same time, being in Iraq paralyzes the U.S. strategically, denying it both diplomatic and military flexibility that are necessary to create a coalition of major powers to design and implement a larger strategy for stabilizing the whole region, not just Iraq."
With respect to Iran, Gen. Odom said: "We have a lot of common interests...The single step that would do more to turn it [the Iraqi War] around and shock the world would be an opening with Iran...They hate Al Qaeda. We hate Al Qaeda. They want to sell oil. We want to buy...[Iranians] live in a bad neighborhood... Let's cooperate..Instead of the war drums on Iran...we have a potential for an incredibly important strategic relationship there."
Finally, Gen. Odom, an Establishment figure if there ever was one, also made this cogent argument, in his Cassandra-like warning to the nation: "Once these two facts are recognized--that we are fighting in the interests of our enemies, in Iraq, and that we cannot improve things there in the larger region until we withdraw--we can begin to talk sense about what to do next. In the meanwhile, the costs go up every day. We squander American lives and money, and lose allies and the moral authority we need and used so effectively during the long course of the Cold War...(Gen. Odom made a reference here to NATO, other U.S. security alliances, and to the UN.)The longer we remain bogged down in Iraq, the closer we come to the destruction of these institutions, that have served us so well, financially, military, politically and morally. The costs to the U.S. in every one of these categories rise every additional day we continue the war."
1. "Mark Twain: A Life" by Ron Powers.
2. http://www.americanchronicle.com/articles/viewArticle.asp?articleID=1424 and
http://www.democracynow.org/article.pl?sid=06/12/07/1452222
http://www.sourcewatch.org/index.php?title=Out_of_Iraq_Congressional_Cau
http://democracyrising.us/
This writer's hat goes off to each of the intrepid members of the "Out of Iraq Caucus" of the House of Representatives and for the fine work that they have done around the Iraqi War issue. If they now can only reenergize themselves to lead the gallant struggle in the U.S. Congress to, finally, end the Iraqi War and to impeach President George W. Bush and V.P. Dick Cheney for "high crimes and misdemeanors," they will secure for themselves an enduring place of distinction and honor in the history of our Republic.
3. http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=3515724327588059305&q=william+hu and
http://www.youtube.com/view_play_list?p=2B623A1B52732F04
4. http://www.afterdowningstreet.org/ and
http://rawstory.com/news/2005/HowSenate_Intelligence_chairman_fixed_inte and
http://www.commondreams.org/views06/1213-29.htm
5. http://www.boston.com/news/world/articles/2006/01/08/economists_say_cost
6. http://www.bushwatch.com/
© William Hughes 2007
William Hughes is the author of "Saying 'No' to the War Party" (IUniverse, Inc.). He can be reached at liamhughes (at) comcast.net.
Copyright by the author. All rights reserved.


From entertainment to news and politics, to crime and conspiracy theories, podcasts have exploded over the past few years with something for relatively every interest, field and hobby. The marketing industry has an array of podcasts that are just as diverse as the field we work in. Here are some of our company favorites.
Both informative and entertaining, Joe Pulizzi and Robert Rose's This Old Marketing Podcast is a hit with content marketers everywhere. With different topics ranging from marketing trends, how to attract and retain customers, content marketing headline discussion, and more, Pulizzi and Rose are a dynamic duo that are enjoyable to listen to and filled with tons of useful marketing tips.
With new episodes uploaded every Tuesday, Perpetual Traffic is where to go if you want a podcast that focuses on the acquisition of leads and sales through paid traffic. This podcast focuses on increasing traffic and implementing tools to help you jump start your journey with paid traffic.
After writing seven memoirs and becoming a New York Times best-selling author, Donald Miller has taken the StoryBrand experience to the podcast scene. StoryBrand targets helping businesses, nonprofits, and personal brands clarify the message they want to provide to their audience. Miller emphasizes the importance of email blasts, marketing materials, and creating better websites that make sense.
In a weekly 45-minute podcast, Michael Stelzner doesn't shy away from talking about any aspect of social media marketing. By implementing success stories and interviews with experts, this podcast will help you learn new strategies, efficiently use social media tactics and gain knowledge on how to overall improve social media marketing.
The Ecommerce Influence podcast is perfect for Ecommerce business owners and online marketing executives. With 15-minute episodes, business owners can acquire practical and candid advice to help their businesses grow. Some of the topics that they go over are: email marketing, conversion rate optimization, business automation, shopping cart abandonment and more.
The premise of this podcast stays true to its name. The hosts, John J. Wall and Christopher S. Penn, record the show at a local coffee shop every week and publish episodes each Thursday. At under 20 minutes long each, episodes can vary from going over tips and tricks like staying up to date with social networks, search engine optimization and search marketing, email marketing, multivariate testing and copy writing, "old school" offline marketing campaigns, and much more.
Over at Call To Action, they break down the art and science of digital marketing, from strategy and planning to execution, measurement and optimization. With new episodes every Wednesday, they speak to: marketing directors, managers and thought leaders who are driving innovation and growth as well as the campaign strategists, copywriters, data analysts and conversion-centered designers. What's the call to action? To get inspired.
At less than 10 minutes long and published every day, the Marketing School Podcast with Neil Patel and Eric Sui has become a favorite for many marketers, since it's short and to the point. They explore different niches like how to properly hire marketing interns, how to add long-tail keywords to your content and much more. The provide tactics, tips and tools to help you grow your company and to inspire you.
Hosted by CEO, investor, vlogger, public speaker and entrepreneur, Gary Vaynerchuk, #AskGaryVee answers your questions about everything ranging from social media to marketing to business to entrepreneurship. His episodes include keynote speeches on marketing and business, interviews, fireside chats and this show provides listeners with a full audio experience.
Future Tech Podcast takes on business and marketing topics with leaders of exciting companies and dives into the world of different technologies. Our own Founder & CEO, Michael Mothner, was a guest and spoke about the creation of Wpromote and how we help clients Think Like A Challenger. We might be biased, but loved sharing about our commitment to our helping our clients grow using innovative tools and strategies.
Is Facebook Banking On Personal Banking Data?


I was watching The Perfect Storm on The Weather Channel the other night and witnessed the worst cut to commercial in the history of television.
If you're not familiar with the film, this is *the* scene in the movie, the climax…when this huge wave overwhelms the Andrea Gail and all souls are lost at sea. Bravo, Weather Channel. Next time, have somebody view the movie before you chop it up randomly for ads.
Update: This one might be worse. With about two minutes remaining in extra time of a 0-0 match between Everton and Liverpool, ITV cut away to commercial and back just in time…to see the players celebrating the winning goal. I think "wankers!" is the appropriate response here.


You will be specially trained by us in how to transport pianos and grand pianos. After a basic orientation period, you will work within the Berlin area and in long-distance transportation. We expect you to have a tidy appearance, and be reliable and flexible.


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Albert Roussel (1869-1937)
Albert Charles Paul Marie Roussel
Nationality: French
Born: April 5, 1869, Tourcoing Died: August 23, 1937, Royan (age 68)
wikipedia | imslp
Popularity Date Title Composer Last Name First Name Duration Op. Number Catalog Age Nationality
All (15) Duo (5) Piano Trio (1) Quartet (1) Quintet (2) Sextet (1) Solo (2) String Quartet (1) String Trio (1) Trio (4) Violin Sonata (2) Wind Trio (1)
Show Movements
Date Age Duration Work
Trio, Op. 40 (for flute, viola and cello)
Piano Trio in E-flat major, Op. 2
Sérénade, Op. 30 (for flute, violin, viola, cello and harp)
1931-1932 61-63 21:00
String Quartet in D major, Op. 45
1906 36-37 6:00
Divertissement, Op. 6 (for flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, bassoon and piano)
String Trio, Op. 58
Joueurs de flûte, Op. 27 (for flute and piano)
Violin Sonata No. 2 in A major, Op. 28
Violin Sonata No. 1 in d minor, Op. 11
Andante d'un Trio d'Anches Inachevé (for oboe, clarinet and bassoon)
Elpénor (for flute and string quartet), Op. 59
Segovia, Op. 29 (for solo guitar)
Impromptu, Op. 21 (for solo harp)
Andante et Scherzo, Op. 51 (for flute and piano)
Duo (for bassoon and bass)
Related Chamber Music Composers
1900 WWI WWII Gabriel Fauré (1845-1924) Vincent d'Indy (1851-1931) Claude Debussy (1862-1918) Erik Satie (1866-1925) Albert Roussel (1869-1937) Maurice Ravel (1875-1937) Paul Le Flem (1881-1984) Edgard Varèse (1883-1965) Bohuslav Martinů (1890-1959) Georges Auric (1899-1983) Émile Goué (1904-1946)
Émile Goué (1904-1946)
Born: June 13, 1904, Châteauroux Died: October 10, 1946, Neufmoutiers-en-Brie (age 42)
Paul Le Flem (1881-1984)
Born: March 18, 1881, Radon, Orne Died: July 31, 1984, Tréguier, Côtes d'Armor (age 103)
Erik Satie (1866-1925)
Born: May 17, 1866, Honfleur Died: July 1, 1925, Paris (age 59)
Edgard Varèse (1883-1965)
Born: December 22, 1883, Paris Died: November 6, 1965, New York (age 81)
Bohuslav Martinů (1890-1959)
Nationality: Czech | Bohemian
Born: December 8, 1890, Polička, Bohemia Died: August 28, 1959, Liestal, Switzerland (age 68)
Vincent d'Indy (1851-1931)
Born: March 27, 1851, Paris Died: December 2, 1931, Paris (age 80)
Georges Auric (1899-1983)
Born: February 15, 1899, Lodève Died: July 23, 1983, Paris (age 84)


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Travelling Back in Family Time
Tales from the Past
Weaving Family Stories
Drifting Back in Time
Posted on January 23, 2017 by jottingsfromsue
The influenza epidemic had already claimed many victims. Mary Ann had been unwell for some days, and her anxious husband and family felt so helpless as they watched over her. The fever increased, and her thoughts drifted back in time, back to her family home in Fox Row, Ogley Hay, Staffordshire. A letter had arrived for her, from her fiance, David so far away in Australia
"My dear, I am counting down the months now, to when you will join me here and we can be together. I have been able to secure a plot of land from the Colliery. It is below the escarpment at the other end of the Vale to the Mine. There is a well in the front of the block that is producing sweet water, and the creek flows by the lower fence. Jim has offered his spare time to help build our little cottage, which I hope will be ready for you to move into when you arrive. "
A smile flittered across Mary's face, as she recalled her father finally giving his permission that upon reaching her 21st birthday she could leave her home and country to join David in Australia. He had asked for her hand in marriage over three years ago, prior to joining Mary's brother, James on board the sailing ship, "La Hogue". The young men travelled to Australia as Assisted Migrants, lured by tales of work available in the coal mining industry
At last it was time to leave her employment as a servant to one of the better off Birmingham merchants, and prepare to farewell her parents and siblings. As Mary was packing her metal trunk for the voyage, her mother handed her a farewell gift of a photo album of precious photos of the family. They both had tears in their eyes, as they hugged, knowing it was very likely that they would never see each other again. Her mother took comfort in the knowledge that Mary was to be accompanied by her old friend, Ann
"This is really happening," she thought, with mixed feelings of excitement, sorrow and fear, as she boarded the ship "Northampton" in Plymouth. Early the following morning, Mary was up on deck, gazing at her last views of the southernmost coast of Cornwall. "I wonder what Australia is going to be like?" she pondered
It was early evening on Christmas Eve when the ship was towed into Neutral Bay. Mary had been leaning on the rails, eagerly taking in the views of the harbour. How different it all seemed to anything she knew and was familiar with. The weather had been hot and steamy and she was feeling the effects of the heat. However, now a gentle sea breeze was easing her discomfort.
She felt so excited now at the prospect of spending their first Christmas together with David, after three years apart. However, she was soon to be disappointed when the Captain advised that because of the Christmas public holiday, landing would be delayed.
It was her brother, James that she first saw in the crowd of people waiting to greet the passengers from the ship. Then, standing head and shoulders above him, there was David, who had just appeared from behind a pill
At last, she was on land again, and in the arms of her brother, and smiling shyly up to her fiancé.
David had arranged accommodation for Mary at a boarding house in the Rocks area, not far from where he and James were staying. The next couple of weeks passed in a whirl as David and James showed her the sights of Sydney Town, and made final arrangements for their wedding. On the morning of her wedding day, she carefully dressed in the pretty dark blue gingham frock that her Mother had helped her to make. She loved the pretty lace trim that her Aunt had given her to decorate the cuffs of the sleeves. The cameo brooch that her mother had given her for her 21st birthday looked perfect, pinned to the front of her lace-trimmed collar. Mary and Ann walked up to the nearby Wesleyan Parsonage in Prince Street, where David and James were waiting with the minister.
The following morning, the young couple travelled in a horse-drawn cab to the nearby Central Railway Station. They had left plenty of time to visit Lomer's Photographic Studio, opposite the railway terminus. David had arranged for Mary to sit for a portrait to send to her mother.
The train was at the platform, when Mary and David arrived at the station. Her husband took her elbow and helped her up into the carriage. Waiting for the last leg of her long journey to begin, Mary gazed out of the window taking in the vision of the recently completed platform. She thought how fitting it was that her great journey had begun and ended in a steam train.
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Q: Adaptive Cards Not Displaying Outlook for Android/IOS We have just started playing around with Adaptive cards and have them Posting to a Test API through Outlook for Web - these cards are not displaying in Outlook for IOS/Android though. Is there something special we need to do to get these to work in Outlook for Mobile versions?
To Test Outlook IOS/Android we sent a Standard sample copied from https://adaptivecards.io which did not display. We have Native Microsoft Sync Technology enabled. Apologies in advance if I have missed the obvious!
Sample copied from https://adaptivecards.io/designer which display correctly in Outlook for Web.
These cards do not display in Outlook for Android/IOS.

A: For Adaptive Cards to work on Outlook IOS you will need to get in touch with Microsoft Onboarding team and get your Originator ID whitelisted.  Outlook for Android is yet to be released.


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The impact of cohort studies
Young Lives has just published ten updated case studies, each of which demonstrates how the study has resulted in significant positive change in both policy and research for addressing childhood poverty. We've put these briefs together to better understand what worked in ensuring research use, and as part of our accountability approach for how we've used our resources. Off the back of this I'd like to do two things, first discuss some of the overarching 'pathways to impact' lessons; and second, to discuss what types of impact ought to be valued from a study like Young Lives.
Valuing the pathway not just the impact itself
We often get asked, 'what is the impact of the research?' That question shows an important assumption that research ought to lead to impact (I find that rather comforting in an era of fake news and when some in the UK at least seem to have had enough of experts…). But I think a more revealing question is 'how did that impact come about?' The first question is about outcomes that depend on many factors (which include luck). The second question tests (and values) the processes over which researchers have control. Michael Marmott puts it well "Scientific findings do not fall on blank minds that get made up as a result. Science engages with busy minds that have strong views about how things are and ought to be." The key point should therefore be how researchers get the right analysis to the right place in the right ways and at the right time.
So what did we learn about these pathways? Understanding, navigating and being able to respond to the particular challenges and opportunities that power and politics present has been critical for enabling positive change. Considering the Young Lives experience, I'll draw out four common stories. There is much more in the case studies. We have also previously written some of this in a Picture of change.
First, robust and accessible research. Young Lives is a research study and the bedrock is the credibility of the underlying data and research. But the strength and quality of the research is not just its 'technical' virtues. It is also about how it adds value to existing knowledge and how it reaches a wider audience in a timely way. Young Lives has teams in each study country engaged with national debates and it has invested in briefs, papers and a broad range of innovative communication materials, including fact sheets, infographics, data visualisations and short films, with a strong focus on digital media.
Second, flexibility to policy demand. A number of our most successful examples of impact came when researchers used existing research within an identified policy window or adapted their research plans in light of policy demand. A key impact captured in the case study on violence affecting children came from an identified opportunity to contribute to a debate about corporal punishment in Peru. The design of the preschool work in Ethiopia was developed when it became clear what the Ministry of Education's needs actually were. That involved building on the original longitudinal design to meet policy needs even where that needed different, tailored studies.
Third, working in partnership. The long-term nature of Young Lives has enabled strong partnerships with government and with other development collaborators. The trust those partnerships create is vital, and has often been used to create a shared sense of purpose (for example the creation of the Child Research and Practice Forum in Ethiopia). Close working with officials or organisations, help get research closer to the place it needs to be. Working alongside other organisations such as in the Global Coalition to End Child Poverty creates co-produced benefits from the skills, knowledge and networks each partner brings. Long-term working has allowed an active engagement with Government research users (as is well shown by the education and school effectiveness case study), from research questions and questionnaire design through to dissemination engagement.
Fourth, measuring impact is not straightforward. Our approach is a case study one, describing the actions and process to a particular impact, and using external sources to verify (quotes and pick up of analysis elsewhere). This approach requires a careful internal logging of meetings and mentions (otherwise much gets forgotten). In the often complex and messy world of influencing policy and programmes, 'contribution' is often a better framing than 'attribution'. There are also influences we cannot capture. Those who have used our research are not always in a position to say this publicly, and research may inform policy documents without ever being formally acknowledged.
Ways to understanding the impact of longitudinal studies
I am often struck by how poorly defined impact actually is. Young Lives Theory of Change identifies types of impact as conceptual (shifting thinking); instrumental (responding to existing concerns); and capacity (expanding the capacity to collect and use data and evidence). Our impact case studies have examples of each. Donors usually recognise the importance of each (see for example DFID's research uptake guidance). But, still it is often the instrumental that is most highly prized as being of immediate real world relevance. That's not a surprise; instrumental impacts are also likely to be the most 'provable' and more similar to measuring the impact of programme spending on vaccinations, clean water and so on. Instrumental impacts are important but they are not the only contribution research longitudinal studies make, and I do not think that they are always the most important. How to measure how thinking changes is a fuzzy sort of a problem, however, those types of impact may have greater long-term significance at scale.
The benefit of longitudinal studies covering a broad range of topics is that large observational, forward-thinking exercises can reach places other approaches cannot. Such studies enable long-term, dynamic analysis and providing insights on questions that were not thought about when the studies were designed. Such studies should not only revolve around today's policy concerns, as by the time studies come to fruition years later things may have moved on. For the immediate policy need, other approaches are often better (e.g. policy evaluations). Longitudinal studies can do something different.
For me, one of the most exciting stories emerging from Young Lives is of post-infancy growth recovery. The research finding required a long-term longitudinal study to find those patterns, and the question was not one that was thought of when the study was initiated. This ground-breaking finding has stimulated much debate. It has been found that (a) some children recover and falter beyond the earliest point in life (which extends the first 1000 days hypothesis); (b) that when children physically recover that recovery is linked to cognitive test score improvement. The scale of global undernutrition continues to be immense. If research can open up additional windows for intervention this could affect the lives of hundreds of millions of children for the good. Potentially, that could be a very major impact, but attributing it in a neat simple way over a narrow time window, would be next to impossible. So, without care, we are back to the concern that what cannot easily be measured is not valued.
The UK has a great history of longitudinal studies. The Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC), the UK's principle public funder of social science, has likened the British Cohort Studies as equivalent for the social sciences to the Large Hadron collider. These longitudinal studies provide an 'infrastructure' for social science investigation. The ESRC has recently commissioned an independent review of its (significant) longitudinal investments in the UK. In its response, the ESRC committed to continued support for longitudinal studies and identified the need to better understand impact. The ESRC's Rebecca Fairburn noted that, "Somehow we need to be able to capture data on the impact of relationships and conversations, on impacts of the counterfactual, and the policies avoided as a result of social science evidence."
That message feels familiar so with it in mind I'll finish on five reflections on valuing and assessing the more fuzzy (but important) nature of impacts:
Keep a broad view of what impact is. Narrow instrumental impact may be easier to measure but to conflate 'impact' with instrumental impact to current policy agendas ignores the potential for new ideas to emerge and challenge existing assumptions.
Evidencing impact requires a qualitative approach. The ESRC review notes the challenge of understanding impact in the social sciences, given that influence often comes through engaging in relationships and processes. Qualitative case studies are the best way to understand this subtly.
Obtaining external verification of impact is not straightforward. Getting the right external quotes and mentions for verification is not always easy. Policymakers may not be able or willing to say on the record that research has shaped their thinking (particularly when researchers from one country are part of a collaboration studying problems in another). Donors judging studies by their impact need to be realistic in their desire for evidence.
Valuing the potential future contribution of research. Given that not all impact happens in a neat and time-bound way, it is helpful to establish the future potential. To make a couple of suggestions. First, it is helpful to be very clear about what couldn't have been known before a study happened (and why it matters). Second, it may be helpful to show how many people are affected by a particular problem (or how severely) and so how many could potentially benefit from better policy (in my example above the number of children might be helped if it was possible to reverse early undernutrition at older age points). And third, it may be possible to track the development of debates (for example across social media as well as academic publishing) to show how narratives around policy debates develop and how research has contributed to this.
Value the pathway, not just the impact. Finally to return to the start of this blog. To only judge the outcome is often to judge some things over which researchers do not have full control. Worse, the risk is to encourage over-claiming. A focus on ensuring researchers have thought about the pathway by which research gets to the right place at the right time is more constructive.
The Young Lives survey data is now in the public domain as a public good to support future research. The long-term impact should therefore be considerably greater than we are able to show in case studies that can be produced now. Experience from longitudinal studies suggests the most interesting analysis may emerge long after the study is complete. And with that in mind, some trust is needed that if the right pathway is in place, future positive impacts for policy and programming are likely.


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Well thought combination of colors to complement your wardrobe.
Our unique use of leather with snake makes this a piece you will love for years.


Day by day, the Internet keeps growing�but the day will come when it will hit a wall and can�t grow any more.
Unless, that is, we abandon something called IPv4 in favor of something called IPv6. But, so far, the issue has not generated much excitement.


by Bindu.In Uncategorized.7 Comments on The Very First…..
Oh odds! I am even with you!
Thank you Sharda. Truly motivated by you to go on.
Beautiful. Love your untainted use of words – prose as fluid as poetry. Keep going….does not matter whether you are confined in a brick and mortar building or have transcended into another world. As long as your imagination flows and thoughts fly….
Thank you so much. Really encouraging! Thanks for taking out time.
I could feel your excitement as I read, of venturing into (unknown)… for you.
A 1000 mile journey began with an unsteady step!
Next Next post: Reigned in!