AUTOMOTIVE TEST SOLUTIONS, INC. 2004 © All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission of the publisher.
Energy. What a loaded word! Mankind has been in search for this since the dawn of our creation. First mankind found fire, perhaps a bolt of lightening fell from the sky and gave mankind his first taste of energy. From that point forward, man has been in search of new and better forms of energy.
The internal combustion engine is perhaps one of the more useful forms of energy that man has created. From its humble beginning, this energy source has been transformed many times to create more power and to be more efficient. This energy source has been accepted world wide and it is used in many ways, but none more so than in the automobile. The internal combustion engine comes in two forms; compression ignition and spark ignition.
We will be analyzing the spark ignition system. It is important to understand how the energy is released in the engine. In the internal combustion engine the air or vaporized air/fuel mixture is drawn into the cylinder where it is then compressed. When air is compressed, the molecules are forced into a smaller space where they hit each other causing friction which then produces heat. The compression is a way to put energy in the form of heat in the fuel molecule. It takes energy to hold together the different atoms that form the molecular chain. For example, if you were holding onto another person and were being spun around very fast, you would expend energy just to hang on to the other person. In order for the fuel to release this energy, the fuel molecule must separate or break apart and then reform into a different molecular structure. Once the fuel molecule is broken, the energy that it used to stay together is no longer needed. This energy is now released. This freed energy is what powers the internal combustion engine. The compression from the cylinder is not enough energy to separate the fuel molecule by itself. The heat that is transferred into the fuel molecule makes it unstable, but more force will have to be applied to separate the atoms. For example, if two huge muscular wresters were locked together in combat it would not be easy to separate them. In order to separate these men you would have to apply more force to them than they are using to hold onto each other. If the referee wanted to separate the wresters and they were unwilling to part, he would have to use force. A stun gun that applied a spark of 100,000 volts would work. This potential energy is greater than the energy the wrestlers are using to hold on to each other with, so they would let go and separate. In the cylinder, even though the compression creates heat energy, more energy is needed to separate the molecular structure of the fuel.
Just like the referee with the wrestlers, we will need to use force in the way of electrical energy or high voltage spark to separate the fuel molecules and release their energy. But rather than a stun gun, we will use an ignition system.
There have been many different ignition systems used to supply a high energy spark to ignite the air/fuel mixture. The most popular system in use today is the step up transformer. The step up transformer uses a low voltage, high current pole, to create a high voltage, low current pole. This is done by using two different coils or windings of wire. The first coil is the primary; the second coil is the secondary (above). The primary is wound around a core for magnetic amplification. In newer transformers this core will be made of many plates of a ferrous metal, usually a soft iron, layered or laminated together. This gives better amplification than a solid core. The primary winding uses larger diameter wire with fewer windings. This allows the primary to have a very low resistance value. The secondary uses small diameter wire with many more windings. This makes the secondary have a high resistance value. The automotive coil is usually wound approximately 1 to 100, in other words, for every 1 winding of the primary the secondary has 100 windings. The primary winding usually has 1 to 4 ohms of resistance; where as, the secondary winding usually has 8,000 ohms to 16,000 ohms of resistance. The primary and the secondary are electromagnetically coupled so anything that affects either winding is mirrored in the other winding. The principal that the step up transformer uses is electromagnetic induction. To understand how this transformer works, let's look at the waveform produced by this device. This is the open circuit voltage or source voltage. The reason this is referred to as an open circuit voltage is the circuit has not been completed. There is no current flowing through the primary circuit at this point (Figure 3 Part A). The voltage drops abruptly when the module driver is turned on, thus completing the primary circuit to ground (Figure 3 Part B). This voltage drop will come very close to ground.
The initial voltage drop will depend on whether the electrical device used is a transistor or a MOSFET. If a transistor is used the voltage drop will be .7 volts to 1 volt. This is due to the resistance across the transistor's gate. A MOSFET will have less resistance across its gate causing less voltage drop, usually about .1 volt to .3 volts. The initial voltage drop is the voltage that is remaining in the circuit to push the current across the resistance of the module driver or gate (Figure 3 Part C). Once the module closes the driver, current starts to flow through the primary winding circuit. When current flows through a coil winding, all of the current is used to create a magnetic field around the winding (Figure 4). This magnetic field build up is inductance. The magnetic field is proportional to the inductance and the current or, in other words, the larger the current the larger the magnetic inductance. This current flowing through the primary coil winding allows the energy to build a magnetic field. As the magnetic field is building, it moves across the primary and secondary windings. This induces voltage in both the primary winding and the secondary winding. However, the effect of this induction is different within the two windings. As the magnetic field builds and moves across the secondary winding this induces electromotive force and frees electrons. This can be seen in the secondary waveform when the module driver closes; there are voltage oscillations at the beginning of the circuit being completed (Figure 5 with Figure 3). This is caused by the magnetic field moving across and inducing voltage in different windings contained within the secondary coil winding. Between the coil winding, or turns, there is capacitance. Capacitance occurs when two conductors are separated by space and current is flowing through the conductor. Electrical potential builds between the two conductors, the size of the conductors and the distance between these two conductors determines the capacitance. The turns in the coil winding are made of a conductor and space exists between these turns or windings. This allows the capacitance between the coil turns to build electrical energy.
The ringing is the energy changing between electrical energy and magnetic energy. Just like when a bell is struck, the ringing from the bell is loud when first struck and diminishes. These oscillations diminish into a steady curve that flattens out at the point the coil has become saturated. The saturation point will vary with the amount of current flowing through the primary. When the magnetic field builds and moves across the primary winding, the voltage that is induced into the primary winding frees electrons. However, since current is flowing through the primary winding these free electrons impede the current flow. For example; imagine a school hallway packed shoulder to shoulder with children running down the hallway as fast as they can run. Now imagine children entering the hallway from the classrooms located along this hallway. These children leaving the classrooms will impede the flow of children running down the hallway (above). Just like the children entering the hallway, the induced voltage in the primary winding creates resistance to the current flowing through the primary circuit. This induced resistance is called counter voltage.
Anytime there is resistance in a circuit there will be a voltage drop proportional to the resistance. This voltage drop can be seen at the bottom of the ignition coil waveform. This is what causes the slight rise at the bottom of the ignition coil waveform. If the oscilloscope voltage setting is lowered to magnify the bottom of the ignition primary coil waveform, the voltage drop of the waveform can be seen more clearly (Figure 7 Part D). Since the current flowing through the winding makes the resistance for the voltage drop, it mirrors the primary ignition coil waveform made with an inductive amperage clamp (Figure 7). Once the current rises to the point of the coil being fully saturated, the magnetic field is now fully built up completely surrounds the secondary winding. The saturation point of the ignition coil is based on the current flowing through it. The larger the current, the larger the magnetic lines of force. Likewise, the smaller the current, the smaller the magnetic lines of force.
The circuit then limits the current flowing through the primary winding, (Figure 3 Part E); however, the magnetic field still remains at full strength. Notice, that when current limiting is switched on, the voltage is still below the open circuit voltage (Figure 3 Part F). To accomplish this there is a resistor switched into the circuit to limit the current flowing through it. If the primary circuit has unwanted resistance, the time for the current limit to switch on will be longer. If the coil is shorted or has less resistance, the time for the current limit will be shorter. If the system is known, then this time to limit current will be an indicator of a problem. As the RPM of the engine is increased, the time between cylinder firing becomes shorter and the time to saturate the coil becomes less, thus, the current limiting will cease. [Note: Not all ignition systems have current limiting.] The module or PCM then commands the module driver off. This ends the current flowing through the primary winding. The magnetic field then begins to fall across the secondary winding.
When a magnetic field moves across a wire or winding, voltage is induced into that wire or winding. This induction makes electromotive force, EMF, which frees electrons and pushes these electrons through a circuit until they return to the secondary winding where they were produced. The amount of induction is proportional to the size of the magnetic field and the speed with which the magnetic field falls across the secondary winding. For a faster collapse of the magnetic field, a condenser is used. A condenser or capacitor will not allow direct current to pass through it to ground. However, alternating current is able to pass through these devices. A direct current that pulses very fast becomes alternating current and can pass through the condenser or capacitor. This allows the current in the primary coil circuit to pass through the condenser or capacitor to ground.
The condenser is connected to the primary winding (above). Once the current stops, the magnetic field falls back into the primary winding to stabilize the current within the winding. The faster the current in the primary winding dissipates through the condenser, the faster the magnetic field will collapse. The rapid movement of the magnetic field increases the induction within the secondary winding and the current, being pushed by a high voltage of up to 50,000KV, will look for a pathway or circuit.
The ignition coil's secondary is connected to the spark plug. The electrons move to the spark plug gap, however, this is an open circuit. When high voltage is pushing electrons across an open it will form a corona, or a low energy field, across the gap. The electrons will then start to ionize across the open.
To start ionization a very high voltage is required. Once the ionization occurs, the free electrons and the ions form a pathway across a gap. They create plasma (above). The plasma creates an easier pathway across the open. The plasma is a hot ionized gas containing about equal numbers of positive ions and electrons. The plasma is affected by the gas and pressure that comprises it. This ionization is the breakdown voltage.
An ion is a positively or negatively charged atom and is the result of the atom having lost or gained one or more electrons. (Figure 3 Part G). This is the break down voltage or the amount of voltage that was required to push the electrons across the resistance which, in this case, is the spark plug gap. The wider the spark plug gap or the more resistance between the spark plug electrodes, the higher the breakdown voltage will be. Once the electrons have bridged the spark plug gap the resistance drops, decreasing the voltage required to maintain the electron flow across the spark plug gap. Notice the ringing that occurs as the electron flow starts after the break down voltage (Figure 3 Part H).
This ringing or oscillation is created by the induction occurring across the windings and the capacitance between the turns. The transformer makes it very easy for the energy to change between electrical energy and magnetic energy. The breakdown voltage that starts the arc is very fast, about 2 nanoseconds, this fast energy spike starts the energy change between electrical and magnetic. The harder the spike to start the arc, the more oscillations will occur.
For example; just like a child in a swing, if the swing is stationary and you push it; the harder the push the higher the swing will move. The swing will then oscillate until the energy has dissipated (above). The swing can also be used as a model to show how the ignition coil changes electrical energy into magnetic energy and vise versa. The swing, being a mechanical device, needs a "push" or energy in order to move. Just like the coil's discharge, or "push", causes an energy spike. When the swing is in motion it is changing kinetic energy into mechanical energy and vise versa. Once the electrons establish flow, the voltage is stabilized and the oscillations will diminish into an even voltage (Figure 3 Part I). The electron flow is now established across the gap and it will continue until the secondary is depleted.
At the end of the spark duration note the rise in voltage as the spark burns out (Figure 3 Part J). This is caused by the plasma breaking down. The plasma creates an electrical pathway that has less resistance. As it diminishes, the resistance increases causing the voltage to rise. The induction that put electrical energy into the secondary coil winding is limited; much like filling a bucket of water, once the bucket is full that is all the water it can hold (left). The point of the ignition coil being fully saturated would be like the water bucket being totally filled.
If a water pump were used to pump the water out of the bucket under pressure then, the higher the pressure the quicker the water will be used up. Once the water is used up, there will not be any pressure left. This is like the secondary ignition coil. The more voltage or pressure the coil needs to push the electrons across the resistance in the circuit, the quicker the electrons are used up.
The time the electrons are bridging the spark plug gap is the burn time (Figure 3 Part G-J). This burn time will change according to the pressure it took to start the electrons flowing through the circuit. If the pressure is low the burn time will be longer. If the pressure is high the burn time will be shorter. Let's use a piece of rope to demonstrate this. Assume the rope is a set length, like the bucket of water is a set amount, and it is positioned in the pattern that the breakdown voltage and burn time makes (Figure 12). Then if the length of rope that is used to make the vertical line is longer, the horizontal line will become shorter. Likewise, if the horizontal line becomes longer the vertical line will become shorter. If the entire length of rope is shorter, just like when the ignitions coil's magnetic field is not fully saturated, the vertical and horizontal sections will be affected due to the limited amount of stored energy.
The breakdown voltage and burn time are influenced by the pressure or compression and the content of the gas that is in the cylinder. Under normal conditions this cylinder is filled with a gas comprised of ambient air; which is approximately 21% oxygen, 79% nitrogen, and hydrocarbons (gasoline) in a ratio of 14.7 parts air to one part hydrocarbons. The gas mixture in this cylinder is composed of atoms that will ionize or allow the spark to jump across the spark plug electrodes. Since these atoms ionize, if these atoms change the ionization will change. The amount of pressure or compression will change the density of the mixture which will also have an effect on the ionization. The turbulence within the cylinder will also change the characteristics of the ignition waveform. If any of these variables change; compression or pressure, turbulence, gas content, fuel, or water vapor, then the ionization that forms the plasma will change which in turn affects the spark waveform. This forms a window into the chamber so the technician can see what is occurring within the cylinder. Some examples are; lean air fuel ratio, rich air fuel ratio, pre-ignition, turbulence caused by cam timing or valves, EGR, water vapor caused by engine coolant leak, worn spark plugs, carbon tracking, resistance within the circuit, etc.. Once the technician learns how to view the waveform during the breakdown voltage and burn time, the waveform will reflect what is occurring within the cylinder.
At the point the electrical energy is not strong enough to keep the electrons flowing across the spark plug gap, the flow stops (Figure 3 Part J). Whatever energy is still left within the coil has to be absorbed by the ignition coil and the energy that is absorbed within the turns of the coil is dissipated by changes between electrical energy and magnetic energy. This is what causes the ringing at the end of the spark duration (Figure 3 Part K). The larger the voltage change and the more oscillations within the ringing, the more energy is left in the ignition coil. If there are no rings the energy of the ignition coil has totally dissipated. This ringing can be used to see how much energy was used or not used during the ignition coil discharge.
It is very important to understand each part of the ignition coil waveform and what went into making the amplitude or voltage change over time. Without an in-depth understanding of the waveform, you will not know what has failed. For a proper diagnosis of this waveform one must pay close attention to the smallest changes. Within the ignition coil's waveform there is more information than any other waveform produced on the vehicle.


text:
using namespace mx::core;

TEST( NumberOrNormal01, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x;
    std::string expected = "normal";
    CHECK( x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( !x.getIsNumber() )
    std::string actual = toString( x );
    CHECK_EQUAL( expected, actual )
}
TEST( NumberOrNormal02, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x( Decimal( 31.2 ) );
    CHECK( !x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( x.getIsNumber() )
    std::string expected = "31.2";
    std::string actual = toString( x );
    CHECK_EQUAL( expected, actual )
}
TEST( NumberOrNormal03, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x( "normal" );
    CHECK( x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( !x.getIsNumber() )
    std::string expected = "normal";
    std::string actual = toString( x );
    CHECK_EQUAL( expected, actual )
}
TEST( NumberOrNormal04, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x( "XXX" );
    CHECK( !x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( x.getIsNumber() )
    std::string expected = "0";
    std::string actual = toString( x );
    CHECK_EQUAL( expected, actual )
}
TEST( NumberOrNormal05, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x( "24.0" );
    CHECK( ! x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( x.getIsNumber() )
    DecimalType expected = 24;
    DecimalType actual = x.getValueNumber().getValue();
    CHECK_DOUBLES_EQUAL( expected, actual, DEFAULT_PRECISION )
}
TEST( NumberOrNormal06, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x( "24.0" );
    x.setValueNormal();
    CHECK( x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( ! x.getIsNumber() )
    std::string expected = "normal";
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss << x;
    std::string actual = ss.str();
    CHECK_EQUAL( expected, actual )
}

TEST( NumberOrNormal07, NumberOrNormal )
{
    NumberOrNormal x( "normal" );
    x.setValue( Decimal( 30.9 ) );
    CHECK( ! x.getIsNormal() )
    CHECK( x.getIsNumber() )
    std::string expected = "30.9";
    std::stringstream ss;
    toStream( ss, x );
    std::string actual = ss.str();
    CHECK_EQUAL( expected, actual )
}

#endif

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
MATH / Games
Blocks Rock! Game
4 years & up. Blocks Rock! is a competitive, educational game in which two payers, or two teams of players, compete to build a color-and-shape-specific structure in the shortest amount of time. The game is played by choosing a card with the structure to copy, building the structure out of colored blocks, and ringing the bell to end the round. At the end of the deck, the winner of the game is the player with the most cards or with the most points as indicated in each card. Each carrying case… More »
MATH CATEGORIES
Counting & Numeracy
Fractions, Decimals, Percents
Manipulatives & Kits
Numbers & Operations
Patterns, Relationships, Algebraic
Sorting & Patterning
Spanish/Bilingual
Time & Calendars

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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If Hamilton returned today to survey the outcome of his financial innovations, he would be appalled, outraged and disgusted by the degeneration of the American economy into a Kleptocracy.


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Mechanically-prepared binary mixtures of two dioctahedral smectites (of different chemical compositions) with two kaolinites (with different amounts of structural defects) were studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy to verify the ability of IR spectroscopy to detect small amounts of individual components in the mixtures. The same samples were analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) in transmission and reflection geometries to compare the sensitivities of these techniques. Infrared spectroscopy is suitable for detecting small amounts of kaolinite in the smectite-rich samples but is not sensitive to small amounts of smectite in kaolinite-rich samples. The IR spectra of kaolinite/smectite mixtures have a 'strongly kaolinitic character' even with only 30% kaolinite. The most characteristic band of kaolinite, near 3695 cm−1, gradually decreased in intensity with decreasing kaolinite content though the presence of this absorption allowed 0.5 mass % of both kaolinites to be detected in their mixtures with smectites. On the other hand, XRD powder techniques are much more adept at detecting low smectite contents in kaolinite-rich samples.


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This is a listing of the files available on Lugaru's Download site. Many of the Epsilon extensions here were written by Epsilon users. To contribute your extension, email it to support@lugaru.com.
to your einit.ecm file (use Alt-x edit-customizations to find it), then copy the EEL file to that same directory. You can also use an older method: First view the .e file in Epsilon. Then press Alt-F3 to run the compile-buffer command. Epsilon will say the file has been compiled and loaded. Then you can make it a permanent part of Epsilon using the write-state command on Ctrl-F3 <Enter>.
Many extensions will work with later and earlier versions of Epsilon than the specific one for which they were originally written.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 13. They may also work with other versions.
Lisp mode, updated with syntax highlighting, comment filling, etc. Originally by Carl Hoffman.
Insert a number, then increment. Also, indent to a particular column number. By Wayne Dow.
A mode for the Web 68 language, based on Algol 68, by Sian Mountbatten.
CMake mode, by Trent Lillehaugen: auto-indent, coloring, auto-completion.
Updated Matlab mode, by Terry Brennan: auto-indent, coloring, tagging.
For certain XML file types, display the value of the first attribute when showing nesting. By Mark Swann.
Verilog mode by Tom Almy, minor update.
Directory listing for this section.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 12. They may also work with other versions.
Multi-language template expansion, highly customizable, many features. Now works with Epsilon 10 or later. Sept 2013: Bug fixed.
Jim Morris's context help for the Ruby language.
Timothy Byrd's mode for the Ruby language, improved.
Timothy Byrd's updated batch mode for 4NT and Take Command, now updated for v8.0 of both.
Rename an identifier and all instances of it in the buffer change too.
Brad Erickson's commands to access a serial port from Epsilon under Win32.
Interface to Perforce version control system. Updated.
Display prototype & args for current Java function. Updated for 12.01 and later only. Use javahelp.zip for 12.00 only.
Connect to various version control systems. Updated for v12.
Identifier completion, updated for v12.
Mode for the Motorola 68HC12 microcontroller by Tom Almy.
Verilog mode by Tom Almy.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 11. They may also work with other versions.
Interact with Visual Source Safe version control system via DLL.
Connect to various version control systems. Revised interface.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 10. They may also work with other versions.
Display prototype & args for current Java function.
Similar to v11's Pull Completion feature, but for Epsilon 10.
Interface to Perforce version control system.
Interface to the ClearCase version control system.
A DCL mode for the VMS operating system.
A mode for the Algol 68 language.
SQL mode, revised for Epsilon 10.
Put an icon for Epsilon in the Win95/NT taskbar's tray. Updated for version 10.
Specify a list of directories that file commands should look in.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 9. They may also work with other versions.
A simple mode for .asm files. Epsilon 10 includes built-in .asm file support.
Comment out a block, add function comment, etc.
Windows-standard CUA bindings for Epsilon. See cua.txt inside. Included in Epsilon 10.
Delete trailing spaces from a file.
Makes Epsilon run this external program to tag files.
Put an icon for Epsilon in the Win95/NT taskbar's tray.
Syntax highlighting for Fortran 90.
Paragraph Fill for programmers. Epsilon 10 includes a similar feature.
Move to the next or previous function in this file.
Color "#if 0" blocks as comments.
Reindent all files matching a pattern.
Easily enter diacritical marks & such from Latin1 character set.
List function definitions and make full ANSI prototypes!!!
Matlab mode: auto-indent, coloring, tagging.
Read a file using a file name in the buffer. Similar to find-linked-file in Epsilon 10.
Spell-check words -- also needs dict file. Epsilon 13 has a built-in spell check function.
A stand-alone program to build tag files compatible with Epsilon.
Connect to various version control systems.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 8. They may also work with other versions.
Toggle the write-protect flag of the file in the current buffer. For Win32 version only. Epsilon 10 includes a built-in change-file-read-only command to do this.
A mode for the AWK language.
Syntax highlighting & tagging for .PRG files, by Cliff Helsel.
Syntax highlighting for HTML files. Epsilon 9's built in support for HTML files is an enhanced version of this extension.
Better line regions, auto-reindent pasted code, more.
A version of the EEL makefile for Borland Make and others. Epsilon 9's EEL makefile should work with Borland Make as-is.
SQL mode for Epsilon, including syntax highlighting and tagging.
Provides a way to use DOS-style dialogs in Epsilon for Windows. Epsilon 9 provides variables like want-gui-prompts that eliminate the need for this extension.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 7. They may also work with other versions.
Number extension to enumerate ordinals in buffer.
File parsing extension (read in file under cursor).
Extension for project directory file completion and dired.
Function for boxed indented comments in C-src.
Extension to correct restore behavior of Epsilon on startup.
auto fill prefix, case-smart replace, word-abbrev mode.
Version Control System Extension V1.6.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 6.5. They may also work with other versions.
Highlighting for comments, keywords, strings and literals.
on-the-fly C and ASM comment colorizer.
An (extremely) silly dBase indenter.
Write DBF, NDX, NTX info, CodeBase FIELD4INFO, TAG4INFO.
Directory search - a simplified grep when grep is too much.
Perl script to update edoc file (merge new descriptions).
Windows NT V3.1 PIF file for Epsilon V6.51.
Extended fill mode, V6.5 Update.
New routines to display line and column numbers (improved).
Comprehensive line draw mode, V6.5 Update.
line cut/copy/paste/paste-pop routines for v6.5.
List function definitions and make full ANSI prototypes!!!.
Enhanced PMAIL/Epsilon interface - Netware aware, etc!.
Column numbering extension w/printf formats.
Make filenames relative to current file, for 6.5 or earlier.
Load file at cursor (compiler error syntax).
Project and directory tree extension, V6.5 Update.
virtual space fix for linedraw, and an extension to mark.
virtual space fixes to lugaru sources.
Improved set-color command shows more choices at once, etc.
Bytecode file stripper for autoload commands.
Simple tagging extension for PL/M programs.
C templates /w completion V 1.2 - bugfix.
Several updated EEL extensions corrected for Epsilon 6.5.
Ultravision support for Epsilon 6.X.
Vesa supervga 132 column video mode switching.
Zip List. Write Zip Files content in current buffer.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 6. They may also work with other versions.
Popup ASCII table by Jonas Hedburg.
Pop-up ASCII table, improved version.
<Help> Z shows ASCII table.
Example EEL variable assignments bindings.
Mimic Brief's >Home< and >End< keys.
Adds color to C comments.
Larry Osterman's comment package for V6.
Show row column by Jonas Hedburg.
Template expansion for C C++.
Insert or show current date.
New ways to sort dired list, improved.
Epsilon wolf icon for Windows 3.1,.
The Epsilon Wolf as an OS/2 2.0 icon.
Go to C Set/2 error msg on this line.
Grep on file lists: *.c,*.h,\inc\*.h.
Show C #ifdef lines in effect for this line.
Insert blocks comments for many langs, more.
Improved makefile for EEL sources.
Movement cmds set bookmarks automatically.
Spawn MS quickhelp (QH), fixed for OS/2 v2.0.
Run big compilers concurrently under DESQview.
Example session save and restore hook.
Set-variable load-bytes in cmd files.
Remove space at ends of lines.
Run SCO Unix Epsilon under MOTIF.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 5. They may also work with other versions.
40 line mode for VGA, 35 for EGA.
Copy-filename, block cursor, and more.
Binary search module from spell.
Reads Microsoft BSC files; OS/2 only.
Mods to preserve case in replaces.
Invoke make from epsilon cmd line.
Use numpad to insert line-drawing chars.
Bufed w/only dired bufs, cycle through them.
Press a key, go to its EEL definition in one step.
Interface to separate Unix/Gnu-style Grep program.
Epsilon icons for OS/2 1.1 1.2.
List all C functions defined in buffer. For Gnu indenter only.
Column search, count pattern, much more.
Copy, kill, and insert blocks lines, as well as regions.
cycle thru buffers with a keypress.
New version of improved tags package.
Get default pathname from current buffer.
Mouse driver w/user-defined popup menus.
Self-extracting file: interface to Polytron's PVCS.
Simple indenter for non-C languages.
6 new video modes for Everex Viewpoint VGA.
View-file command prevents accidental mods.
Demo shows how to restore window config.
These extensions were tested with Epsilon 4. They may also work with other versions.
Some BRIEF look-alike commands. See fnbbrief.doc.
Adds Epsilon support for extended modes of Genoa EGA board.
This is a version of proc.e modified to work with the error msg format of the NDP compiler.
Adds features to the process buffer inspired by CED.
Bunch of small unrelated commands. See top of file.
Loading a read-only file makes the buffer read-only.
Saves/restores window state when exiting/entering.
copy to/from mark point to arbitrary buffers.
renumbers INTEL ASM symbols ending in numbers.
enhanced tags functions for epsilon.
Adds two Swedish modes to Epsilon. These "minor modes" help it support the Swedish character set.
This is a version of proc.e modified to work with the error msg format of Turbo Pascal.
A list of German words. May be used to replace the English word list used by the speller in Epsilon 13 and later.
This file adds more encodings to the list of encodings Epsilon 12 knows about. Mostly these are for Far East languages and for EBCDIC. To use it, unzip the archive and place the file icudt24l.dat within into Epsilon's bin directory, replacing the file by that name found there. (Epsilon must not be running when you do this.) This page has more information on encodings.
Under Windows 95/98/ME, this program tries to repair a broken installation in which the concurrent process doesn't work. This can happen if you manually copy files to a new machine instead of running Epsilon's installer.
Use these image files when you add Epsilon for Unix to the menu of your favorite window manager. Now the icons are transparent.
Word list for v9 speller. Epsilon's built in speller has a separate word list available from here, or using its spell-configure command.
Display current OS/2 video params, for adding new modes.
Demo of highlighting math mode in TeX files (bug fixed).
Simple EMS test program checks EMS 4.0 support.
Epsilon 13, Epsilon 12, Epsilon 11, Epsilon 10, Epsilon 9, or Epsilon 8.
Also see this page for updated versions of Epsilon's manual in PDF format. Available updates for older versions are listed below.
Describes 8.0 updaters below. Or see this page.
Updates 8.0 or later, Windows & DOS, to Epsilon 8.04.
Updates 8.0 or later, OS/2 & DOS, to Epsilon 8.04.
List of bugs fixed in Epsilon 7.04.
Updates 7.0 or later, DOS or OS/2, to Epsilon 7.04.
Update 6.5 through 6.54, DOS or OS/2, to version 6.55.
Replaces broken line_fill() primitive in Epsilon 6.03.
Make separate <Enter> key work right in Epsilon 6.03.
Sometimes goto-tag doesn't get there in Epsilon 6.03.
Swap Caps Lock and Control keys under Windows 3.1.
Use ISO code pages in DOS - Freeware.


text:
Breakups & Divorce Support Group
Just broke up with someone or in the midst of a difficult divorce? Breaking up is difficult no matter what the circumstances are. They say that time heals all wounds, but sometimes a listening ear or a hug can work wonders for the heart. Whether you need a place to vent, someone to hold you to No Contact, or need advice about what to do, we're here to help.
Relationships & Sexuality
/ Breakups & Divorce Support Group
Bored Shopper :-)
Did you ever wonder what a husband does while he is in a store waiting on his wife to shop? Check out the following letter:
Dear Mrs. Harkins,
Our store is considering banning your family from ever shopping with us again, unless your husband stops his antics. Below is a list of offenses over the past few months... all verified by our surveillance cameras.
1. June 15: Took 24 boxes of condoms and randomly put them in people's carts when they weren't looking.
2. July 2: Set all the alarm clocks in Housewares to go off at
5-minute intervals.
3. July 7: Made a trail of tomato juice on the floor leading to the restrooms.
4. July 19: Walked up to an employee and told her in an official tone, 'Code 3 in House wares!"..... and watched what happened.
5. August 4: Went to the Service Desk and asked to put a bag of M&M's on lay away.
6. September 14: Moved a 'CAUTION - WET FLOOR' sign to a carpeted area.
7. September 15: Set up a camping tent in the sporting goods department, and told other shoppers he'd invite them in if they'll bring pillows from the Bedding department.
8. September 23: When a clerk asks if they can help him, he begins to cry and asks "Why can't you people just leave me alone?"
9. October 4: Looked right into the security camera; used it as a mirror, and picked his nose.
10. November 10: While handling guns in the hunting department, asked the clerk if he knows where the antidepressants are.
11. December 3: Darted around the store suspiciously, loudly humming the Mission Impossible" theme.
12. December 6: In the auto department, practiced his "Madonna look" using different size funnels.
13. December 18: Hid in a clothing rack and when people browsed through, yelled "PICK ME!, PICK ME!"
14. December 21: When an announcement came over the loud speaker, he assumes the fetal position and screams "NO! NO! It's those voices again!!!!"
AND LAST, BUT NOT LEAST
15. December 23: Went into a fitting room, shut the door and waited a while; then, yelled, very loudly, "There is no toilet paper in here!"
THIS IS HILARIOUS!!!!!!!!
OMG, I'm peeing my pants reading this! Where do you find this stuff
Yup, except in my case it would be my kid.
OMG! I think you're talking about my psycho stbx!!!
This also could be creatively reversed to what a women does while a man shops at the auto parts store.


Come join us for Rise and Shine! on Sunday mornings from 9:30-10:15 am. Learning and growing activities for all ages. This week (Oct. 16th): "Keep on talking to God".
A persistent woman kept on asking the judge for what she wanted. We will make a prayer tree for our prayers and a praying hands to take home.


text:
package nam.model.model;

import java.io.Serializable;

import javax.faces.component.UIComponent;
import javax.faces.context.FacesContext;
import javax.faces.convert.Converter;
import javax.faces.convert.FacesConverter;

import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;
import org.aries.runtime.BeanContext;
import org.aries.ui.convert.AbstractConverter;

import nam.model.Model;
import nam.model.util.ModelUtil;

@FacesConverter(value = "modelConverter", forClass = Model.class)
public class ModelConverter extends AbstractConverter implements Converter, Serializable {

	@Override
	public Object getAsObject(FacesContext facesContext, UIComponent uiComponent, String value) {
		if (StringUtils.isEmpty(value))
			return null;
		ModelListManager modelListManager = BeanContext.getFromSession("modelListManager");
		Model model = modelListManager.getRecordByName(value);
		return model;
	}

	@Override
	public String getAsString(FacesContext facesContext, UIComponent uiComponent, Object value) {
		if (value == null)
			return null;
		Model model = (Model) value;
		return ModelUtil.toString(model);
	}

}


text:
« Love and Louisa Gang Leader for a Day Discussion Questions »
Feature Tue Apr 06 2010
One-Shots: Lance Fensterman and C2E2
By Rose Lannin
In a little over a week, Chicago's going to explode in a burst of comics, toys, and all manner of pop culture excitement. The source of this KAPOW is C2E2, the Chicago Comic & Entertainment Expo, a new convention packed with panels, merchandise, celebrities (Alex Ross! Colleen Doran! Anya from Buffy!) and more. I had the chance to talk to Lance Fensterman, the man behind the booths and exhibitions. Lance has had an interesting career in his own right, and shared his perspective on conventions, fans, and the details and methodology that make up planning a big event.
Name: Lance Fensterman
Job: Vice President of Pop Culture for Reed Exhibitions
Education: Just enough.
Location: Norwalk, CT, 35 miles outside of NYC
Hometown: Fargo, ND
Website: http://www.mediumatlarge.net/
Favorite place in Chicago: The Blue Frog? Or maybe Gino's East Pizza.
Portrait by Andrea Topalian
How did you get into running comic book conventions? Did it stem out of a love of comics, or something else?
I was a ward of the state and Reed adopted me and put me to work...actually, I was an independent bookseller for many years and hired by Reed to run the publishing industry's annual gathering. From there I took over New York Comic Con and the New York Anime Fest. As our group of events grew, so did my role, and I now oversee ReedPop our group of pop culture shows, including Penny Arcade Expo (PAX,) PAX East, UFC Fan Expo, New York Comic Con, Star Wars Celebration, and of course C2E2.
So did you like comics before running conventions, or did one grow out of the other?
Loved comics as a kid and, after high school I drifted. I have been intensely into graphic novels for years and taking on NYCC rekindled my love of comics.
What spawned C2E2?
Simply put, our customers, DC, Marvel, Dark Horse, asked us for a massive, professionally run killer con in downtown Chicago. They asked us enough times that we thought we better get moving on this. So after checking with the fans of Chicagoland, it became clear that there was a real hunger for an event in the spirit of New York Comic Con in downtown Chicago. Just like that, and here we are.
What made you focus on Chicago? What about the city made you go "Hmmm, this place needs a new comic book convention."?
There are three times as many comic book shops in Chicagoland than all the boroughs in New York. Seriously. That was one of many things that made us realizes that it was high time the city had a true notational con within its borders.
Beyond the comics and toys, and even panels and screenings, what's the point of this convention?
Community. Events like C2E2, New York Comic Con, Penny Arcade Expo, the Star Wars Celebration are all about a huge group of people who love similar things coming together and celebrating their passions, hanging out, seeing cool stuff, meeting cool new people and knowing that even if they don't know everyone there, they are amongst friends.
Forget philosophical tenets, let's get to what's important: comics and toys and movies are awesome. What aspects of the convention are you particularly excited about?
I am a massive Chris Ware fan, so I'm beyond excited that he will be there. I'm also a big Scott Kurtz and PvP fan, so I'm really proud of the massive array of webcomic creators we have assembled. But my favorite part of the show is when the doors first open up and I get to watch all of the tens of thousands of fans come streaming through those doors. That is by far the most rewarding aspect of the event for me, because that's who we build the party for.
What do you think makes C2E2 unique to Chicago? What's the difference between this convention and New York or San Diego Comic Con?
Our guest list started with Alex Ross, a Chicago native, and if you scan down our dozens of guests, you'll see that the creator community of Chicago is very well represented. You'll also see the show spill out into the surrounding city -- it already has -- we've been doing events and meet-ups in bars and comic shops all over. During the con, we'll have parties and screenings all around the city.
If you could give one piece of advice to someone starting up a convention, what would it be?
Listen to the fans. If you do what the fans want and always put them first, then the rest will fall into place.
Going in the other direction ("When Potentially Good Conventions Go Bad"), what mistakes do you often see in convention planning? Comic book or otherwise?
Not listening to your fans and underestimating the complexity and cost of running a large scale event.
Why are comic book conventions important? What do they do for everyone involved?
Geeks are cool now, but that was not always the case. Cons used to be viewed as underground geek gatherings where people came out of their parents' basement and bought comics out of cardboard boxes, while C level celebrities of yesterday signed pictures of themselves for a fee. That's not the case any more. Geek culture is driving pop culture, which is driving mainstream culture. Geeks are cool. Cons are a celebration of the thriving geek culture and more than that, they help to grow and sustain that geek culture, making it ever stronger. This is our prom!
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About GB Book Club
Book Club is the literary section of Gapers Block, covering Chicago's authors, poets and literary events. More...
Editor: Andrew Huff, ah@gapersblock.com
Book Club staff inbox: bookclub@gapersblock.com
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text:
Bubba Hubba Bubblegum-Flavored Gin Liqueur Will Blow Your Mind
Bubba Hubb...
Chew on this: There's a new tasty-sounding pink liqueur that was inspired by a favorite retro gum. Bubba Hubba bubblegum-flavored gin liqueur is a bright pink beverage made by Sweet Little Liqueurs, a Manchester, England-based drink company run by brothers Hani and David Fashhou.
One look at the label (and the name) reveals the drink's inspiration. It sounds and looks a lot like Hubba Bubba bubblegum, a chewing gum that was introduced in the U.S. in 1979 and became an iconic treat of the 1980s.
"Bubba Hubba is a cheeky nod to the original (Hubba Bubba) bubblegum we used to and still do love from childhood," Hani Fashhou told The Daily Meal in an email. "The whole Sweet Little range is based on our love for nostalgic flavors, sweets, candies and desserts. We have hundreds of flavors yet to release." Bubba Hubba was released in July 2018, he said.
The company also makes other flavored gin liqueurs, including marshmallow, violet, popcorn and custard flavors.
Hubba Bubba gum, made by the Wrigley Company, is known for not being as sticky as other bubble gums, so it was easier to peel off your face when that giant bubble finally popped. The Wrigley Company did not respond to a request for comment.
"We would love to be affiliated with Wrigley's, but I think this may be a stretch as we are dealing with alcohol," Hani Fashhou said. But he reiterated that the idea for the drink comes from pure love of and admiration for the gum. "Who isn't (a fan of Hubba Bubba gum)?" he asked. "It's awesome."
The liqueur is available to U.K. buyers from online store Ginspiration for £22.99 (about $30 U.S.) And Fashhou told The Daily Meal that by August, Ginspiration will offer international shipping. "It really has all exploded," he said of interest in the drink.
Needless to say, you don't chew it, but there are numerous ways to use the beverage.
"I personally drink it neat over ice," Hani Fashhou said. "With lemonade, it's amazing, and as for cocktails (the) opportunities are endless."
Bubba Hubba isn't the only bright pink alcoholic beverage to hit store shelves this year. In February, just in time for Valentine's Day, Bailey's released a seasonal flavor based on chocolate-covered strawberries.
If you need some more nostalgia to chew on, check out these foods and drinks from the 1980s that you'll definitely remember.
Please solve the following math function: 3 + 7
11 Things You Didn't Know About 'Pioneer Woman' Ree Drummond
The Best Ice Cream Stand in Every State Gallery
25 habits of toxic peopleÂ
The Best Casual Restaurant in Every State Gallery
Our Favorite Recipes of the Year Gallery
30 things you have to do now that your kids have moved out
Heinz Ketchup Packets Could Be Getting an Eco-Friendly Makeover
Cracker Barrel Is Finally Adding Fried Chicken to Its Menu
Which Chicken Wing Is Better, the Drum or the Flat? Twitter Debates
Doctors Only Listen to Their Patients for 11 Seconds, Study Finds
Del Taco, Beyond Meat Team Up for Vegan Menu Items in California
Guy Fieri to Launch Chicken Guy! Restaurant at Disney Springs
McDonald's Is Giving One Lucky Customer Free McDonald's for Life
Kylie Jenner Just Had Cereal With Milk for the First Time
This Is the Best Tea to Put You to Sleep
Woman Sues Canada Dry Alleging Ginger Ale Contains No Actual Ginger


Comments: We have a notice of allowance in the U.S. The crop team is comfortable going forward without an issued patent.
Comments: The resistance covered in this patent family is derived from S. habrochaites and/or S. lycopersicum.


text:
SMS Sankt Georg – krążownik pancerny z początku XX wieku w służbie Kaiserliche und Königliche Kriegsmarine, jedyny okręt swojego typu. Służył podczas I wojny światowej, jednak nie był intensywnie wykorzystywany bojowo. Brał udział w ostrzale artyleryjskim celów we Włoszech i uczestniczył w kilku nieskutecznych akcjach bojowych. Po likwidacji marynarki wojennej Austro-Węgier przyznany został Wielkiej Brytanii i złomowany po 1920 roku.

Budowa
SMS "Sankt Georg" (Święty Jerzy) był ostatnim i najsilniejszym okrętem klasy krążowników pancernych zbudowanym dla marynarki Austro-Węgier. Stanowił dalsze stadium rozwoju austro-węgierskich okrętów tej klasy, będąc bezpośrednim powiększonym rozwinięciem konstrukcji krążownika . Wprowadził artylerię główną dwóch kalibrów, podobnie, jak zbudowane nieco wcześniej krążowniki pancerne typu "Garibaldi" potencjalnego przeciwnika – Włoch. Artyleria taka składała się z nielicznych dział największego kalibru do walki z silnie opancerzonymi okrętami (na krążownikach omawianych typów zgrupowane były na dziobie, dla celów pościgowych) oraz liczniejszych dział drugiego, mniejszego kalibru (190-203 mm), a ponadto z artylerii średniej (kalibru typowo 150 mm) i artylerii pomocniczej. Unikalną cechą "Sankt Georga" było wysoce różnorodne i nietypowo rozmieszczone uzbrojenie, z dwoma działami 238 mm (24 cm) w wieży na dziobie i jednym działem 190 mm w znacznie mniejszej wieży na rufie, dalszymi czterema działami 190 mm w kazamatach, nieliczną artylerią średnią w postaci czterech dział 150 mm w kazamatach oraz artylerią pomocniczą składającą się z nowo wprowadzonych dział 66 mm (7 cm) i dział 47 mm.

Stępkę pod budowę okrętu położono 11 marca 1901 roku w krytym doku Arsenału Morskiego (Stoczni Marynarki Wojennej) w Poli. Na etapie budowy oznaczony był jako "Panzerkreuzer E" (krążownik pancerny E) lub "Ersatz Radetzky" (dla zamiany fregaty ). 8 grudnia 1903 roku wodowano kadłub (według starszych publikacji wodowano go 8 lutego 1903 roku). Niedługo wcześniej nadano mu nazwę "Sankt Georg", wybraną przez cesarza Franciszka Józefa, pomimo sugestii nazwania okrętu od imienia członka dynastii panującej, tak jak wcześniejszych krążowników pancernych. Dopiero 31 lipca 1905 roku okręt wszedł do służby. Koszt budowy wyniósł 18 077 945 koron.

Opis
"Sankt Georg" miał typową architekturę dla krążowników pancernych tego okresu. Kadłub był gładkopokładowy, z taranową dziobnicą. Na samej rufie była tzw. galeryjka admiralska. Na pokładzie dziobowym znajdowała się dwudziałowa wieża dział 238 mm, a na rufowym – pojedyncza wieża działa 190 mm. Za wieżą dziobową była nadbudówka na całą szerokość kadłuba, dalej na śródokręciu trzy proste wysokie kominy i za nimi niższa nadbudówka rufowa. Pośrodku długości kadłuba na burtach były kazamaty dla par dział 190 mm, skierowanych do przodu i do tyłu. Kazamaty 4 dział 150 mm znajdowały się na burtach, na wysokości wież artylerii na dziobie i rufie (mogły strzelać na boki oraz, odpowiednio, na wprost w kierunku dziobu lub rufy, dzięki wcięciu burt). Osiem dział 66 mm z maskami przeciwodłamkowymi znajdowało się na stanowiskach na pokładzie – na śródokręciu, za niską falszburtą, po cztery na burtę (cztery z nich były nad kazamatami dział 190 mm). Dziewiąte działo tego typu, zamienione w 1916 roku na przeciwlotnicze, znajdowało się na nadbudówce rufowej, w osi okrętu. Sylwetkę okrętu uzupełniały dwa maszty, w tym maszt na nadbudówce dziobowej, wyposażony w platformy. Po bokach drugiego i trzeciego komina były składowane łodzie i znajdowały się tam dwa duże dźwigi, o wygiętym ramieniu (odróżniające okręt od "Kaisera Karla VI", nie posiadającego dźwigów).

Służba
W początkowym okresie służby okręt kilkakrotnie pływał na wschodnie Morze Śródziemne, odwiedzając okoliczne porty. Już wkrótce po wejściu do służby, wszedł w Pireusie w skład międzynarodowej eskadry, która w dniach od 26 listopada do 17 grudnia 1905 roku dokonała demonstracji siły wobec Turcji, wysadzając oddziały na wyspach Mytilene i Lemnos. Między kwietniem a lipcem 1907 roku "Sankt Georg" z krążownikiem  odbył rejs do USA, odwiedzając Nowy Jork i biorąc udział w paradzie na Hampton Roads w czerwcu z okazji 300-lecia założenia Jamestown. Między 18 grudnia 1908 a 31 maja 1911 roku był odstawiony do Eskadry Rezerwowej (w miejsce krążownika "Kaiser Karl VI"). W kolejnych latach uczestniczył w licznych manewrach, ćwiczeniach i przeglądach floty austro-węgierskiej. W 1913 roku brał udział w międzynarodowej demonstracji siły przeciw Czarnogórze, usiłującej zająć albański port Skutari – między 18 sierpnia a 7 listopada, w składzie międzynarodowej eskadry, blokował ujście rzeki Bojany (zmieniony później przez SMS "Aspern").

W chwili wybuchu I wojny światowej "Sankt Georg" był okrętem flagowym Flotylli Krążowników. 7 sierpnia 1914 roku w składzie sił głównych floty wyszedł na Adriatyk naprzeciw ściganym przez flotę brytyjską niemieckim okrętom  i , lecz akcja została odwołana z powodu zmiany planów Niemców. Z powodu warunków działania na Adriatyku, ciężkie okręty austro-węgierskie, w tym "Sankt Georg", nie były intensywnie wykorzystywane bojowo. 24 maja 1915 roku "Sankt Georg" ostrzeliwał mosty kolejowe w Rimini we Włoszech (8 pocisków 238 mm, 10 – 190 mm, 2 – 150 mm), ponownie 18 czerwca ostrzelał Rimini i Pesaro (z krążownikiem ). W dniach 2-4 lutego 1916 roku z krążownikiem  ostrzeliwał San Vito i Ortonę we Włoszech (10 pocisków 238 mm, 31 – 190 mm, 50 – 150 mm, 98 – 66 mm). 29 sierpnia 1916 roku wziął udział w bezskutecznym rajdzie pod Brindisi, mającym na celu wywabienie floty włoskiej przed oczekujące okręty podwodne. 15 maja 1917 roku wyszedł z 4 torpedowcami i 2 niszczycielami w celu wsparcia grupy krążownika  po bitwie w cieśninie Otranto, z którą połączył się o godz. 12.25.

W dniach 1-3 lutego 1918 roku załoga "Sankt Georga" stojącego w Boce Kotorskiej wzięła udział w rewolucyjnym wystąpieniu marynarzy, wywieszając czerwoną flagę, zabijając I oficera (którym był kmdr por. Egon Ritter Zipperer von Arbach), więżąc innych oficerów i przedkładając petycję "Czego chcemy". Bunt opanowano, a wśród jego czterech prowodyrów rozstrzelanych 11 lutego, znalazło się dwóch marynarzy z krążownika (Anton Grabar i Jerko Sisgorič). 14 marca krążownik na krótko przekształcono w hulk sztabowy dla nowo utworzonego stanowiska admirała w dyspozycji Głównodowodzącego. 6 kwietnia 1918 roku okręt jednak wycofano ze służby bojowej, a od 9 kwietnia stał się okrętem-bazą okrętów podwodnych w Teodo (po pancerniku obrony wybrzeża "Monarch"). Po zakończeniu wojny i likwidacji marynarki Austro-Węgier, został w styczniu 1920 roku przez Komisję Morską w Paryżu przyznany Wielkiej Brytanii, po czym sprzedany przez nią na złom włoskiej firmie w Tarencie.

W 2005 roku Austria wypuściła srebrną monetę pamiątkową 20 euro z serii "Austria na morzach", upamiętniającą wizytę "Sankt Georga" w Stanach Zjednoczonych, a na rewersie – budowę okrętu.

Dane techniczne
Napęd:
 2 pionowe 4-cylindrowe maszyny parowe potrójnego rozprężania (VTE) o łącznej mocy maks. 14 860 KM (moc projektowa 15 000 KM)
 12 kotłów wodnorurkowych dwupaleniskowych typu Yarow, ciśnienie 21 at
 2 śruby trzypiórowe, średnica 488 cm
 zapas paliwa: 1103 t węgla lub 908,8 t brykietów węglowych

Uzbrojenie:
 2 działa 238 mm (nominalnie 24 cm) w wieży na dziobie (1 x II)
 długość lufy L/40 (40 kalibrów); masa pocisku 229 kg, donośność 16,4 km, szybkostrzelność do 2,5 strz./min;
 kąt podniesienia -4º +20º, zapas amunicji: 80 pocisków na działo
 5 dział 190 mm Skoda w wieży na rufie i kazamatach (5 x I)
 długość lufy L/42; masa pocisku 97 kg, donośność ok. 20 km, szybkostrzelność do 3 strz./min,
 kąt podniesienia -5º +15º; zapas amunicji: 130 pocisków na działo
 4 działa 149 mm (nominalnie 15 cm) w kazamatach (4 x I)
 długość lufy L/40; masa pocisku 45,5 kg, donośność do 10 km;
 kąt podniesienia -6º +20º, zapas amunicji: 132 pociski na działo
 9 dział 66 mm (nominalnie 7 cm) w stanowiskach z maskami przeciwodłamkowymi (9 x I) (8 od 1916 r.)
 długość lufy L/45; kąt podniesienia -10º +20º; zapas amunicji: 400 pocisków na działo
 1 działo przeciwlotnicze 66 mm K10 (nominalnie 7 cm) (od 1916 r.)
 długość lufy L/50; kąt podniesienia -5º +90º
 8 dział 47 mm Skoda (8 x I)
 długość lufy L/44; zapas amunicji: 500 pocisków na działo
 2 działa 47 mm Skoda
 długość lufy L/33; zapas amunicji: 450 pocisków na działo
 2 karabiny maszynowe 8 mm (po 4000 nabojów)
 2 podwodne stałe wyrzutnie torped 450 mm (2 x I), 6 torped
 2 działa desantowe 70 mm (na kutrach)
 długość lufy L/18; zapas amunicji: 114 pocisków na działo

Opancerzenie:
 pionowe (stal Kruppa):
 główny burtowy pas pancerny: 210 mm
 górny pas pancerny: 165 mm
 grodzie cytadeli: 190 mm
 pokład pancerny:
 na dziobie 60 mm (30 + 30)
 na śródokręciu 36 mm (18 + 18)
 na rufie 45 mm
 artyleria:
 barbeta dział 238 mm: 210 mm
 wieża dział 238 mm: 200-165 mm (od góry 50 mm)
 wieża dział 190 mm: 137 mm
 kazamaty dział 190 mm: 152 mm
 kazamaty dział 150 mm: 150 mm
 stanowisko dowodzenia: 200-125 mm

Wyposażenie:
 6 reflektorów średnicy 60 cm
 2 reflektory średnicy 35 cm na kutrach

Przypisy

Bibliografia

Austro-węgierskie krążowniki pancerne
Austro-węgierskie okręty z okresu I wojny światowej
Nazwy austro-węgierskich okrętów
Okręty zbudowane w Marinearsenal w Puli

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Our vision is to move youth towards a loving, hopeful, worth filled life in Jesus Christ. And our purpose is to find a need and fill it, find a hurt and heal it.
The Refinery Youth exist to help youth find and learn who Jesus is. As leaders we strive to create a fun and excepting environment. We want to draw as many youth as possible to come see what we are all about.
The Refinery Youth leaders teach that no matter where you may have been or what you may have done, Christ loves and values you. The goal is by the time they are old enough to exit the youth program that they have a strong relationship with God and a desire to continue their walk with Christ for the rest of their life.
It's time we start raising up a generation that has a desire to put God first!


text:
Q: How to change default settings when adding new users? I wonder how it is possible to change the default settings for creating new users. At the moment I must remove the "live edit" permission and change the BE language to german for every single user.
I have two groups for my users AUTHOR and MAINAUTHOR. Members of AUTHOR should only have access to the draft workspace and only MAINAUTHOR's members should have the live workspace too. (MAINAUTHOR inherits from AUTHOR and should add only the live permission.)
I found out that I can use setup.override.lang = de in the group options to change the language but I can't find an equivalent for the live permission.

A: You can change the default pageTS for your own user via userTS (or for a whole group).
There you can use TCAdefaults to set default values for your be_users table.
https://docs.typo3.org/m/typo3/reference-tsconfig/11.5/en-us/PageTsconfig/TcaDefaults.html
Example from TYPO3 Core Docs for pages table
# Show newly created pages by default
TCAdefaults.pages.hidden = 0

A: You could try the extension sys_workflows[1] which was made for these kind of tasks. The extension should work on TYPO3 4.5 but doesn't work on a 6.2beta3 (just tested).
[1] http://forge.typo3.org/projects/extension-sys_workflows

A: You can configure the default values in the user TSconfig for new users. All options are described in the user TSconfig manual: https://docs.typo3.org/m/typo3/reference-tsconfig/11.5/en-us/UserTsconfig/Setup.html
Also explained is how to configure user TSconfig in general:
https://docs.typo3.org/m/typo3/reference-tsconfig/11.5/en-us/UsingSetting/UserTSconfig.html

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Visiting scholar Prof. Delgerjargal Purevsuren has registered at Center for Chinese Studies on March 2, 2015. Prof. Purevsuren is a Mongolian scholar who is currently an associate professor at National University of Mongolia. His research topic is "Early Inner Asian Nomads in Chinese Sources: Perceptions and Images". His research period is from February to November, 2015. His host institute in Taiwan is Department of Ethnology, National ChengChi Univeristy.


text:
Jamaican gays escape lynching
Police batter victim of homophobic mob
Four men narrowly escaped being lynched by a homophobic mob in Kingston, Jamaica, on Valentine's Day, last Wednesday, 14 February 2007.
A crowd of around 200 people besieged the men in a pharmacy in the Tropical Plaza shopping centre, abusing them with anti-gay taunts and threats to kill them.
Fearing a possible Valentine's Day massacre, the pharmacy staff called the police. When officers arrived on the scene they homophobically abused the four men. One man – Gareth, a leader of the Jamaican gay rights group J-Flag – was struck with a gun butt and hit on the face and head by the police.
As the police escorted the four men out of the pharmacy to be driven to safety, another of the four men was hit on the head by an object thrown by the angry homophobic mob.
Below is a firsthand eye-witness account of what happened, narrated by Gareth, who was present throughout the incident. Gareth is a leader of the Jamaican lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) human rights group, J-Flag. His full name cannot be revealed because this would enable him to be tracked down and make it likely that he would be targeted for assassination.
Acting in consultation with Gareth and J-Flag, OutRage! is urging people to protest to their local Jamaican Ambassador.
Brett Lock of OutRage! said:
"Despite abusive treatment at the hands of the police, it is progress that officers escorted the men to safety. In the past, the Jamaican police have been accused of allowing gay men to be battered and killed by homophobic mobs. Nevertheless, the abuse of these men by officers who are supposed to uphold the law is totally unacceptable."
Mr Lock added:
"We urge LGBT individuals and organisations to press the Jamaican government to:
"Prosecute the police officers who homophobically abused and assaulted the four men.
"Enact comprehensive hate crimes laws to protect all Jamaicans, including
gay people, women and people with HIV.
"Introduce police training in human rights issues, to ensure protection and justice for people who are threatened and attacked on account of their sexual orientation, gender or HIV status," said Mr Lock.
Please email your protest to the Jamaican High Commissioner in London:
His Excellency, Burchell Whiteman
hc@jhcuk.com
Jamaican High Commission, 1-2 Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BZ
A firsthand eye-witness account from Gareth of J-Flag:
"On Wednesday 14 February 2007, three guys were followed by an angry, homophobic woman into a pharmacy at the Tropical Plaza shopping centre in Kingston. She cursed and called them names, accusing them of being gay and saying that battymen (queers) must be killed. She attracted the attention of other shoppers in the plaza, who quickly gathered at the door of the pharmacy. This homophobic mob began shouting abuse and violent threats.
"I was already in the pharmacy purchasing items. I recognised the three men and went over and spoke to them, asking them to calm down. I advised them to deal with the situation in a different manner, since the store management had already escorted the woman outside and called the police.
"Because I had intervened to calm the situation, I was pointed at and referred to as a friend of the three guys. People said that I must be gay too. The crowd demanded that I come outside, so they could beat me. After hearing these threats, I decided to wait until the police arrived to escort the three guys out. I thought it would safer for me to leave with them, at the same time.
"The three men were supported by the store staff but verbally abused by the police and by the store's private security personnel.
"I was violently abused by members of the police team. They slapped me in the face, hit me on the head, and the handle of a M16 gun was used to strike me in the lower abdomen.
"According to the medical report, my injuries were: soft tissue injuries to right side of face (peri-orbital), right panetal scalp with minor soft haematoma, and blunt abdominal trauma and muscular spasm. These injuries are deemed serious by the doctor who examined me.
"This assault happened because one of the police officers was being very aggressive and homophobic. I told him that he should not abuse us in that manner. The officers forcibly dragged me towards the door. When I told them not to treat me like that, they became more hostile.
"I was the only one injured inside the pharmacy. But one of the three guys was hit on the head with an object when he went outside to get into the police car.
"The police refused to tell us how we were going to get safely outside amid the angry mob of approximately 200 people. This made us very anxious.
"The homophobic abuse by the police was wrong and they must be held accountable. The Jamaican Government and police force must ensure that homophobic brutality stops.
"It was good that the police helped take us to safety. We thank them. But it is bad that they insulted and assaulted us.
"We need a full and proper investigation into allegations of police misconduct in the pharmacy and en route to the police station. The political leadership of our country must take a stand against homophobia and protect the rights of gay and lesbian Jamaicans," said Gareth of J-Flag.
J-Flag media statement on the homophobic attack on 14 February 2007:
"A mob surrounded a store in the Tropical Plaza (shopping centre) on Constant Spring Road, calling for three men to be handed over to be beaten to death because they were believed to be homosexuals.
"The police were summoned, and when they arrived, according to eyewitnesses, they began to beat a man (Gareth from J-Flag) who was trying to make peace in the situation and ended becoming a target as a result.
"The police did eventually help the three men and the peacemaker to leave the store, but only after four of them (the police officers) had beaten the peacemaker (Gareth) with their guns and fists, insulting him and calling him a homosexual.
"The men were whisked away in a police car. While in the vehicle, all the way to the police station, the men were taunted by the police with anti-gay epithets. The insults continued even when the men arrived at the Half-Way Tree police station, where other police joined in the name-calling. The policemen at the station told them that they should
be grateful and warned them never to return to Half-Way Tree.
"Jamaica AIDS Support for Life and the Jamaica Forum for Lesbians, All-Sexuals and Gays are united in their outrage at this blatant violation of police codes of conduct and the laws against battery by police against citizens. Rather than carrying out their duties fair-mindedly and without prejudice, the policemen were themselves the perpetrators of a violent, homophobic attack on a citizen whom they had been called to serve and protect.
"We applaud the actions of the staff at the store who showed a fundamental humanity and respect for their fellow Jamaicans, and who called for the assistance of the police. The response of the police however shows that citizens perceived to be gay remain vulnerable to attacks both from violent members of the public as well as from the security forces themselves sworn to defend against the violation of their rights.
"We call upon the Commissioner of Police, the Office of Professional Responsibility and the Public Defender to ensure that the policemen involved in this assault are brought to justice.
"We wish to reiterate that a society in which any Jamaican can be denied his or her rights as a citizen is a Jamaica in which no Jamaican is guaranteed his or her rights. We urge the authorities to accord this matter the attention it deserves as a matter of justice and human rights," said J-Flag.
To make donations to support J-Flag's work, please contact:
admin@jflag.org or www.jflag.org
International, Jamaica