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The Principality of Rügen was a Danish principality, formerly a duchy, consisting of the island of Rügen and the adjacent mainland from 1168 until 1325. It was governed by a local dynasty of princes of the Wizlawiden (House of Wizlaw) dynasty. For at least part of this period, Rügen was subject to the Holy Roman Empire.

Danish conquest and conversion

The Danes conquered the Rani stronghold of Arkona in 1168.
The rulers of the Rani became vassals of the Danish king, and the Slavic population was gradually Christianized.

In the 12th century, the Duchy of Rügen not only functioned as a bridgehead for Danish expansions into Vendland, but also Rani forces successfully participated in Danish raids into Circipania and areas conquered by Pomerania's Wartislaw I in the 1120s. After Pomerania became part of the Holy Roman Empire in 1181, it sent out a navy in 1184 to subdue Rügen for the empire, too.
A Danish and Rani counterattack destroyed the Pomeranian navy in the Bay of Greifswald, granting Danish access to all of the Wendish Baltic coast and making Denmark the predominant power until 1227. In the Battle of Bornhöved in 1227, the Danes again lost all Wendish lands except for Rügen.

After the Danish conquest, the princes moved their capital from Charenza to nearby Rugard (now incorporated in Bergen auf Rügen).
While the island of Rügen was incorporated into the Danish Archdiocese of Roskilde, the mainland portion was incorporated into the Saxon Bishopric of Schwerin as a compensation for the Duchy of Saxony's aid in the conquest.

Rugia as Danish vassal

Tetzlav was mentioned by Saxo Grammaticus already in 1164 as a king. After the Danish conquest, he became a prince, and in 1170 was succeeded by his brother, Jaromar I (d. 1218).

After Jaromar, the succession of Slavic princes under Danish vassalage was as follows:
 1218–1221 Barnuta (oldest son of Jaromar I, ancestor of the House of Gristow)
 24 November 1221 – 1249 Wizlaw I (Barnuta's brother)
 1249–1260 Jaromar II (son of Wizlaw I)
 1260–1302 Wizlaw II (son of Jaromar II)
 1303–1304 Sambor and Wizlaw III (sons of Wizlaw II, Sambor died in 1304)
 1304–1325 Wizlaw III

Population movements

When Rügen became a Danish principality, not only religion changed. In the course of the Ostsiedlung, large numbers of German settlers had been encouraged to come to Rügen by the Rani prince Jaromar I and his successors. In the early 13th century, the mainland section of the duchy, which in large parts consisted of woodland, was settled by Germans, who established new villages and towns through large scale deforestation campaigns as well as settling in existing Rani dwellings. The first German settlements are recorded in the Ryck valley and the Tribsees area in the Trebel valley. The German settlement on the islands of Rügen started only in the 14th century, when the mainland was already densely German settled. In the following centuries, Rani and German population mixed and shared a common fate. As the Rani language, culture and administration was transformed into German in the 13th century, the Rani ceased to exist as a distinguishable ethnic group.
Danes and Danish property are recorded also.

Foundation of abbeys
The Dargun Abbey, founded 1272 by the Pomeranian dukes, was also sponsored by the Rugian dukes with land.
Ostsiedlung was enhanced by abbeys founded on behalf of the princes of Rügen:
1193 Bergen Abbey
1199 Hilda abbey (later Eldena, erected by Danish monks from Esrom Abbey that had been in Dargun Abbey before)
1231 Neuenkamp Abbey (erected by monks from Lower Saxon Altenkamp)
1296 Hiddensee Abbey

The abbeys were granted vast lands, in part turned over from the former temple estates. Wittow had been Arkona's temple isle before the Danish conquest, and the other temples, e.g. in Charenza, also had rich possessions.

Towns were either built within a clearance or near an older Rani burgh and granted Lübeck law when grown to a respective size. The date Lübeck law was granted is given in the following list as it is usually seen as the town's anniversary, even if the town itself was projected and built earlier:

1234 Stralsund
1255 Barth
1258 Damgarten
1270 Rügenwalde
1285 Grimmen

One exception is the town of Greifswald: While projected and built while within the Principality of Rügen, the area was claimed by the Griffin Duchy of Pomerania before it was granted market rights in 1241 by the Rugian and Pomeranian dukes in common and granted Lübeck law not by the Rugians, but by the Pomeranian duke alone.

The other exception is the town of Schadegast: Founded close to Stralsund, the town had to be levelled on behalf of the Stralsund burghers in 1269.

Military expeditions

After the 1168 Danish conquest, the Rugian dukes became a valuable ally to the Danes who participated in many Danish expeditions:

1177 Rugian troops participate in Danish raids of Usedom, Wollin and the County of Gützkow
1178 Rugian troops participate in a Danish raid of the terra Wusterhusen and Wolgast
1184 Battle of the Bay of Greifswald: The Rugian navy encounters the Pomeranian navy on its way to conquer Rügen and entirely defeats it. This made way for the Danes to again loot Usedom and Wolgast.
1185 Rugian troops participate in Danish raids of the Peene river estituary and Cammin
1219 Rugian troops participate in Danish conquest of Estonia
1259 Rugian troops raid Seeland aiding Christopher I of Denmark in a civil war with the archbishops of Lund, the Rugians sacked Copenhagen, raided Skane and Lolland
1260 Rugian troops take Lilleborg fortress (Bornholm)

Territorial changes

In 1235, Wizlaw I gained half of the terra Wolgast, yet lost it to the Pomeranian dukes before 1250.  Wizlaw II did not succeed in inheriting Schlawe-Stolp from his mother, but gained the terra Loitz in 1275

Princes of Rügen

Tetzlav (1168–1170)
In 1168 after the capture of the fortress and temple on Arkona and Charenza by Valdemar I of Denmark the Rügen princes finally had to pay feudal homage to the Danes. In addition to handing over the temple treasure to the Danes and transferring the estates owned by the temple to the Church, the Rügen princes were obliged to render knights' service in case of war, to pay annual taxes, to provide hostages and to adopt Christianity. Tetzlav (died 1170) who was described by Saxo Grammaticus in 1164 as king, was from then on titled the Prince of Rügen.

Jaromar I (1170–1218)
His brother and successor, Prince Jaromar I (died 1218), accepted Danish supremacy and promoted the adoption of Christianity. By 1169, the Pope had placed the island of Rügen within the bishopric of Roskilde. In 1178, the Bishopric of Schwerin, which was in Henry the Lion's domain and was involved in the Rügen campaign under Bishop Berno, was given responsibility for all the mainland territories of Rügen apart from Ryck. Donations of estates by the Pomeranian prince, Casimir I from the areas around Pütte and Barth to Dargun Abbey, founded in 1172 by Danish monks, show that, at that time, Pomerania extended well into Rügen's mainland territories through the region of Borgwallsee to Barth.

In 1177, Rügen troops supported military campaigns by the Danes to Wollin, Usedom and Gützkow, and, in 1178, to Wusterhusen and Wolgast Jaromar I resided from 1180 on the Rugard near Bergen. In 1182, when the Danish king, Knut VI, refused 1182 to pay feudal homage to the emperor Frederick Barbarossa, the Duke of Pomerania, Bogislaw I, is supposed to have contemplated forcing Knut VI to do so. But first he had to conquer Rügen. However, in 1184, the Pomeranian navy was defeated in the Bay of Greifswald by the Danish-Rügen fleet. The Danes then plundered the areas around Wolgast, Usedom and Wollin. The following year they again ravaged the countryside around the Peene estuary and Cammin and destroyed the castle of Groswin at Stolpe.

Finally, Bogislaw I was forced to submit to Danish suzerainty. Two years after Bogislaw I died in 1187, the Danish king appointed the Prince of Rügen, Jaromar I, as guardian of Bogislaw's minor sons. Jaromar I was able to use this opportunity to considerably expand his domain, as gifts to Bergen Abbey, founded in 1193, indicate. These estates included both land around Barth and Tribsees as well as around Gützkow and Ziethen. In the border dispute between Jaromar I and the widow of Bogislaw I, Knut VI awarded the estates of Miserez (near Jarmen) and Loitz to Gützkow Castle which was in Rügen's hands. Jaromar was given Tribsees and Wusterhusen as a fief. On the founding of the Hilda Abbey at the mouth of the Ryck in 1199, Jaromar I granted large areas of land on both sides of the Ryck to the abbey. The sons of Bogislaw I, who were now of age, confirmed these grants in 1216 and 1219, after they had gained possession of Gützkow. Until 1240, the Ryck marked the boundary between the Principality of Rügen and the Duchy of Pomerania.

Barnuta (1218–1221)
After Jaromar I's death in 1218, his son Barnuta became his successor. However, he stepped down in 1221, leaving the government of the principality to his brother, Vitslav I.

Vitslav I (24 Nov 1221–1249)
Vitslav I had taken part as early as 1219 in a military campaign by Waldemar II against Estonia. When Valdemar II lost control of Danish possessions on the southern Baltic Sea coast following his defeat in the Battle of Bornhöved, only the Principality of Rügen remained under Danish suzerainty.

The first new settlements were established north of the Ryck by Eldena Abbey. In the area around Tribsees, too, the first German settlers were had already arrived by 1221. In the years that followed they also settled in the area of Richtenberg. Vitslav I  encouraged this development, by enabling Cistercian monks from the Lower Rhine to found Neuenkamp Abbey in the region in 1231. The result was a rising influx of German settlers into an area of forest in the southern part of Rügen's mainland territory, 300 hides in area, which had been donated by the monastery with the aim of clearing and cultivating it. Two collateral branches of the princely house, the lords of Gristow and the family of Putbus also encouraged colonization by Germans of their estates in Reinberg and Brandshagen. This period also saw the granting of town rights to  Stralsund in 1234, and it evolved into an important trading post. In Loitz Detlef von Gadebusch, who came into the area while Mecklenburg advanced against Pomerania, tried to establish vassal rule similar to that of the Jaczos of Salzwedel with County of Gützkow in Pomerania. It is probably that, in 1244, he also came under the Duchy of Pomerania. On the island of Rügen itself, there was no significant German settlement at that time.

Jaromar II (1249–1260)
From 1246, Jaromar II was co-regent with his father, Vitslav I, who died in 1250. He strove, during his early years in power, to achieve peaceful relations with his Pomeranian neighbours, especially the counts of Gützkow. He encouraged trade, especially with Lübeck, and abolished wrecking rights. The destruction of Stralsund in 1249 by an army commissioned by the town of Lübeck led to four years of privateering against Lübeck-registered ships until Lübeck eventually backed down and paid compensation.

The estates of the monasteries were greatly expanded under Jaromar II. In 1252, he sold the present-day Mönchgut estate of Reddevitz on Rügen to Eldena Abbey, and he also promoted the establishment of town-based monasteries in Stralsund. He gave town rights to Barth in 1255 and to Damgarten in 1258.

In 1259 he intervened in the conflict between the Danish king, Christopher I and the archbishops of Lund and landed with a Rügen army on Zealand. He conquered Copenhagen, routed a peasant army raised by the Queen Dowager, Margaret Sambiria, and devastated large parts of Zeeland, Scania and Lolland. In 1260, he landed on Bornholm and destroyed the fort of Lilleborg. In the same year he was killed by a woman who stabbed him in revenge.

Vitslav II (1260–1302) and Jaromar III (1260–1282)
Vitslav II, who came to power at the age of 20 after the violent death of his father, tried to improve the relationship between Lübeck and Stralsund by renewing trade agreements. At the behest of Stralsund, he had the nearby town of Schadegard, founded in 1269, razed. In 1270, as a result of his mother's claims, he came into the possession of the fiefdom of Schlawe and founded the city of Rügenwalde there. By in 1277 he had sold the estates and town to the margraves of Brandenburg. After the extinction of the line of Detlef von Gadebusch in 1273 he inherited the region of Loitz.

In 1283 he formed an alliance with several North German towns and other princes in the Rostock Peace Treaty The investiture of Vitslav II in 1283 by the German king, Rudolf, was probably only related to the mainland territory. The regular participation of Vitslav II in Danish royal councils and attestations indicates the perpetuation of the feudal relationship between Rügen and the Kingdom of Denmark.

In 1285, Grimmen was given town rights by Vitslav. In 1296, Neuenkamp Abbey founded a daughter monastery on the island of Hiddensee. By granting trade monopoly on the island of Rügen and the rights to fish for herring to Wittow, hitherto reserved for Lübeck, he supported the town of Stralsund, but at the same time hampered the general development of trade and commerce.

Prior to his death in 1282, Vitslav II's younger brother, Jaromar III, often served as regent and co-prince.

Vitslav III (1303–1325) and Sambor III
After Wizlaw II died during a visit to Norway in 1302, his sons, Vitslav III and Sambor III, became joint princes of Rügen. Sambor died, however, in 1304. At the instigation of his mother's relatives, Vitslav III had received a courtly, aristocratic education and was a minnesinger. Since his first marriage turned out to be childless, in 1310 his liege lord, the King of Denmark Erik Menved, agreed a contract of inheritance with Vitslav III, whereby the collateral branches of the princely houses of Putbus and Gristow renounced their succession in favour of the Danish crown.

Erik Menved tried to enforce his dominance over the developing trading towns in the southern Baltic region. As a vassal of Erik Menveds, Wizlaw III tried to restrict Stralsund's privileges and Lübeck rights. The failure of negotiations eventually led to the siege of Stralsund in 1316 by an army under the leadership of Duke Eric I of Saxe-Lauenburg. A night attack by Stralsund ended in a victory over the besieging army and the duke was taken prisoner. Vitslaw III, who had participated in the siege of the town from the seaward side, had to escape. In 1317, there was a peace treaty between the town and its regional ruler. Vitslav III, whose financial situation had been worsened by the war, awarded numerous privileges to Stralsund, gave them the right to his royal taxes and jurisdiction and sold his mint to the town.

Pomeranian dukes (House of Griffins)
 1325–1326 Wartislaw IV
 1326–1368 Bogislaw V, Wartislaw V and Barnim IV
 1368–1372 Wartislaw VI and Bogislaw VI
 1372–1394 Wartislaw VI
 1394–1415 Wartislaw VIII
 1415–1432/6 Swietobor II
 1432/6-1451 Barnim VIII
 1451–1457 Wartislaw IX
 1457–1478 Wartislaw X

Inheritance by the Dukes of Pomerania

While the main branch of the House of Wizlaw (House of Rügen) became extinct with the death of Wizlaw III, two branches remained:
The House of Gristow, ancestors of Barnuta. Barnuta resigned for unknown reasons and was entitled "Herr" (Lord) of the Rugian terra Gristow north of the Ryck river. His descendants remained at Gristow.
The House of Putbus, a branch derived from the Rugian princes already in pagan times. The members of this branch were entitled "Herr" of Putbus in Southeast Rügen, and  in Prussian times were entitled "Fürst" (prince). This branch still exists.

The Principality of Rügen was inherited by the Griffins ruling the Duchy of Pomerania, after the last Rugian prince Wizlaw III died in 1325 and two wars were fought with Mecklenburg for Rügen inheritance (Rügischer Erbfolgekrieg).

Later history of the region

Denmark at several occasions tried to again acquire the principality, yet without or only with temporary success. In 1625, a Danish offer of 150,000 riksdaler for Rügen was rejected. During the Swedish-Brandenburgian War (1675–79) Christian V of Denmark conquered the principality twice, but was unable to keep it afterwards. The last time the principality was under Danish rule was from 1715 until 1721.

The area of the principality retained some special status within the Duchy and later Province of Pomerania, where it was at times the splinter duchy of Pomerania-Barth, Swedish Pomerania and the Regierungsbezirk Stralsund, then referred to as Neuvorpommern. Today, most of the area is administered as the districts of Vorpommern-Rügen and Vorpommern-Greifswald within the German federal state of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern.

Notes

References

See also
dominium maris baltici
List of Pomeranian duchies and dukes
History of Pomerania
History of Denmark
Rani (Slavic tribe)

1160s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1168 establishments in Europe
1320s disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire
1325 disestablishments in Europe
States and territories established in 1168
States and territories disestablished in the 1320s
Former countries in Europe
Principalities of the Holy Roman Empire
Former principalities
History of Pomerania
Medieval Denmark
Pomeranian duchies


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With material adapted from G2K's own Level 7 and 8 curriculum, Director of Studies Louise Wallis will lead the workshops, working with one of our highly experienced teachers to teach theory and demonstrate techniques.
These workshops are designed to be very hands on and will be extremely useful for anyone who is working with at a tutor (or wants to find one) and can already read some Khmer.
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The Babcock & Brown boys – Phil Green and Trevor Loewensohn – who got the band back together under the name of boutique advisory Alceon have not lost their taste for high-octane deals.
The dynamic duo behind one of the most spectacular financial collapses of the financial crisis have popped up as the party behind a $16.4 million bid for Blacktown-based fashion powerhouse Noni B.
The suburban women's fashion retailer put up the "for sale" sign in May when it announced that it was considering "strategic alternatives".
It appears the paltry 51?-a-share offer from Alceon was the best the fashion shop could attract given sales have gone into reverse – which put it in the red – and left little option other than a sale.
"I am pleased that the offer will secure the future of Noni B and ensure that the company remains at the forefront of women's fashion retailing in Australia," says one of Noni B's founders, Alan Kindl.
In March, Loewensohn explained that they had all learnt from their B&B days as he launched an Alceon-related listed investment vehicle.
Yes, nothing says discipline out the door like a $9 billion collapse.
This entry was posted in capitalism and tagged Babcock & Brown, capitalism, parks, Phil Green, public_housing, Trevor Loewensohn. Bookmark the permalink.


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Government urged to help boost uptake of electric vehicles
13.27 | 11 March 2020 | Technology | 2 comments
The RAC has described a sharp rise in registrations of new battery electric vehicles as 'extremely encouraging' – but says it is now 'critical' to maintain momentum.
Figures published by the Society of Motor Manufacturers and Traders (SMMT) show 2,508 battery electric vehicles (BEVs) were registered in February 2020 – a year on year rise of 243%.
Meanwhile there were also year-on-year rises in the number of new hybrid electric vehicles (72%) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (50%).
In total, 79,594 new vehicles were registered, the SMMT figures show.
The RAC says while the market share might still be small, it expects the rise in the number of new electric vehicles to continue in 2020.
It is calling on the Government to help build momentum – primarily by extending the life of the plug-in car grant, which provides up to £3,500 towards the purchase of brand new electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles.
The Government has already indicated the long-running grant may end this year, due to an expected rise in sales, but the RAC says it should remain until at least 2022 – to continue stimulating the market.
The RAC would also like to see vehicle excise duty abolished for all ultra-low emission vehicles.
Rod Dennis, RAC spokesperson, said: "Their overall market share might still be small, but the sharp rise in registrations of new electric vehicles is extremely encouraging and it's a trend we expect to see continue throughout 2020 as several important new models reach showrooms.
"Maintaining momentum is now critical – any driver looking to change their car needs to have confidence that switching to an electric model makes good financial as well as practical sense.
"The Government has already indicated the long-running plug-in car grant, which provides up to £3,500 towards the purchase of brand new electric or plug-in hybrid vehicles, may not continue after this year due to an expected rise in sales.
"We strongly urge the Government to keep the grant in place in some form until at least 2022 to continue stimulating the market.
"We would also like to see vehicle excise duty abolished for all ultra-low emission vehicles, effectively reversing the Government's 2017 decision to start charging plug-in hybrid vehicles car tax."
Looking a few years down the road, I wonder who will be taking the risk of buying a used electric vehicle where the very expensive battery has an unknown future life expectancy. I expect the depreciation curve/part ex value will drop off much more severely than petrol/diesel engine cars when they get to 6-7 years old.
Goodness. Anyone would think that the RAC had a vested interest in maintaining the public's reliance on private motor vehicles for mobility rather than building a sensible public transport and mobility strategy.
Rod King, Lymm

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Nordhavnen is placed between Hellerup and Langelinie right by the Øresund coast and Denmark's largest marina.
The entire Nordhavn area is 200 ha and operates as port and industrial area, which includes Copenhagen's container terminal and cruise docks. In addition, there is quite a lot of warehouse and logistics activity. You will find it close to the neighbourhood Østerbro. From being an industrial port area, the area is developing into a new, attractive urban area with exciting new buildings with homes, shops, jobs and schools. It all makes the area an independent district with its own life and a very special touch - right down to the quayside.
Right beside the Nordhavn area is Denmark's biggest marina, Svanemøllehavnen, with over a thousand moorings. You can also find the workout Konditaget Lüders, The Portland Towers and the UN building here. With direct access to the Øresund on one side and Østerbro on the other, Nordhavn has a unique location right at the entrance to Copenhagen harbour. The area's old industry is envisioned in the new architecture, so new meets old - and the harbour meets the city.
Fun fact: In the tv series "Broen" (the Bridge) the homeless Bjørn is hidden at Nordhavnen, where he's trying to communicate by using morse code.


On July 19, 2018, the Court approved distributing of payments to Settlement Class Members. Click here to view a copy of that letter. Epiq will issue those payments by Friday, July 27, 2018. Please allow several days for delivery of the check, if you are to receive one. Thank you for your patience as we worked to resolve this matter. If you have any additional questions, please contact us at 1-888-593-5379.
We are nearly finished processing all claims and recalculating awards for eligible claimants. There are approximately 100 claims where more than one party is claiming ownership of an eligible engine for the same time period and a Special Master has been appointed to review the documentation related to those claims and make ownership determinations. Once that work is complete, we can finalize awards and mail checks. Click here to view updated documents filed with the Court. We continue to apologize for any inconvenience this has caused you and appreciate your patience as we work to resolve this matter. If you have any additional questions, please contact us at 1-888-593-5379.
Since April 6, 2018 we have been working diligently to recalculate awards for all eligible claimants. We are nearly finished with our work and expect to be in a position to issue corrected payments to all eligible claimants by mid-July. Click here to view updated documents that have been filed with the Court. We apologize for any inconvenience this has caused you and appreciate your patience as we have worked to resolve this matter. If you have any additional questions, please contact us at 1-888-593-5379.
We apologize for any frustration and inconvenience the delay in re-mailing your settlement check may be causing you. At this time, we do not have an exact payment date or an exact payment amount that you can expect to receive. We are currently working closely with Class Counsel and the Court to finalize the calculations and all parties are working as quickly as possible. We will be in a position to re-mail the Settlement checks shortly after the calculations have been finalized and approved by Class Counsel and the Court. Click here to view the various letters the Court and Class Counsel have written.
On March 30, 2018, settlement checks were mailed to Class Members who submitted a valid Claim Form in connection with the class action lawsuit entitled In re: Caterpillar C13 and C15 Engine Products Liability Litigation, Case 1:14-cv-03722-JBS-JS.
The Settlement Administrator identified a calculation error shortly after the checks mailed. If you received a check, please do not attempt to cash, negotiate, or deposit the check, as a stop payment was placed on all settlement checks. The Settlement Administrator is working to resolve this matter and promptly reissue settlement checks.
If you ever owned or leased a truck, bus or other vehicle with certain Caterpillar engines, you may be entitled to a payment from a class action settlement.
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text:
Center for African American Poetry and Poetics (CAAPP) & the ULS Collection
The Black Ecstatic: An Evening of Poetry and Film
A guide to the signed books by CAAPP event authors that are held in the University Library System collection.
Won't You Celebrate With Me? Poetry and Prose from the Director's Chair
An Evening with Terrance Hayes and Rickey Laurentiis
Reading and Conversation with Tracy K. Smith
Jonah Mixon-Webster
Because Blackness Like Poetry Means Many Things: Celebrating Cave Canem
Black Futures: Carl Phillips and Laylah Ali
Black Futures: Fred Moten and LaToya Ruby Frazier
A Tribute to Thaddeus Mosley
Black Futures: Diggs, Gladman, Jeanty, Keene
The Next Generation of Black Poets: Cave Canem Fellows and Friends
Sites of Memory: A Language for Grieving
On Beauty: Place, Blackness, and Being
Erasing Basquiat: Lecture by Christian Campbell
Why Does Black Art Matter Now?
Black Poets Speak Out
CAAPP
Founded in 2016, the Center for African American Poetry and Poetics (CAAPP) is a creative think tank for African American and African diasporic poetries and poetics. The mission is to highlight, promote, and share the poetry and poetic work of African American writers. Their programming aims to present exciting live poetry and conversation, contextualize the meaning of that work, and archive it for future generations. CAAPP is located on the Oakland campus of the University of Pittsburgh.
Full Mission & History
October 24-25, 2018 Event - The Black Ecstatic: An Evening of Poetry and Film
Signing Photo
Artwork: Devan Shimoyama, He Lies, He Cries, 2016, Courtesy of Joyce Varvatos and the artist
Three contemporary black poets, Airea D. Matthews, Roger Reeves, and Safiya Sinclair, and filmmaker Jamal T. Lewis will consider how "the ecstatic" functions in their artistic work and personal lives, within the context of the contemporary moment, where attention to black political and social life emphasizes death and unjustifiable violence. The program, which will include poetry performances, a brief film screening, and discussion, is organized and moderated by Rickey Laurentiis, the inaugural Fellow in Creative Writing at Center for African American Poetry and Poetics.
The Center of African American Poetry and Poetics is proud to present this program in conjunction with the Devan Shimoyama: Cry, Baby exhibition at The Andy Warhol Museum, curated by Jessica Beck, the Milton Fine curator of art.
Co-Lab with Airea D. Matthews
October 24, 2018 - 6:00pm
Yale Younger Prize-winning poet Airea D. Matthews and Whiting Award winner Safiya Sinclair shares work in progress.
Cathedral of Learning
Black Ecstatic
Poets Airea D. Matthews, Roger Reeves, and Safiya Sinclair and interdisciplinary artist and filmmaker Jamal T. Lewis present their work, followed by a discussion moderated by Rickey Laurentiis.
Frick Fine Arts Auditorium
650 Schenley Drive, Pittsburgh, PA 15260
Jamal T. Lewis (b. 1990) is an interdisciplinary artist and writer living in Bed-Stuy, Brooklyn, hailing from Atlanta, Georgia. Named by Teen Vogue as one of the "coolest queers on the internet," Lewis is also known as 'fatfemme', a moniker that encapsulates life at the intersection of fat and femme identity -- "spaces that people are afraid to occupy," she names. A graduate of Morehouse College and The New School, Lewis produces work around the body, specifically exploring and interrogating identity formation, race, gender, sexuality, desire, beauty, and ugliness. Lewis's work has been featured in the Los Angeles Times, New York Times, TriBeca, & Tate Modern.
Airea D. Matthews is the author of Simulacra, winner of the 2016 Yale Series of Younger Poets. Her work has appeared in American Poet, Best American Poets 2015, Calalloo, Harvard Review, and elsewhere. A past recipient of the Rona Jaffe Foundation Writers' Award and the Louis Untermeyer Scholarship from Bread Loaf Writers' Conference, she is an assistant professor at Bryn Mawr College, where she directs the Creative Writing Program.
Roger Reeves received an M.F.A. in creative writing and a Ph.D. in English from the University of Texas, Austin. His poems have appeared in Poetry, Ploughshares, American Poetry Review, Boston Review, Tin House, Best American Poetry, and the Indiana Review, among other publications, and he was included in Best New Poets 2009. Reeves was awarded a Ruth Lilly Fellowship from the Poetry Foundation in 2008; he is also the recipient of two Bread Loaf Scholarships and a Cave Canem Fellowship. In 2012, Reeves received a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship and a Pushcart Prize for his poem "The Field Museum." He is an Assistant Professor of Poetry at the University of Illinois, Chicago, and a 2014–2015 Hodder Fellow at the Lewis Center for the Arts, Princeton University. King Me (Copper Canyon Press, 2013) is Reeves's first book.
Safiya Sinclair is the author of Cannibal (University of Nebraska Press, 2016), winner of a Whiting Writers' Award, the American Academy of Arts and Letters Addison M. Metcalf Award, the OCM Bocas Prize for Caribbean Poetry, the Phillis Wheatley Book Award, and the Prairie Schooner Book Prize in Poetry. It was selected as one of the American Library Association's "Notable Books of the Year," and was a finalist for the PEN Center USA Literary Award, as well as being longlisted for the PEN Open Book Award and the Dylan Thomas Prize.
Born and raised in Montego Bay, Jamaica, Sinclair's poems are deeply engaged with womanhood, with exile (exile from the homeland, from the prevailing culture, from one's own body), and with reclaiming a place in the world. Discussing her poetry with The Rumpus, Sinclair notes, "I wanted to write poems that reflected the fertile landscape of Jamaica as a mirror to the landscape of the black female body—untamed, "frightening," and unknown, while celebrating the nature of that "savagery" as a vital and beautiful part of Caribbean selfhood."
Sinclair's other honors include a Pushcart Prize, a Ruth Lilly and Dorothy Sargent Rosenberg Fellowship from the Poetry Foundation, fellowships from Yaddo, the Bread Loaf Writers' Conference, and the Fine Arts Work Center in Provincetown. Her poems have appeared in Poetry, Kenyon Review, Granta, The Nation, New England Review, Boston Review, Oxford American, the 2018 Forward Book of Poetry, and elsewhere.
She received her MFA in poetry at the University of Virginia, and is currently a PhD candidate in literature and creative writing at the University of Southern California.
Cannibal by Safiya Sinclair
Call Number: PS3619.I56847 A6 2016
Colliding with and confronting The Tempest and postcolonial identity, the poems in Safiya Sinclair's Cannibal explore Jamaican childhood and history, race relations in America, womanhood, otherness, and exile. She evokes a home no longer accessible and a body at times uninhabitable. Blooming with intense lyricism and fertile imagery, these full-blooded poems are elegant, mythic, and intricately woven. Here the female body is a dark landscape; the female body is cannibal. Sinclair shocks and delights her readers with her willingness to disorient and provoke, creating a multitextured collage of beautiful and explosive poems. Item number: 31735066849690
Simulacra by Airea D. Matthews
Call Number: PS3613.A8445 S56 2017
Winner of the 2016 Yale Series of Younger Poets prize. Matthews's superb collection explores the topic of want and desire with power, insight, and intense emotion. Her poems cross historical boundaries and speak emphatically from a racialized America, where the trajectories of joy and exploitation, striving and thwarting, violence and celebration are constrained by differentials of privilege and contemporary modes of communication. In his foreword, series judge Carl Phillips calls this book "rollicking, destabilizing, at once intellectually sly and piercing and finally poignant." This is poetry that breaks new literary ground, inspiring readers to think differently about what poems can and should do in a new media society where imaginations are laid bare and there is no thought too provocative to send out into the world. Item number: 31735066849658
King Me by Roger Reeves
Call Number: PS3618.E4456 K56 2013
Winner of the Whiting Award. From a horse witnessing the lynching of Emmett Till to Mikhail Bulgakov chronicling the forced famines in Poland in the 1930s, King Me examines the erotics of care and the place of song, elegy, and praise as testaments to those moments. As Roger Reeves said in an interview, "While writing King Me, I became very interested in the mythology of king, the one who is sacrificed at the end of the harvest season. . . . For me, the myth manifests in the killing of young black men, Emmett Till, and in the ways America deems young, black male bodies as expendable--Jean Michel Basquiat, Mike Tyson, Jack Johnson. These are the young kings whom we love to kill--over and over again." Item number: 31735066849682
Roger Reeves, Safiya Sinclair, and Airea D. Matthews in Frick Fine Arts Library
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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2019 4:44 PM
URL: https://pitt.libguides.com/caapp
Subjects: English (Comp Literature & Writing)
Tags: CAAPP, Center for African American Poetry and Poetics, poetics, poetry


text:
Q: Which would compile and/or calculate the first 100 numbers of the fibonacci sequence faster: C or Brainfuck I know very little about what makes a language "fast", but it stands to reason for me that a language designed for extreme minimalism would also be extremely fast, right?
C is far closer to English than BrainFuck, and the compiler size for BrainFuck is remarkably small at 1024 bytes, almost nothing compared to the Tiny C Compiler, which is sized at around 100 KB.
However, all the websites online treat C as the fastest language bar bytecode or assembly.
(Clarity edit to take question off hold)
If I made the same program in C and BrainFuck (which, for example, calculated the first 100 numbers of the fibonacci sequence) , which one will complete the task faster at runtime? Which one would compile faster?

A: Yes and no. There are language features that will make a language slower (in some cases garbage collection, dynamic types only known at runtime, …) and others that will make it more complex but allow the compiler more freedom.
Case in point: the constexpr keyword of C++ is somewhat complex to implement, but allows the programmer to tell the compiler "This function application has to be replaceable by its result". In extreme cases, this allows the compiler to replace costly function calls (e.g. a fast fourier transform) with a constant result without any runtime cost.
Compiled C code is very fast, because it has almost no features that don't map down directly to assembler and it has almost half a century of compiler optimizations.

A: It depends on the ability of the compiler.
A compiler converts a source file into an executable. There are four phases (for a C) program to become an executable:

*

*Pre-processing

*Compilation

*Assembly

*Linking

An abstract syntax tree (AST) is usually created. The AST is often used to generate an intermediate representation (IR), sometimes called an intermediate language, for the code generation.
This intermediate language is actually compiled to machine code and it does not matter, from which high level language (in this sense brainfuck a  high level language) you got this from.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
S. Korea, UAE to expand ties in hydrogen industry, reduce carbon footprint
SEOUL, March 4 (Yonhap) — South Korea said Thursday it has agreed with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) to make joint efforts to venture into sustainable resources, such as hydrogen, in line with their goal to reduce carbon footprint.
Industry Minister Sung Yun-mo held a virtual meeting with his counterpart, Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber, who serves as the technology minister of the UAE, declaring that the two countries will expand ties beyond traditional sectors, such as oil, according to the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy.
"We are actively rolling out Green New Deal projects. As the UAE also has been implementing the Energy Strategy 2050, the two countries can broaden ties in the green energy segment, including hydrogen," Sung said during the meeting.
The Green New Deal is one of four pillars of South Korea's efforts to invest 160 trillion won (US$142 billion) by 2025 under the New Deal drive that will create 1.9 million jobs and kick-start the coronavirus-hit economy.
Trade, Industry and Energy Minister Sung Yun-mo (L) and United Arab Emirates Minister of Industry and Advanced Technology Sultan Ahmed Al Jaber show a memorandum of understanding on cooperation on hydrogen economy and industrial technologies during the Korea-UAE Industry and Energy Cooperation Forum held online on March 4, 2021, in this photo provided by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy. (PHOTO NOT FOR SALE) (Yonhap)
They inked a memorandum of understanding to bolster exchanges in technologies and trades related to hydrogen.
Hydrogen is an environmentally friendly alternative to fossil fuels as automobiles running on the resource only create water in the process of generating power. Hydrogen can be produced as a by-product of industrial facilities, including petrochemical plants as well.
The move comes as South Korea plans to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050.
The UAE, meanwhile, was South Korea's 24th-largest export partner in 2020.
Outbound shipments to the Middle East nation reached $3.6 billion in 2020, up 5.5 percent from a year earlier. South Korea mostly shipped auto parts to the UAE, while importing crude and other petrochemical products.


text:
\section{Applications}
\begin{cor} \label{cor1}
Suppose $X$ has a $\sigma$-$w^*$-LRC and $\sigma$-$w^*$-compact boundary. Then $X$ has a $C^{\infty}$ renorming.
\end{cor}

\begin{proof}
Apply Theorem \ref{main} to $X \otimes_{\varepsilon} \mathbb{R} = X$.
\end{proof}

We can now prove Theorems \ref{h} and \ref{hh} as corollaries of Corollary \ref{cor1}.

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{h}]
Any norm compact subset of $X^*$ is trivially $w^*$-LRC. The result follows from Corollary \ref{cor1}.
\end{proof}

\begin{proof}[Proof of Theorem \ref{hh}]
Let $K = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} D_n$, where each $D_n$ is relatively discrete. Let $\delta_t$ be the usual evaluation functionals, $\delta_t(f) = f(t)$. Then $E_n = \{ \pm \delta_t : t \in D_n \}$ is $w^*$-relatively discrete and so $w^*$-LRC. Moreover, $E = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} E_n$ is a $w^*$-compact boundary of $C(K)$ because given any $f \in C(K)$, there exists $t \in K$ such that $||f||_{\infty} = |f(t)|$, by compactness.
\end{proof}
The corollaries below are new results. Before presenting them, a definition and a theorem appearing in \cite{pieces} are needed.

\begin{definition}[{\cite[Definition 2]{pieces}}]
Let $X$ be a Banach space. We say a set $F \subseteq X^*$ is a \emph{relative boundary} if, whenever $x \in X$ satisfies $\sup \{ f(x) : f \in F \} = 1$, there exists $f \in F$ such that $f(x) = 1$.
\end{definition}

\begin{example} Any boundary and any $w^*$-compact set will be a relative boundary.

\end{example}

\begin{thm}[{\cite[Theorem 4]{pieces}}]\label{c}
Let $X$ be a Banach space and suppose we have sets $S_n \subseteq S_X$ and an increasing sequence $H_n \subseteq B_{X^*}$ of relative boundaries, such that $S_X = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} S_n$ and the numbers
$$b_n = \inf \{ \sup \{h(x): h \in H_n\} : x \in S_n \} $$
are strictly positive and converge to 1. Then for a suitable sequence $(a_n)_{n=0}^{\infty}$ of numbers the set $F = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n (H_n \backslash H_{n-1})$ is a boundary of an equivalent norm.
\end{thm}

Given a Banach space with an unconditional basis $(e_i)_{i \in I}$ and $x = \sum_{i\in I} x_i e_i$, let $e_{i}^*(x) = x_i$. For $\sigma \subseteq I$, let $P_{\sigma}$ denote the projection given by $P_{\sigma} (x) = \sum_{i \in \sigma} e_{i}^{*}(x)e_i.$

\begin{cor} \label{b}
Let $X$ have a monotone unconditional basis $(e_i)_{i\in I}$, with associated projections $P_{\sigma}$, $\sigma \subseteq I$, and suppose we can write
 $S_X = \bigcup_{n=1}^{\infty} S_n$ in such a way that the numbers
   $$c_n = \inf \{ \sup \{ || P_{\sigma} (x) || : \sigma \subseteq I, |\sigma| = n \} : x \in S_n \} $$
are strictly positive and converge to 1. Then $X$ admits an equivalent $C^{\infty}$ smooth norm.
\end{cor}

\begin{proof}
Let $H_n = \{ h \in B_{X^*} :  |\text{supp}(h)| \leq n \} $. Each $H_n$ is a relative boundary because it is $w^*$-compact. Note that given $x \in S_n$ and $\sigma \subseteq I$, with $|\sigma| =n$,
\begin{align*}
  ||P_{\sigma}(x)|| & = \sup \{ f(P_{\sigma}(x)) : f \in B_{X^*} \}\\
  & = \sup \{ P_{\sigma}^* f(x) : f \in B_{X^*} \}.
\end{align*}

Of course, $|\text{supp}(P_{\sigma}^*f)| \leq n$, for all $f \in B_{X^*}$. And by monotonicity, $||P_{\sigma}^*||=1$. So $P_{\sigma}^*(f) \in H_n$. Therefore,
\begin{align*}
  0 < c_n & = \inf \{ \sup \{ || P_{\sigma} (x) || : \sigma \subseteq I, |\sigma| = n \} : x \in S_n \}\\
 & =  \inf \{ \sup \{  P_{\sigma}^* f (x) : f \in B_{X^*}, \sigma \subseteq I, |\sigma| = n\} : x \in S_n \}\\
 & = \inf \{ \sup \{ h(x) : h \in H_n \} : x \in S_n \} = b_n.
\end{align*}
Thus, $(b_n)$ is a strictly positive sequence converging to 1.
The set $H_n \backslash H_{n-1}$ is $w^*$-LRC, by Example \ref{eg1}, (\ref{eg1-2}).

By Theorem \ref{c}, there exists a sequence $(a_n)_{n=0}^{\infty}$, where the set $F = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} a_n (H_n \backslash H_{n-1})$ is a $\sigma$-$w^*$-LRC and $\sigma$-$w^*$-compact boundary for an equivalent norm $|||\cdot|||$. By Corollary \ref{cor1}, $X$ will admit an equivalent $C^{\infty}$-smooth that $\varepsilon$-approximates $|||\cdot|||$.
\end{proof}

\begin{cor}\label{cor14}
Let $X$ be a Banach space with a monotone unconditional basis $(e_i)_{i \in I}$ and suppose for each $x \in S_X$ there exists $  \sigma \subset I, |\sigma| < \infty$, so that $||P_{\sigma} (x)|| = 1$. Then $X$ admits an equivalent $C^{\infty}$-smooth norm that $\varepsilon$-approximates the original norm.
\end{cor}

\begin{proof}
Let $H_n = \{ h \in B_{X^*} :  |\text{supp}(h)| \leq n \} $. As mentioned in the proof of Corollary \ref{b}, each $H_n$ is $w^*$-compact and the finite union of $w^*$-LRC sets. Now take $x \in S_X$ and $\sigma$ such that $||P_{\sigma}(x)|| = 1$. Then there is $f \in B_{X^*}$ such that $$1 = ||P_{\sigma}(x)|| = f(P_{\sigma}(x)) = P_{\sigma}^* f(x).$$ Because $(e_i)_{i \in I}$ is monotone, $||P_{\sigma}^*|| = 1$ and so $P_{\sigma}^* f \in H_{|\sigma|}$. Therefore, the set $H = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} H_n$ is a boundary satisfying the hypothesis of Corollary \ref{cor1}.
\end{proof}

Using Corollary \ref{b} we can obtain new examples of spaces with equivalent $C^{\infty}$ smooth renormings.

\begin{example}
Let $\mathbb{N} = \bigcup_{n=0}^{\infty} A_n$, where each $A_n$ is finite, and let $p = (p_n)$ be an unbounded increasing sequence of real numbers with $p_n \geq 1$.
For each sequence of real numbers $x = (x_n)$ define
$$\Phi(x) = \sup \left\{ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty} \sum_{k \in B_n} |x(k)|^{p_n} : B_n \subset A_n \text{ and } B_n \text{ are pairwise disjoint.} \right\}$$
\end{example}

\begin{proof}
We define $\ell_{A,p}$ as the space of sequences $x$ where $\Phi(x/\lambda) < \infty$ for some $\lambda > 0$, with norm $||x|| = \inf \{ \lambda > 0 : \Phi(x/\lambda) \leq 1 \}.$
Define the subspace $h_{A,p}$ as the norm closure of the linear space generated by the basis $e_n(k) = \delta_{n,k}$. \cite[Example 16]{pieces} provides an appropriate sequence of subsets $(S_n)$ of $S_X$ so that Corollary \ref{b} holds.
\end{proof}

\begin{example}
Let $M$ be an Orlicz function with
$$ M(t) > 0 \text{ for all  } t > 0, \text{ and } \lim_{t \rightarrow 0} \frac{M(K(t)}{M(t)} = + \infty,$$
for some constant $K > 0$. Let $h_M(\Gamma)$ be the space of all real functions $x$ defined on $\Gamma$ with $\sum_{\gamma \in \Gamma} M (x_{\gamma} / \rho ) < \infty$ for all $\rho > 0$, with the norm
$$ ||x|| = \inf \left \{ \rho > 0 : \sum_{\gamma \in \Gamma} M \left( \frac{x_{\gamma}}{\rho} \right) \leq 1 \right \}.$$
\end{example}

\begin{proof}
The canonical unit vector basis $(e_{\gamma})_{\gamma \in \Gamma}$ of functions $e_{\gamma} (\beta) = \delta_{\gamma, \beta}$ is unconditionally monotone. \cite[Example 18]{pieces} provides suitable subsets of $S_X$ to ensure the hypothesis of Corollary \ref{b} holds.
\end{proof}

The final example concerns the predual of a Lorentz sequence space $d(w, 1, A)$, for an arbitrary set $A$.

Let $w = (w_n) \in c_0 \backslash \ell_1$ with each $w_n$ strictly positive and $w_0 = 1$. We define $d(w, 1, A)$ as the space of $x: A \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ for which
$$||x|| = \sup \left \{ \sum_{j=0}^{\infty} w_j |x(a_j)| :  (a_j)  \subseteq A  \text{ is a sequence of distinct points }\right \} < \infty. $$ The canonical predual $d_*(w, 1, A)$ of $d(w, 1, A)$ is given by the space of $y: A \longrightarrow \mathbb{R}$ for which $\overline{y} = (\overline{y}_k) \in c_0$, where
$$\overline{y}_k = \sup \left \{ \frac{\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} |y(a_i)|}{\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} w_i} : a_0, a_1, \dots, a_{k-1} \text{ are distinct points of } A \right \}, $$
with norm $||y|| = ||\overline{y}||_{\infty}$. We can see that $(e_a)_{a \in A}$ is a monotone unconditional basis for both $d(w, 1, A)$ and $d_*(w, 1, A)$. The separable version of $d_*(w, 1, A)$ was first introduced in \cite{s}.

\begin{example} \label{lor}
$X = d_*(w,1,A)$ has a $C^{\infty}$ smooth equivalent renorming that $\varepsilon$-approximates the original norm.
\end{example}

\begin{proof}
Let $y \in S_X$. Since $\overline{y} \in c_0$, there exists $k \in \mathbb{N}$ such that $\overline{y}^k = 1.$ It can also be shown $y \in c_0(A)$ and thus the supremum in the definition of $\overline{y}^k$ is attained. Following this, there exists $a_0, a_1, \dots , a_{k-1} \in A$ such that $$1 = \overline{y}^k = \frac{\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} |y(a_i)|}{\sum_{i=0}^{k-1} w_i}.$$ Setting $\sigma = \{a_0, a_1, ... , a_{k-1}\}$, we have $||P_{\sigma}(y)|| =1$. By Corollary \ref{cor14}, $X$ has a $C^{\infty}$ smooth equivalent renorming that $\varepsilon$-approximates the original norm.

\end{proof}

\begin{remark}
The space $X = d_*(w,1,A)$ for $A$ uncountable is a new example of a space with a $C^{\infty}$ smooth renorming. It is not yet known if $X$ has an analytic renorming.
\end{remark}

\begin{remark} In Theorem \ref{main} and Corollary \ref{cor1} we cannot drop the $\sigma$-$w^*$-compactness condition in general, and expect an equivalent norm of any order of smoothness that depends locally on finitely many coordinates. In \cite{fhz}, $C_0(\omega_1)$ is shown to have no such norm. On the other hand, $C_0(\omega_1)$ admits an equivalent norm supporting a boundary that is $w^*$-discrete (this follows from \cite[Theorem 10]{fpst}).
\end{remark}

\section{Acknowledgements} The author would like to thank R. J. Smith for discussion and suggestions throughout the writing of this paper and S. Troyanski for further remarks, in particular bringing his attention to Example \ref{lor}.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


The next release on Hairy Hands' label Phone Home Records comes in the form of debut EP "Smitten" by producer and multimedia artist Morgan Hislop, landing 11st December.
The London-based producer makes a vibrant splash with a six track release, a collage of found material and thick synth textures, flashes of colour and a curiosity for variety, also featuring Ducky and Hairy Hands himself.
Check out "A Heat That Melts The Thoughts In Your Head" featuring Ducky on Noisey here.


text:
L'ATIS (de l'anglais Automatic Terminal Information Service) est un service automatique de diffusion. Il permet aux pilotes de recevoir en continu des informations sur les aéroports les plus fréquentés.

Principe

Les messages ATIS contiennent les informations essentielles, comme les données météorologiques, la ou les pistes en service, l'approche disponible et toute information nécessaire aux pilotes. Les pilotes écoutent généralement l'ATIS avant de contacter le contrôle, ce qui réduit la charge de travail des contrôleurs et diminue la durée d'occupation de la fréquence.

L'enregistrement est généralement effectué toutes les demi-heures et doit être mis à jour lors de chaque changement significatif de contenu, par exemple lors d'un changement de piste en service. Chaque enregistrement est identifié par une lettre utilisant l'alphabet radio (par exemple : Mike). On passe à la lettre suivante dans l'alphabet à chaque nouvel enregistrement, en commençant par Alpha au début de la journée. Au premier contact avec la tour ou le sol, le pilote indique qu'il a reçu l'information émise par l'ATIS, en précisant la lettre d'identification, ce qui permet au contrôleur de savoir si le pilote possède l'information la plus à jour.

Les bulletins ATIS sont émis en phonie, dans la bande aéronautique. Ils peuvent être également diffusés par un répondeur téléphonique. Chaque aéroport important dispose, en plus de fréquences pour la tour et l'approche, d'une fréquence d'ATIS. Les messages peuvent être enregistrés par une personne ou être produits par synthèse vocale. La diffusion est effectuée en français et en anglais (éventuellement sur des fréquences séparées).

Exemple de message

D-ATIS

Certains grands aéroports ont maintenant recours à l'ATIS par liaison de données ou D-ATIS (Data link-ATIS). Un message D-ATIS reprend les informations diffusées en phonie (uniquement en anglais). Le moyen utilisé pour les transmissions D-ATIS est le protocole de communication air-sol ACARS. Un message unique peut être transmis à l'aéronef ayant émis une demande, mais un abonnement d'une durée maximum de deux heures est possible ; dans ce cas, un nouveau message est envoyé à chaque mise à jour.

Notes et références

Voir aussi
 METAR
 VOLMET
 Alphabet radio
 Langage (aéronautique)
 Espace aérien

Liens externes
 Fréquence: ATIS et VOLMET
 Guide de Radiotéléphonie aéronautique

Météorologie aéronautique
Communications aéronautiques
Technique en météorologie

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Why Should You Practice Yoga Barefoot?
Has this ever happened to you that you enter your yoga class with total enthusiasm having all your yoga gear in place and feeling proud to begin a new fitness routine, then suddenly the yoga instructor asks you to remove your new exercising shoes, because hey! It's yoga and not your regular exercise or aerobics.
Has it ever crossed your mind why the instructor asked you to remove your socks and shoes at the first place before you enter the yoga session class? Well, historically speaking, Yogis have always performed yoga barefoot, and this might have come from there. But, the studies have shown that performing yoga asana barefoot has its share of benefits that bring enlightenment to your yoga session.
Performing yoga poses barefoot gives you an opportunity to give some stretch to your feet that help in further strengthening them. The shoes we wear all day make the small muscles in our feet inactive, but an hour long session of barefoot yoga brings some activity even to the tiniest muscle in your foot. This makes your feet healthier and stronger.
Maintaining balance while doing yoga is necessary. Thus it is important that your feet should touch the ground. For doing yoga asana, it is important to have a solid foundation, and in this case, your feet are your foundation. It is easier to balance your body when you are on your foot as compared to when you are wearing footwear. Also, while performing some yoga asanas, you need to get hold of your toe, which is not possible with your shoes on.
Practicing yoga barefoot gives the much-needed massage to your feet. The moment your feet touches the ground the nerves in your feet start feeling stimulation. Then the nerve ending of your foot sends signals to the brain that helps your body figure out the perfect position and balance for a specific yoga asana.
Yoga is essential to bring unity between the mind, body, and soul so that you feel connected to the earth and the universe. When you perform yoga barefoot, your mind establishes a direct connection with the earth. It has been said that people who stay barefoot are more vibrant and energized as they soak up energy coming from the earth. This is also one of the reasons why it is essential to remain barefoot while performing yoga.
Barefoot yoga also has an overall impact on your health and well-being. It helps in curing insomnia and brings relief from headaches. The barefoot yoga is known to boost one's metabolism and also strengthens the immune system. Women who are suffering from PMS and another kind of menstrual problems also experience relief after performing barefoot yoga.
The connection that you establish with during barefoot yoga brings calmness to the body, which is further related to keeping the body energized and in the best possible physical and mental state.


text:
Cargo inspections at international bridges to be expedited
Mitchell Ferman
A vehicle crosses the Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge as tractor trailers and other vehicles wait to enter the United States on Friday, March 30, 2018, in Pharr.
Just a week before the announcement, a thread at a statewide hearing in Weslaco was wait times at international ports of entry in Texas.
State representatives on March 20 questioned what has been a common conversation in the trade community over the past year, and an especially local one down the road at the Pharr-Reynosa International Bridge: Why aren't unified inspections being implemented?
Last week, Homeland Security Secretary Kirstjen Nielsen, alongside Mexican Foreign Minister Luis Videgaray, announced in Mexico City three accords — one of which echoed the demands of the Texas trade community.
Unified cargo processing — a concept that would house customs officials from both the U.S. and Mexico under one roof to conduct cargo inspections simultaneously — would be implemented.
The practice has been implemented at the Nogales port in Arizona, according to Pharr Bridge Director Luis Bazan. It has also been attempted at the Rio Grande City-Camargo International Bridge.
But this announcement will hopefully enhance the busiest cargo ports, such as Pharr, Bazan said.
"To us, this is a winner because our northbound truck traffic is booming and we're really trying to reduce wait times," he said.
Others agreed.
"These sorts of initiatives are overdue and have long been needed at our bridge crossings," said former U.S. Ambassador to Mexico, Tony Garza.
Texas International Produce Association President Dante Galeazzi said these unified inspections increase efficiencies.
"The most efficient way would be for a truck to pull up to one spot and have all parties inspect right there," Galeazzi said. "That translates into cost savings because drivers are driving less hours because of shorter wait times. They get to their destinations quicker and there's a decrease in fuel costs."
There's also loads of paperwork that could potentially decrease, Galeazzi said.
"When a truck leaves a country and enters another, there's not uniform paperwork," he said. "There's a set of paperwork that has to be reviewed in Mexico, then another set of paperwork that has to be reviewed in the U.S. If there's one form or one set of forms, that could further increase efficiencies."
Once the program is implemented, Mexican customs officials will work on the U.S. side of the bridge, Bazan said. But the only trucks eligible for this program will have to be certified under the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism program.
C-TPAT is a supply chain security program led by Customs and Border Protection. The process for businesses to become certified includes an application, security profile and vetting process. Once accepted, members must be validated within one year of being certified. Every four years, members must be revalidated.
"About 30 to 35 percent of companies crossing our bridge are C-TPAT certified," Bazan said. "So with unified inspection, we can maximize our capacity and wouldn't have as many trucks on the bridge because we'd keep them moving a steady pace."
While the unified inspection announcement was received positively by many in the trade community, questions still remain.
CBP did not provide answers to questions regarding the implementation process, and local officials are not sure how and when it will actually take place.
"Mexico is ready to roll; us at the bridge are ready to provide all the support CBP needs," Bazan said. "It would be great if we could just have it already and get trucks off the bridge."
Mitchell Ferman covers the city of McAllen and cross-border trade and politics for The Monitor. He can be reached at mferman@themonitor.com or (956) 683-4474.


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Q: iOS UITabViewItem divider & background color for selected TabItem How do you display a background color for the selected tab view? I know that you can tint it when it's selected, however, I don't think this is of much use if you can not change the background color.
Also, how do you add a divider for each tab?
Thanks in advance

A: Set an image as the background for the selection:
tabBarController.tabBar.selectionIndicatorImage = [UIImage imageNamed:@"image.png"];

As for the dividers, prior to iOS 7 you could simulate them by adding an image for the selected state and another for the unselected state for each tab. See more here. Those methods were deprecated in iOS 7, though.


Long-term engagement in volunteer or community service work is an important component of every pre-professional health student's academic career. This engagement demonstrates to the professional schools that a student is truly committed to a life and career of serving others. Students are encouraged to get involved in activities that they are passionate about, that connect to their personal hobbies and interests, and/or that relate to their chosen health field. Students should strive to incorporate service, teamwork, and leadership in the volunteer work that they engage in. Below are links to community service opportunities and resources at EKU.
See the attached list below of local non-profit organizations that EKU pre-professional health students frequently volunteer with. Items marked with an "*" denote opportunities that may qualify as shadowing and/or clinical experience. Students should become familiar with the AAMC's "Guidelines for Pre-Medical and Medical Students Providing Patient Care During Clinical Experiences Abroad" when engaging in clincial volunteer experiences.


The Parenthèse Vigneronne winegrowers are deeply attached to the history, culture and traditions of the Alsace vineyards; their roots go way back through their family connections, from generation to generation. Day by day, working with a deep commitment, they strive to achieve a fine balance between ancient and modern, welcoming visitors to their wineries with the warmth and friendliness that characterises the people of Alsace. Of course, winemaking is not just a man's world: many talented women winegrowers also work in the Kaysersberg Valley, creating outstanding Grands Crus wines.


Regan, D. H., House is located in Victoria County, Texas certified as a historic location on Tuesday December 09, 1986. This location is a protected historic place because of historical significance relating to Domestic, more specifically a Single Dwelling. Regan, D. H., House was nominated by as a historic location by State Government based on Architecture/Engineering and its significance in Architecture.


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iPhone 7: How Samsung Plans To Show Up Its Apple-Made Competitor
Kevin Carneglia
The latest iPhones and Galaxy smartphones have been able to do some pretty interesting things. The iPhone, for instance, can catalog a user's health and fitness statistics and send them back to a database to aid in medical research. There have even been rumors that the iPhone's later models may one day be able to project and use a holographic keyboard as if it were sitting right in front of you. For its part, the Samsung Galaxy S6 Edge can show notifications on the side of its screen and charge wirelessly.
Now that phone enthusiasts have gotten a look at the concept for the iPhone 7, one has to wonder what will be next for iPhone's competitor Samsung. Enter the foldable display. According to Forbes, Samsung Display's Lee Chang-Hoon hinted last November that Samsung might be interested in a foldable phone, something the iPhone has not offered up until this point.
"We will secure production capacity of 30,000 to 40,000 [flexible displays each month] by the end of next year…we plan to provide consumers with a product that has a flexible display by the end of the year. However, nothing has been decided on the finished product."
At the moment, the closest the iPhone has come to a foldable display was actually an accident. Apple created its iPhone 6 out of aluminum, which would cause the iPhone to bend if pushed on too hard by its users. What Samsung may be working on is more intentional, offering users the ability to open and close their phone from left to right as if it were a book. Ironically enough, the new concept evokes thoughts of pre-smartphone days when flip phones were all the rage, so Samsung is sort of going forward by going backwards.
Additionally, the Week speculated that iPhone 7 may have a new feature dubbed Force Touch. While it may sound like a skill Yoda would teach Obi-Wan, Force Touch has nothing to do with Star Wars and actually means the iPhone will be able to feel how hard a user presses on it. The iPhone can then respond with different actions for different uses of pressure. This may help the iPhone differentiate between, say, pressing the home button or using the fingerprint ID sensor (also located on the home button in older iPhones).
Donald Trump's Presidency Was A 'Failed Experiment,' Former Homeland Security Official Says


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Q: Selenium 2 Test "_blank" Window i'm runnin a hedless selenium (PHPUnit) Test on my VM this way:
Xvfb :99 -ac &>/dev/null & DISPLAY=:99 java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.33.0.jar -browserSideLog -firefoxProfileTemplate "/root/.mozilla/firefox/i5a8df1g.default"

And it works fine. Now i try to test a form which opens a new window when it is submitted, running the Test in Selenium IDE works fine. A new Window opens and a can access to it.

submit
//form[@action='/?ac=user&ac2=cb']

storeEval
selenium.getAllWindowNames()[1];
windowName

selectWindow
${windowName}

when i use the getAllWindowNames() function in IDE i allway get something like "_blank123456" back in the windowName variable so i can access to it using selelctWindow(${windowName}) function
when i Export it to PHPUnit i get this code:
$this->submit("//form[@action='/?ac=user&ac2=cb']");
$windowName = $this->getEval("selenium.getAllWindowNames()[1];");
$this->selectWindow($windowName);

In PHPUnit this function allways returns "null" so it seems that there is no new window.
When i use PHPUnit function $this->getAllWindowNames(); directly i get back an array with 1 entry (name of the main window)
 i allready disabled the FF popup blocker but without any effect. When i ran the test in on the vm in a xwindow then it worked too. But runningi it headless always fails.
Any suggestions to make it work headless?
Sincerely.
Many thanks.


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text:
Globba praecox är en enhjärtbladig växtart som beskrevs av K.J.Williams och Paisooks. Globba praecox ingår i släktet Globba och familjen Zingiberaceae. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som sårbar.

Artens utbredningsområde är Thailand. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Enhjärtbladiga blomväxter
praecox


text:
Americans Abroad
Franch signs with Norwegian club Avaldsnes IL
American goalkeeper Adrianna Franch signed with Norwegian Toppserien club Avaldsnes IL, officially leaving the Western New York Flash. The Flash will retain Franch's NWSL rights through August 30.
Franch missed all of 2014 after tearing the ACL in her right knee during the first week of preseason with the Flash.
Western New York drafted Franch No. 6 overall in the 2013 NWSL College Draft. Franch started every game for the Flash in their run to the inaugural league final, compiling a 10-4-8 record and giving up less than a goal per game.
Franch and the Flash could not agree to terms on a new contract this offseason, prompting the goalkeeper to make the move. In anticipation of possibly losing Franch, the Flash traded for goalkeeper Chantel Jones and drafted goalkeeper Sabrina D'Angelo out of South Carolina in the 2015 draft.
Avaldsnes IL is the same club that last week signed former Florida State standout Casey Short. Short was selected by the Boston Breakers as the No. 5 overall pick in the 2013 draft, but a knee injury (ACL) during an Under-23 U.S. Women's National Team match kept her out of the inaugural NWSL season.
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EFF has been closely following FBI's work to build out its Next Generation Identification (NGI) biometrics database. NGI expands the FBI's IAFIS criminal and civil fingerprint database to include multimodal biometric identifiers such as iris scans, palm prints, face-recognition-ready photos, and voice data, and makes that data available to other agencies at the state and federal levels. As part of our focus on NGI, we've sent out Freedom of Information Act and Public Records Act requests to the FBI and several state agencies for information on how NGI works and how the states share data with NGI. We've also blogged and testified on facial recognition before the Senate Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology and the Law. Those records, the testimony, and the blog posts are linked below. We'll report on and post new records here as we receive them.