The more people I fish with and the more people I talk to I realize this is an epidemic in the fly fishing community. We don't know our flies any better than we know our insects and that gets problematic for several reasons I wont' even go into. The more important reason it matters is that if you're the guy in the story above and think the caddis pattern you're throwing is a baetis pattern instead, then next time a buddy tells you to go up and fish baetis on the river cause the hatch is on, you're going to be screwed throwing a caddis at them all day when an olive mayfly is what they are eating. If we can't communicate to one another on fly patterns, then we miss out on the ability to collaborate and all catch more fish, most importantly, you won't catch as many fish.
The guy in the story above isn't an idiot, he's just mis informed and lacks a few key pieces of knowledge that will forever shift the way he views fly patterns. It will help him better communicate and understand from other anglers, the flies that are working. This will lead him and others to more fish on the river and a better adventure every time they are out on the water. It is going to take time to understand all the fly names and this article couldn't possibly cover all of that but we are going to teach you how look at any fly pattern and understand the category of fly it is and what insect it likely imitates if any.
That's what we're here to teach you today. If you can understand the four fly categories that exist and their differences we can look at any fly and make a reasonable assumption as to what it imitates.
This is going to sound like a shameless plug for my entomology course, but it is critical you know your insects. Here's an example. If you are fishing a search pattern, let's say a BH Hares Ear and you're noticing that the fish are eating at the end of a drift as your fly begins to rise. Then you also see small insects coming off the water with sailboat like wings. To an angler that doesn't know his insects, this information tells him to keep throwing the pattern he has on in hopes he'll catch more fish. The the angler with entomology knowledge, he knows that those two bits of knowledge means there is a mayfly emergence/hatch happening and with a little further research into the adult insects or a bug seine, you can identify the color and size of the mayfly and then change your fly pattern to an emerger stage of that insect and present the same drift, yielding even more fish.
As you can see, the knowledge of what insects are present in the water, their current stage that trout are feeding on, and the ability to match them to a fly in your box is what separates the boys from the men in terms of more fish caught. If you don't know a caddis from a mayfly, this article is only half as useful as the angler who knows those insects and needs to connect the knowledge of insects on water to flies in box with better accuracy.
Let's dive into these four categories now and better understand them so we can catch more fish by identifying any fly pattern and what it imitates.
A search pattern is a fly pattern that imitates as many bugs as possible in hopes that it can be used anywhere, anytime to find where fish are feeding.
Search patterns are used to find fish and their feeding behavior so you can then narrow down your fly selection and get deadly accurate and catch more fish. They are the tool of any good angler when he first gets on the water and has no idea what's going on. Using a search pattern is like using a gatling gun instead of a sniper rifle, you'll find fish with this fly, it will just often take a few more casts than with a more imitative pattern.
As you begin to catch fish with this pattern, you'll notice you'll find fish in holes or runs or riffles. Perhaps you find fish eat the fly at the end of your drift as your fly skates to the surface. Whatever the case, once you catch a couple fish, you'll often start to find a pattern to the fish location or feeding behavior giving you better clues on what they are feeding on more directly. Then with that knowledge you can refine your pattern selection to something more imitative and hopefully catch more fish.
Typically, search patterns will be neutral colored, often tan, grey or something that doesn't force the pattern out of imitating something in the river.
In addition, search patterns will be ambiguously tied with a lot of materials that neutralize the profile of the insect. Using messy materials like hares ear dubbing, or techniques like touch dubbing a fly pattern often creates a messy look that allows the insect to imitate a variety of insects in the water.
The famous hares ear is likely the most popular search pattern in most of our boxes. Notice how the body is tied with errant hair coming out from all directions and the overall profile and taper of the pattern is even from back to front? This allows the pattern to imitate stoneflies, mayflies, caddis and more. Fish see this pattern and if it's close to what they see and are eating in the water, they are all over it.
Here is another example of a neverbug that imitates an emerging caddis or mayfly as well as a caddis or stonefly nymph. Touch dubbing was used to create the head of the fly and enhance the overall "bugyness" of the fly allowing it to imitate everything and nothing all at the same time.
An attractor pattern imitates nothing and attracts everything in hopes of helping fish see and become motivated to eat.
Similar to a search pattern in purpose but different in approach. The purpose is to find fish when you can't find them using more natural patterns or to persuade fish to eat when they refuse more imitative patterns. A search pattern still has the approach of imitating something natural in the water, while an attractor patterns says screw it, let's just get their attention. They may be as classy as an extremely low cut shirt on a woman, but they get attention. I've had days on the water where I can't figure out what fish are eating and after trying several imitative patterns, decide to throw imitation out the window and fish something that gets attention. Usually fish are being opportunistic when feeding on an attractor pattern.
Attractor patterns are either brightly colored or contain flashy materials in excess. Musky and pike flies are all about attracting the fish, not convincing it that it is an exact imitation of a baitfish. Brightly colored wire or thread is often the majority of the fly and any flashabou, tinsel, or flash materials are all over the fly.
The best example I always give is a rainbow warrior. Aside from the pheasant tail, this pattern is bright red thread, tinsel wrapped and rainbow dubbing. It's a monster for purists and one of my favorite flies. Yes it can imitate a midge or mayfly nymph that's emerging, but most of the time it's just a flashy bug that gets the proper attention of the trout we're after.
Here is a good example of something we haven't brought up yet, a hybrid imitative and attractor pattern. You'll see a lot of "hot spots" on flies these days. The idea behind them is to create an imitative insect and then add something attractive that sets it out from the group touching on both schools of thought that a fly can be accurate to the insect and stand out, creating the extra attention necessary to catch trout in pressured or food rich waters. This is a proven and very useful technique.
As you can see you can mix and match fly categories, but understanding what parts are mixed helps you understand what the fly is doing for you in the water and when to use that fly.
Impressionistic patterns imitate a couple of insects or stages at a time with good accuracy without sacrificing versatility.
These are similar to search patterns, except they are meant to imitate a narrower set of insects. These flies definately look like something, but they don't just imitate one bug in one stage, they imitate a few at a time that are similar and could overlap. The purpose of this is when you want to throw something more defined than a search pattern because you have some idea of what's in the river and moving, but not enough to narrow it down exactly. It could also be that multiple insects are active and this does a sufficient job of imitating both increasing chances of catching fish.
This is personally my favorite of the four options and where most of my patterns in my box reside. For example, a green drake nymph, free-form caddis nymph, and brown stonefly nymph could all be imitated by a impressionistic pattern. A pheasant tail imitates those three well enough to fool a fish that takes less time to decide. These fly types have the most use when fishing faster moving water where fish only have a few seconds at best to eat or refuse the fly. Given enough time, the fish may catch on, but if you can restrict that time a minimum, they often can't resist to at least try the fly. Combining a "hot spot" when tying these flies can make for a deadly combination or attractor methodology and impressionism to fool trout and gain attention.
Impressionistic fly patterns will often be naturally colored to known insects in the river system and have fairly defined profiles. They often imitate a single insect and stage best and then can "pass" for a few other similar insects and stages allowing a wider range of possibilities for the trout to try a bite. The profile is likely the most important part of the impressionistic fly as color may vary or be more neutral. See the examples below to further understand the concept.
Though this CDC caddis emerger is best made to imitate an emerging caddis, it can also easily pass for an emerging mayfly that meets the size and color criteria. I fish this pattern during a green drake hatch and do well and can also fish this during a caddis hatch and do well. When both are happening or are present in the water system, the opportunities can stack, allowing you to catch the most fish possible with a single pattern and freeing up your other fly you can throw on your line. An olive parachute adams and this trailed behind is a deadly combination to cover both stages of a caddis and green drake hatch for example.
Here is a rubberleg copper john tied on a jig-style hook that will do a fine job imitating smaller salmonfly nymphs, golden stone nymphs and several different mayfly nymph species, primarily the green drake nymph. When tied in the right sizes, this fly becomes a variety of imitations all at once and maximizes the chances of catching fish.
Imitative patterns are meant to imitate a real insect as close as possible and with precision.
Imitative patterns are what we all probably think of when we think of fishing flies. I think that is where we get most confused as anglers too because we try to say that a search pattern imitates a certain insect, but ultimately it doesn't and that was never the purpose. That is the exact purpose of an imitative insect. It can imitate one or more insect, but it does it very accurately and with precision. A size 16 baetis and a size 16 green drake nymph don't look exactly the same, but an imitative pattern like an olive pheasant tail can imitate both of those accurately enough for even the pickiest trout. Most times however, imitative insects only imitate a single stage and species/order of insect. This is great when you have it narrowed down, but problematic if you are wrong. I mentioned the analogy of the sniper rifle vs the gatling gun. An imitative pattern is a sniper rifle and if you're aim is off, you're going to miss out on a lot of fish. Conversly, if you're aim is good and you have a good bead on the flies the trout are eating, you can usually outfish anyone.
Imitative patterns are accurately tied to mimic real insects. This doesn't mean they have to use Json materials and realistic materials, but it means the insect profile, size and color all match the targeted insect with as much precision as possible. Black Beauties, Mercury Midges, Mercury Baetis, Baetis Students, Hemmingway Caddis and Charlie Boy Hoppers are all just a few examples of imitative flies used to mimic a single species or category of insect and a single stage. For an angler who knows his entomology, these flies are easy to identify.
This black beauty imitates a midge larva with accuracy and precision. small, segmented body with a dubbed head looks very similar to a real black midge larva/nymph. Notice there isn't much flash or hot spot or odd materials that look unnatural? Though some flies can include that as part of the natural look, most imitative patterns will seem very plain in comparison to the flashier patterns.
Here is a Thorax PMD that looks very close to an adult pale morning dun mayfly. It won't pass as a green drake or a baetis or any other similar mayfly. But it is deadly accurate to a PMD adult mayfly.
For those who haven't taken our entomology course, here is another great resource to use that will help you know what insects you should be able to identify so that you can know the what a fly pattern imitates. Without this knowledge it is tough to identify what a fly pattern imitates regardless of the fly pattern type.
Congrats, you've now learned in great detail the four types of flies that fly fishermen create. Understanding these four types, in addition to basic entomology knowledge, you'll be able to identify what any pattern imitates. As you can see from above, the lines are not clean between the four categories and you can certainly blend pattern types together. You can have a search pattern that is also fairly impressionistic or have an imitative pattern with a hot spot making it part attractor part imitative.
If you still find you are having trouble understanding what stages and insects a pattern can imitate even after identifying the pattern type, you're probably not understanding insects to begin with. My recommendation would be to learn your bugs and typical hatches in your area so you can understand what a fly imitates. Below is a link to purchase our entomology course which covers all the insects and stages that trout eat. It's an excellent resource to take your fly fishing and fly selection to the next level.
If You're Already on Our Fly Selection Series Emails….


Gathering the funds needed for your film can be a tricky subject. With such a variety of advice and options available, it can be easy to become overwhelmed. When it comes to funding (and filmmaking in general), the key is to think methodically. Make lists, write down contacts, and work in a structured and step-by-step way. In no time at all, you will feel more in control and have a better understanding of funding for filmmakers.
If you are about to seek funding for your film at any stage in production, first read the tips below.
Before even beginning, it can be helpful to ensure that your budget is as low as it can be. There is some great advice on low budget filmmaking (both online and in print) and ways to keep your costs down. From borrowing items from other filmmakers, to finding actors who will work for free, there are lots of ways in which you can reduce your expenses. By keeping the overall costs low, you are more likely to raise the sum needed.
Many filmmaking competitions now have a cash prize or even a production deal. If you're fortunate enough to already have a short film or a simple showreel, it can be your key to gaining investors for your next film. Competitions that offer funding for a short film or a feature film may only need to see a few seconds of showreel to be able to tell if you have talent. If you are a script writer too, don't hesitate to enter your script for consideration and to generate some interest.
Arts Councils can be a particularly good source of funding and support. Be aware that the application process can be protracted so leave yourself plenty of time before any deadlines. It may be necessary to include a synopsis, script sample, budget, shooting schedule and more. This may sound like a heavy workload, but don't be discouraged. This package of materials will serve you well throughout the whole filmmaking process.
Production equipment including lighting, cameras, sound equipment and software can all be pricey. But you don't have to buy them outright. Some filmmakers have even struck up a deal with local camera stores to borrow cameras if they advertise the store throughout shooting. This can be on social media, such as with a "special thanks to" message. It can even be at the start or end of the credits or on the t-shirts that the crew wear! Get creative and see if you can strike up a deal with any local businesses.


text:
Królewo () – wieś w Polsce położona w województwie pomorskim, w powiecie malborskim, w gminie Stare Pole na obszarze Żuław Elbląskich przy trasie linii kolejowej Malbork-Elbląg i przy drodze krajowej 22.

Wieś królewska położona była w II połowie XVI wieku w województwie malborskim. W latach 1954–1959 wieś należała i była siedzibą władz gromady Królewo, po jej zniesieniu w gromadzie Stare Pole. W latach 1975–1998 miejscowość administracyjnie należała do województwa elbląskiego.

Wieś Królewo (dawniej Königsdorf) została założona przed 1340 rokiem na cześć wielkiego mistrza Ludwika Königa i nazwana jego imieniem.

Zabytki

Kościół pw. św. Mikołaja

Pierwszy kościół w tym miejscu został wzniesiony w XIV wieku, następnie rozebrano go i wzniesiono nowy kościół w II połowie XV wieku. XV-wieczny kościół rozebrano w 1816 ze względu na zły stan techniczny. Obecny kościół zbudowano w latach 1820-21 w stylu neogotyckim. W 1839 dobudowano wieżę, ale rozebrano ją 5 lat później. Budynek jest ceglany, na planie prostokątnym. Wraz z cmentarzem przykościelnym wpisany do rejestru zabytków, nr rej.: A-1457 z 27.05.1994. Mur otaczający kościół i cmentarz pochodzi z początku XX wieku.

Obecna wieża kościelna została zbudowana w 1844 roku. Ze względu na ok. 60-centymetrowe zakrzywienie bywa nazywana krzywą wieżą i stanowi znany element krajobrazu wsi. Wieża jest ceglana, czterokondygnacyjna, z dachem pokrytym blachą.

Najstarsza w Polsce topola biała
Datowana na ok. 1770-1790 r. topola biała rośnie na posesji przy skraju parku graniczącego z plebanią Kościoła Rzymskokatolickiego pw. św. Mikołaja. Mierzy w obwodzie pnia 920 cm i ponad 35 metrów wysokości (dane na 2020 r.). Jest jednocześnie najgrubszą i najstarszą znaną topolą w Polsce. Status pomnika przyrody posiada od 1988 roku.

Zobacz też: Topola Królewiecka

Inne zabytki
 kapliczka przydrożna z XVI wieku, wpisana do rejestru zabytków, nr rej.: A-837 z 24.04.1975.
 budynek plebanii, wzniesiony ok. 1890 roku, z bogato zdobionymi elewacjami
 park z przełomu XVIII i XIX wieku

Przypisy

Królewo (województwo pomorskie)
Wsie królewskie I Rzeczypospolitej (województwo malborskie)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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In Goshawk-Eurasian nature reserve 30 percent of the birds are Hawks, and 40 percent of the non-Hawks are Paddyfield-Warblers. If there are 25 percent as many Kingfishers as Paddyfield-Warblers in the reserve, then what percent of the birds in the nature reserve are not Hawks, Paddyfield-Warblers, or Kingfishers?
Calling all Columbia (CBS) MBA Applicants: (2018 Intake) Class of 2020 !!! NEW !!!
I'm not Bunuel/Karishma, but I can try to help you. I don't think that it is 700+ problem. You even don't need any equations. Just be accurate with percents.
Since the problem doesn't depend on the number of birds in reserve you can suppose that there are 100 birds.
From them 100*0.3=30 are Hawks.So, there are 70 non-Hawks.
There are 0.4*70=28 Paddyfield-Warblers. Therefore, there are 0.25*28=7 Kingfishers.
The total number of birds in the nature reserve that are not Hawks, Paddyfield-Warblers, or Kingfishers is 100-30-28-7=35.
Thanks smyarga- I was somewhat confused with my own explanation...! It's clear now..
This question can be solved using at least 2 methods. Lets look at them.
1. We are given the following percentages: 30 (70), 40 (60), 25 (75). There are two threads from here. First starts at 30% and finishes there. Second one starts at 70, then 40, and then 25. We need a value that is divisible by 7, 2, and 5 at least once. lets pick a number now, say 700. So say if Non Hawks are 700 (this is 70% of the total, so total = 1000), then Paddy Warbs are 2/5 x 700 = 1400/5 = 280. Kingfishers, therefore, are 280/4 = 70. Lets add them up. 300 hawks + 280 Peddy Warbs + 70 kingsifhers = 650. So all others are 1000 - 650= 350 or 35% of total birds.
The main job here to to identify the smart number to start the question with. This can be time consuming, but once identified, this question can be solved fairly quickly.
2. Another method: If X is total --> Non Hawks = 0.7X --> Warbs = 0.4(0.7X) --> KFs = 0.25(0.4(0.7X)).
Our job is to find out : (0.3X + 0.28X + 0.07X)/ X. OR 0.65X/X = 0.65. We need to find 1-0.65 = 0.35 or 35%.
Can you please explain what " If there are 25 percent as many Kingfishers as Paddyfield-Warblers" means? Though i got the ans right, didnt get the clarity of the above phrase. Thanks in advance.
This simply means that the number of Kingfishers is 25% of the number of Paddyfield-Warblers.
"40 percent of the non-Hawks are Paddyfield-Warblers. If there are 25 percent as many Kingfishers as Paddyfield-Warblers in the reserve"
When we talk about 40% of the non-hawks, then shouldn't we consider Paddyfield-Warblers as a percentage within the non-Hawks rather than the total Paddyfield-Warblers? It's confusing the way it has been written. Can someone provide some clarity?
Hence, birds which are neither of these = 35x or 35%.
If you see my solution, I considered "Paddyfield-Warblers as a percentage within the non-Hawks" and this is correct. I am not sure what made you confused.


text:
Q: Mi funcion heredada en javaScript no me devuelte lo que quiero Estoy tratando de hacer una función heredada que me devuelva los valores que quiero pero no puedo.

A:  // viendo el codigo a ojo, veo que el la el método que llamas en el "document.write" es celinfo, y tendría que ser cel2.mostrarInfo...Exitos!//

class Celular {
    constructor(color, peso, tamaño, rdc, ram) {
        this.color = color;
        this.peso = peso;
        this.tamaño = tamaño;
        this.resolucionDeCamara = rdc;
        this.memoriaRam = ram;
        this.encendido = false;
    }
    presionarBotonEncendido() {
        if (this.encendido == false) {
            alert("celular prendido");
            this.encendido = true;
        } else {
            alert("celular apagado");
            this.encendido = false;
        }
    }

    reiniciar() {
        if (this.encendido == true) {
            alert("reiniciando celular");
        } else {
            alert("el celular está apagado");
        }
    }
    tomarFoto() {
        alert(`foto tomada en una resolución de: ${this.resolucionDeCamara}`);
    }
    grabarVideo() {
        alert(`grabando video en ${this.resolucionDeCamara}`);
    }
    mobileInfo() {
        return `
        Color: ${this.color}

        Peso: ${this.peso}

        Tamaño: ${this.tamaño}

        Memoria Ram: ${this.memoriaRam}

        Resolución de Video: ${this.resolucionDeCamara}

        `;
    }
}

class CelularAltaGama extends Celular {
    constructor(color, peso, tamaño, rdc, ram, rdce) {
        super(color, peso, tamaño, rdc, ram);
        this.resolucionDeCamaraExtra = rdce;
    }
    grabarVideoLento() {
        alert("estas grabando en camara lenta");
    }
    reconocmientoFacial() {
        alert("vamos a iniciar un reconocimiento facial")
    }
    infoAltaGama() {
        return this.mobileInfo() + `Resolución de Camara Extra: ${this.resolucionDeCamaraExtra}`;
    }
}

// celular1 = new Celular("rojo","150g","5'","hd","1GB");
// celular2 = new Celular("negro","155g","5.4'","full hd","2GB");
// celular3 = new Celular("blanco","15046g","5.9'","full hd","2GB");

// celular1.presionarBotonEncendido();
// celular1.tomarFoto();
// celular1.grabarVideo();
// celular1.reiniciar();
// celular1.presionarBotonEncendido();

celular1 = new CelularAltaGama("rojo", "130g", "5.2", "4K", "3GB", "full hd");
celular2 = new CelularAltaGama("negro", "142g", "6", "4K", "4GB", "hd");

document.write(`
    ${celular1.infoAltaGama()}

    ${celular2.infoAltaGama()}

    `);
<!DOCTYPE html>

    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Document</title>

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The 1966 commemorates Cohiba's 45th anniversary and is named for the year that Cohiba was created, when it was Fidel Castro's personal smoke and only available through diplomatic channels. Cohiba did not become commercially available until 1982 and the Edicion Limitada program didn't officially begin until 2000. Unlike most other Cohibas, the 1966 is only available on a limited basis.
The wrapper is darker than those usually found on Cubans, which is typical of cigars released for the limited-edition program and one of its defining characteristics. As these are destined to be a hot auction item, one might conceivably purchase any remaining boxes as an investment, but as this Cohiba 1966 really represents everything we love about Cuban cigars from its flavor to its richness to the overall harmonious and aromatic experience, it is better to smoke them than to sell them.


Our company has been in business since 1993 and we are proud of our cooperation with so many 'blue-chip' companies. Career Holdings stands for value. We do believe that we should create value in everything we do -value to our customers, value to our employees, value to the society in which we live and operate.


Mobile measurement and fraud prevention company, Adjust, has updated its free Global Benchmarks platform with new features. The tool is the first of its kind to make specific KPIs, such as app session data, publicly available, providing critical insights for marketers that are looking to pinpoint shifts in user habits.
Adjust's Global Benchmarks 2.0 follows the launch of the platform in the summer of this year, and includes five new metrics and fresh data from the past two quarters. The tool is based on Adjust's aggregated database, and analyzes a combination of over 7,000 apps.
The metrics can be sliced and diced by quarter, vertical, acquisition type, platform and region – the latter of which covers Europe, Asia & Pacific, North America, Latin America and Africa & the Middle East.
All mobile marketers want to improve their apps' performance, but finding the right data to inform marketing decisions can be a time-consuming and costly process. Adjust's Global Benchmarks 2.0 provides the insights needed to make smart, data-driven decisions, and after receiving great feedback from the industry on the launch, we're very pleased to share expanded metrics and fresh new data with this second version.


There are many careers within the equine industry and for those thinking of taking up a career working with horses, check out our guides to various jobs that involve working with horses. Each of our job guides outlines the work involved, the qualifications and training needed, etc.
A horse groom is responsible for the day-to-day care of horses. If you are thinking of working as a groom check out this guide to the work involved, work hours, training and qualifications needed, etc.
Riding instructors teach children and adults of all abilities to ride horses and need to be patient and have good communication skills. Check out our guide to the duties, hours, training and qualifications needed for a career as a horse riding instructor.
Riding trek assistants assist trek leaders in taking groups of holiday makers on hacks and need to be a good rider, friendly and have good communication skills. Check out our guide to the duties, hours, training and qualifications needed as a horse riding trek assistant.
Riding trek leaders are responsible for taking groups of holiday makers on hacks and need to be a good rider, friendly and have good communication skills. Check out our guide to the duties, hours, training and qualifications needed as a horse riding trek leader.


text:
Church Universal: Heaven's Universal Kingdom of JESUS Christ on Earth – The International Cathedral of The Holy Apostles – "The Church Without Walls"
CHURCH UNIVERSAL
The Church Universal
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St Gregory Archbishop of Constantinople – 389 ad
St Gregory the Theologian the Archbishop of Constantinople
Commemorated on January 25
Troparion & Kontakion
Saint Gregory the Theologian, Archbishop of Constantinople, a great Father and teacher of the Church, was born into a Christian family of eminent lineage in the year 329, at Arianzos (not far from the city of Cappadocian Nazianzos). His father, also named Gregory (January 1), was Bishop of Nazianzus. The son is the St Gregory Nazianzus encountered in Patristic theology. His pious mother, St Nonna (August 5), prayed to God for a son, vowing to dedicate him to the Lord. Her prayer was answered, and she named her child Gregory.
When the child learned to read, his mother presented him with the Holy Scripture. St Gregory received a complete and extensive education: after working at home with his uncle St Amphilochius (November 23), an experienced teacher of rhetoric, he then studied in the schools of Nazianzos, Caesarea in Cappadocia, and Alexandria. Then the saint decided to go to Athens to complete his education.
On the way from Alexandria to Greece, a terrible storm raged for many days. St Gregory, who was just a catechumen at that time, feared that he would perish in the sea before being cleansed in the waters of Baptism. St Gregory lay in the ship's stern for twenty days, beseeching the merciful God for salvation. He vowed to dedicate himself to God, and was saved when he invoked the name of the Lord.
St Gregory spent six years in Athens studying rhetoric, poetry, geometry, and astronomy. His teachers were the renowned pagan rhetoricians Gymorias and Proeresias. St Basil, the future Archbishop of Caesarea (January 1) also studied in Athens with St Gregory. They were such close friends that they seemed to be one soul in two bodies. Julian, the future emperor (361-363) and apostate from the Christian Faith, was studying philosophy in Athens at the same time.
Upon completing his education, St Gregory remained for a certain while at Athens as a teacher of rhetoric. He was also familiar with pagan philosophy and literature.
In 358 St Gregory quietly left Athens and returned to his parents at Nazianzus. At thirty-three years of age, he received Baptism from his father, who had been appointed Bishop of Nazianzus. Against his will, St Gregory was ordained to the holy priesthood by his father. However, when the elder Gregory wished to make him a bishop, he fled to join his friend Basil in Pontus. St Basil had organized a monastery in Pontus and had written to Gregory inviting him to come.
St Gregory remained with St Basil for several years. When his brother St Caesarius (March 9) died, he returned home to help his father administer his diocese. The local church was also in turmoil because of the Arian heresy. St Gregory had the difficult task of reconciling the bishop with his flock, who condemned their pastor for signing an ambiguous interpretation of the dogmas of the faith.
St Gregory convinced his father of the pernicious nature of Arianism, and strengthened him in Orthodoxy. At this time, Bishop Anthimus, who pretended to be Orthodox but was really a heretic, became Metropolitan of Tyana. St Basil had been consecrated as the Archbishop of Caesarea, Cappadocia. Anthimus wished to separate from St Basil and to divide the province of Cappadocia.
St Basil the Great made St Gregory bishop of the city of Sasima, a small town between Caesarea and Tyana. However, St Gregory remained at Nazianzos in order to assist his dying father, and he guided the flock of this city for a while after the death of his father in 374.
Upon the death of Patriarch Valentus of Constantinople in the year 378, a council of bishops invited St Gregory to help the Church of Constantinople, which at this time was ravaged by heretics. Obtaining the consent of St Basil the Great, St Gregory came to Constantinople to combat heresy. In the year 379 he began to serve and preach in a small church called "Anastasis" ("Resurrection"). Like David fighting the Philistines with a sling, St Gregory battled against impossible odds to defeat false doctrine.
READ MORE ABOUT SAINT GREGORY ARCHBISHOP OF CONSTANTINOPLE 389ad
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Tags: Ancient Faith, Apostolic Succession, Convergence Movement, Gregory Nazianzus, Holy Apostles, Religion and Spirituality, Saint Gregory, St Gregory
Categories Ancient Faith, Church History
Author JP-LOGAN.com and #ASSOCIATES
Church History the first 1000 years
Church History Video:
Very interesting and thought provoking information to consider.
CHURCH HISTORY TIMELINE 1st 1,000 Years
33 Pentecost (A.D: 29 is thought to be more accurate).
49 Council at Jerusalem (Acts 15) establishes precedent for addressing Church disputes in Council. James presides as bishop.
69 Bishop Ignatius consecrated in Antioch in heart of New Testament era–St. Peter had been the first bishop there. Other early bishops include James, Polycarp, and Clement.
95 Book of Revelation written, probably the last of the New Testament books.
150 St. Justin Martyr describe's the liturgical worship of the Church, centered in the Eucharist. Liturgical worship is rooted in both the Old and New Testament.
325 The Nicene Creed is established. The Council of Nicea settles the major heretical challenge to the Christian faith when the heretic Arius asserts Christ was created by the Father. St. Athanasius defends the eternality of the Son of God. The Arians continue their assault on true Christianity for years. Nicea is the first of Seven Ecumenical (Church-wide) Councils.
451 Council of Chalcedon affirms apostolic doctrine of two natures in Christ.
589 In a synod in Toledo, Spain, the filioque, asserting that the Holy Spirit procedes from the Father and the Son is added to the Nicene Creed. This error is later adopted by Rome.
787 The era of Ecumenical Councils ends at Nicea, with the Seventh Council bringing the centuries-old use of icons back into the Church.
988 Conversion of Russia begins.
We knew not whether we were in heaven or on earth, for surely there is no such splendour or beauty anywhere upon earth. We cannot describe it to you: only this we know, that God dwells there among men, and that their service surpasses the worship of all other places. For we cannot forget that beauty. – Envoys of the Russian Prince Vladimir, after experiencing the Divine Liturgy at the Church of the Hagia Sophia in Constantinople in the year 987.
www.ChristianChurchUNITED.org
www.ConvergenceMovement.org
www.ApostolicSuccession.org
Tags: Apostolic Succession, Archbishop Joshua Paul, Church, Church History, CHURCH HISTORY TIMELINE, Church History Video, Council at Jerusalem, Council of Chalcedon, Council of Nicea, St. Justin Martyr
Categories Ancient Faith, Archbishop Joshua Paul, Church History, Video, WOW
Patriarch Bartholomew: No to Homosexual Marriage
His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew
Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew expressed in unequivocal terms that the Orthodox Church cannot sanction same-sex marriage. This is bound to make some of the Orthodox Progressives squirm because there is no room for doubt, no artificial distinction between Church and society where the moral teaching applies to the former but not the latter, where there is a different ontology implied for those within the Church and those outside of her.
This statement was delivered at a homily in Estonia but also posted on the Patriarchal website so it carries the imprimatur of the Patriarchal office. Note Pat. Bartholomew's reliance on the book of Romans where the Apostle Paul describes Roman culture at the time. Again, this is significant because the Patriarch's reference to St. Paul's admonition shows the teaching applies not only to the Church, but to society as well. The erroneous idea that the Orthodox Church has nothing to say to the larger culture about homosexual marriage has been repudiated Pat. Kyrill in the past and now by Pat. Bartholomew.
The condemnation, a strong word but borrowed from the text below is quite clear:
To our Lord Jesus Christ, who blessed families through the Mystery of Marriage at Cana of Galilee and changed water into wine, that is, into joy and feasting, and to His Body, the Orthodox Church, the partnering of the same sex is unknown and condemned, and they condemn the contemporary invention of "mutual cohabitation", which is the result of sin and not the law of joy
Note too the Ecumenical Patriarch's implicit reasoning that homosexual marriage threatens the family:
The Church, my beloved parents and children, and subsequently the family, which consists lawfully and by the command of God of men and women, and the children acquired, is not a foundation or association or a simple organization, but a Body, as it is wonderfully depicted by the Apostle Paul. And this parallelism is accurate and true. Church and marriage. Husband and wife. Body and its members.
This community, signified in the Mysteries and in the obedience of Faith, both in the Church and in the family, is sanctified and mystagogued through the Mystery of Marriage, which, according to the Fathers, is a mystery of co-creation, and the ontological link of love with the Head of the Body, to ensure health and life, which is salvation and sanctification.
The language is a bit labored as is often the case with missives from Constantinople where too many ideas are packed into too few sentences. Nevertheless, the meaning is clear and the arguments that the Church has no interest in the broader health of the culture and should remain silent about the critical moral issues of the day should be put to rest.
TV Interview with Patriarch Bartholomew I
By His All-Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew During His Visit to His Excellency Constantine Catsambis Ambassador of Greece to Estonia (September 6, 2013)
Prime Minister Andrus Ansip meets with His All Holiness Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew
Tags: Ancient Faith, Apostolic Succession, Religion, Religion and Spirituality, same sex marriage
Categories Ancient Faith, Church History, Controversial, Iconography, Photography, WOW
Ancient Faith – A Walk Into the First-Century Church
A Walk Into the First-Century Church
The world of the first-century was littered with racism and oppression. In the mind of a first-century Jew, Gentiles (Africans, Romans, Greeks, Syrians, Asians, etc.) were created to fuel the fires of hell.
When a Jew called a Gentile "uncircumcised," he spit it. It was a name of profound contempt.
If a Jewish person married a Gentile, the Jewish parents held a funeral service for their child. In their eyes, their child was dead.
On the flip side, Gentiles regarded Jews to be sub-human. Historically, the Jews have been an oppressed people, living under the thumb of one Gentile nation after another (e.g., Egypt, Assyria, Babylon, Greece, Rome).
In all of human history, there has never been so much animosity, hatred, and violence between two groups of people as there has been between the Jew and the Gentile.
But alas, in the first-century, there emerged a group of people on the planet who transcended this racial hostility.
Here was a group of people who saw themselves as members of the same family . . . a people made up of Jews, Gentles, slaves, free, rich, poor, male and female.
These were the early Christians. The Roman world stood in awe as they saw a people who hated each other began to love one another and do life together in the Name of Jesus.
Watch them walking into the market place together, arm and arm, singing with joy in their hearts.
Jew and Gentile.
Rich and poor.
Male and female.
Look at them closely. Jew and Gentile eating together, working together, greeting one another with a holy kiss, raising their children together, taking care of one another, marrying one another, and burying one another.
This fact blew the circuitry of every person living in Century One. It shook the Roman Empire to its very foundations.
The church of Jesus Christ was a classless society. It's members didn't regard social status, color, or position. For them, there was no Jew or Greek in the body of Christ. There was no slave or free. There was no rich or poor.
Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all, and is in all. Colossians 3:11
For the first two hundred years, the Christians only addressed each other by their first names. The reason? Because their last names indicated their social position in society.
Here was a classless, raceless society where all social distinctions were erased.
To their minds, Jew and Gentile, slave and free, rich and poor no longer existed. The early believers saw themselves as part of the same family . They were a new race . . . a colony from another realm, not of or from this earth. Yet for this earth.
DERWIN GRAY is the founding and Lead Pastor of Transformation Church. He is considered to be one of America's leading voices on multi-ethnic, multi-generational, missional ministry. In their first two years of existence, Transformation Church was recognized as one of the top 100 fastest-growing churches in America by Outreach Magazine (2nd on the list by percentage for 2010). Derwin played for six seasons in the NFL for the Indianapolis Colts (1993-1997) and the Carolina Panthers (1998) and is recognized by many as the "Evangelism Linebacker." He is also the author of the forthcoming book, Limitless Life: You Are More Than Your Past When God Holds Your Future (September 3, 2013). Learn more about Derwin at www.derwinlgray.com
Tags: Ancient Faith, Christian Church, human-rights, Jesus, Jesus Christ
Categories Ancient Faith, Church, Church History, COnvergence Movement
Rev. Joshua Gregory's Photo
Rev. Joshua Gregory
THERE's SOMETHING ABOUT MARY! Mary the mother of God has always been venerated in the Church for centuries… WE do not worship her but celebrate Her for who she was IN God. Gabriel greeted her in Luke 1: 28 and said Hail FULL OF GRACE… meaning she was RIGHTEOUS not sin-less…. He even calls her Highly favored one and blessed among women. For it is truly right to bless God's handmaiden.
via Rev. Joshua Gregory's Photos | Facebook.
Tags: Ancient Faith, Apostles, Apostolic, Apostolic Succession, Christ, Christendom, Christianity, Church, Facebook, Gabriel, God, Luke 1, Mary, Photography, Religion and Spirituality
Categories Church History, Iconography, Photography
† Holy and Righteous Symeon the God-receiver and the Prophetess Anna
"There is an ancient tradition that the holy, righteous elder Symeon, who came from Egypt, was one of the Seventy learned Jews chosen in the days of the Pharoah Ptolemy Philadelphus (285-246 BC) for the task of rendering the Hebrew Bible into Greek, and that to Symeon was assigned the translation of the book of the Prophet Isaiah.
† Holy and Righteous Symeon the God-receiver and the Prophetess Anna.
Tags: Ancient Faith, Apostles, Apostolic, Apostolic Succession, Catholic, Christendom, Christian Church, Christianity, Church, Convergence Movement, Disciples of Christ, Faith, God, Photography, Religion and Spirituality, spirituality, theology, Thought
Categories Christian, Church History, Photography
Bishop Charles Mason – COGIC Praying
Bishop Charles Mason of the Glorius Church Of God In Christ praying. Bishop Mason was a pioneer of the African American Pentecostal renewal initiated at Asuza.
Tags: Ancient Faith, Apostolic, Christian Church, Christianity, Church, cogic, Denominations, Faith, Motivational, News, Religion, Religion and Spirituality
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how to check which ICCID of sim card belongs to which account?
Other than calling into customer service, popping the sim into an android device and installing the FreedomPop messaging app. Data sim won't register, voice sim will. You can view the account info by pressing the button in the top left corner.


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Nutra thrive – meeting your pet's nutritional needs nutra thrive from ultimate pet nutrition is a supplement powder that is packed with antioxidants, digestive enzymes, vitamins, and probiotics. this easily-absorbed product helps support higher energy levels and healthy digestion by maintaining a balance between the "good" and "bad.. Metabolic edge provides over 200% more fucoxanthin than other popular products, making metabolic edge the best priced fucoxanthin on the market! berberine is a natural alkaloid that has been shown to cause weight loss in a multitude of people with obesity, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and women with polycystic ovarian syndrome.. These dog supplements supply the canine body with all the essential micro and macro nutrients and keep most deficiency-related diseases at bay. the positive changes are easily noticeable, your dog becomes more active, the coat becomes shinier, there is a noticeable reduction in shedding, and more..
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Discover the best dog supplements & vitamins in best sellers. find the top 100 most popular items in amazon string(pet-supplies-store) best sellers.. Nutri plus thrive – b1 formula nutrients reduces transplant shock nutri plus nutri plus thrive 20l. puppy vitamins – puppy supplements with antioxidants taurine – healthy puppy vitamins for skin coat joint liver brain – chewable support small medium large puppies – 4 pack dog puppy magnets included taurine – healthy puppy vitamins. These dog supplements supply the canine body with all the essential micro and macro nutrients and keep most deficiency-related diseases at bay. the positive changes are easily noticeable, your dog becomes more active, the coat becomes shinier, there is a noticeable reduction in shedding, and more..


Today there are ever more options for the savvy consumer in terms of how they operate their finances. An essential tool for this for many is a credit card, however with so many providers, with each offering differing rates, deals and terms and conditions choosing the right credit card for your needs can be nothing short of a nightmare.
A popular choice of credit card is a 0% interest rate credit card, however some consumers can have trouble understanding the two main types of 0% interest rate credit cards. To this end this guide talks you through choosing the right package for your needs and what else you should bear in mind when signing up to a credit card deal.
The first type of 0% interest rate credit cards that you may have come across is those that offer interest free purchases for a set period. The length of such periods will differ drastically from provider to provider and this factor should be the first consideration of choosing between deals. Other factors include the interest rate that will be charged following the interest free period. There are few people who can pay off the balance completely at the end of the term, so unless you know for certain you can, you should plan ahead for this eventuality.
Another type of 0% interest rate card may be considered to be those that are in the form of credit cards that offer an interest free balance transfer. A key consideration in this instance is how much the provider will charge for such a transfer. This will be of either a set amount, or a percentage of the total that is to be transferred.
You may also want to think about the interest rate that will be charged following the period of interest free credit.
Once you know which type of 0% interest credit card you're looking for you can take to the internet to use the many price comparison websites out there to compare deals.
These websites will allow you to narrow down your search by entering some basic personal details and details as to either how large a balance you're looking to transfer or what terms you're looking for in a 0% on new purchases card.
Balance transfers: Are they the wisest move for you?
If you have numerous debts and find yourself moving your credit card balance around continually it may be wise to seek financial advice as to whether there's a better option for you in the form of a personal loan. Very often this will see you working through your debt more quickly, as well as benefitting from lower interest rates as opposed to numerous transfer charges.


Twenty-seven years later, the unimaginable has become real. Former dictator Jean-Claude "Baby Doc" Duvalier has been brought to trial for crimes against humanity.
Will justice finally arrive for the hundreds of thousands who were murdered, tortured, imprisoned, beaten, savaged, and degraded by him and his father, François "Papa Doc" Duvalier?
Papa Doc came to power in a rigged election in 1957, and began establishing the most brutal regime in Haiti's history, and one of the most brutal in Latin American history. In 1971, he transferred power to his 19-year-old son, who claimed the same title of "President-for-Life" and continued the repression and corruption.
The US's support of both Papa and Baby Doc Duvalier was unbroken except for a brief period under John Kennedy. The support included military aid for a state that was not at war, except against its own people.
Citizens employed daily resistance, countless acts of noncompliance that usually flew below the radar. From time to time, revolutionaries attempted insurrections from within or invasions from without, only to be rounded up and killed, sometimes along with all members of their families. Periodically the underground opposition broke open into a free-speech or human-rights movement. Many of the Haitians flung into exile – who would eventually reach about a million – were also active parts of the resistance.
In 1983, two exiled Haitians, an American priest, and I started the first international human rights organization dedicated to Haiti, Washington Office on Haiti, to mobilize opposition to the dictatorship. We filled reports and articles with stories of Duvalier's abuses; pressured the administration along with the US Congressional Black Caucus; and did whatever we could to raise attention, outrage, and action. The vicious regime's reach was long; the executions and torture filled my own waking days and dreaming nights for years.
The straw that broke the camel's back came when the Tonton Macoutes, the despot's personal henchmen, gunned down three youth in the town of Gonaïves in late 1985. The latent fury and clandestine organizing overflowed into a crashing torrent of rebellion, with strikes and daily protests and refusal to be quieted or governed. The regime survived by a mere 10 weeks.
When, during those weeks, the widespread resistance made it clear that the autocracy was doomed, the US finally pulled its support. Wanting to preempt the ascendance of a left-wing government, the US flew Duvalier to France aboard one of its own airplanes on February 7, 1986, and then installed a military junta the next day. Haiti continued to be what people called "Duvalierism without Duvalier," with illegal regimes and military juntas, all US-supported, following one after the other. At last, in 1990, Haiti had its first democratic elections.
On January 16, 2011, Duvalier returned to Haiti, likely to try to liberate $6 million in stolen assets from his frozen bank account in Switzerland. He appeared to have been trying to beat a Swiss law, dubbed the "Duvalier law," which was to go into effect on February 1, making it easier for Switzerland to seize the funds. Instead, three days later, the Préval government charged him with corruption and embezzlement and placed him under house arrest. Duvalier defied his detention to zip around town in a luxury automobile and eat at elegant restaurants high in the hills.
The government of Michel Martelly, which took power through a fraudulent election in May 2011, is closely allied to Duvalier in ideology and personnel. A number of former Duvalier officials have been recycled into Martelly's reign, and Duvalier's own son serves as a Martelly advisor. The government even granted Duvalier a diplomatic passport.
The government stopped pursuing the case, and Martelly even talked about granting Duvalier amnesty. The chief prosecutor recommended that all charges be dropped. In 2012, another judge ruled that Duvalier could not be prosecuted for crimes against humanity because the statute of limitation had expired under Haitian law, though he could still be tried for embezzlement. The survivors appealed the dismissal to the appellate court on the basis that under international law, to which Haiti is bound, crimes against humanity like kidnapping, torture and murder do not have statutes of limitation. The appellate court is currently hearing the argument of the victims, who are represented by the International Lawyers' Office (BAI by its French acronym) and the law firm of Jean-Joseph Exumé.
Duvalier was subsequently struck with the epidemic that affects former dictators when they are brought to trial, and claimed he was hospitalized. Thus he was absent during the two hearings when survivors took the stand.
During his eight months at Fort Dimanche, Bobby estimated that he saw or heard 180 corpses being taken away, killed either through execution, torture, or starvation. The same woven banana-leaf mats on which the victims had slept became their burial shroud. The bodies were hauled off in a wooden cart and dropped into a hole in the ground behind the prison. Each time, other prisoners sang a funeral dirge from their cells.
Normally a bear of a man, Bobby estimated that he lost 90 pounds during his detention. When he was transferred to another jail, he said, he walked past a mirror and didn't realize that the person he saw was himself until after the fact. He was continually threatened with torture but for some reason never was.
Bobby was on the verge of death from starvation and illness when Jimmy Carter was elected president of the US. Though Carter's administration continued supporting Duvalier, still he sent a commission to Haiti in February of 1977 to demand it free 13 political prisoners. Ten of the 13 were already dead. While being sent to Fort Dimanche was usually a death sentence, with most prisoners ending up in that hole in the ground, Bobby and the two others made it out alive.
Some human rights lawyers at the proceedings reported feeling that the judges were respectful and engaged with certain witnesses. Some of the judges' questions, such as "Did you ever see anyone tortured to death?" elicited key testimony.
The Public Minister, who works with the prosecution supposedly for the public good, appeared sympathetic to Duvalier when he testified, helping him make excuses. In one instance, she asked Duvalier if he believed he were mature enough, at 19, to rule a country. He responded that he hadn't felt he had the strength, and that he had told his father no.
One of Duvalier's lawyers was the son of the despot's minister of justice. The defense team created a circus act, trying to disrupt the proceedings and intimidate witnesses by shouting at the opposing team, and even the judges. Their points were usually absurd. They asked Bobby such questions as whether he had gone tovisit Duvalier to offer thanks for his release, whether he was part of a group of people setting people on fire "for their political convictions" after Duvalier's departure, and whether he was "accusing the Haitian police and government of being controlled by the US State Department." The defense asked plaintiff Fils-Aimé if he had been growing marijuana when he was arrested. A lawyer asked plaintiff Nicole Magloire if, when she said she was opposed to Duvalier's anti-communist law, "she was above the laws of the republic, which were an assertion of the power of the state." He asked, furthermore, if she had been having "intimate relations" with an army commander.
An order from the court will likely come out in the next several weeks. Whoever wins, the decision will surely be appealed.
Justice has long been deferred. Let us hope it is not denied.
With thanks to Nicole Phillips of the International Lawyers' Office (BAI, by its French acronym) and Lelenne Gilles of National Network for the Defense of Human Rights (RNDDH).
Stay tuned for Beverly Bell's new book, Fault Lines: Views across Haiti's Divide, coming out in June from Cornell University Press. Read more from Other Worlds here, and follow us on Facebook and Twitter!
Beverly Bell has worked for more than three decades as an advocate, organizer, and writer in collaboration with social movements in Latin America, the Caribbean, Africa, and the U.S. Her focus areas are just economies, democratic participation, and gender justice. Beverly currently serves as associate fellow at the Institute for Policy Studies and coordinator of Other Worlds. She is author of Walking on Fire: Haitian Women Stories of Survival and Resistance and of the forthcoming Fault Lines: Views Across Haiti's Divide.


text:
Even in most educated states, Latinos still struggle for equal opportunities
In states like Colorado, educational opportunities for the Latino population remains lacking. StockPhoto.
A report from New Georgetown University has shown that within states with high levels of education such as Colorado, Latinos continue to be left behind.
Even in most educated states, Latinos still...
The struggle of the Latino community in the United States has many fronts: the right to identity, to health, to job opportunities and, fundamentally, to education.
In states where the Hispanic population is significant, the disparities seem to be more accentuated every day.
A study carried out by New Georgetown University showed that in states such as Colorado, which is home to one million Latinos live and is considered one of the most educated territories in the country, "56% of adults have a high-quality certificate" while Latinos only represent 19% of the enrollment in university training centers, as reported by PR Web.
captura_de_pantalla_2018-08-07_a_las_20.40.11.png
The study, titled "Rocky Mountain Divide: Lifting Latinos and Closing Equity Gaps in Colorado" found that "nearly half of Latino children (49%) have parents with only high school education or less."
The difference with the white population is important because it shows that "Latino parents are less likely to have a college degree, let alone ever enroll in college."
In contrast, "89% of white children in Colorado have at least one parent with at least some college education and more than 60% of these children have at least one parent with a bachelor's or graduate degree."
For Anthony P. Carnevale, director of the Georgetown Center and lead author of the research, the importance of the results is that they demonstrate the need to "close the post-secondary attainment gap between whites and Latinos," especially considering that the latter represents "the fastest growing racial and ethnic group in the state."
"Colorado would do well to ensure that Latinos have access to the right college and career guidance," he added.
These marked differences translate into an impediment for the Hispanic community when it comes to professional and economic growth, as well as to find representation within the professional and political strata at a state level.
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text:
Next Level Games, Inc. is a Canadian video game developer owned by Nintendo based in Vancouver. Founded in August 2002, Next Level Games specializes in creating console video games. Their first project was NHL Hitz Pro, which was published by Midway Games in 2003. The company is best known for its work with Nintendo, the Mario Strikers games and Punch-Out!! for the Wii, Luigi's Mansion: Dark Moon and Metroid Prime: Federation Force for the Nintendo 3DS, and Luigi's Mansion 3 for the Nintendo Switch.

Among other awards, Next Level Games has been named one of "Canada's Top 100 Employers" and one of BC's Top Employers in 2008, 2009 and 2012. The company has been featured in Maclean's magazine and BC Business magazine.

In January 2014, the studio announced that it would work exclusively with Nintendo from then on. In January 2021, Nintendo announced that it had purchased Next Level Games after "A number of owner-directors recently determined that the time is right for them to sell their shares, and NLG therefore began exploring potential sale transactions". This acquisition took place on March 1.

List of games developed

Notes

Cancelled
 WWE Titans: Parts Unknown - PS2, Xbox
 Super Mario Spikers – Wii
 Catalyst - PS3, Xbox 360
 Clockwerk – Wii, X360, PS3

References

External links

2002 establishments in British Columbia
2021 mergers and acquisitions
Canadian companies established in 2002
Canadian subsidiaries of foreign companies
Companies based in Vancouver
First-party video game developers
Nintendo divisions and subsidiaries
Video game companies established in 2002
Video game companies of Canada
Video game development companies


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### 2.0.0-alpha.24 (2015-05-19)

#### Bug Fixes

* **Compiler:** add an error when a directive is null or undefined ([25cd6e43](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/25cd6e43), closes [#1908](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1908))
* **benchmark:**
  * change If for NgIf ([cdbb2473](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/cdbb2473))
  * fixes ng-if ng-for renaming for templates. ([38926f71](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/38926f71))
* **build:** npm shrinkwrap to pick up changed SHA1. ([04a9eb88](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/04a9eb88))
* **directives:** fix import path ([c20060d2](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/c20060d2))
* **errors:** require passing stack traces explicitly in ng2 own code ([8ab77353](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/8ab77353))
* **examples:** prefix directives with Ng ([0e82970a](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/0e82970a))
* **facade:** MapWrapper.createFromPairs ([af9dcad8](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/af9dcad8), closes [#1640](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1640))
* **ng1 benchmarks:** revert *ng-if to ng-if ([909233f7](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/909233f7))
* **router:**
  * use appRootComponentToken to get root route configs ([791caf00](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/791caf00), closes [#1947](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1947))
  * improve route matching priorities ([5db89071](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/5db89071))
  * generate links for router-link with baseHref ([390cfb79](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/390cfb79))
  * sort possible routes by cost ([17392f66](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/17392f66))
* **tree-differ:** treat symlinks to deleted paths as removals ([aad57954](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/aad57954), closes [#1961](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1961))

#### Features

* allow for forward references in injection ([1eea2b25](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/1eea2b25), closes [#1891](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1891))
* **change_detection:**
  * json pipe ([98603824](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/98603824), closes [#1957](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1957))
  * uppercase and lowercase pipes ([7a4a6353](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/7a4a6353))
  * implemented change detection that can be configured with pregenerated change det ([08f21dbf](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/08f21dbf))
* **compiler:**
  * special-case class attribute in hostAttributes ([3011cd86](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/3011cd86), closes [#1774](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1774), [#1841](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1841))
  * added support for [()] syntax ([685a6507](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/685a6507))
* **di:**
  * added hostInjector and viewInjector to the Directive annotation ([b066b8d1](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/b066b8d1))
  * removed publishAs ([3a53f679](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/3a53f679))
* **element_injector:** allow @Optional for ProtoViewRef ([bb2eda2d](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/bb2eda2d))
* **errors:** preserve stack traces of user exceptions in Dart ([b6f29b44](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/b6f29b44))
* **facade:** toUpperCase and toLowerCase ([557d54b3](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/557d54b3))
* **fakeAsync:** allow simulating the passage of time ([0f002a5b](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/0f002a5b))
* **forms:** improved error messages ([11e43851](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/11e43851), closes [#1839](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1839))
* **pipe:** reexported pipes to genereate docs ([155b1e2b](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/155b1e2b))

#### Breaking Changes

* `AppViewManager.createInPlaceHostView` is replaced by
`AppViewManager.createRootHostView` (for bootstrap) and
`AppViewManager.createFreeHostView` (for imperative components).

The later creates new host elements that are not attached anywhere.
To attach them, use `DomRenderer.getHostElement(hostviewRef)`
to get the host element.

Closes #1920

 ([421d8916](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/421d8916))
* - renames `DirectiveMetadataReader` into `DirectiveResolver`
  and removes `src/core/compiler/directive_metadata`.

Fixes #1712
Fixes #1713
 ([ecb06801](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ecb06801))

### 2.0.0-alpha.23 (2015-05-12)

#### Bug Fixes

* **change_detection:** updated dynamic change detector not to mutate when throwing ([d717529e](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/d717529e), closes [#1762](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1762))
* **dart:** Remove unused imports. ([4ce0d5e0](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/4ce0d5e0))
* **forms:** export directives as const in Dart ([5036086f](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/5036086f), closes [#1283](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1283))
* **gulpfile:** fixed test.unit.dart to format dart code before running test ([92d6aa1f](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/92d6aa1f))
* **location:** dartium does not like pushState with null. ([c2a42d5d](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/c2a42d5d))
* **router:**
  * add baseUrl to relative paths, but not absolute. ([a5741541](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/a5741541), closes [#1783](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1783))
  * reuse common parent components ([ac80df09](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ac80df09))
  * router-link works without params ([77d1fc14](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/77d1fc14))
  * strip base href from URLs when navigating ([853d1de6](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/853d1de6))
* **test_lib:** spy funcs should match null arguments ([84dc6ae7](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/84dc6ae7))
* **transformer:** remove classDefParser in favor of hardcoded strings to speed up build ([01d5c295](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/01d5c295))
* **view:** fixed ProtoViewFactory to get all property bindings ([7f976381](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/7f976381))

#### Features

* **PromisePipe:** add pipe for promises ([74987585](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/74987585))
* **VmTurnZone:** Rework the implementation to minimize change detection runs ([e8a6c95e](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/e8a6c95e))
* **change_detection.js:** export null pipes ([4b62a722](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/4b62a722), closes [#1624](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1624))
* **compiler:**
  * added support for host actions ([f9c1de46](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/f9c1de46))
  * allow setting attributes on a host element ([51839ca6](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/51839ca6), closes [#1402](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1402))
* **di:**
  * support type literals in DI ([358a6750](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/358a6750))
  * expose parent injector ([2185e7ce](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/2185e7ce))
  * components can self-publish via publishAs ([1a0da11e](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/1a0da11e))
* **directives:** export collection of core directives ([a5638a94](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/a5638a94), closes [#1524](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1524))
* **dom:** add getBaseHref method ([05219a54](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/05219a54))
* **facade:** add equals method to StringMapWrapper ([aff85b50](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/aff85b50))
* **gulpfuile:** added watch.js.dev ([3256ff1c](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/3256ff1c))
* **lang:** support const expressions in TS/JS and Dart ([4665726f](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/4665726f), closes [#1796](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1796))
* **material:**
  * add early version of md-grid-list. ([8ef183b5](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/8ef183b5), closes [#1683](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1683))
  * early version of md-input ([ad239218](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ad239218), closes [#1753](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1753))
* **view:** allow to transplant a view into a ViewContainer at another place. ([4f3433b5](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/4f3433b5), closes [#1492](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1492))

#### Breaking Changes

*
VmTurnZone has been renamed to NgZone.

- The public API has not chnanged,
- The "outer" zone is now named "mount" zone (private to NgZone).

 ([e11c2054](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/e11c2054))
*
A collection of all the form directives is exported
under `formDirectives`
while those were previously available
under `FormDirectives`.

Closes #1804

 ([229e770a](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/229e770a))

### 2.0.0-alpha.22 (2015-05-07)

#### Bug Fixes

* **brocolli:** escape special regexp characters when building regexps ([a58c9f83](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/a58c9f83), closes [#1721](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1721), [#1752](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1752))
* **build:**
  * build the broccoli tools with correct typescript version. ([6bba289a](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/6bba289a))
  * use correct tsd command to get typings at requested versions ([1205f54d](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/1205f54d))
  * revert typescript upgrade which broke the build. ([b5032fd3](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/b5032fd3))
  * refer to newest version of hammerjs typings ([a7a94636](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/a7a94636))
* **bundle:** update the bundle config to point to rx.js ([cf322130](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/cf322130))
* **change_detector:** ensure that locals are only used when implicit receiver ([d4925b61](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/d4925b61), closes [#1542](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1542))
* **compiler:**
  * clone templates before compiling them ([9e8d31d5](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/9e8d31d5), closes [#1058](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1058))
  * changed the compiler to set up event listeners and host properties on host view  ([e3c11045](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/e3c11045), closes [#1584](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1584))
  * only sets viewDefinition absUrl if the view has either a template or templateUrl ([3d625463](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/3d625463), closes [#1326](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1326), [#1327](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1327))
* **decorators:**
  * incorrect annotation to decorator adapter ([b0c735f7](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/b0c735f7))
  * fixed decorators ([49777648](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/49777648))
  * fixes decorator reflection. ([be7504d4](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/be7504d4))
  * updates missing benchmark and fixes typo. ([87dcd5eb](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/87dcd5eb))
* **decorators.es6:** export Directive decorator ([93c331d1](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/93c331d1), closes [#1688](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1688))
* **di:** improve error messages for invalid bindings ([ee1b574b](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ee1b574b), closes [#1515](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1515), [#1573](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1573))
* **docs:** fix broken docs test after addition of .ts extension to dgeni regex. ([62bf777e](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/62bf777e))
* **exception_handler:** log errors via `console.error` ([ead21c91](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ead21c91))
* **formatter:** point to the newest clang-format ([51c47792](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/51c47792))
* **router:**
  * fix for leading slash in dart ([c9cec600](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/c9cec600))
  * navigate on popstate event ([2713b787](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/2713b787))
  * throw if config does not contain required fields ([259f872c](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/259f872c))
  * infer top-level routing from app component ([46ad3552](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/46ad3552), closes [#1600](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1600))
  * use lists for RouteConfig annotations ([4965226f](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/4965226f))
* **view:** changed view manager to hydrate change detector after creating directives ([c1579222](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/c1579222))

#### Features

* **benchmark:** added an implementation of the tree benchmark in React ([e4342743](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/e4342743))
* **benchmarks:** Add basic dart transformer benchmarks. ([1864f60a](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/1864f60a))
* **decorators:**
  * adds decorator versions of DI annotations. ([457c15cd](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/457c15cd))
  * adds support for parameter decorators. ([f863ea0d](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/f863ea0d))
  * adds decorators to be used by TS and Babel transpiled apps. ([fb67e373](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/fb67e373))
* **dom:** add location and history as DOM-like APIs. ([f356d033](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/f356d033))
* **material:** add prototype dialog component w/ demo. ([f88c4b77](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/f88c4b77))
* **router:**
  * adds the router to the self-executing bundle. ([8e1d53b5](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/8e1d53b5))
  * export decorator version of RouteConfig ([75da6e4c](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/75da6e4c))
  * route redirects ([91533313](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/91533313))
  * sibling outlets ([9d5c33f9](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/9d5c33f9))
  * export routerInjectables ([ef7014fe](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ef7014fe))
  * add location service ([ea546f50](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/ea546f50))

#### Breaking Changes

* Previously, `Directive` was the abstract base class of several directives.
Now, `Directive` is the former `Decorator`, and `Component` inherits from it.

 ([f75a50c1](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/f75a50c1))
* A dynamic component is just a component that has no @View annotation…
 ([8faf6364](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/8faf6364))

# 2.0.0-alpha.21 (2015-04-27)

## Features

- **dart/transform:** Dedup getters, setters, & methods
  ([15376a6d](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/15376a6d243740c73cf90f55525d1710cdd156f5))
- **facade:** add isType method
  ([e617ca63](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/e617ca6323902bd98c0f1eb990b82f6b8d3c98e3))
- **parser:** support === and !== operators
  ([afe0e454](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/afe0e454537f9252f9cf313647e649cfa464f96f),
   [#1496](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1496), [#1500](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1500))
- **router:** add initial implementation
  ([1b2754da](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/1b2754dacdd15e8fea429d56cdacb28eae76d2b1))
- **view:** reimplemented property setters using change detection
  ([8ccafb05](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/8ccafb0524e3ac4c51af34ef88e0fe27482336a6))

## Performance Improvements

- **benchmarks:**
  - benchmark that measure cost of dynamic components
  ([427f0d02](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/427f0d021c51ea6923edd07574a4cc74a1ef84e6))
  - benchmark measuring cost of decorators (fixes #1479)
  ([9fc9d535](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/9fc9d535667c620017367877dbc2a3bc56d358b7))

## Other (malformed commit messages)

- **other:**
  - feat: alllow specifying directives as bindings
  ([4bab25b3](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/4bab25b3666f4247434ad5cb871906fb063fef51),
   [#1498](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1498))
  - fix: export ShadowDom strategies
  ([6896305e](https://github.com/angular/angular/commit/6896305e34082c246769829e4258631c1d2363d1),
   [#1510](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1510), [#1511](https://github.com/angular/angular/issues/1511))

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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text:
← Cowtown in Motion: Clear as Mud
Crank up the Flivver Fever (Part 3): The Big Two (Plus One) →
Crank up the Flivver Fever (Part 2): Abilene or Bust!
Posted on January 13, 2013 by hometown
When the new mode of transportation came along (see Part 1), Star-Telegram publisher Amon Carter made his newspaper an early advocate of the automobile, just as he would with radio in 1922.
On May 20, 1909 the Star-Telegram sponsored a two-day automobile endurance race from Fort Worth to Waco and back. Among the makes of cars taking part were long-gone names such as Franklin, Maxwell, Velie, Chalmers-Detroit, and Jackson. Along the 250-mile course drivers dodged angry farmers with shotguns and even-angrier constables with citation books. The drivers braved swollen streams and dirt ruts softened by spring rain. Drivers got lost, axles and piston rods snapped, radiators ran dry.
But most of the cars made it back to Fort Worth. A Maxwell won the endurance cup (the winner was determined by a complicated set of factors other than shortest time); a Chalmers-Detroit won the economy cup, sipping seventeen gallons of gas (a cost of about $3.50 then). Each car company was quick to boast of its victory in an ad in the Star-Telegram.
These tattered photos show some of the race participants. (Photo from University of Texas at Arlington Library.)
In 1909 A. B. Wharton, who had opened Fort Worth's first "auto livery" in 1904, was selling cars from his home at 1509 Pennsylvania Avenue in Quality Hill. You might recognize the address:
Now that's a used car lot!
Bonus trivia: In 1909 the man who had captured John Wilkes Booth forty-four years earlier was an early casualty of the new technology: He was hit by a car. Contrary to the prediction of this news report, Conger lived another nine years.
In 1909 the Star-Telegram began publishing a weekly page devoted to automobile news.
In 1910 early Fort Worth auto enthusiast Tom Abbott took a Maxwell where no car had gone before (and probably since): bouncing up the south steps of the courthouse, chugging through the corridors of the hallowed hall of justice, and bouncing down the north steps.
Riding shotgun with Abbott on that bone-jarring jaunt was Star-Telegram auto editor James R. Record (1886-1973). Record himself was not a motorist. Ever. In fact, cars made him sorta nervous. So, naturally, the Star-Telegram made him its first auto editor.
In 1917 the Maxwell car company proposed a publicity stunt: Driving a stock Maxwell four-cylinder, race driver Percy Gibbs would attempt to set a speed record from Fort Worth to Abilene, a distance of 175 miles. Again, Star-Telegram auto editor James R. Record rode shotgun in the Maxwell.
The route to Abilene included "some very bad road"—road that at times was only a rumor: buggy ruts, mesquite thickets, creek beds. There were delays as Gibbs stopped to patch flat tires or to refill an overheating radiator.
Note that the ad warned readers that the price of a 1917 Maxwell was about to jump by $30.
More bonus trivia: On his radio and TV programs, Jack Benny owned a Maxwell.
But despite the challenges, the Maxwell averaged a blistering thirty-one miles an hour, beating the time of the fastest Texas & Pacific train on that route, the Star-Telegram claimed. However, the trip was so unnerving to autophobic auto editor James R. Record that he returned to Fort Worth by that slower mode—the train. When he had safely reached Fort Worth, he resigned his post as auto editor.
Let's shift into third:
Crank up the Flivver Fever (Part 3): The Big Two (Plus One)
This entry was posted in "Read All About It", Advertising, Life in the Past Lane, Roadworthy. Bookmark the permalink.


text:
"Fatima was subjected to a horrific attack in her own home."
Two men and a woman were arrested on October 10, 2019, following the death of mum-of-three Suvekshya Burathoki at her home in Highfields, Leicester.
The 32-year-old, known as Fatima and originally from Nepal, was found at her home on Bartholomew Street and was pronounced dead at the scene.
A post-mortem examination found that she had suffered multiple stab wounds.
Fatima was a mother to two young sons and a young daughter.
It was believed that the children had been at home at the time of the attack, which prompted a murder investigation to be launched.
Detective Inspector Mark Sinski is leading the investigation and explained:
"We know that Fatima was subjected to a horrific attack in her own home.
"The person who violently attacked her then left the address.
"To date, a number of people who live in and around Bartholomew Street have been spoken to by detectives, who are continuing to pursue a number of lines of enquiry.
"I would like to reassure people living in Bartholomew Street – and the surrounding area – that I believe this was an isolated incident."
Man beat up Partner and her Mum over Texts from Another Man
Priyanka Chopra's Mum Upset with her 'Small' Wedding
Wife arrested for 'Smothering' Rohit Shekhar Tiwari to Death
Police have now confirmed that three people have been arrested in connection with Fatima's death. They were arrested at an address in Coventry during the afternoon of October 10, 2019.
A 29-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of murder. Another 29-year-old man and a 33-year-old woman were arrested on suspicion of assisting an offender.
Leicestershire Police have said that the three suspects are in custody, however, inquiries are ongoing.
DI Sinski said:
"As a result of our enquiries carried out to date, we have this afternoon arrested three people – one on suspicion of murder.
"While we've made these arrests, our investigation into Fatima's death is still very much ongoing and I would still like to speak to anyone who is yet to come forward with information."
Leicester Mercury reported that Fatima's friend and neighbour Eelize Jones described the mum-of-three as "adorable".
She said: "Her daughter was besotted with her, as were her two boys. She loved everybody and would do anything for anybody.
"She was a great friend to me and I still can't believe I am having to use the word 'was'."
DI Sinski added: "As I have said before, we owe it to Fatima and her family to find the person responsible and bring them to justice.
"I would still like to speak to anyone who was in Bartholomew Street or the surrounding area any time between 7 am and 8:40 am on Tuesday.
"Any information you have could help with our ongoing investigation."
Information can be passed by contacting police on 101 or by calling Crimestoppers on 0800 555 111.
The public can also visit the online public portal mipp.police.uk.
Dhiren Manga
Dhiren is a journalism graduate with a passion for gaming, watching films and sports. He also enjoys cooking from time to time. His motto is to "Live life one day at a time."
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Lack of Sex
Loveless Relationship
Confidence Boost


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text:
David Ben Gurion (Plonsk, 16. listopada 1886. – Tel Aviv, 1. prosinca 1973.), izraelski političar.

Životopis
Izraelski laburistički vođa, državnik i prvi premijer Izraela i ministar obrane (1948. – 1953. i 1955. – 1963.) koji je posvetio svoj život osnivanju izraelske države u Palestini i kasnije ponio titulu "oca domovine". Ben Gurion čije prezime u orginalu glasi Grün, rođen je u mjestu Plonsku u carskoj Rusiji (danas dio Poljske) dana 16. listopada 1886. godine kao sin odvjetnika i aktivnog cionista. Obrazovao se u hebrejskoj školi koju je osnovao njegov otac. U dobi od 14 godina postao je član cionističke mladeži i vođa skupine mladih židova nazvane Ezra, a čiji su članovi međusobno razgovarali samo na hebrejskom jeziku. S 18 godina postao je učitelj u Varšavskoj židovskoj školi i pridružio se socijalističkoj cionističkoj skupini Poalei Zion (Radnici Ziona). Poljsku je napustio 1906. godine, a 1908. godine radi na farmi u židovskom naselju u Palestini koja se nalazila na području koje je bilo pod turskom kontrolom. Tu je postao jedan od pokretača agrikulturne radničke komune te je pomogao utemeljiti židovsku samoobrambenu grupu Hashomer (Čuvar).

Godine 1910. odustao je od rada na farmi i počeo uređivati cionistički radnički list Achdut (Jedinstvo) na hebrejskom jeziku. U to doba već je svoje prezime promijenio u Ben Gurion, što na hebrejskom znači "sin mladog lava", a koje je sličilo na njegovo rodno Grün. Početkom Prvog svjetskog rata Turci su ga protjerali iz Palestine, zajedno s Yitzhakom Ben-Zvijem (kasnije drugim predsjednikom Izraela), te 1915. godine Gurion stiže u New York u ime socijalističkih cionista. U New Yorku se i vjenčao s Paulom Monbesz, cionističkom aktivisticom. Godine 1917. u Velikoj Britaniji objavljuje Balfourovu deklaraciju koja oživljava cionističke nade zbog njegove podrške narodnom domu za Židove u Palestini. Ben Gurion pomaže organiziranje Židovske legije u okviru britanskih trupa, a u koju i sam stupa u Kanadi u travnju 1918. godine. No, dok je legija doplovila do Palestine rat je završio, a Britanci su preuzeli vlast u Palestini. Godine 1922. britanski mandat za upravu nad Palestinom postao je služben. Samo godinu dana ranije (1921.) postao je glavni tajnik Histadruta, konfederacije židovskih radnika. Cijelo to vrijeme bio je predstavnik Histadruta u Svjetskoj cionističkoj organizaciji i Židovskoj agenciji.

Godine 1930. utemeljio je Mapai, cionističku radničku stranku, a do 1935. godine postao je predsjednik Izvršnog komiteta Židovske agencije za Palestinu, službenim nadglednikom židovske Svete Zemlje. Devet godina kasnije (1939.) Velika je Britanija napravila veliku promjenu u svojoj dotadašnjoj prožidovskoj politici i ograničila je imgracijsku kvotu Židova u Palestinu. Godine 1944. postao je predsjednik Cionističke svjetske organizacije. I u vrijeme Drugog svjetskog rata Ben Gurion je nastavio svoju borbu surađujući s Britancima, ali je poveo političku i vojnu borbu protiv njih 1947. – 1948. godine. Na kraju je došao do željenog cilja, republika Izrael proglašena je 14. svibnja 1948. godine, a on je proglašen premijerom novostvorene države (kasnije je postao i ministar obrane). I ne samo to već je uspio razdjeljenje židovske ilegalne oružane skupine stopiti u jedinstvenu vojsku koja je porazila arapske invazijske snage i osvojila poluotok Sinaj koji pripada Egiptu (više na Bliskoistočni sukob). Na unutarnjem planu petnaest je godina (izuzevši period od 1953. – 1955.) vodio svoju zemlju promovirajući useljavanje, obrazovanje i razvoj pustinjskih krajeva. Unatoč oštrom protivljenju opozicije Ben Gurion je podržao uspostavu veza sa Zapadnom Njemačkom.

Godine 1963. dao je ostavku da bi, kako je rekao, učio i pisao; ali i stoga što je izgubio podršku u svojoj stranci. Na mjestu premijera i ministra obrane naslijedio ga je Levi Eshkol. Iako je podnio ostavku, ostao je zastupnik u Knesetu (izraelski parlament) sve do umirovljenja 1970. godine. U tom periodu između njega i Eshkola razvilo se političko suparništvo. To je dovelo do raskola unutar stranke MAPAI. U lipnju 1965. godine Ben Gurion je utemeljio stranku RAFI (Lista izraelskih radnika). Na narednim izborima RAFI je osvojio deset zstupničkih mjesta u Knesetu. Godine 1968. RAFI se pridružio stranci MAPAI na čijem je čelu sada bio Ahdut Ha'avoda i oformljena je nova stranka - Izraelska radnička stranka. No, Ben Gurion je osnovao novu stranku - Hareshima Hamamlachtit (Državna lista) koja je osvojila četiri zastupnička mjesta u Knesetu na izborima 1969. godine. Naredne godine Ben Gurion je otišao u mirovinu i zadnjih je deset godina svog života živio u kibucu Sde Boker u području Negev. Preminuo je 1. prosinca 1973. godine.

Djela
Ben Gurion bavio se i pisanjem, njegova najvažnija djela su: Osobna povijest (1970.) i Židovi i njihova zemlja (1974.). Oba su objavljena postumno.

Izvori

Vanjske poveznice

Predsjednici izraelske vlade
Životopisi, Poljska
Vojni zapovjednici u Bliskoistočnom sukobu
Političari 1945. – 1989.
Židovi