The decades old cricket contests between USA and Canada were suspended during the civil war and restarted beginning 1875. However, the die-hard cricketers of Philadelphia continued on with their cricketing traditions.
Civil War casualties exceeded 690,000 across the country. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all White American males aged 13 to 43 died in the war. In fact, Civil War's casualties outnumbered the losses during all other USA wars combined.
Cricket suffered the consequences of Civil War - among the casualties were some of the best cricketers.
One of the most well known cricketers to lose his life during the Civil War was Walter Newhall whose family was a prominent cricketing family in American cricket (4 Newhalls played in one match against Canada in 1880). Walter Newhall rose to the rank of captain in the third Pennsylvania cavalry and fought many a battle including the battles at Williamsburg, Malvern and Gettysburg. He died in December of 1863 after drowning in a creek near Rappahannock.
already sold 50,000 copies in USA.
Within a short time span, baseball caught on like a wildfire. By the early 1870s, there were 2,000 baseball clubs, 100,000 players, 250,000 spectators and, perhaps most important, a sound commercial structure.
The decades old cricket contests between USA and Canada were suspended during the civil war and restarted beginning 1875. However, the die-hard cricketers of Philadelphia continued on with their cricketing traditions. These clubs around Philadelphia are responsible for the survival, if not the resurgence of cricket after the war. In fact, by 1870, newspapers such as New York Times were reporting attendance of 3,000 spectators for a domestic match between Young America and local Englishmen.
Throughout the 1870's, baseball gained ground in Canada too just as it had in USA the previous decade. In fact, when Canada became a nation in 1867, cricket was so popular it was declared the national sport by John A. Macdonald, the first Prime Minister of Canada. But the influence of baseball from the United States eroded the dominance of cricket. In the words of historian Keith Sandiford, "Canadians were searching for a national identity less reliant on British models and were becoming increasingly influenced by American culture."
It was too early to write an obituary for cricket in the 70's. Although tours were too irregular to be educational, English continued to tour USA and Canada. The third tour by an English team in 1872 featured the first ever cricketing icon - W. G. Grace. Australians too stopped in USA and Canada on their way home whenever possible.
In 1878, some 15,000 people in Philadelphia watched a local eleven hold the Australians to a draw - no mean feat considering the Aussies were already emerging as a cricketing powerhouse by then.
From a cricketing standpoint, the quality of the game saw important changes. When Jupp's English XI visited Philadelphia in 1868, it beat the locals easily. The problem lay in USA's inability to face English bowling. Lack of cricketing interaction had taken its toll and poor defensive techniques and lack of coaching made a big difference. Over-arm bowling had been introduced in England in 1864 but because of lack of exposure, round-arm and under-arm bowling were still prevalent in USA until 1880.
By the end of 1870's Philadelphia teams were doing rather well in their face-offs with the English visitors. By 1878, Philadelphia had developed into a fighting strong side. When the Australians came visiting, fresh from a victorious tour of England where they actually bowled out MCC twice in one day, little did they realize that they would have to fight hard to earn a draw versus the Philadelphians. This was the first drawn international match in USA!
The Englishmen were the victors in a grand cricket match held in Philadelphia between the Americans from the Young America Club and an Eleven comprising hand picked Englishmen from the area. Over 3000 people were in attendance.
1872: In 1872 the third English tour was opposed by the Gladston government due to the Alabama incident – a hangover from the Civil War. But an English eleven arrived under the leadership of R. A. Fitzgerald. In the ranks was the immortal Dr. W. G. Grace and the great cricket organizer, Lord Harris, the former Governor of Bombay (of Harris Shield fame).
The doctor lived up to his colossal reputation by scoring a magnificent 142 against the Toronto Cricket Club. This innings was to stand for over one hundred years, as the highest individual effort by an English batsman in Canada, until eclipsed by David Gower at Winnipeg, against Manitoba, during the 1876 tour by the D. H. Robins XI.
During the same year, Toronto cricketer Ross McKenzie hurled a cricket ball 140 yards, 9 inches to get a world record. Twelve years later, Englishman Robert Percival achieved a distance of 140 years, 2 feet at Durham Sands racecourse, but McKenzie?s mighty throw still ranks as the second greatest of all time.
"At the hands of the Englishmen, there will be afforded opportunities of witnessing cricket playing at the hands of its best known exponents, the present company being superior to the professionals who came in 1859 and 1868," noted New York Times.
The Times further noted that cricket is a game of science and compared it to chess whereas baseball was compared to rapid chequers or draughts not requiring as much caution.
With the exception of two players, the English team comprised Gentlemen (amateurs) of 'independent fortune.' The team included two who are partners in a major bank on Lombard Street!
"First on the list is the well known DA Fitzgerald, Secretary of Marylebone Cricket Club.
The most famous of the players is WG Grace of Gloucestershire. He is the most accomplished player that ever played cricket. Generally hits long double digit or triple digit scores. At one time, the scores that are made by him were regarded as impossible. Game after game, he pushes the scores higher. His average last year was 54 including nine centuries or doubles in first class cricket. His hitting is known for finish and power and he is known to be able to place the ball wherever he wants. In England, he is known as the Wizard.
A Lubbock is a scientific batter of very high reputation. He is an Etonian and from Kent.
His brother Edward Lubbock is an all-rounder who can bowl left-handed to good effect.
Appleby of Lancashire is a bowler – left-handed and fast of round arm action.
William Hadow of Oxford is a good batsman in the top order and an excellent slow bowler.
AN Hornby first became famous in Eton for his crack-hitting. He scored 8 centuries in 1870.
Ottoway is a great fielder who may be used as the wicketkeeper.
CK Francis of Oxford is a good spin bowler.
Rose is the in-form slow bowler who destroyed Canada with his bowling. He will be the one to watch.
The St. George's Club, true to their reputation, hosted the Englishmen in grand style. All the expenses incurred by the visitors were paid for by their New York hosts. Each club is contributing $600.
St. George's Club defrayed their expenses by way of admission tickets to the match of $1 for match day. After the Englishmen play the St. George's Club, proceeded to Philadelphia where Norley rounded up a professional team of twenty two recruited from the clubs in and around Philadelphia.
From Philadelphia, the Englishmen went to Boston and headed home to England around October.
For the New York game, St. George's Club was represented by the foremost exponents of the game - Brewster, Stubberfield, Moeran and Cox for bowling; George Wright and Harry Wright, the great batting duo.
"To say that this game was enjoyed by thousands as a mere matter of athletic support would convey no adequate impression of the excitement which characterized this event," wrote NY Times of the game that commenced on September 17, 1872.
Lines upon lines of people, some three thousand in all, sitting in the grass, the ladies and gentlemen in the pavilion, and the members of the St. George's Club in the clubhouse watched the game with the greatest earnestness from the time the stumps were pitched until they were drawn at sundown.
WG Grace got a thunderous reception upon marching in to bat. Had he been out when on twenty, the game of cricket would have gotten quite a boost. He hit a ball high in the sky and the fielder who ran to catch it had the sun streaming in his eyes and dropped the ball. Mr Grace had the Sun to thank and baseball must have thanked the stars that the Americans missed this opportunity. Even a slightly close match could have made cricket sizzle in USA again.
At the end of the day, Mr. Grace had scored 67 runs and his partner Mr. Ottaway scored 27 and played the admirable bowling of Wright and Brewster very well. In fact, had it not been for the scientific defense, Brewster could have been in the wickets – in the event, he bowled 26 overs and had no less than thirteen maidens.
In the morning, St. George won the toss and decided to bat. The English team comprising Grace, Ottaway (wicketkeeper), Appleby and Rose (bowlers), Fitzgerald, A Lubbock and E Lubbock, Francis, Harrow, Harris, Pickering, and Hornby.
While Appleby had round-arm action, Rose had underarm action. Grace impressed with his fielding as he prowled around like a cat and caught two batsmen within 3 to 4 yards of the wicket.
H Wright and Brewster opened the bowling for the Americans. Brewster started with 4 maidens. When Grace sent a full pitch to the squareleg fence for a 6, things started to fall in place.
After two singles, he sent another one over the square leg, this time for a six. Then, he followed it up with a four.
The scoring went on and on and when the stumps were drawn on day one, the Englishmen were 102 for no loss with Grace on 67 (3X6, 1X4) and Ottaway on 27.
On day two, it rained so much in the morning that many of the twenty two did not show up on time. By 12 noon, the sun was shining brightly and the game resumed. Grace sent an easy catch to Brewster at short slip. The ball was slippery and wet and while it slipped on the ground giving the batsmen a hard time, they also got some lives because fielders could not hold on to some easy catches. The Englishmen ended their innings on 249.
When the Americans came to bat in the second innings, they appeared to be thirty for runs and for as long as the Wright brothers were on the ground, things looked good. In the end, the 23 that the brothers scored was more than the 44 that their side ended with. The American Twenty Two lost to the English twelve by an innings and 139 runs.
The American bowling and fielding were first rate but their batting was found by NY Times to suffer from "want of practice" and the batsmen did not pull their weight.
WG Grace started off impressively but ended rather tamely on the American tour.
His first match against New York XXII of St. George's Club yielding 68 runs and eleven wickets for 8 runs. At Philadelphia, he had a torrid time scoring 14 and 7 and getting twenty wickets for 68 runs. At Boston, he got 26 and thirteen wickets for 35 runs.
What is interesting is that the Americans had shown some improvement and lost the second and third matches by 3 and 4 wicket margins.
1874: A G Spalding, now a pitcher for Red Stockings, led a tour of American baseballers to England. The Boston Red Stockings and Philadelphia Athletics baseball tour blended cricket matches against local teams in between the exhibition matches. Even though a lot of these matches were against inferior teams, the Americans beat their opponents easily. Following this tour, the National Association wound down and the National Baseball League was formed.
1874: In 1874, in a match at Northwood, a Mr Collins made 338 runs in a little over three overs, which is marvelously rapid scoring. And in a match played between two elevens at Earls Heaton in 1875, one side was disposed of in 17 minutes without scoring at all. In another match between Bow and Chalcott, the man who went in first scored 24 and no one else scored. He carried the bat.
In the spring of 1874, Captain NW Wallace of the 60th Rifles was garrisoned in Nova Scotia. Captain Wallace was a cricketer and thought cricket in Halifax would not be such a bad idea. So he invited Canada to provide a Canadian XI to play the officers of the garrison (the English XI). Although he invited Philadelphia, Boston, St. Louis and New York, only Philadelphians sent a team. This team beat Boston during a stop-over. In St. John (New Brunswick province of Canada), they had a scheduled cricket match but ended up playing baseball with a local baseball team which they beat handily.
Upon reaching Halifax, cricket was a distant second priority to lavishly arranged hospitality. In the event, they beat Canada and English Officers by an innings and lifted the first Halifax Cup. This competition continued for a full 50 years and the last Cup competition was played in 1924.
1875: USA versus Canada cricket matches started again with United States winning in 1875. They continued their form by defeating a visiting eleven of British officers from the garrisons of Halifax and Bermuda.
1875: In this year U Penn students not only participated in matches between classes, but also formed a varsity eleven which played a few minor matches. Record keeping during the late 1870s was spotty, but there is evidence that a varsity eleven played every season; opponents included Haverford College, Columbia University, Penn alumni, and the St. George's eleven of New York City. By 1877, after the creation of Penn's Athletic Association, students had organized a Cricket Club as well as class teams and a varsity team. There is evidence that Penn's professional schools sometimes formed their own teams as well; for example, in 1893 the Law School defeated the College by a score of 202 to 74.
Under the captaincy of JY Soutter, twelve Americans played at Hoboken with twelve Englishmen under the captaincy of CW Bance. The Englishmen played for local clubs, but were born in England.
Among those who watched was Mr. Dodsworth, 90 years old. Soon after noon, the match began with Soutter and Jenkins opening for America. Soutter kept his wicket up until he scored 30. Jenkins, of Manhattan Cricket Club, was caight by Gilbert when the score was 19 with his individual score was 13.
Jones, the English bowler got a hat trick. This would have fetched him a new hat had he been playing for his club eleven. The American innings ended with 86on the board. The English twelve were disposed off by the fine bowling of Soutter and Sprague for just 22. At 5:30, the English team was batting again with the score on 37 for 3.
1876: By 1876, the famous Victoria Cricket Club was founded on the west coast of Canada. Other teams were formed in the Prairie Provinces, Alberta and British Columbia in the footsteps of the North West Cricket Club (Winnipeg) and Victoria CC. The game was now beginning to take a strong hold west of Ontario and the sport was being played throughout Canada.
1876: When the National Baseball League was launched in 1876, most of the players and the grounds men were drawn from cricket. Indeed two of the baseball pioneers, Harry Wright and AG Spalding both of whom founded sporting goods firms that are still in business.
1877: A.G. Spalding was a great pitcher in his own right, and led Boston to their four consecutive National Association titles before going to Chicago in Hulbert's contractural coup of 1876. Hulbert's offer was a $500 raise and the promise of a quarter of the White Stockings' gate receipts. Spalding won 47 games that year and Hulbert took the inaugural NL title. However, just after the start of the 1877 season, Spalding stopped pitching to become a full-time promoter and businessman. He opened a sporting goods business, with an $800 loan from his mother, which got its start by manufacturing baseballs and cricket equipment. Spalding paid the National League to use his balls, so that he might advertise them as the "official" league ball.
1877: The Seabright Lawn Tennis and Cricket Club, the oldest tennis club in the U.S. (founded 1877) was at that time a cricket club too. This club always prided itself on doing things right. Because the best turf came from England, the founding fathers imported Seabright's first sod from across the Atlantic. Over the years, they also imported the best amateurs in the world to play in their invitation tournaments at Rumson, along the North Jersey shore.
1877: At Haverford, cricket continued to thrive. "For us cricket is the national game," a student wrote. A new cricket ground was dedicated in 1877 and in 1878 Haverford defeated Penn with Haverford cricket's founder, William Carvill, then 84, on hand to watch the proceedings. A local scribe felt that Penn-Haverford cricket would become a "fashionable event," similar to Oxford-Cambridge cricket.
The first Australian team to tour Canada arrived under the captaincy of Dave Gregory. It included such greats as Charlie Bannerman, Fredrick Spofforth, W. L. Murdoch and John MacBlackham. In a match played at Montreal, Bannerman scored 125. A big hitter, he made 165 retired hurt in the first test match at Melbourne in 1877.
September 9, 1878: The Aussies arrive on the world scene but eat humble-pie in USA.
Aussies beat MCC including WG Grace in 4.5 hours. MCC was bowled twice in one day. This was a full strength Aussie team comprising Spofforth, the Bannermans, Murdoch, Boyle and Blackham.
Demon Bowler FR Spofforth was unplayable.
And our Grace after dinner did not score a run.
The touring Australians will stop in New York and Philadelphia on their way back to their homeland from their motherland.
The stars of cricket would have their settings as well as their risings. Mr. WG Grace seems to the one that is seeing his skill on the wane. He has not displayed the same unvarying skill as shown in the former seasons but it is only fair to admit that there was nothing more exciting than watching him go in first and come out last in the Gentlemen vs Players match in the Oval. As was said of him at the time he visited USA a few years before: "To see him tap the ball gently to the off for one, draw it to the on for two, pound it to the limits for four and drive it beyond the most distant long-leg for six, looks as easy as rolling off a log." Although his batting average for the present year is considerably lower than the last year. He still has the highest ever, and without doubt, remains the finest cricketer in the world. But it is a question whether he or anyone else has ever equaled the feat of his brother at Canterbury in 1862. On that occasion the latter played on an emergency for the Gentlemen of Kent against the Marylebone cricket Club. He went in first, scored 192 not out and got every wicket in the second inning.
The Australians land in the City of Richmond about the 25th of September. The day after their arrival, they play 18 men selected from the St. George's, Staten Island, and Manhattan Clubs on the St. George Ground, Hoboken. If the game is completed in two days, there will be a single cricket game played on the third day. From this city, they will go to Philadelphia and from there to San Francisco.
The Australians were the first overseas team to visit USA in nearly 6 years. Before the tour, The American Cricketer carried a prediction that USA would have to field 69 men instead of 18 to defeat the Aussies.
In New York, the Australians were surprised with the robustness of the American attack. New York's Ed Sprague bowled his trademark dewskimmers which troubles the Aussies so badly that they were reeling at 32 for 7 in their first innings at one point. Americans were surprised by their team's strong showing!
In Philadelphia, things were even better. Philadelphia, for the first time, fielded an eleven instead of eighteen, in defiance of The American Cricketer's sarcastic comment.
Walter Newhall put up a 84 run stand and the Philadelphians nearly enforced a follow-on on the Australians. Philadelphia still led the visitors by 46 runs in the first innings.
Of course, Australians recovered in the second innings and nearly inflicted a defeat on the hosts but a lengthy dispute over an umpiring decision ate into the time available for the Aussies. This match played on October 3rd, 4th and 5th of 1878 was the first international drawn game in USA. Australians apologized for their walk-out some days later. There being no rules of forfeiture, they saved themselves the embarrassment of a forfeited match which would have been USA's first international win!
Whatever the circumstances, the Philadelphian Eleven had set an example with their spirited performance and this game ignited the spark for cricket all across the state and won over more than a few young men to the game.
This also gave them the confidence that saw them defeat the visiting Ireland team in 1879. In 1885, they defeated the English side led by Rev ET Thornton in the first of the two match series. It wasn't until 1896 that the Philadelphians defeated Australians in the last of three matches. In fact, the Australians came back with a vengeance the following year when the toured USA again. They bowled New York out for 25 runs and in Philadelphia, which again hoped to enforce a draw, Bonner and Massie scored the 53 runs they needed in under 40 minutes.
Here is a description of how keen the contest was before it ended in a draw due to light.
The openers, John Hargreaves and Francis Brewster started the American second innings on a cautious note, but Brewster fell in the second over to Allan for a duck. T Hargreaves joined John Hargreaves at the crease and the two took the score to 17 before John was stumped by Blackham while on 7. Robert the hero of 84 runs on Thursday did not stay for too long and was out for a duck. Meanwhile, his partner Thomas Hargreaves was also disposed of through some excellent stumping. D Newhall had joined his brother before Robert was caught by Balley with the score reading 19 for 4. Dan Newhall's wicket too was claimed through stumping at 12:35PM by the wicketkeeper but the umpire turned the appeal down.
The Australians walked out of the field and did not return until an hour later. There being no rules against forfeiture, play recommenced at 1:50 PM with Dan Newhall and Caldwell at the bat and the score standing at 22 for 4. Dan gave an easy catch to Boyle off Spofforth with 7 runs to his credit. George Newhall came in next and added a couple of runs with the score on 37 for 6. A recess was taken for dinner at this stage.
By 3:35PM, the Philadelphia innings was over with just 53 on the board. Spofforth and Allan had shared 5 wickets each.
Aussies came to bat at 3:38 PM with just a 3 minute break. They needed 99 runs to win the match and they had until 5PM to make them. At 4:05PM with 55 minutes left in the game, the score was 32 for 2. At 4:31 PM, they needed 59 runs from 29 minutes. It was now a race against time. Americans sent Dan Newhall to bowl and he did a splendid job. The batsmen scored just 1 run in the next 5 overs. They ended the day with 56 for 4.
When the Australians walked off the field after an umpiring decision went against them, only to return an hour later and continue the game, it left a very bad impression on the cricketers and residents of Philadelphia. Enough time was lost for the contest to end in a draw.
A few days later, John Conway, the manager of the Australian team wrote to some players asserting that the cause of the conduct of the Australian team was the 'outrageous' umpiring decisions by the American umpire, Mr. Brown.
NY Times wrote that the Philadelphia cricketers were now much better disposed towards their antagonists.
Hitherto the one greatest obstacle to the popularizing of this sport in America has been the tedious delays incident to the way of playing the game customary with our English resident cricketers. The adage that "time is money" governs the American people in every phase of their national life, and in nothing so much as in the character and nature of their sports and pastimes.
In England, where there is a large class of unemployed people, who, with wealth at their command, find time hang heavy on their hands, the style of playing the game of cricket so as to absorb as much of their surplus of leisure time as possible, commends itself as an attractive feature.
But in America, where the drones of the country are decidedly in the minority, and the busybees of the country find little time to devote to recreation, the game that most economizes time will naturally become popular.
The delays incident to cricket that we especially refer do not belong to the game itself so much as to the loose observance of the rules. So the one thing necessary to remove this obstacle to the popularity of cricket is to insure a strict observation of the written laws of the game.
A feature that commends the game of cricket as a field sport for gentlemen is that it can never be subservient to the evil influences of the class of gambling "sports" who have brought such odium of late years on the national game of baseball. This together with the fact that it can be played with success at a much later period of life than any other game of ball admits of, gives it an advantage no other field sport possesses.
The past season of cricket in America was one of the liveliest enjoyed for several years past, the visit of the Australian cricketers being the primary cause; and as three foreign teams are likely to visit the States and Canada this coming season, the outlook is even more favorable for a busy season than ever before. The event of 1878, was the contest in Philadelphia, in October, between the "crack" Australian 11 and an 11 of young American cricketers, and the success of the latter – for a drawn match with such a team was a success – was such as to impart to future contests of the kind an interest they have never before possessed.
In this city of New York, too, better cricket was shown by our local teams last October in their match with the Australians than was ever shown before in this city by a local or New York team.
The game at the St. George's Cricket Club was a one-sided affair. When play began on day two, L Hone and S Shultz faced the bowling of C Newhall and A E Sprague. Newhall caught Hone and England were 242 for 6. Shultz fell very soon to Sprague after adding one run. Newhall sent De Coursey Forbes for a 'duck egg' with the score at 247. After 25 minutes of rather brisk work, the Englishmen were all out for 253.
The American second innings began on a dismal note and soon were reeling at 8 for 2. Bob Newhall came next and hit Lane's first ball for a six! Bob was going strong until he lost his bat and was stumped when the score read 36 for 6. Several wickets had fallen at the other end in progression. The remaining batsmen added another 19 runs to this score after lunch before the American second innings ended for 55 handing the Englishmen a huge victory.
They played an exhibition game and were to be entertained at Delmonico's before sailing to England the next day.
1879: Four years passed since the previous contest between USA and Canada. This year saw the contest become more regular and USA won back to back until 1884. By that year, Canadians had not tasted victory in 27 years!
1880: In the summer of 1880, the first team to leave Canadian shores journeyed to England under the captaincy of Thomas Dale. The tourists were not considered to be official by local authorities and in addition, the side ran into several problems. Dale was arrested during the match against Leicestershire and accused of being a deserter from the British Army. The Rev. T. D. Phillips sailed from Canada and took control of the team, but unfortunately the tour collapsed and the hapless Canadians returned home.
A cricket match between twelve Englishmen, both amateur and professionals, and twelve American amateurs, commenced in Germantown Cricket Club at Nicetown on a soggy turf.
Americans batted first and Law played very well. Coming in with the score at 13 for 3, he played a neatly compiled innings of 54 runs mostly from singles and twos. He was the last man out.
At 3:45, the Englishmen sent Bromhead and Brooks to bat. Bromhead was caught by D Newhall with the score on 11. Brooks added another 8 runs with Smith and was caught at leg by Moore with the score on 19. Tyers joined Smith and the two settled in. When play ended for the day, the score was 45 with Smith on 16 and Tyers on 18.
On October 7, Tyers was bowled by Law without adding to his overnight score. Smith went on to score 27 before he was caught at mid off by Law. The score was 59 for 4. Patterson batted neatly to make 17 and Kessler a well earned 26. Giles carried his bat for 4 and the total for the English Innings was 120.
The Americans went in for their second inning and quickly lost 4 wickets with just 5 on the board.
RS Newhall and JR Moore coming in with the score on 5 for 4 tried to build the innings and added 44 runs together before Newhall was caught brilliantly by Patterson for 24. Moore joined by Clark kept going after the ball until he gave an easy catch on 19. D Newhall scored 20 and by the time the last wicket fell, the Americans put up 86. The total lead was 64 and the time was now 4:55PM.
The Englishmen lost 5 wickets for just 10 runs in the first half hour. With darkness looming, bad light was called and stumps were drawn. The match thus ended in a draw. Americans fought well on this day against their English opponents.
Picture and archive credits: Not a word on USA cricket can be written without acknowledging Tom Melville, P David Sentance, Amar Singh, and Deb Das. We are grateful to them for their terrific books and fine articles which provide in-depth and insightful commentary. What we have done here is merely constructed a timeline. Also fascinating are the rich histories available via UPenn and Haverford + Bryn Mawr Archives. Canadian cricket pictures were obtained from the provincial government archives.
Most of all, we relied on NY Times archives as well as our own collection of books and magazines that we were fortunate to obtain when the KA Auty Library was auctioned off by the Ridley College in Ontario.
We depended on New England colleges for history of college cricket, especially Yale, Dartmouth, and Harvard archives. Of course, Wikipedia is among the most extensive sources these days. Pictures are presumed to be out of copyright owing to their antiquity. Copyright for this compilation contained here belongs to dreamcricket.com and reprinting is permitted with proper acknowledgement and link back.
Scorecards were licensed from Cricket Archive.


In addition to the services aimed at businesses and professionals working within the Network, the Network in turn has a responsibility to society.
Science and Technology are constructed by and for society in the sense that a society that is able to understand, use and make decisions about Science and Technology is a society with a brighter future. The Network of Technology Parks in Euskadi, as a public entity, has a duty of transparency and of transferring and sharing its activities for the promotion of Science and Technology.
• Collaboration with agents involved in education and the sharing of Science and Technology (Elhuyar, University of Deusto, Ikastolen Elkartea, the Department of Education, the Regional Council and more).
• Science and Technology Workshop Day in collaboration with companies from the Network of Technology Parks in Euskadi and Emakunde.


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Suitable for dwellings up to 25 years old, of conventional construction and in an apparently reasonable state of repair.
More detailed than the Condition Report.
Suitable for dwellings of conventional construction and in an apparently reasonable state of repair.
Suitable for most dwellings regardless of age or condition.


Machine tool testing is an essential phase of activity of machine tool development to ensure accuracy, productivity, safety and reliability of machine tools. The basic function of a machine tool is to produce a workpiece of the required size, geometric form and surface texture at, as high rate of production as is economically viable. Machine testing allows us to evaluate the parameters which affect the quality and cost of the manufacturing system output.
This project started as a part of the Next Generation Precision Grinder development (NGPG) project at IIT Madras, led by Prof Ramesh Babu, where we wanted to compare the machine accuracy and performance of a state of the art machine with the best available from a typical Indian grinding machine tool manufacturer. There was a need for a systematic methodology to enable us to characterize each machine to be able to compare what made the machine different and establish a cause-effect relationship between the grinding inputs, process, and the component output achieved on each machine.
It was found that the old method of checking the sub-assembly quality in the Indian machine tool manufacturer's company was purely geometric and moreover, the testing of accuracy of complete machine was not traceable to international standards. Functional, dynamic and thermal aspects of errors in a machine tool were not comprehensively considered. These are important for the accurate functioning of a machine tool and hence, there was a need to measure these sources of errors and their influence on the component quality through the grinding process.
On analysing the service report data, it was found that more than 70% of the failures in the last 2 years were due to failure in machine peripheral components which are bought from other Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and then integrated into the machine. Therefore, a comprehensive methodology for reliability testing was the need of the hour to reduce the incidences of machine failures on the field.
2 Quantifiable Parameters Define the quantifiable characteristic which correlate to the design intent; which can be measured and the results linked to design intent.
Further, the testing was to be customized appropriately for both new product development (prototype machines) vs. machines under general production. For e.g. a new product would require more extensive validation process under different conditions and long-term in production reliability testing, while a general production machine would require less intensive testing and focussing more on the critical sub-systems or those more prone to failure.
The tests required and the protocols followed were to be adaptable, based on the critical design intent and the failures reported from the field – it was to be ensured that critical parameters that affect component quality during grinding are validated for every machine based on the machine and the application. Any functional system or a machine quality parameter that has not yet been stabilized within the machine building process, hence having a degree of uncertainty, must be measured and steps taken to improve its stability and repeatability. Based on the results of such testing, appropriate design and assembly process modifications should be undertaken till the quality parameters become stable as a result of the process.
Initially, we would develop a full-machine testing protocol. Then, based on the sub-system under study, we would further define a detailed test procedure for that sub-system.
Responsible for identifying the tests to be conducted – researched various standards – ISO 2433 and ISO 230 series.
Documentation of the testing procedure and analysis of results.
The project at IIT Madras was collaborative in nature. We worked together to identify the tests along with AMTTF.
At MGTL, for the development of the protocol, I worked with a colleague.
Implementation of the protocol was again a collaborative effort, with a cross functional team from design, quality, assembly and application departments.
We now have a testing team consisting of 3 members within the company.
To understand the design intent in a grinding machine tool and to know how the machine tool contributes to the grinding process, a system based understanding of a grinding system as we all detailed knowledge about the grinding process was required which was gained by the Workshop on Grinding Technologies conducted by Dr Subramanian, STIMS Institute, USA. We also referred books such as Handbook of machining with grinding wheels – Marinescu et. al. and Grinding Technology – Malkin and Guo.
We also needed to learn about machine tool design and assembly, which was primarily learnt through in-house training sessions and by observation of the machine manufacturing and assembly process at the machine tool manufacturer.
For the methods of testing and the acceptable values, we referred various ISO standards, primarily ISO 230 series and ISO 2433 series and developed the methodology for the tests in consultation with Advanced Machine Tool Testing Facility (AMTTF).
A testing procedure was developed for machine validation once the machine is completely built including all the tests given in ISO 2433 plus a few more, developed in-house based on the machine features.
A setup was established for automated reliability and function testing for all machines being manufactured – the temperature data at different locations of the machine, the axis growth and alarm information (in case the machine stops due to some error) are logged automatically. This has improved the confidence in the machines performing reliably on the field and has also resulted in a decrease in the in-warranty issues being faced at the customer end.
We have established the testing protocol for full machine verification and we are working on developing test protocols for subsystems – primarily the linear axes and the spindles.


Beautiful rustic 5 bedroom finca, ideal for horse lovers. The property is distributed over 3 levels comprising, on the main floor: 3 bedrooms, bathroom, loungediner with fireplace, kitchen with dining area and fireplace, guest cloakroom, covered and uncovered terraces. On the same level is the patio with washing area, sitting area, barbecue, wood oven and pool. Bedroom four is on the lower floor and the master bedroom with dressing area is on the top floor. The property is being sold with 7 mares, 4 PRE males and a REGA livestock holding register and is set up for breeding PRE horses. The plot is completely walled with tarmac driveway and access via a motorised sliding wooden gate. Mains sewerage and a 150,000 litre well for water supply. It also has a water distribution network, with intakes, automated troughs and decalcification system.


text:
Companies Featured
Huawei Signs a Memorandum of Understanding with the People's Bank of China (PBoC)
Innovations in China are taking center stage, with many firms now focusing their attention on venturing off into the blockchain space. For Huawei, a giant telecommunication firm based in China, inking a deal with China Central bank speaks volumes for its firm.
Per a post on its social media platform, Huawei has just signed a memorandum of understanding with the Digital Currency Research Institute of the People's Bank of China (PBoC). Although details of their partnership are not out, per the post on WeChat, parties have agreed to work on researching innovations in the fintech sector in regards to the financial technology.
Besides that, nothing else was disclosed by the parties. Yifei Fan vice President of PBoC presided over the signing ceremony at Huawei headquarters during his visit. Although the deal signed was a low key event, for Huawei being the first firm to be publicly mentioned to be working with PBoC Digital Currency Research Institute marks a huge milestone. However, Huawei also walked out with another deal. The agreement was signed after Fan visited Huawei exhibition during the 20th China Financial Development Forum.
Huawei Also Signed another Deal
While the highlight of the moment was on the collaboration between Huawei and PBoC on their financial technology research initiative, Huawei also signed another deal with a subsidiary under PBoC. The latter subsidiary is China National Clearing Center, and just like in the case of PBoC, Huawei has teamed up with CNCC to research developments coming out from the crypto space. However, the above initiatives will come in handy at complementing Huawei blockchain-based projects.
Working with the Central Bank on how technology will impact innovations in the financial world will help Huawei in deploying its projects. The Digital Currency Research Institute was set up in 2017 and had been focusing its research on fintech and blockchain space. With Huawei having different projects in the same sector, their partnership will help navigate challenges in the industry.
Some of its projects include Caliper, a Hyperledger joint project, and Blockchain Service, its blockchain as a service platform. With both projects based on blockchain technology, Huawei stands to gain a lot from its partnership with PBoC.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
package scala.models.play.files

import io.apibuilder.generator.v0.models.InvocationForm

import scala.models.{Attributes, DateTimeTypeConfig, DateTypeConfig, Play2Models}

object ModelsJson {

  private def implicits(ssd: scala.generator.ScalaService) = Seq(Play2Models.timeImplicits) ++
    (ssd.attributes.dateTimeType match {
      case DateTimeTypeConfig.JodaDateTime => Seq(Play2Models.jodaDateTimeImplicits)
      case _ => Nil
    }) ++
    (ssd.attributes.dateType match {
      case DateTypeConfig.JodaLocalDate => Seq(Play2Models.jodaLocalDateImplicits)
      case _ => Nil
    })

  def contents(form: InvocationForm): String = {
    val scalaService = scala.generator.ScalaService(form.service, Attributes.PlayGen2DefaultConfig.withAttributes(form.attributes))
    val imports = scala.models.JsonImports(form.service)
    val gen = scala.models.Play2Json(scalaService)

    s"""
      package ${scalaService.namespaces.models}

      package object json {

        import play.api.libs.json.{__, JsString, Writes}
        import play.api.libs.functional.syntax._

        ${implicits(scalaService).mkString("\n")}

        ${imports.mkString("\n")}

        ${gen.generateEnums()}
        ${gen.generateModelsAndUnions()}

      }
    """
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Allonby Bay is a crescent-shaped bay of the Solway Firth on the north-western shore of Cumbria, England. The bay is  across. Its northern point is at Dubmill, between the village of Mawbray and the hamlet of Salta, and its southern end is just to the north of Maryport, near the village of Crosscanonby. The B5300 coast road follows the shoreline of Allonby Bay, running between Silloth in the north and Maryport in the south.

As an inlet of the Solway Firth, Allonby Bay is also part of the Irish Sea. The bay is named after the village of Allonby, which sits roughly in the centre of the shoreline.

Geography and conservation
Allonby Bay has a  stretch of beach which was awarded the coveted blue flag in 2005. However, following water quality tests in 2012, Allonby Bay was on the verge of losing its blue flag status, which caused much concern in Allonby itself, as the village relies on tourism as a major source of income.

Near the northern end of Allonby Bay is Salta Moss. This area is a designated Site of Special Scientific Interest within the Solway Coast AONB, and includes some rare plant and animal specimens, including the bog bean Menyanthus trifoliata, and Britain's only native venomous snake, the adder.

Several streams and becks enter the Solway Firth at Allonby Bay, including many fed by irrigation channels. One such example is the Black Dub, which flows into Allonby Bay at Dubmill.

The Lake District Coast Aquarium in nearby Maryport hosts a variety of aquatic life native to Allonby Bay, and has been a popular tourist attraction in the area since it opened in 1997.

Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty
Allonby Bay is in the Solway Coast Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. It comprises a large part of the AONB's southern section, which runs from just north of the hamlet of Beckfoot to the southern tip of Allonby Bay near Crosscanonby.

Marine Conservation Zone
In 2016, Allonby Bay was made a Marine Conservation Zone. The MCZ covers a  stretch of coast and  of Irish Sea.
The stated objectives of the Zone were to maintain sub-tidal sediments and sands (important spawning and nursery grounds for plaice, skate and thornback rays) as well as the reefs of the honeycomb worm (sabellaria alveolata).

Reefs constructed by honeycomb worms host a variety of other marine life. Allonby Bay, which is at the northern edge of the species´ range, has good examples of such reefs.

As with other Marine Conservation Zones, the initial absence of a management plan caused some concern.
In 2022 Allonby Bay was one of five sites that were proposed by Defra (Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs) as Highly Protected Marine Areas (HPMA).

History
On Salta Moss, a Bronze Age rapier was discovered in the 1980s, and now resides at the Tullie House museum in Carlisle. Archaeological expeditions in and around the small communities along Allonby Bay have found evidence of human activity in the area dating back to the neolithic period.

During Roman times, Allonby Bay was home to several Roman milefortlets, small castles which extended beyond the western end of Hadrian's Wall to defend against incursions across the Solway. Milefortlets 17 to 22 were along the shoreline of the bay, and milefortlet 21 is the best-preserved.

Scottish coastal raids continued to be a problem well after the Romans left the area, however, and as late as the 1550s a man named William Osmotherly of Dubmill Point, near Salta, was taken for ransom in a Scottish raid. A system known as the "seawake" - a night watch along the coast - was created to defend against such incursions.

References

Bays of England
Marine reserves of England
Solway Firth
Landforms of Cumbria

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Home » Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code News
Insolvency law a 'Swachhata drive' against non-performing assets: IBBI chief
Mon, Mar 23, 2020
The "evolving" insolvency law is a kind of "Swachhata drive" to clean up non-performing assets as well as put companies in the hands of capable and credible people, according to IBBI chief M S Sahoo
Ministry mulling threshold for homebuyers to trigger insolvency against realtors
Mon, Oct 14, 2019
In a move to limit the abuse of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), the Corporate Affairs Ministry is mulling the setting of a threshold for homebuyers for starting insolvency proceedings against real estate developers, Corporate Affair Secretary Injeti Srinivas said on Monday.
Modi govt empowers Homebuyers! Top 10 points about the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2019
PM Narendra Modi led NDA government notched up yet another success in Parliament. The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (Amendment) Bill, 2019 was passed by Parliament on Thursday.
Can't payback loan? Expect waiver up to Rs 60,000 after elections, like farmers!
If all goes well, individuals, who can't repay loan up to Rs 60,000, may soon qualify for a debt waiver, like farmers!
Major issues in IBC to be resolved in 2-3 yrs: IBBI chief
With an objective to ease out the various issues, the Central government and IBBI has been undertaking a series of consultations and discussions and also invited comments and suggestions from all stakeholders.
Changed insolvency norms by April next to speed up process
Sun, Apr 21, 2019
The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) is in the process of being changed to be effective from the next fiscal to accommodate the fast-changing creditor-debtor scenario.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code: Lenders invoke IBC norms to keep stressed assets in NCLT
Fri, Apr 19, 2019
Banker's are confident that stressed assets referred to NCLT will continue to face bankruptcy proceedings as IBC clearly states such referral even if there is one day delay or default by any entity.
Financial, operational creditors recover nearly half of total claims in 88 insolvency cases
Mon, Apr 15, 2019
Nearly half of their total admitted claims worth over Rs 1.42 lakh crore have been recovered by financial and operational creditors from as many as 88 debt-ridden companies under the insolvency law, according to official data.
SC upholds constitutional validity of Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
The court, however, said that related parties in the act should mean a person connected with the business.
Delays beyond 270 days at NCLT cost banks Rs 4,000 cr in Foregone interest: Report
The inordinate delays beyond the 270-day deadline under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) have cost the lenders to the first 'dirty list' of 12 large defaulters a whopping Rs 4,000 crore in interest income foregone, according to an Icra report.
Trade war will help India emerge as bigger trading, manufacturing base: Arun Jaitley
Finance Minister Arun Jaitley Friday said the ongoing global trade war may have created "initial instability", but will gradually open up opportunities for India to emerge as a bigger trading and manufacturing base.
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code updates: Soon, IBC in border areas, new law for registered valuers?
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code updates: Corporate affairs secretary Injeti Srinivas today said the evolving insolvency and bankruptcy law can be extended to cross-border assets.
Resolutions were needed at any cost: Union Bank of India MD and CEO Rajkiran Rai
Mon, Jul 23, 2018
Union Bank of India MD and CEO told DNA Money that resolutions were needed at any cost and that all fresh lending only happens after the promoter puts in his equity. Gold-plating or disguising bank funds as promoter equity is now history.
Homebuyers vs builders: Will good news for common man come this week? Find out
Homebuyers are likely to be granted the financial creditor's status, placing them right after banks in the hierarchy under waterfall mechanism for liquidation. This is likely to bring relief to the thousands of homebuyers who are fighting a legal battle against builders over non-completion of projects.
Resolution of twin balance sheet problem to take 6-9 months, says Assocham
Assocham also said the process of resolution of the companies under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) reference would gather pace in the coming months. Twin balance sheet problem refers to the stress on balance sheets of banks due to non-performing assets (NPAs) or bad loans on the one hand, and heavily indebted corporates on the other
Monnet Ispat lenders may take 64 pct haircut
Wed, Apr 11, 2018
All formalities relating to the resolution has to be completed by the deadline of April 13. According to a source in the know, the deal is likely to be around Rs 3,750 crore, of which close to Rs 2,750 crore could be in cash and remaining could be in equity.
Warning! Credit card companies can drag you to court for unpaid bills, loans as small as Rs 10,000
The central government is considering bringing individuals as well as partnership firms under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC). So far, only corporate debtors can face the bankruptcy proceedings initiated by the banks. "We are recommending that it (amount in case of individual loans) should be made Rs 10,000," said Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) Secretary Injeti Srinivas.
Property market in India: Big problem for homebuyers; check out why they must worry
The 14-member committee formed to review the IBC, in its report submitted to the government last week, has recommended the financial creditor (FC) tag for home buyers. According to the government sources, home buyers may be given a separate grade in waterfall mechanism under section 53 of the code. Waterfall mechanism refers to the order of priority in which the proceeds from the sale of liquidation assets are distributed
Insolvency law committe to finalise report this month for proposed amendments to Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code
Insolvency Law: The basic structure of the IBC will not be disturbed and "targeted amendments" will be carried out. It would also address all "unintended consequences" with respect to implementation of this law, the official said. Without elaborating on the proposed changes, the official said there would be "something for home buyers also".
Indian infrastructure makes steady progress, creates investment climate
As we approach the end of quarter one of calendar year 2018, it is a good time to take stock of changes in Indian infrastructure this year. 2018 is a year that has started with the promise of significant asset price volatility globally.


Dr. Bowers's research concentrates on the interactions between plants, herbivores, pollinators and natural enemies and how environmental variation (both natural and anthropogenic) affects these interactions. Her research combines field, greenhouse and laboratory work to investigate these interactions from many perspectives, including behavior, evolution, ecology, physiology and chemistry. This research has its roots and context in attempts to understand how plant-insect-pollinator-natural enemy interactions evolve and are maintained. Dr. Bowers's research is concentrated in the following areas: multitrophic interactions; factors affecting variation in plant secondary chemistry and how this affects other organisms; the effects of human disturbance on native and introduced plant and insect populations; effects of human agriculture and disturbance on native insect communities; biological control of invasive plants.
Lect. and lab. Introduction to evolution, ecology, physiology, and behavior of insects. Emphasizes how insects have solved problems, such as maintaining water balance or finding food, that are shared by all animals but for which there may be unique solutions among the insects. Agricultural and human health problems relative to entomology are discussed. Uses animals and/or animal tissues. Recommended prerequisites: EBIO 1210 and EBIO 1220 and EBIO 1230 and EBIO 1240 (minimum grade C-). Same as EBIO 5660.
All first year EBIO graduate students are required to attend the EBIO Colloquia Series. Speakers from around the world and within the department cover topics in all areas of biology. May be repeated up to 2 total credit hours.
Lect. and lab. Introduction to evolution, ecology, physiology, and behavior of insects. Emphasizes how insects have solved problems, such as maintaining water balance or finding food, that are shared by all animals but for which there may be unique solutions among the insects. Agricultural and human health problems relative to entomology are discussed. Uses animals and/or animal tissues. Same as EBIO 4660.


The number of people who are diet and weight illiterate is staggering, even among highly educated individuals. To make matters worse, this degree of ignorance and confusion is intentionally and carefully maintained and perpetuated by the media and commercial interests.
Libraries full of books have been written on this subject, but in my opinion, many of them are inaccurate. They may contain good information, but the 10 percent of misinformation or missing information in them completely upturns and invalidates the 80 or 90 percent that is accurate. There are some good resources out there, but they are too often drowned out by the hype of diet propaganda and the latest fad. The ideas exposed in the following few pages will be different. Herein, you will gain a basic understanding of what to eat and how to eat healthy.
As a general rule, I believe we should eat and drink in the approximate proportions our bodies are comprised. There is a reason nature made us this way. Common sense says that since we are 70 percent water, 70 percent of our daily meal weight should consist of water and/or foods that are mostly water, like vegetables. We are 18 to 20 percent fat, so we should eat 18 to 20 percent healthy fats during the day. We are about 10 to 15 percent proteins, so that should determine our intake; we should have a little less protein than fats, but proteins are still very important. Carbs should make up very little of the diet, as there are only a few tablespoons of sugar in the whole body. For this reason, these should be eaten only sporadically, and rarely should we drink them.
I am definitely opposed to the obsessive-compulsive labeling of foods into one of the three major categories: proteins, fats, or carbs. Most natural foods, as well as artificial ones, contain all three in various amounts. Artificial foods may harbor a bit more imbalance, but that is beside the point.
The point is that because of this obsessive classification, Americans mistakenly believe food falls into only one category. Many will tell you eggs are protein, cheese is fat, and beans are carbs. The truth is far more complicated. The problem is that these faulty, preconceived classifications and labeling influence major decisions on how and what to eat for a lifetime. In actuality, eggs contain far more than protein, and cheese contains other elements in addition to fat. They simply cannot be simplified that way. Many foods are alive and have and carry information, enzymes, life force, probiotics and prebiotics, vitamins, minerals, and many other food components; they are very complex foods.
My advice is to stop thinking in terms of proteins, fats, and carbs, except for some occasional argument and academic reasons.
Think in more practical terms, natural, live food versus fake, artificial, dead, manmade food. Think in terms of organic versus GMO, raw versus cooked, heated, and destroyed food. This is what is really important, not what category a label or mistaken common thinking throws a food into. The proportion of proteins and fats will naturally take care of itself when we eat mostly raw, organic, natural foods.
Cooking food destroys 40-90 percent of it's' nutrition. Cooked and chemicalized, fake food is foreign and toxic to the body.
It is not advisable to count calories or even to worry too much about them. This does not mean we should ignore portion control. On the contrary, we should make sure we are eating food in small amounts, much smaller portions than we think. The fact is that human beings can live on a few bread crumbs, fruits, and water for years. Eating is overrated. Most of the time, it is an addiction, not a necessity. Eat like this: Put the portion you think you want on the plate. Now cut it in half, then cut it in half again. This is the amount you should eat.
Think about calories as the energy released when we completely burn proteins, fats, or carbs. The issue is that we don't burn them the same, and almost never completely. We generally burn mostly all carbs, but proteins and fats are more or less incorporated into the body structures. Calories from carbs are, therefore, far more damaging. Since they are not equal, the calorie system should be changed to a more accurate one, adjusting for proteins and fats and their incapacity to be burned completely, as well as the insulin stimulation capacity of each category of nutrients.
The fact that we eliminate solid waste regularly is proof that most calories are not completely burned. Counting calories is not the best way to go about losing weight, nor is it very accurate to what is really going on metabolically. Calories can be a bit of a crutch to lean on to help you monitor portion control, but that is all they should be seen as.
Eating is like many other things in life, a matter of discipline. Similar to finances, we can eat more and borrow from the future. Consider that you are only allowed so much food in your lifetime, and the sooner you eat all that up, the sooner you will die. Eating more daily is borrowing from your future. Therefore, the less food debt you have, the better, as is the case for any debt.
Eat three meals a day, and I do not recommend snacks or second servings. If you crave snacks, you are eating the wrong things at mealtimes, and it could suggest that you are taking in too many carbs in the form of solid food or drinks. Do not drink your sugar calories either.
Just as the body requires energy, it also requires rest. For this reason, I also advocate periodic fasting, times when you do not eat or drink or when you avoid a specific food type. You might decide to try a raw foods-only day, or you could undergo a partial fast or a complete fast for a day or longer. However you fast, it will be good for you. When the fasting period is over, you will feel lighter, more focused, present, and younger. If you feel worse, it may be the result of withdrawal from an addictive food, or it may be that you are very toxic, and some toxins have been stirred up by the fasting process. Regardless, occasional fasting is a good thing.
Fasting was practiced in all ancient civilizations. Even animals fast in order to regain their health.
Warning: You will not be completely vibrant and healthy without fasting. I do not recommend fasting with carbs, aka juice fasting. Fasting should be either complete or relying only on something that does not raise blood sugar much, like tomatoes or avocadoes.
Ninety-five percent of your food should be plant based. People who eat a lot of raw vegetables and legumes, with an accent on the green, leafy ones statistically live longer.
Meat should be consumed twice a week at the most. Eat meat only occasionally and in small quantities, always with vegetables and legumes. It is advisable that any meat you eat comes from free-range, organic farms. Eat fish more often, but it should also be eaten in small quantities. Remember that smaller fish that fit on your plate contain less mercury and toxins.
Cow milk should be avoided, especially unfermented. If you are worried about calcium deficiency, know that you can get plenty of calcium from all plants; the fact that they grow tall is due to their calcium content. Calcium is their skeleton.
Eggs are important, one of the best sources of nutrition. Do not dismiss the fact that an entire organism forms from the egg yolk; this means the incredible, edible egg carries all the ingredients necessary for life. Eat them frequently! Contrary to popular opinion, eggs do not raise cholesterol. Special interest groups try to feed us these myths and false information for their own agendas, but countless medical studies have proven them false. If you want to receive the healthiest benefits of eggs, eat real, whole eggs and not just egg substitutes or egg products.
Eat beans frequently, even daily.
Bread should be avoided, particularly American or industrialized, chemicalized and embalmed bread. Occasionally and very rarely, you can enjoy a bit of real oven Italian bread made from special flour like semolina; this bread has thick, crunchy crust and many holes in the middle. Bread should only be a rare treat, and if you want to be healthy, it is best to go without it.
Flour-based products are not healthy. Whole grain is a no-no, a marketing gimmick, as are products with gluten-free labels. Do not fall for it.
Most people believe losing weight is a matter of diet and exercise, in a 50/50 proportion, but this is also a misconception. Exercise is great for health, but it will not work for losing weight unless you carefully monitor and improve your diet as well. As far as losing weight is concerned, exercise is 1 percent, and diet is 99 percent. You can exercise for hours and wipe out all the benefits in a few bites.
It is best to avoid sweets altogether: no sweets, no molasses, no sweeteners, no sweet meals, no desserts, and no sweetened drinks. As a rare treat, natural honey is acceptable, but even this should be eaten only on special occasions. Especially avoid ice cream, as it is one of the most addictive and unhealthiest of foods.
Eat a few nuts every day, as they are very healthy. Almonds are particularly beneficial.
Chew well! All overweight people eat too fast and gulp down their food. Chewing is part of digestion, the first part of an important process, so chew enough times that the food in your mouth is liquefied, leaving no chunks. Chew thoroughly and take your time, and you will eat less, only what the body requires.
I can't overemphasize this point: Chewing your food properly will help you lose weight. Eating too fast invariably leads to eating too much. People eat too quickly and do not chew their food properly, and this is a universal cause of problems when it comes to healthy weight and weight control. For most foods the number of chews necessary to pulverize and thoroughly mix the food with saliva is like 75-130. Some people advise to chew at least as many times as your age number.
Gulping food too fast and drinking sweet drinks are major causes of obesity.
Note: If a burp comes up towards the end of a meal, stop eating right there because any more food will be too much.
Do not eat when you are emotionally upset or angry, and never when you are stressed or in a rush. Instead, play nice, soft music and enjoy pleasant conversation or no conversation at all. It is difficult to chew well, enjoy the food and keep a conversation in the same time. I recommend you thoroughly enjoy your food! In time, solve all and any psychological issues related to food, including obesity, past trauma, or a need to isolate or protect yourself or hide; food should not be a substitute for emotional relief or comfort.
The more life energy is in the food, the better. Therefore, eat only fresh, natural, organic foods, as close to raw as possible. Cooking, heating, freezing, microwaving, and all processing destroys the nutritional value of food. For example, if you boil a potato and plant it, it will not grow and will only rot! Use only light preparations that can be eaten immediately.
Try not to eat by the clock, on any set schedule. Only eat when you are actually hungry. The average person should eat only three meals a day and avoid snacking between them. Do not eat more often than every four hours. Try to differentiate actual hunger from food cravings. Skip meals when you are upset, but do not skip any in an effort to lose weight. Also, after lunch, for the rest of the day, avoid eating animal proteins.
It is best not to snack at all. As a rare exception, enjoy an apple or a similar fruit that does not taste too sweet.
Do not drink anything other than purified water. If you have a good-quality water ionizer at home, use that most of the time. Be warned that all sweet liquids, including any diet products, will cause you to gain weight, end of story. Occasionally, fresh, organic, home-squeezed juice can be enjoyed. Organic vegetable or fruit juices are sometimes acceptable, and lemon squeezed in water is beneficial.
Learn to manage stress, as stress hormones are known to cause weight gain and premature aging. Bless your food, be grateful and give thanks for it, and do not eat when you are stressed or upset.
Regular exercise is important and should be an integral part of weight management, especially since it will lower insulin resistance. Insulin is the fat storage hormone, and it is released by all sweets and starches. You should exercise at least fifteen minutes a day, to the point of perspiration. Picking up the mail or walking the dog is not considered exercise.
Eat simply and do not mix many foods. In fact, avoid eating more than three different foods at a time. Eat only one starch or protein at a time; for example, do not eat bread and potatoes. Cantaloupe and watermelon should be eaten alone or avoided entirely.
Do not drink milk regularly. Do not mix proteins with starches or sugars, as this creates gas and fermentation. Do not mix proteins with fats, as fats slow the digestion of proteins. Do not eat proteins with fruits or mix vegetables and fruits that grow above ground with those that grow underground. It is best not to mix vegetables or nuts with fruits, but apples and rice are beneficial in combination. Avoid eating breads/grains with cheese or meat; this includes macaroni and cheese. As often as we see it, peas and carrots should not be eaten together.
Eat naturally fermented foods regularly, even daily.
Drink only room-temperature water, a minimum of eight cups a day, including two when you wake up and one thirty minutes before and after each meal. Refrain from drinking any liquids with your meals, including water. Occasionally, it is great to loosen up this rule—or any other rule, for that matter. Do not be too strict and rigid in anything, as this advice should be considered guidelines for healthier living, not torture for miserable living.
All sodas and juice drinks are acidic, and most contain no natural ingredients and are generally toxic for the body. They increase insulin, depress mood, and are very detrimental to anyone seeking to be healthy. They are especially dangerous for addicted individuals.
These are all very high on the glycemic index, are toxic and addictive, and are made from genetically modified (GMO) grains. It is documented that people who eat these suffer more heart attacks, more cancer, and more depression. Overall, eaters of these things are more miserable and overweight, as compared to ones who don't.
It is not surprising that there have been many complaints about these products, as they are all toxic and neurotoxic. The problems with them are endless; research aspartame and its many horrible effects to see for yourself. These are sold with utter disregard for the health of human beings, and in spite of their labels, they ultimately lead to unhealthy weight gain.
Eggs are the most complete of all foods, the very source of a living organism. Enclosed in that little shell is everything necessary to create life, lacking only one vitamin, with everything else perfectly proportioned. On the other hand, egg substitutes offer no building blocks or healing properties. In spite of their lower calorie counts, they are a total waste of money and a detriment to overall health.
Many books have been written and products been made to counteract the rampant occurrence of dairy intolerance and allergies. The simple fact is that cow milk comes from a different species, and they are full of hormones, antibiotics, and chemicals in it as well. Thus, cow's milk is not generally fit for human nourishment.
We don't realize how much sugar we are consuming in just one day, every day. Most sweet drinks, juices, and even some so-called healthy drinks contain anywhere from five to thirteen teaspoons of sugar in each eight-ounce serving. Imagine filling an eight-ounce glass with water, then adding thirteen teaspoons of white sugar to it. Would you drink that?
This is exactly what we are doing when we drink any kind of a sweet soft drink, juice, or sports drink available on the market today. Unfortunately, it is not just drinks that are loaded with sugar or toxic sugar substitutes. Most cereals and packaged foods contain sugar or some form of it, often listed as the first or second ingredient, which means it is the highest-quantity ingredient in the food.
Sugar is used by food companies as a dehydrator or as a preservative. Besides that, sugar gives a great taste and is highly addictive. The following words on a nutritional label may mean sugar and should probably be avoided: glucose, dextrose, fructose, high fructose corn syrup, corn sweetener, corn syrup, dehydrated cane juice, dextrin, fruit juice concentrate, lactose, maltodextrin, malt syrup, maltose, maple syrup, raw molasses, raw sugar, rice syrup, saccharin, sucrose, syrup, erythritol, xylose, and many others. Honey or stevia should only be used occasionally.
Artificial sweeteners are definitely not good for us either. Sorbitol, saccharin, aspartame, sucralose, and many other products, so-called natural ones included, are actually worse for us than sugar itself. Every single one of these artificial sweeteners has been linked to cancer, tumors, and obesity.
Fortunately, in time, once you stop eating sugar, your addiction will eventually disappear, but you must stop your intake of sweets entirely to achieve this. Merely cutting back is similar to having a little less heroin rather than quitting. You cannot overcome any addiction by simply slowing down or cutting back, and sugar and carbs are no exception. Because of the addiction component, the first few days off carbs may feel a bit like detox, but the withdrawal symptoms will quickly disappear.
Sugar and starch are proven to contain morphine-like addictive components. Individuals who are on sugar and carbs crave them all the time. Meanwhile, people who are off sugar don't even miss it. Weaning yourself off sugar and sugar-containing products will cause a change in your weight. Stopping refined carbs altogether will cause a dramatic change in your weight and overall wellbeing.
Don't count calories. They are deceiving.
Eat sugarless, meaning nothing sweet or starchy.
Avoid sweeteners, natural or artificial.
Eat as close to raw food as much as you can.


Join experts from government, military, and industry at the Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA) 2018 Department of Defense Intelligence Information System (DoDIIS) Worldwide Conference. This is the largest Intelligence Community IT conference and this year the theme is "Data as a Weapons System: Revolutionizing Intelligence". Looking forward to seeing you in Omaha!


text:
Staff absence costs more than �1million
SICKNESS among borough employees cost taxpayers in Ipswich a staggering �1.4m last year, it can be revealed today.
The average period of absence per Ipswich Borough Council worker in 2008/09 was 9.31 days - well above the 6.8 day target.
In all, 10,463 days were lost to ill health in the last 12 months - the equivalent to more than 28 years.
Of those, 45 per cent were attributed to long-term sickness (more than 20 days) and 55pc were short term.
Human resource bosses have now launched a review of sickness policies to reduce absence levels.
Measures to remedy the problem include improving methods of managing, reporting and recording absences, and the adoption of a more thorough approach with employees whose sickness levels are deemed unacceptable.
The most significant change is the introduction of the Bradford Points Factor, which is designed to highlight employees who have frequent incidences of absence.
Bosses predict changes in policy will save the council around �350,000 a year.
Borough absence levels reached a peak of an average of 10.22 days per employee in 2006/07 but have since begun to fall. In 2007/08, the figure stood at 9.89 days.
A report presented to the borough's Human Resource committee revealed that in 2008/09, the absence cost per full time equivalent was around �1,300, resulting in lost productivity of �1.4m.
However, the actual loss to the authority is likely to be much higher because the figure does not include the cost of temporary cover or loss in revenues from front line services which may not run as efficiently.
Borough council director Jonathan Owen said: "Our new procedures are driving down absences and that is good news for us and for
council tax-payers.
"A key part of delivering this is promoting positive programmes, such as Fit for Work, which improve health and well-being among our staff and help reduce sickness."
Are you surprised at the figures? Write to Your Letters, Evening Star, 30 Lower Brook Street, Ipswich, IP4 1AN or e-mail eveningstarletters@eveningstar.co.uk


text:
Q: PHP api Need to make strings I have a question about how I can give each output a single string.
My code is:
try {
    $journals = new \Picqer\Financials\Exact\Journal($connection);
    $result   = $journals->get();
    foreach ($result as $journal) {
        echo 'Journal: ' . $journal->Description . '<br>';
    }
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    echo get_class($e) . ' : ' . $e->getMessage();
}

and my output is:
Journal: Kasboek
Journal: Memoriaal
Journal: Activamutaties
Journal: Inkoopboek
Journal: Bank
Journal: Verkoopboek

I want all of the output in a different string so I can export it to my other site of the api. Something like this:
Kasboek = $1 Memoriaal = $2 etc..
Please help me to resolve this
Journal.php
<?php

namespace Picqer\Financials\Exact;

/**
 * Class Journal
 *
 * @package Picqer\Financials\Exact
 * @see https://start.exactonline.nl/docs/HlpRestAPIResourcesDetails.aspx?name=financialJournals
 *
 * @property String $Code BIC code of the bank where the bank account is held
 * @property Int32 $Division Division code
 * @property String $Description Description of BankAccount
 * @property Guid $ID Primary Key
 * @property String $Type Bank account number. Is mandatory for Journals that have Type = Bank
 */
class Journal extends Model
{
    use Query\Findable;
    use Persistance\Storable;

    protected $fillable = [
        'Code',
        'Division',
        'Description',
        'ID',
        'Type',
    ];

    protected $url = 'financial/Journals';
}

A: When you use api. You really should convert your output into json or xml. So from any language you can read it. Change your code as below
try {
    $result = array();
    $journals = new \Picqer\Financials\Exact\Journal($connection);
    $result   = $journals->get();
    foreach ($result as $journal) {
       $result[]= $journal->Description;
    }
    echo json_encode($result);
} catch (\Exception $e) {
    echo json_encode(array(get_class($e) . ' : ' . $e->getMessage()));
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Trypeta scutellata är en tvåvingeart som först beskrevs av Jost Wiedmann 1830.  Trypeta scutellata ingår i släktet Trypeta och familjen borrflugor. Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life.

Källor

Borrflugor
scutellata


text:
Browse articles by keyword:The World's 50 Best Bars
DI's Global Bar Edition launches
Drinks International's Global Bar Edition, which includes the official guide to The World's 50 Best Bars 2020, has launched in digital form.
Connaught triumphs at World's 50 Best Bars
London's Connaught Bar has taken the crown at The World's 50 Best Bars 2020, ending its 10-year wait for the industry's most coveted prize.
The World's 50 Best Bars date announced
The 10th edition of The World's 50 Best Bars awards will take place on Wednesday 3 October 2018 at the Roundhouse in London, UK.
Savoy's American Bar tops The World's 50 Best Bars
The American Bar from London was named World's Best Bar amid a dominant night for hotel bars at The World's 50 Best Bars ceremony in London tonight.
The Warren Column: Tiki's Back- again
Cocktail guru Jan Warren ponders what makes Tiki such an enduring favourite
The Warren Column: Tiki's Back - Again
Cocktail guru Jan Warren ponders what makes tiki such an enduring favourite.
Cocktail Corner: Lime, Sugar and Rum
World's 50 Best Bars academy member, Jan Warren, kicks off the first in a series of cocktail columns with a focus on the Daiquiri
Brands Report 2015: Top Trending
Gin's the thing and it's a boutique bar brand that has got bartenders around the world all fired up.
Brands Report: How we did it
We're proud to say that 38 of The World's 50 Best Bars took part in this survey.
Artesian named The World's 50 Best Bars champion 2014
Artesian at the Langham Hotel has been named the world's best bar for a third consecutive year at Drinks International's World's 50 Best Bars ceremony in London.
Video: The World's 50 Best Bars 2013
The results of The World's 50 Best Bars were announced at a ceremony at One Mayfair in London last week, before a crowd of 500 of the bar industry's leading lights.
World's 50 Best Bars supplement launches online
Drinks International has launched The World's 50 Best Bars 2012 supplement online.
Artesian in the Langham hotel on London's Portland Place is the number one bar in the world, according to Drinks International's The World's 50 Best Bars 2012.


3810 - Ancho. Heart-shaped peppers are 7-10cm (3-4") long with a mildly pungent and slightly sweet taste. In its fresh form (called "poblano") it is a very dark, glossy green and is used roasted and stuffed for rellenos (remove skin after roasting). When reddish-brown and dried (called ancho) it is used to make chili powder and "mole" sauce. Plants produce lots of high quality, dark-green peppers that ripen to red. Matures in 80 days.


Addition Flash Card Games Beautiful Big Math Flash Cards School On the App Store this wallpaper upload by Jeffrey Banks in Preschool Worksheets was upload at December 30, 2018. Addition Flash Card Games Beautiful Big Math Flash Cards School On the App Store from the above resolutions which is part of the Preschool Worksheets. Download this image for free in HD resolution the choice "download button" below. If you do not find the exact resolution you are looking for, then go for a native or higher resolution.
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text:
Hardeeville hires city manager for $90,000
Gwyneth J. Saunders
Robert "Bob" Nanni, 62, has been named Hardeeville city manager after a unanimous vote by City Council on Wednesday during a special executive session.
Nanni's hiring ends a search for a city manager that started when Ted Felder resigned Feb. 1. Nanni will start work Monday going through a transition period with Carey Smith whose contract expires Nov. 30. He will be paid $90,000 annually and have a city-issued vehicle.
Nanni most recently served as chief of operations from 2008-2011 for the Osceola County School District in Florida. Before that, he worked for two years in the private sector managing residential community development districts in Central Florida.
He served from 2002-2006 as assistant county manager for Osceola County and as deputy city manager. He was city manager for the City of Palm Bay, Fla., from 1994-2002 where he was also the public works director from 1991-1994.
Additional experience in the private sector includes work with General Motors, Roadway Express Inc. and NCR Corp.
Nanni is a graduate of Defiance College in Ohio with a bachelor of arts in economics and finance and a master's of science degree in business management from Central Michigan University.
Nanni was born and raised in northeast Pennsylvania. He served four years in the U.S. Air Force. His wife, Jodie, works as an educator. The Nannis have one son, Sam, 15, and one daughter, Carina, 31.
"He has great experience and will do a very fine job with the city," Smith said. "The compensation package is competitive with the area and will give him room to grow."
A total of 66 people submitted applications for the position and the candidates were winnowed down to the last group from which Nanni was chosen. Also in the final three were Jeffrey E. Repp of Cumberland, Md., and Oel Wingo of Reddick, Fla.
The selection process was carried out with Slavin Management Consultants of Norcross, Ga.
"This was a united decision on the part of the council," said Hardeeville Mayor Bronco Bostick. "What I was concerned about was getting a man with a lot of experience. And one of the things I was pushing for was not to exceed Beaufort, Bluffton or Jasper County salaries. He's done a lot of economic development, bringing in businesses. We all felt he was the right guy for the job."


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