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Home Biology Ultimate destiny: How undifferentiated cells commit to their biological fate
Ultimate destiny: How undifferentiated cells commit to their biological fate
Illustration of stem cells (stock image).
Credit: © Anusorn / Adobe Stock
From the light-sensing cones of the retina to the blood-pumping muscle of the heart to the waste-filtering units of the kidneys, the human body is made up of hundreds of cell types exquisitely specialized to perform their jobs with great precision.
This complexity, however, belies the fact that each of the trillions of highly specialized cells start out as a single primordial cell.
How do these primitive, undifferentiated cells choose their ultimate destiny? It's a question that has tantalized biologists for centuries.
Now, scientists from Harvard Medical School, the Karolinska Institutet and the Medical University of Vienna, among other institutions, have uncovered intriguing new clues about the molecular logic of cells that informs their fates.
The findings, published June 7 in Science and based on a study of mouse neural crest tissue, show that cells face multiple competing choices on their journey to adulthood and perform a series of binary decisions until they reach a final destination.
"A progenitor cell could become anything, but how is that choice realized?" said co-senior investigator Peter Kharchenko, associate professor of biomedical informatics in the Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School. "Our study represents an attempt to define the molecular logic behind cell choice. We believe our findings can help us understand how cells orient themselves toward a particular fate and what might go wrong in the process of cell differentiation."
The research reveals that neural crest cells' decisions occur in three phases: activation of competing genetic programs vying for the cell's attention, gradual biasing toward one of these programs and the cell's ultimate commitment.
The researchers caution that, at this point, their findings pertain solely to neural crest cells, but the same approach could be explored to understand cell differentiation in other tissues. It remains unclear whether other tissues, organs and organisms follow a similar mechanism of cell differentiation, they added.
Beyond shedding light on a fundamental question in biology, the study results can help illuminate what goes awry in stem cells that "take the wrong turn" and become malignant or help inform new techniques for growing artificial neural tissue for medical treatment, the investigators said.
"We hope our findings can provide a new window into the diversity of neural crest cells and help explain both the normal development of cells that give rise to craniofacial, heart and sensory tissues but also some of the pathologic 'detours' along the way that lead to abnormalities of cell differentiation," said study co-senior author Igor Adameyko, a senior researcher at the Karolinska Institutet and the Medical University of Vienna. "Such insights are critical not only for understanding the fundamental biology of cellular differentiation but, possibly for informing therapeutic strategies down the road."
A cell's dilemma
The researchers traced the trajectories of primitive cells from mouse neural crest tissue — a collection of cells that arise from the ectoderm, one of the primary germ-cell layers formed during embryonic development. These progenitors give rise to a variety of cells, including different nerve cells in the brain, spinal cord and elsewhere in the body, pigment-producing cells as well as the cells of the bones, cartilage and smooth muscles that make up the skull and face.
To retrace the decision making of these primitive cells as they diverge into different areas of specialization, the investigators used single-cell sequencing, a technique that allows one to observe the genetic changes in individual cells, one cell at a time. The researchers plotted a cell's trajectory in the form of decision-making trees, marked by a series of forks on the road. To determine the sequence of a cell's decisions and how it commits to a given fate, the scientists tracked the rate of RNA change in individual cells. RNA changes — measured by shifts in the rate of gene expression and protein production — occur when a cell is starting to carry out marching orders from genes and to transform itself. As genetic programs get activated or silenced, the rate of RNA production changes accordingly.
Much to the researchers' surprise, the analysis revealed that competing groups of genes — genetic programs that regulate various cellular functions — nudge cells simultaneously toward different developmental paths. As cells decide on a path, one genetic program becomes stronger, while the competing one gets weaker, allowing the cell to move toward its chosen path.
The analysis shows that cells face a series of binary choices, with each subsequent decision further narrowing the choice of specialization. For example, the analysis demonstrates that the first bifurcation on a cell's journey occurs at an intersection when a neural crest cell must choose whether it will become a sensory nerve cell or another type. At the next fork on the road, the nerve cell must decide between becoming a glial cell — a type of cell that supports and shields neurons — or a neuron, and so forth until a final state is reached.
The next question, the scientists wanted to answer was how a cell is steered toward a particular fate.
"Does the cell slowly start to activate the molecular machinery that pushes it on the right path or is there something else going on?" Kharchenko said.
The findings reveal that individual genes do not bias the cell's choice independently of each other. Instead, whole clusters of genes associated with distinct fates get activated simultaneously and vie for the cell's attention. The closer the cell gets to a decision fork, the greater the co-activation of the two genetic programs, each beckoning the cell in a different direction — a decision between becoming a jawbone cell versus a nerve cell, for example.
The observation suggests that a cell makes a choice only after both programs are partly activated, priming the cell for both alternatives before it commits. Once the choice is made, the irrelevant genetic program is silenced.
"That was rather surprising," Kharchenko said. "We expected to see something simpler like the cell showing early preference for one option over another. Instead, we observed that the cell prepares for both options, considers both options and only then commits to a decision."
The findings, Adameyko said, suggest that "a complex, long history of conflicting signals gradually prepares the cell for a range of possible outcomes, a journey that ends with the distillation of these choices into a single available option."
The researchers caution that their findings reveal the internal decision making of a cell and how a decision is executed, not the factors that actually guide the ultimate choice. Those factors, the team said, are likely external signals from a cell's surroundings, rather than signals that arise from within. The cell, however, must be primed to respond to the relevant external signals when they arrive.
"What we see is how the cell prepares for that decision and gears up to respond to one call or another," Kharchenko said. "Something pushes the cell in one direction, but we still do not know what that catalyst is."
Veering off the right path
The observations can help scientists understand how cells mature to perform their roles but, just as important, how they may veer off course and begin to divide uncontrollably — the cardinal feature of cancer. For example, the findings can illuminate the processes that underlie the diversity in tumor cell populations and resistance to therapy in certain pediatric cancers called neuroblastomas, tumors that arise from immature nerve cells.
Several types of cancer originate from the neural crest lineage, including tumors of the peripheral nervous system, some endocrine tumors and melanoma. Although cell specialization is a tightly controlled process, errors of differentiation can occur, giving rise to malignancy, the researchers said.
"There has been some indication that neural crest tumors arise from a cell's inability to overcome differentiation forks on the road and it gets stuck," Kharchenko said. "Moving forward, we want to find out at what point a cell breaks away from its intended path and starts to overproliferate."
The researchers said that conducting a similar analysis on human neural crest tissue to detail the precise molecular events that occur at these critical junctures — and how cells resolve or fail to resolve them — would be an important next step to understanding the changes in genetic programs that accompany normal and abnormal differentiation.
Co-investigators included Ruslan Soldatov, Marketa Kaucka, Maria Eleni Kastriti, Julian Petersen, Tatiana Chontorotzea, Lukas Englmaier, Natalia Akkuratova, Yunshi Yang, Martin Häring, Viacheslav Dyachuk, Christoph Bock, Matthias Farlik, Michael Piacentino, Franck Boismoreau, Markus Hilscher, Chika Yokota, Xiaoyan Qian, Mats Nilsson, Marianne Bronner, Laura Croci, Wen-Yu Hsiao, David Guertin, Jean-Francois Brunet, Gian Giacomo Consalez, Patrik Ernfors, and Kaj Fried.
The research was supported by Swedish Research Council grant ERC Consolidator grant "STEMMING-FROM-NERVE" N647844 and grants 2015-03387 and 2016-03645; by the Paradifference Foundation and Bertil Hallsten Research Foundation, by National Science Foundation grant NSF-14-532 CAREER award and by a National Institutes of Health grant R01HL131768. Additional support was provided by Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation and Familjen Erling Perssons stiftelse, and by a Russian Science Foundation grant 18-75-10005.
Relevant disclosures: Mats Nilsson of Stockholm University holds shares in Cartana AB, a company commercializing in situ sequencing reagents.
Materials provided by Harvard Medical School. Original written by Ekaterina Pesheva. Note: Content may be edited for style and length.
Ruslan Soldatov, Marketa Kaucka, Maria Eleni Kastriti, Julian Petersen, Tatiana Chontorotzea, Lukas Englmaier, Natalia Akkuratova, Yunshi Yang, Martin Häring, Viacheslav Dyachuk, Christoph Bock, Matthias Farlik, Michael L. Piacentino, Franck Boismoreau, Markus M. Hilscher, Chika Yokota, Xiaoyan Qian, Mats Nilsson, Marianne E. Bronner, Laura Croci, Wen-Yu Hsiao, Jean-Francois Brunet, Gian Giacomo Consalez, Patrik Ernfors, Kaj Fried, Peter V. Kharchenko, Igor Adameyko. Spatiotemporal structure of cell fate decisions in murine neural crest. Science, 2019; 364 (6444): eaas9536 DOI: 10.1126/science.aas9536
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Public Talk: "Is there Law in China? Is there Justice?"
Jerome Cohen presented a public lecture panel titled "Is there Law in China? Is there Justice?" In addition, he presented a lecture that looked at China over the next five years, including expectations from the national people's congress. He also served as a guest lecturer in classes and met with several student groups.


Not too small, not too big -- 7 to 12 years old, just when everything is still fresh, still interesting.
Live Magazine partners with Bayard and Milan to create this Live Magazine for kids.
What does that entail exactly? Is it a conference for children, aged 7 to 12? A show? A magazine made out of flesh and bones? Yes, yes, Yes.
It's very simple: journalists, children's novelists, cartoonists and young reporters take the stage and bring the world to life.
There'll be poetry, jokes, photography and music, and a fictional hero will show up for real.
But...shhh, the program is secret. Just know that it will be fun and fascinating! Surprising and smart! Live and unique!


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"#MyJihad" Brings Out Anti-Muslim Rage Amongst Hypocritical Islamophobic Warmongers
Social media, specifically Twitter and Facebook have been abuzz with the anti-extremism campaign MyJihad: Reclaiming Islam. On Twitter the trending hashtag #MyJihad has been quite lively as the reclamation of this very central theological term and concept has been met with a warm welcome from audiences, specifically Muslims who have long felt misrepresented by the misappropriation and manipulation of the term "Jihad" in the public conscience (due in large part to the actions of extremists such as Bin Laden and their counterparts, the self-described "counter-Jihad" extremists like Anders Behring Breivik, Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer.)
According to the MyJihad website the campaign officially kicked off on Tuesday, December 11. We first got wind of the campaign back in September when it unofficially launched on Facebook and twitter. Back then, Garibaldi wrote about the campaign,
It is clearly an attempt to reclaim the meaning of Jihad from the extremists and absolutists in both the "West" and the "East," who feed off of each others hate.
Garibaldi's article focused on a Twitter exchange between the founder of the MyJihad campaign Ahmed Rehab and JihadWatch director Robert Spencer in which Spencer inadvertently admitted that Jihad means more than "warfare" or as he likes to paint it "terrorism" against innocents, which proves the campaign's purpose:
The campaign is now displaying ads on buses that essentially have Muslims explaining how they relate to Jihad in their daily lives, a reality that has long gone missing from the overall discussion which tends to take the side of the extremists and the sensational.
Jihad in the face of personal loss:
Jihad has to do with making friendship across the isle:
A Muslim man with prayer beads and a Jewish man with Hebrew on his shirt (which I can't really make out) building friendships:
This Jihad has to do with the challenge of wearing a veil and judging those who "cover":
These advertisements challenge the prevailing idea about Jihad being foremost about "Holy War," a view which is most enthusiastically propagated by the hate group AFDI/SIOA and their founders Pamela Geller and Robert Spencer (whose Ad campaigns this past year have sent an opposite message of hate and racism.)
In response to the bus ads Islamophobes are going berserk, which is understandable as they have pegged their careers and lives on demonizing Islam and Muslims. The question I would ask is: If Muslims are telling you that they don't believe in the "Jihad" of Bin Laden why tell them they have their religion wrong? What interest does it serve Geller and Spencer to propagate the Jihad of Bin Laden as the correct Jihad? That seems to be the height of absurd Islamophobia.
Of course Geller and Spencer are resorting to conspiracy theory, pushing the idea that this is all "Taqiyya," and that the non-Muslims who are involved are a bunch of "dhimmi" half-wits. It seems that in response they want to reproduce their own Ad which essentially copy the MyJihad campaign but emphasize the voices that MyJihad is pushing against:
It is apt, here, to highlight what MyJihad founder Ahmed Rehab has said about his motivations in initiating this campaign. He remarked in a tweet that he was inspired by the words of a South Side Chicago Imam who said that,
"When you have a glass of dirty water on the side of the road all you have to do is put a clean glass of water next to it and let the people decide which one to choose."
This entry was posted in Robert Spencer's The Incorrect Guide to Islam, Silly Spencer, Spencer Hate, Spencer Hate Group, Spencer Misrepresentation, Spencer Stealth Conspiracy and tagged #MyJihad, AFDI, American Freedom Defense Initiative, Anti-Muslim, AntiMuslim, Islam, Islamophobia, Jihad, My Jihad, Pamela Geller, Robert Spencer, Terrorism by admin. Bookmark the permalink.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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FIFA delegation in Iran amid women stadium ban row
(FILES) In this file photo taken on June 15, 2018 a banner reading "Support Iranian women to attends stadiums" is displayed during the Russia 2018 World Cup Group B football match between Morocco and Iran at the Saint Petersburg Stadium in Saint Petersburg. – Iran's judiciary has been asked to investigate the death of a woman football fan, state media said on September 10, 2019, after she reportedly self-immolated because she feared imprisonment for trying to enter a stadium. The country's vice president for women and family affairs, Masoumeh Ebtekar, asked the judiciary chief to look into the case in a letter, the state-run Iran newspaper reported (Photo by Giuseppe CACACE / AFP) /
A FIFA delegation visited Tehran on Friday to discuss allowing female spectators into football matches, the official news agency IRNA reported, days after a public row over a female fan who killed herself.
"The FIFA delegation first visited the sports ministry and talked to officials and the football federation on the presence of women in (Tehran's) Azadi stadium," IRNA said.
It said federation officials told the visiting team that preparations have been made for women to attend football matches and they would "officially" be allowed to enter for the October 10 Iran-Cambodia game.
"The delegation then visited the stadium… and inspected entry gates and stands set up for women," the agency added.
The Islamic republic has barred female spectators from football and other stadiums since 1981, with clerics arguing they must be protected from the masculine atmosphere and sight of semi-clad men.
Sahar Khodayari, dubbed "blue girl" because of the colours of the team she supported, Esteghlal FC, was reportedly detained last year when trying to enter a stadium dressed as a man to watch them.
She died of her injuries in a Tehran hospital after setting herself on fire outside a court in early September.
The death of Khodayari sparked an outcry online, with many calling on world football's governing body FIFA to ban Iran from international competitions and for fans to boycott matches.
Iran has come under pressure from FIFA to allow women to attend qualifiers for the 2022 World Cup, and it was reportedly given a deadline of August 31 to comply.
Iran's sports ministry said last month that women fans would be allowed into the stadium when Team Melli — as the national team are known — play their next home qualifier.
Fifairan


Harvard University's historic all-male drag and burlesque troupe Hasty Pudding Theatricals may begin to accept women after two college seniors decided it was unacceptable for a college theater society to bar females from performing.
Tess Davison and Olivia Miller (both class of 2016) decided to take action after they participated in an annual summer competition to see who would write the script for the fall show. They wanted to be on stage, not just behind it.
So far, the protest has already attracted attention on social media. Davison and Miller first sent out an email to several women on campus involved in theater asking them to join them and audition as a way to challenge the norm of the male-only cast. After they signed 14 women up to audition, protest participant Megan G. Jones '16 posted a photograph of the sign up sheet on Facebook and Instagram, amassing more than 200 likes.
Currently, women are allowed to participate in the group through its band, writing team, business staff, tech crew or as a musical composer. Just not as actors.
Of course, that any modern college club would exclude a participant solely based on gender is absurd, but the case of Hasty Pudding, the third-oldest theater group in the world, is especially detrimental to female performers — the troupe goes on yearly tours, has a high-profile alumni network and offers undergraduates a rare chance to participate in professional-level productions.
The group also crowns a yearly Man and Woman of the Year (last year's honorees were Chris Pratt and Amy Poehler), putting the society's decision to exclude women into particularly dumb relief.
A representative of Hasty Pudding had not responded to request for comment at the time of publication.


until his retirement in 1985.
Born in Tanganyika to Nyerere Burito (1860–1942), Chief of the Zanaki, Nyerere was known by the Swahili honorificMwalimu or 'teacher', his profession prior to politics. He was also referred to as Baba wa Taifa (Father of the Nation). Nyerere received his higher education at Makerere University in Kampala and the University of Edinburgh. After he returned to Tanganyika, he worked as a teacher. In 1954, he helped form the Tanganyika African National Union.
When Tanganyika was granted responsible government in 1960, Nyerere became Chief Minister. He led Tanganyika to independence a year later and became the new country's first Prime Minister. The country became a republic in 1962, with Nyerere as the country's first president. During the first years, Nyerere created a single-party system and used "preventive detention" to eliminate trade unions and opposition political forces. In 1964, Tanganyika united politically with Zanzibar and was renamed Tanzania, with Nyerere as president of the unified country. He was the sole candidate for president in the unified country's first election, in 1965, and was reelected unopposed every five years until his retirement in 1985.


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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


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The 2019–2020 Israel Football League season was the 13th season of the Israel Football League. The season began on November 28, 2019 and was scheduled to conclude on March 19, 2020 with IsraBowl XIII. However, after the regular season concluded all games were postponed until further notice  due to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Regular season

References

Israel Football League Seasons

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Thousands of viewers around the world watched the very first moments of a human's life in real time last week when a man based in California streamed the birth of his son. Facebook Live, as this live video streaming platform is called, is actively pushing this trend.
The question now is whether "premium content" such as live NFL proves more of a pull to social audiences.


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I lived to be on stage, and I'm terrified. Terrified before every show.
The thing is, I'm happiest when I'm on stage.
I think any celebrity that adopts a child from a third world country is a fool.
You can find my book at your favorite bookstore, and if it isn't there, find a new favorite.
I love Katy Perry! She's very charming.
I've learned you don't always listen to your agents and managers. Sometimes they know nothing.
I didn't want to do 'Fashion Police' because I thought, 'This is stupid, this is beneath me, who wants to talk about fashion?' It has taken off. We are the number one show in England on E! Who knew?
I hate old people, I hate children. I think any celebrity that adopts a child from a third world country is a fool.


Brothers Brad and Curtis Rempel of High Valley stopped by the Today Show this morning (Jan. 10) to make their national television debut. The Canadian duo performed their single "Make You Mine," which is currently No. 23 on Billboard's Country Airplay chart. The song actually helped the brothers land a record deal with Warner Brothers in 2015.
Watch High Valley's Today Show performance of "Make You Mine" below.


OAKLAND PARK (CBSMiami) — The state fire marshal is investigating the cause of a warehouse fire in Oakland Park.
The warehouse is near NE 2 Avenue and 33 St where several businesses were damaged.
Oakland Park firefighters said flames started around 1:15 am Monday morning.
Someone called 911 and multiple agencies responded to the 2-alarm fire.
Oakland Park Fire Chief Stephen Krivjanik says the fire originated in a unit where a van caught fire. While fighting the flames, the fire chief ordered firefighters to back away from the building briefly for their safety.
"There was some roofing material and an LP tank that vented and caught on fire itself and eventually caused the fire spread and the roof to collapse," explained Chief Krivjanik.
There was damage to eight storage units. Out of those, the roof collapsed in two of them.
"It's kind of hard because you know that it's your livelihood to make money for the holidays for your family and children, said cabinet builder Michael Clancy.
Clancy works at a business where workers build cabinets at the warehouse but his workspace is damaged from smoke and water.
"Clean-up and get back to it and start over," said Clancy.
A ladder truck spent hours spraying the roof and crews cut holes in the doors to units to help get to the fire and for it to vent.
The fire chief says people have to be careful when loading up these storage units.
"Please be very careful what you put in these. The hazardous materials you store in these and the way you modify these could up being a fatality for a firefighter," explained Chief Krivjanik.
A friend of the owner of the van also spoke to CBS4 News explaining how he got a call in the middle of the night and rushed over to check on his friend.
"It's a big storage, it's a double storage. He had like two cars there, one caught on fire. They're going to investigate what happened," David Valle said.
Nobody was hurt including a dog, which was inside one of the units.


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According to the latest statistics from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), breast augmentation continues to be the most popular plastic surgery procedure in the U.S. But while women getting breast implants is nothing new, it seems that some patients' aesthetic preferences are shifting. Top South Florida plastic surgeons Dr. David Rankin and Dr. Dev Vibhakar have noticed more women requesting moderately sized breast implants than overly large implants.
Drs. Rankin and Vibhakar explain why in this blog post.
Though there is no denying that the breasts are an important feature in a woman's silhouette, they are no longer expected to take center stage. Instead, more women are requesting cosmetic surgery in order to achieve a more balanced and aesthetically pleasing figure. More than anything, women want breast augmentation results that are noticeable yet natural-looking. They also want breast implants that accentuate their figure. Overly large breast implants can be disproportionate to the rest of a woman's figure and make her look "top-heavy." When properly planned and performed by an experienced plastic surgeon, breast augmentation with moderately sized implants can enhance a woman's chest and create the ideal hourglass figure.
Are you a former breast augmentation patient who wishes you opted for a smaller size? If so, you are not alone. Each year, hundreds of women choose to have their breast implants replaced, many because they are no longer happy with their breast size and wish to downsize. Drs. Rankin and Vibhakar offer breast revision surgery to remove or replace breast implants. If desired, the doctors can replace your implants with a more moderately sized pair that creates a more balanced and attractive overall figure.
Every breast augmentation patient is different. What works for your friend or neighbor may not work for you. The only way to obtain the beautiful and natural-looking results you desire is by working with an experienced breast augmentation surgeon. Drs. Rankin and Vibhakar have performed hundreds of breast augmentation procedures and helped countless women achieve the breast and body shape they have always wanted. To discuss your cosmetic concerns and goals, schedule a consultation with Aqua Plastic Surgery. Call our Jupiter office at (561) 776-2830, our Ft. Lauderdale office at (954) 564-3832 or our Miami office at (305) 918-1750.


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Women's Rights in Europe
By Yashar Dehaghani March 7, 2015
In honour of the International Women's Day, we're celebrating the women who fought for women's rights in Europe. This collection of videos from various European broadcaster archives highlights the struggles to achieve gender equality, both in our past and in the present, and show scenes from the lives of European women – philosophers, businesswomen, artists, politicians, activists, and workers.
Liberty, Work, Education
A congress of socialist women from Cyprus, France, Greece, Malta, Portugal, Spain and Italy debating gender inequality in Europe.
Luce/Italy 1975 [01:07]
Businesswomen in Spain
Down on the farm. Run by entrepreneurial women.
TVC/Spain 2008 [26:55]
De Beauvoir and feminism
A fascinating interview with Simone de Beauvoir, arguably the most influential feminist philosopher of all time.
INA/France 1975 [05:58]
Feminism in Slovenia
How feminism was studied and taught in the 90's.
RTV SLO/Slovenia 1998 [03:37]
Zbigniew Libera explores the workz of Ewa Partum, Poland's first feminist artist.
NINA/Poland 2012 [06:50]
Feminism today
A Kultur.21 segment about the differences between the women's movement of the 1970s and today.
DW/Germany 2008 [06:07]
Domestic boycott in France
The Women's Liberation Movement calls for a strike by women against "domestic and sexual chores" to demonstrate against work inequality.
Women in the Czech army
Not only wearing uniforms! A film documentary about workplaces for women in the Czechoslovak Army, shot on the occasion of International Women's Day in 1981.
CT/Czech Republic 1981 [06:22]
Solidarity in the workplace
A report about equal pay in 1960s Britain.
BBC/United Kingdom 1968 [02:38]
Feminism in modern day Poland
A discussion about Poland's current cultural and social affairs on international women's day in 2012.
Gender anxieties in 1950's Britain
A visit to a factory canteen to find out workers' views on working women and women in politics.
Women on the home front
Princess Margrethe of Denmark opening the 'Women on the Home Front' exhibition.
DR/Denmark 1961 [00:54]
Discover more related content on EUscreen.eu!
Photo source: Deutsche Welle. All rights reserved.


Do you know where the word TAGAYTAY came from?
It is the combination of two tagalog words "taga" (to cut) and "itay" (father).
This started when a father and son were hunting a wild boar. Suddenly, the wild boar attacked them. As the animal reached the father, the son cried repeatedly "taga itay!" A loud shout that was heard by the citizens of this countryside. The shout became source of commotion in the area. Since then, the place was called TAGAYTAY which is very famous tourist spot until today.
Mustknow: Where does the word Tagaytay came from?
Must Stay At: Sit back and relax in Tagaytay.Review of some pension, inn and Hotel in Tagaytay.
Must Do:Unleash the energy in you as we explore tagaytay and try things we can do here.


Genuine Infiniti Red Bull Racing Carbon Fibre Bodywork in Perspex, celebrating their triple world constructors win.
Presented in Branded Red Bull Box, within a soft purple pouch.
Measures 9.5cm by 7cm by 3cm.
Perspex is etched with the Infiniti Red Bull Racing Logo.


On this website we recommend many images about A Springer Spaniel that we have collected from various sites from many image inspiration, and of course what we recommend is the most excellent of image for grooming a springer spaniel .	If you like the image on our website, please do not hesitate to visit again and get inspiration from all the houses in the image of our web image.
And if you want to see more images, we recommend the gallery below. You can see the picture as a reference image from your A Springer Spaniel.
Thank you for seeing gallery of A Springer Spaniel, we would be very happy if you come back.


Founded in 2006 in America's heartland, riteSOFT® provides software solutions to automate data collection for small and medium-sized business (SMB) manufacturers and distributors around the globe.
Our smart, simple, seamless solutions—riteSCAN® Mobile Warehouse for SYSPRO™ and riteTIME® Labor Data Collection—leverage information and technology to optimize efficiency and sharpen your competitive edge. Trusted by more than 5,000 users and 35 resellers in 10 countries, riteSOFT's easy-to-use software applications automate and optimize warehouse and manufacturing operations in real-time.
At riteSOFT, our mission is to provide innovative software solutions and services the "rite" way—through reliability, ingenuity, trust, and experience—to help small and medium-sized business manufacturers and distributors around the globe to compete effectively. Our solutions are designed to work "rite" out of the box and implement fast. We operate at the highest ethical level while delivering products that enrich the lives of our customers, partners, employees, and the community we serve.
When you purchase a riteSOFT product, you can trust that it works "rite." You can be confident in your decision to purchase riteSOFT products. We stand behind our products with a product guarantee. We will refund the license price of the product if you are not 100% satisfied within 90 days of purchase.
Bruce Hagberg – With more than 25 years of software development and international business management experience, Bruce has worked for riteSOFT, RTE, and Wolters Kluwer Financial Services to produce software solutions that improve operational efficiency and increase profitability. As a former accountant with a B.S. in Finance from St. Cloud State University, he understands the importance of the bottom line.
Bruce purchased RTE in 2006, changed the company's name to riteSOFT, and helped direct the development of riteSCAN®—the leading mobile warehouse solution for SYSPRO™.
When he's not busy generating ideas to help manufacturers and distributors optimize their operations in real-time with easy-to-use software applications, you can find him riding his bike on the Lake Wobegon Trail in Minnesota.
riteSOFT cares about the community it serves. Our staff donates hundreds of volunteer hours each year. The company also participates in Minnesota's Adopt a Highway Program to help protect the environment and keep the ditches free from litter.


Currently in Victoria, massive house prices are locking a generation out of home ownership and creating more renters than ever before. Growing competition for rental properties is causing rents to skyrocket, so more and more Victorians can no longer afford to rent in the private rental market.
This is putting even more pressure on public housing, with over 82,000 Victorians waiting for a place to call home – including almost 25,000 children.
There's a problem though – after decades of under-investment, there's not enough public housing properties to keep up with the need. We have the lowest proportion of public housing in all of Australia. And the amount of properties has remained static for the last 20 years – leaving much of the run-down stock we do have in desperate need of renewal.
Inevitably, the serious lack of affordable homes is creating record levels of homelessness and despair. On any given night, almost 25,000 Victorians are homeless. And another million are living in housing stress.
With a state election looming, the Victorian Public Tenants Association created the Homes for All Campaign to shine a light on the housing crisis in Victoria and demand more public housing for those who need it.
include public housing in new developments.
The campaign is supported by over 20 organisations, including Victorian Trades Hall Council, National Shelter, VCOSS, Tenants Victoria, Council to Homeless Persons, Justice Connect, and the Federation of Community Legal Centres.
If you too are appalled by the lack of investment in public housing over recent decades and want to see real action on this issue, sign the petition at www.homesforall.com.au and email homesforall[@]vpta.org.au to find out how you can help spread the word.
It's up to us to tell all political parties how important building more public housing is.
Because if we don't have an affordable rental market and enough public housing, people will inevitably be pushed into homelessness.


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Microvelia pulchella is a species of smaller water strider in the family Veliidae. It is found in the New World.

References

Further reading

Veliidae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Insects described in 1834


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What are carbon offsets?
by Akhil | Jun 12, 2018
We had an incredible time at Sustainable Brands Vancouver last week and we're excited to let you all know our next steps with carbon offsets!
We mentioned in our last post about green conferencing that we'd be ditching the swag and putting our energy to offsetting carbon. Our goal is 10 tons of CO2e and we're purchasing 10kg of carbon on behalf of everyone that visited our booth and signed up for our newsletter.
Now we have to decide what carbon offset project to invest in.
It's not too late! Help us reach our goal of 10 tons of carbon offsets! Sign up for our newsletter here and we'll donate 10kg of carbon offsets in your name.
Hold on, hold on, what were carbon offsets again?
Essentially, carbon offsets are a way to compensate for your emissions by supporting emissions savings projects elsewhere.
Carbon offsetting can be done by an individual, organization or anything in between, for example a company wishing to offset a particular activity — such as attending a conference.
I signed up for the @GreenStoryInc newsletter & Green Story donated 10kg of carbon offsets in my name. Talk about being part of the solution! (tweet me!)
Why are they so important?
Well, no matter whether you think of it from a company or personal perspective, everything we do requires energy, and in most cases using energy releases climate-change-inducing greenhouse gasses.
Just think about getting to work in the morning, the production of the food you eat, the computer you work on, and the building you're sitting in — that's a lot of carbon producing energy and it's just at a personal level.
When it comes to emissions, prevention and reduction is clearly the best answer. But we know that it's hard to drastically reduce emissions overnight or to avoid emissions altogether.
While many of us constantly try to choose the green alternative, there are some requirements in modern life where we just can't reduce our emissions (or at least not yet!). It's in these situations where carbon offsetting becomes important.
What's the deal with carbon offsets? They help us to balance out the emissions we can't reduce or avoid. And they often produce social benefits in the developing world. I'm down with that! (tweet me!)
So back to our anti-swag, carbon offsetting journey. Guess what? There's a large carbon offset world out there! And it can be a little bit overwhelming when trying to figure out the right initiatives to invest in.
Numerous projects exist to help us fight climate change and they cover everything from financing clean energy technologies for the future to hands-in-the-dirt reforestation. The beauty of carbon offset projects is that although they are geared to reducing carbon in our atmosphere, they also provide additional social and environmental benefits, most often in developing nations.
In my role as researcher here are Green Story, I've identified 3 key factors that are essential to a strong carbon offset project: purpose, verification, and relative emissions reduction.
I also tossed in additional benefits as a category because who doesn't want to talk about extra social and environmental perks?
My search has looked for projects that eliminate the highest relative amount of CO2e per year. I've also made sure that all projects chosen are verified by The Gold Standard. This standard is considered the highest standard in the world for carbon offsets due to its stringent environmental criteria, focus of sustainable-development, and third-party verification.
I have combed through over 75 projects and initiatives, checked the data and narrowed down the list to the following 4 projects.
Green Story's Top Carbon Offset Projects
Jilin Zhenlai Mali Wind Farm Project
Type: Wind Power
Standard: Gold Standard CER
Reductions: 110,000 tCO2 per year
Additional Benefits: Local employment
Solar Power Project in Rajasthan
Type: Solar Power
Reductions: 34,261 tCO2 per year
Additional Benefits: Coal dependency reduction, energy for 61 families, 12 government schools
It's vital that the projects we invest in are the ones that have the biggest impact. For this reason, our top two picks are those based on renewable energy technology which tackle the major cause of emissions: our reliance on fossil fuels (David Suzuki Foundation & Pembina Institute Report, 2009).
Improved Cookstoves for Social Impact in Ugandan Communities
Type: Household Cookstoves
Additional Benefits: Health well-being, reduced deforestation, local employment
Our second choice for offsets are projects geared towards energy efficiency. The most beneficial of these programs is providing families in developing countries with cooking stoves which fights indoor air pollution from open fires and polluting stoves and causes 4 million deaths per year in developing countries (World Health Organization, 2018).
BaumInvest Mixed Reforestation in Costa Rica
Type: Reforestration
Additional Benefits: Local employment, increased biodiversity, home for endangered species
Lastly, when we think of fighting climate change we almost always think of planting trees. Yet reforestation efforts are the last on our list due to their controversial status. While trees purify water, re-establish biodiversity and fight soil erosion, their ability to fight CO2 may not be all that we thought.
One major issue is their permanence. For a tree to absorb enough CO2 and offset other emissions, the tree must be standing for 100 years (which is something that cannot be ensured…yet) (David Suzuki Foundation & Pembina Institute Report, 2009). As well, a tree will only absorb a very limited amount of CO2 until it is 15 years old, and thus delaying the benefits (Wexler, 2017).
So Which Project Should We Choose?
Of our top 4 carbon offsetting projects, which one would you choose to support?
We'll be asking everyone who signed up at SBVan2018 to help us choose the best project to support. Stay tuned for the results!
But before you go…
You're a solution-focused type, right? Help us reach our goal of 10 tons of carbon offsets!
Sign up for our newsletter here and we'll donate 10kg of carbon offsets in your name!


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Feet through ceiling among festive fiascos
Putting up Christmas trees can lead to mishaps at home
Charlie Weston Twitter Email
Householders putting their feet through the ceiling when searching the attic for decorations, and TVs being knocked over when the Christmas tree is being put up are among the festive fiascos that people make claims for on their home insurance.
Fires caused by candles, tea-lights and overheated Christmas trees are other reasons people are forced to make a claim on their insurance, according to an analysis by Aviva.
Other regular claims from householders result from impact damage to garden and house walls due to cars skidding on ice-covered driveways.
Aviva warned that it sees many claims for the theft of Christmas presents from homes and cars, which it said can be very distressing for its customers.
Cracked TVs is a major source of claims.
The devices get knocked over while excited customers are putting up, or taking down, the Christmas trees and decorations.
Another one is the escape of water. This is usually caused by freezing pipes, which can be particularly devastating if customers are away for the holiday period, the insurer said.
However, Aviva said it does not anticipate that this will be such a big issue this year, given the Covid-induced restrictions.
Property claims manager with Aviva Insurance Ireland David Lyons said that although Christmas may be somewhat different for all of us this year, accidents will happen.
"Our experience shows us, that some specific claims have a habit of cropping up at this time of year, with fires, thefts and escape of water when temperatures drop below freezing, being some of the regular occurrences encountered by our customers."
Aviva advised householders to be careful not to leave candles and Christmas lights on while not at home, or overnight.
People were also reminded to be mindful of their home security and were advised not to be complacent while celebrating Christmas.
If away, people should time heating to come on/off to protect against freezing pipes.
Aviva said it is a good idea to leave the attic hatch door open to allow heat into your attic space to prevent pipes in attic from freezing.
If planning to be away for a long period of time during the winter months, you should drain your tank and turn the mains water feed off at the stopcock.
Mr Lyons added: "Our home claims come in all shapes and sizes. While some incidents may be mildly frustrating, there are others which can be truly devastating, particularly those involving fires or water damage."
He urged people to consider whether they may be inadvertently putting their possessions, or even their homes, at risk.


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Note: You must be a MEMBER in order to purchase products and participate in classes at Fermentation Farm. Anyone interested in attending who is not currently a member may purchase a membership the night of the class.


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Sonos Playbase review
If you can afford it, the Sonos Playbase offers almost everything you want in a soundbar, especially big sound and ease of use.
By Michael Gowan
last updated 4 June 2020
If you can afford it, the Sonos Playbase offers almost everything you want in a soundbase, especially big sound and ease of use.
Big-time bass
Clear vocals
Room-filling sound
No HDMI
Today's best Sonos Playbase deals
The Sonos Playbase is now discontinued, but when it launched Sonos' take on the soundbase (a soundbar intended to go under your TV stand) didn't disappoint.
With enormous bass, clear vocals and good ease of use, the Playbase even outdoes Sonos' impressive Playbar soundbar. If you have $700 and want a simple and great-sounding way to improve your TV's sound, the Playbase is among the best soundbars you can buy — at least, it was for a while.
Our Sonos Arc review rates Sonos's first soundbar with Dolby Atmos with an Editor's Choice award. The Arc is the company's next-gen home entertainment hardware with a refreshed design and all-new interior hardware. It sports eleven high-performance drivers, three tweeters and 8 custom elliptical woofers.
With the Sonos Arc on sale for $799, the Playbase is discontinued. But you can still get one refurbished, in which case you could find this Sonos Playbase review helpful in your purchasing decisions.
Sonos Playbase (White) at Walmart for $789 (opens in new tab)
The Playbase is on the small side for a premium soundbase. At 28.6 x 15 x 2.3 inches, it's less wide and deep than the 42 x 16.5 x 3.5-inch ZVox 770. Despite the smaller size, the Sonos has plenty packed in: six midrange drivers, three tweeters and one woofer, and each driver has its own amplifier.
Available in all white or all black, the Playbase doesn't exactly look like any other speaker in the Sonos line — several of the others feature gray elements like speaker grills — but its streamlined aesthetic will fit in well with an existing system.
The Playbase has minimal buttons and inputs. A single LED in the front provides status through color (white for on and green for mute, for example). There's also a touch-sensitive button for play and pause; areas to the right and left of the play button control the volume. Most of the functions are handled through the Sonos app, or, once you've set it up, your TV remote.
On the back, you'll find a place to plug in the power cord; an optional Ethernet port (the unit also does Wi-Fi, which could be enough unless you're streaming uncompressed audio); and an optical digital audio connection.
Unlike some higher-end soundbars, like the $700 Sony HT-NT5 and the $500 JBL SB450, the Playbase lacks HDMI. This may be an issue if your TV doesn't have as many HDMI inputs as you want, or if it doesn't support optical digital audio.
Sonos' Playbar has been the soundbar/base to beat in terms of movie and music performance for the past few years, and the Playbase exceeds it in all areas.
Bass performance was phenomenal for movies. When Doctor Strange's car crashed, the booms and thuds shook the floor — without a subwoofer. The bass also adds resonance to dialogue when you're watching movies or TV shows, making David's debates about his mental health in Legion easy to understand.
The orchestral arrangements in Doctor Strange swelled with bright horns and strings, while the crowd noise in the background of the UNC-Kentucky basketball game helped make the experience more engaging.
MORE: Best Bluetooth Speakers for Home or On-the-Go
The Playbase's strengths in home theater also translate to music. The bass breaks on Jidenna's "Long Live the Chief" rattled the room, while Rihanna's vocals on Future's "Selfish" sounded full and clear. The acoustic guitar on Big Star's "Thirteen" was sharp and realistic.
The unit filled my living room with sound, and it can get plenty loud for most viewing situations.
The Playbase is easy to set up and use — a key qualification for a good soundbase. It's intended to go under a TV stand, and not to be mounted on a wall. If you don't have a place to put it under the TV, the Playbar would be a better choice.
There's little to do to physically connect the Playbase to your TV: plug the speaker into the wall and connect the digital optical audio cable to your display. The rest of setup happens in Sonos' app. While there are quite a few screens to run through, from connecting to Wi-Fi to detecting any other Sonos speakers you have, most people should have no problem getting the system set up.
MORE: Sonos Play:5: Sound Centerpiece
The unit doesn't come with a remote, but it can learn how to use your existing TV's remote to control volume. You can also control the volume with the app or with the touch-sensitive buttons on the front of the unit.
To make the Playbase sound its best, you'll want to run Trueplay, Sonos' room-modeling effect. The speaker will play sounds and you walk around your room waving your phone around. It feels quite silly, but the sound improvements are well worth it. The bass was richer and the sound field wider after I ran Trueplay.
If the Playbase itself doesn't create an immersive enough experience, you can use Sonos' Play:1 speakers as left and right surrounds. You can also add a Sub, but only the most fanatical bass lovers will need more than what the Playbase outputs. And, of course, you can group together Sonos speakers in other rooms for multiroom sound.
The Sonos Playbase impresses with its big bass, clear vocals and room-filling power. It's easy to set up and use, and sounds great whether you're playing movies, TV shows or music. In other words, it hits all the things you want out of a soundbase.
You pay for the privilege, though, and you can get good sound and more features on cheaper models. The $500 JBL SB450, for example, comes with three HDMI inputs, and the Playbase has none. But the SB450 and similar soundbars don't offer the overall experience that the Playbase does.
If you have other Sonos speakers and can afford the Playbase — and your TV supports optical digital audio — it will help complete your home sound system. If you already have a Playbar, you don't need to upgrade; the Playbase sounds better, but not enough to warrant a change.
Photo credit: Sonos
Michael Gowan
Michael Gowan covers soundbars, TVs, portable speakers and other audio- and video-related topics for Tom's Guide. He's written about music and technology for more than 20 years for a raft of publications including Wired, Men's Journal, PC World and Macworld. When he's not reviewing speakers, he's probably listening to one anyway.
Gerry Allen
Another expensive half-solution from Sonos; looks like they haven't learned the Bose lesson. Look folks, spend $280 on a pair of ELAC B6s and $400 on a Yamaha A/V receiver -- the results will blow the Sonos (and Bose, for that matter) off the track. Yes, there will be cables and wires...oh, no!
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Grand Escarpement est un terme utilisé pour désigner deux escarpements :
 Le Grand Escarpement africain, qui désigne les pentes raides du plateau sud-africain, dominant les basses-terres qui l'entourent sur plus de .
 Le Grand Escarpement martien, long de  dans la région d'Olympus Mons.

Homonymie de toponyme


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Why grown men throw themselves off cliffs on bikes, and other Paleolithic mysteries revealed…
"Don't go pettin' the plants thar, pardner!" Mongo en route to trails near San Luis Obispo, CA. Photo by Paul Andrews.
LOOKING DOWN this lifeless, rocky chute, across the dry creek bed to the maximum security high wall of rock on the other side, most reasonable people would probably hear a voice in their head saying, "Whoa!
"Seriously, man! Don't even think about trying to ride your bike through that shit. Get off and walk. Better look for a few handholds on the way down too."
With its tortured rock walls, loose slopes of sharp scree, and meandering arroyos sunk so deep in shadow you can't see the bottom, this place has the possibility of physical pain written all over it. Living things don't do well here.
But I don't see it that way. For me, it's a jazz moment in what today will be four hours of improvisation on the theme of What Trail, a wonderfully sinuous stretch of single track which is as well known to the riders here as Round Midnight is to sax players at New York after hours sessions.
We — my riding companions and I — are competitive, but that's not really the point. This morning we are like a Paleolithic band on the hunt. We vie for the lead, but we also share it, and for the good riders there is plenty of game to go around.
What we're hunting for out in this rocky wilderness is a sort of personal probability vortex, a kind of moving wrinkle in time where fleeting combinations of line, speed and vector force are alchemized with the heart of the rider to make the unlikely, sometimes even the impossible, happen.
And so as I came careening down What Trail, I got my first glimpse of this dry creek crossing just about exactly two seconds before I launched myself over the edge of the cliff into it at speed. Here's what I saw in those two seconds.
Paul Andrews climbing Cuesta.
The first thing I noticed was the rest of my group, who had stopped on the far side to watch me. None of these guys knew me. I'm an out-of-towner who just hooked up with them to ride today. They're all 10 to 20 years younger than I am — a lawyer, a bike shop geek (the bike world equivalent of a ski bum), a manager at the municipal water treatment facility, a sports video distributor — and all were riding bikes that cost more than the per capita annual income of your average Third World country.
We'd been on the trail for nearly two hours at this point — we'd started out from a quiet residential neighborhood out the outskirts of San Luis Obispo, CA, early on a Sunday morning in June, sprinted for an hour and a half up trails to the top of West Cuesta Ridge, a vertical half mile above town, and then turned down a sketchy track called the What Trail, from the cry "what trail?" frequently heard when it disappears into the rocky slope.
Crossing this dry creek canyon was the toughest challenge we'd seen so far on What Trail, and my new friends wanted to see how good a technical rider I was. Each of them had cleaned it before me the way regular patrons at a Thai restaurant polish off a favorite delicacy. Now the question was, would I get pud Thai or humble pie?
The second thing I noticed as my eyes flicked from the down slope of the drop to the dusty creek bed to the twisting rock climb on the other side, was that the path before me was steep, but relatively smooth with no ledges, stair steps or loose debris on top. If you had the courage to launch it, all you had to do to get down the drop was take your hands off the brakes and let 'em roll.
I also immediately compared it to my own personal Rogues Gallery of similar situations, and judged this offender to be a little like one I know on Galbraith Mt. in Bellingham, WA — the Big Drop on Bob's Trail — except this one was easier because both the drop and the outrun are smooth, allowing me to attain maximum speed as I raced at the rock wall on the far side.
Clap your hands together once. That's how long all these calculations took, and now I'm suddenly dropping down the face and shifting my rear derailleur into a higher gear so I can get even more speed. The feeling is much like you get on a roller coaster — your stomach comes up when you start to fall at the top and then your guts compress at the bottom — except that there are no safety restraints here, no Department of Labor and Industries inspections, no bored attendants to help you in and out of your seat.
Flying across the dry creek bed, I simultaneously shifted both my front and rear derailleurs into lower gears and got back on the bike to take most of my weight off the front wheel. The instant the front of the bike started to jump up the rock wall, though, I threw myself forward over the handlebars, jammed the point of my saddle into the crack in butt (a technique known in mountain biking as "butt cracking") and poured the power to the pedals so that I seem to pop to the top of the rock wall like a diving duck popping up to the surface of a lake: to the uninitiated, I just suddenly seemed to "appear" at the top.
But I wasn't through it yet! The exit at the top of the rock wall was a hard left where the trail was sliding into a deep side arroyo, leaving a loose, trailless side-slope as the only way to skirt the meandering, dozen-foot deep cleft in the rock looming on the left. So without even thinking, I steered my bike straight up the steepest part of the side slope. I needed a burst of reserve power to do this because it is the most physically taxing path you can steer, but it was also the only rideable path, so steer it I must.
As I hit the crest and could glide back down onto something that could be called a "trail," one of my companions, Sterling, the sports video guy, called out, "Bruce, you're an artist." As I came to a brief stop with the group, he reminisced with Edwin about another rider who had careened into the rock wall on the right and then fallen into the dry arroyo on the left. "It was ugly," Edwin agreed. "He needed help getting his bike out and had to walk a fair ways back."
"You'll know if it's broken," Sterling said in a voice that satirized the smug tone of physicians who say that "this will hurt me more than it hurts you." Then he punctuated his quip with a wild, high scream of raw anguish which rang out across the sunny landscape like something out of the Jurassic.
And with that, we were off again, plunging down, down, down through the ghostly, silvered remains of a rare Sargant Cypress forest that burned in the early '90s. "It was arson," Sterling called over his shoulder as he hurtled across a series of rock knobs. "The fire was set by an out-of-work contractor. He thought he could stir up some business that way." "Shoulda tossed him in the fire," muttered Edwin, the attorney, following Sterling's line like an echo.
At the end of What, we shot out onto an old cat track, one of hundreds that were punched into the mountains around San Luis Obispo by Mercury prospectors in the early 20th century. The mines all failed, but the tracks in the rock persist, providing the bulk of the San Luis Obispo trail system. Edwin, whom I originally took for a naturalist, pointed out local flora like the cypress and various native flowers like the showy yellow monkey flower, a native mallow whose dreamy violet blooms look like something out of Georgia O'Keefe, and a wild yellow lily called Mariposa Obispoensis
Mongo, AKA Bruce Brown, riding Cuesta Ridge above San Luis Obispo. Photo by Paul Andrews.
WE TOOK our only real break, where we actually got off our bikes, at Doughi Springs, an oasis-like pool of cool, clear water where large, red-legged frogs lolled around on the sauvignon-colored bottom, and a yellow-stripped snake made for safety on the algae and lily pads along the edge. Dean also graciously called my attention to the poison oak that dotted the slopes around us. Once alerted, I saw the low, unobtrusive bush with glossy, red-tinged leaves all around me as I strolled through the long grass.
Back on our bikes again, the guys in the lead — Sterling, Eric and Dean — actually picked up the pace as we passed the three hour mark. We had dropped far enough now to reach the edge of the chaparral, where stately oaks and eucalyptus are scattered across rolling, golden grassland. Perhaps my eye stayed for a second to the beautiful scene before me, perhaps I was going little too fast trying to catch up with the leaders, but suddenly, without the slightest warning of any kind, I found myself in the middle of a full scale Red Alert.
Deep into the pocket of a high speed, sweeping left-hand turn, I steered just a hair too sharp to the left and the front tire washed out on me, meaning it stopped tracking and started to skid, at which point the rear end swung around I found myself going 20 mph in a sideways skid. The only thing you can do to regain control in a situation like this is to steer back the other way and try to straighten it out. So — still skidding — I steered toward the right — but I over-corrected and the front end washed out again, throwing me into a skid the other way.
Think about this for a moment. Put yourself there. You're suddenly skidding sideways down a gravel road on your bike at 20 mph or more, totally out of control. The gravel is all golf ball-sized rock with sharp edges and there's a cliff on the right. Your last hope maneuver is to take your hands off the brakes and steer the other way — the way you don't want to go — toward the cliff. You go for it, but you over correct and instantly find yourself skidding the other way, still out of control and still headed for the edge. Now what?! What are your chances of coming through this in one piece?
Time's up. In fact, time's up so fast you really don't have time to think. All you can do is react, and my reaction was a very, very dangerous move. In the middle of an out of control, high speed skid, I came forward on the bike. Normally, this is the last thing you want to do because it increases the chance of getting thrown over the handlebars, which was in fact a serious risk at that moment. But I absolutely had to get the bike back under control — everything else in the universe was secondary at that moment — and throwing my weight forward gave the front tire more bite.
So I jerked forward over the bars and threw one leg out sideways, fully parallel with the blurring ground, like some sort of crazy catamaran on the crest of an imaginary Tsunami. Fortunately I didn't go over the bars, and as quickly as it began, the crisis was over. The bike straightened out under me again, I got both feet on the pedals, and in an instant I was gone around the corner and down the next traverse with all my skin improbably still attached.
"Did you get a shot of adrenaline from that?" yelled Edwin, who'd been riding behind me and seen the whole thing. "I bet you got a double shot on the rocks. I'd already given up on you before you lost it the second time." The whole thing was over in less time than it takes you to draw a single breath — bam-bam, just like that, two instantaneous reflex moves which either hurled you tumbling across the sharp rock to deep lacerations and possibly broken bones, or a deep, sucking sigh on the wind as you hurtled on. "Do I get extra style points for having my leg straight out sideways?" I called back to Edwin.
He couldn't see it, but my eyes were wide and my attention was totally focused on this place, this time, this moment. The dusty blue eucalyptus trees, the red clay roofs of San Luis Obispo below, the distant glassy glitter of the sun on the Pacific beyond Bishop's Rock, all were as vivid as an acid vision, burned with exquisite clarity and detail into my consciousness, not with lysergic acid, but with the chemical force of a double-punch adrenaline rush.
The wind smelled sweetly of wild, wind-dried flowers, and unlike some of my species, I had strong recent evidence that I was alive.
Originally posted June 2003.
Some books by Bruce Brown.


text:
Are you ready for the new data breach notification regime?
The Australian Government's Notifiable Data Breaches scheme came into force on 22 February 2018. It requires any organisation regulated by the Australian Privacy Act to notify individuals affected by a data breach that is likely to cause them serious harm, and also to notify the Australian Information Commissioner.
It's generally acknowledged that, no matter how diligent an organisation and how stringent its security practices, data breaches are inevitable. So every organisation needs to be well prepared for this inevitability in order to minimise damage.
Australian Notifiable Data Breaches scheme
Fortunately, the Australian Information Commissioner has now finalised its comprehensive set of online resources on the scheme.
They cover:
which agencies and organisations have obligations under the scheme, including in instances where multiple parties are affected by an eligible data breach
how to identify an eligible data breach
exceptions to notification obligations
how to notify affected individuals and the Commissioner
the role of the OAIC in the scheme
The OAIC says it has updated its Data breach notification — a guide to handling personal information security breaches and its Guide to developing a data breach response plan resources to develop a comprehensive guide to data breach management responsibilities and best practice.
The new regulations provide for the imposition of fines of up to 10,000 penalty units — equating to $2.1 million — for breaches of legislation, but that could be the smallest component of the total cost.
For several years USbased Ponemon Institute has conducted annual surveys of the cost of data breaches suffered by companies in Australia. The report published in June 2017 found the average total cost for companies surveyed to be $2.51m.
Ponemon's figures for a similar study in the US, where regulation and legal action following data breaches are plentiful, are much higher: $US7.35m ($A9.1m).
In 2017 Ponemon Institute benchmarked Australian companies and found the average cost of a data breach to be $2.51m in 2017. In the US the figure was $A9.1m.
Unlike the Australian Notifiable Data Breaches scheme, in the US there are no specific penalties for a data breach. However, there is plenty of legislation that creates ample scope for civil actions to penalise organisations that lose data.
According to a legal website, in recent years the United States has been a leader in the global data privacy and security regulatory arena but privacy and data security mandates are promulgated at federal, state and local levels and violations generally lead to civil, not criminal, penalties.
Also, there were no breaches included in which the number of records stolen exceeded 70,000 penalty units. Ponemon specifically excluded breaches in excess of 100,000 penalty units, saying they were not representative of the breaches suffered by most organisations and would have skewed the results.
One avenue of protection against the cost of a data breach is cyber insurance, and as specialist insurance broker points out, the benefits of this can extend beyond financial compensation for damage suffered.
Its website lists the potential benefits of a cyber insurance policy as including: access to the insurer's response team, assistance investigating and resolving data security, on the obligation to notify and on drafting the notification, legal and public relations support.
How Premier Contact Point Keeps Customer Data Secure
Premier Technologies has been creating advanced, secure technology solutions in Australia since 1986. Our expert team has developed and deployed secure cloud solutions across Australia and 18 countries and is fully versed in Contact Centre compliance obligations and technology requirements. Contact us for full details of how we can help your operations meet compliance requirements.
Tags: contact centre security, customer data security
Find out how our innovative technology can help secure customer data


For both repair and replacement, trust Thunder Auto Glass for your auto glass needs. You have a choice for windshield repair in WA. You don't need to wait weeks for Thunder Auto Glass to come to summit for your car. Superior Auto Glass NW is a worthwhile consideration when your windshield is broken or cracked. Our firms are eager to give you a repair quote.


NuVista Homes has always been about perfecting the family home through innovative design, practical solutions and affordable price points. And with the Rosewood, this well-respected home builder may just have found perfection.
The four-bedroom Rosewood has been one of the most popular models among NuVista's 12 front-drive homes in this newly established community of Evanston in the northwest. It's easy to see why in the new show home on 16 Evansfield Crescent N.W.
At 2,238 square-feet, the Rosewood is all about meeting the needs of the family. The walk-thru pantry is great for storage and helpful in keeping the family's much needed basic supplies. The kitchen with a long centre island is roomy enough for the family chef. And the Great Room and Dining Room meld into one free flowing entertaining space essential for big, busy families and their friends.
The Rosewood starts from $583,900 including GST, but NuVista's front-drive homes in Evanston are from the low $500,000s. "We have a limited time promotion where we develop your basement for free," Martins says.
The comfortable nature of Rosewood is perfectly captured in its down-to-earth great room. The centre fireplace with designer stone facing and oversized windows bring a sunlit cheerfulness to the interior. "It has a very sophisticated look, and the flush to the wall fireplace is one of the most popular options that buyers want," Martins says.
The kitchen is a masterful display of form fulfilling function with a little bit of fancy thrown in. "It's great for parties, the centre island with white quartz tops is a perfect setting to entertain and a brilliant workspace that provides a lot of flow," Martins says. The cabinet moulding brings the cabinetry to the ceiling for a more continuous look, wall appliances add to its seamless style.
The five-piece master ensuite is as relaxing as you'd think. It comes standard with twin sinks, a separate tub, glass shower stall, a private water closet, and a large walk-in closet. "There isn't much that families can want more in a home, but if there is something else, the Rosewood is flexible enough to meet any of their needs," Martin says.
Address: 16 Evansfield Crescent, N.W.


I, [2019-03-14T23:48:04.840001 #18860] INFO -- : $$$[end] "rm -f .revision.time" exit with 0.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:06.424965 #18860] INFO -- : At revision 67263.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:06.933643 #18860] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:07.159400 #18860] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:07.381888 #18860] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:08.987160 #18860] INFO -- : Could not be configured. It will not be installed.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:09.013998 #18860] INFO -- : *** Fix the problems, then remove these directories and try again if you want.
I, [2019-03-14T23:48:09.020976 #18860] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make all -j6" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-14T23:48:09.192104 #18860] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:48:10.744989 #18860] INFO -- : *** Fix the problems, then remove these directories and try again if you want.
I, [2019-03-14T23:48:12.278071 #18860] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make install -j6" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-14T23:49:03.669589 #18860] INFO -- : $$$[end] "make yes-btest TESTS='-j6'" exit with 0.
I, [2019-03-14T23:49:03.712778 #18860] INFO -- : Copyright (C) 2017 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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I, [2019-03-14T23:53:05.536752 #18860] INFO -- : .S.S.S..S..SS....S.S.SFinished tests in 240.416591s, 86.9948 tests/s, 21771.8627 assertions/s.
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St Matthew Academy's first ever Duke of Edinburgh award winners!
On Monday 23rd, St Georges day, 13 pupils from St Matthew Academy received their Duke of Edinburgh Bronze Award certificates and badges. Over the course of 2017, the pupils learnt a new skill, volunteering within our local community , and completing a physical activity as well as participating in two separate weekend outdoor camping expeditions.
The pupils can feel proud of their achievements on gaining this prestigious award, and take this confidence into their GCSE exams in May.


-20 F and a high of over 100 F every year.
be feasible based on the change in daylight hours and temperature.
Earth, but it would have a much shorter period.
resonances or something of that nature.
sunset to predict the following year.
semi-chaotically but with some advance warning.
> > and magnitude of this change?
> make up whatever answer you want.


Based on my trip to Goa with mom, here is a detailed post (with itinerary) about traveling to my favorite destination in the world with parents and family.
Opening the 'doors of India' – a unique mission!
24 Hours in Mysuru: Why it's my new favorite city in India!


It is located near the entrance to the express way linking Zhengzhou City and the airport. The 3-star Zhongdu Hotel offers good access for those wishing to get away, located just 30kms from the airport and 6kms from the city center. A taxi ride to the center of town will cost you about RMB15.
The Zhongdu Hotel is located 39.8 kilometers from the airport. 5.1kms to the railway station.
The Internet discount room rate includes service charge. Chinese breakfast is RMB38 per person. Extra bed is RMB100 yuan per bed. Check out 12 noon.
The four-star Zhong Du Hotel, a 15-minute drive from the city center and 40 minutes from the airport, features an Old Nanjing Snacks Stand and a karaoke bar. The 17-floor Zhong Du Hotel has 260 well appointed guest rooms; standard rooms measure 20 square meters. The hotel offers a wide range of eateries, including the Old Nanjing Snacks Stand, the Tulip Bar and several Chinese restaurants. Our business center provides basic secretarial services and various meeting rooms. Location The Zhongdu Hotel is located 30 kilometers from the airport. 3kms to the railway station. For dining, the hotel serves Cantonese and Hunan cuisine (Peach Flower Garden Restaurant), hotpot buffet (Lily Garden Restaurant) and Jiangsu cuisine (Old Nanking Restaurant). The Tulip Lobby Lounge serves drinks. The business center offers Fax, ticket booking and some local tour arrangement services.
The Zhongdu offers a total of 300 rooms of all sizes and types, from the ordinary standard rooms to the luxurious presidential suites. All rooms include a private bath, central air-conditioning and satellite TV.


text:
Remove This Item Author/s: Boris Avrukh
Remove This Item Author/s: F.M. Eric Schiller
Remove This Item Author/s: Joel Benjamin
Remove This Item Author/s: Maxim Dlugy
Remove This Item Author/s: Dmitry Kryakvin
Chess Enterprises (1)
Elk and Ruby Publishing House (1)
Grandmaster Repertoire (3)
Attacking with g2-g4
The Modern Way to Get the Upper Hand in Chess
With lots of instructive examples, Kryakvin explains the ins and outs of the attack on the g-file: the typical ways to gain tempo and keep the momentum, and the manoeuvres that will maximize your opponent's problems. After working with this book you will be fully equipped to use this modern battering ram to define the battlefield. You will have fun and win games!
Liquidation on the Chess Board - New and Extended Edition
Mastering the Transition into the Pawn Endgame
In this book, former US Chess Champion Joel Benjamin teaches you all you need to know about successfully liquidating into pawn endgames. He focuses on the practical aspects: what to aim for and how to get there. When to start trading pieces and how to recognize favorable and unfavorable liquidations.
Grandmaster Repertoire 2B - 1. d4 Dynamic Systems
Volume 2B completes the series by providing cutting-edge antidotes to tricky defenses such as the Dutch, various Benoni set-ups, Benko and Budapest Gambits, and anything else not covered in volumes 1A, 1B & 2A. With innumerable updates and improvements to the author's previous work, this book is essential reading for any ambitious 1.d4 player.
The Chelyabinsk Meteorite
Selected Games of Igor Kurnosov
Catalog Code: B0017ER
This book contains fifty illustrative games and a career overview of Chelyabinsk grandmaster Igor Kurnosov, who was tragically hit and killed by a car in 2013 at the age of just 28. At his last tournament prior to his death, Igor attained a super-grandmaster tournament performance rating in excess of 2700.
Better Thinking, Better Chess
How a Grandmaster Finds his Moves
Finding strong moves does not simply depend on how much you know about chess. In fact, greater knowledge often makes choosing a move more complex because it increases the number of directions your mind can take. It's about the way you think. This book teaches how you can improve the structure and effectiveness of your thinking when sitting at the board. How to look for the right things. If you take the wrong direction at the start of your deliberations, as club players often do, you may be losing before you know it.
Play the Trompowsky Attack
The Trompowsky brings on the board fresh, creative and complex positions. The author bases his recommendations on his own tournament practice, with stern tests at a grandmaster level. The book is aimed at a wide range of players.
Grandmaster Repertoire - 1. d4 - King's Indian and Grunfeld - 2A
Tired of Bad Positions? Try the Main Lines!
When Boris Avrukh released his 1.d4 repertoire books in 2008 and 2010, they caused a sensation. Volume 2A is the third out of four brand new volumes in which Avrukh revamps, expands and generally improves upon his previous work in every way possible. This chess book provides a world-class repertoire against the Grünfeld and King's Indian, two of Black's most popular and dynamic defenses.
The Russian Chess School 2.0 - Middlegame Structures and Dynamics
Konstantin Sakaev and Konstantin Landa present a complete set of instructions and tips for trainers and self-improvers. In this book, you are again handed basic and advanced tools to improve in a wide array of areas: assessing and handling pawn structures, employing positional and tactical means to improve your position, identifying weak spots, mastering attacking dynamics and more.
Grandmaster Insides
Grandmaster Insides takes you into the inner world of Max Dlugy, as he recounts and analyzes what a young player has to go through to become a champion and what areas of development are important for self-improvement.
The Russian Chess School 2.0 - Opening and Middlegame
Russia boasts a long and rich tradition in chess education. The Complete Manual of Positional Chess is the latest and most comprehensive product of this Russia striving for perfection. This handbook, probably the most thorough grounding in the history of teaching chess, was recently created for chess teachers at the DYSS, the special sports school for young talents in Russia. Konstantin Sakaev and Konstantin Landa present a complete set of instructions and tips for trainers and self-improvers. It teaches you not only how to enhance your fundamental knowledge and technical skills, but also how to work on your physical and psychological conditioning.
Grandmaster Repertoire 1B - 1. d4 - The Queen's Gambit
When Boris Avrukh released his 1.d4 repertoire in 2008, it revolutionized chess opening books. Now Avrukh is back with an expanded, updated and revamped 1.d4 repertoire. Volume 1B supplies a top-class repertoire for White with the Queen's Gambit, covering defences such as the Slav, Queen's Gambit Accepted, Chigorin, Tarrasch and various others.
Grandmaster Repertoire 1A - 1. d4 - The Catalan
When Boris Avrukh released the first volume of his 1.d4 repertoire in 2008, it revolutionized chess opening books. Now Avrukh is back with an expanded, updated and revamped 1.d4 repertoire. Volume 1A deals primarily with the Catalan, which is an Avrukh specialty. This volume covers the position after the opening moves 1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e6 3.g3, concentrating on the Catalan which arises after 3...d5, while also dealing with the Bogo-Indian with 3...Bb4 dagger, and Benoni systems after 3...c5.
The second part of the Complete Slav contains all systems that were not presented in the first part, namely a popular variation 3. Nf3 Nf6 4. Nc3 dxc4 and also all systems after 4...e6. Not to mention the possibilities such as 5. g3 or 5. Qb3, I have presented lines after 5. e3 Nbd7 – for starters Meran (6. Bd3 dxc4 7.Bxc4 b5) and Anti-Meran (6. Qc2 Bd6) lines
Grandmaster Repertoire - The Classical Slav
Grandmaster Repertoire 17 – The Classical Slav provides a sound and active repertoire based on 1.d4 d5 2.c4 c6 3.Nf3 Nf6 4.Nc3 dxc4. White's early deviations from move 3 onwards are also covered. GM Boris Avrukh has had the Slav in his repertoire throughout his career and has never lost a serious game with it. Boris Avrukh is a grandmaster from Israel. He is an Olympiad gold medalist, former World Junior Champion and analysis partner of World Championship finalists.
French Winawer Poisoned Pawn
A Dynamic Chess Opening
The French Defense is all the rage these days, and there are plenty of books examining the opening from Black's point of view. This book is a reaction from the other side.
Grandmaster Repertoire 11 - Beating 1.d4 Sidelines
Grandmaster Repertoire 11 – Beating 1.d4 Sidelines provides a sound and active repertoire against virtually every non-standard opening line at White's disposal after both 1.d4 d5 and 1.d4 Nf6.
The Slav Defense is currently the most popular closed opening, appearing in the opening repertoire of the overwhelming majority of top class grandmasters. A competitive chess player playing 1.d4 faces the opening in almost every tournament, and for Black it can be used in just about every second game.
The Grunfeld Defence - Grandmaster Repertoire 8 - VOLUME 1
Grandmaster Repertoire is a series of high quality chess books based on the main lines, written by strong grandmasters. The aim is to provide the reader with a complete repertoire at a level good enough for elite tournaments, and certainly also for the club championship. Grandmaster Repertoire 8 - The Grünfeld Defence offers a repertoire for Black against 1.d4.
The aim is to provide the reader with a complete repertoire at a level good enough for elite tournaments, and certainly also for the club championship. Grandmaster Repertoire 8 - The Grünfeld Defence offers a repertoire for Black against 1.d4. Avrukh's two previous Grandmaster Repertoire books for White received universal rave reviews and have been hugely influential on chess players all over the world, including at the very highest level.
CLEARANCE - Nimzo-Indian with 4 Qc2
GM Max Dlugy here presents the definitive Study of the Classical Variation of the Nimzo-Indian with 4. Qc2. He provides reliable assessments of all significant variations with clear statements as to why a line is viable or not. With some 200 diagrams to lead the way, the author has clearly organized his material to make it readily assessable by ECO Codes.