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Nel 1884 mise a punto il "fucile Maxim", la prima mitragliatrice portatile e completamente automatica. Inventò anche la trappola per topi e sperimentò nel campo del volo a motore, ma i suoi disegni di grandi velivoli non ebbero successo. Comunque la sua "Captive Flying Machine", divenne una giostra molto apprezzata nei parchi di divertimento britannici.

Biografia
Maxim nacque a Sangerville negli Stati Uniti, ma emigrò in Inghilterra, dove venne naturalizzato nel 1899. Maxim venne nominato cavaliere dalla Regina Vittoria del Regno Unito nel 1901, per le sue invenzioni, molte delle quali avevano applicazioni militari. Nel corso degli anni fu coinvolto in diverse dispute sui brevetti con Thomas Edison. Per lungo tempo sofferente di bronchite, brevettò e produsse la "Pipa della pace", un inalatore al mentolo.

Maxim fondò una fabbrica di armamenti per produrre la sua mitragliatrice a Crayford nel Kent, che venne in seguito acquistata dalla Vickers nel 1896, divenendo la 'Vickers, Son & Maxim'. La loro versione aggiornata del progetto, chiamato fucile Vickers, fu la mitragliatrice standard dei britannici per molti anni. Varianti del fucile Maxim vennero usate estesamente da tutti gli eserciti durante la grande guerra.

Il fratello Hudson Maxim fu anch'esso un inventore, specializzato in esplosivi.

Maxim morì a Londra ed è sepolto al West Norwood Cemetery. Suo figlio Hiram Percy Maxim seguì le orme del padre e dello zio e divenne un ingegnere meccanico e progettista di armi, ricordato per aver realizzato i primi silenziatori per fucili, ma è probabilmente più noto per i suoi primi esperimenti con la radio amatoriale e per aver fondato l'American Radio Relay League.

Voci correlate
Un genio in famiglia (film)

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Maxim, Hiram Stevens
Progettisti di armi da fuoco

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


The Hornbein family of Denver, Colorado, was actively involved in the Colorado Jewish community. Philip L. Hornbein (1879-1962) married Flora Anfenger (1888-1964) in 1905, and they had three children: Louis (1907-?), Marjorie (1913-2006) and Philip (1915-1987). The collections consists of material objects, photographs, and documents that belonged to the Hornbein family.


Butler University is facing a time when the incoming classes continue to grow. The current expected freshman class size of 1,111 students shot up from last year's class size of 926.
Upperclassmen were offered alternative housing opportunities to help accommodate freshmen.
In 2003, additional housing options were offered when Butler's incoming freshman class totaled 976 students. This was, at the time, the largest class size in Butler's history.
"This is not the first time we've had the next largest class ever," Vice President for Student Affairs Levester Johnson said.
One of these partnerships is the Christian Theological Seminary apartments, located at the intersection of 42nd street and Haughey Avenue. This option was also offered in 2003 and 2010.
Upperclassmen living in this alternative option pay the Residential College rate, which runs at approximately $5,370 per year for a double room. Fifty-nine students plus one resident assistant will be living there this year.
Accommodations were made in the freshman dorms as well. Fifteen rooms in Schwitzer Hall and 10 male Ross Hall rooms were converted from double rooms to triple rooms. This has been used as an answer to growth before.
Ross has a capacity of 500 students while Schwitzer can now hold around 470 students thanks to the basement renovations that occurred there two years ago, which added more dorm rooms.
Freshmen who voluntarily opted for the converted triples pay a reduced room rate of $3,210 per year instead of the normal double rate of $4,810 per year.
The increasing freshman classes and sophomore year retention rates contribute to the population growth.
What's best for Butler, Johnson said, depends on feedback and opinions straight from the student body, families and faculty.
The strategic plan includes opinions on the size of the university over the next few years, and, if it does grow, the possible addition of a new dorm.
"We always need to be looking at what's the best housing option for students and making good decisions," Cunningham said.
Nothing is currently set in stone. The New Student Success Task Force, which is comprised of faculty from different departments, was first established in 2003 to deal with the new growth that year.
Johnson and the force are merely etching out possible plans for the future.


United made it three wins from three in pre-season and Che Adams added another to his tally.
The Blades backed up the wins at Ilkeston and Cheltenham Town with a narrow success at Exeter City on Thursday night. Neill Collins gave United the lead before Tom Nichols levelled from the penalty spot but Adams won it by sliding the ball through the legs of home goalkeeper Bobby Olejnik.
The teamsheet showed no surprises from boss Adkins as he rotated the squad again, but there was a late change in goal where Long started. The outfield ten that finished the game at Cheltenham Town kicked off, including Woolford at left-back, covering for the injured Harris.
Exeter made the brighter start, with Long off his line to prevent an early chance, whilst Wheeler and Holmes were both off target with shots from the edge of the box. The Blades, however, were more clinical, opening the scoring with the first corner, won by Murphy. Woolford delivered and COLLINS lost his marker to head into the top corner.
Both sides went close around the half hour, Nichols for Exeter and Baxter's effort being deflected wide after linking up with Higdon, whilst close to the break Oakley headed off the line from Freeman's cross.
Adams replaced Higdon at the break and there was an early chance for the visitors. From Freeman's cross, McNulty stepped over the ball but Basham, arriving late in the box, missed the target.
It was Exeter's turn, though, to score with their first chance of the half. Wheeler got away from the United defence and was pulled down by Collins as he entered the box. Penalty was the decision and NICHOLS sent Long the wrong way to equalise.
A flurry of good opportunities then followed before the planned substitutions. Following a fortunate ricochet, Campbell-Ryce played in McNulty, but his effort was blocked, despite the presence of Collins, Wheeler fired over for Exeter and then a long-ranger from Woolford was pushed around a post by goalkeeper Olejnik.
A McGahey back-pass put Long under pressure but the goalkeeper kept out Nicholls, whilst at the other end an Adams cross saw Calvert-Lewin win a header but the ball bounced over the crossbar.
United, however, regained the lead on 79 minutes with a goal similar to Tuesday evening's opener. A ball over the top of the defence saw ADAMS latch on down the right channel and he coolly beat the goalkeeper at the near post.
A run by Calvert-Lewin almost brought United a third but Egan cleared for Exeter, whilst Di Girolamo did likewise from the right just before the final whistle signalled another Blades win.
Exeter: Olejnik, Noble, McAllister, Ribeiro, Harley, Oakley, Holmes, Davies, Nichols, Wheeler, Brown. Subs: Butterfield, Nicholls, Reid, Oyeleke, Hamon, McCready, Tillson, Jay, Watkins, Read, Egan, Down, Hoskins.
Blades: Long, Freeman (Dimaio 62), Collins (McGahey 62), McEveley (K Wallace 62), Woolford (McFadzean 62), Campbell-Ryce (Scougall 62), Basham (J Wallace 62), Baxter (Reed 62), Murphy (Calvert-Lewin 62), Higdon (Adams 45), McNulty (Di Girolamo 62).


The Penn Foster Sports Nutrition Certificate will teach you the essential knowledge and skills needed to create and manage a dietetic regiment for optimizing performance.
This program includes study guides and textbooks. In addition, this program is approved for 7 continuing education units (CEUs) by the National Council on Strength and Fitness (NCSF) which can be applied toward recertification as a personal trainer. See course outline for more detail.
This program is approved by the American Council on Exercise (ACE) for 1.7 CECs toward recertification as an ACE fitness professional. ACE requires the completion of 20 hours (2.0 CECs) of continuing education biannually.


Advanced computational methods and rendering algorithms developed by AEgis Technologies and satellite imagery enables us the ability to create 3D virtual models of any required location in the world quicker than our competition at a fraction of their cost.
AEgis has hundreds of high-fidelity 3D models which include building models, ground vehicles, animated characters, aircraft, and others that can be integrated with many geospatial datasets and 2D/3D viewing applications.
AEgis Technologies brings the power, flexibility and realism of game-based development to commercial real estate planning, presentation, and visualization. Imagine the ability to transform the traditional 2D planned community or commercial development diagram into an interactive, immersive and realistic 3D experience.
Commercial developers, city planners and master planned community architects can turn to AEgis to create a virtual world featuring their project.
Low-cost, high-performance solutions for the creation of terrain databases for areas of interest anywhere in the world including correlated terrains (visual, sensor, SAF, and 2D maps) and areas of interest sized from 10x10Km region to large country-sized dataset.
AEgis offers Geographic Information System GIS feature extraction and compilation from high resolution imagery based on required level of detail to meet or surpass modeling & simulation requirements. We also offer customized geospatial services, GIS feature extraction, 2D and 3D database development, geospatial data conversion, custom map design and high resolution cultural features.
SE Core CVE is a US Army program that provides common infrastructure definition and the products necessary to enable virtual simulations to participate in the Live, Virtual and Constructive Integrated Training Environment (LVC ITE).


How does Apo-Ranitidine work? What will it do for me?
Ranitidine belongs to the class of medications called H2-antagonists. Ranitidine is used to reduce the amount of acid secreted by the stomach in order to reduce ulcer and heartburn pain or to assist in healing of ulcers and damage caused by gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Ranitidine is also used to prevent ulcers in certain circumstances and to treat a condition associated with large amounts of stomach acid secretion known as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
What side effects are possible with Apo-Ranitidine?
The side effects listed below are not experienced by everyone who takes this medication. If you are concerned about side effects, discuss the risks and benefits of this medication with your health professional. They may be able to help you to deal with some of the effects.
The following side effects may go away as your body becomes used to the medicine; check with your doctor if the following side effects continue or become bothersome.
Are there any other precautions or warnings for Apo-Ranitidine?
Kidney function: In cases of impaired kidney function, the ranitidine dose should be reduced as recommended by your doctor.
Pregnancy: The safety of ranitidine for use by pregnant women has not been established. This medication is recommended for use during pregnancy only if absolutely necessary.
Breast-feeding: Ranitidine passes into breast milk. Speak to your doctor about the risks and benefits of breast-feeding while using this medication.
Children: Experience with ranitidine use by children is limited. However, it has been used successfully by children aged 8 to 18 years in oral (by mouth) doses up to 150 mg twice daily.


This entry is part 8 of 8 in the series Pestle. Earlier posts include Pestle 1.1.1 Released, Pestle 1.1.2 Released, Magento 2 Setup Migration Scripts, Pestle 1.2.1 Released, Sending Text Messages with PHP, pestle, and Nexmo, Pestle 1.3 and AbstractModel UI Generation, and Pestle 1.4.1 and the Merits of Inheritance. This is the most recent post in the series.
Users new to pestle can find installation instructions in the GitHub README.md. Pestle is a command line framework for PHP with python like function imports, and also features a suite of code generation tools for Magento 2. These code generation tools feature heavily in our Magento 2 tutorials.
In addition to the pestle.phar package itself, the version 1.4.2 release is also the first where we'll be heavily promoting the bash completion script. This will give you tab completion for command names and some options. It also restores file path completion that the initial beta-script accidentally stomped. Big thanks to QwertyZW and whjm for help on this — apparently bash-completion is a bit of a kryptonite for me.
Other than the bash completion, 1.4.2 is a "hey we closed 10 issues in the rolling milestone let's do a maintenance release" release. For full details, check out the GitHub milestone archive.


To coincide with the 70th anniversary of the NHS, MullenLowe London launched a new campaign focusing on the retention and recruitment of the next generation of nurses. The campaign line, "We Are The NHS" is designed to be a rousing call to arms that encapsulates the pride so many feel about the profession. The campaign shows real people and real moments from all walks of nursing life: mental health nurses, learning disability nurses, district and hospital-based. Shot on location in working hospitals in Margate and Ashford, the film even includes footage of a live birth – a first for a TV commercial.


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Zecharia Sitchin (born 1922) [Ronald Story, ed., "The Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters", (New York New American Library, 2001), s.v. "Zecharia Sitchin," pp. 552.] is an author of books promoting an ancient astronaut theory of human origins. He attributes the creation of the ancient Sumerian culture to the "Annunaki" (or "Nephilim"), a race of aliens from a planet he calls "Nibiru" in the Earth's solar system. He asserts that Sumerian mythology reflects this view, though his speculations are entirely discounted by mainstream scientists, historians, and archaeologists, who see many problems with his translations of ancient texts and with his understanding of physics. [ [http://skepdic.com/sitchin.html Sitchin] at The Skeptics Dictionary]
Sitchin was born in Baku, Azerbaijan, and was raised in Palestine. He acquired some knowledge of modern and ancient Hebrew, other Semitic and European languages, the Old Testament, and the history and archeology of the Near East. Sitchin graduated from the London School of Economics, University of London, majoring in economic history. A journalist and editor in Israel for many years, he now lives and writes in New York City. His books have been widely translated, converted to braille for the blind, and featured on radio and television.
According to Sitchin's interpretation of Sumerian cosmology, there is a undiscovered planet which follows a long, elliptical orbit, reaching the inner solar system roughly every 3,600 years. This planet is called Nibiru (the planet associated with Marduk in Babylonian cosmology). According to Sitchin, Nibiru collided catastrophically with Tiamat, another supposed planet located by Sitchin between Mars and Jupiter. This collision supposedly formed the planet Earth, the asteroid belt, and the comets. Tiamat, as outlined in the Enûma Elish, is a goddess. According to Sitchin, however, Tiamat was what is now known as Earth. When struck by one of planet Nibiru's moons, Tiamat split in two. On a second pass Nibiru itself struck the broken fragments and one half of Tiamat became the asteroid belt. The second half, struck again by one of Nibiru's moons, was pushed into a new orbit and became today's planet Earth.
This scenario is hard to reconcile with the Earth's current small orbital eccentricity of only 0.0167. Sitchin's supporters maintain that it would explain Earth's peculiar early geography due to cleaving from the celestial collision, i.e., solid continents on one side and a giant ocean on the other. While this is consistent with the giant impact hypothesis for the origin of the moon, that event is estimated to have occurred 4.5 billion years ago.
The scenario outlined by Sitchin, with Nibiru returning to the inner solar system regularly every 3,600 years, implies an orbit with a semi-major axis of 235 Astronomical Units, extending from the asteroid belt to twelve times farther beyond the sun than Pluto. "Elementary perturbation theory indicates that, under the most favorable circumstances of avoiding close encounters with other planets, no body with such an eccentric orbit would keep the same period for two consecutive passages. Within twelve orbits the object would be either ejected or converted to a short period object. Thus, the search for a trans-Plutonian planet by T.C. Van Flandern of the U.S. Naval Observatory, which Sitchin uses to bolster his thesis, is no support at all." [Ellenberger, C. Leroy 1981. Marduk Unmasked. "Frontiers of Science", May-June, pp. 3-4.] [Tom Van Flandern on Coast to Coast a.m. radio program, June 25, 2008, in reply to question from host George Noory.]
Sitchin's theory "posits that, from an equal start, the Nefilim evolved on Nibiru 45 million years ahead of comparable development on Earth with its decidedly more favorable environment. Such an outcome is unlikely, to say the least, since Nibiru would spend over 99% of its time beyond Pluto. Sitchin's explanation that heat from radioactive decay and a thick atmosphere keep Nibiru warm is absurd and does not address the problem of darkness in deep space. Also unexplained is how the Nefilim, who evolved long after Nibiru arrived, knew what happened when Nibiru first entered the solar system." [Ellenberger, C. Leroy 1981. Marduk Unmasked. "Frontiers of Science", May-June, pp. 3-4.]
According to Sitchin, Nibiru was the home of a technologically advanced human-like extraterrestrial race called the Anunnaki in Sumerian myth, who Sitchin states are called the Nephilim in the Bible. He claims they first arrived on Earth probably 450,000 years ago, looking for minerals, especially gold, which they found and mined in Africa. These "gods" were the rank and file workers of the colonial expedition to Earth from planet Nibiru. Sitchin believes the Anunnaki genetically engineered "Homo sapiens" as slave creatures to work their gold mines by crossing extraterrestrial genes with those of "Homo erectus". Sitchin claims ancient inscriptions report that human civilization in Sumer of Mesopotamia was set up under the guidance of these "gods", and human kingship was inaugurated to provide intermediaries between mankind and the Anunnaki. Sitchin believes that fallout from nuclear weapons used during a war between factions of the extraterrestrials is the "evil wind" that destroyed Ur around 2000 BC (Sitchin claims the exact year is 2024 BC), described in the Lament for Ur. [ [http://www.sitchin.com/evilwind.htm Evil Wind web page] ] Sitchin claims that his research coincides with many biblical texts, and that biblical texts come originally from Sumerian writings.
When Sitchin wrote his books, only specialists could read the Sumerian language, but now anyone can check his translations by utilizing the 2006 book "Sumerian Lexicon". [cite book| last = Halloran| first = John A.| year = 2006 | title = "Sumerian Lexicon: A Dictionary Guide to the Ancient Sumerian Language"| publisher = The David Brown Book Company] Sitchin's translations of both individual words and of larger portions of ancient texts are generally found to be incorrect. [http://www.sitchiniswrong.com/sitchinerrors.htm] [http://www.ianlawton.com/mes6c.htm What's in a Shem?]
Sitchin's "planetary collision" view does superficially resemble a theory which is seriously entertained by modern astronomers — the giant impact theory of the Moon's formation about 4.5 billion years ago by a body impacting with the newly-formed Earth. However, Sitchin's proposed series of rogue planetary collisions differ in both details and timing. As with Immanuel Velikovsky's earlier "Worlds in Collision" thesis, Sitchin claims to find evidence of ancient human knowledge of rogue celestial motions in a variety of mythological accounts. In Velikovsky's case, these interplanetary collisions were supposed to have taken place within the span of human existence, whereas for Sitchin these occurred during the early stages of planetary formation, but entered the mythological account passed down via the alien race which purportedly evolved on Nibiru after these encounters.
Sitchin bases his arguments on his personal interpretations of Pre-Nubian and Sumerian texts, and the seal VA 243. Sitchin claims these ancient civilizations knew of a 12th planet, when in fact they only knew five.{http://www.michaelsheiser.com/va_243%20page.htm The Myth of a 12th Planet in Sumero-Mesopotamian Astronomy: A Study of Cylinder Seal VA 243 by Dr. Michael S. Heiser] Hundreds of Sumerian astronomical seals and calendars have been decoded and recorded, and the total count of planets on each seal has been five. Seal VA 243 has 12 dots that Sitchin identifies as planets. When translated, seal VA 243 reads "You're his Servant" which is now thought to be a message from a nobleman to a servant. According to semitologist Michael S. Heiser, the so-called sun on Seal VA 243 is not the Sumerian symbol for the sun but is a star, and the dots are also stars. [http://www.michaelsheiser.com/VA243seal.pdf The Myth of a 12th Planet: A Brief Analysis of Cylinder Seal VA 243 by Michael S. Heiser] The symbol on seal VA 243 has no resemblance to the hundreds of documented Sumerian sun symbols.
Similar ideas have been advanced by authors such as Immanuel Velikovsky, Erich von Däniken, Alan F. Alford and Laurence Gardner. Alford later recanted his views and became a critic of Sitchin's interpretation of myth.
Raëlism, the UFO religion founded by Claude Vorilhon, draws much of its beliefs from Sitchin's work, as does the Nuwaubian religion founded by Dwight York.
Zetatalk, the internet cult founded by self-proclaimed contactee Nancy Leider, describes "Planet X", a large object they claim is about to hit Earth, as "Nibiru" in reference to Sitchin's claims.
David Icke and Alex Collier also draw on Sitchin's work in their conspiracy theories.
itchin Bibliography
* "The 12th Planet" (Earth Chronicles, No. 1), New York: Harper, 1976, ISBN 038039362X
* "The Stairway to Heaven" (Earth Chronicles, No. 2), 1980, Avon Books (Bear & Company, 1992, ISBN 0939680890; Harper, 2007, ISBN 0061379204)
* "The Wars of Gods and Men" (Earth Chronicles, No. 3), 1985, Avon Books (Bear & Company, 1992, ISBN 0939680904)
* "The Lost Realms" (Earth Chronicles, No. 4), AVON BOOKS, 1990, ISBN 0-380-75890-3
* "Genesis Revisited: Is Modern Science Catching Up With Ancient Knowledge?", (AVON BOOKS, 1990, ISBN 0-380-76159-9)
* "When Time Began" (Earth Chronicles, No. 5), 1993), (HARPER, 2007, ISBN-10:0061 37928X, ISBN-13:978-0061379284)
* "Divine Encounters: A Guide to Visions, Angels and Other Emissaries", AVON BOOKS, 1995, ISBN 0-380-78076-3)
* "The Cosmic Code" (Earth Chronicles, No. 6), AVON BOOKS, 1998, ISBN 0-380-80157-4)
* "The Lost Book of Enki: Memoirs and Prophecies of an Extraterrestrial god", Bear & Company, 2002, ISBN 1591430372
* "The Earth Chronicles Expeditions", Bear & Company, 2004, ISBN-13: 978-1591430766
* "The End of Days: Armageddon and Prophecies of the Return (Earth Chronicles, No 7), William Morrow, 2007, ISBN 978-0-06-123823-9
* "Journeys to the Mythical Past" (Earth Chronicles Expedition) Bear and Company, 2007 ISBN-13:978-1591430803
* "Are We Alone in the Universe?" (based on "Genesis Revisited"), documentary, 1978 (2003 DVD release) [imdb title|0179649|Are We Alone in the Universe?]
* Panbabylonism
* Planet X
* Planet V
Critical of Sitchin
* [http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Corridor/8148/zindex.html Zecharia Sitchin's Ancient Astronaut Theories - A Skeptical Archive]
* [http://www.sitchiniswrong.com/sitchinerrors.htm Zecharia Sitchin's Errors: An Overview]
* [http://skepdic.com/sitchin.html Skeptic's Dictionary entry on Sitchin]
* [http://www.sitchiniswrong.com Michael S. Heiser on Sitchins theories]
* [http://jcolavito.tripod.com/lostcivilizations/id14.html Zecharia Sitchin's World]
* [http://www.ianlawton.com/mesindex.htm Ian Lawton's Mesopotamia Papers]
* [http://www.lauralee.com/vanflan.htm An Astronomer's View of the Akkadian Seal by Tom van Flandern]
* [http://www.ramtops.co.uk/siren.html Sitchin's Sumerian Astronomy Challenged]
Pro-Sitchin
* [http://www.sitchin.com/ Zecharia Sitchin's Official Website]
* [http://www.planetxvideo.com/ Planet X Video]
* [http://xfacts.com/x.htm Nibiru Facts]
* [http://www.my12thplanet.com/ "Robby D. Duncan's" "12th Planet"]
Claremont, Virginia
Dendron, Virginia
Zecharia Sitchin — Nacimiento 11 de julio de 1920 Bakú, Azerbaiyán Fallecimiento … Wikipedia Español
Zecharia Sitchin — (* 11. Juli 1920 in Baku; † 9. Oktober 2010 in New York) war ein US amerikanischer Bestsellerautor. Sitchin war ein bekannter Vertreter der Prä Astronautik. In seinen Büchern stellte er über die Übersetzung von alten vorchristlichen sumerischen… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Zecharia Sitchin — est un écrivain d origine russe né en 1922 et décédé le 9 octobre 2010[1]. Ses théories, mêlant celle du néo évhémérisme et celle du dessein intelligent de type extraterrestre, sont considérées comme pseudo scientifiques par les scientifiques et… … Wikipédia en Français
Zecharia Sitchin — es un ocultista y ufólogo de origen ruso. Educado en Palestina y licenciado en Historia Económica por la London School of Economics. Conoce en profundidad el hebreo clásico y el moderno, y lee el sumerio así como otros idiomas antiguos de oriente … Enciclopedia Universal
Sitchin — Zecharia Sitchin (* 1922 in Baku) ist ein amerikanischer Bestsellerautor. Sitchin ist ein bekannter Vertreter der Prä Astronautik. In seinen Büchern behauptet er, durch Übersetzung von alten vorchristlichen sumerischen Keilschrift Texten Beweise… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ancient astronauts — Ancient paintings from Val Camonica, Italy are believed to depict forgotten deities; ancient astronaut proponents claim these pictures resemble modern day astronauts despite being painted ca. 10,000 BC. Claims Intelligent extraterrestrial life… … Wikipedia
Nibiru collision — This article is about the doomsday scenario. For other uses, see Nibiru. V838 Mon, a star with an expanding light echo, purported as photographic evidence of Nibiru The Nibiru collision is a supposed disastrous encounter between the Earth and a… … Wikipedia
Ancient astronaut theories — or paleocontact are various proposals that intelligent extraterrestrial beings have visited Earth and that this contact is linked to the origins or development of human cultures, technologies and/or religions. Some of these theories suggests that … Wikipedia
Planetary objects proposed in religion, astrology, ufology and pseudoscience — This article is about non scientific hypothetical planetary objects. For scientifically accepted hypothetical planetary objects, see Hypothetical planet (disambiguation). For fictional planets, see Planets in science fiction. There are a number… … Wikipedia
Hypothetical planetary object (non-scientific) — There are a number of planets or planetary bodies whose existence is not supported by scientific evidence, but which are occasionally believed to exist by pseudoscientists, conspiracy theorists, or certain religious groups. Some were proposed… … Wikipedia

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Airborne atmospheric measurements from core and non-core instrument suites data on board the FAAM BAE-146 aircraft collected for Polluted Troposphere NERC Research Programme (AMPEP) and Flux Experiment (FLUXEX) projects.
names: height, Altitude from the XR5 GPS system.
names: CO mixing ratio from the AL5002 instrument.
names: Cabin temperature at the core consoles.
names: Corrected downward long wave irradiance.
names: Corrected downward short wave irradiance, clear dome.
names: Corrected downward short wave irradiance, red dome.
names: Corrected upward long wave irradiance.
names: Corrected upward short wave irradiance, clear dome.
names: Corrected upward short wave irradiance, red dome.
names: Corrected velocity east derived from XR5 GPS and Honeywell INU data.
names: Corrected velocity north derived from XR5 GPS and Honeywell INU data.
names: Heading from Honeywell H423 INU.
names: Indicated air speed from the aircraft RVSM system.
names: Liquid water content from the Johnson Williams instrument.
names: NO mixing ratio from the TECO 42 instrument.
names: NO2 mixing ratio from the TECO 42 instrument.
names: NOx mixing ratio from the TECO 42 instrument.
names: Ozone mixing ratio from the TECO 49.
names: Pitch from Honeywell H423 INU.
names: air_pressure, Pitot static pressure from the aircraft RVSM system.
long_name: Pressure height from the aircraft RVSM system.
names: height, Pressure height from the aircraft RVSM system.
names: Roll from Honeywell H423 INU.
names: air_pressure, Static pressure from the aircraft RVSM system.
names: Total condensation nucleus concentration from TSI 3025A.
long_name: Total water content from the TWC instrument.
names: Total water content from the TWC instrument.
names: True air speed from the aircraft RVSM system and deiced temperature.
names: Uncorrected liquid water content from the Nevzorov probe.
long_name: Upwelling radiometric infrared brightness temperature.
names: Upwelling radiometric infrared brightness temperature.
names: latitude, Corrected latitude derived from XR5 GPS and Honeywell INU data.
names: longitude, Corrected longitude derived from XR5 GPS and Honeywell INU data.


You love your girls, and they love you. And they want more than anything to be part of your big day...and to be part of the planning too!
But let's be real, you live in Los Angeles. And that's only a "problem" because your Maid of Honor lives in New York, one of your bridesmaids lives in Oregon and the other is traveling abroad all over the world. So while you want to call the three of them up to set up a day of dress shopping, venue shopping, and DIY's, it's not as easy as it sounds!
If you are in a rut and just want your girls to help plan with you, right by your side, then here are some tips to keeping your bridesmaids involved...even from a distance!
We have a love-hate relationship with technology when it comes to marriage, but in this case, Facetime is our best friend! Take your phone with you on all planning appointments, and your bridesmaids can be there to see your potential venues, dresses, and to help ask the questions you may be forgetting. And ultimately, to help you get that wedding planned!
And with Facetime, they're basically there by your side!
For the bridesmaids who really want to be involved, give them a list of your top five or top ten vendors in each category. Have them research reviews, photos, packages and pricing and send them your way to narrow down based on their findings! It's not much fun, but they'll be excited and more than happy to help!
You can even have a DIY wine and cheese night together...over Skype of course!
For those of you who haven't discovered it yet, there is a way to invite your friends to specific boards you have made! Invite your bridesmaids to pin ideas they find to your wedding board and from there, you'll have all of your ideas in one place!
They can pin at any time and share their favorite ideas with you from afar!
No matter how close or how far, find a way to keep your friends involved in the wedding. Because it's more fun that way! Do your bridesmaids live across the country or across the world? How have you involved them in the wedding plans?


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SECOND XI: Darcy move five points clear at Premier summit
SIX OF THE BEST: Lostock's Tom Mills took six wickets against Farnworth Social Circle seconds
DARCY Lever moved five points clear at the top of the Bolton League Second XI Premiership following a crushing 221-runs victory over Westhoughton at The Levers last weekend.
Batting first, they amassed a formidable total of 277-8 from their 45 overs.
Bilal Khan led the way with a fine 94, with good support coming from Mujtaba Khan, who made 38, and Ifkar Ali, with 31, as most of the batsmen chipped in.
Sam Connor, with 4-31, and Chris Leyland (3-99) were the leading bowlers for the visitors.
The Westhoughton reply was simply blown away as Mujtaba then added 3-3 to his earlier runs and, aided by Adil Sajjad (3-5) and Toseef Hanif (3-28), bowled them out for just 56 with only TJ Pindoria making double figures.
Heaton took advantage of Westhoughton's defeat to jump over them into second place as they stormed to a nine-wicket win at Adlington.
The home side went in first and only James Walton managed double figures as they were shot out for just 51, with the bulk of the damage done by Tom Whylie, who took 4-19, and James Larkin (3-16).
Heaton had little trouble knocking off the runs as Robin Isted hit a rapid unbeaten 37 to see them home to an early finish.
Bradshaw and Astley Bridge enjoyed a tight tussle at The Rigbys before Bridge narrowly emerged on top by a margin of just two wickets.
Chasing 117 to win, a good spell of 3-7 from Luke Davenport put them on the back foot, but in the end, 25 from Bilal Patel proved decisive in getting his side home.
Bradshaw had batted first and were indebted to 32 from Luke Needham and Matt Hilton (20) for helping them to a total of 116 as Nick Ford claimed 4-24 for the visitors.
Farnworth Social Circle staged a remarkable recovery from 78-8 to eventually post a more challenging total of 166 in the end against Lostock.
Aryan Soma, with 76, and Luke Wilson (44) were the main players in the recovery after Tom Mills had taken 6-50 to have the innings in trouble.
Despite 30 from Will Berry and 25 from Ste Kaye, Lostock never really threatened to reach their target and were eventually all out for 116 in reply as Andy Brookes took 3-24 and Azan Riaz 3-26 for Social.
The Horwich RMI v Kearsley game fell foul of the weather, so with three games to go it looks like the title will realistically probably go to Darcy Lever, Heaton or Westhoughton, while at the bottom it looks like another three-way fight to avoid relegation between Adlington, Bradshaw and Kearsley.
The Association Division was badly affected by the weather with the games at Blackrod, Daisy Hill and Little Lever all called, so just two matches managed to get completed.
Golborne made the most of their game at Eagley, getting on to consolidate their second position in the table after an 18-run win in a low-scoring affair.
The home side must have been confident of success after bowling Golborne out for just 86, but Jamie Foster (3-13) and Tom Peacock (3-16) had other ideas and shot Eagley out for 68 in reply with only two batsmen in double figures.
Ben Lyon had earlier top scored for the visitors, making 24 as Mick Craig took 4-32 and George Jackson 3-14.
Walkden travelled to Higham Park and came away with a good win by a 43-run margin in another relatively low-scoring game.
Batting first, they eventually totalled 143, thanks in the main to 48 from Harry Morgan and 44 from Josh Wilson as Dan Ashton took 5-14 in a great spell for the home team.
Morgan then took centre stage with the ball as he took 4-15 and, with Mo Razzaq backing him up well with 3-29, Atherton could only make 100 in reply with the top score being just 18.
Farnworth and Golborne look to be in pole position for the promotion places with a nine-point gap now to third-placed Little Lever, while at the other end of the table it looks like a two-way scrap between neighbours Atherton and Daisy Hill to avoid the wooden spoon.


The peregrine falcon is a small, fast-flying elite predator capable of taking down birds 3 times its size.
Over the centuries, cultures have regarded the peregrine falcon as a royal bird. For Native Americans of the Mississippian culture (circa 800-1500), the bird symbolized celestial power and inspired many of the costumes that men of high status were buried in. During the Middle Ages, Western European nobles trained peregrines for hunting and regarded them as prince-like, second in hierarchy to the gyrfalcon, which they associated with kings.
Peregrines can cruse at up to 35 m.p.h., reaching nearly 70 m.p.h. when chasing prey. A peregrine diving with closed wings to catch food can clock an estimated speeds of more than 230 m.p.h.
Once nearing extinction because of DDT, peregrines made a remarkable comeback after the banning of the pesticide. Chicago in particular launched a program in the 1980s to protect the birds and help them thrive. Today peregrines can be found nesting in outer structures of skyscrapers and soaring above and throughout the Windy City.


Analysis of recalls notified under the European Union's rapid alert system for dangerous non-food products (RAPEX) between 2015 and 2018 shows that 33% of furniture recalls were for bunk beds.
The figures relating to furniture recalls have remained relatively static during the period between 2015 and 2018, but the data does reveal some interesting points for manufacturers and suppliers to consider.
Between 2015 and 2018, bunk beds have made up 33% of the total number of products recalled in the furniture sector. The majority of recalls relate to non-conformity with the EN 747 standard for safety, strength and durability.
It is noticeable that Sweden was the primary notifying country, with the products mainly coming from Poland.
In 2018, for the first time, an ironing board was recalled. The notifying body was France, who in 2018 led a campaign regarding ironing boards coming onto the French market. Currently, France possesses the only standard for ironing boards, national standard NF D 80 010, which contains safety information about stability and strength. The recalled product posed a stability problem and did not fulfill the requirements of this standard.
Stakeholders should be aware other countries are now considering applying NF D 80 010 for ironing boards to prove conformity to the General Product Safety Directive (GPSD).
Annually, the number of countries registering recalls on RAPEX continues to rise. Currently, Lithuania and Spain are the most active members, representing around 40% of recalls in total. However, Bulgaria, Denmark, France and a new addition to the list, Sweden, are beginning to catch up.
RAPEX not only records notifying countries but also the countries of origin in its annual overview. In 2018, as in previous years, most recalled products were made in China (44%). In the main, this is because China is the dominant exporter of furniture to the EU. After this, Poland appears second with 28% of recalls – most bunk bed recalls relate to Polish products. Finally, Vietnam is in third place with 8%. Vietnam is the main producer of outdoor furniture.
Spain has already notified a recall for an outdoor furniture product that didn't meet the requirements for EN 581-1.
Stakeholders should also be aware that, following updates to EN 1022 for seat stability and EN 1335-2 for office furniture, we may expect more controls starting in June 2019. By this time, all Member States of the EU will have adopted the new versions and withdrawn the previous iteration.
With our furniture services spanning everything from product development to testing, inspection and certification, SGS can help you produce furniture that is well-designed, functional and industry compliant. Wherever you are in the world, we will ensure you meet or exceed all regional, national and international standards to the benefit of your business, retailers and customers alike. Find out what our Furniture Services can do for you today.
The arrival of a new royal baby focuses attention on the need for only safe and compliant children's products to be brought to the marketplace.


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Maria Lassnig at the Serpentine – the Sunday Times review
A naked 89-year-old Austrian has you in her sights at the Serpentine. And her brutality is brilliant
A woman points a gun at you as you enter the Serpentine Gallery. With her other hand, she points a second gun at her own head. So, is she going to shoot you? Or shoot herself? She is stark naked and sitting with her legs apart, so nothing is hidden. It's all very harsh and unsettling. Sagging breasts. An exposed oopsie. But you haven't yet heard the most extraordinary fact about this opening painting, which is that the artist who produced it is 89 years old, and this is her self-portrait. Seven years older than HM the Queen, yet here she is, naked as a porn star, forcing you to stare at her bits and pointing guns at you. Welcome to the startling world of Maria Lassnig.
Lassnig is Austrian; she was born in 1919 and studied in Vienna. Over the years, she has tried her hand at various branches of art – she makes films, she performs – but, at heart, she is a painter, and the Serpentine show, her British debut, is devoted solely to her latest pictures. So, this isn't a retrospective or a reexamination or anything as measured as that. This is an unleashing. An 89-year-old Austrian paint warrior, born in the age of Freud, toughened by a century of relentless conflict and now encouraged to flower, so very belatedly, by an art world that has suddenly developed a bewildering taste for older women, is being given her head. Visiting blokes are advised to bring a helmet.
The naked self-portrait with two guns, called, cockily, You or Me, turns out to be typical in its immodesty and its pinkness. Lassnig's art features lots of inventive nudity. Indeed, the opening wall text characterises her output as "body-awareness painting", as if her chief idea is to convey in pictures what it feels like to be inside an 89-year-old body. I buy some of that. But the overall impression made by this magnificently splenetic show is not of a wise old-timer thoughtfully examining herself from within, but – and this is much better – of a totally fearless accoster of the rest of us, who is much too old to give a monkey's about how she comes across, watching the world, watching the battle of the sexes, running her jaundiced eye along us and not knowing whether to laugh, cry or shoot herself.
The self-portrait with guns is part of a large chunk of Lassnig's output in which big pink nudes act out scary scenes from the war between men and women against a background of pure white. Imagine the clientele of an Austrian bierkeller stripped naked and turfed out into the snow. No backgrounds. No clothes. Nowhere to hide. Lassnig says she dispensed with backgrounds because they were a distraction. Yet there's an element of cruelty, also, to her approach. In one such picture, a plump Austrian hausfrau, stripped naked behind a row of cakes, is sarcastically dubbed the Madonna of the Pastries. Elsewhere, a fat bloke angrily scrunching up a toy globe is The World Destroyer.
Like her near contemporary Louise Bourgeois, with whom she shares a fierce sense of shame-lessness to go with her seemingly unseemly fascination with sex, Lassnig is a living link with art's past who has somehow survived into the present, where she has made herself popular, pertinent and – would you believe it? – fashionable. But this is also an impressive British debut because it is very varied. Directness turns out to be only one of her many modes. In the main gallery, the show acquires luscious full-colour backgrounds and grows all tender, even soppy, in a sequence of sad paintings featuring a couple wrapped spookily in sheets of plastic. Apparently, Lassnig had a moment of epiphany in a super-market. Looking down at some fruit packaged in preservative plastic, she recognised a creepy metaphor for the distance between people.
Finally, there's a group of paintings in which she really shows her age – and reveals most clearly her ancient debt to surrealism, which she just about experienced the first time around – by turning men and women into warring biomorphic blobs, threatening and poking each other. Pudenda become mouths. Phalluses become heads. Spikes enter holes. It's a garish anatomical free-for-all, inspired a touch too obviously, perhaps, by Picasso's surrealist phase.
Thus, the show switches modes with excellent insouciance. But, whether it is being blobby or direct, flesh-coloured or Day-Glo, the feeling persists that what is being examined most keenly here is the relationship between women and men. Like Bourgeois again, Lassnig seems to have waited until her old age before getting fully in touch with the fears and feelings of a little girl. Given what has recently been happening in the cellars of Austria, the temptation to read some huge and hugely disturbing national uber-truths into her output is practically irresistible. As if on cue, in the show's creepiest stretch, a picture pops up of a middle-aged fat man molesting a child, then, in the next image, picking her up like a toy to have sex with her. The naked child has the features of the woman with the guns, so it's another portrayal of Lassnig, this time as an abused adolescent. Mockingly entitled Don Juan d'Austria, this unsettling picture was painted in 2001, and is clearly, and now scarily, by an artist who already knew something horrible and dark about Austrian men. Now we all know. She's a voice from the past that the present would be wise to listen to.
The Serpentine deserves plenty of hearty subAlpine slaps on the back for finally unveiling this spooky and gripping octogenarian (soon to be nonagenarian) talent. Lassnig's wild-eyed, untameable art seems to bubble up from the gut, from somewhere deep down where the instincts gather and ferment. She is one of those Austrian artists for whom the human body will always be a war zone and never a temple. Think Schiele. Think Kokoschka. Think – if you have the nerve, or at least a mop with which to soak up the blood – Hermann Nitsch, the beast of Vienna. And, although I hate to draw too weighty a national conclusion from the partial evidence of art, or to generalise too readily on the immediate, either being Austrian has a particularly powerful directional impact on the psyche of artists or I am going blind.
I was looking forward to Gregory Crewdson at White Cube. He began as a modest model-maker, creating weird little worlds out of matchboxes, toilet rolls and the like, which he would then photograph in such a way that their scale was disguised and their heft magnified. It was all very Blue Peter, but charming. Unfortunately, someone gave him a chequebook and his ambitions ballooned. Blue Peter turned into a Spielberg movie. Beneath the Roses is a suite of moody photographs produced over three years in small-town Massachusetts by a cast of dozens of grips, electricians, photographers, best boys, lighting directors, set builders, actors, costumiers and their dogs, all of whom have been trying to squeeze a movie's worth of clout out of a single image. Against a background of harsh American architecture, the lights pick out an old woman writing a letter, a pregnant woman standing in the snow, a naked couple having sex under a bridge. The idea is that Crewdson supplies you with a central moment and you fill in the rest of the film. Yet so clichéd are the situations, so melodramatic the setups, so wasteful the production process and so tiny the resonances, all this effort feels scandalously wasteful.
« Art in the Age of Steam – the Sunday Times review
Grayson Perry: Unpopular Culture »


When I'm not posting regularly or I'm writing less often, I feel I should swat myself with a rolled-up newspaper, or even a board book. But my lapse in productivity of late has been forgivable, I'm sure you will agree, as we welcome our adorable newest family member—our granddaughter, Linny!
Look, Mommy, she has hair!
Delighted big brother gets to hold little sister with Daddy Charlie and our daughter, Aunt Becky.
This one makes me smile all over. Caleb and his baby sister on their first morning at home together.
New England Independent Booksellers Assoc.
My big sister & me at the beach.
My family & me in our backyard.
Me in kindergarten, and in college.
© Jane Sutton. Website by We Love Children's Books.


text:
\section{Introduction}
In recent years, ultrasound technology has made remarkable progress in medical applications, and is often used for imaging\cite{Yabata, Prastika}, biosensors\cite{Zhou1, Kato, Noi2021}, and gas sensors\cite{Zhou2,Zhou3}, and the ultrasound frequencies used in these applications are generally in the megahertz band. However, it has become clear that even low-frequency ultrasound waves with a frequency of several tens of kilohertz can interact with small proteins and dramatically affect their reactions as described below.

Amyloid fibril is misfolded aggregate of specific protein, which shows a highly ordered, $\beta$-sheet-rich, needle-like structure\cite{Chiti,Eisenberg}. When these amyloid fibrils are deposited inside and outside of nerve cells, they are involved in the development of neurodegenerative diseases \cite{Hardy, Berthelot, Hoshi}. The proteins that make up amyloid fibrils are different in each neurodegenerative disease, such as amyloid $\beta$ (A$\beta$) peptide and Tau protein in Alzheimer's disease and $\alpha$-synuclein in Parkinson's disease.\cite{Stephan, Wischik, Kramer, Masters, Spillantini, Spillantini2}. Interestingly, a common reaction process has been observed in the formation of amyloid fibrils regardless of the type of constituent protein: The misfolded proteins form the nucleus, followed by an elongation reaction in which monomeric proteins are adsorbed to the ends of the nuclei and fibrils to elongate the fibrils.\cite{Arosio,Ferrone,Lee} Another common feature is that the energy barrier for the nucleation reaction is very high\cite{Jerrett, Nakajima1}, and the fibril formation reaction takes a long time. In order to promote amyloid fibril formation, considerably higher concentrations of protein compared to biological concentrations and agitation such as stirring and rotation have been used\cite{Giehm}.  The fibril formation behavior can be monitored by a fluorometric analysis using thioflavin T (ThT), which specifically binds to the $\beta$-sheet structure in amyloid fibrils and emits high-intensity fluorescence\cite{Naiki}. An increase in the ThT fluorescence intensity therefore indicates the increase in formed fibrils.

Ultrasound irradiation is a beneficial method to significantly promote the nucleation of amyloid fibrils. It repeatedly creates positive and negative pressures in the solution.The mechanism of accelerated nucleation reaction is explained by the interaction between cavitation bubbles generated by ultrasound wave and dissolved proteins. The cavitation bubbles grow under negative pressure, and a large amount of protein molecules are trapped on the surfaces of the bubbles by their hydrophobic sites. Then, when the acoustic pressure switches to positive pressure, the bubbles contract and collapse in a short time, so that the adsorbed protein molecules are collected at contraction points of the bubbles and condensed locally, and at the same time, a transient temperature increase due to adiabatic compression of the gas in the bubble occurs, which accelerates the nucleation reaction.\cite{Uesugi, Nakajima1,Nakajima2}.

We have developed a high-throughput fluorescence spectroscopy system that can monitor the formation process of amyloid fibrils while performing ultrasound stimulation and named it "HANABI" (Handai amyloid burst inducer).\cite{So, Umemoto, Yoshimura1}. In this system, a 96-well microplate containing protein solutions is placed near the water surface in a water bath, and three ultrasound generators simultaneously irradiate the microplate from below in the water bath. We applied the HANABI system to various proteins and found that it was an effective system for studying their fibril formation behavior\cite{So,Chatani, Yagi,Muta,Yagi2,Kakuda}. However, there are several problems with the HANABI system: The powerful ultrasonic waves emitted from the three ultrasonic generators fixed at the bottom of the water bath generate a large number of cavitation bubbles in the bath, which scatter the ultrasonic waves, resulting in uneven ultrasonic energy input to each well of the microplate. In addition, the temperature in the bath fluctuates due to ultrasound, resulting in poor reproducibility.

To solve these problems, we developed a multichannel ultrasonic sonochemical reactor with fluorescence measurement system, in which the water bath was removed and one transducer was placed in each well of a 96-well microplate (Fig. 1\cite{Noi}). As a result, we successfully detected the amyloid fibril formation of $\beta$2-microglobulin  ($\beta$2m)  and the low concentration seed of $\beta$2m\cite{NakajimaACS,NakajimaUS}. We name this improved HANABI system "HANABI-2000". In the previous study\cite{Noi}, we have shown that the developed multichannel ultrasound reactor is capable of inducing fibrillation reactions of A$\beta_{1-40}$ and $\alpha$-synuclein solutions.  Here, the applicability of the developed system to amyloid assay measurements was investigated in more detail, not only for A$\beta_{1-40}$ and $\alpha$-synuclein, but also for $\beta$2m and lysozyme from egg white.  We confirmed that the multichannel sonochemical reactor can significantly promote the formation of amyloid fibrils of these proteins, and that the reaction rate of each well can be controlled by adjusting the ultrasound irradiation conditions individually.

\section{Experimental methods and instruments}
\subsection{ Materials and protein preparation}
Lyophilized-powder A$\beta_{1-40}$ peptides were purchased from Peptide Institute (No. 4307-v). Recombinant human $\beta$2m protein with an additional methionine residue at the N terminus and recombinant human $\alpha$-synuclein were expressed in E. coli and purified as described elsewhere \cite{Chiti,Chiba,Yagi3}. Lysozyme, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), phosphate-buffer saline (PBS), NaCl, and Thioflavin-T (ThT) were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd.

The powder of A$\beta_{1-40}$ was dissolved in DMSO, and the solution was diluted with 100 mM PBS mixed with NaCl and ThT to obtain a final concentration of 5 $\mu$M of A$\beta_{1-40}$, 100 mM of NaCl, and 5 $\mu$M of ThT at pH 7.4. (The volume ratio of DMSO to PBS is 1:4.)

Lyophilized powdered $\alpha$-synuclein was dissolved in 0.8 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.9) containing ThT to obtain a solution with a final concentration of 7.0 $\mu$M of $\alpha$-synuclein with 5 $\mu$M ThT.

Lyophilized powdered $\beta$2m was dissolved in 10 mM HCl (pH 2.0) containing NaCl and ThT to obtain a final concentration of 8.5 $\mu$M of $\beta$2m with 100 mM NaCl and 5 $\mu$M ThT.

Powder lysozyme from egg white (No. 20841-54, Nacalai Tesque Inc.) was dissolved by 3 M guanidinium chloride containing HCl and ThT to obtain a final concentration of 35 $\mu$M of lysozyme with 10 mM NaCl and 5 $\mu$M ThT.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=85mm]{Fig1.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{(a) Schematic of a multichannel sonochemical reactor (HANABI-2000). Each piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer with dimensions of 4.24$\times$4.24$\times$54 mm$^3$ is sequentially fed a 0.3-ms-long burst signal by a fast switching device. (b) Schematic of a single PZT transducer and one well of a 96-well plate.}
\label{Fig1.eps}
\end{figure}

\subsection{Multiplechannel sonochemical reactor}
We have developed a spectroscopic multichannel sonochemical reactor, as shown in Fig. 1\cite{Noi}.  A single piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer is placed in each well of a 96-well microplate and it irradiates the sample solution in the well through a thin ($<\sim$0.1 mm) plastic sheet with ultrasound, and the fluorescence measurement is performed from the back surface.   The PZT transducers are driven in turn by a 0.1 ms burst signal via a fast switching device. The amplitude and frequency of the burst signal can be controlled individually for each well. Typical amplitude and frequency of the burst signal are 100 V and 29 kHz, respectively.

The sample solutions were pipetted into a 96-well microplate. Each well was filled with the sample solution and sealed with the 0.1 mm thick plastic film so as to prevent air from entering.  The 96-well microplate was then set in the multichannel sonochemical reactor. A quartz hemisphere was bonded to the end face of each PZT transducer, which makes point contact with the plastic film, introducing ultrasonic waves. The PZT transducer was supported by an O-ring at the node of the resonant vibration. In each well, the sample solution was sonicated for 0.1 ms followed by 8 s of quiescence.  This set of 0.1-ms irradiation and 8-s quiescence was repeated for several tens of hours in all wells, acquiring the fluorescence intensity every 10 min.  The amount of the formed amyloid fibrils was evaluated by the fluorescence intensity of ThT, where the ThT molecule was excited at 450 nm, and its fluorescence at 485 nm was detected.

\subsection{AFM measurement}
The morphology of the aggregates formed in the solution was observed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) using an instrument produced by Shimadzu Corporation (SPM A9600).  The tapping mode was used with a silicon cantilever (stiffness: 40 N/m, resonant frequency: 300 kHz). The ultrasonically irradiated solution was dropped onto the mica with the new surface and incubated for 15 min. Then, it was washed with 100 $\mu$l of ultrapure water and dried before AFM observation.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=85mm]{Fig2.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Changes in ThT fluorescence intensity for A$\beta_{1-40}$ peptide (a),(b) measured by the multichannel sohochemical reactor, (c) under shaking, and (d) under quiescent. In (b), data extracted from the initial stage of the reaction in (a) is shown. }
\label{Fig2.eps}
\end{figure}

\section{Results and Discussion}
Figure 2(a) shows the time course of ThT fluorescence intensity of A$\beta_{1-40}$ solution measured by the HANABI-2000 system. These are the results of simultaneous measurements of 12 wells in one microplate.  Although there seems to be some variation in the change in fluorescence intensity, the variation is small enough when we focus on the initial rise time of the fluorescence intensity (Fig. 2(b)). The rapid increase in the fluorescence intensity corresponds to the onset of amyloid fibril formation.  For comparison,  changes in the ThT fluorescence intensity were measured under shaking and quiescent conditions (Figs. 2(c) and (d), respectively).  When the threshold of the lag time to amyloid formation is set to 0.1 of the maximum ThT intensity, the average values of the lag time obtained in the multichannel sonochemical reactor, shaking, and quiescent are 1.7, 5.1 and 23 h, respectively.  Therefore, our developed multichannel sonochemical reactor can significantly accelerate the amyloid fibril formation of A$\beta_{1-40}$ peptide.

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=80mm]{Fig3.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Time-course curves of ThT fluorescence intensity for $\alpha$ synuclein ((a) and (b)), $\beta$2m ((c) and (d)), and lysozyme ((e) and (f)).  (a), (c), and (e) are measurements by the multichannel sonochemical reactor; and (b), (d), and (f) are obtained under shaking condition.}
\label{Fig3.eps}
\end{figure}

Figures 3 (a), (c), and (e) show the results of the measurements for $\alpha$-synuclein,  $\beta$2m, and lysozyme, respectively. All protein solutions showed a rapid increase in the ThT fluorescence intensity within 15 h when using our multichannel sonochemical reactor.  We used the coefficient of variation (CV) value as a measure of reproducibility, which is the standard deviation divided by the average value.  Table I shows the average lag time, standard deviation, and the CV value.  It can be seen that the CV values are very low for the measurements for all samples, indicating high reproducibility among different wells. For example, in our previous study with the high-throughput fluorescence spectroscopy system (previous HANABI system), the CV value for $\beta$2m solution was about 20\% at the optimal conditions under plate movement\cite{Umemoto}, which was reduced to 14\% in the HANABI-2000 instrument. It is also important to note that AFM observation confirmed the formation of amyloid fibrils in all sample solutions as shown in Fig. 4. Although it is reported that ultrasound irradiation causes fragmentation of amyloid fibrils\cite{Chatani2}, sufficiently long amyloid fibrils up to 5  $\mu$m were observed in the present study. Therefore, the ultrasound irradiation by the multichannel sonochemical reactor developed in this study contributes to the elongation of amyloid fibrils rather than their fragmentation.

On the other hand, under shaking condition, the ThT fluorescence intensity did not increase in some wells even after 280 h (Figs. 3(b), (d), and (f)), and the lag time variation was significantly large (Table I). These results indicate that the HANABI-2000 system developed in this study not only promotes the formation of amyloid fibrils of various proteins, but also achieves high reproducibility.

\begin{table}[tb]
\begin{center}
\caption{Average (Ave), standard deviation (SD), and coefficient of variation (CV) of lag time for amyloid fibril formation A$\beta_{1-40}$, $\alpha$ synuclein, $\beta$2m, and lysozyme observed by the multichannel sonochemical reactor (HANABI-2000), shaking, and quiescent. There were wells in which ThT intensity failed to increase under shaking and quiescent conditions, and the lag time was considered as the time at the end of the measurement (280 h) for them.
}
\label{parameter}
\begin{tabular}{ccccc} \hline\hline
 &  & Average (h)  & SD (h)  & CV (\%)\\\hline
A$\beta_{1-40}$ & HANABI-2000 & 1.65  & 0.42  & 25.2\\
 & shaking & 5.09  & 0.59  & 11.5\\
 & quiescent  & 23.3  & 3.73  & 16.0\\
 \hline
$\alpha$ synuclein & HANABI-2000 & 8.71  & 1.20  & 13.8\\
 & shaking & 238 & 66.3 & 27.9\\
\hline
$\beta$2m & HANABI-2000 & 5.12  & 0.73  & 14.3\\
 & shaking & 160 & 65.2 & 40.6\\
\hline
Lysozyme & HANABI-2000 & 7.64  & 1.36  & 18.0\\
 & shaking & 248 & 57.8 & 23.3\\
 \hline\hline
 \end{tabular}
\end{center}
\end{table}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=90mm]{Fig4.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{AFM images of (a) A$\beta_{1-40}$, (b) $\alpha$ synuclein, (c) $\beta$2m, and (d) lysozyme, respectively, after ultrasonic irradiation by the HANABI-2000 system. The scale bars indicate 1 $\mu$m.}
\label{Fig4.eps}
\end{figure}

\begin{figure}
\begin{center}
\includegraphics[width=90mm]{Fig5.eps}
\end{center}
\caption{Relationship between voltage applied to piezoelectric transducer and inverse of lag time in fibril formation reaction of A$\beta_{1-40}$ peptide.}
\label{Fig5.eps}
\end{figure}

Finally, we investigated the effect of the voltage applied to the PZT transducer on the fibril formation reaction. Figure 5 shows the relationship between the inverse of the lag time and the applied voltage for amyloid fibril formation using A$\beta_{1-40}$ peptide. The result indicates that as the applied voltage increases, the lag time becomes shorter, and the fibril formation reaction can be controlled by adjusting the applied voltage.  This characteristic is very important in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, a method has been proposed to amplify amyloid fibrils by adding body fluids, such as cerebrospinal fluid, to a protein solution that causes neurodegenerative diseases, using the seeding effect to diagnose the disease. This is because the presence of seeds indicates the onset of the disease and promotes the formation of amyloid fibrils. However, this method has the problem that it takes a long time, about 300 h, before amyloid fibrils are detected\cite{Soto}. Since ultrasound irradiation is expected to promote the fibril growth reaction, it is expected to speed up this type of diagnosis. However, at the same time, it significantly accelerates the primary nucleation reaction that fibrillates monomers, and if the ultrasound sound pressure is too high, it will be difficult to distinguish between the presence or absence of the seed. If the sound pressure is lowered, fibril formation will take longer. Therefore, it is considered that there is an optimal ultrasound pressure for the diagnosis of each disease, and the multichannel sonochemical system developed here, which can irradiate the solution in each well at different pressure, will highly contribute to the early stage diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

\section{Conclusion}
We throughout examined the usefulness of our developed multichannel sonochemical reactor, HANABI-2000. It is capable of highly accelerating amyloid fibril formation of various proteins with high reproducibility among many wells of a microplate. The amyloid fibril formation sometimes takes more than 300 h under the traditional shaking condition, but our multichannel sonochemical reactor has succeeded in shorting the assay time to less than 20 h. In this system, ultrasonic-irradiation conditions (amplitude, frequency, duration, and so on) on each PZT transducer can be easily adjusted, allowing simultaneous measurement of different conditions for various proteins. Therefore, the multichannel sonochemical reactor will be a powerful tool for studying amyloid fibril formation and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaArXiv


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Marketing Nut founder Rachel Redman is a results-driven nutrition and marketing expert, with an absolute passion for improving people's health, wellbeing, and quality of life.
Having spent 17 years in the NHS and healthcare industries as a registered dietitian, and marketer, she's had the opportunity to launch several highly successful consumer and medical nutrition products, all of which have made an incredible difference to people's health and quality of life.
Her passion to improve people's lives developed when she witnessed, with her own eyes, the difference her humble contribution made, to the patients and individuals receiving those products.
And that's why she's determined to help businesses and organisations, large and small, lacking relevant resource or expertise, to make a difference to people's lives: by launching or optimising life-improving innovations.
What we do..
Founder Rachel Redman has had the privilege to work with these great institutions and companies:
interested? let's have a
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Genesis Games – The Adventures of Batman & Robin
Is it worth playing The Adventures of Batman & Robin on the Sega Genesis despite it's extremely hard difficulty? Let's talk about it today!
Master System Games – Batman Returns
I've been hearing about how good Batman Returns on the Sega Master System is, so I checked it out. And they were totally right.
NES Games – Batman: The Video Game
Today, I'll talk about Batman: The Video Game on the Nintendo Entertainment System. How well does it hold up? Read on to find out more.
SNES Games – The Adventures of Batman & Robin
If you asked me what the best 16-bit superhero video game is, I'd tell you that it's The Adventures of Batman & Robin. Let me tell you why.
3DS Games – Batman: Arkham Origins Blackgate
Here's a look back at the games I enjoyed playing several years ago. Today let's talk about Batman: Arkham Origins Blackgate for the Nintendo 3DS.
Game Boy Games – Batman: The Video Game
Batman for the Game Boy was one of my first video games. Let's revisit this title and see how it holds up today.
SNES Games – Batman Returns
Batman Returns is Konami's first attempt at a 16-bit Batman video game. Will this be as good as their other classics? Let's talk about it!
Game Boy Color Games – Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker
Batman Beyond: Return of the Joker is the video game tie-in of a DC Animated Universe film that went direct-to-video. Let's talk about it.
Batman Returns is another video game tie in based on a popular superhero movie. Will it be as good as it's predecessor? Let's talk about it.
NES Games – Batman: Return of the Joker
Batman: Return of the Joker is the sequel to Sunsoft's first Batman game. Let's talk about the Nintendo Entertainment System version.
Genesis Games – Batman: The Video Game
This is the 16-bit version of Sunsoft's Batman: The Video Game titles. How well does this capture the feel of the 1989 classic film? Let's find out.
Game Boy Color Games – Catwoman
Will a video game based on a supporting character work? I played Catwoman for the Nintendo Game Boy Color to find out. Let's talk about it!
Game Boy Games – Batman: The Animated Series
Konami had the chance to develop Batman: The Animated Series for the Game Boy. Will they work magic with a licensed game? Let's find out!


PRINCETON, NJ – Nov. 14, 2018 – Certara®, the global leader in model-informed drug development, regulatory science, real-world evidence and market access, today announced that it has been awarded two new dermal virtual bioequivalence grants by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Bioequivalence studies are vitally important to ensure that the absorption rate and extent of test drug products are not significantly different to that of the comparable reference drug products. They are also used to verify that changes in manufacturing site, raw material suppliers or minor adjustments to a drug's formulation do not substantially change its in vivo performance.
"We are delighted to receive additional US FDA support for the continuing development of our dermal physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling and simulation program to conduct virtual bioequivalence studies. Virtual bioequivalence represents an ideal application for Simcyp's PBPK modeling and simulation capabilities. In addition to providing additional insight into drug performance, these in silico studies are safer, faster and less expensive to conduct than clinical bioequivalence studies. As a result, these new grants represent an important advance for generic and innovator drug companies alike. We look forward to partnering with the US FDA to advance this field," said Certara's Simcyp President and Managing Director Steve Toon, PhD.
This grant will fund enhancements to Certara's PBPK multi-phase, multi-layer (MPML) MechDermA skin model to include the quantitative description of disease-triggered histological and functional modifications to the skin. The resulting models will be able to factor in the thickness of various skin layers, presence of cracks, dryness, modification of blood flow and skin temperature, sebaceous gland infection and inflammation, flaking, and the presence of pustules, comedones, vacuoles, cysts, and pseudocysts. Histopathological modifications to Simcyp's healthy skin model will permit development of models for specific skin diseases. The resulting disease models will all be verified using clinical data from the literature.
"We are delighted to have US FDA support for this important research. We are proud to be contributing to the further development of optimal quantitative bioequivalence methodology that may assist innovator and generic pharmaceutical companies in developing new dermal and transdermal products as well as supporting global regulators in evaluating such products," said Professor Roberts.
In this project, Certara's MechDermA PBPK model will be used to perform virtual bioequivalence studies of topical products and permit the impact of formulation differences (especially Q3 differences) on the in vivo performance of dermatological drug products to be evaluated.
These two newly-funded projects both advance US FDA's FY2018 Generic Drug User Fee Amendments (GDUFA) research priorities to expand characterization-based bioequivalence methods across all topical dermatological products, and improve PBPK models of drug absorption via complex routes of delivery (e.g., nasal, inhalation, dermal, ophthalmic).


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Ski resorts by criterias
ski studio rental
Ski apartment rental (2-6 people)
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Stay at the foot of the ski slopes
Ski in march
1st day of skiing
Resorts guide
Reviews Résidence les Dolomites
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110 reviews :
Mme Laurence B. - stay on 28/12/2019
Mr Sylvain D. - stay on 21/12/2019
Mr Philippe B. - stay on 09/02/2019
Mlle Gwendoline M. - stay on 02/02/2019
Mr Daniel S. - stay on 02/02/2019
Mme Sandra B. - stay on 22/12/2018
Mr Sebastien B. - stay on 27/12/2014
Mme Barbarella C. - stay on 03/03/2018
Mr Gaël L. - stay on 24/02/2018
Mr Sylvain L. - stay on 24/02/2018
Mlle Yasmine B. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Karim G. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Robert D. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Cathia M. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Jean Marie M. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Gildas M. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Slim S. - stay on 17/02/2018
Mr Gerard A. - stay on 27/01/2018
Mme Muriel S. - stay on 27/01/2018
Mme Catherine R. - stay on 30/12/2017
Mr Akim A. - stay on 30/12/2017
Mme Alina K. - stay on 23/12/2017
Mme Catherine D. - stay on 25/02/2017
Mr Michael L. - stay on 18/02/2017
Mr Michaël B. - stay on 25/02/2017
Mme Jeanne E. - stay on 18/02/2017
Mr Jean-Robert D. - stay on 18/02/2017
Mme Nicole D. - stay on 18/02/2017
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Mme Celine P. - stay on 04/02/2017
Mme Véronique G. - stay on 11/02/2017
Mr Pierre J. - stay on 21/01/2017
Mlle Melanie B. - stay on 04/02/2017
Mr Nicolas L. - stay on 28/01/2017
Mr Dany D. - stay on 21/01/2017
Mme Antonia D. - stay on 27/02/2016
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Mlle Anaïs D. - stay on 26/12/2015
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Mme Myriam C. - stay on 14/02/2015
Mr Olivier L. - stay on 07/02/2015
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Mr Sylvie C. - stay on 17/01/2014
Mr Pierre B. - stay on 28/12/2013
Mlle Sophie T. - stay on 28/12/2013
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Are you a nurse seeking a new position?
"No matter where you are in your career, at some point you'll face a job interview. You'll be asked many questions—some predictable, some challenging. Consider the ones listed below and think about how you'd answer them. Take time to review the questions that surprise you; they'll help you clarify your thinking and prepare you for whatever questions you're asked."
"The long-term prospects of hiring nurse residents is good. Hospitals need new graduate nurses and are generally motivated to spend money to train them because the long-term projection of retaining a nurse is better financially than having nursing turnover or to hire contract nurses. To ensure this, some hospitals may require a year or two contract upon hire."


Woo~ news just in from Rightstuf!
Anyway, the R1 limited edition contains Vols. 1 and 2. It includes Code Geass OST 1, Code Geass Sound Drama 1, and Code Geass manga volume 1 all packed in a Collector's Artbox.
DVD Features are similar: Picture Drama Episode, Audio Commentary, Textless Opening 1, Code Geass Collector's Booklet 1, CLAMP Character Sketch Booklet 1, Textless Ending 1, Code Geass Collector's Booklet II&III.


Just got the very good news that Zen Studio ($299) is now free for Zend Certified Engineers. Neat! I've been wanting to try it out for a while, but wasn't willing to spend $299 for it.
Zend Studio is built on Eclipse (which is free for everybody), so it has a very small learning curve for those already familiar with Eclipse. My initial impression is that it is just an easier to use version of Eclipse, with more robust PHP tools than the free Eclipse PDT gives you.
By default, Zend Studio assumes you are using PHP 5.1/5.2. With the massive speed improvements and new functionality added in 5.3, I don't know of anyone that chooses to use 5.1/5.2. Seems like a weird default option to set, and it caused my code to show a whole pile of errors that didn't really exist.
By default, Zend Studio uses PHP 5.2.14 to debug. Again, a really weird default.
Anyways, I'll be playing around with it on my next website-of-the-month. Any tips from those already using it would be greatly appreciated!
Awkward Turtles finally in print — and 3 copies sold!
A long time ago, in a city far far away, I started writing a book codenamed The Project. My secret mission was to write a Choose Your Own Adventure-style book outlining the entire dating history of my at-the-time girlfriend (Becca) and myself.
If you aren't familiar with Choose Your Own Adventure books, I'll give you a brief summary. Basically every page or two you are asked to make a decision. For example, you may be getting attacked by a sharktopus and so it will say something like "If you cower like a little baby, turn to page 29. If you show that sharktopus who is boss, turn to page 83." So you choose to attack the sharktopus, turn to page 83, and get dismembered by the sharktopus' mighty sharktacles (sp?).
My book is a little different because every page makes you make a decision, and one decision always takes you to "The End", and one always keeps the story going. At the end, I break off from reality and go into hopeful thinking and ask the beautiful Becca to marry me. Keep in mind she was just my girlfriend at the time.
Writing a book takes a lot of time. Keep in mind this isn't some dinky pamphlet. This is a 208 page book. I needed Becca to know I was working on something important for her, but I didn't want her to guess what it was, so it became The Project.
I finished the text of the book, but still had a lot of editing to do and I needed to design a cover. I already had the engagement ring and my impatience finally got the best of me so I just showed it to her on the computer, read some of it to her, skipped to the end, and got engaged.
Finally, more than 2 years later, I've finished the editing and the cover and published my book, Awkward Turtles. It is available on Amazon for $10.95. I'm working on a Kindle version, but Choose Your Own Adventure books don't translate well to the Kindle, so it'll take a while.
I'm pretty excited to get it published! Yes, it is awkward and somewhat embarrassing. And yes, it cost a lot of money to publish (I bought my own ISBN number, I had to buy multiple proofs, and registering a copyright isn't free). But how cool is it to be a (self) published author? And I'm sure our little baby girl (due in May!) will love to read this someday. Maybe it'll even become the bedtime story book for her.
Update 3/30/11: Now available on the Kindle!
I've been watching The Kill Point on Netflix. This is a short series about a bunch of military guys that take hostages in a bank.
I've seen a bunch of these types of shows recently, and have started to wonder how often banks actually get robbed. I don't get the news, and I never see anything about it in my feed reader, so it seems like it is an incredibly rare thing.


The past three decades have been characterized by significant growth in the international operations of United States (U.S.) banks. This is evidenced by the fact that the number of U.S. branch offices in international locations has more than doubled in the past 30 years. This study uses multiple regression analysis to identify the factors that determine U.S. bank penetration abroad. The level of U.S. bank penetration into foreign markets, the dependent variable, is measured by the total claims held by U.S. banks and their foreign offices in a particular country on a per capita basis. The independent variables used to test the model include economic, regulatory, and other country specific factors that may have an effect on U.S. bank penetration abroad. The results suggest that different factors influence U.S. banks' decisions to expand internationally. Banks are significantly affected by exchange rate fluctuations, growth in gross domestic product, and unemployment rates when expanding into developed countries. However, government regulation of the economy is significant when examining expansion into developing regions. The most important factor influencing the decision U.S. banks to expand internationally is foreign direct investment (FDI). Countries with a high level of FDI inflow from the U.S. consistently experience higher levels of U.S. bank penetration.
Van Camp, Kevin S., "The effect of foreign market factors on the penetration of U.S. banks abroad" (2001). HIM 1990-2015. 302.


Fantastic piece of Art. Very ethnic. Inlaid metal on wood side table made in Morocco by a local artist. This table measures approximately 16″ in diameter and 20″ in height. Another rare finding. Please call us or email us your zip code for a shipping quote.


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Fears become a reality for retail with a fourth round of tariffs
Retail stocks buckled on Thursday as a dreaded fourth round of tariffs moved swiftly from a threat to a reality with one tweet. The sector's slide continued Friday as investors braced for this latest blow.
U.S. President Donald Trump wrote in part in the third tweet of a thread of four "…the U.S. will start, on September 1st, putting a small additional Tariff of 10% on the remaining 300 Billion Dollars of goods and products coming from China into our Country. This does not include the 250 Billion Dollars already Tariffed at 25%. "
Many consumer products, like clothing, shoes and electronics have been spared from the last three rounds of tariffs. But the remaining $300 billion of China-made goods will capture it all.
Most retailers are letting lobby groups speak on their behalf on the issue as investors wait for earnings, but not all.
"Let's not tank the economy with the misguided conception that trade wars are fun," said Columbia Sportswear CEO Tim Boyle, in a statement.
Tariffs are "a disaster for the American economy, employers and consumers," he continued, adding that his company and others "will be forced to raise prices."
Shares of Best Buy shed almost 11% Thursday, and slipped a bit further Friday. Up to now, the consumer electronics company has said tariffs impacted around 7% of the total cost of goods sold.
When analysts asked executives to define the impact if a fourth round of tariffs were levied, then-CEO Hubert Joly said: "While we understand List 4 as proposed is comprised of many consumer items, including many electronics, we think it is premature to speculate on the impact of further tariffs, as it is unclear whether List 4 will actually be implemented, what products would ultimately be included, at what rate, and when."
Pedestrians walk by Macy's flagship store in Herald Square in New York.
Shoe-maker Steve Madden shares shed more than 9% Thursday, and tumbled another 3% on Friday. Madden is on a number of analysts' watch lists as a name that could be particularly hard hit if tariffs are levied on shoes. Piper Jaffray estimates 94%t of its manufacturing is done in China.
A whopping 70% of shoes sold in the U.S. comes from China, according to the Footwear Distributors & Retailers of America, an industry organization with more than 500 members including Madden.
Department stores, like Macy's, Kohl's and Nordstrom were among the carnage on Thursday, but were about flat on Friday. All three sell a mix of national brands like Nike and Ralph Lauren along with their own private label and exclusive merchandise. While department stores will see categories previously excluded from recent tariffs like apparel now subject to the extra duties, at least for the national brands there may be some level of splitting the higher costs between the vendors and the department stores.
Macy's had said it has mitigation strategies in place, and each category is being looked at individually. When it comes to price increases, the retailer has said it will hold prices on some products, likely those that are more elastic. In other cases, prices will rise. Home Depot is employing a similar strategy.
Cowen & Company estimates Gap Inc. and L Brands both have around 20% sourcing exposure to China. Both retailers are mostly vertically integrated, meaning the goods sold are manufactured just for their own brands, which means there aren't vendors help absorb, or split, the higher costs from tariffs.
But even retailers with lower exposure to Chinese manufacturing, like Coach- and Kate Spade-owner Tapestry, and Michael Kors-parent Capri Holdings sold off sharply in reaction to pending tariffs. Tapestry shares were up less than 1% on Friday, while Capri slipped nearly 2% more.
Many retailers have been working on diversifying supply chains outside of China for years, and in many cases have tried to accelerate those plans when possible over the last year. Still, more U.S. sold apparel is made in China than anywhere else. In 2018, 42% of all U.S.-sold apparel was made in China, according to the American Apparel & Footwear Association.
RH is one of the retailers that has been looking at production outside of China. In a statement Thursday, the company formerly known as Restoration Hardware, said it has "multiple sourcing alternatives outside of China" it has been evaluating and noted it "expects no impact" to its current fiscal or next year's results from the new tariffs.
The furniture seller said the categories subject to the Sept. 1 tariffs make up less than 1% of its total inventory receipts for fiscal year 2019 and less than 2% of anticipated inventory for fiscal 2020. RH shared closed down more than 2% Thursday, and fell another 2% Friday.
"We are disappointed the administration is doubling-down on a flawed tariff strategy that is already slowing U.S. economic growth, creating uncertainty and discouraging investment," said David French, senior vice president for government relations at the National Retail Federation. He added, "the tariffs imposed over the past year haven't worked."
"American families shouldn't be a pawn in this trade war" said Hun Quach, in a statement from the Retail Industry Leaders Association.
Rick Helfenbein, CEO and president of the AAFA, called the president's announcement "truly shocking."
"The fact that this tweet comes after only one meeting with the Chinese delegation following the resumption of talks is extremely concerning," Helfenbein said.