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Mandy Moore Releases First New Song in 10 Years
Hear "When I Wasn't Watching" now
Mandy Moore has returned with her first new original song in 10 years. Titled "When I Wasn't Watching," the song and its accompanying video can be heard below.
The arrival of "When I Wasn't Watching" marks Moore's first new music since releasing her Amanda Leigh album in 2009.
Earlier this year, Moore opened up about the "unhealthy dynamic" of her marriage with Ryan Adams on Marc Maron's WTF podcast. Moore also touched on a forthcoming new album, telling Maron of the songs, "They're very personal. I mean, I feel like I've lived a life in the last 10 years. I have got plenty to say."
Moore had previously accused Adams of emotional abuse in the New York Times' explosive feature concerning the scandal.
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Yesterday (February 13), singer-songwriter Ryan Adams was accused of emotional abuse, sexual misconduct and inappropriate behaviour by multi...
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Singer-songwriter Ryan Adams has been accused of emotional abuse, sexual misconduct and inappropriate behaviour by multiple women, including...

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


We are surrounded by dogs and cats which make up an important part of our lives. Here you'll find mostly animals from Africa that I experienced on Safari.
These large jellyfish (Chrysaora fuscescens) commonly live for only 6 months in the wild.


The Gum Doc, Dr. Bruce Edelstein, has provided exceptional periodontal care to Atlanta area residents since 1984 and firmly believes that dentistry is an art and science. His patients benefit from not only his clinical expertise and experience but the creativity he brings as well. Being a fine art photographer, Dr. Edelstein's artistic skills play a large role in creating and delivering effective periodontal therapy. His eye for beauty can ensure that the patient's smile is the most esthetic it can be!
Being a top expert in his profession, Dr. Edelstein lectures extensively locally and nationally lending his expertise. The office was honored being designated a "Center of Excellence" for regenerative therapies where it became a place of learning for fellow periodontists. Another distinction extended to Dr. Edelstein was an invitation from the Pierre Fauchard Academy to join the International Honorary Dental Service Organization. The Pierre Fauchard Academy seeks to recognize outstanding dentists and is bestowed upon less than 4% of the dental profession worldwide.
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Q: Window size and position in inch or points I was able to figure out how to set widget position and dimensions in other units:
import tkinter as tk
root = tk.Tk()
root.geometry("200x100+400+200")
btn = tk.Button(text="Button")
btn.place(x='20p', y='20p', width='70p', height='20p')
root.mainloop()

... and I would like to do the same with the window. However, geometry does not allow for units like root.geometry("200px100p+400p+200p"). How can I set the window size using inch or points?

A: I never used it before but there is winfo_fpixels(distance) which converts distance in p, i, c to number of pixels.

It shows difference between points (root) and pixels (other)

import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()

x = int(root.winfo_fpixels('200p'))
y = int(root.winfo_fpixels('100p'))
w = int(root.winfo_fpixels('400p'))
h = int(root.winfo_fpixels('200p'))

root.geometry(f"{x}x{y}+{w}+{h}")
root.title('root')

other = tk.Toplevel()
other.geometry(f"200x100+400+200")
other.title('other')

root.mainloop()

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Banca Transilvania has become the owner of the majority of shares (99.15 per cent) held by Eurobank Group in Bancpost, as well as the owner of shares held in ERB Retail Services IFN and ERB Leasing IFN.
BT will soon begin the integration of these entities within the Banca Transilvania Financial Group.
Bancpost was acquired at 75 per cent of its net assets value, for a total of 178.6 million Euro.
For the non-banking financial retail subsidiary, BT paid 40.4 million Euro, while the acquisition of the leasing subsidiary cost 6.7 million Euro. In addition, BT reimbursed the subordinated loan amounting to 80 million Euro on behalf of Bancpost.
BT has nominated Leontin Toderici, Deputy General Manager – COO in BT, to coordinate the integration of these entities within the Financial Group. Toderici has over 20 years of banking experience, a PhD in economy applied informatics and an executive MBA.


Today in the morning I got feeling that there could be a new firmware for my tablet because they never released a new firmware after Windows 8.1 Preview came out. Sure enough, there was a new firmware and its status was set to critical. I was only hoping for some performance increasing fixes. Doesn't seem that there is any with this update though. The firmware version is A04. The Latitude 10 tablet already had A05 a while back. Sad! I hope that they are not updating the firmware less often because this is the cheaper version.
Anyways, they also had released new chipset drivers and they were required to be installed with this firmware update.
The following are the release notes.
This BIOS must be used with version A04 or later Intel chipset driver posted on Support.Dell.com. Bitlocker must be suspended before flashing this BIOS. It can be changed via the "Bitlocker Drive Encryption" icon in control panel.
1. Update Intel the latest code and need to use with version A06 or later Intel chipset driver posted on Support.Dell.com.
2. Fix BIOS flash utility display error when an admin password is set greater than 8 characters in BIOS SETUP.
3. Update the warning message in BIOS flash utility.
4. BIOS flash utility support password option.
5. Enhance Multiple Boot manager entries.
6. To improve system time shift.
You can download both the firmware and the chipset drivers from this link.
I downloaded both the firmware and the drivers and updated the firmware first. Nothing out of ordinary happened. When it rebooted back to the desktop, I installed the drivers. Then it rebooted as well. Again, I didn't notice anything out of the ordinary. Most of the changes seem to be related to UEFI system itself. I doubt I will see anything different while using the tablet in the Windows environment.
But I'll post back if I find anything report worthy.


The Accell USB-C to C USB 3.1 Cable allows easy connection between your USB-C (also known as Type-C) host computer to a USB-C device. With reversible USB-C connectors the cable connection works in either direction. Able to charge, transfer data to and power a connected device, this USB-C to C cable with ultra-compact connectors is incredibly powerful.
Supporting up to 3A charging output, this full-featured USB 3.1 cable can transmit up to 60W of power, ideal for safely charging or powering USB-C devices. USB 3.1 SuperSpeed+ compliant, this Gen 2 rated cable can transfer data at blazing fast speeds of up to 10Gbps.


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Guest Post Contributor
GoMetro
Gavin O'Connor will write and direct "Suicide Squad 2"
American Gavin O'Connor will be in charge of writing and directing "Suicide Squad 2," the sequel to the anti-hero movie that Warner Bros. and DC Comics released last year.
O'Connor was chosen after a long selection process in which appeared names like Mel Gibson and Spanish Jaume Collet-Serra.
It is expected that "Suicide Squad 2" will again feature Will Smith and Margot Robbie in the roles of Gunslinger and Harlequin, respectively.
The original 2016 film, directed by David Ayer and part of the movie-adapted universe of DC Comics, was received with little excitement from critics and fans, even though it has grossed $ 745 million at box offices worldwide , according to data from the specialized website "Box Office Mojo".
O'Connor's filmography includes titles such as "Warrior" (2011), "In Search of Justice" (2015) and "The Counter" (2016), the latter an action production starring Ben Affleck and Anna Kendrick who collected US $ 155 million.
Following this year's "Wonder Woman" success, which for the time being adds up to $ 813 million worldwide and garnered widespread acclaim from industry and the public, the next adventure in this saga of films will be "Justice League" which will hit theaters in November and bring together the characters Batman, Wonder Woman, Aquaman, Flash and Cyborg.
Categories: Entertainment, News / by Izabella Jaworska September 14, 2017
Post Author: Izabella Jaworska
Izabella Jaworska 56 Southend Avenue BLACKHEATH IP19 7ZU 070 7077 0588
The Best Beach Dress Ups and Wear – Is Beach Kimono Trending in 2019?
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Intel & GoMetro


This new multi-recreational center in Ottawa KS is home to numerous activities throughout the year. There is an indoor walking track and cardio exercise equipment along with an indoor basketball court that can be used for many purposes. The Ottawa Recreation Commission is in charge of the programming for the multiuse facility. They offer Pre-K programs, Youth Sports and Fitness, Family activities, After school programs, Senior activities and Adult sports and fitness.
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100 F.3d 228 (1996) | Cited 140 times | First Circuit | November 19, 1996
For the First Circuit
APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS
[Hon. Richard G. Stearns, U.S. District Judge]
STAHL, Circuit Judge.
Appellants, Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and several of its individual members ("BLE") sought to enjoin enactment of a clause in a newly negotiated collective bargaining agreement between Appellees United Transportation Union ("UTU") and Springfield Terminal Railway Co. ("ST"), as a violation of the Railway Labor Act ("RLA"), 45 U.S.C. 151-188. The district court denied the injunction and granted summary judgment for UTU and ST on BLE's complaint. Wightman v. Springfield Terminal Ry. Co., 915 F. Supp. 503, 507 (D. Mass. 1996). BLE now appeals.
The RLA governs labor and collective bargaining arrangements between carriers, or employers, and unions. ST is a railroad operator located in Springfield, Massachusetts, and a carrier for purposes of the RLA. BLE and UTU are two of several trade unions who have collective bargaining agreements with ST. The individual plaintiffs in this case belong to BLE.The RLA authorizes carriers and unions to establish union shops. A union shop in the railroad industry simply means that in order to remain employed with a railroad company, employees must belong to one of the national, RLA recognized railroad unions. See 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Eleventh(a) and (c). 1 ST and the unions with which it maintains collective bargaining agreements have established a union shop.
Employment in the railroad industry revolves around crafts or classes of work, each of which is represented by a different union. Train service and engineer service constitute two such crafts. The former encompasses conductors, brakemen, trainmen and yardmen, and the latter includes primarily locomotive engineers. UTU represents the train service craft and BLE represents the engineer service craft.
By practice, junior engineers advance from the ranks of the train service employees. Over the course of any given year, however, the amount of engineer work may fluctuate. During periods of reduced engineer work, junior engineers may have to return temporarily to train service in order to remain employed. 2 Junior engineers, therefore, have an economic interest in maintaining their train service seniority.
Prior to 1995, the UTU-ST collective bargaining agreement allowed non-UTU member engineers to continue to accrue train service seniority. In 1995, however, UTU negotiated a provision known as Article 21, which requires that employees moving from train service to engineer service pay dues to UTU in order to maintain and continue to accrue their train service seniority. When BLE objected to Article 21, ST offered it a similar provision which BLE rejected, apparently believing it to be of little value to its membership.
BLE then challenged Article 21 on RLA grounds. It sought preliminary injunctive relief which the district court denied. Subsequently, on cross motions, the district court granted summary judgment in favor of UTU and ST. This appeal followed.
Standard of Review
We review the award of summary judgment de novo. Ortiz-Pinero v. Rivera-Arroyo, 84 F.3d 7, 11 (1st Cir. 1996). Summary judgment is appropriate in the absence of a genuine issue of material fact, when the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c). Neither party may rely on conclusory allegations or unsubstantiated denials, but must identify specific facts deriving from the pleadings, depositions, answers to interrogatories, admissions and affidavits to demonstrate either the existence or absence of an issue of fact. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 56(c) and (e).
Cross motions for summary judgment neither alter the basic Rule 56 standard, nor warrant the grant of summary judgment per se. See Wiley v. American Greetings Corp., 762 F.2d 139, 141 (1st Cir. 1985). Cross motions simply require us to determine whether either of the parties deserves judgment as a matter of law on facts that are not disputed. Id. As always, we resolve all factual disputes and any competing, rational inferences in the light most favorable to the party against whom summary judgment has entered. Den Norske Bank v. First Nat'l Bank of Boston, 75 F.3d 49, 53 (1st Cir. 1996).
BLE raises three basic arguments, each of which involves a different statutory provision of the RLA. First, BLE contends, Article 21 violates the prohibition of mandated dual unionism under 45 U.S.C. 152, Eleventh(c). Second, BLE urges, Article 21 impermissibly interferes with employees' rights to organize and choose their own collective bargaining representative under 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth. Finally, BLE asserts, the RLA, 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 156, required UTU and ST to provide BLE, an interested party, notice of their contract negotiations and an opportunity to participate in them. We conclude that the district court ably analyzed each of BLE's arguments and properly found them lacking in substance. We affirm.
A. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c)
According to BLE, Article 21 violates 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c), part of the union shop provisions of the RLA. Analysis of BLE's argument requires a brief detour into the background of the union shop provisions generally, and how Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c) fits into the union shop scheme.
Under 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Eleventh(a), carriers and unions may establish union shops. Section 152, Eleventh(a) specifically provides that carriers and unions may "make agreements, requiring as a condition of continued employment, that . . . all employees shall become members of the labor organization representing their craft or class." Read in isolation, the plain language of this provision would allow carriers and unions to require employees to belong not to the union of their choice, but to the union certified as the representative of their craft or class.
Organized labor petitioned Congress for the union shop option in order to eradicate the problem of "free riders," railroad employees who do not pay dues to any union but receive whatever benefits collective bargaining confers. See generally Pennsylvania R.R. Co. v. Rychlik, 352 U.S. 480, 489-94 (1957). In acceding to labor's request, however, Congress recognized that the intercraft mobility not uncommon in the railroad industry could pose a problem for employees in a union shop. Under Section(s) 152, Eleventh(a), an employee shuttling between train service and engineer service could either be forced to change unions or to belong and pay dues to two unions until reaching a level of seniority sufficient to stabilize him as an engineer. As the Supreme Court pointed out, "[t]he former alternative would, of course, be expensive and sometimes impossible, while the latter would be complicated and might mean the loss of seniority and union benefits." Id. at 490. Congress attempted to tailor union shops to accommodate intercraft mobility through Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c). That subsection provides, "[t]he requirement of membership in a labor organization in [a union shop] shall be satisfied . . . if said employee shall hold or acquire membership in any one of the labor organizations, national in scope, organized in accordance with this chapter." 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c). On its face, Section(s) 152 Eleventh(c) appears to contradict 152, Eleventh(a) by allowing any employee in any union shop to belong to any of the RLA recognized railroad unions.
The purpose of Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c), however, significantly circumscribes its language. See Rychlik, 352 U.S. at 488, 492; see also Landers v. Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp., 814 F.2d 41, 44-45 (1st Cir. 1987) (recognizing limited applicability of Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c)), aff'd, 485 U.S. 652 (1988). Despite its broad language, "the only purpose of Section 2, Eleventh(c) was a very narrow one: to prevent compulsory dual unionism or the necessity of changing from one union to another when an employee temporarily changes crafts." Landers v. Nat'l R.R. Passenger Corp., 485 U.S. 652, 657-58 (1988); Rychlik, 352 U.S. at 492. Section 152, Eleventh(c) does not exist to benefit unions by permitting them to recruit members from the ranks of other established unions, or to provide railroad employees with a general right to join unions other than the designated bargaining representative of their craft, except to meet the narrow problem of intercraft mobility in a union shop. Rychlik, 352 U.S. at 493.
Bearing in mind the context and purpose of Section(s) 152 Eleventh(c), we turn to BLE's challenge to Article 21. BLE essentially attacks Article 21 from two angles. First, BLE contends, Article 21 constitutes either a Section(s) 152, Eleventh(a) union shop agreement that violates Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c) or an amendment to the existing ST-UTU agreement that violates Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c). Second, BLE argues, Article 21 will upset "the cost sharing scheme which was continued and fostered by the 1951 union shop amendments." We disagree.
On its face, Article 21 can neither constitute a union shop agreement by itself, nor an amendment to the ST-UTU agreement that violates Eleventh(c). Nothing in the language of Article 21 requires membership in UTU or any other union as a condition of employment. See Brotherhood of Locomotive Eng'rs v. Kansas City S. Ry., 26 F.3d 787, 793 (8th Cir.) (Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c) applies only to a Section(s) 152, Eleventh(a) union shop agreement), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 320 (1994); Dempsey v. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry. Co., 16 F.3d 832, 838 (7th Cir.) (same), cert. denied, 115 S. Ct. 82 (1994). Article 21 does not require an engineer to choose between dual union membership or unemployment; Article 21 simply requires an engineer to choose whether to retain and continue to accrue seniority in the train service craft. Wightman, 915 F. Supp. at 506.
In Dempsey v. Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Ry. Co., 16 F.3d 832, 838 (7th Cir. 1994), the Seventh Circuit faced a BLE challenge to a provision requiring engineers desirous of accumulating additional train service seniority to pay dues to UTU. Failure to pay, however, would not affect accrued seniority. In examining whether the provision constituted a union shop agreement, the Seventh Circuit relied in part on the fact that it did not require payment of dues to UTU in order to retain accrued seniority, implying that such a provision might constitute a union shop provision. Id. at 838 (citing NLRB v. Manitowoc Engineering Co., 909 F.2d 963, 969-71 (7th Cir. 1990), cert. denied, Clipper City Lodge No. 516 v. NLRB, 498 U.S. 1083 (1991)). Ultimately, the court concluded that the provision at issue did not create any conditions of continued employment, and therefore, did not constitute a Section(s) 152, Eleventh(a) union shop agreement. Id.
In our view, the extra step Article 21 takes with respect to accrued seniority does not create any conditions on employment different from the provision in Dempsey. As indicated, nothing on the face of Article 21 requires employees to belong to UTU in order to remain employed. Despite the fact that Article 21 takes the extra step of conditioning seniority retention and accrual on continued dues payment, an engineer who chooses BLE over UTU satisfies either of the UTU-ST or BLE-ST union shop requirements. To the extent, therefore, that Dempsey implies that a provision such as Article 21 might constitute a union shop agreement or amendment, we respectfully disagree.
BLE, however, asserts that engineers who choose BLE over UTU run the risk of unemployment when shuttled back to train service, since they will have no train service seniority. According to BLE, this effectively forces those engineers at the lower end of the engineer seniority list either to belong to UTU and BLE, or to UTU instead of BLE, as a condition of continued employment at ST. BLE asserts that 152, Eleventh(c) allows a railroad employee in a union shop to change membership to any other RLA recognized union, "without putting himself out of compliance with the membership requirement of a valid union shop agreement and thereby cause a loss of seniority and employment rights." BLE's argument requires us to determine whether Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c), in protecting against compulsory dual unionism, elevates seniority into a statutorily protected right employees may take with them as they move from craft to craft and union to union.
By its own language, the RLA governs relations between carriers, unions and employees, and Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c) dictates the limits of what carriers and/or unions can demand of employees in a union shop. Within those parameters, which include a prohibition on compulsory dual unionism, the RLA makes no mention of seniority, and notably fails to designate seniority as a protected employment right.
In the absence of a legislative pronouncement to the contrary, union contracts typically define the scope and significance of seniority rights. Aeronautical Indus. Dist. Lodge v. Campbell, 337 U.S. 521, 526 (1949); Trailmobile Co. v. Whirls, 331 U.S. 40, 53 n.21 (1947). Seniority, therefore, does not stem from the employer-employee relationship and by extension become an employment right, but rather from either a statute or the four corners of a collective bargaining agreement, in this case between a union and a carrier. National Labor Relations Bd. v. Whiting Milk Corp., 342 F.2d 8, 10-11 (1st Cir. 1965). It is by now well established that in the absence of a contract creating seniority rights, they do not exist. See Dempsey, 16 F.3d at 839; United Food & Commercial Workers Union v. Gold Star Sausage Co., 897 F.2d 1022, 1026 (10th Cir. 1990); Cooper v. General Motors Corp., 651 F.2d 249, 250 (5th Cir. 1981) (citing cases); Local 1251 Int'l Union of United Auto., Aircraft and Agric. Workers of Am. UAW v. Robertshaw Controls Co., 405 F.2d 29, 32-33 (2d Cir. 1968) (citing cases) (overruling prior circuit precedent to the contrary).
Seniority, like any other benefit deriving exclusively from collective bargaining agreements, does not vest in employees. Robertshaw, 405 F.2d at 33; McMullans v. Kansas, Okla. & Gulf Ry., 229 F.2d 50, 53 (10th Cir. 1956). Instead, seniority rights are subject to revision or even abrogation with the termination or renegotiation of the collective bargaining agreement. 3 Dempsey, 16 F.3d at 839; Robertshaw, 405 F.2d at 33; McMullans, 229 F.2d at 54. Any rights employees have in seniority, therefore, are tied directly to the terms of the labor agreement between the carrier and the union representing their craft. Nothing in the RLA changes this fundamental tenet of labor law. 4 Dempsey, 16 F.3d at 840; McMullans, 229 F.2d at 53.
We recognize that Article 21 may make it attractive for at least some engineers to choose UTU over BLE. We stop short, however, of equating a union's successful negotiation of a potential competitive advantage over another union with the kind of compulsory dual unionism 152, Eleventh(c) exists to prevent. See Whiting Milk, 342 F.2d at 11 ("Obtaining a benefit for employees may well encourage others to join a union but that side effect does not violate the [NLRB], for 'The truth is that the union is a service agency that probably encourages membership whenever it does its job well.'") (quoting Local 357, Int'l Bhd. of Teamsters v. NLRB, 365 U.S. 667, 675-76 (1961)). We conclude that Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c) does not provide the statutory basis to vest railroad employees with their accrued seniority.
Finally, BLE asserts that Article 21 "upsets the sharing of costs of representation promoted by the 1951 amendments" in violation of Section(s) 152, Eleventh(c).
Section 152, Eleventh(c) limits employees in a union shop to membership in those unions which qualify as electors of the union representatives on the National Railroad Adjustment Board ("NRAB"). The NRAB exists to settle disputes arising under collective bargaining agreements. See Rychlik, 352 U.S. at 487. As the Seventh Circuit pointed out, this requirement limits union shop participation to those unions which share the costs of administering the NRAB, and which "join together in other respects in the negotiating and policing of collective bargaining agreements under the dispute mechanisms of the RLA." Dempsey, 16 F.3d at 840. BLE appears to argue that Article 21 has the effect of depriving it of dues that would offset its obligations to NRAB. See id. Nothing in the RLA, however, guarantees BLE a particular level of dues to offset its obligations to NRAB. Stated more broadly, the RLA does not protect any one union from competition with another over membership and dues.
B. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth
Section 152, Third, entitled "Designation of representatives," provides that neither unions nor carriers "shall in any way interfere with, influence, or coerce the other in its choice of representatives." Section 152, Fourth, dealing with organization and the collective bargaining process, grants employees the right to organize and bargain collectively through representatives of their own choosing, and provides that no carrier may influence or coerce employees regarding their choice of labor organization, nor deduct dues or other fees of such organizations from employee wages. BLE contends that Article 21 violates the employee freedom of choice embodied in Third and Fourth, and also the prohibition on wage deductions in Fourth. Again, we disagree.
In TWA, Inc. v. Independent Fed. of Flight Attendants, 489 U.S. 426, 441 (1989), the Supreme Court noted that Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth operate primarily in pre-certification contexts, where unorganized employees seek to designate representatives and commence collective bargaining with employers. The Court reasoned that the RLA contemplates dispute resolution through private mechanisms, the success of which depends on the independence of the employees' "putative representative" and on neither party's access to the courts to further their own partisan ends. Id. (quoting Switchmen v. National Mediation Bd., 320 U.S. 297, 300 (1943)). In a post-certification context, by contrast, the parties already have certified representatives and a collective bargaining record in place. In post-certification disputes, therefore, we must limit our intervention to cases in which the aggrieved union has no other remedy "to enforce the statutory commands which Congress had written into the [RLA]." Id.
We have concluded that intervention in a post-certification dispute under Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth will occur in extremely limited circumstances. See National R.R. Passenger Corp. v. International Ass'n of Machinists and Aerospace Workers, 915 F.2d 43, 51 (1st Cir. 1990). Specifically, we will intervene upon demonstration of carrier conduct reflecting anti-union animus, an attempt to interfere with employee choice of collective bargaining representative, discrimination, or coercion. Id. In addition, we will intervene when a carrier commits acts of intimidation that cannot be remedied by administrative means, or commits a fundamental attack on the collective bargaining process or makes a direct attempt to destroy a union. Id.
BLE purports to establish a genuine issue of material fact by listing 15 "facts" which it claims demonstrate anti-BLE animus sufficient to justify post-certification judicial intervention. We need not recite all of them here. We agree with the district court that BLE's facts, even if all true, at best demonstrate sharp bargaining practices between unions in an effort to gain competitive advantage. Wightman, 915 F. Supp. at 507. While BLE's facts evince competitive jockeying between it and UTU, they notably fail to demonstrate anti-BLE animus or a fundamental attack on the bargaining process by ST. 5 Accordingly, the District Court correctly declined to intervene in this post-certification matter.
BLE also contends that Article 21 violates Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth as a matter of law. 6 BLE offers precedent under the National Labor Relations Act ("NLRA"), which it seeks to apply analogically to this railroad dispute. While the NLRA may provide analogies that bear on interpretation of the RLA, the Supreme Court has emphasized that "the NLRA 'cannot be imported wholesale into the railway labor arena.'" TWA, 489 U.S. at 439 (quoting Trainmen v. Jacksonville Terminal, 394 U.S. 369, 383 (1969)). We especially hesitate to employ NLRA precedent in light of the clear and unequivocal RLA precedent from the Supreme Court, this circuit and others, which underscores the limited post-certification application of Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth. See TWA, 489 U.S. at 441 (limiting application of Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth to pre-certification contexts); Nat'l R.R. Passenger, 915 F.2d at 51 (same); see also Kansas City S., 26 F.3d at 795; Dempsey, 16 F.3d at 841. Finally, BLE argues somewhat opaquely that a wage deduction provision only passes RLA muster if it comprises part of a union shop agreement under Section(s) 152, Eleventh. At the outset we note that Article 21 by itself does not refer to wage deductions, much less mandate them. Assuming such a wage deduction exists, however, we disagree with BLE's interpretation of Section(s) 152, Fourth and Eleventh(b).
As indicated, Section(s) 152, Fourth provides that carriers may not deduct union dues or fees from employee wages. Section 152, Eleventh(b), however, provides that carriers and labor organizations may make agreements providing for the deduction of "any periodic dues, initiation fees, and assessments" from employee wages as long as the employee has given the carrier written permission. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152, Eleventh(b). Section 152, Eleventh(b), unlike Eleventh(c), does not limit its applicability to Eleventh(a), or union shop agreement situations. See Kansas City S., 26 F.3d. at 794. Read together, 152, Fourth and Eleventh(b) provide that carriers may not unilaterally deduct dues from employee wages, but may do so upon the agreement of all parties involved. See id. Thus, even in the absence of a union shop agreement, employees and carriers may agree to a dues deduction schedule under Section(s) 152, Eleventh(b).
C. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 156, Bargainable Interest
BLE contends that the District Court erred in not setting Article 21 aside on the basis that UTU and ST failed to notify BLE of their negotiations, and afford BLE the opportunity to participate in them.
The RLA mandates that "[c]arriers and representatives of the employees shall give at least thirty days' written notice of an intended change in agreements affecting rates of pay, rules, or working conditions" to interested parties. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 156. BLE identifies itself as an interested party, and contends that ST or UTU owed it notice. BLE also contends that it has joint jurisdiction over collective bargaining between ST and UTU, at least with respect to train service seniority, by dint of the routine shuttling of employees between the train service and engineer service crafts. According to BLE, that joint jurisdiction should have given it an opportunity to participate in the negotiations.
The Eighth Circuit recently faced BLE's argument and concluded that neither the carrier nor UTU had any statutory obligation to provide BLE with notice or the opportunity to participate in negotiations, a conclusion with which we substantially agree. See Kansas City S., 26 F.3d at 792. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 156 exists to prevent either a carrier or union from unilaterally changing the terms of the operative collective bargaining agreement. Order of Railway Conductors and Brakemen v. Switchmen's Union of N. Am., 269 F.2d 726, 733 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 361 U.S. 899 (1959). Section 156, therefore, furthers the overall purpose of the RLA to permit employees to choose their own bargaining representative freely, and to ensure a procedure for "the commencement of conferences between representatives of the two parties if changes are to be made in the contract." McMullans, 229 F.2d at 56. Section 156 does not exist to open collective bargaining negotiations between a carrier and a union to any other union claiming an interest.
BLE relies chiefly on two cases, neither of which compel the conclusion BLE seeks. The first, Brotherhood of Locomotive Eng'rs v. National Mediation Board, 410 F.2d 1025, 1030 (D.C. Cir.), cert. denied, 396 U.S. 878 (1969), involved a dispute between BLE and the firemen's union over apprentice engineers, a new class of railroad employees. The court determined that in the absence of a certified representative for the new class, any union that could fairly claim representation over the apprentices could legitimately bargain with the carrier about the terms and conditions of the apprentices' employment. Id. By demonstrating a fair claim of representation, therefore, a union established a right to notice and the opportunity to participate under the RLA. Id.This case, by contrast, involves collective bargaining between a represented class of employees and their carrier. BLE does not assert any claim of representation over UTU members, nor could it. Train service employees have already certified UTU as their bargaining representative. National Mediation Board, therefore, does not support BLE's asserted interest in the negotiations that produced Article 21.
BLE also relies on Illinois Cent. R.R. Co. v. Brotherhood of Locomotive Eng'rs, 443 F.2d 136, 138, (7th Cir. 1971). The dispute in Illinois Central involved a tripartite agreement between the carrier, BLE and UTU governing the list of train service employees eligible for engineer work. UTU filed suit when BLE sought to negotiate revisions to the rules governing the list without providing UTU notice and an opportunity to participate. The court, noting the tripartite agreement, determined that UTU and BLE shared joint negotiating interests over the list, and therefore, that BLE could not unilaterally negotiate rule revisions with the carrier. Id. at 141.
Obviously no formal tripartite agreement exists in this case. BLE, however, points to language in Illinois Central indicating that even in the absence of such an agreement, the ebb and flow of employees between the two crafts would give the firemen an "important economic stake in the rules regulating the extra list" which in turn would establish a bargainable interest in UTU over rules governing the list. Id. at 141-42. BLE argues that the same ebb and flow vests it with a bargainable interest in the negotiation of train service seniority.
We disagree with BLE's interpretation of Illinois Central. First, that case revolved around a list outside of either UTU's or BLE's collective bargaining agreements with the carrier. The rules governing the extra list, moreover, placed direct conditions on a fireman's employment -- they dictated which of the firemen could also engage in engineer work. BLE's assumption of sole negotiating responsibility over rules governing the list placed BLE in the position of representing firemen even though the firemen had certified UTU as their collective bargaining agent.
In this case, by contrast, UTU does not seek to unilaterally govern the ebb and flow itself. UTU, through Article 21, has simply negotiated with ST the mechanism through which train service employees accrue seniority, as part of negotiations over a general collective bargaining agreement. BLE and UTU have no tripartite agreement, nor is UTU attempting to unilaterally negotiate a set of rules governing movement between the two crafts.
As the Eighth Circuit concluded,
"[t]he distinctive division of railroad employees under the RLA into crafts or classes, and the regular movement of employees among the crafts that is characteristic of the industry, portends overlapping 'interests' among bargaining units in the composition of the crafts and in their labor agreements. That sort of interest, however, does not confer upon all unions the right to notice and participation in the arbitrations of all other unions."
Kansas City S., 26 F.3d at 791-92. We conclude that the RLA does not provide BLE with a bargainable interest in Article 21 such that ST and UTU owed BLE notice and an opportunity to participate in the negotiations.
1. 45 U.S.C. Section(s) 152 has been drafted in subsections First through Eleventh. Section 152, Eleventh contains subsections a through d. We note the unusual numbering scheme to explain our citation.
2. In its reply brief, BLE appears to hint that the ebb and flow of train service employees to and from engineer service occurs with less regularity today than in prior eras.
3. The Dempsey opinion ultimately views seniority as we do, despite that court's implication that a provision such as Article 21 might constitute a union shop agreement. See 16 F.3d at 838-39. Dempsey concludes that seniority, born of the collective bargaining agreement, is subject to revision or abrogation. 16 F.3d at 839. We do not interpret Dempsey, therefore, as supporting BLE's argument.
4. BLE relies on three cases in support of its contention that Article 21 constitutes an illegal union shop agreement: Felter v. Southern Pac. Co., 359 U.S. 326 (1959), Birkholz v. Dirks, 391 F.2d 289 (7th Cir. 1968), vacated as moot, 395 U.S. 210 (1969) and O'Connell v. Erie Lackawanna R.R., 391 F.2d 156 (2d Cir. 1968), vacated as moot, 395 U.S. 210 (1969). BLE asserted these cases unsuccessfully to the Seventh Circuit in support of a nearly identical argument. See Dempsey, 16 F.3d at 838 n.6. We concur in that court's conclusion that these cases are inapposite.
5. To be sure, it does not appear that ST was entirely candid with BLE regarding its negotiations with UTU and the substance of the ST-UTU agreement. The RLA, however, does not compel ST to inform BLE of the substance of negotiations with a third union, and we do not identify anti-BLE animus in ST's actions.
6. BLE essentially argues that by making it so attractive for engineers to join UTU, Article 21 has the effect of impermissibly interfering with their free choice of union, and coercing them to join UTU, in violation of Section(s) 152, Third and Fourth.


The Center for рrogressive Medicine «AVICENNA MED» was opened in the spring of 2017.
It provides a full range of diagnostic, medical, surgical and rehabilitation services, equipped with modern high-tech equipment, a stationary and outpatient departments, and consults patients with specialists of different skills.
The medical center is named in honor of doctor, scientist and philosopher Avicenna, who created the dissertation «The Book of Healing», in which he combined knowledge of various spheres of human life — biology, physics, geometry, psychology, arithmetic, etc.
Price policy of the center is in an affordable price range.
The center of progressive medicine «AVICENNA MED» has a functioning outpatient clinic and inpatient department.
In the polyclinic department of the center you can get advice from doctors of the following specialties: gynecologist, urologist, surgeon, orthopedist-traumatologist, therapist, neurologist, cardiologist, proctologist, etc. It is also possible to take tests and undergo endoscopic or ultrasound examination.
The hospital department of the medical center «Avicenna med» has two operating rooms equipped with the latest technology and an intensive care unit. Patients spend the postoperative period in one out of ten luxury rooms, with possible visits by relatives. Doctors and nurses are on duty in the unit 24 hours a day, whom you can contact for any questions that interest you.
The main direction of the center of Progressive Medicine «AVICENNA MED» is 3D laparoscopic surgery. This is a new unique low-traumatic method of surgical intervention, allowing the patient to quickly return to the usual way of life and minimize the risk of complications.
A multidisciplinary medical center focused on a full range of medical services for adults and children.
Highly qualified doctors, who are constantly improving their knowledge and skills.
Availability of outpatient and inpatient offices (day and 24-hour hospital).
Laboratory allowing a fast and reliable way to do all the necessary tests (ability to conduct test in the CITO mode!).
Convenient location (closey to the metro).
In the modern world, people do not have enough time to listen to themselves and to their health. Therefore the work of our specialists is aimed to ensure that we have the ability to give all necessary assistance in comfortable conditions as quickly as it's possible. For this reason many patients trust their health and the health of their loved ones to the doctors at «AVICENNA MED». At our center you can receive all necessary consultations, go for a complete examination and a variety of tests.
We respect your choice and will do our best to be worthy of it!


Credentials are offered at the SDSU main campus, SDSU Imperial Valley Campus or through the SDSU External Degree/Self-support programs.
Submit Interfolio program application. Consult the department website for details concerning required materials.
*All application materials must be submitted to Graduate Admissions and to the department by February 1 to receive admissions priority. Please check the department website for specific department deadlines.
*All official transcripts and test scores must be submitted to Graduate Admissions by the file completion deadline. A complete College of Education admission application and all supporting documents are due to the Credential Department by March 1. Please visit the department's website and the College of Education's admission application for details.
*All official transcripts and test scores must be submitted to Graduate Admissions by the file completion deadline. A complete College of Education admission application and all supporting documents are due to the Credential Department by March 1. Please visit the department website and the College of Education's admission application for details.
SDSU's Imperial Valley Campus is located 120 miles east of San Diego.
Complete the program application using Taskstream. Consult the department website for details concerning required materials.


text:
90% Sahara depositors don't have bank accounts
The Supreme Court's direction was one thing, but how does Sahara group's three crore investors get back the Rs 24,000 crore the company is supposed to refund them? As per the company's admission, a vast majority of these investors don't have a bank account, whereas the Securities and Exchange Board of India (Sebi) proposes to transfer the money through payment methods that require a bank account.
"Around 90% of our depositors, investors are those very small investors, who never go to banks and banks too never reach them," Sahara said in an advertisement issued the day after the SC asked it to refund the money raised by two of its group companies — Sahara India Real Estate Corporation Ltd and Sahara Housing Investment Corporation Ltd — through optionally fully convertible debentures.
If needed, Sebi could take the help of an outside agency, the SC had said. Sebi subsequently came out with a tender asking registrar and transfer agents (RTAs) to bid for handling the work.
While the tender document does not mention Sahara, figures of 3 crore investors and 30 crore documents correspond to publicly available numbers concerning the Sahara case.
A subsequent document discusses electronic payment as the main method of redemption. "At present, it is proposed to make payments through NEFT/RTGS. However, depending upon the need to make payments through warrants, the RTA would have to make necessary arrangements for the same," it said.
RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement) and NEFT (National Electronics Funds Transfer System) involve direct transfer of money from one account to another. A warrant too requires a bank account for deposit.
Emails sent to Sahara and Sebi representatives did not receive a response.
The SC has directed the Sahara group to refund Rs 24,000 crore among its investors. However, most of them do not have a bank account. Sebi proposes to transfer the money through methods which need a bank account.
Ozg Cooperative Society Registration,
Project Approval & Liaisoning Consultant
Website: http://co-operative.ozg.in


text: Q: How can I seperate a page click from a drag in WPF? I need to only fire the page click event if a normal page click happens, not when a user clicks somewhere on my page, then drags the mouse to a different location and lets go of the mouse button. Right now the page click event is fired when the user lets go of the mouse button regardless of where he first clicked or how long the mouse button was held down for. I cannot modify any code in the mouse drag, mouse down, or mouse up events unfortunately, so no solution involving these events will work for me.


The is definitely the release I'm most interested in this month. The film has all the makings of an epic, but was less-than-enthusiastically received across the Atlantic. It is the difficult adaptation of the multi-award winning novel from 2004 by David Mitchell (not the comedian). The book follows six separate stories which are eventually shown to be related to each other in various ways, despite being set in various corners of the globe and often many centuries apart.
This must have made it a bit of a nightmare to bring to the screen, but the task was undertaken by Lana and Andy Wachowski (The Matrix Trilogy) and Tom Tykwer (Perfume, Run Lola Run). Tykwer is one of those rare directors who also composes music for his films, and here he teamed up with Reinhold Heil and Johnny Klimek to compose what was undoubtedly one of the best and most beautiful film scores to come out of 2012.
The film also boasts a stellar cast, with Tom Hanks, Halle Berry, Hugh Grant, Jim Broadbent, Hugo Weaving and Susan Sarandon, amongst others, portraying multiple roles in the various story segments. Despite all this, it failed to make huge waves at the US box-office, although the general impression is that those few who did enjoy it, think it's a masterpiece. Let's see what Europe thinks.
There's a point, roughly two hours in, where this fast-paced film takes a breather, and a new piano melody appears. It slowly builds to a gorgeous march, playing out perfectly in sync with the montage on screen. The shots skip nimbly between different eras and different locations, and the voiceover from one of them carries over into the others, perfectly accompanying what we are seeing on screen. It's a rare moment of movie perfection, with sound, music, narration, emotion and imagery melding perfectly. I wished it could last hours, but it was over in a couple of minutes - a sublime crystallization of all that is wonderful about this film.
This is, in fact, the single most daring and ambitious decision taken by the filmmakers - to constantly cut from one story to the other, rather than lay them out in lengthy chunks like the novel does. From the very beginning of the film, in a whirlwind opening sequence, we are transported between an 1849 sea voyage, 1936 Cambridge and Edinburgh - where a fledgling composer somehow completes his finest work, 1973 California - where a young reporter daringly tries to uncover an environmental time-bomb, present day UK - where a publisher is tricked into entering a mental asylum, 2144 Korea - where a daring escape is underway in a Coruscant-type city, and a post-apocalyptic Hawaii where technology is only held by the few. It seems like a mammoth task, but from the very first shots the frames are carefully set with props and clues, as well as costumes and makeup, to orient the audience to time and place. Somehow, it works, and it allows for a few breath-taking sequences like the one mentioned above.
The point, of course, is that everything is linked. As the film unfolds, we see how not-so-random acts of kindness in one era resonate in the next, and how places and people are clearly affected by others. Some of the links are obvious, but others had me thinking and reading up online well into the night after leaving the cinema, wide-eyed. The crossover narration mentioned above is a key feature, and it's not everyday you see such seamless collaboration between script and editing. The other way the filmmakers chose to link the eras is by having the same actors portray various roles in each segment. This is one change I was less enthusiastic about, although it does help stress the point of linkage. The makeup and prosthetics are generally excellent, but there were a few characters that I felt ended up looking too odd, and being a distraction.
The other common thread throughout the six segments is the music. Rather than try to compose music typical (or expected) of each setting, the music acts as a timeless thread between them all, also forming part of the plot, and of course enhancing key moments and carrying the story forward in other pulsating sequences. There are some moments of sheer gasp-out-loud joy, such as a comical escape, and others moments of shocking violence or futuristic action. The sheer variety and complexity of what we see on screen during these nearly three hours is staggering, and no wonder three directors were needed. I believe it was quite an oversight for the Oscars to shut this film out completely, especially with regard to original score. I can only imagine the logistical nightmares that art direction, makeup and costume design teams faced.
By the time things are brought beautifully to the boil, and all six segments rush towards their individual, but inevitably shared, conclusions, you'll either be completely befuddled and uninterested, or else be sitting there with your mouth open, wondering how anyone had the guts to make this film, and make it so beautifully.
Good review Mark. Not the perfect flick some people have made it out to be, but still a pretty entertaining and interesting piece of work.


text:
Q: magento 2 Unable To get Product Attribute I am trying to fetch product attribute on cart page but it is giving me a null value below is my code
path:-V\M\Plugin;
class GetAllRates{
    protected $_logger;
    protected $cart;
    private $productRepository;

    public function __construct(
        \Psr\Log\LoggerInterface $logger,
        \Magento\Checkout\Model\Cart $cart,
        \Magento\Catalog\Api\ProductRepositoryInterface $productRepository
    )
    {
        $this->_logger = $logger;
        $this->cart = $cart;
        $this->productRepository = $productRepository;
    }

    public function afterGetAllRates($subject, $result)
    {
        $writer = new \Zend\Log\Writer\Stream(BP . '/var/log/templog.log');
        $logger = new \Zend\Log\Logger();
        $logger->addWriter($writer);

        foreach ($result as $key => $rate) {
            $price = $rate->getCost();
           // $logger->info("cost".json_encode($price)); //log print

            $carrier = $rate->getCarrier();
            $price2 = $rate->getPrice();
           // $logger->info("price".json_encode($price2)); //log print

            //changing price fedexseconddaydelivery
            if($carrier == 'fedexseconddaydelivery'){
                if($rate->getCost()==$rate->getPrice()){
                    $shippingCost= 550 + $price;
                    $rate->setPrice($shippingCost);

                }
            }

            if ($rate->getIsDisabled()) {
                unset($result[$key]);
            }
        }

        $cart = $this->cart->getQuote()->getAllItems();
        foreach($cart as $item) {
            echo 'ID: '.$item->getProductId().'
';
            echo 'Sku: '.$item->getSku().'
';
            echo 'Price: '.$item->getFixedShippingCost().'
';

            $myVar = $item->getSku();
            $logger->info("sku".json_encode($myVar));
            $myVar2 = $item->getProductId();
            $logger->info("productid".json_encode($myVar2));
            $fixedShippingCost = $item->getFixedShippingCost();
            $logger->info("fixedshippingcost".json_encode($fixedShippingCost));
        }

        return $result;
    }
}

2021-09-14T10:43:43+00:00 INFO (6): sku"test1"
2021-09-14T10:43:43+00:00 INFO (6): productid"8089"
2021-09-14T10:43:43+00:00 INFO (6): fixedshippingcostnull

A: You need to load product by id
private $quoteItemFactory;
private $itemResourceModel;
public function __construct(
  .....
  \Magento\Quote\Model\Quote\ItemFactory $quoteItemFactory,
  \Magento\Quote\Model\ResourceModel\Quote\Item $itemResourceModel
  ......
) {
   ....
   $this->quoteItemFactory = $quoteItemFactory;
   $this->itemResourceModel = $itemResourceModel;
   ...
}

and in one of the methods you can do this:
$itemId = $item->getProductId();
$quoteItem = $this->quoteItemFactory->create();
$this->itemResourceModel->load($quoteItem, $itemId);


text:
UIC Platform Technology & Research Steering Body (Paris, 09 July)
Mr. Joachim Mayer, PTR Chairman opened the session and welcomed Mrs. Louise Shaw (ATOC) who replaces Mr. Ian Papworth as the official ATOC representative in the PTR Steering body and the PTR plenary sessions. Mr. Mayer took this opportunity to thank again Mr. Papworth for his active participation in the PTR
Then Mr. Mayer gave some general information on the new UIC organisation and statutes (according to a discussion that he had with Mr. Loubinoux, UIC Director General) and informed the PTR Steering body members that a draft PTR internal regulation should be written by an ad-hoc group and presented in the next PTR Steering Body meeting and plenary session in October 2009.
He also informed on the Regional Assembly Europe held on 15.06.2009. He had the opportunity to present the "PTR Strategy 2020" on which he gave a progress report.
Other important topics have been discussed in the session such as:
1. Noise reduction (progress report on the High level group noise presented by Mr. Gräber). A letter, signed by the RAE Chairman and Vice Chairman, will be prepared by J. Gräber and sent by the end of July to the RAE members (Infrastructure Managers, rail freight operators and integrated companies)
with the demand to finance the project "Optimisation of composite brake blocks contour" already from 2009.
2. Optimisation of composite brake blocks contour and LL brake blocks for S wagons presented by Mr. Guidi.
3. Progress report on the EU FP7, 3rd call presented by Dennis Schut. The PTR priorities and the envisaged UIC role war discussed in detail. The discussion was focused especially on the management and control of fatigue of railway axles in the international railway transport and the ongoing preparation of a related FP7 3rd call project.
4. TecRec MoU between UIC and UNIFE presented by Steffen Jank: a UIC / UNIFE meeting on rail standardisation was held on 24th July, the PTR members will be informed of the results in a near future.
5. Approval process of 2 UIC Leaflets :
a.N° 592 "Intermodal transport units (other than semi-trailers) for vertical transhipment and suitable for carriage on wagons – minimum requirements": this leaflet will be sent per e-mail in the three UIC languages to all PTR members for a written approval by the end of August 2009.
b.N° 556 "Information transmission in the train (train bus) – general dispositions (5th edition)". The written approval process has been finalised. The 5th edition will be valid from 1st August 2009.
6. Improvement of the production process of UIC leaflets:
The T&R staff managing the T&R leaflets should contact the small internal UIC working group created lately to put their thoughts in common.
7. New projects proposals and the PTR budget were also intensively discussed in this meeting. It has been stressed that concrete budget procedures should be included in the future PTR internal regulation to be presented also in the October session.
Additionally Mr. Emilio Maestrini, PTR Vice Chairman, made a presentation on the Viareggio (Italy) freight train accident that occurred on 29th June 2009.
The minutes of the last PTR Steering body meeting held on 25th March were approved in the session. The minutes of this meeting should be sent to all PTR Steering Body members by the end of July 2009.
Please note that the next PTR Steering body is foreseen on 14th October (11:00-17:00) followed by the plenary session on 15th October 2009 (09:00-13:00).
Mr. Mayer thanked Mr. Laszlo Tordai for his long professional commitment first at ERRI in Utrecht (Netherlands) and then at the UIC at the Technology and Research Department. This is his last PTR meeting. He intends to leave the UIC at the end of September 2009.
For more information please contact Isabelle Fonverne: fonverne@uic.org
Technology Research
UIC Drone Days Workshop
Reminder: Call for papers
First international workshop on socioeconomic impact of high-speed rail will be held from 14 – 15 September 2021


Fossil ankles show that Purgatorius, an early primate, lived in trees.
Earliest Paleocene Purgatorius often is regarded as the geologically oldest primate, but it has been known only from fossilized dentitions since it was first described half a century ago. The dentition of Purgatorius is more primitive than those of all known living and fossil primates, leading some researchers to suggest that it lies near the ancestry of all other primates; however, others have questioned its affinities to primates or even to placental mammals. Here we report the first (to our knowledge) nondental remains (tarsal bones) attributed to Purgatorius from the same earliest Paleocene deposits that have yielded numerous fossil dentitions of this poorly known mammal. Three independent phylogenetic analyses that incorporate new data from these fossils support primate affinities of Purgatorius among euarchontan mammals (primates, treeshrews, and colugos). Astragali and calcanei attributed to Purgatorius indicate a mobile ankle typical of arboreal euarchontan mammals generally and of Paleocene and Eocene plesiadapiforms specifically and provide the earliest fossil evidence of arboreality in primates and other euarchontan mammals. Postcranial specializations for arboreality in the earliest primates likely played a key role in the evolutionary success of this mammalian radiation in the Paleocene.
Earth's earliest primates have taken a step up in the world, now that researchers have gotten a good look at their ankles. A new study has found that Purgatorius, a small mammal that lived on a diet of fruit and insects, was a tree dweller. Paleontologists made the discovery by analyzing 65-million-year-old ankle bones collected from sites in northeastern Montana.


Messier object number 0 (NGC 127) is a galaxy and in the constellation of Fishes. It is also known as the . It is approximately 0 lightyears away from earth.
NGC 127 (M 0) is a galaxy and in the constellation of Fishes. It is also known as the . It is approximately 0 lightyears away from earth.


text:
USDA Reveals New Safety Measures to Reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter in Poultry
Today, the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Food Safety and Inspection Service (FSIS) announced that the agency has finalized new federal standards to reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter in ground chicken and turkey products, chicken breasts, legs and wings.
According to FSIS, these new measures will lead to an average of 50,000 fewer foodborne illnesses annually.
FSIS hopes to meet a number of goals with these new standards:
Reduce Campylobacter illnesses by 32 percent
Reduce Salmonella illnesses from chicken parts, ground chicken and ground turkey by 30 percent
Reduce Campylobacter presence in ground turkey by 19 percent
"Over the past seven years, USDA has put in place tighter and more strategic food safety measures than ever before for meat and poultry products. We have made strides in modernizing every aspect of food safety inspection, from company record keeping, to labeling requirements, to the way we perform testing in our labs," says Agriculture Secretary Tom Vilsack. "These new standards, in combination with greater transparency about poultry companies' food safety performance and better testing procedures, will help prevent tens of thousands of foodborne illnesses every year, reaching our Healthy People 2020 goals."
To test the food safety performance of establishments that prepare meat and poultry products, FSIS uses pathogen reduction performance standards. By making the standards for ground poultry tougher to meet, ground poultry products nationwide will have less contamination and therefore result in fewer foodborne illnesses. Even though it's been 20 years since FSIS implemented performance standards for whole chickens, it has since been proven that levels of Salmonella contamination actually increases when whole chickens are further processed into smaller parts. These smaller parts–mainly wings and breasts–represent 80 percent of the chicken available to American consumers. Another part of these new standards is that FSIS has updated its microbial testing schedule at poultry facilities. This will be coupled with more of each company's food safety performance details being posted online.
"This approach to poultry inspection is based on science, supported by strong data, and will truly improve public health," says USDA Deputy Under Secretary for Food Safety Al Almanza. "The new performance standards will complement the many other proactive, prevention-based food policies that we've put in place in recent years to make America's supply of meat and poultry safer to eat."


text:
CHOREOGRAPHER, DANCER
Olga Suarez Paz
Olga Suarez Paz, is an emerging talent of tango who been praised by the critics for the "high quality" of her dancing, the "stunning vocal performance" (Mike Telin, Cleveland Classical), "beautiful" (Fox 5, Good Day NY) expression and "sensual tangos" (goFasano, Italy). She studied classical dance, theater and music and made her debut as a tango dancer with Andrea Misse's Tangodanza. She performed with Opus Cuatro and the show at the historic Café de Los Angelitos in Buenos Aires before partnering with Leonardo Suarez Paz in 2009.
Since then, Olga Suarez Paz has been featured as a choreographer and principal dancer internationally in venues including CCK in Buenos Aires, for the closing of the Festival Piazzolla 25 Años, the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts (2011, 2012, 2013), Metropolitan Museum of Art, Cleveland Museum of Art, Conservatorio di Musica M. Benedetto and Palazzo Albrizzi in Venice, Italy as part of cultural events during the Venice Biennale of Art, Flipside Festival in UK and Fasanomusic Festival (Italy) among others. She has been featured as a tango dancer and choreographer in Savion Glover & Leonardo Suarez Paz: Tango, Tap & Fire, accompanied the Latin star Luis Miguel in Argentina, featured on Fox 5 Good Day New York, in the music video by Maluma and J. Balvin, at the National Museum of Dance in the United States, representing Tango Pasion company and in the Argentine documentary Circo de Arrabal, about Grammy-winning composer Carlos Franzetti.
Olga was featured with with the Greenwich Symphony Orchestra, Knickerbocker Orchestra of New York, GGFSO and many others. She is a principle dancer of Romance de Tango and Cuartetango Music & Dance Company since 2009, and since 2014, the Assistant Artistic Director of the above companies, which have been featured at the Teatro Colon Opera House, Teatro Alvear, Buenos Aires Tango Festival, on PBS, Fox 5, Ebru TV, in films and at the Latin Grammy Awards live, following a double Latin Grammy nomination. Additionally, she designs costumes, co-designs lighting, translates texts and lyrics for the company and has assisted in every aspect cd production for the recordings of Leonardo Suarez Paz. She is a choreographer and dancer for Symphonic Tango and Savion Glover & Leonardo Suarez Paz: Tap N' Tango. Olga holds the position of executive director and choreographer for Piazzolla 100, a project that elevates the genre while challenging the artistic, sociocultural and gender constructs. The project includes a performing arts, visual arts and literary component.
links to productions featuring Olga Suarez Paz
El Nueno Tango
Savion Glover & Leonardo Suarez Paz: Tap 'N Tango
Piazzolla 100