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"Oh Allah... Destroy the Jews, the Christians, the Hindus, the Russians, and the Shiites!": The Persecution of Christians, February 2022
by Raymond Ibrahim
https://www.gatestoneinstitute.org/18360/persecution-of-christians-february
Authorities called on ten other Muslim converts to Christianity, who were earlier cleared of all charges, to take "re-education" classes led by Islamic clerics... Earlier, the prosecutor in the case against these Christians had said that "apostasy" from Islam was punishable under Islamic law, or sharia, "and in the hereafter," even though it was "not criminalised in the laws of Iran." — articleeighteen.com, February1, 2022, Iran.
"It's not clear why or how he [a Christian] came to be arrested. Other charges, relating to violations of Egypt's cyber-crime law and using religion to promote extremist thought, were added later without offering Gerges or his defence team an opportunity to respond.... A law banning 'insulting the heavenly religions', criminalising blasphemy, has been repeatedly used to silence Egypt's religious minorities...." — World Watch Monitor, February 9, 2022, Egypt.
"He accused me of being an infidel by converting to Christianity, and that Allah will reward them in Jannah [garden paradise] if they kill me. He said to me that it is now the right time for me to receive punishment from Allah, whereby I was going to be burned alive and the birds of the air will enjoy me as their meat.... They started beating me up as others gathered firewood, while another was sent to go for petrol because they wanted to use it to burn me alive.... They found me behind the house about 100 meters away, tied and with firewood around me." — Morningstar News, February 16, 2022, Uganda.
"Jihadists came by motorbike.... The invaders told the Christians that "they don't want to see crosses." — Catholic News Agency, February 11, 2022, Burkina Faso.
"The man, Mohammed Derrab, remains in detention for anti-conversion charges brought against him." — International Christian Concern, February 28, 2022, Algeria.
"The threats come as a result of failure to comply with the 2006 ordnance that requires non-Muslim worship to operate only in licensed buildings. However, the licensing commission has yet to issue a single permit." — International Christian Concern, February 28, 2022, Algeria.
Turkish authorities in February gave permission to turn the historic and much venerated Panagia Soumela Monastery (pictured) into a discotheque for the filming of an advertisement, which included people dancing to loud electronic music in the monastery's courtyard. Orthodox Christians responded with outrage at what they deemed the intentional desecration of a cherished site. The Monastery was founded in 386 AD and operated until the Turkish genocide of Christians, when it was abandoned, vandalized, used by smugglers, and eventually burned. After a lengthy rehabilitation in 2015-2017, the monastery was reopened for tourists — only to be immediately vandalized again, and now mocked in the context of filming an advertisement. (Bjørn Christian Tørrissen/Wikimedia Commons)
The following are among the abuses Muslims inflicted on Christians throughout the month of February, 2022:
The Muslim Slaughter of Christians
Nigeria: On February 25, members of the Islamic State West Africa Province murdered three Christians during an attack on Chibok, in the nation's northeast. The terrorists also destroyed a worship building belonging to the Church of the Brethren in Nigeria.
Pakistan: As many as 200 Muslims slaughtered Pervez Masih, a 25-year-old Christian video game store owner. On the evening of Feb. 13, he refused to gamble with some young Muslims who had entered his store. On the next day, Feb. 14, a mob "of 150 to 200 Muslims came to the Christian area of Lahore, some with guns, and started insulting and beating people, including Pervez," says the report.
"Despite his uncle's attempts to stop the beating, the attackers dragged Pervez away to torture him with sticks and bricks, threatening that they would not leave him alive. Eventually one of the Muslims, named Sohni, son of Allah Ditta, hit the young Christian in the head. When the latter fell to the ground everyone fled the scene, firing into the air."
Democratic Republic of Congo: On Feb. 24, Islamic terrorists, linked to the Allied Democratic Forces, murdered four Christians. One of those killed was Sylvia Kombi of the Anglican Church of Congo, long hailed for her service in providing trauma counseling to the terror-stricken region. "She was coming from our diocese in Kasindi where she had gone to give counseling to Christian refugees living in Lubhiriha," a local source recalled. While eulogizing Sylvia, the head of the missions arm of the South Rwenzori Diocese of Uganda, said:
"She would spend days with the Muslim background believers here to pray with them and guide them on how to face persecution and become bold servants of the Lord. She was a humble and loving sister who put the gospel needs of the church first and she never hesitated whenever we needed her to come all the way from DR Congo to train our evangelists."
Muslim Attacks on Apostates, Blasphemers, and Evangelists
Iran: Authorities called on ten Muslim converts to Christianity, who were earlier cleared of all charges, to take "re-education" classes led by Islamic clerics. Because the former Muslims had been "misled" to Christianity, authorities explained, these classes were meant to "guide them back onto the right path." Earlier, the prosecutor in the case against these Christians had said that "apostasy" from Islam was punishable under Islamic law, or sharia, "and in the hereafter," even though it was "not criminalised in the laws of Iran." According to the Feb. 1 report,
"Despite this, the Christians must now endure 10 compulsory sessions with Islamic clerics, who will attempt to revert them to Islam in what is a clear breach of their rights under the international covenants to which Iran is a signatory. Such so-called 're-education' sessions have become much more common in recent years, even appearing in the list of 'corrective punishments' on official court papers..."
In a separate incident, three people who converted from Islam to Christianity — a married couple and a separate woman — were, according to a Feb. 9 report, "summoned to begin serving prison sentences of between two and five years for 'acting against national security' by attending a house-church and 'spreading Zionist Christianity.'" The man, Ramin Hassanpour, is to serve five years in prison; his wife, Saeede, and the other woman, Sakine Behjati, are each to serve two years. A fourth member of the group, Hadi Rahimi, is already serving a four year sentence.
Egypt: A Christian man was convicted of blasphemy and sentenced to five years imprisonment. On Jan. 29, Marco Gerges was pronounced guilty of "contempt for Islam" and "exploiting religion in promoting extremist ideas." According to the Feb. 9 report:
"Gerges, reported to be a 'private citizen', was arrested in June 2021 on suspicion of having 'sexual images' on his mobile phone that, the prosecutor said, were in 'contempt of the Islamic religion'. It's not clear why or how he came to be arrested. Other charges, relating to violations of Egypt's cyber-crime law and using religion to promote extremist thought, were added later without offering Gerges or his defence team an opportunity to respond.... A law banning 'insulting the heavenly religions', criminalising blasphemy, has been repeatedly used to silence Egypt's religious minorities... Since the beginning of 2021, there have been at least three similar cases to Gerges', in which the courts have resorted to 'unconstitutional and overbroad laws such as blasphemy...'"
Uganda: Muslims beat unconscious a Christian evangelist on his way to participate in an open air debate on Islam and Christianity. When Charles Kamya, 43, was about 300 yards away from the site of the debate, two men approached and stopped his car, Kamya later related from his hospital bed.
"I stopped my car only to be ambushed by six other Muslims in Islamic attire who resurfaced from the bush at around midday... Some beat me badly while others cut me with some objects, and I lost a lot of blood as they pulled me out of my car and threw me out."
While thrashing him, one of his attackers said, "You have been terrorizing our religion. Today Allah has called you, and you are going to meet him." Two hours later, a passerby found Charles lying unconscious in a pool of his own blood. About a week earlier, Charles was involved in another debate; then, he held and cited from a Koran problematic passages that he said were resolved through the Christian message:
"I used the Koran to show Muslims that from the beginning of the Earth to date, God wants all people to be saved including Muslims. I also discussed Surah 72 about the powers of evil jinn, and that they can be defeated by Issa [Jesus], and many Muslims converted to Christ. One sheikh wanted to grab the Koran from me, but I refused and left immediately. It [the second debate to which he was traveling but never reached] was well publicized, with my photo displayed as the main debater of the day in Christian-Muslim dialogue."
Also in Uganda, on Feb. 6, Muslim family members beat, tied, and tried to burn alive a former Muslim turned Christian evangelist. Malingumu Bruhan, 34, had long since left his village, but returned for his grandfather's funeral, and then accepted his uncles' request to stay and visit. It was not long, however, before one of Bruhan's uncles, Musa, began to accost him, as Bruhan later recounted:
"My uncle accused me of embarrassing them by holding Christian evangelistic, open-air meetings and debates with Muslims. He accused me of being an infidel by converting to Christianity, and that Allah will reward them in Jannah [garden paradise] if they kill me. He said to me that it is now the right time for me to receive punishment from Allah, whereby I was going to be burned alive and the birds of the air will enjoy me as their meat."
Bruhan remained silent, which provoked his uncles to even greater fits of rage: "They started beating me up as others gathered firewood, while another was sent to go for petrol because they wanted to use it to burn me alive." During this time, a friend of Bruhan came looking for him, only to discover his shoe, "which had come off as his uncles dragged him off for slaughter."
"My friend made several phone calls after finding my shoe, and they arrived and started searching for me. They found me behind the house about 100 meters away, tied and with firewood around me. They tried calling the police, which scared the attackers, and they fled."
Bruhan was taken to and treated in a medical clinic for head injuries. Because he is a well-known evangelist, who frequently participates in Christian-Muslim debates, Bruhan has been targeted for and "survived 11 murder attempts."
Finally in Uganda, on Feb. 6, Muslims intercepted and beat a relative as he was leaving church, where he had just publicly professed his newfound faith in Christ. Sadi Bwanga, 20, a grandson of a local Muslim sheikh, was seen earlier that morning traveling to the church with a Christian evangelist. His extended family followed him. When he and his friend exited the church, his family approached, yanked Sadi, who was carrying a Bible, to one side, and confronted his companion:
"One of them told me 'We know that you are a Christian, but our son is a Muslim—we do not want to see you here.' So I left immediately. Just a little distance away I heard loud screaming from Sadi crying for help."
When another vehicle drove by and stopped, the Christian told them what was happening, prompting the Muslims to place Sadi in their vehicle and drive away. The evangelist continues:
"I knew that they were going to kill my friend, so I alerted my pastor, who organized two vehicles immediately and we drove to Sadi's home. On arrival there were several people outside, but on seeing us they fled. We found Sadi outside his cottage lying in a pool of blood and half-naked at around 2:30 p.m., with serious head and leg injuries, but still alive."
Sadi was rushed to a hospital, at which point his relatives destroyed his living quarters. He was released from the hospital more than a week later...."
Muslim Attacks on Churches, Seminaries, and Crosses
Germany: On Sunday, Feb, 6, a man entered a Catholic church and interrupted evening mass by throwing himself onto the ground and screaming "Allah!"
Although the priest responded by saying "You are disturbing our service. You are welcome to sit here, but you must be quiet," other congregants, including an off-duty police officer, escorted the man outside, even as he "said incomprehensible, confused things about Israel and the Mossad." The priest continued his sermon by saying:
"There are many people from other countries living among us who have no home here. Like the man who just disturbed our service. The life of migrants is very difficult... The leaders of the Muslims in Europe assume that they will be in power here in a few decades. That should make us think."
Switzerland: Crosses are set to disappear from the nation's largest cemetery because their sight "disturbs" people from "other religions." The report is careful not to mention who these people might be.
A separate Feb. 16 report tells of a "controversial" imam, Abu Ramadan, a Libyan, and his sermons. In one, he said before his Swiss mosque congregation,
"Oh, Allah, I ask you to destroy the enemies of our religion, to destroy the Jews, the Christians, the Hindus, the Russians and the Shiites. God, please destroy them all and restore Islam to its ancient glory."
The imam was accused of inciting racial hatred, but still attends his mosque. He is also "accused of having received 600,000 francs in social assistance in thirteen years ... without any effort to integrate," an official said, "We cannot strike out social assistance for a refugee, even if we condemn his remarks." The report concludes:
"This Libyan political refugee returned several times to his country, clandestinely. During the investigation, he did not cooperate with the criminal authorities: he refused to answer questions about his income. If convicted, he risks losing his C license and being expelled."
Burkina Faso: During the night of Feb. 10-11, "jihadists came by motorbike" and attacked Saint Kisito de Bougui, a seminary that houses nearly 150 seminarians (future clergymen in training). Although no lives were lost, "there was a lot of material damage," notes the report. "The attackers burned two dormitories, a classroom, and a vehicle. Another vehicle was stolen. A crucifix was destroyed." The invaders told the Christians that "they don't want to see crosses." The terrorists also told them to "go now, that they will come back and if somebody remains there they will kill them."
Egypt: Over the course of two days, dozens of Christian residents in a village in Minya, "staged a demonstration," according to a Feb. 10 report, "to demand government approval for the construction of a church in their village to replace their place of worship which burned down in 2016." A week later, local authorities responded by arresting nine Christians from the village. The report adds:
"The protest and arrests are just the latest incidents in a hot-button issue of sectarian discrimination in Egypt, where the country's Christian minority has struggled against government policies that severely restrict the building and renovation of churches."
Algeria: Authorities arrested a Christian man for preaching outside of his sealed-off church and giving a passerby a Bible. According to the Feb. 28 report:
"The man, Mohammed Derrab, remains in detention for anti-conversion charges brought against him. The arrest occurred in Tizi Ouzou, a province in Algeria that has already seen several church closures, including a new threatened closure from the provincial governor. Due to the closures, Brother Derrab, an elder at the closed Tafat church in Tizi Ouzou, preached outside of his church on January 27 and gave one listener a Bible, resulting in his arrest the next day. Authorities searched the elder's house afterwards and confiscated his collection of Bibles. During the trial, an Algerian judge sentenced Brother Derrab to 18 months in prison. Brother Derrab is currently detained in prison awaiting his next trial date to appeal the judgment next month."
As the report details, this incident is representative of a pattern of persecution against the Protestant churches of Algeria:
"To date, at least 16 churches affiliated with the Protestant Church of Algeria (EPA) remain closed or have been threatened with closure. The threats come as a result of failure to comply with the 2006 ordnance that requires non-Muslim worship to operate only in licensed buildings. However, the licensing commission has yet to issue a single permit."
Turkey: Authorities gave permission to turn a historic and much venerated Christian monastery into a discotheque for the filming of an advertisement, which included people dancing to loud electronic music in the monastery's courtyard. Orthodox Christians responded with outrage at what they deemed the intentional desecration of a cherished site. Located in Trabzon and built into a steep cliff side, Panagia Soumela Monastery was founded in 386 AD and operated until the Turkish genocide of Christians (Armenians, Assyrians, Greeks, among others) when it was abandoned, vandalized, used by smugglers, and eventually burned. After a lengthy rehabilitation in 2015-2017, the monastery was reopened for tourists — only to be immediately vandalized again, and now mocked in the context of filming an advertisement.
According to a separate Feb. 2 report, local Muslim villagers have transformed an ancient church, the Assyrian church of Mor Aday, built in the seventh century, into a horse stable, after it was left by local Turkish authorities to fall into ruin and decay. Sadly, the debasing and desecrating of Christian churches and monasteries by turning them into horse stables is an ancient Islamic practice. Ottoman Sultan Muhammad II, for instance, vowed to transform the churches of Constantinople into stables for his army's horses; in the years before the First Crusade, the Turkish ruler of the ancient Christian city of Antioch converted its main cathedral into a horse stable; and a Georgian chronicler wrote of how "holy churches [throughout Asia Minor] served as stables for their [Turkish invaders'] horses."[*]
Raymond Ibrahim, author of the new book, Defenders of the West: The Christian Heroes Who Stood Against Islam, is a Distinguished Senior Fellow at the Gatestone Institute, a Shillman Fellow at the David Horowitz Freedom Center, and a Judith Rosen Friedman Fellow at the Middle East Forum.
While not all, or even most, Muslims are involved, persecution of Christians by extremists is growing. The report posits that such persecution is not random but rather systematic, and takes place irrespective of language, ethnicity, or location. It includes incidents that take place during, or are reported on, any given month.
[*] Sphrantzēs, Geōrgios, The Fall of the Byzantine Empire: A Chronicle. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1980, p. 123; Frankopan, Peter. The First Crusade: The Call from the East. London: Vintage Books, 2013, p. 91; Bostom, Andrew, ed. The Legacy of Jihad: Islamic Holy War and the Fate of Non-Muslims. New York: Prometheus Books, 2005, p. 609.
Follow Raymond Ibrahim on Twitter and Facebook
Recent Articles by Raymond Ibrahim
Genocide in Nigeria, Armenia and Syria: The Persecution of Christians, December 2022, 2023-01-22
The Death of Christianity in Bethlehem, 2022-12-25
"We Are Going to Kill You and Destroy Your Church": The Persecution of Christians, November 2022, 2022-12-21
"The Kafirs [Unbelievers] Should Be Killed, All of Them": The Persecution of Christians, October 2022, 2022-11-27
"You Think You Can Run Away?": The Persecution of Christians, September 2022, 2022-11-06
Jeff Page • Mar 27, 2022 at 11:53
This type of article gives people a great deal to think about. What is obvious is that it appears that many in the world of politics simply take little if any notice or deliberately ignore the truth of Islam. Many Muslims travelled to Europe to escape warzones, or so they say. For some that is true, but for others, they took advantage and managed to enter Europe under the guise of being "refugees". They are supposedly in search of a better life, which for some it is and as such they are grateful. But amongst the "refugees" are some followers of Islam that mean harm and from the minute they settle in a place of safety, begin to undermine those who helped in their hour of need. They settle at taxpayers' expense, in homes that could well have been allocated to their own citizens and instantly make demands for Mosques and other things related to their "religion". And 9 times out of 10 they get their demands. However, no matter what help and cooperation they receive, they will not in many cases adhere to the laws of the country they settle in. Cultural practices, abhorrent to many Europeans are openly displayed as their bravado increases. The rape gangs that abuse girls as young as 11 years of age flourish in many towns and cities in Europe. The local police and council authorities do nothing to stop this as they fear being labelled "racist"! To be honest, that is simply cowardice. The least of my worries would be being called a "racist", particularly if it came to defending children from gangs of abusers just because they happen to be Muslim, wouldn't make any difference to me, I'd be straight at them! European countries, European Politicians have lied to their electorate, they have kept some terrible behaviour by Muslim men out of the public arena. Obviously, they only fear for themselves and not the child victims. Also the MSM, main TV stations have refused to report in-depth on the grooming scandal, they fear an attack such as that which happened on the Charlie Hebdo offices where many reporters were massacred by gunmen who were followers of the "religion of peace". It's something we have come to expect from our Politicians and cowardly MSM. Their slogan is "Hide the truth at all cost"! Murder of Christians in many places throughout the world, our oh-so politically correct leaders and the press is never openly discussed for fear of retaliation, and with the high numbers of Islamic followers entering Europe and Canada as well as the US, we need to brace ourselves for a great many more lies and bullshit!!
cammo99 • Mar 27, 2022 at 08:25
The left would have us believe that its all about poverty. In the fantasy world of the left where sex is a question for the imagination and not a biological fact, exempting Islam from criticism and for "infidels" a potentially lethal result fits their paradigm of "common sense". In the USA atheist's don't want to see crosses either and like Muslims they don't get repelled by crosses but just express hate in too many instances.
Christianity has had difficult periods where it did not rise to the level of living its basic principles in love, but the religion of peace has had even less success getting a more reformed view of the world down to the people and the result is lethal, murder and other crimes against humanity that in the sewers of social and global justice is blamed on poverty. And Catholics like Pelosi who made up her own Bible verse to peddle junk socialism and also puts the burden of poverty on anyone who has anything more than anyone else feeds the shaitan of Islam. "When shaitan can not make you sin , he wastes your time." And the devotees of Islam in its persecution of other peoples is a shaitan success story.
FREE ALI MOHAMMED AL-NIMR!
Ali Mohammed al-Nimr, a prisoner in Saudi Arabia who was sentenced to death as a minor, faces "death by crucifixion" after a final appeal has been dismissed. He was arrested in 2012 when he was just 17, during a crackdown on anti-government protests in the Shiite province of Qatif. According to the International Business Times, Al-Nimr was accused by the authorities of participation in illegal protests and of firearms offences, despite there being no evidence to justify the latter charge.


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Say NO to Hunting Crow
Home > News & Alerts > Hunting & Wildlife Management > Say NO to Hunting Crow
Alaska wildlife threatened by NPS ghastly hunting rule change
In My View: Natural is the way to go to ward off pet ticks and fleas
Did you know crows are migratory songbirds subject to the protection of various international treaties and conventions?
They are regarded as intelligent, highly evolved, vocal birds, who feed on fruit, seeds, insects and are quick to seize an unexpected food sources.
In the United States, however, they are exempt from protections due to regulations enacted by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1973. Since then, mostly unlimited crow hunting has been allowed throughout the country during designated "open seasons" which are typically 124 days a year, to meet the demands of hunters who want live shooting targets.
Recently, the Maine Department of Inland Fisheries Wildlife has proposed to extend the crow hunting season in the far north of the state that would take place from early February to mid-April and again from early August to late September. This would be in addition to the already existent crow-hunt season in the state, for which there is no daily bag limit.
This is obviously an attempt by the Department of Inland Fisheries Wildlife to appease hunters and justify increasing the sale of hunting licenses on which the department relies heavily. It is another example of how the cruel desires of hunters, who only make up 13% of the state of Maine, are directly influencing how the state's public lands are used and abused.
We are asking our Maine supporters to OPPOSE this proposed crow hunting season and voice your opposition to the Department of Inland Fisheries Wildlife. Tell them crows should be fully protected in Maine. All comments will be counted. It only takes a moment and could help make the difference between life and death for America's crows.
Please send your comments to Becky Orff at the DIFW before May 30th:
Becky Orff, Inland Fisheries Wildlife, 284 State Street, 41 State House Station, Augusta, ME 04333.
Comments can also be emailed or phoned to (207) 287-5202.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Pocket Atari is the official Windows CE port of the open source Atari 800 emulator. It emulates the 8-bit series of computers made by Atari in the 1980s. This includes computers such as the Atari 400, 800, 800XL, 65XE, 130XE and several others. Being in development for many years, the emulator core delivers, undoubtedly, the best emulation experience of the Atari 8-bit machines.
The Windows CE port enables users of handheld devices to enjoy their favorite games and apps in their Pocket PCs and Smartphones. The WinCE port was originally done by Vasyl Tsvirkunov. Kostas Nakos joined the development team from version 2.0.0 onwards and is responsible for the WinCE port. This is the web page to check out for the latest stable binaries and development builds.
The WinCE port supports both Smartphones and Pocket PC devices using a single binary. It is built targetting the 2002 version of the OS. This means that it will probably run OK on devices using a newer version of the OS, as there seems to be backward compatibility. It has been tested WinCE 2002, 2003 and WM5 devices and it ran just fine. It would be nice to contact me if you get it to run on different devices.
What you really need is a WinCE device featuring an ARM processor. This is not a severely limiting requirement, as all modern devices designed for Windows CE 2002 and later are ARM enabled. Aside from that, for Pocket PCs supported displays are monochrome, palleted (256 color) and high color (65536 color) with resolution greater than 240x240. For Smartphones the supported display is high color with resolutions of 176x220 and 240x320. If you'd like me to include support for different display configurations, you can use the feature request facility of the Atari 800 Source Forge page.
Get the latest stable release version from here. It is version 2.0.3 released Jul 21 2007.
For installation and usage instructions, check out the readme file included in the archive.
Please note that previous versions required zlibce.dll to be inside the installation directory. This is not needed from now on as the zlib library has been compiled statically in the executable.
The emulator core features a great wealth of emulation-related build options. Some of the more processor hungry features are turned off in the WinCE version, as the target devices usually have less capable processors. The main disabled feature is the cycle exact emulation of graphics, but you will not notice the difference in most of the software. One other thing to look out for is the high quality Pokey sound emulation option. Turning it on in slow devices can lead to device freeze, with no clean exit options and thus requiring a reboot. Other than that, you can expect a fully working emulator.
For the users trying to roll their own WinCE binary, you may (or may not) stumble on the following issue: The Microsoft WinCE development tools may complain when opening the "PocketAtari.vcp" project file. The issue is that the project file needs CR+LF instead of only LF. You can use any utility like unix2dos to circumvent it.


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Is your Application is available for Desktop, Laptop or for Windows?
– Sales Assist is Mobile application, So Desktop, Laptop or Windows version are not available.
By Satish Mantri|2018-06-22T08:39:45+00:00June 22nd, 2018|Comments Off on Is your Application is available for Desktop, Laptop or for Windows?


Since 2012, a limited number of regular-issue National Park quarters of each design have been struck at the San Francisco Mint for collectors only. Get the 2015-S National Park quarter honoring Kisatchie National Forest in Louisiana.
Add the limited-issue 2015-S Kisatchie National Forest quarter to your collection today.


Many of my patients ask me how important I think it is to have dental insurance. In my professional opinion, if you are a young individual who is healthy, has no current dental problems and visits the dentist twice a year for regular cleanings and check-ups you may not need it if you can't really afford it. The cost of simply getting the cleanings, which is all you'll likely need most of the time if you have good oral hygiene, is usually less than the cost of dental insurance.
However, if you're dental health is not ideal, you have several dental problems which will need to be fixed at sometime and your level of oral hygiene isn't the best, you should consider getting dental insurance as it will actually save you money in the long run. Dental procedures can prove to be very costly. Although most communities have fluoride which does help reduce dental problems and save vast amounts of money for many people, the millions of people yearly who need to have fillings, crowns, root canals or teeth extracted who don't have dental insurance probably wish that they did.
-Regardless of your current health, enrollment is available to anyone.
Most important to most people on this plan, there is no set annual maximum benefit. You're able to use the plan as much and as frequently as you need.
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The 2nd coming of Jesus Christ (cf. Hebrew. 9:27) is mostly a predominant subject matter with the New Testomony.
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In the wake of recent geopolitical events, a key construct for this year's annual meeting was democracy and civil society.
Amidst 3,000 most influential leaders from all walks of life, there were also 50 "Global Shapers" at the World Economic Forum (WEF) Annual Meeting in Davos this year. I was one of them and found Davos as invigorating and meaningful as I had imagined. The start itself was exciting; after two days of brainstorming on the role of artificial intelligence in shaping democracy, other speakers and I boarded a train from Zurich to Davos. About 10 minutes before reaching Davos station, I noticed the ticket collector walk in, furiously waving a passport. It happened to be mine. I hadn't left my seat, so my Davos journey began by wondering how my passport had learned to walk.
But things settled down; the theme of the 47th Annual Meeting was "Responsive and Responsible Leadership". It explored some of the most pertinent questions facing business and society today, including, but not limited to, the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impact on globalisation, job creation, democracy, ethics and morality.
My days usually began at six am, when it was still pitch-dark and -22 degrees outside. On the second day, I missed the shuttle transfer to the congress center and ran five kilometers, in slippery snow, to make it to a breakfast with Christine Lagarde in time. There were 10 of us in the room; Lagarde was keen to hear our views on the future of workforces and the impact of artificial intelligence on jobs, gender roles and the economy. Towards the end of breakfast, she shared an interesting story from when she was finance minister of France. Often presidents of companies would come to report on their strategies; when she asked them about their board composition, they would always say that they would love to have a woman on their board, but they just couldn't find any, the ones they knew already being fully booked. So, she kept a piece of paper in her bag with the names of 20 women ready on it. Breakfasts like these set the tone of the day and we headed for public sessions, bilateral meetings and working group discussions with a sense of possibility.
It is my belief that diversity in all shapes and forms — gender, age, origin, opinion, culture, conviction — is an asset to problem-solving. One of the key challenges for the technology sector is designing products and services that help societies embrace the benefits of the Fourth Industrial Revolution equitably. With this in mind, I organised a roundtable discussion for my fellow Global Shapers with Microsoft's CEO, Satya Nadella, and its President, Jean-Philippe Courtois. There were three key takeaways: Firstly, millennials value organisations with a clear social mission. Secondly, new operating models are required for the bottom of the economic pyramid; 3.5 billion people are not online. There is a strong correlation between poverty and digital connectivity. We must ensure that the Fourth Industrial Revolution is inclusive. Lastly, collaboration among policymakers and technology players must be enhanced. Often, public policy lags technological innovation, creating an antithetical relationship.
I was also part of a working group on last-mile internet connectivity. It had representatives from corporates, start-ups, governments and international organisations. We resolved to scheduling a call every month to share our concerns and outline further steps. There are some who criticise Davos for being removed from ground realities; they couldn't be more wrong. I noticed a sense of great urgency in every session and in every stakeholder to transform their ideas into action and make a measurable impact.
In the wake of recent geopolitical events, a key construct for this year's annual meeting was democracy and civil society — in that context, it was energising to see the importance placed on India's role in shaping the global discourse. Even in the context of economics, despite India's poor ranking in the World Bank's Ease of Doing Business Index, it was hard to miss the palpable excitement about investing in India and exploring new business opportunities. A stable democracy, coupled with a high demographic dividend and the emergence of a new class of entrepreneurs, were discussed on several platforms.


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May 22, 2014 Michael J. Roberts
May 22, 2014, Inside the Auditorium Theatre; Walking Tour, Photo by Michael J. Roberts
Celebrating 125 years in operation we take you behind the curtain for a walking tour of the magnificent Auditorium Theatre.
A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE
In 1885, wealthy Chicago-based businessman and philanthropist Ferdinand Wythe Peck began ambitious plans for the building that would house the Auditorium Theatre. At the time, Chicago was still recovering from the 1871 Great Chicago Fire and was rife with the contentious labor/management issues that would lead to the 1886 Haymarket Square bombing. Peck was committed to building a state-of-the-art performance venue that would make high culture available to the general public, while also helping to bolster Chicago's sullied reputation. To subsidize the cost of performances, Peck envisioned a new concept in design: a multi-use structure that would encompass the theatre, as well as a luxury hotel and office space; proceeds from the hotel and offices would fund performances and keep ticket prices affordable.
The architecture firm Adler & Sullivan was retained to design the landmark building in the Richardson Romanesque style at the corner of Michigan Avenue and Congress Street. In order to fund the undertaking, Peck enlisted the support of some of the most prominent names in Chicago history, including Marshall Field and George Pullman. On October 5, 1887, President Grover Cleveland came to Chicago to lay the cornerstone of what would become the most important building in Chicago of its era; an edifice that would garner international attention and play a key role in making Chicago the city it is today.
"The Eighth Wonder of the World"
At the time of its opening on December 9, 1889, the Auditorium Building was the epitome of modern design. No building was more innovative. The largest structure in the United States and the tallest in Chicago, it housed not only the glorious Auditorium Theatre, but also a luxurious 400-room hotel and 136 offices. Weighing 110,000 tons, the Auditorium was also one of the heaviest constructions in the world, necessitating a creation of a massive "raft" of railroad ties, steel rails, pitch and concrete to provide a strong foundation. The building was often referred to as "the eighth wonder of the world."
The theatre itself was a marvel of cutting-edge technology, featuring the prominent display of an astounding 3,500 bare carbon filament light bulbs (only publicly seen for the first time in 1879), unrivalled acoustics, air conditioning (which called for the delivery of 15 tons of ice daily), 26 hydraulic lifts that could easily raise and lower sections of the stage, and an expansive 95-foot loft above the stage for flown scenic elements.
The gala opening night performance was the social event of the year, perhaps even the event of the decade. In attendance were President Benjamin Harrison, Vice President Levi Morton, Illinois Governor Joseph Wilson Fifer, Chicago Mayor DeWitt Clinton Cregier, the theatre's financial backers and the city's elite. President Harrison (who had visited the Auditorium in 1888, when the theatre, still a construction site, housed 9000 Republican National Convention attendees) was evidently so impressed that he was rumored to have whispered to Vice President Levi P. Morton, "New York surrenders, eh?" Crowds of people lined the streets waiting to get a glimpse of the famous and wealthy guests. A highlight of the evening was American opera star Madame Adelina Patti's rendition of John Howard Payne's "Home Sweet Home."
The Auditorium Theatre played a key role in Chicago's honor to host the 1893 Columbian Exposition, which, in turn, helped to make Chicago the city it is today. Local civic leaders in Chicago were vying with those in St. Louis, New York City and Washington DC to host a fair that could reestablish Chicago as a solid destination for travel and commerce. The international sensation brought about by the opening of the Auditorium was seen by Congress as an indication that the people of Chicago possessed the vision, forethought, work ethic, and financing to successfully produce a world-class fair.
During its early decades, the Auditorium stage played host to the leading entertainers of the era, including John Phillip Sousa, Sarah Bernhardt, the Ziegfeld Follies, Anna Pavlova and Helen Morgan, as well as political figures including Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin D. Roosevelt and Booker T. Washington. It was also the home to the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Grand Opera Company, and even featured indoor baseball games.
Distinctly American in Design
Key to Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan's vision for the theatre was to create a space that was distinctly American, not an imitation of the types of theatres that were typically found in Europe, where social class structure informed architecture, dictating that the best seat be reserved the wealthiest. As such, Adler and Sullivan relocated the box seats (historically held for the elite in Europe) to the sides, with an expansive main floor and generous balconies offering optimal sightlines to the general public. Ornamentation did not glorify noble figure or mimic baroque palaces but rather featured the artful interpretations of natural elements including flowers and vines, and bucolic murals.
With its relatively low ceilings and spare decoration, the lobby of the Auditorium Theatre also represents a distinctly American style of design called "compression and release." Adler and Sullivan felt that when patrons departed "compressed" lobby spaces, the impact of "releasing" into the towering six story auditorium, with its grand gilded arches and glittering ceiling, would be all-the-more dramatic. Sullivan's compression and release technique became a key element of the designs of his protégé Frank Lloyd Wright, who, at age 21, had worked as a draftsman on the Auditorium Theatre.
Decline and Closing
Peck's hope that the revenue from the hotel and offices would subsidize the cost of presenting performances ultimately proved unsustainable, particularly as more modern hotels (featuring private bathrooms) came about. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra moved to Orchestra Hall in 1904, and the Grand Opera relocated to the Civic Opera House in 1929. In the early 1930s, estimates were taken to demolish the building, but the cost of the demolition was more than the land was worth. Following a run of the comedic musical revue "Helzapoppin," the Auditorium Theatre went bankrupt and closed in 1941.
In 1942, the Auditorium was taken over by the City of Chicago to be used as a World War II servicemen's center. The stage and front rows of the theatre were converted to a bowling alley and much of the ornate stenciling, plasterwork and art glass was covered over. At the Auditorium Building, more than 2.2 million servicemen were housed, fed, and entertained between 1941 and 1945. In 1946, Roosevelt University saved the venue from the wrecking ball by acquiring the building, but lacking the money required to renovate the theatre, kept it dormant for two decades.
In 1963, Mrs. Beatrice Spachner, with the approval of Roosevelt University, created the Auditorium Theatre Council and undertook a campaign to restore and reopen the theatre, raising nearly $3 million to renovate the structure. Architect Harry Weese oversaw the refurbishment of the theatre, and on Oct. 31, 1967, the Auditorium Theatre reopened with a gala performance of the New York City Ballet's production of "A Midsummer Night's Dream."
Beginning in the late 1960s through today, a host of rock and pop performers took to the stage, including Jimi Hendrix, The Who, Janis Joplin, Bruce Springsteen, Elton John, Aretha Franklin, James Taylor and Bette Midler, among others. The venue also began to host some of the world's premier dance companies, including The Joffrey Ballet, Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, Bolshoi Ballet and American Ballet Theatre (all of which still grace the stage regularly to this day). Broadway musicals also have found appreciative audiences at the Auditorium Theatre, with long-running engagements of "The Phantom of the Opera," "Les Misérables," "Miss Saigon," "Show Boat," "Hello Dolly!," "The King and I," "The Who's Tommy" and many more. In 1975 the U.S. Department of the Interior declared the Auditorium Theatre a National Historic Landmark. A second phase of renovations was undertaken in 2001 led by architects Laurence Booth and Daniel P. Coffey.
To this day, the management of the Auditorium Theatre (now called the Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University) continues to maintain and restore Adler & Sullivan's masterpiece, while delicately updating various areas to meet the demands of contemporary artists and audiences. Recent innovations include the introduction of the theatre's first public elevator as well as the Katten/Landau Studio housed in the Roosevelt University Wabash Building. Typically, more than 200 performances and events—ranging from dance and theatre to music, educational programs and religious services—attract more than a quarter of a million people every year to Chicago's landmark theatre making it a true staple in Chicago and the rest of the world.
illustration, The Interior of the Chicago Auditorium from Harper's Weekly
The National Historic Landmark Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University, led by Executive Director Brett Batterson and Board Chairman Melvin L. Katten, celebrates the milestone 125th Anniversary and announces programming for 2014 – 15 Season.
Built in 1889 by the pioneering genius of Dankmar Adler and Louis Sullivan, along with their young draftsman Frank Lloyd Wright, the Auditorium Theatre, often referred to as "the eighth wonder of the world," would catapult Chicago onto the world's stage driving both culture and tourism to the Windy City.
In honor of the momentous anniversary, the Auditorium Theatre is thrilled to announce First Lady of the United States, Mrs. Michelle Obama, as the Honorary Chair for this historic season-long celebration; Mayor Rahm Emanuel and Amy Rule will serve as Honorary Co-chairs. Co-chairs for the 125th Anniversary Season include Norm and Virginia Bobins, Steve and Nancy Crown, Jorge and Catrina Ramirez, Jim and Sandy Reynolds, Jack and Carole Sandner, Ed and Dia Weil and Wilco's Jeff Tweedy with wife Sue Miller.
"On behalf of all Chicagoans, we are thrilled to celebrate the Auditorium Theatre's 125th birthday," said Mayor Rahm Emanuel. "This national historic landmark is representative of our rich history in the arts as well as the unique Chicago architecture styles that have influenced American building structures for generations. The Auditorium Theatre continues to make Chicago a leader in the arts and culture today, and I wish the Theatre nothing but good fortunes in the coming years."
At the time of its opening in 1889, the Auditorium Building was the epitome of modern design, the largest structure in the United States and the tallest in Chicago. It housed not only the glorious Auditorium Theatre, but also a luxurious 400-room hotel and 136 offices. The theatre itself was a marvel of cutting-edge technology, featuring the prominent display of an astounding 3,500 bare carbon filament light bulbs (only publicly seen for the first time in 1879), unrivalled acoustics, air conditioning (which called for the delivery of 15 tons of ice daily), 26 hydraulic lifts that could easily raise and lower sections of the stage, and an expansive 95-foot loft above the stage for flown scenic elements. During the grand opening night of the theatre, attendee President Benjamin Harrison was evidently so impressed that he was rumored to have whispered to Vice President Levi P. Morton, "New York surrenders, eh?"
The Auditorium Theatre played a key role in Chicago's honor to host the 1893 Columbian Exposition, which, in turn, helped to make Chicago the city it is today. Local civic leaders in Chicago were vying with those in St. Louis, New York City and Washington DC to host a fair that could reestablish Chicago as a solid destination for travel and commerce. The international sensation brought about by the opening of the Auditorium was seen by Congress as an indication that the people of Chicago possessed the vision, forethought, work ethic, and financing to successfully produce a world-renowned fair. These factors also led to the Auditorium Theatre becoming one of the finest venues in the world to present first-class entertainment and was the first home to some of the greatest performance institutions including the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and the Chicago Grand Opera Company.
B&W reproduction of: Engraving; ICHi-00609; Season opening of the Auditorium Theatre; ; Chicago (Ill.); Dec. 9, 1889; Publisher—Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. Courtesy of the Chicago History Museum.
The Anniversary Season pays homage to the extraordinary caliber of dance over the past 125 years with the return of The Royal Ballet to Chicago after a 37-year absence from Chicago. Led by Director Kevin O'Hare, the company will present Carlos Acosta's production of "Don Quixote" and a triple bill of Wayne McGregor's "The Art of Fugue," Christopher Wheeldon's "Aeternum"—which premiered at the Royal Opera House in February 2013 and was nominated for an Olivier Award—and an as yet, un-choreographed piece by Liam Scarlett which will premiere at the Royal Opera House in February 2015.The company will make their Auditorium debut during a three-city tour of the U.S. that includes The John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts and the Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts.
"I am delighted to bring The Royal Ballet back to Chicago as part of our US Tour in 2015," said O'Hare. "The Company has a long history of performing in North America and we've always been made to feel very welcome by our American audiences. The Royal Ballet hasn't visited Chicago since 1978 so the two programs we plan to bring are designed to showcase the depth of the company's repertory and the talent of our dancers led by our world-class roster of principals. We are honored to be part of such a special season at the Auditorium Theatre."
In November 2014, Dance Theatre of Harlem makes a triumphant return to the Auditorium Theatre after 16 years, bringing innovative and bold new forms of artistic expression with a mixed repertoire performance.
"The Auditorium Theatre was one of my favorite places to perform when I was a dancer with Dance Theatre of Harlem," said Artistic Director Virginia Johnson. "Now, as Artistic Director, it is a thrill and honor to bring the new Dance Theatre of Harlem to Chicago and the Auditorium, particularly as part of its 125th Anniversary celebration."
"The Auditorium's 125th Anniversary Season showcases the incredible diversity and scope that has graced this historic landmark stage for 125 years," said Auditorium Theatre Executive Director Brett Batterson. "When the doors of the Auditorium Theatre opened in 1889, the world was not expecting the grandeur that came along with Adler and Sullivan's pioneering design and insightful forward-thinking. What the people of Chicago as well as the rest of the world received, was a historic space where anything could happen. From National Conventions to stunning theatrical performances, breathtaking ballet to the most heart-pounding rock concerts, this building has seen a little bit of everything and true history lives within the intricate walls that are sure to house another 125 years of extraordinary talent and mesmerizing performances."
Highlighting the Anniversary celebration is a special Gala performance on December 9, 2014, exactly 125 years from when the Auditorium Theatre's doors opened in 1889. The evening will host Chicago's premiere cultural institutions including members of the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, singers from the Lyric Opera of Chicago, as well as The Apollo Chorus – who participated in the opening night of the theatre 125 years ago. These world-renowned organizations including surprise celebrity guests (to be announced soon), celebrate the rich history and opening night that put Chicago on the world's stage. The evening's program will include a tribute to the diverse entertainment that has been and continues to be presented at the theatre including Broadway, Pop, Rock, Dance and a special salute to the Military, which made its home at the Auditorium during wartime. The Gala performance will be followed by a celebrity dinner at the Palmer House.
2014 – 15 Season Programming
Highlighting both International and Chicago talent, the Anniversary season features the International Dance Series with six announced world-class dance companies including The Royal Ballet and Dance Theatre of Harlem; the "Made in Chicago" Dance Series, presenting Chicago's premiere dance companies; the "Made in Chicago" Variety Series including comedy acts and music performances (some still to be announced); and a free "Made in Chicago" Film Series dedicated to Chicago films including movies filmed at the Auditorium Theatre. The theatre will also present Special Community Outreach programming including the Preservation Snapshots Lecture Series, an in-depth architectural lecture series in collaboration with Landmarks Illinois; and many more collaborations with Chicago's premiere cultural institutions throughout the season.
International Dance Series
In addition to The Royal Ballet Theatre and Dance Theatre of Harlem, the Auditorium Theatre's 2014 – 15 Season includes the return of American Ballet Theatre. Artistic Director Kevin McKenzie brings an eclectic mixed repertoire to the Auditorium stage including "Bach Partida" by Twyla Tharp, "Fancy Free" by Jerome Robbins, and two Pas de Deux's still to be announced.January gets a heat-wave when Tango Buenos Aires makes a one-night-only stop in the Windy City. Georgina Vargas and Oscar Mandagaran, recognized as one of the best tango couples on the international level,bring their sensual passion to the Auditorium stage.Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater, a perennial Chicago favorite, returns to the Auditorium in March 2015. "America's cultural ambassador to the world," celebrates the uniqueness of the African-American cultural experience and the preservation and enrichment of American modern dance while bringing audiences to their feet at every performance. After unveiling their innovative, jarring portrayal of "Rodin" during the Auditorium's 2012 – 13 Season, The Eifman Ballet of St. Petersburg returns to debut the American premiere of a new ballet currently being created. Led by visionary choreographer Boris Eifman, the company continues to push the limits of contemporary ballet and is hailed by the "The Financial Times" as "the dance equivalent of a guilty pleasure." More exceptional International Dance presentations will be announced at a later date
"Made in Chicago" Dance Series
Paying tribute to the abundant amount of talent within the Chicago dance community, the Auditorium Theatre announces the "Made in Chicago" Dance Series. Performing a special ode to the Windy City, Thodos Dance Chicago performs an innovative rendition of "Devil in the White City" in addition to a mixed repertoire program. Returning to the Auditorium stage after their "jolting" performance during the Auditorium's Music and Movement Festival, Giordano Dance Chicago brings a program of mixed repertoire including their critically acclaimed "Moving Sidewalks," a piece about Chicago's Pilsen neighborhood. After stunning audiences with the world premiere of "Havana Blue" in 2013, River North Dance Chicago returns to the Auditorium to showcase their athletic, sensual and dynamic repertoire. Additional Chicago companies will be announced as part of the "Made in Chicago" Dance Series at a later date.
"Made in Chicago" Variety Series
To highlight the wide-range of entertainment that is presented at the Auditorium, the theatre celebrates the diversity and scope with the "Made in Chicago" Variety Series. Also celebrating a significant anniversary, "Too Hot to Handel: The Jazz-Gospel Messiah," returns for its 10th year, once again paying tribute to Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. The joyful, exuberant and all-American version of Handel's beloved oratorio takes the stage with Chicago's own Rodrick Dixon, Alfreda Burke and Karen Marie Richardson in January 2015. Auditorium Theatre audiences get a treat when the United States Army Band makes its debut appearance on the Auditorium's landmark stage for a free performance in support of Soldiers and their families. Susan Werner, an Auditorium Theatre favorite, will return for an intimate "On Stage With" performance allowing audiences to experience a performance while sitting on the actual landmark stage. An exciting line-up of some of Chicago's greatest comedians and musicians will be announced at a later date.
"Made in Chicago" Film Series
Paying homage to the classic movies that have been filmed in Chicago, and in many cases in the historic theatre ("The Untouchables" and "Public Enemies"), the Auditorium presents the free "Made in Chicago" Film Series. Chicagoans will have the chance to select the chosen films by voting on their favorites including "Risky Business," "Blues Brothers," "High Fidelity," "The Fugitive," and many more. Voting details and a full list of film choices will be available at a later date.
Auditorium Theatre's 125th Anniversary Creative Engagement Programming
The Auditorium Theatre's Department of Creative Engagement will launch a collection of free or low cost family and community programming for the city to enjoy throughout the 125th Anniversary Season celebration. Kicking off the educational programming, theAuditorium Theatre and Landmarks Illinois partner to present a free year-long series of lectures celebrating the architectural landscape of 1889 in Roosevelt University's Murray-Green Library (430 S Michigan). Other highlights include afree Family Fun Day when the theatre open its doors for a day filled with arts activities and performances for the entire family. Celebrating Honorary Chair of the 125th Anniversary Season First Lady Michelle Obama'sfitness agenda "Let's Move!," the Auditoriumpresents Dance Fit Day urging and inspiring Chicagoans to get moving with dance focused fitness classes featuring Chicago based dance companies. Event dates to be announced.
Roosevelt University
Roosevelt University, which acquired the Auditorium Building in 1947, will celebrate three anniversaries in 2014 – 15: the 125th Anniversary of the building and theatre, the 70th Anniversary of the University and the 60th Anniversary of the University's merger with the Chicago Musical College, now known as the Chicago College of Performing Arts (CCPA).
The University will celebrate with a lecture series commemorating Roosevelt's restoration of the building and its founding faculty and students. Throughout its 2014-15 Season, CCPA will explore ways to reflect upon the Auditorium's history in programming by its theatre and music conservatories. In addition, its annual musical highlight, "Vivid", in April 2015, will feature music that has played an important part in the history of the Auditorium Theatre. "The Auditorium is clearly one of Chicago's treasures and we are pleased to join with them in celebrating this milestone," said CCPA Dean Henry Fogel.
125th Anniversary Season Sponsors
The Auditorium Theatre is also proud to announce two of the 125th Anniversary Season Sponsors: Lead Foundation Sponsor The Robert R. McCormick Foundation and David D. Hiller, and International Dance Series Sponsor NIB Foundation.
The theatre will be making additional announcements over the next six months with exciting programming and various fundraising initiatives to continue the renovation and refurbishment of this National Landmark to ensure another 125 years as a centerpiece of Chicago.
Fundraising and Restoration Initiatives
Now in its 125th year, the Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University celebrates its historic landmark status as a true symbol of the City of Chicago. With vast improvements already made, the Theatre continues to build upon the incredible framework that Adler and Sullivan designed 125 years ago. In order to maintain both the structure of the theatre as well as the commitment to the community both educationally and theatrically, a strong fundraising campaign has been set forth to celebrate the 125th Anniversary with a goal of $2 million, which will be split between programming and capital improvements. To date, over $1 million has already been raised!
Ticket and Subscription Information
Subscriptions will go on sale to current Auditorium Theatre Subscribers in February/March of 2014. New subscriptions will go on sale in April of 2014. Tickets to individual performances will be announced later this summer.
For more information, visit AuditoriumTheatre.org/125
About the Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University
The Auditorium Theatre of Roosevelt University, located at 50 E Congress Pkwy, is an Illinois, not-for-profit organization committed to presenting the finest in international, cultural, community and educational programming to Chicago, and to the continued restoration and preservation of the National Historic Landmark Auditorium Theatre. The Auditorium Theatre is generously supported by the MacArthur Foundation, the NIB Foundation, the Illinois Arts Council and the Palmer House Hilton. For more information about programming, volunteer and donor opportunities or theatre tours, call (312) 341 – 2310 or visit AuditoriumTheatre.org.
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What Price Victory, August 6, 1945
Every outcome in history has at least one alternative, that path that was not followed. If you've listened to this podcast for a couple of years or more, you have heard a similar version of tonight's episode. This is one of the few times that, instead of exploring just the event as it occurred, we also take a look at the other likely path. Why? Because that other branch of the tree of history was the one that most of the world thought would be the one to play out. The path that was not chosen was also well-planned for by the groups involved because almost all the decision-makers were kept in the dark about one huge fact. This is amazingly rare in modern history.
On August 6, 1945, a United States Army Air Corps B-29 bomber named 'Enola Gay' dropped a uranium fission bomb codenamed "Little Boy" over the city of Hiroshima, Japan. On August 9, a B-29 named 'Bock's Car' dropped a bomb with a plutonium core named "Fat Man" on Nagasaki. These two dates remain the only times nuclear weapons have been used for their original intended purpose: to destroy population centers along with an enemy's ability and desire to wage war. For seven decades, the world has debated the wisdom and morality of the use of these weapons. To better understand the reasoning at work in the minds of Allied leaders and war planners, it is important to look at the events leading up to these August, 1945, dates and consider one of the greatest 'what if' scenarios of not just the Second World War, but of all modern military history.
By the summer of 1945, the Empire of Japan had ceased being a threat in most areas of the Pacific theater of war. Okinawa, only 340 miles from mainland Japan, was secured by U.S. Army and Marine Corps divisions by the end of June. While significant Japanese ground forces remained active in China and Korea, the Allies had destroyed the Imperial Navy over the course of the previous three-and-a-half years, leaving her coastal cities open to shelling from the battleships and heavy cruisers of the U.S. and British Pacific fleets. The Japanese air force, while numerically still a presence, was all but grounded due to a lack of fuel. Every major city in the Japanese home islands had been at least partially leveled by daily U.S. Army Air Corps bombing raids. The Japanese merchant fleet, once one of the world's largest, had ceased to exist. The island nation was cut off.
Yet, the remains of the once-vast empire fought on. There was a strong belief among the military leaders of Japan that a successful invasion of the four main Japanese home islands would mean the end of the nation as a distinct cultural entity. The hardliners believed that surrender was not an option and that an Allied invasion required the entire population to fight to the point of extinction. There were voices of moderation in Tokyo, one of them being the Emperor of Japan. However, tradition demanded that he remain officially silent. He had made his desire for a negotiated peace clear, however, in private discussions with his ministers. The Emperor wanted the Soviet Union (who was not yet at war with Japan) to act as a mediator between the warring powers in the Pacific. However, he also wanted some sort of concrete victory in order to gain leverage during the negotiations. But by the end of June, 1945, it was clear there would be no great Japanese victory on Okinawa or anywhere else. Furthermore, the Soviets were not interested in brokering a deal of any sort: Josef Stalin had his own plans.
Meanwhile, the war in Europe ended in early May, 1945. While the occupation of Germany and Eastern Europe and post-war actions of the Allies had been discussed on multiple occasions since early in the conflict, there were still many details which needed to be sorted out. Beginning on July 17th, leaders of the United States, United Kingdom and the Soviet Union met in Potsdam, Germany to discuss both the issues of occupation and the war in the Pacific. President Harry Truman, who had come to the office after the death of President Roosevelt in April, arrived at the conference with monumental but secret knowledge: an atomic bomb had been successfully tested in the New Mexico desert just one day before the beginning of the conference. Three years of super-secret work and billions of dollars had resulted in the construction of the most deadly weapon in human history. Yet only a handful of people not working directly on the device knew that it even existed. Truman himself was not made aware of the bomb's pending completion until after Roosevelt's death in April, 1945, despite the fact he had been the Vice-President.
Truman met with Prime Minister Winston Churchill on July 21st, at which time the two agreed on the use of the weapon. Soviet Premier Stalin was not told until July 25th, a delay which made him privately angry but only because his advice on the weapon's use was not sought as Churchill's had been. In truth, Stalin knew about the new weapon from information provided by Soviet spies working inside the Manhattan Project.
On July 26th, Truman, Churchill and President of the Republic of China Chiang Kai-Shek issued the Potsdam Declaration, a statement which called for the surrender of Japan. It was an ultimatum; as the Declaration stated, the alternative for Japan was "prompt and utter destruction." The Declaration was transmitted via radio, leaflets were dropped over the home islands, and it was conveyed diplomatically by Swiss intermediaries. Newspapers in Japan were the first to announce that the government rejected the Declaration, although it is doubtful they had any official word on which to rely. On July 28th, Japanese Premier Kantaro Suzuki announced that since the Declaration was just a rehash of earlier Allied demands, it would be met with mokusatsu, a Japanese word that roughly translates as "to treat with silent contempt." Thus, the Declaration was not so much rejected as it was ignored.
Much has been made of the Premier's words by historians, with some suggesting that his failure to issue an outright rejection indicated a willingness to negotiate. However, there is no strong evidence to support this. The faction in Tokyo that was willing to negotiate an end to the war wanted to deal from a position of strength. Even the Emperor, portrayed for more than seven decades as a man who wanted nothing more than peace, believed that strong resistance to an Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands would open the door for more balanced negotiations.
Even the Emperor, subject to deification by the Japanese population, could not see the events unfolding across the Pacific. When news reached Washington that Tokyo was unwilling to surrender, President Truman took the decision to use one or more nuclear weapons against Japanese cities. On August 6th, 1945, the weapon known as Little Boy was detonated over the city of Hiroshima. On August 9th, the weapon called Fat Man was used against Nagasaki. The immediate effects of the blast and short-term intense radiation exposure killed more than a quarter-million people over the next four months. The plan called for the continued use of nuclear weapons against one city after another until the Japanese surrendered. However, on August 15th, the Japanese government announced its surrender. Three weeks later, on board the battleship USS Missouri, the instrument of surrender was signed by representatives of the Japanese government and the Allied powers. The most destructive war in the history of mankind was over.
But what if the two atomic bombs had not been used? What if technical difficulties had delayed the production of a working nuclear weapon for several more years? Or, what if President Truman had come to consider nuclear weapons morally reprehensible and forbade their use against any target? While the latter scenario is unlikely (Truman said repeatedly that he did not hesitate in his decision to use the bombs against Japanese targets nor did he regret it later), the former could very well have taken place.
For the millions of Americans and their allies in uniform in 1945, an invasion of Japan seemed the next logical step in a bid to bring the Second World War to an end. What few of them knew, and what many people still do not know today, is that planning for the invasion of Japan was well underway. In fact, the primary plan for the invasion had been circulated in early May, 1945. It took into account the fanatical resistance the Japanese military had put up in the face of invasion of even the smallest bit of land in the Pacific. It was this plan which President Truman and Prime Minister Winston Churchill had in their minds as they discussed the use of nuclear weapons. As you will see, there were no easy alternatives.
The planned invasion of Japan was known as Operation Downfall. It was broken down into two major operations: Operation Olympic, the invasion of Kyushu, the southernmost of the main Japanese islands. The operation would begin on X-Day, Thursday, November 1st, 1945. Operation Coronet was the planned invasion of the Kanto Plain south of Tokyo. Y-Day was set at March 1st, 1946. The southern third of Kyushu would be used as the staging area for this invasion.
The resources being set aside for these two operations were unlike anything seen up to that point in the war. The landing force for Olympic would consist of 331,000 American soldiers and 99,000 Marines. Coronet could consist of roughly the same number of Americans, many of them belonging to divisions that had fought in Europe. Three divisions of U.S. Marines would participate in each landing; that was the entire Marine Corps as it existed in 1945. These numbers do not include the tens of thousands of British, Australian and New Zealand troops which would have taken part in Operation Coronet.
In the air would have been the Fifth, Seventh and Thirteenth Air Forces of the U.S. Army Air Corps, along with the Eighth Air Force just transferred from Europe. With them would have been the Tiger Force of the RAF Bomber Command and the Australian First Tactical Air Force. The waters surrounding the invasion beaches would have contained the largest naval armada ever assembled. The U.S. Third, Fifth and Seventh fleets, comprised of 56 aircraft carriers, 20 battleships, over 50 cruisers and hundreds of smaller warships would have been joined by the entire British Pacific Fleet made up of 6 fleet carriers and their escorts. This represented 90% of the world's naval ships as of 1945, all concentrated in one area. And this tally only includes the warships. Thousands of cargo ships and troop transports would have been on the scene as well, making the Allied of invasion of Normandy in June, 1944 look small in comparison. The invasion beaches had already been given names such as Cadillac, Zephyr, Mercury, and Packard, all automobile manufacturers.
The Japanese Army had large numbers of troops in Korea and China in 1945, all of them essentially trapped in position with no hope of resupply or rescue. There were, however, hundreds of thousands of soldiers stationed in the Japanese home islands. Tokyo's defense planners, like the Allied war planners, understood the importance of using Kyushu as a base of operations. Thus, they had stationed 600,000 regular army troops there. There were also 5,000 aircraft assigned for use as kamikaze aircraft, the suicide planes that had caused so much trouble for the U.S. Navy during the last year of the war. And although post-war estimates vary, there were as many as 12,000 aircraft set aside in reserve status, although the airworthiness of these planes is questionable.
The Tokyo Plain, the landing area for Operation Coronet, was defended by 560,000 troops. This did not include the vast number of civilians that were being armed with everything from modern rifles to wooden spears. The Japanese Navy, such as it was, still had 350 midget submarines ready for use, 1000 manned torpedoes and over 800 suicide boats. Like the aircraft designated for kamikaze work, the seaworthiness of some of these naval vessels is in doubt. However, the intent was to use them while the Allied invasion fleet was still far out at sea. While the powers in Tokyo knew that they could not ultimately repel an invasion, it was hoped that the operation could be made so costly that Allied leaders would be willing to negotiate a ceasefire, giving the Japanese the ability to negotiate from a position of strength.
For two generations, historians have debated the number of casualties (both dead and wounded) that would have resulted from an Allied invasion of the Japanese home islands. Even military leaders of the day could not agree on a casualty projection. The last study done during the war, created by Secretary of War Henry Stimson's staff, estimated that conquering Japan would cost 1.7 to 4 million American casualties, including 400,000 to 800,000 fatalities, and five to ten million Japanese fatalities. The total number of American deaths, on the low end, would have been more than the total number of American war dead experienced to that point in the war, both in the Pacific and Europe. Keep in mind that while American and Allied forces fought on Kyushu and the Tokyo Plain, the Army Air Corps would have continued to fire bomb Japanese cities, thus increasing the total civilian death toll.
Nearly 500,000 Purple Heart medals were manufactured in anticipation of the casualties resulting from the invasion of Japan. To the present date, all the American military casualties of the nearly 70 years following the end of the Second World War—including the Korean and Vietnam war—have not exceeded that number. There are still so many medals in surplus that combat units in Afghanistan are able to keep Purple Hearts on-hand for immediate award to wounded soldiers.
There would also have been political consequences to consider. In early August, the Soviet Union declared war on Japan and invaded parts of Manchuria and the Kuril Islands, the northern part of the Japanese island chain. It is very likely that Josef Stalin would have ordered his forces to continue moving down the island chain as the rest of the Allied forces moved up the chain from the south. It is possible that Japan would today be two nations, much like North and South Korea. The effect that would have had on the world, both economically and culturally, can not be measured.
The debate over the use of nuclear weapons against Japan in August, 1945, will continue as long as those events are remembered by human beings. One can only hope that future events will never be so horrendous as to cause Hiroshima and Nagasaki to fade from our collective memory.
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I love eyeshadow palettes just as much as the next makeup junkie, but I never use them as much as I should because they always include colors I don't like. To solve this problem, I decided to make a palette that I liked and would use. I did this using Inglot Cosmetics Freedom System.
Now, I started using Inglot back when the eyeshadows were only $4 each and you got the palettes for free, but unfortunately, times have changed *end rant*. Inglot has been compared to MAC because of the quality, long-wear and vivid colors. They really do create great products that are very affordable.
The first palette that I recreated was my 'smoke out' palette. These are all the colors I need to create the perfect smoky eye. The thing about Inglot products is that they don't have names, just numbers.
The second palette was just a bunch of colors that I really loved and had to have.
Numbers from top to bottom, left to right: 42. 449. 31. 446. 434. 45. 37. 452. 420. 428.
449 and 45 are just gorgeous.
I would love to hear feedback from you on any Inglot items you may have purchased.
I like inglot but i prefer to see them upclose and swatch them. I would be scared to just pull them off the website. However, even when I to IMATS i had a lot of duplicate colors. I really have not used palette and have given a number of shadows away. I may try again.


text:
GSK steps up for COVID-19
GSK has been closely monitoring the COVID-19 pandemic and is supporting global efforts to tackle the virus. In addition, since the start of the pandemic, GSK in Canada has been actively exploring ways to support those in our communities waging war against COVID-19.
GSK's Canadian operations – which include Pharma, ViiV, Manufacturing, Consumer Healthcare and Vaccines - are now taking a Canada-wide approach to support COVID-19 relief efforts. Towards this, GSK in Canada has made available $950,000 in corporate grants. The main pillars of this initiative are:
Over $650,000 available in donations, in support of charitable needs across the country during the pandemic;
$175,000 in grants and donations for patient groups, community groups, personal protective equipment and Independent Medical Education (IME)
Up to $120,000 toward matching employee donations to charitable organizations in a 2:1 ratio;
Providing GSK employees four paid volunteering days in 2020 (one per quarter – Q1, Q2, Q3, Q4) to enable them to volunteer their time for COVID-19 related initiatives
Over $650,000 available in corporate donations, in support of needs across the country during the pandemic. To date, the following groups have received a donation:
Save the Children (STC)
United Way / Centraide
Innovative Medicines Canada Fund
HIV Community Fund – which includes Elevate NWO, Fife House, Clinique Quorum, Clinique Actuel and Mainline Needle Exchange a patient support network in Halifax
Patient Groups Donations
To date, GSK in Canada has granted over $90,000 to patient organizations to continue
supporting their COVID-19 action plans which includes reaching out to their communities,
providing relevant information and education as they face new organizational challenges.
Personal protective equipment donations
Alongside our global efforts to help combat the COVID-19 pandemic with our science and
expertise, our Canadian operations have donated much needed surplus Personal Protective
Equipment (PPEs) in support of government requests. To date, GSK has been able to donate
1,500 N-95 masks to the Government of Quebec, 1,500 N-95 masks to the Government of
Ontario and a further 500 masks to a child care center in Ste. Foy, Quebec. Additionally, in
our effort to support front-line health workers, we have donated 2.5 pallets of PPEs to the
Region of Peel which will be shared between long-term care facilities and paramedics in the
Peel region.
Employee Giving & Corporate Match
GSK in Canada is establishing a COVID-19 Employee Giving & Corporate Match initiative
giving employees a say on charity donations. One charitable organization will be selected by
GSK employees in each of the four regions – Ontario, Quebec, Atlantic and West. GSK will
match funds contributed by employees to each of the selected four charities in a 2:1 ratio,
up to a maximum of $30,000 per charitable match with a potential total investment of
For the remainder of 2020, GSK in Canada is offering its employees three additional Orange
Days (one per quarter Q2, Q3, Q4), to volunteer with a charity or a non-governmental
organization partner to support COVID-19 relief efforts.
Launched in 2009, the Orange Day initiative allows all GSK employees to take one day off
each year to volunteer with a charity or a non-governmental organization partner, either
individually or with their team. Orange Day is on company time and employees can choose
any day to volunteer.
GSK Canada expanded this volunteering initiative out of a recognition that community
volunteers are needed now more than ever, and that its employees' experience and
expertise are invaluable to organizations at the frontlines of community health.
Through this pandemic, our priority remains the welfare of employees and helping to limit
the spread of the virus in our communities while continuing to ensure the quality, safety and
reliable supply of our medicines and products that are critical to the patients we serve.
Globally, GSK is prioritizing the fight against the COVID-19 virus. Towards this, we currently
have a number of collaborations supporting the development of a vaccine against the virus.
GSK Enquiries


The older I get, the more I notice two extremes among travelers. One seeks a new destination for every trip and rarely returns to the same locale. The other gravitates to the same spot, year after year, developing a strong and deep connection to one part of this very wide world.
Of what value are such traditions? Jo Gregory of Dane County wrote a beautiful essay about that for me in 1999, when I was a Madison newspaper editor.
Now she is 94 and the matriarch of three generations that still make an annual trip to the Cable area. Here is an edited version of her original article, and I hope it inspires or strengthens vacation traditions for you.
I have been going to the same part of the same lake for more than 60 years, and over that time the lake and rocks and trees have been etched in my mind.
Before I ever saw Lake Namakagon, in northern Wisconsin, I remember my parents coming home and telling the three of us children about the lake and Lakewoods Resort, where they stayed. We were all excited and wanted to know when we, too, could go there.
We went soon and often as my father, an attorney, had been retained to represent the estate of Judge Henry Laughlin in a matter involving the height of a dam on the Nainakagon River and subsequent effect on the ownership of lakeshore property.
The estate owned considerable property on Lake Namakagon (sometimes spelled Namekagon), including two cottages. We stayed in one of them, Dutch Lodge, on our frequent trips when my father measured lake depths, pored over old maps and interviewed longtime residents.
He won the case, but to us that was a minor detail. We simply enjoyed being "at the lake" and were overjoyed when my father accepted the two cottages as a part of his fee and we could spend every summer there. The lake was only 70 miles from Phillips, where we lived, but the trip took about two hours because of curving roads.
Lake Namakagon is where I learned to fish, row a boat, ride a horse, improved my tennis and swimming, hosted various friends and enjoyed my first kiss. It was a magical place and a magical time.
But times change … my father died the year I graduated from high school, and my mother sold our home and moved to the Madison area. Long summers at the cottage became only a memory.
We still had the cottages and spent some time there in summer, but soon there was a war and gas rationing. The cottage was more than 300 miles away.
As time went on, vacations became longer until I had a whole month to spend at the lake, finding all the good fishing spots. During those years various friends visited me there, including the man I eventually married. He enjoyed the lake, too, and the year after we were married, he and my brothers arranged to have Dutch Lodge remodeled and refurbished.
When our daughter was 6 weeks old, we took her to the lake. She and our other two children have gone to the lake every summer since they were born. The closest they came to missing a summer was the year they were all teenagers.
I had gone back to work and planned to spend my two-week vacation on a trip to England, my dream vacation since high school, as I assumed teenagers would no longer care to spend time at the cottage with their mother. How wrong I was.
There were long faces and disappointed looks. When I realized they really wanted to go to the lake, I immediately canceled my plans and spent those two weeks with them at Lake Namakagon while my friends toured England and Ireland.
That was the best decision I ever made. The children, who are now all responsible adults, and I still go to the lake every summer. We have not missed a single summer in more than 40 years.
When the children were very young, our family followed the pattern of my 1930s family. Father drove mother and children to "the lake" for the summer and returned on weekends, after work.
Consequently, I was the one who taught the children how to cast, how to put a minnow on a hook and how to catch and land a fish. Later I taught the somewhat older children how to row a boat, and then how to run a motor. It was the same with the grandchildren.
to sell Dutch Lodge. It was demolished.
The last summer there, I spent a great deal of time searching until I found a rental cottage on the same part of the lake. Our family has spent the first three weeks in June at that same cottage for more than 25 years.
When the children were really children, our summer activities centered around the beach, swimming in the clear, cold water, making endless sand castles and floating in real inner tubes. Cooler days found us roasting marshmallows in front of the fireplace and playing endless card games.
A few years later fishing, boating and water skiing were the big attractions, but every year we did some of the same things – and 40 years later we do them still.
We follow our traditions. The same lake, the same cottage, the same places to go, the same things to do – all familiar, which is why we enjoy them, year after year.
The children are now all adults, each with a different profession and lifestyle. Yet each summer they arrange their lives, often at considerable cost, to spend some time together at the lake, doing the same things, remembering the same things and building new memories.
I simply cannot believe how fortunate I am to share this with them. I have great hopes they will continue to do this long after I am no longer here to join them.
Life comes full circle as I watch my daughter play with her children on the same beach where she built her first sand castle, and I find inner peace, knowing that Namakagon has cast its spell on another generation.
I watch the smooth, tan bodies of my grandchildren, and catching that trophy walleye doesn't really matter anymore.
To my great surprise, I'd much rather "grandmother" than fish. I'm convinced that someday my great-grandchildren will build sand castles and swim in Lake Namakagon while the waves roll up on that same shore.
When my husband died suddenly and my life turned upside down, just being on Lake Namakagon was a great comfort to me. The lake and the trees were the same. The view across the lake was constant.
Life changes, terrible things happen, but that world remains the same, a peaceful place where for a little while all the yesterdays meet tomorrow.


BOS, or Bristol Online Survey, is a software which allows you to create online surveys quickly and easily. In addition, the software allows you to host your survey online and also assists with the creation of reports based on survey results. Please email llc@dundee.ac.uk.


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Melbourne :A match referee had warned of disgraced Australian cricketers Steve Smith and David Warner "being involved in a ball-tampering incident" in the domestic Sheffield Shield in 2016, a media report said .
The report, according to AFP, came after Smith and Warner were stripped of the captaincy and vice-captaincy and banned for a year from the sport after being caught up in a plot to alter the condition of the ball during the third Test against South Africa.
Umpire Daryl Harper said the pair was not engaging in fair play while representing New South Wales in a match against Victoria in November 2016, according to an email he sent to Cricket Australia's match referee and umpire selection manager Simon Taufel, the Sydney Morning Herald reported.
"When David Warner repeatedly bounced his returns in to (NSW wicketkeeper) Peter Nevill on the first day, the umpires appealed to Smith to support their calls for fair play," the former Australian Test umpire reportedly wrote in the email.
Harper, who is Australian, said Smith had complained about the state of the Sydney Cricket Ground pitch after his team lost, and also "gave the impression that he wasn't happy to be playing the Sheffield Shield match.
"This was at the same time that the South African captain (Faf du Plessis) was under scrutiny (for ball tampering) and before he had been charged," Harper added.
Cricket Australia has announced a review into team culture in the wake of the South Africa ball-tampering scandal.
Smith and Bancroft held emotional press conferences in Australia on Thursday after returning from South Africa, while coach Darren Lehmann said he would quit after the fourth and final Test which starts Friday, despite being cleared of any involvement in the affair.