text:
Karen Hakobyan
500 Riverside Dr Apt 3G, New York NY, 10027
Instruments: Composition, Harpsichord, Piano
Styles: Classical
I have extensive experience in teaching private lessons as well as group piano classes. For the past 10 years, I have taught all levels starting from beginners and ending with advanced students completing degrees in piano performance at different Universities. Several of my private students have won prizes in state and national piano competitions and have had performances with orchestras.
For the past 2 years I have taught private piano and group lessons at University of Utah, Music Department.
I have also taught composition lessons for the past few years. My works have been performed in Europe and USA and I have also been actively involved in the field of composition. I completed my Bachelors degree in both piano performance and composition.
My background training is deeply rooted into the Russian piano school. Combined with my background and the education received in Europe (mostly through masterclasses), I have developed my own teaching style that is well rounded and covers all the important aspects of pianism and pedagogy.
For additional information about me as a musician please visit my official website at www.karenhakobyan.com
Lessons are taught in a studio located in Upper Manhattan or at student's home
contact Mr. Hakobyan directly for lesson rates and additional information at:
website: www.karenhakobyan.com
- University of Utah - Masters of Music (M.M.)(teacher Dr. Susan Duehlmeier)
- Mannes College of Music - Professional Studies Diploma (P.S.D)(teacher-Dr. Arkady Aronov)
Distinguished for the musical color, brilliance and excitement of his performances, the talented Armenian pianist and composer Karen Hakobyan has been acclaimed for his individual style and depth of his interpretations. Hakobyan has received numerous awards, both for performance and composition. In 2006 Mr. Hakobyan won first prize in the MTNA state piano competition. In 2004 Mr. Hakobyan won first prize in the Four Corners Piano Competition, and The Fite Piano Competition. In 2003 he won first prize in the Pinault International Audiotape/Videotape Piano Competition, first prize in the Tourgee DeBose National Piano Competition, and first prize in the SummerArts Piano Competition. He has also been a top prize winner in the Armenian Legacy Pianists International Piano Competition and the International Festival of Creative Pianists.
Mr. Hakobyan has been a soloist with the Summer Arts Festival Orchestra, Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra, Armenia's "Serenade" Chamber Orchestra, Armenian National Chamber Orchestra, the University of Utah Philharmonia, the Salt Lake Symphony and New American Symphony. He has presented solo recitals in Armenia, the United States, Germany and France. His debut recital at Carnegie Hall in New York City on October 4, 2003 was very well received. Phillip Dieckow, concert pianist, New York reviewer, founder and director of the Dieckow School of Music in Hoboken, wrote in his review of Mr. Hakobyan's performance: "It is very difficult for me to be objective with this pianist. I am seldom moved to tears by performances any longer and even more seldom so delighted with breath-taking playing that I feel like dancing. Both were evoked during this young man's performance."
Mr. Hakobyan regularly appears in prestigious festivals and concert series. Some of his festival performance highlights include: the "Lille International Piano(s) Festival" in France in 2005 where he was featured with internationally renowned artists such as Boris Berezovsky, Nicholas Angelich, Piotr Anderszewski, and Philippe Bianconi: "The Pianist as Composer" Festival at Mannes College of Music in 2008 and "The Mendelssohn Salon Yearlong Festival" in 2009 in New York City. He was also featured at "Keys to the Future" Contemporary Music Concert Series in 2009 in New York City. Mr. Hakobyan's performances have been broadcasted on WQXR New York's Classical Radio Station and on Armenian National Radio.
Hakobyan is a winner of the 2004 ASCAP Foundation Morton Gould Young Composer Competition. His "Two Pieces for String Quartet" was awarded the Amadeus Diploma for Composition in 1998 during a competition held jointly by the Belgian Amadeus Association and the Armenian Musical Assembly. In the same year his work was included in the 12 best compositions at the Group Quest (USA) International Competition. In 2002 he was awarded the prestigious Robertson Scholarship in Composition at the University of Utah, primarily based on his Second Symphony, which was performed in Berlin in 2001 at the Young Euro-classic International Festival by the Armenian Philharmonic Orchestra.
Hakobyan has composed numerous works for symphony orchestra, chamber groups and soloists that have been performed in Europe and the United States, including Toccata for Solo Flute Op. 4 No. 2, Prelude and Fugue for Piano Op. 7, Piano Variations Op. 10 No. 1, Piano Sonata Op. 4 No. 1, Elegy for Violin and Piano Op. 5 No. 2, Trio for flute, clarinet and piano Op. 10 No. 2, Trio for cello, clarinet and piano Op. 12, Suite for solo violin Op. 11, Elegy for solo violin and symphonic orchestra Op. 5 No. 3, and Symphony No. 2 Op. 6.
Babadjanian "Poem" - Karen Hakobyan, piano
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fdF_tiviYxY
Select an instrument... CompositionHarpsichordPiano
Select a genre... Classical
Cleveland Institute of Music
The Cleveland Institute of Music is a leading international conservatory that is distinguished by an exceptional degree of collaboration between students and teachers.
The Indiana University Jacobs School of Music plays a key role in educating performers, scholars, and music educators who influence music performance and education around the globe.


Do you know if your drivers need updating? Are you suffering unexplained computer problems? And do you know how to update drivers in Windows 10?
A driver is a software that communicates with your hardware to make it work with your operating system. If you're having system trouble Why Does Windows Crash? The Top 10 Reasons Why Does Windows Crash? The Top 10 Reasons Oh, great. Another blue screen, boot issue or frozen screen in Windows. Now you have to restart and lose most or all of the work you'd been trying to accomplish. It's frustrating both because of... Read More , like a printer not working or games crashing, then it might be indicative that your drivers need updating.
Drivers are available for your video card, audio, motherboard, and much more. However, you don't always need to update your drivers for the sake of it. If everything is working well on your system, then you might be better off leaving them well alone. If they do need updating, though, we've rounded up a number of different methods to help you.
Be sure to head to the comments section afterward to let us know what methods you use to update your outdated drivers.
While you'll have drivers installed on your system, you may not know precisely what they are or what version you're using.
If you're running anything from Windows XP to Windows 8, you can use the Command Prompt How to Master the Command Prompt in Windows 10 How to Master the Command Prompt in Windows 10 This article makes the Windows 10 Command Prompt approachable and way more useful. Learn how to run multiple commands, get help on any command, and more. Read More to find this information. Press Windows key + X and click Command Prompt. Type driverquery and hit Enter to get a list of every driver installed on your system and when that driver was published.
You can also type driverquery > driver.txt to export all that information into a handy text file. The file will save into wherever your command prompt path is set to. So in my example above, that'd be C:\Users\Joe.
It's very important to bear in mind that the date given is not when you last updated the driver, it's the date the driver you're using was published. As such, although a driver might have a Link Date of some years back, it isn't necessarily true that it needs updating.
However, this method doesn't work properly on Windows 10. The information provided is either missing or inaccurate. As such, use the free utility DriverView instead.
This will give you all sorts of information about your drivers, like the version number, manufacturer, installation date, and more. You can double-click a driver on the list to see the information in a single view.
Windows will automatically update your drivers via Windows Update. This is usually safe and reliable because the drivers have been verified and should only be delivered to your system if they're known to be compatible. Windows Update runs in the background and you'll only notice it when it requires you to restart your system.
Windows 10 is far more pushy with updates Pros & Cons of Forced Updates in Windows 10 Pros & Cons of Forced Updates in Windows 10 Updates will change in Windows 10. Right now you can pick and choose. Windows 10, however, will force updates onto you. It has advantages, like improved security, but it can also go wrong. What's more... Read More than previous versions of the operating system. However, that's generally a good thing, since you can set it and forget about it, and it's usually intelligent enough to know when not to provide a driver update since you don't always need the most recent version.
To perform a Windows Update, press Windows key + I to open Settings and go to Update & Security > Windows Update > Check for updates.
You can disable automatic driver updates if you want, though it isn't recommended by Microsoft. To do so, perform a system search for device installation settings and select the relevant result.
If you don't want automatic updates provided through Windows Update Fix Windows Update & Make It Less Annoying Without Compromising Security Fix Windows Update & Make It Less Annoying Without Compromising Security Windows Update can be a nuisance. Here is how you can protect yourself from its annoyances without compromising security. Read More , select No (your device might not work as expected) and click Save Changes.
You can always reverse the change by returning to this window and selecting Yes (recommended) instead.
Check out our guide on taking back control over driver updates in Windows 10 Take Back Control Over Driver Updates in Windows 10 Take Back Control Over Driver Updates in Windows 10 A bad Windows driver can ruin your day. In Windows 10, Windows Update automatically updates hardware drivers. If you suffer the consequences, let us show you how to roll back your driver and block future... Read More for more advice.
You can also check all your devices and view their drivers using the Device Manager. To open it, press Windows key + X and click Device Manager.
The Device Manager will show all your system components, like your disk drives, display adapters, processors, and more. Double click a category to expand it and see the devices within.
To see driver information, right click a device, click Properties, and switch to the Driver tab. This displays the date the driver was published, its version number, and other information.
To check for a driver update, click Update Driver. Select Search automatically for updated driver software and Windows will search your computer and the web for the latest software. This is what it does through Windows Update anyway, but this is a good method to double check for a specific component. If an update is found, follow the wizard to install it.
You can also Browse my computer for driver software, which we'll cover in the manual update section below.
You can also go to the manufacturer of your device and update your drivers through them. If you want to download drivers manually then it's highly advisable to go straight to the source. This way you'll ensure the download is up-to-date and safe.
You can use the information provided through the "driverquery" command, DriverView utility or Device Manager to find out what drivers you have and who manufactures them. Head to their website and look for their driver section (it might be under a Support heading). Some providers, like AMD and NVIDIA, will have tools that can scan your system and detect what driver you need if you're unsure.
Once downloaded, most of the drivers will have executables that can be opened and they'll update what's necessary. If not, head back to the Device Manager, right-click the device, select Update driver, and click Browse my computer for driver software. Point the wizard to the location of your downloaded file.
If you bought the physical computer component itself then you may find that it came with a CD that includes drivers. Be slightly wary of these because unless they connect to the internet then there's a possibility they'll be outdated. The same applies to CDs that come with pre-built machines.
There's a lot of third-party software out there that will claim to scan your system and update all the drivers in one go. Do not use them. The methods listed above are safe. I've yet to find any third-party utilities that I'd consider truly reputable and that won't bundle adware How Adware Is Still a Threat to Your PC and How You Can Beat It How Adware Is Still a Threat to Your PC and How You Can Beat It Malicious popup adverts on your PC or mobile might not be as devious as newer online threats, but they remain a problem. Think adware is a thing of the past? Think again. Read More alongside, install outdated drivers, or get them from dubious sources.
Besides, your drivers shouldn't need updating that often anyway. The small amount of time it takes to perform the above methods are much more preferable than risking a third-party tool that could potentially muck your system up.
You may find that all your drivers are already up-to-date if you've never fiddled with your system settings, thanks to Windows Update. And if everything is working well then you might be better off not updating them at all. It's usually things like graphics cards, which receive constant patches to support recent games, that need updating the most.
Remember, always download your drivers from reputable sources (direct from the manufacturer if possible). Do not install any which weren't made specifically for your devices.
For more guidance, check out our advice on how to easily remove old drivers from Windows How to Easily Remove Old Drivers From Windows How to Easily Remove Old Drivers From Windows Not only does Windows retain previous driver versions for current devices, it also stores drivers for devices you stopped using long ago. We'll show you how to clean up old drivers from your system. Read More .
Explore more about: Drivers, Software Updater, Troubleshooting, Windows Update.
Generally if your current driver ain't broke then don't try to fix it.
One exception is if you've purchased a graphics card from a new generation of cards from the manufacturer. Games performance twelve months after release can be much faster than at release time as the company works out the bugs and best learns how to optimize their product.
You should check for updates in the firmware of your modem a few times a year to pick up security fixes.
Link no longer working to the Win XP file anymore.
That's because Win XP died years ago haha.
I know this. I've been running the 64 bit version of Windows 10 insider since before it was officially released. However, there are some programs that are legacy that would be nice to run in a VirtualBox that will not run in Windows 10 64 bit. Such as 16 bit programs (or their installers are 16 bit). So it would be nice. XP is available elsewhere however, and I think I may be able to find it one of my old DVDs - but I thought I'd let people who came across this article like I did for specific reasons to know the link no longer works to save them some time.
I didn't mean to imply that I am going back to Win XP.
It is the truth XP is not supported by Microsoft since few years. Unfortunately for you.


text:
El bisbat de Tepic  (espanyol: Diócesis de Tepic, llatí: Dioecesis Tepicensis) és una seu de l'Església Catòlica a Mèxic, sufragània de l'arquebisbat de Guadalajara, i que pertany a la regió eclesiàstica Occidente. Al 2013 tenia 1.168.480 batejats sobre una població de 1.325.985 habitants. Actualment està regida pel bisbe Luis Artemio Flores Calzada.

Territori
La diòcesi comprèn part dels estats mexicans de Nayarit i Jalisco.

La seu episcopal és la ciutat de Tepic, on es troba la catedral de Immaculada Concepció de Maria Verge.

El territori s'estén sobre 22.777 km², i està dividit en 92 parròquies.

Història
La diòcesi va ser erigida el 23 de juny de 1891 mitjançant la butlla Illud in Primis del Papa Lleó XIII, prenent el territori de l'arquebisbat de Guadalajara.

Cronologia episcopal
 Ignacio Díaz y Macedo † (19 de gener de 1893 - 14 de juny de 1905 mort)
 Andrés Segura y Domínguez † (6 d'agost de 1906 - 13 d'agost de 1918 mort)
 Manuel Azpeitia Palomar † (10 d'agost de 1919 - 1 de març de 1935 mort)
 Anastasio Hurtado y Robles † (21 de desembre de 1935 - 13 de juliol de 1970 jubilat)
 Adolfo Antonio Suárez Rivera † (14 de maig de 1971 - 8 de maig de 1980 nomenat bisbe de Tlalnepantla)
 Alfonso Humberto Robles Cota † (12 de gener de 1981 - 21 de febrer de 2008 jubilat)
 Ricardo Watty Urquidi, M.Sp.S. † (21 de febrer de 2008 - 1 de novembre de 2011 mort)
 Luis Artemio Flores Calzada, dal 30 de març de 2012

Estadístiques
A finals del 2014, la diòcesi tenia 1.168.480 batejats sobre una població de 1.325.985 persones, equivalent al 88,1% del total.

Fonts
 Anuari pontifici del 2015 i anteriors, publicat a www.catholic-hierarchy.org a la pàgina Diocese of Tepic
 Pàgina oficial de la diòcesi
 Esquema de la diòcesi a www.gcatholic.org
 Mapa de la diòcesi
 Butlla Illud in primis, a Sanctissimi Domini nostri Leonis papae XIII allocutiones, epistolae, constitutiones aliaque acta praecipua, Vol. IV (1890-1891), Bruges 1894, pp. 232–244

Bisbats de Mèxic
Bisbats erigits al segle XIX
Bisbat de Tepic
Bisbat de Tepic

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
package org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.external.impl.principal;

import java.security.Principal;
import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.UUID;
import javax.annotation.Nonnull;

import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableList;
import com.google.common.collect.ImmutableSet;
import com.google.common.collect.Iterators;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.api.security.principal.PrincipalManager;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.api.security.user.Authorizable;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.api.security.user.Group;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.authentication.external.basic.DefaultSyncConfig;
import org.apache.jackrabbit.oak.spi.security.principal.PrincipalImpl;
import org.junit.Test;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertFalse;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertNull;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertTrue;

/**
 * Extension of the {@link ExternalGroupPrincipalProviderTest} with 'automembership'
 * configured in the {@link DefaultSyncConfig}.
 */
public class PrincipalProviderAutoMembershipTest extends ExternalGroupPrincipalProviderTest {

    private static final String USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID = "testGroup-" + UUID.randomUUID();
    private static final String USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME = "p-" + USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID;

    private static final String GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID = "testGroup2-" + UUID.randomUUID();
    private static final String GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME = "p-" + GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID;

    private static final String NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID = "nonExistingGroup";
    private static final String NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID2 = "nonExistingGroup2";

    private Group userAutoMembershipGroup;
    private Group groupAutoMembershipGroup;

    @Override
    public void before() throws Exception {
        super.before();

        userAutoMembershipGroup = getUserManager(root).createGroup(USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID, new PrincipalImpl(USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME), null);
        groupAutoMembershipGroup = getUserManager(root).createGroup(GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID, new PrincipalImpl(GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME), null);
        root.commit();
    }

    @Override
    protected DefaultSyncConfig createSyncConfig() {
        DefaultSyncConfig syncConfig = super.createSyncConfig();
        syncConfig.user().setAutoMembership(USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID, NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID);
        syncConfig.group().setAutoMembership(GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID, NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID2);

        return syncConfig;
    }

    @Override
    Set<Principal> getExpectedGroupPrincipals(@Nonnull String userId) throws Exception {
        return ImmutableSet.<Principal>builder()
                .addAll(super.getExpectedGroupPrincipals(userId))
                .add(userAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal())
                .add(groupAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()).build();
    }

    @Override
    @Test
    public void testFindPrincipalsByTypeAll() throws Exception {
        Set<? extends Principal> res = ImmutableSet.copyOf(principalProvider.findPrincipals(PrincipalManager.SEARCH_TYPE_ALL));
        // not automembership principals expected here
        assertEquals(super.getExpectedGroupPrincipals(USER_ID), res);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetAutoMembershipPrincipal() throws Exception {
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(userAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal().getName()));
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(groupAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal().getName()));
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME));
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID));
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME));
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID));
        assertNull(principalProvider.getPrincipal(NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID));
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetGroupPrincipals() throws Exception {
        Set<Principal> expected = getExpectedGroupPrincipals(USER_ID);

        Authorizable user = getUserManager(root).getAuthorizable(USER_ID);

        Set<java.security.acl.Group> result = principalProvider.getGroupMembership(user.getPrincipal());
        assertTrue(result.contains(userAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
        assertTrue(result.contains(groupAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
        assertEquals(expected, result);
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetPrincipals() throws Exception {
        Set<Principal> expected = getExpectedGroupPrincipals(USER_ID);

        Set<? extends Principal> result = principalProvider.getPrincipals(USER_ID);
        assertTrue(result.contains(userAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
        assertTrue(result.contains(groupAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
        assertEquals(expected, result);
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindPrincipalsByHint() throws Exception {
        List<String> hints = ImmutableList.of(
                USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME,
                GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME,
                USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID,
                GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_ID,
                USER_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME.substring(1, 6),
                GROUP_AUTO_MEMBERSHIP_GROUP_PRINCIPAL_NAME.substring(1, 6));

        for (String hint : hints) {
            Iterator<? extends Principal> res = principalProvider.findPrincipals(hint, PrincipalManager.SEARCH_TYPE_GROUP);

            assertFalse(Iterators.contains(res, userAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
            assertFalse(Iterators.contains(res, groupAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
            assertFalse(Iterators.contains(res, new PrincipalImpl(NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID)));
        }
    }

    @Test
    public void testFindPrincipalsByTypeGroup() throws Exception {
        Iterator<? extends Principal> res = principalProvider.findPrincipals(PrincipalManager.SEARCH_TYPE_GROUP);

        assertFalse(Iterators.contains(res, userAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
        assertFalse(Iterators.contains(res, groupAutoMembershipGroup.getPrincipal()));
        assertFalse(Iterators.contains(res, new PrincipalImpl(NON_EXISTING_GROUP_ID)));
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


in the hair quality, and shedding.
to be the most invisible ones and the density is not too heavy.
less density.. and I never received them in such a way before.
amount of money and receive worse hair quality than before !
receiving empty units that don't last 1 month because I'm ordering the invisible high definition ones !!!
they decided that it should be emptier and I have to accept!
they don't help at all, instead they say we cannot change anything and that it is the way it is !!
And if you have experience with other bases that lasts longer than a month and still look natural on top ?
I am very sorry to hear that you are experiencing issues in regards to shedding and density. I have looked in to your account so that I could view your order specifications to try to determine if there are requests being made that could be causing the issues you've been experiencing.
I have responded to an email that you sent to your dedicated hair replacement consultant and further addressed the issues that you have experienced and the causes of the changes that you have seen with recent orders.
After reading the email please respond and let me know if there is anything further that I can address for you.
I am also having problems with hair quality. For 5+ years every system perfect. Over the past 6 months, I have received 2systems that we're unwearableble. It is not your imagination. Something has definitely changed.
I apologize that you are experiencing hair quality issues.
This is something that has been brought to our attention and we are looking into the issue. We are in constant contact with our production facility, to get the situation resolved.
We have been emailing in regards to this. Please respond to it so we can get it corrected for you.
If you have further questions, please don't hesitate to email me.


text:
HomePoliticsLand reform spawns free fall of rural infrastructure
Land reform spawns free fall of rural infrastructure
Augustine Mukaro
AS the tragicomedy of unforeseen consequences of the land reform programme continue to unfold in rural Zimbabwe, viewed as the bastion of Zanu PF'
s political support, infrastructure has begun coming apart at the seams.
A drive to Mutoko, one of Zimbabwe's expansive rural areas, reveals that virtually all infrastructure is falling apart, characterised by almost inaccessible roads because of eroded verges and potholes, and derelict clinics and schools resembling abandoned buildings due to neglect and lack of funds.
No form of transport is available along the 60-kilometre stretch, from the Harare-Nyamapanda highway to Musiiwa Township and even beyond.
Bus operators, including the Mashonaland East governor Ray Kaukonde who owns RPK buses, have long ago withdrawn their fleet to save the buses from wear and tear.
Ramshackle, old and battered pick-up trucks often ply such routes, otherwise people have to endure the long journey on foot after disembarking from buses along the highway.
As if the bad roads were not bad enough for the poverty-stricken people, clinics have absolutely no drugs for the sick except in some cases, painkillers.
Schools looked deserted, with almost all classroom blocks showing broken windows. Even administration blocks were not spared. A glimpse into classrooms showed broken furniture.
The state of dereliction resembled a war zone.
People blamed government and their MPs for failure to provide grants or even visit the constituency to see the plight of the electorate.
"Government has forgotten us," one villager identified as Chisese said. "There is no one to take our problems to higher offices. MPs only come down here when they want to be voted for again. We last saw our MP, Olivia Muchena, during the campaign period in 2005. She is not aware of what is happening in this community."
Samson Sete, another villager had no kind words for the government either, saying it had worsened their situation when it banned non-governmental organisations from distributing food and initiating food for work programmes which usually helped in the repairing of roads and moulding of bricks for other developmental projects.
"Most schools and clinics around this area were built by donors with villagers providing labour through food-for-work programmes but that has since stopped," Sete said.
"Government has failed to come up with alternative programmes to maintain these structures, resulting in the dilapidation you are seeing."
Rural District Councils (RDCs) attributed the dereliction to the land reform programme saying it starved them of a constant income as new farmers were not paying levies.
When Zanu PF encouraged people to invade farms in the year 2000, it was expediently silent about payment of levies, which most people resent paying.
Funds generated from levies were used for the repair and upgrading of district infrastructure such as roads, clinics and schools. Apparently, the drying up of financial largesse for the District Development Fund has accentuated the problems.
An Association of Rural District Councils (ARDC) official told the Independent that reluctance by farmers to pay levies has crippled local councils' operations and their capacity to provide basic services.
He said some RDCs have engaged debt collectors and are contemplating taking legal action to force new landowners to pay the levies.
"Most RDCs have already engaged debt collectors," the official said. "It is within the RDCs' powers to engage debt collectors or even lawyers to ensure that farmers pay the levies."
The official said summons have been dispatched to more than 2 000 A2 farmers, the majority of them political bigwigs and war veterans who have evaded levy payments over the past five years when they forcibly occupied commercial farmlands.
Sources said RDCs which have already forwarded names to debt collectors include Mazowe, Shamva and Mvurwi in Mashonaland Central province.
"Topping the list of non-paying people are A2 farmers," the sources said. "The majority have not paid anything from the time when they moved on to the properties." War veterans, Zanu PF members and their hangers-on form the bulk of the new commercial farmers.
Government however should ensure that the new farmers pay the levies when they sign leases. Currently, A2 farmers have resisted paying rentals to councils, which have no mechanisms of enforcement.
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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


text:
Great, inspiring sites:
Pantonism - a side-scrolling website of art, style, fashion, design, life photos by color.
The Fancy - an upstart Pinterest-esque site of high-end architecture, product design images co-signed by Kanye.
Inspired by Me - Snowboarder Mag's Online Editor, Rad Collector contributor and professional photographer Laura Austin's "visual diary."
Instagram - for iPhoners.
Red Bull Content Pool - "a repository of premium, rights-cleared still and moving images, available to media outlets worldwide."
Posted by Eric at 10:24 PM No comments:
Labels: Art, Life
"The Malice at the Palace"
A great #Longread -
Grantland - "The Malice at the Palace: an oral history of the scariest moment in NBA history"
by Jonathan Abrams
Labels: Athletics, Longread, NEWS
Game Boy Smartphone App
An excellent idea. Hopefully one day it comes true.
Labels: Technology, Video Games
Photos of Coen bros' 60's-era NY folk music film
New York Magazine captured recent Coen Brothers 1960's-themed film shooting of Inside Llewyn Davis, a "movie about New York's early-sixties folk-music revival, based loosely on The Mayor of Macdougal Street: A Memoir by songwriter (and early Bob Dylan mentor) Dave Van Ronk."
The movie that is still filming and yet to have a release date stars Oscar Isaac, Justin Timberlake, and Carey Mulligan.
Posted by Eric at 7:30 AM No comments:
Labels: Movies, NEWS
City of Samba
A mini-documentary of the Carnaval 2011 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil by directors Keith Loutit and Jarbas Agnelli.
Labels: Travel, Videos
The Future 2nd Avenue Subway
Gothamist - "New Photos Of The 2nd Avenue Subway Site Look Like Post-Apocalyptic Underground City"
M83 - "Outro"
#ICouldRunMarathonsToThisMusic
Quotes of the Night
"Big ideas are usually simple ideas."
"Tell the truth, but make the truth fascinating."
"I admire people with gentle manners who treat other people as human beings."
-David Ogilvy
Steve Stoute on Morning Joe
Wishing for more great music videos (6:00).
Posted by Eric at 7:11 PM No comments:
Labels: History, Videos
The Evolution of Jeremy Lin
New York Times - "The Evolution of a Point Guard"
"The work continued, quietly and without much notice, for five weeks, until Feb. 4, when 20 months of lessons coalesced into one eye-opening performance, and then a string of them."
Actor - Gary Oldman
Nominated for Best Actor in his role in Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy for tomorrow night's 84th annual Academy Awards (his first nomination) GQ published yesterday, a profile of Gary Oldman that has long been delayed since 2009.
GQ - "The Gary Oldman Story That Almost Wasn't"
"There have been films before in which [Oldman] vanishes in plain sight—people who even noticed that he was in JFK would often note how elegantly Oliver Stone had meshed archive footage of the real Lee Harvey Oswald with the scenes in which Oldman imitated him. (There was no archive footage.)"
Notable roles:
Drexl Spivey
Jean-Baptiste Emmanuel Zorg
Ivan Korshunov
Rep. Sheldon Runyon
George Smiley
Posted by Eric at 10:30 AM No comments:
Labels: Movies
"The biggest fear is me thinking about it too much—and that's why I'm just trying to catch the energy just like I've done before. What you all have heard before, I was not thinking, I was just going on cruise control. I was just going at it like any artist. When you look at the Wayne, when you look at the Kanye... I can tell when an artist is in the zone because they're not thinking and that's when you're at your best. So I'm just hoping, at this point, I don't let my history get in front of my future. You know what I mean?"
-Andre 3000 (when asked "Expectations for your next album couldn't be higher. What are you most afraid of?")
How to Make Origami Airplanes That Fly
by Gery Hsu
"The art world is a world of illusion."
Great #LongRead. The New York Times looks into an ongoing court case investigating the authenticity of Mark Rothko, Jackson Pollack, Robert Motherwell and William de Koonig paintings sold by smalltime Long Island art dealer Glafira Rosales.
New York Times - "Suitable for Suing"
"At first, Ms. Freedman said, Ms. Rosales told her only that she was handling the paintings for a friend who had homes in Mexico City and Zurich, and whose identity she had sworn to keep secret. That wasn't surprising, Ms. Freedman said; private collectors frequently like to remain anonymous."
Labels: Art, Longread, NEWS
U.S. Interstates as a Subway Map
If you click on info and then click on the map in the new browser you can view it enlarged.
FastCompany Design - "Ingenious Infographic: U.S. Highways, Mapped Like A Subway System"
Labels: Architecture, Art, Life
Bon Iver's Justin Vernon has declared Minneapolis-based rock/psychedelic r&b group Polica "the best band I've ever heard."
Rolling Stone - "Polica's Experimental Beginnings"
The iTunes profile of Polica's debut album, Give You the Ghost, which was released in late December 2011 refers to the band "drawing elements from Portishead, Bon Iver, Fleetwood Mac, and Eurythmics."
Nike Shoes Knit Like Socks
Nike debuted their new 2012 Olympic marathon running shoe yesterday, Nike HTM Flyknit, "made from woven yarn that makes them a "lightweight, ultra-breathable, formfitting shoe that performs like a second skin."
"The shoes were designed by longtime Nike creatives Hiroshi Fujiwara, [Creative Genius] Tinker Hatfield, and [CEO] Mark Parker. They will be available to the general public in July 2012, just before the London Olympics."
PSFK - "Nike Debuts Its Lightest And Most Sustainable Shoe On Record"
CoolHunting - "Nike HTM Flyknit"
FastCompany - "Nike Unveils Its Big New Paradigm: Shoes Knit Like Socks"
Labels: Athletics, Clothing, Style
Inception Infographic
Click here to see the enlarged graphic that breaks down the dream levels, kicks and inception of the movie Inception.
Usher - "Climax" (prod. by Diplo)
Quote of the Night
"It seems that every movie is a remake of something that was better when it was first released in a foreign language, as a 1960s TV show, or even as a comic book. Now you've got theme park rides as the source material of movies. The only things left are breakfast cereal mascots. In our lifetime, we will see Johnny Depp playing Captain Crunch."
-Alan Moore (graphic novel author: Watchmen, V for Vendetta, From Hell)
Labels: Creative Genuises, Quote
2012 Olympics USA Basketball Team Uniforms
Nike unveiled today the USA Basketball logo and uniforms for this Summer's 2012 Olympic games.
Notable is the four players chosen for the photo: Kobe, LeBron, Deron Williams and Kevin Durant. Back on February 1, Bill Simmons broke down the best 20 plot lines of this shortened season, the 20th being...
20. What's been the most entertaining under-the-radar subplot of the 2011-12 season?
Even if it's another topic that needs to be blown out into its own column, let's quickly address the shadow of the 2012 Olympics and the three sub-questions it has spawned:
• Which 12 players are getting picked?
• Which five players are starting?
• Why are we pretending this doesn't matter to every NBA star when it clearly does?
Posted by Eric at 10:56 PM 1 comment:
Labels: Athletics, Clothing
Edvard Munch - "The Scream"
Sotheby's announced today that on May 2nd they will be auctioning off the only one of four Munch "Scream" paintings still privately owned. (the other three are displayed in Norwegian museums).
New York Times - "'The Scream' Heads for the Auction Block"
"Officials there estimate it could bring more than $80 million."
"For the kinds of bidders who are behind the auction market's current high prices — extremely rich collectors who gravitate toward blue-chip artists and recognizable images — "The Scream" will likely seem an irresistible trophy."
Labels: Art
Japanese Starbucks by Kengo Kuma
Japanese architect Kengo Kuma has created what Hypebeast is calling "probably the world's most idiosyncratic Starbucks Coffee Shop" that just opened in Fukuoka, Japan.
"Utilizing 6cm square blocks that intersect obliquely, it was his aim to try to mimic branches in a forest so that the Starbucks seemed like it was nestling in the trees."
Labels: Architecture
Austrian energy drink company Red Bull's content creation offshoot, Red Bull Media House, was included in Fast Company's March list of "the World's 50 Most Innovative Companies in 2012."
Fast Company - "29: Red Bull Media House"
Red Bull has been investing throughout its 25-year history in adventure/extreme sports that the brand has felt exemplify the product. The company, much like several other leading consumer brands, has focused the last few years on instead of making :30 or :60 commercials to rather create lightly-branded, high-quality content that consumers would seek out for entertainment.
One great example is "The Art of Flight" (trailer above) movie that debuted online back in September that follows professional snowboarder Travis Rice and friends helicoptoring and riding around the world. The movie is sold for $7.99-$9.99 on iTunes and is one of many reasons Red Bull is predicting that the company's Media House will soon be making a profit.
Also, worth a read is Fast Company's interview with Red Bull Founder and CEO Dietrich Mateschitz.
Labels: advertising
Seen at Madison Square Garden
The following people have been seen watching #Linsanity at the last two home New York Knicks games:
Facebook founder and $17.5 billion-dollar-rich Mark Zuckerberg giving Jeremy Lin-Harvard-jersey-wearing movie director Spike Lee a high five.
Jay-Z and Spike Lee hanging out on court at half time.
The two random guys that were seen sitting on the Dallas Maverick bench at a Detroit Piston home game a month ago.
And, the bulging-eyed-college-kid-with-an-enlarged-cutout-of-his-face who was photographed at the Univ. of Alabama game a week ago.
Labels: Athletics, Social
Best Art Direction - Harry Potter
As part of an ongoing leading-up-to-the-Oscars series, Vanity Fair has profiled three-time Oscar winner Stuart Craig who served as the production designer for Harry Potter and the Deathy Hallows Part 2 (a.k.a. Harry Potter 7 Part 2) and is nominated for Best Art Direction.
Read the story to learn about "how he turned a roll of paper, some dollhouse furniture, and a set of paints into Gringotts, Diagon Alley, and the Room of Requirement."
Vanity Fair - "From Sketch to Still: From Marbling Gringotts to Painting Diagon Alley, How Harry Potter's Art Direction Earned Its Oscar Nod"
Labels: Art, Movies
60 Minutes - Endangered Exotic Animals Hunted in Texas
Can hunting African animals like the one that is said to have inspired the Unicorn myth, the Scimitar Horned Oryx, in Texas save/conserve the species?
CBS - "Can hunting endangered animals save the species?"
Labels: Life, NEWS, Videos
The NBA announced today the 4 contestants for this year's Sprite Slam Dunk Contest.
Paul George, Inidiana Pacers
Derrick Williams, Minnesota Timberwolves
Iman Shumpert, New York Knicks
Chase Budinger, Houston Rockets
There will only be one round this year with the winner being chosen by fan vote through Twitter.
NBA.com - "Sprite Slam Dunk Contest"
"The cure for boredom is curiosity. There is no cure for curiosity."
-Dorothy Parker
Kraft's MilkBite Mel
Droga5, the creative agency responsible for the Puma Hardchorus (Irish guys singing Savage Garden), the Mark Ecko spray painting of Air Force One stunt and the Cannes Lion winning Bing/Decoded campaign, has worked with Kraft to introduce Milkbites and it's new brand spokesperson/character featured in both videos.
Droga5 worked with Jim Henson's Creatue Shop to create the puppet, Mel.
AdAge - "How Kraft Created a Product From Scratch"
AdWeek - "Ad of the Day: Kraft MilkBite Bars"
Labels: advertising, Humor, Videos
Amar'e Gets Teardrop for Lost Brother
Amare Stoudemire returned to the New York Knicks last night having missed the last four games after losing his older brother Hazell Stoudemire Jr.
His return and loss of his older brother is now marked with the teardrop below his right eye.
@Amareisreal That game was for u Bra (Hazell Stoudemire Jr) , for ever crying inside. Love you !! http://pic.twitter.com/XHFb14x9
In other New York Knick news, everyone is covering surprise star, Taiwanese-American and Harvard Grad Point Guard Jeremy Lin.
New York Times - "In China, an Instant Star and an Emerging Symbol"
Grantland - "Person of Interest: Jeremy Lin"
GQ - "My Melo, My Man: Jeremy Lin and Carmelo Anthony Will Work Together"
The Economist - "Basketball's surprising new star: We have a Linner"
Freakonomics - "Why Was Jeremy Lin Overlooked, and Should He Get Married?"
NYMag - "The Jeremy Lin Hype Is Not Subsiding"
Labels: Athletics, Style
R.I.P. Whitney Houston
"[Whitney Houston's] biggest hit gave the stage to "I," a first person that is so easily recognized that if you even mumble "and I" with some kind of melody, whoever's standing there will assume it's "I Will Always Love You." Originally written and recorded by Dolly Parton, "I Will Always Love You" was momentarily ceded to Linda Ronstadt, but Houston owns it now. The song broke through a dozen different ceilings because of the first person chorus, but just start with the first forty-five seconds, which is Houston singing without any accompaniment. She states the first verse, moving carefully through her own filters, not even hinting at how bright the lights can get. The second verse casually drops in some heavier flashes and then the second chorus comes out as if Houston is no longer any kind of regretful—she is using her magnanimous nature to flatten whoever's chosen someone over her."
New Yorker - "Whitney Houston's Invincible Voice"
by Sasha Frere-Jones
Labels: Life, Music
Mirror Art Installation
Argentinian artist Leandro Erlich has created "a giant mirror reflects a full scale house model, which gallery visitor can climb on" that is currently on display in Paris.
PRESENT / & / CORRECT - "Fun House"
Labels: Art, Creative Genuises
Social Media Model - Kate Upton
Last night on David Letterman, 19-year-old Kate Upton debuted her cover of the Sports Illustrated swimsuit issue. Having found fame through a YouTube video of her "doing the dougie" at a Los Angeles Clippers game and with more than 170,000 Twitter followers the New York Times has written a feature breaking down how Upton has ascended to potential supermodel status.
New York Times - "Model Struts Path to Stardom Not on Runway, but on YouTube"
"For a long time, fashion has been going to celebrities," she said. "Celebrities are on the magazine covers, and nobody wanted models. But why not have a model celebrity? Why not a girl who comes with her own following? Social media brings a personality to models. That's how consumers today decide what to buy."
Labels: Clothing, NEWS, Style
Chipotle Ad
Chipotle Mexican Grill aired its first national televised ad during the Grammys Sunday night, "Back to the Start," featuring Willie Nelson performing an acoustic version of Coldplay's "The Scientist."
At 2:20, it's considerably longer than the average :15, :30 or :60 commercial.
Labels: advertising, Videos
Jack Nicholson - Lakers Courtside Ticketholder
I don't know what sparked the occasion, but over the weekend the Los Angeles Times posted a slideshow of some of the more memorable moments of longtime (at least 30 years+) Los Angeles Laker courtside ticket holder actor Jack Nicholson.
LATimes - "Jack Nicholson courtside through the years photo gallery"
Semirelated,
The New York Times posted a feature a couple weeks ago on a recent documentary that analyzes the meaning of Stanley Kubrick's The Shining (that starred Nicholson).
New York Times - "Cracking the Code in 'Heeere's Johnny!' "
"Room 237," the first full-length documentary by the director Rodney Ascher, examines several of the most intriguing of these theories. It's really about the Holocaust, one interviewee says, and Mr. Kubrick's inability to address the horrors of the Final Solution on film. No, it's about a different genocide, that of American Indians, another says, pointing to all the tribal-theme items adorning the Overlook Hotel's walls. A third claims it's really Kubrick's veiled confession that he helped NASA fake the Apollo Moon landings."
Labels: Athletics, Movies, NEWS
Paint Color Identifier
Sherwin Williams paint company has created a website, LetsChipIt.com, that will identify five of the company's more than 1,500 paint colors that most exactly match any image that you insert a URL link for.
(example above - Henri Rousseau's The Sleeping Gypsy)
Daft Punk - "Da Funk"
French duo Daft Punk's 1996 music video for "Da Funk" directed by Spike Jonze (Being John Malkovich, Adaptation, Where the Wild Things Are).
Labels: Music, Videos
Game of Thrones Season 2 - Trailer
Season 2 premieres on HBO Sunday, April 1.
Labels: Television, Videos
John Jeremiah Sullivan - "My Debt to Ireland"
John Jeremiah Sullivan, author of essay compilation Pulphead, has written another piece for the New York Times set for this Sunday's Magazine. This story, in his roots and travels to Ireland.
New York Times - "My Debt to Ireland"
"Ben and I worked pretty much every night — it was the price we paid for being allowed to have jobs at all on the cheesy, nonenforceable visas we bought from a company in the States. We met up late and walked home, stopping at pubs along the way, putting a little punctuation mark on the night, before it was time to head into the hills. Cork city is surrounded by them. From up high you can see that it's nestled at the bottom of a green bowl. Our apartment was on one of the highest hills, a mile's walk up a steepening incline. The muscles in my legs were obscene by the time we moved. I looked like one of those guys in a documentary who climbs cliff faces to go after birds' eggs."
Labels: Books, Quote
Kavinsky - "Road Game"
French artist Kavinsky has just released "Road Games" as a first single/teaser for his next album which we're lead to believe is coming out sometime early this year.
If you don't recognize his name you might recognize his song Nightcall from the opening scene of Drive.
Lamborghini Aventador Print Ads
"The Truth Hurts" campaign was done by the Philipp und Keuntje GmbH advertising agency in Hamburg, Germany.
Previously: Lamborghini Aventador
The Bourne Legacy - Trailer
This is the fourth Bourne film and the first to be adapted from a book not written by the creator, Robert Ludlom (book written in '04, Ludlum passed away in '01).
The film stars Jeremy Renner (of The Hurt Locker, M:I4 fame), as a new character much like Jason Bourne, Rachel Weisz and Edward Norton. The Bourne Legacy is scheduled to be released August 3, 2012.
Labels: Movies, Videos
(photo taken on Houston St in New York, NY two nights ago)
Gizmodo - "Inside Instagram: How Slowing Its Roll Put the Little Startup in the Fast Lane"
Instagram: "Take a picture. Make it better. Share it instantly. That's all it does, but it does it very well. The app applies photo-filters that add a veneer of fake nostalgia to the present day, with Land Camera and Kodachrome hues. Then, if you want, you can post it on your social network of choice.
You can think of it like a visual Twitter, or a quicker Flickr."
"It has racked up more than 15 million users, who have uploaded some 500 million photos. The service has pulled in $7.5 million in investments, including money from Twitter founder Jack Dorsey. It's already available in ten different languages, and, having already scored a hit stateside, is piling on users in China, Brazil, and throughout Europe. All this without having a Web interface. All this while only being available on the iPhone."
"[Instagram] wants to be Facebook big. It wants to become the indispensable visual strorytelling medium. It wants to be an entertainment platform, where people can come and consume. And getting there means getting on every platform, in every country."
Labels: NEWS, Technology
60 Minutes - Endangered Exotic Animals Hunted in T...
Jay-Z + Kanye West "Ni*#as in Paris"
Michael Jordan "I'm Back"
NBA All-Star Game Line-ups
Murakami Ego (Self-Portrait)
Will Ferrell NBA Pregame Introductions
Will Ferrell for Old Milwaukee Again
Zanesville Animal Massacare
Wakeboarding in Alaska
NBA Class of '07, '08, '09
Chrysler - "It's Halftime in America"
M.I.A. - "Bad Girls"
Timberwolves defeat Nets 108-105
Facebook Riches
Nike Zoom Kobe VII System BHM
Nike Zoom KD IV Nerf
Ghent Light Festival in Belgium
2012 London Olympic Venues


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A Very Welcome Visitation
Date Published Published on September 1, 2013 September 2, 2013
The primer in Englishe and Latine, set out along, after the vse of Sarum …At London : Imprinted at London by Jhon Kyngston and Henry Sutton, 1557.
Canterbury Cathedral Library, H/L-4-10
This woodcut image of the Virgin Mary visiting her cousin St Elizabeth is known as the Visitation, which scene was used to mark the office of Lauds (the second office of the day) in books of hours and primers ( see here for the Annunciation used for the opening office of Prime).
This woodcut is found in a primer, the successor prayer book to books of hours, printed in London in 1557 during the reign of Mary I. The image shows the moment when St Elizabeth, pregnant with John the Baptist, meets Mary after the latter had 'got ready and hurried to a town in the hill country of Judea' (Luke 1:39). Mary is the younger figure to the left of the image with Elizabeth's greater age and non-virginal state indicated by her headdress, which is a deliberate contrast to Mary's loose hair. Although the Bible reference states that Mary was in the house of Zechariah when she greeted her cousin, the traditional iconography shows the two women outside, generally alone and often shown by the city gate. The location by a gate outside city walls is a very significant one as it would have acted as a pictorial reminder of the immaculate conception of Mary herself by her parents, Anne and Joachim. The feast of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary (8 December) was widely celebrated from early medieval times and the image used to portray the occasion was generally of Anne and Joachim as lone figures engaged in a gentle embrace outside the Golden Gate of Jerusalem: 'and Anna stood by the gate, and saw Joachim coming, and she ran and hung upon his neck, saying: Now I know that the Lord God has blessed me exceedingly…and I the childless shall conceive'(Apocryphal Book of James, VI: 4). Thus, through shared imagery, depictions of the Visitation showing Mary, pregnant with an immaculately conceived child, are strongly linked to the occasion of her own immaculate conception by St Anne.
The two kinswomen in the 1557 woodcut are shown on the point of embrace, with their hands reaching towards each other. Other depictions show the two fondly holding each other closely and, in so-doing, bringing together the two unborn infants of Jesus and John the Baptist, who famously leaped for joy in his mother's womb when Elizabeth heard Mary's salutation (Luke 1:41). Paintings of the two infants together became a popular theme in the Renaissance, with a famous representation by Leonardo Da Vinci being held in the National Gallery London.
Fundamentally, this woodcut is a copy of an established medieval image with very few attempts at the sophistications of shading, expression and superior compositions that could be found in other printed primers at this time. Yet, it is effective in its economy. Looking a little deeper into simplistic pictures can be revealing. We have already seen that loose hair versus headdress allows the viewer to differentiate between the two women, but also, that Elizabeth has her back to the city wall shows that she has come from inside and therefore that Mary has been travelling towards it. Furthermore, an idea of timing is shown; as the women have yet to fully embrace the indication is that Mary has only just arrived, which emphasises the important moment of the very first contact between Jesus and John the Baptist. Although both women are important Christian saints to be emulated, the purity and simplicity of Mary's character is strengthened by the contrast in dress between the kinswomen, with Mary's plain garb being accentuated by the patterning and fitted nature of Elizabeth's. Finally, trees in plain compositions are often used to express the idea of exterior, but here it is also probably a reference to Christ as the 'Tree of Life', and, of course, possibly an indication of His death 'upon a tree'.
This particular primer was produced in an interesting point in English religious history. The Protestant Reformation that had begun in Henry VIII's reign had been greatly accelerated in the reign of his son, Edward VI. Edward's brief reign (January 1547-July 1553) meant that the consolidation of Protestantism was halted when he was succeeded by his Catholic half-sister, Mary, daughter from Henry's first marriage to Katherine of Aragon. During Edward's reign, the introduction of the Book of Common Prayer had seen the overthrow of Catholic primers in England and, with it, the cessation of the use of the traditional Virgin based woodcut images, such as the Annunciation and Visitation. The return to Catholicism under Mary I meant a reinstatement of the Catholic liturgy and the return of some of the images that had always accompanied it. However, the nature of primers did not simply return to the Catholicism pre-Reformation. As can be seen, the page holds both English and Latin text rather than just traditional Latin. In fact, the English text receives greater attention through its larger size and space allowance per page. There were also changes to the textual content in the primers produced officially under Mary's regime (as opposed to importations from France) with the omission of the pre-Reformation inclusions of indulgences and miraculous legends. Mary's reign was even shorter than her brother's (July 1553-November 1558), which means that the return to Catholicism was a brief, if dramatic, interruption to the consolidation of Protestantism. Elizabeth I's accession in 1558 meant a return to the Book of Common Prayer. Therefore, this image of the Visitation printed in this 1557 primer is among the very last to ever be printed in conjunction with the liturgy in England, as Mary died just one year later and only two other primers were produced (by John Wayland) in the intervening time.
Jayne Wackett: Centre for Medieval and Early Modern Studies, University of Kent and Editor of 'Picture this…'
E. Hoskins, Horae Beatae Mariae Virginis, or, Sarum and York Primers with Kindred Books and Primers of the Reformed Roman Use (London: 1901)
« 'Adoramus te': the Crucifixion from the Plumptre Missal
'A Hell of a Ride' »


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Kentucky sophomore Doron Lamb is the Cats' second-leading scorer, averaging 14.4 points per game. Over the summer, John Calipari went so far as calling the 6-4 sophomore from New York the team's best player. Lamb scored 26 in the win over Penn State, but just 27 points in the next three games. He had 16 against St. John's. The Heels' Dexter Strickland isn't really a shooter. Through the first seven games, the 6-3 junior had not attempted a three-point shot. However, he is an excellent glue guy who plays excellent defense.
Advantage: Kentucky
Michael Kidd-Gilchrist is Mr. Do Everything. The 6-7 freshman is averaging 11.4 points and 6.6 rebounds, but his main job is causing havoc on defense and doing the dirty work on offense. Kidd-Gilchrist is coming off a subpar effort against St. John's, missing six of seven shots. Harrison Barnes is more of a glamour guy, a pre-season All-American. The 6-8 sophomore is averaging 17.7 points, though he rolled an ankle and made just six of 16 shots in UNC's loss to UNLV. Barnes bounced back to score 20 points, hitting some huge shots in UNC's win over Wisconsin.
Advantage: North Carolina
Terrence Jones is coming off his best game of the season, scoring 26 points on Thursday night. He is stronger and more focused than last year. The 6-9 sophomore is averaging 15.1 points and 7.6 rebounds. Long, lean stringbean John Henson is averaging a double-double with 14.7 points and 10.9 rebounds. He's also averaging more than three blocked shots. If it's a late-game situation, you might want to put Henson on the foul line, where he shoots 46.4 percent.
Considered the No. 1 pick in next year's draft, Anthony Davis just missed a triple-double on Thursday, scoring 15 points, grabbing 15 rebounds and blocking eight shots. The 6-11 freshman is mainly a lob-and-dunk guy on offense, and he needs to get better at the foul line (52.8 percent), but his upside is enormous. UNC's Tyler Zeller has a height and experience advantage. The 7-foot senior is off to a slow start, however, making 48.5 percent of his shots and averaging 13.3 points. Foul trouble limited him to 24 minutes in the loss to UNLV.
Not many teams have someone coming off the bench who was the Most Valuable Player in his conference tournament. Darius Miller is averaging 24 minutes and 8.6 points. The 6-7 senior also has two summers of U.S. team experience. But the Cats aren't especially deep after that. The 6-9 freshman Kyle Wiltjer is a good shooter who is learning to rebound and play defense. The 6-11 senior Eloy Vargas can rebound, but needs to be tougher. The Heels could be missing a key reserve in freshman P.J. Hairston, who is averaging 12.1 minutes. Fellow freshman James Michael McAdoo (6-9) is averaging 14 minutes off the bench. But Reggie Bullock, a 6-7 sophomore, is probably UNC's most valuable reserve at this point, averaging 15.7 minutes, 7.4 points. Coach Roy Williams usually goes only about eight deep as Justin Watts appears to have been welded to the bench. And valuable reserve Leslie McDonald is out for the year with a knee injury.
Kentucky may be the more talented team with Davis, Jones and possibly Kidd-Gilchrist considered lottery picks. (Teague and Lamb aren't too far behind.) North Carolina has the experience edge with Zeller, Henson and Barnes being veterans of big games. UK will have the home crowd in Rupp Arena, which figures to be in ear-splitting form for such a marquee matchup, and the Cats are coming in with momentum after a confidence-building romp over St. John's. North Carolina has already lost a game, but that could work in the Heels' favor here.
Related stories from Lexington Herald Leader
uk-basketball-men
John Clay: UK-UNC clash a rarity in today's college game
Kentucky, North Carolina point men growing up fast
Ready or not, young Kentucky team faces big-game test
UNC-UK notes: Expanding leagues make scheduling a challenge
How blue bloods UK-UNC measure up
Left: Terrence Jones' stellar freshman season with the Kentucky Wildcats left many wondering whether he'd join the ranks of the one-and-done. Right: Matt Roark became the first Kentucky quarterback to beat Tennessee since 1984, despite his plethora of dropped passes earlier in the season.
Ranking the top 10 UK players in the NBA during the John Calipari era at Kentucky
Ranking the 10 best University of Kentucky basketball players during the John Calipari era
Ex-Cats
Ten Years of Coach Cal: Ranking the 10 best UK players in the NBA
By Ben Roberts
John Calipari has sent dozens of players to the NBA since taking over as the head basketball coach at Kentucky 10 years ago. Anthony Davis, John Wall and DeMarcus Cousins are just some of the big names.
MORE UK MEN'S BASKETBALL
Back from Estonia, Kentucky fan favorite among ex-Cats making a run at $2 million
UK Men's Basketball
Ten Years of Coach Cal: Ranking all 10 Kentucky teams
Mark Story
Ten Years of Coach Cal: Ranking the 10 most agonizing defeats
Ten Years of Coach Cal: Ranking the 10 most thrilling wins
Ten Years of Coach Cal: 'Kentucky isn't for everyone.'
Kentucky Speedway
It's a house divided for one of NASCAR's biggest UK basketball fans


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Home > News > Assault
Texas teen beats up deaf student at party, police say. Suspect accused of assault.
Source: Parker County Sheriff's Office, Pexels
A 17-year-old beat up a deaf teenager during a party in Texas and now police say the suspect has been charged with assault.
On Sept. 28, the Parker County Sheriff's Office said it received a report of an assault that happened between 3 to 4 a.m. on Sept. 25 during a party at a home in Millsap, Texas.
Several witnesses were interviewed during the investigation and they stated the 17-year-old victim was in a sleeping bag in one of the rooms of the house, along with other people, officials said.
That is when several teens started "messing" with the victim by shining a light in his face, laying on top of him and trying to wake him up, authorities said.
One of those teens was 17-year-old Austin Patrick Gonzalez, who smacked the victim on the face several times, police said.
He Got Dunked On An Injured During A Basketball Game. So He Decided To Fracture The Other Player's Jaw, Police Say
Teen driver runs down six cyclists on Texas road, now faces felony charges: cops
Woman flees to coffee shop to beg for help after being raped, dragged and drowned
The victim asked Gonzalez to stop hitting him, but when Gonzalez did not stop, the victim took a swing at Gonzalez, officials said.
The victim then got up and charged at Gonzalez, who "body-slammed" the victim and hit him in the face two or three more times, police said.
Some of the party-goers helped the victim, as they gave him bandages and ice for his face after the fight took place, authorities said.
The victim's father talked with The Dallas Morning News and stated his son is deaf and he removes his cochlear implant's processor when he sleeps.
On Sept. 30, the victim sought treatment at a local hospital and was released, according to officials.
Gonzalez was arrested and booked into the Parker County Jail, as he was charged with assault causing bodily injury, police said.
Authorities say the investigation into the incident is ongoing.


text:
Martha Deichler
Mongolian Consul Visits Borrego
Last updated 2/26/2019 at 9:53am
"Sain baina uu, Khatagtai, Noyod oo Mongoliig surtalchilsan enekhuu uzesgelen." The rich Mongolian words rolled out of the Consul General's mouth as smoothly as Chef Tom and Pam's rich brown "mutton and marmot" gravy rolled into our mouths.
The event was "Beneath The Eternal Blue Sky," a photographic journey at the Borrego Art Institute on Jan. 26, celebrating an unforgettable trip to Mongolia last July by three Borregans, a professional photographer and a small group from San Diego.
The evening drew over 125 people interested in all things Mongolia including colorful and magnificent photographs of life in Mongolia by professional photographer Nick Agelidis, a narrated trip through Mongolia via his photographs and a meeting with Mongolian Consul General Galbadral Enkhtur and Vice Consul Sukhbaatar Chuluunbaatar, dignitaries housed in San Francisco at the Mongolian Embassy. Invited by Martin Kruming, the visionary catalyst of the Mongolia trip, they made a special trip down to Borrego Springs in order to attend this event and were truly impressed with the uncanny Borrego Springs – Mongolia connections, the fabulous photographs and their warm reception at the BAI.
Also in attendance were the two former Borrego Springs High School students who traveled with us to Mongolia as tourists, but also on a Rotary Interact service mission to deliver supplies to a school in Ulaanbaatar. Karen Garcia is now at University of California San Diego and Elizabeth Torres is at Point Loma Nazarene University. They were honored with a signed copy of Nick Agelidis' book, Mongolia: Beneath The Eternal Blue Sky, donated by our local Rotary Club.
Quiet chuckles came over the Consul and Vice Consul as they gazed at the creative and adorable Mongolian yurt (or ger) village built by the Borrego Springs Elementary students under the guidance of talented BAI Art Teacher, Leslie Duncan. Students had also created colorfully decorated arrows, a la Genghis Khan, for sale at $5 each to raise funds for the Art Program. Elementary student Justin Acuna gave a historically and culturally accurate account of the arrows and how and why they were used by Genghis Khan and his warriors. Very impressive.
Mark Jorgensen, retired Superintendent of the Anza-Borrego Desert State Park, made a special appearance and spoke affectionately of the long time partnership our park has had with Ikh Nart Reserve in Mongolia. He is thrilled that our group was able to travel to Ikh Nart and stay in their yurts at Red Rock Campground. Interest in Ikh Nark has generated donations to the Mongolian Park for motorcycles and supplies. ABDSP Archaeologist Robin Connors was in attendance, announcing she is leading an archaeology trip to Ikh Nart and if interested, contact her.
Hospitality, friendships and creativity were flowing in abundance, accompanied by scrumptious Mongolian fare culturally researched and artfully prepared by the incomparable Chef Tom and Pam. Traditional Mongolian dishes were served with respectful substitutes: "airag," fermented mare's milk, was actually rice pudding. "Khorkhog," mutton roasted with marmot, was actually raised short ribs with yam. "Byaslag," dried cheese with tomato and cucumbers, was just that. It was all fabulously devoured and taught us an appreciation and understanding of the diverse food groups in Mongolia.
"Beneath the Eternal Blue Sky" left us all with a deeper cultural understanding of a colorful and amazing country whose proud people love sharing their language, culture and people with us.
As one visitor from out of state remarked, "Who could have ever imagined that this little rural town of Borrego Springs could have such culture, art, wordly connections and sophisticated people?" Yes, we are that little town.
Wait, wait there's more! On Feb. 11 at 2 p.m. in our beautiful new library, there will be a ceremony celebrating a city/town-partnership between Borrego Springs and the Mongolian city of Khovd in western Mongolia. The Consul General, who was here on Jan. 26, is from Khovd and is very excited about this partnership. He will be here along with eight other Mongolians for the Partnership Agreement event. Please join us.
Until then, "bayartai" – goodbye and "mal su reg tar gan." You'll have to attend the event on Feb. 11 to learn what this means!
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Here's the tea: Tory Burch is teaming up with TWG Tea to make your high tea plans with the girls a great one. It's the second time the duo is collaborating, and this time it's to celebrate the Tory Burch Spring/Summer 2019 collection.
The memories are translated into bohemian silhouettes, balancing volume and tailoring, needlepoint and camera bags, hats and woven shoes. With dreamy dresses and prints that match perfectly against summer skies and sunsets, the Spring/Summer 2019 collection is a suitcase worth of vacation looks.
But before we take off for summer, right here at home in Kuala Lumpur is where you'll find the Grand High Tea Set. The brand recently there a tea party where guests including Siti Saleha and Hannah Tan sampled the set over refreshing blends of TWG tea. Referencing destinations travelled to by the designer's, bites include classic Italian herb shrimp stuffed aranchini risotto ball with crème fraiche and basil pesto, the mini lobster spanakopita in filo parcel on Greek salad and hummus crème. On the sweet side there's the Spain blueberry cupcake with lime cheese frosting, and the Italian dessert purple sweet potato custard in sable tart with meringue. All nibbles are specially infused with TWG Tea's delicious blends top.
This curated menu is available at TWG Tea Salons & Boutiques in two malls where Tory Burch has boutiques — so pop by and start packing! Diners are eligible for a MYR300 cash voucher redeemable with the purchase of MYR2,000 at Tory Burch Pavilion Kuala Lumpur, The Gardens Mall and Suria KLCC .
The Grand High Tea Set is available from 25 February to 31 March 2019 exclusively at TWG Tea Salons & Boutiques in Pavilion Kuala Lumpur and The Gardens Mall.


Representatives of different faiths will come together in Newcastle city centre to make a physical chain of peace, inspired by the 50th anniversary of Dr Martin Luther King Jr's visit to the city.
In keeping with Dr King's view that love is 'the unifying principle of life', leaders from the Christian, Muslim, Jewish and Hindu communities will gather near the top of Grey Street, close to Lloyds Bank, on Thursday 16 November and link arms as a symbol of unity.
Up to 150 people are expected to join the faith leaders and representatives at the event in making the chain and singing songs of peace.
Following this, a Christian service will take place at St Nicholas' Cathedral, Newcastle, to which people of any faith and none are welcome to attend.
The event has been inspired by a speech that Dr King gave when he came to Newcastle University on 13 November 1967 to receive an honorary degree.
Newcastle was the only UK university to honour Dr King in this way during his lifetime. Remarkably, he took time to visit Newcastle to accept the award and in doing so, made an impromptu speech – his last public address outside of the US before his assassination barely six months later.
During his speech, Dr King imagines a "beautiful symphony of brotherhood" when he challenges us to join him in addressing the three evils of racism, poverty and war that blight the world.
The event has been organised by the Newcastle Chain of Peace, a multi-faith network aiming to foster closer ties between faith groups and the wider community.
Reverend Catherine Lack, Chain of Peace Co-ordinator and Newcastle University chaplain, said: "The struggle against racism, poverty, and war is common to all faiths. Revd King wrote that love lies at the heart of all major religions and believed that different religions working together had the power to play a major role in establishing peace.
People of all faiths and none are welcome to attend both the Chain of Peace event on Grey Street, which will start at 4.45pm with peace songs, followed by addresses by the different faith leaders from 5.15pm. The service at St Nicolas' Cathedral starts at 6pm.
Coinciding with the Chain of Peace event is a special exhibition of artwork inspired by Dr King that has been created by students at local schools. The exhibition, in the south transept of the cathedral, will run throughout November.
The event is taking place in the same week as the unveiling of a new statue of Dr King on the Newcastle University campus and a special ceremony to award honorary degrees to notable civic rights advocates in recognition of their work to promote equality and social justice.
The events are the culmination of a year-long programme of commemorative events marking the 50th anniversary of Dr King's visit.


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Marlins Opinion
J.T. Realmuto's success alters Miami Marlins strategy
J.T. Realmuto has had a sensational season for the Marlins, and with his emergence, the Fish have altered their draft strategy.
By Mark Laming Jun 16, 2015, 3:00pm EDT
Share All sharing options for: J.T. Realmuto's success alters Miami Marlins strategy
Robert Mayer-USA TODAY Sports
As hard as it is to believe, J.T. Realmuto is only 24 years of age. The Del City Oklahoma native has been on a tear this season since making the trip from New Orleans. Realmuto is often admired for his leadership skills, something seldom said about 24 year-old players in the bigs. It's easy to say he is one of the games brightest young stars with plenty of future ahead of him and the Marlins have only shown more faith in him since his promotion.
Realmuto's story is a curious one. The Marlins were one of the the organizations who saw Realmuto, who was at the time a shortstop, as a future catcher. One of the very few games that Realmuto was behind the plate was attended by a Marlins scout. Some other clubs were ready to take Realmuto as a shortstop prospect until the Marlins selected him with their 3rd round pick. The rest is history throughout his ascension through the Marlins' minor league system and his eventual gig as the Marlins starting catcher.
The last 11 games have been a dream for J.T. Realmuto as he has gone on an extreme hot streak hitting .341 over that stretch, raising his overall batting average to .238, up from the .203 he was batting prior to the streak. Realmuto has also emerged as a force on defense, making great plays behind the plate and has all the makings of a solid overall catcher, offensively and defensively.
No greater confirmation of Realmuto's place on the roster than when the Fish parted ways with catcher Jarrod Saltalamacchia, a tenured veteran who had just signed a four-year deal. This move indicated tremendous faith in Realmuto and his abilities to be the Marlins' everyday starting catcher.
Realmuto's emergence also drastically altered the Marlins draft strategy, as the club chose to wait until the sixth round to grab a catcher. In the sixth round, the Marlins opted to go with catcher Justin Cohen from Riverview High School. Instead of reaching up for a dynamic catcher, the Marlins opted to get a solid mid-round prospect as opposed to go up to get a high priced, highly touted catcher. This demonstrates the faith that the Marlins have in Realmuto to be the catcher of the future instead of reaching for a high grade catcher.
At the young age of 24, Realmuto has room for improvement and development in his first full season in the majors. With plenty of time left in a career that has just gotten underway, it's evident to say, Realmuto will have continued success in the future. The Marlins have found their man behind the plate and he intends to stay there.


Brandt Snedeker entered the final round of the Tour Championship with a share of the 54-hole lead with Justin Rose. In Snedeker's previous three PGA Tour victories, he overcame deficits of five strokes or more on Sunday to win. There's always less pressure if you're teeing off an hour before the leaders and posting a low score early than playing in the final group, where it's yours to lose.
It's nearly 8pm here on a Saturday night, so I'm not quite sure what I'm still doing in the media center. Oh, Ryder Cup preview stuff! You guys are all probably watching college football, anyway. To be honest, I haven't paid much attention to the tournament (FedExCup) within a tournament (Tour Championship), but I certainly will tomorrow when they're coming down the stretch. Hopefully it's an exciting finish — which would be a fitting way to kick off the much-anticipated Ryder Cup.


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Minister says there's 'no..
Minister says there's 'no need to panic' as dam level falls
Don Harwin
NSW Utilities Minister Don Harwin says there's "no need to be alarmist" as Sydney's dam levels approach dangerous lows.
There are fears a desalination plant may not be ready in time to make up for a shortfall in water, as our dam levels decline.
Dam levels have dropped to 65 per cent and are edging closer to the threshold of 60 per cent, the level at which the desalination plant at Kurnell would be required.
The plant may be needed as early as October but isn't expected to be ready until December.
NSW Energy and Utilities Minister Don Harwin assures Chris Smith there's "no need to panic" but admits the plant won't be ready to be commissioned until mid-December.
Even then, it will take a "matter of months" before the plant's water flows into our dam's reserves.
"Sydney has one of the largest water catchments of any city in the world.
"We've got two years worth of water in our water catchments, even if it doesn't rain at all, any time, in the next two years.
"There's no need to panic and no need to be alarmist."
Despite the entire state of New South Wales now being in drought, Mr Harwin says there's no need to implement "extreme water restrictions" yet.
"Level One water restrictions don't become compulsory until catchment is at 50 per cent."
AustraliaEnvironmentNewsNSW


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Injunctions Notes
Irish BCL Notes > Irish Equity Notes
This is an extract of our Injunctions document, which we sell as part of our Irish Equity Notes collection written by the top tier of Trinity College Dublin students.
The following is a more accessble plain text extract of the PDF sample above, taken from our Irish Equity Notes. Due to the challenges of extracting text from PDFs, it will have odd formatting:
Injunctions General principles on which perpetual injunctions granted
? Curust Financial Services v Loewe Lack (SC)
? The parties entered a contract together pursuant to which the plaintiffs were exclusively entitled to deal in its products in Ireland.
? The defendant later sought to assign these rights to another party and the plaintiffs applied for a interlocutory injunction against them.
? Held that, since the loss that would occur to the plaintiffs pending the action would be clearly and exclusively a commercial loss, in what had been a stable and well
established market, it would prima facie be a loss capable of being assessed in damages (both past and potential future)
? Difficulty in assessing these damages (in contrast to complete impossibility) should not be a ground for holding that damages are an inadequate remedy.
? The question as to whether an injunction should apply save where the loss suffered is small applies to permanent rather than interlocutory injunctions.
? Sheridan v Louis Fitzgerald Group (HC)
? Plaintif sought an interlocutory injunction to restrain the defendant from granting to a third party the right to provide restaraunt and catering services at the defendant's public house, an activity which had previously been carried out by a company in which the plaintiff had an interest.
? Curust applied
? The plaintiff would be entitled to damages for any loss which he could establish would be likely to arise subsequent to the date of the assessment of damages.
? While there would be difficulties in making such an assessment, such difficulty fell far short of the complete impossibility identified in Curust - thus damages would be an adequate remedy and an interlocutory injunctioin would be inappropriate.
? Argyll v Argyll
? The plaintiff's immoral conduct led to her husband divorcing her.
? She later took an action against him to restrain a breach of confidence.
? Held that, a person coming to equity to relief must come with clean hands, but the cleanliness required is to be judged in relation to the relief that is sought.
? Thus, the immoral conduct in this case did not disentitle her to an injunction against her husband.
? Chappell v Times Newspapers (CA)
? Concerned a dispute between unions and employers in the newspaper industry
? Held that, he who seeks equity must do equity
? Thus plaintiffs had not been involved in any industrial action but refused to give undertakings sought by their employers not to engage in disruptive activities.
? Thus the court could refuse to grant an interim injunction on the grounds that the plaintiffs had failed to establish that they themselves intended to act equitably by abiding by the terms of ther contracts of employment.
? Shaw v Applegate (CA)
? The defendant had covenanted not to use property which he had purchased as an amusement arcade.
? The benefit of this covenant was assigned to the plaintiff, who sued for its breach a number of years after the breach began.
? Held that, to deprive the plaintiff of a legal right on the ground of acquiescence the situation must be such that it would be dishonest or unconscionable for him to continue to enforce it.
? Since in the years in question, the plaintiffs were confused as to whether there had been a breach of covenant it could not be said that they had been acting dishonest or
unconscionably, but given the expenditure made and goodwill built up by the defendant, the appropriate remedy was not an injunction but damages. Jurisdiction to award damages in lieu of an injunction
? Shelfer v City of London Electric Lighting Co.
? The plaintiffs sued the defendants in order to have an injunction served against the operation of their engines.
? Held that, it is good working rule that where the damage to the plaintiff's legal rights is A) small, B) capable of being estimated in money and C) can be adequately compensated in money and D) it would be oppressive to the defendant to award an injunction, then damages are the appropriate remedy.
? There may be cases, although the four requirements above exist, the defendant's conduct has disentitled himself from asking to be excused an injunction.
? In this case the requirements are met and an injunction should be awarded.
? Kennaway v Thompson
? The plaintiff purchased a house next to a manmade lake which was used by a boat club.
? She sued for an injunction to stop the nuisance caused by the club after they increased the frequency of their activities.
? Held that, in cases of continuing nuisance the jurisdiction to award damages ought to be exercised only under very exceptionable circumstances.
? The public interest in this case was not exceptional enough to prevail over private interests and the plaintiffs are entitled to an injunction.
? The injunction must balance the rights of the parties - a restriction on the size of the engines and a lessening in frequency will achieve this.
? Patterson v Murphy (HC)
? The plaintiff bought land adjoining a quarry which was a source of noise and dust.
? This resulted in shock to the plaintiffs and structural damage to their property, prevented them from sitting in their garden and eventually required them to leave and live in rented accommodation.
? Held that, when an infringement of the plaintiffs' right and threatened further material infringement has been established the plaintiff is prima facie entitled to an injunction - the plaintiff will only be deprived of an injunction in very exceptional circumstances.
? If the injury to the plaintiffs' rights is small and is one capable of being estimated in money and is one which can be adequately compensated by a small money payment and if the case is one in which it would be oppressive to the defendant to grant an injunction, then these are circumstances in which damages in lieu of an injunction may be granted.
? The conduct of the plaintiff may be such as to disentitle him to an injunction, while the conduct of the defendant may be such as to disentitle him from seeking the substitution of damages for an injunction.
? The mere fact that a wrongdoer is able and willing to pay for the injury he has inflicted is not a ground for substituting damages. Principles governing grant of interlocutory injunctions
? JT Stratford v v Lindley (HL)
? Traditional test: a strong prima facie case, i.e. a probability that he would succeed in his claim at the hearing of the action.
? American Cyanimid Co. v Ethicon (HL)
? The plaintiffs sought an interlocutory injunction restraining the defendants from selling a product which they claimed infringed one of their patents.
? Held that, the court must first assess whether there is a serious question to be tried - unless the evidence at the application for an interlocutory injunction establishes that the plaintiff has no prospect of success, the court should proceed to assess the case on the
??balance of convenience.
# The first step in assessing this balance is to examine whether any loss suffered by plaintiff between the application and the trial would be capable of being compensated for in damages and that the defendant would be capable of paying such damages - in such case no injunction should be granted.
# If the plaintiff establishes that this is not the case, then the court must examine whether the restraint imposed upon the defendant could be compensated by the paintiff - if this is so, then there is no reason not to grant the injunction.
# Where the inquiries above leave the court in doubt, the best course of action is to maintain the status quo. Campus Oil v Minister for Energy (SC)
? The plaintiffs refused to obey an order made by the defendants, claiming it was contrary to European law.
? The defendants sought an interlocutory injunction to have the plaintiffs abide by the terms of the order until the determination of the case.
? American Cyanimid applied.
? Held that, an applicant for an interlocutory injunction must establish first, that there is a bona fide question to be tried concerning the existence of a right which he seeks to protect or enforce by the injunction and secondly, that the balance of convenience lies in favour of granting the injunction.
? Since the order had been made by powers granted to the Minister by the Oireachtas, since it had not been found invalid and since the public loss occasioned by the failure of the scheme of the order was not quantifiable in damages, the balance of convenience lay in favour of enforcing the order - although it was unusual to grant an interlocutory injunction in a mandatory form, it was justified by the special circumstances of this case. Westman Holdings v McCormack
? The plaintiffs sought an injunction to prevent the defendants from picketing their premises.
? Held that, an interlocutory injunction was appropriate.
? While the damage that would otherwise be suffered would be merely pecuniary, the combination of the inability of individual defendants to pay damages and the possible immunity from suit of the trade union made it improbable that the plaintiff would be able to obtain compensation.
? On the other hand, the undertaking given by the plaintiff to compensate the defendants would be adequate to compensate their loss of wages and only their right to picket would remain uncompensated. Metro International SA v Independent News and Media (HC)
? Plaintiff sought an interlocutory injunction restraining the alleged infringement of a trademark.
? There was a serious issue to be applied and damages were found inadequate.
? Whether the adequacy of damages is contained in the assessment of the balance of convenience or whether it is a standalone test is more an issue of semantics than substance.
? In assessing the adequacy or otherwise of damages as a remedy the court should have regard to whether the right is normally one which it protects by injunction, though, in one sense, it might be thought capable of assessing the injury in monetary terms. G & T Crampton v BATU (SC)
? The plaintiff sought an injunction to prevent the defendants picketing his premises
? s. 19(2) of the Industrial Relations Act 1990 provides that once the plaintiff establishes an entitlement to an interlocutory injunction by showing that there is a fair question to be tried, the court must consider whether the defendants can establish a fair case that they were acting in furtherance of a trade dispute - if they can an injunction will not be
? Held that, the trial judge was entitled to find that the absence of an effective secret ballot prior to the strike meant that the conditions of s. 19(2) had not been satisfied. Malincross v BATU (HC)
? The plaintiff sought an interlocutory injunction to restrain picketing by the defendants at a building site, in circumstances where the employer with whom the defendants were in dispute no longer carried on business at the site.
? Held that, although there was secret ballot, it had not indicated the precise nature of the action to be taken, i.e. a picket of a site no longer operated by the employer, and thus there was a serious question as to whether such action had actually been authorised by the ballot - s. 19 required that the union must have the clear support of its members.
? Thus the case fell to be determined on the Campus Oil principles. Daru Bricklaying v BATU (HC)
? Industrial dispute - injunction sought.
? Held that, for the ballot to be valid, the entitlement to vote must accorded equally to all the members whom it was reasonable at that time for the union to believe would be called upon to enage in the industrial action.
? The onus lay on the defendants to prove that this had been done. Reynolds v Malocco (HC)
? The plaintiff sought an injunction to restrain the defendants from a publishing an article which he claimed was defamatory of him.
? Held that, Campus Oil is of wide, but not universal application - in a case such as this, the plaintiff must establish that there is no doubt that the publication complained of is defamatory.
? Furthermore, if the defendant intends to plead justification or any other recognised defence, normally an injunction of this type will be refused. Cogley v RTE (HC)
? The plaintiff sought to acquire an interlocutory injunction restrainging the publication of a documentary film, which alleged abuses in her nursing home.
? Held that, interlocutory injunctions to restrain publication of allegedly defamatory material will not be granted if it can be shown that there is reasonable basis for contending that the defendant will succeed at the trial of the action.
? Even in a case where it can be clearly shown that the defendant will not have a defence, the court retains a discretion not to grant the injunction having regard to all the circumstances of the case.
? In assessing whether to grant an interlocutory injunction restraining publication of material acquired in breach of privacy, the court must consider the context and circumstances in which the impugned methods were employed, any special public interest considerations in favour of broadcasting the programme and the adequacy of damages as a remedy for any wrong proved at trial.
? In this case, the significant public interest value of the material and the fact that damages would be tailored to the veracity of the accusations militate against the award of an injuction. Greene v Associated Newspapers (CA)
? Plaintiff sought and failed to received an interlocutory injunction against the defendant.
? The Court of Appeal held that in an action for defamation, a prior restraint order will not be imposed unless there is no possibility that the defendant will succeed. NWL v Woods (HL)
? Court held that where the practical effect of the order would be to decide the case, the degree of likelihood that the plaintiff would have succeeded at trial is a factor to be taken into account. Cayne v Global Natural Resources (CA)
The plaintiffs sought interlocutory injunctions restraining the defendant from allowing the merger of one of its subsidiaries with another company and from issuing shares to that company until the trial of the action, unless it first got the approval of its shareholders.
? Where the grant or refusal of such an injunction would have the effect of putting an end to the action, the court should approach the case on the broad principle of what it can do in its best endeavour to avoid injustice and balance the risk of doing an injustice to either party.
? Since the grant of an injunction in such case would rob the defendant of his right to contest the plaintiff's claim at trial and (Eveleigh J) the defendant has substantiated its defence through affidavits and exhibits, it should not be granted.
? Were the plaintiffs to put forward an overwhelming case, it may be that the decision would be different.
? Kerr J
# It is only in cases where the plaintiff actually wishes to proceed to trial that the Cyanimid guidelines apply.
# That being the position the question is whether the plaintiffs can justify such a result at this stage and given that the defendants still have a fully arguable case, an interlocutory injunction should not be granted. Lansing Linde v Kerr (CA)
? The plaintiff sought an interlocutory injunction to enforce a provision in the defendant's contract with it, not to take up employment with a competitor of their's within 12 months of the termination of his employment with them.
? Held that, given the interlocutory injunction would decide the issue as the twelve months would have expired by the time the action came to trial it was not enough to ascertain whether there was a serious issue to be tried.
? In all the circumstances it was unlikely that the worldwide restraint in the contract would be upheld at trial and thus the trial judge was correct not to grant the injunction.?
Mandatory injunctions
? Redland Bricks v Morris (HL)
? As a result of the appellant's excavations on its lands a large pit was left on the respondents' lands.
? A injunction requiring the appellant to take all necessary steps to restore support to the respondents' lands was granted and this was appealed.
? Held that, mandatory injunctions are entirely discretionary and general principles for its application can only be set out in the most general of terms:
# it can only be granted where a plaintiff shows a very strong probability on the facts that grave damage will accrue to him in the future.
# it cannot be granted where damages would be a sufficient or adequate remedy if such damage does happen
# the cost to the defendant to carry out such actions must be taken into account:
? where the actions of the defendant are wanton or unreasonable, then the cost to him need not be proved proportionate to the benefit to the plaintiff
? where the actions of the defendant are wrong, but not unreasonable, then the cost to him must be carefully assessed because A) no legal wrong has yet occurred and B) if damage does occur in future, the plaintiff has all his remedies at law and equity.
# if a mandatory injunction is granted, then the court must be careful to see that the defendant knows exactly what he has to do
? In this case, the damage is certain and grave but the appellant has not behaved unreasonably and the order is too imprecise - thus the injunction must be set aside.
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