Due to the violent persecution of Christians, at which time their parish priest, Saint Joseph of Damascus and his companions were martyred, the Hawaweeny family was forced to flee to Beirut for their safety. It was here that the future saint first saw the light of day, and not in the city of his parents. Indeed, as the child's life unfolded, it was evident that he would have no continuing city in this world, but would seek the city which is to come (Heb 13:14).
Deacon Raphael was not satisfied with the extent of his knowledge, and thirsted to learn even more. This did not stem from personal pride or ambition, but came from his fervent desire to benefit others. Truly, the words of King Solomon could be applied to Saint Raphael: "Give instruction to a wise man, and he will be still wiser; teach a just man, and he will increase in learning" (Proverbs 9:9). Therefore, he asked Patriarch Gerasimus to permit him to do graduate studies at a school in Russia, promising to return and serve as the Patriarch's Russian-language secretary. The Patriarch gave his blessing, and Deacon Raphael was accepted as a student at the Theological Academy of Kiev.
In November of 1891 Metropolitan Spyridon, a Greek Cypriot, was elected as Patriarch of Antioch. Many Arabs believed that he had purchased the election by paying off several notable people in Damascus. Archimandrite Raphael refused to commemorate the new Patriarch during services at the representation church. As a result, he was suspended from his priestly functions by Patriarch Spyridon. Saint Raphael accepted his suspension, but continued to write articles in Russian newspapers in defense of the Antiochian cause. The Patriarchs of Antioch, Constantinople, Alexandria, and Jerusalem successfully petitioned the Tsar to forbid Russian newspapers from publishing his articles. With this door closed to him, Saint Raphael began to publish his writings in book form.
Eventually, Patriarch Spyridon wrote to the Assistant Overprocurator of Russia, a friend of Saint Raphael's, asking him to persuade Father Raphael to ask for the Patriarch's forgiveness. He did so, and the suspension was lifted. Saint Raphael was allowed to transfer from the jurisdiction of Antioch to the Church of Russia, and to remain there. He went to Kazan, taking a position as instructor in Arabic studies at the theological academy. He remained there until 1895 when he was invited by the Syrian Orthodox Benevolent Society of New York to come there to be the pastor of the Arab Orthodox community.
The Orthodoxy of Saint Raphael's life and teaching was demonstrated over and over again by his words and his actions. He always upheld and defended the spotless Faith which was "delivered to the saints" (Jude 3). Although at first he did not understand the teachings of the heterodox, he later discovered how far removed they were from Orthodox doctrine. When he realized this, he took steps to protect his flock from harmful influences. He directed his people not to attend heterodox services lest they become confused by "various and strange doctrines" (Heb 13:9). He believed it would be preferable for the head of the household to read the Hours at home from the Service Book when it was not possible to attend an Orthodox church.
In 1898, with the blessing of Bishop Nicholas, Saint Raphael produced his first book in the New World - an Arabic language Service Book called The Book of True Consolation in the Divine Prayers. This book of liturgical services and prayers was very useful to priests in celebrating the divine services, and also to the people in their personal prayer life. The English version published by Archimandrite Seraphim Nassar is still being used today.
Between May-November 1898, Saint Raphael set off on his second pastoral tour. During this trip he became convinced of the need for Arabic-speaking priests to serve in the new churches he had established. When he returned to New York, he made a report to Bishop Nicholas expressing these concerns. With Bishop Nicholas' blessing Saint Raphael was able to bring qualified priests from Syria. He also sought out educated laymen whom he could recommend for ordination. Both as an archimandrite and later as bishop, Saint Raphael would appoint pastors only after obtaining the blessing of the Russian hierarch who headed the American Mission.
This was the normal state of affairs in America at the time. Archimandrite Raphael welcomed Bishop Tikhon when the latter replaced Bishop Nicholas as the ruling bishop in America. On December 15, Saint Tikhon came to serve the Liturgy at the Syrian church of Saint Nicholas. Raphael told his people that their new Archpastor was one who "has been sent here to tend the flock of Christ - Russians, Slavs, Syro-Arabs, and Greeks - which is scattered across the entire North American continent." At that time, of course, there were no parallel jurisdictions based on nationality. The Church united those of diverse backgrounds under the jurisdiction of the Russian Archbishop. This was the norm until the Russian Revolution disrupted church life in Russia, and also in America.
In 1903, the Holy Synod of Russia unanimously elected Archimandrite Raphael to be the Bishop of Brooklyn while retaining him as head of the Syro-Arab Orthodox Mission in North America. The Holy Synod announced the election to Patriarch Meletios, who was pleased by their decision. Bishop Tikhon wrote to Saint Raphael to inform him of his election, and Father Raphael sent him a letter of acceptance.
On the Sunday of Orthodoxy in 1911, Bishop Raphael was honored for his fifteen years of pastoral ministry in America. Archbishop Platon presented him with a silver-covered icon of Christ and praised him for his work. In his humility, Bishop Raphael could not understand why he should be honored merely for doing his duty (Luke 17:10). He considered himself an "unworthy servant," yet he did perfectly the work that fell to him.
In 1913-1914 this missionary bishop continued to make pastoral visitations to various cities. In 1915 he fell ill again and spent two months at home, bearing his illness with patience. At 12:40am on February 27 he rested from his labors. They called him, but he did not answer. They shook him, but he was gone.
we sing hymns of praise to Christ our God.
you protected your flock from false doctrines and confirmed them in the true faith.
always intercede before the Lord that our souls may be saved.


Do we all remember that expression when we were JWs?
Someone new would "come into the Truth", and be SO enthusiastic and keen, that we would all joke about "locking them up for the first 6 months because they would preach to everyone"
JWs thought that the passion for "learning the Truth" was the issue. But really what they have just described could be true of any person who discovers something new and is bubbling with excitement.
What about us here who have learned "The truth about The Truth"? No doubt we can fall into the same trap and be so keen to share the facts we have learned with EVERYONE JW we know. We may fall into the pattern of bubbling things to all we know.
But, as most of us know, it can have the very opposite effect! Saying too much too quickly can actually do more harm than good. It can cause a rebound effect in those we speak to, and can make them fear us as "mentally diseased Apostates".
So take your time. Drop small and well thought out points or topics, and leave the seeds to germinate with them.
Try not to be so keen that they "want to lock us up"
What happened? The bust of 1975 and later the end of the 80 years end of the generation in 1995 and the death knell was the overlapping generations. Most jws are just sprinters not marathon runners.
The same can sometimes be said of someone who has just become a vegetarian for example and it can at times be said of those who become X-JW's. They sometimes drive otherwise interested or agreeable ones off, with all of their carrying on.
What you say is true stuckinarut2 the emotions can sometimes get the better of us.
Yes i made the mistake of pouring out all the things I had learnt as an ex JW. It did far more harm than good when I told my JWs son and also my best mate. Both of them have made it clear they never want the subject brought up again.
Oh, the same can be true not only when we discover "The truth about The Truth" but also when we discover truths about the Bible itself, the God of Christianity, the length of time man has been on earth, all religion, science.
Most of us know these things, but good reminders.
Our family pretty much came out and asked us if we still attended meetings. We came out and finally said no. Then the questions started to flow from family. We were honest with them. Then they tried to get us to the Memorial, which we said no to. Then they tried to get us to the KH for a special talk. We said no. At first, they tried to be understanding and one family member said that they thought "we would come to our senses." Now, they have slowly distanced themselves from us. We can feel it. The "you left us" thing.
So much for being honest eh. I guess we need to be punished.
Would we do it the same way over again? Yes. We just couldn't do it anymore. Faking it is just not part of who we are.
Great point siar2! You see people wake up, get excited, lose all tact, and get shunned real fast. We have to give others time to see things for themselves too.


text:
DANVILLE PD CITE 2 ON DRUG CHARGES AFTER REPORT OF UNATTENDED CHILDREN
Posted About Four Months Ago by Jerry Atwood
The mother of three young children is facing charges after Danville Police found the kids alone in her vehicle.
Danville Police responded to 25 Holladay Drive, shortly after 7pm Saturday night, in reference to unattended children. Upon arrival, officers located three children inside a vehicle ages, 4, 2, and 2 months. They determined the kids had been there for around a half hour or more.
The mother of the children, 26 year old Cynthia Goins, of Danville, was found inside an apartment with a male subject who was suffering narcotic intoxication. Officers rendered aid to the man, who was actively overdosing on an unknown substance.
Danville City Fire and Boyle County EMS responded to the scene and the man, later identified as Hunter Blake, was transported to the local hospital for further treatment.
Goins was charged with 3 counts each of wanton endangerment, and endangering the welfare of a minor. A search of her vehicle yielded small amounts of marijuana, heroin, and methamphetamine. Goins was additionally charged with possession of all three substances. Social services assisted Danville Police during the incident and the children were released to a family member. They were unharmed.
Around 6am the next morning, Danville Police returned to the same area, where Hunter Blake was found, looking for his vehicle and phone. He had been released from medical treatment. Blake had no recollection of the previous events and believed he had been released from jail. He was determined to be under the influence and was charged with public intoxication. Due to his level of intoxication, Blake was cited and released back to the hospital for further treatment.
RUSSELL SPRINGS MAN PLEADS GUILTY TO MANSLAUGHTER
Posted About Four Months Ago by Crystal Sallee
According to court records, a Russell Springs man who was facing a murder charge and four counts of assault stemming from a May 2020 car accident pled guilty in Russell Circuit Court on Tuesday to amended charges.
Haiden Cain's murder charge was amended to a second degree manslaughter charge, and two first degree assault charges were amended to two second degree assault charges. Cain, age 30, was also charged with two additional second degree assault charges, DUI second offense, speeding 26 miles per hour or more over the limit, failure to give oncoming vehicle half of the highway, and reckless driving.
Under the guilty plea to the charges and amended charges, Commonwealth Attorney Matthew Leveridge recommended a sentence of 10 years on the manslaughter charge and a total of 10 years on the remaining charges with several of those running concurrently to each other, for a total of 20 years to serve.
Cain, who was indicted last year, was facing the charges from an auto collision in which law enforcement officials said he was traveling north on U.S. 127 when he attempted to pass a vehicle in a non-passing zone and collided with another vehicle.
Cain's vehicle left the roadway and flipped multiple times. The crash resulted in the death of 26-year-old Janson Sallee, a passenger in Cain's vehicle. Two individuals in the other vehicle were flown from the scene of that wreck and two minors were in the other vehicle.
Formal sentencing will be on October 25th. Cain, who was out on bond, was taken into custody and lodged in the Russell County Detention Center.
Posted About Four Months Ago by Jeff Henderson
Pulaski County Fiscal Court met in regular session this week.
Jeff Henderson covered the meeting for 98.7 The Buck...
KSP INVESTIGATING ATV FATALITY IN RUSSELL COUNTY
Posted About Four Months Ago by Jerry Atwood / Crystal Sallee
Another person has died in an all-terrain vehicle crash in central Kentucky.
Kentucky State Police responded to the call of a two vehicle injury accident on E. Ky 80 in Russell County, just after 5pm Monday.
Investigators say a Yamaha Wolverine UTV, operated by 70 year old Edward Robertson, of Russell Springs, pulled onto 80 from Foley Rd., into the path of a 2019 Chrysler Pacifica Van, driven by Rylie Kean, age 27, also of Russell Springs.
Mr. Robertson was transported to Russell County Hospital where he was pronounced dead by the Russell County Coroner.
The collision remains under investigation.
Jamestown Police, Russell County Sheriff's Office, Fire, & EMS also responded.
The mishap occurred just days after a similar accident in Taylor County.
69 year old Jason Jones died at the scene after his ATV was rear-ended on Bengal Rd., Friday morning.
That crash also remains under investigation.
Somerset City Council met in regular session this week.
There was a discussion concerning the homeless in the city.
Jeff Henderson covered the meeting...
KSP: YOSEMITE MAN ARRESTED IN RUSSELL CO. TRAFFIC STOP
A Yosemite man is facing drug charges following a traffic stop in Russell County over the weekend.
Kentucky State Police stopped a '99 Chevy Cavalier on Rose St. in Russell Springs around 11pm Sunday night for a seat belt violation.
A passenger in the vehicle, 37 year old Patrick Michael Sisco, of Yosemite, had a warrant for his arrest. He was found in possession of suspected methamphetamine, marijuana, and prescription pills. Also discovered during the search was a handgun and a large sum of cash.
In addition to his warrant, Sisco is charged with Trafficking meth-1st degree, Possession of controlled substance-1st degree, Possession of a Handgun by a convicted felon, Possession of Marijuana, Drug Paraphernalia, Public Intoxication, & Menacing.
He was lodged in the Russell County Jail.
Trooper Jake Smith was assisted at the scene by other KSP Troopers, Russell County Sheriff's Office, and Russell Springs Police.
LINCOLN COUNTY DRUG ARREST
Shortly after 12am Monday, Lincoln County Sheriff's Deputies Zack Nicholason and Logan Smith along with Sergeant Michael Mullins went to a residence on S Old Ottenheim Road in reference to serving an arrest warrant as well as following up on complaints of drug activity.
Upon arrival, Deputies observed evidence of narcotics usage in plain view. As they attempted to make contact, a man was seen fleeing through the residence.
Deputies secured the scene for a drug investigation. As they were conducting a protective sweep of the residence, a male suspect was found hiding inside a closet. He was wanted on (5) outstanding felony warrants from multiple surrounding counties. The man, who's name was not released, was placed under arrest and lodged in the Boyle County Jail.
Further investigation revealed suspected methamphetamine and suboxone inside the home.
As the investigation continues, authorities say more arrest(s) are expected.
PULASKI ARSON INVESTIGATION UNDERWAY
Authorities in Pulaski County are trying to determine the cause of a fire at an un-occuppied home in Somerset this week.
Jeff Henderson says there were no injuries, but the investigation is on-going...
The Fiscal Court approved the minutes from the regular session of August 15, 2022.
Magistrates accepted the treasurer's report and approved budget transfers.
They also accepted tax rates from the School District and Ambulance Taxing District. The School Board approved the compensating rate and the Ambulance District took the 4% increase.
The Extension District's compensating rate was approved by the court.
Randy Watts and Lisa Peek were appointed to the Extension District Board.
The court voted to purchase new voting machines as mandated by the state. The cost is $83,000. At least $75,000 of the cost will be reimbursed to the county over the next 2 years
The court approved the purchase of 2 mowing tractors on the state pricing contract for the road department.
The Casey County Detention Center's policy and procedures manual was approved.
A request by the East Casey County Water District for the court's support of a Clean Water Act grant was approved.
Payment of the monthly bills was approved.
CCSO: FATHER/DAUGHTER CITED ON DRUG CHARGES
Posted About Five Months Ago by Jerry Atwood
A Casey County father & daughter were cited on drug charges following a traffic stop Thursday morning.
Casey County Sheriff Chad Weddle reports, he met a 2007 Nissan Altima, with excessive window tint, headed South on US 127. The Nissan turned onto West KY 70. Sheriff Weddle initiated a traffic stop for speeding near the intersection of Lower Brush Creek Rd.
The driver, 57 year old Huland R. Jones, of Liberty, had expired Operator's License. Liberty Police Chief Garrett also responded to the scene, with K9 "Mako" alerting to the presence of narcotics. A search of the vehicle resulted in the discovery of a Meth Pipe with residue in the center console.
Mr. Jones failed field sobriety tests. He stated the Meth Pipe was not his, and that the vehicle belonged to his wife, Lorane Pritchett, who has been locked up in the Casey County Jail for a few weeks. He also stated he did use Meth approximately three days prior.
Jones was lodged in the Casey County Jail on charges of Speeding (3mph over limit), Excessive Window Tint, DUI (aggravating circumstance), Possession of Methamphetamine-1st Degree, Drug Paraphernalia, and Driving on Expired OL's.
A passenger in the car, Haley Jones, age 18 of Liberty, was cited for Possession of Methamphetamine. Officers found Meth in a container on her key-ring. She was also charged with Endangering the Welfare of a Minor, due to her two year old daughter being in the vehicle. The child was released to a family member.
Deputy Hannah Lynn also assisted.
CCSO: LOCAL WOMAN ARRESTED AFTER FALLING ASLEEP AT CHURCH
A Windsor woman is facing charges after being found passed out at the wheel at a local church.
Deputy Hannah Lynn, with Casey County Sheriff's Office, was dispatched to Patterson's Chapel Church, on Thompson Ridge Road, in the Windsor community, shortly after 1pm Wednesday afternoon, in reference to someone slumped over the wheel of a 2023 Ram Pickup.
Upon arrival, she made contact with 53 year old Lesia Sue Luttrell, who was laying on the wheel with the motor running. The arrest citation states Luttrell had slurred speech, glossy eyes, and was unsteady on her feet. She failed field sobriety tests.
A search of the vehicle resulted in the discovery of a baggie containing crystal methamphetamine. Luttrell stated she had used meth the night before.
She was lodged in the Casey County Jail on charges of DUI, Driving on Suspended OL's, and Possession of Methamphetamine-1st Degree.
Sheriff Chad Weddle assisted.
CCSO: ONE PERSON ARRESTED ON DRUG CHARGES ON KY49
A report of two people sleeping in a car on private property leads to drug & weapon charges.
Casey County Sheriff Chad Weddle responded to the call Wednesday morning around 8:30, 6.5 miles North of Liberty on KY49. The caller stated the vehicle was behind a trailer, belonging to Rita Wethington. Roy Wooley and his wife Taylor were inside the vehicle with possible drugs inside.
Sheriff Weddle responded, along with Wooley's probation officer, Tyler Harrold & located the two, asleep in the front seat. After waking them up, they noticed a holstered pistol in the passenger side door panel as Taylor was exiting the vehicle.
The .25 caliber pistol was loaded, with one in the chamber.
Wooley granted consent to search the vehicle, which turned up a leather pouch, containing a meth pipe, 2 straws, & digital scales, all with residue, along with a piece of paper with brown suspected methamphetamine.
Wooley stated all the items, including the gun, were his. And that he had used meth earlier that morning.
Roy H. Wooley III, of Liberty, was charged with Possession of Methamphetamine-1st Degree/2nd Offense, Drug Paraphernalia, & Possession of a Handgun by Convicted Felon.
He was lodged in the Casey County Jail.
Posted About Five Months Ago by Jeff Henderson
Jeff Henderson covered that meeting for 98.7 The Buck...
2 MONTICELLO WOMEN ARRESTED ON DRUG TRAFFICKING CHARGES
Posted About Five Months Ago by Crystal Sallee / Jerry Atwood
A check on a suspicious vehicle leads to drug charges for two Wayne County women.
Wayne County Sheriff Tim Catron says, in the early morning hours on Tuesday, Deputies Derek Dennis and James Barnett noticed the women sitting in a vehicle at a Monticello business on South Main Street, where drug transactions have been occurring.
After approaching the vehicle, Deputy Barnett located a cigarette pack laying on a rear tire. Inside it was a plastic bag containing over 4 grams of methamphetamine.
The driver, 40 year old Carrisa D. Pyles of Monticello, admitted the meth was hers, and she was going to sell it to the other woman.
The Deputies then followed Pyles to to her residence on Frisby Street where she lives with 34 year old Samantha R. Appleby.
They followed Pyles inside where they observed marijuana and two more bags of suspected methamphetamine laying in plain view.
A search the residence resulted in additional illegal narcotics and a set of digital scales being seized. Appleby stated that all these items belonged to her.
Both women were lodged in the Wayne County Jail.
Pyles is charged with trafficking Meth-1st degree (over 2 grams).
Appleby is charged with trafficking Meth-1st degree (over 2 grams), possession & trafficking drugs unspecified-3rd degree, possession opiates-1st degree, illegal possession of a legend drug and, possession of drug paraphernalia.
CASEY COUNTY SCHOOL BOARD MEETING REPORT
The Casey County Board of Education met in regular session last night.
Here's Superintendent, Barry Lee...
LIBERTY CITY COUNCIL PASSES PROPERTY TAX INCREASE
The Liberty City Council held a public hearing yesterday prior to their regular meeting for public discussion concerning a proposed 4% increase in the property tax rate. There were a few in attendance and no action was taken.
The public hearing was followed by the Council's regular meeting.
The Council advertised for bids to repair the water systems "mother tank" located on Dry Ridge. Jay Hoffman addressed the council to answer any questions and gave details of the work to be performed, which will include a new mixing system to improve water quality and liner.
The bid of $113,850 was unanimously approved.
The council held a second reading of an ordinance related to the City's property tax rate, with an increase of 4%. That second reading was approved by a vote of 4 to 3, with Mayor Steven Brown breaking the tie.
The Council also held a first reading of an ordinance to allow Mayor Brown to sign an agreement accepting funds from the opioid settlement. There will have to be a second reading which will be held during a special meeting on Wednesday at 5 o'clock at Liberty City Hall.
Councilman Richard Montgomery addressed the council, suggesting a 5% increase for City employees. There was no official motion made, and no action was taken at this meeting.
CASEY COUNTY CAR THIEF CAPTURED
A suspect driving a stolen car from Casey County has been arrested for robbing a liquor store in Oldham County.
Police say a man with a gun walked into Prospect Liquors on U.S. 42, shortly after opening Friday, wearing a mask and demanded money.
The suspect took off in a silver sedan, headed toward Jefferson County. No one was injured in the robbery.
25 year old Isaac Beck, from Tennessee, was arrested by Salem Police that afternoon on separate charges. He has now been charged in connection with the Prospect robbery.
Oldham County Police say Beck was driving a Toyota Camry, reported stolen from Casey County, at the time of the robbery.
Beck was booked into the Washington County Jail on charges of robbery, and wanton endangerment.
CCSO: MAILBOX DAMAGED, SHOTS FIRED
One person arrested after a mailbox was damaged, and shots fired.
It happened in the early morning hours Monday. Casey County Sheriff's Deputies responded to a location about 14 miles East of Windor at 450 Hatter Rd., Kings Mountain. A mailbox was damaged by a vehicle. The victim reports the perpetrators then returned with a second vehicle, got out and fired 5 shots from a gun.
The investigation led officers to the residence of 18 year old Spencer Gillock, at 100 Phillipee Spur Rd., Waynesburg. Gillock stated he drove by the property on Hatter Rd., and hit the mailbox with a Chevy Silverado pickup, then shot a gun in the direction of the sky.
He was transported to the Casey County Jail on charges of Wanton Endangerment-1st Degree, and Criminal Mischief-3rd Degree.
Deputy Schoenbachler investigating, with assistance from Officer Atwood.
Vacation's $22 TikTok-Viral Whipped Cream Sunscreen Just Restocked
Steve Martin Trolls "Nepo Baby" Ben Stiller in 2023 Super Bowl Ad

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Martha Mason always relied on her friends for support, but today, her life gives them inspiration.
Many visitors were shocked by the sight of the 7-foot-long, 800-pound, yellow tube and the whoosh-whoosh sound of the iron lung's electrically generated bellows breathing for Mason. She lived in the iron lung for 61 of her 71 years.
Mason's social nature attracted a steady stream of townspeople of all ages and backgrounds. They brought the town to her, sharing news of family milestones, local politics, and sports updates from Wake Forest University, Mason's alma mater where she graduated first in her class.
People didn't visit because they pitied her — they came because she was a wonderful conversationalist and caring listener, says Mary Dalton, associate professor of communication at Wake Forest University, a friend of Mason's, and producer of the documentary Martha in Lattimore. The film captures the easy social interactions between townspeople and their friend.
Mason held dinner parties and organized book-discussion groups, all at her modest home. Despite being encased in the metal tube, immobile except for her head, Mason was a genuine companion.
For a brochure about the proposed museum, write to the Lattimore Historical Society, P.O. Box 126, Lattimore, N.C. 28089. To see the documentary, Martha in Lattimore, visit wfu.edu/documentary/news/martha/.


text:
Egyptian Pound's Bears Bet on Another Drop as IMF Meeting Nears
Netty Ismail, Bloomberg News
A customer selects Egyptian currency coins at the Al-Manhal market in the Nasr city district of Cairo, Egypt, on Wednesday, June 1, 2022. Global food prices are soaring near the fastest pace ever as Russia's invasion of Ukraine chokes crop supplies, with Egypt, the world's biggest wheat buyer, now grappling with higher import bills as the conflict causes a run-up in grain and energy costs. Photographer: Islam Safwat/Bloomberg , Bloomberg
(Bloomberg) -- Investors are betting on a deeper slide in the Egyptian pound as the North African nation awaits final approval for a $3 billion loan from the International Monetary Fund.
Derivatives traders have stepped up wagers that Egypt will let its currency weaken by as much as 20% over the next 12 months. And with the IMF's executive board preparing to meet on Dec. 16, there's debate over whether the Washington-based lender will be convinced by the pace of the pound's decline in the spot market since November.
There are signs the currency is "still being somewhat managed" and the IMF may need further proof Egypt has adopted a truly flexible exchange rate, said Gordon Bowers, a London-based analyst at Columbia Threadneedle Investments. He expects either another devaluation or an accelerated pace of depreciation before the meeting.
Not everyone agrees. Mohamed Abu Basha, head of macroeconomic research at Egyptian investment bank EFG Hermes, said he didn't believe further weakness for the pound was "necessarily conditional" before Dec. 16. Authorities have taken steps such as canceling subsidized lending programs and drafting a new document on state ownership polices in compliance with the IMF agreement, he said.
The North African nation devalued the pound in March, and then again by 18% in late October on the same day that it announced the IMF deal. Facing surging import bills and an exodus of foreign money exacerbated by the impact of Russia's invasion of Ukraine, Gulf allies have rushed to Egypt's aid with pledges of deposits and investments. Its currency has slumped to record lows and is the worst performer in the world this quarter after Ghana's cedi.
Inflation Fears
Since the start of November, the currency has weakened by less than 2%, trading offshore at 24.6 against the dollar early Friday. Concerns about inflation, which is already at a near-five-year high, and the impact on social stability in the country of 104 million people may be putting constraints on policy, analysts say.
Offshore derivatives traders see steeper declines in the months ahead. In the non-deliverable forwards market, the one-month contract on the pound has slumped about 6% this month to 26.6 per dollar while the 12-month slid to 30.9. The latter bet signals a 20% drop in the currency from the current level.
The central bank's plan to remove a requirement for importers to acquire letters of credit to buy goods abroad is set to put further pressure on the currency. Egypt needs to clear a backlog of requests — estimated at over $5 billion — from importers and companies to access hard currency, a move seen to unleash a wave of further selling in the pound.
"Greater US dollar liquidity is needed to help clear the backlog," said Monica Malik, chief economist at Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank. "If the delays continue, it will again raise market concerns over the flexibility of the FX regime and ability to repatriate funds."
Tighter global conditions combined with Egypt's high gross financing needs and limited market inflows could widen the nation's funding gap and weigh on its foreign-exchange reserves, according to JPMorgan Chase & Co. There will be more pressure on the pound as there is limited capacity for sustained interventions to keep the currency stable, the bank's economists said.
"The flexible exchange-rate regime might be eventually unavoidable," JPMorgan's Gbolahan Taiwo and Francesco Arcangeli wrote in a report.
--With assistance from Tarek El-Tablawy and Mirette Magdy.
(Adds comments by JPMorgan's economists in 10th and 11th paragraphs)


text:
Q: Visual Studio 2019: Exception thrown: read access violation. **argv** was 0x2 I'm trying to pass command-line arguments into my program. I have it set in the properties menu.
When I run the following code:
#include <stdio.h>

int main(const char *argv[], int argc) {
    printf("%s", *argv);
    return 0;
}

I get this error:

Exception thrown: read access violation. argv was 0x2

I have the debugger set to "Deubg x64" in both settings. Any suggestions?

A: The arguments to main aren't in the correct order.  They should be:
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
April 28th: "After the Movie"
After the Movie
by Marie Howe
My friend Michael and I are walking home arguing about the movie.
He says that he believes a person can love someone
and still be able to murder that person.
I say, No, that's not love. That's attachment.
Michael says, No, that's love. You can love someone, then come to a day
when you're forced to think "it's him or me"
think "me" and kill him.
I say, Then it's not love anymore.
Michael says, It was love up to then though.
I say, Maybe we mean different things by the same word.
Michael says, Humans are complicated: love can exist even in the murderous heart.
I say that what he might mean by love is desire.
Love is not a feeling, I say. And Michael says, Then what is it?
We're walking along West 16th Street—a clear unclouded night—and I hear my voice
repeating what I used to say to my husband: Love is action, I used to say to him.
Simone Weil says that when you really love you are able to look at someone you want to eat and not eat them.
Janis Joplin says, take another little piece of my heart now baby.
Meister Eckhardt says that as long as we love images we are doomed to live in purgatory.
Michael and I stand on the corner of 6th Avenue saying goodnight.
I can't drink enough of the tangerine spritzer I've just bought—
again and again I bring the cold can to my mouth and suck the stuff from
the hole the flip top made.
What are you doing tomorrow? Michael says.
But what I think he's saying is "You are too strict. You are a nun."
Then I think, Do I love Michael enough to allow him to think these things of me even if he's not thinking them?
Above Manhattan, the moon wanes, and the sky turns clearer and colder.
Although the days, after the solstice, have started to lengthen,
we both know the winter has only begun.
Isn't this great? I just discovered it today. I apologize for the crummy formatting–if you want to see more clearly where the line breaks go, you can read it here–thanks Ursula for directing me to the site!
The question the narrator and Michael are debating is something I wrestle with as a romance writer. In the end, is love a feeling or an action? I've definitely said, "Well, he thought he loved her, but if he could do that to her, then it wasn't really love."
Then sometimes I think that okay, maybe it was really love, who am I to say that love is only love when it meets my personal standards; but that if you can't treat someone you love right, then it doesn't matter whether you love them or not. It took me a long time to understand that if someone says "I love you," and you love them back, that still doesn't mean you're a bad person for not letting them make you miserable.
I believe in the power of love to change lives. And yet in my own experience love, all by itself, isn't enough to change someone. There have been times in my life when I loved someone desperately and I still wasn't able–wasn't brave enough or mature enough or knowledgeable enough or whatever enough–to be what they needed, and times when someone couldn't change just because they loved me and I wanted or needed them to. We all fail people we love, and we've all been failed by people who loved us.
But my favorite kind of romance novel is still the kind where the love of another person and their faith in you, and loving another person and wanting to be what they need, can jolt you out of the bad place you're in and help you become the person you want to be.
These questions show up a lot in In for a Penny. I think the answer the book comes to is that true love is both. It's that feeling classical poets write about, and it's also the day-to-day struggles of being a good partner.
Another book I love for the way it handles these ideas is Megan Chance's Gilded-Age-set historical novel An Inconvenient Wife. Both the heroine's husband and her new hypnotherapist love her, but the constraints of the era affect how they express it in ways that can be extremely damaging to her. (WARNING: The book is fabulous and I highly recommend it, but it's NOT a traditional romance novel.)
What do you think? Can true love conquer all, even someone's inner demons? Do you have a favorite book, romance or otherwise, that deals with this question?
Author Rose LernerPosted on April 28, 2010 Categories poetry
6 thoughts on "April 28th: "After the Movie""
Cecilia Grant says:
>I think the answer the book comes to is that true love is both. It's that feeling classical poets write about, and it's also the day-to-day struggles of being a good partner.
Yes! This reminds me of one of my absolute favorite bits in IfaP: The argument Nev has with his sister, late in the book, about what love is and isn't.
I was on his side with all the "It's not hearts and flowers; it's about hard work" stuff. Then she came back with "Okay, it's all that, but it's more than that too," and I thought, oh, man, she totally just SCHOOLED him! (Schooled me too, because I thought he'd won the debate.) I have a weakness for arguments where I find myself nodding vigorously along with both sides.
Yay! Yes, I was thinking exactly about that argument when I wrote this post! EEE, I'm glad you liked it, it's one of my favorite parts of the book too.
Okay, total tangent, but: I also love arguments where both people are right. It's–okay, bringing it back to Star Trek as I so often do, but that was one of the things I loved about the original series. No matter how weird or unethical the aliens seemed to Kirk/McCoy/humans/the viewers, they almost ALWAYS had a point of view that made sense to them. I hate it when minor characters only seem to exist in relation to the protagonist, it just seems so unfair! And when their opinions only seem to exist either to bring the hero(ine) onto the right path or to be debunked by him/her, that feels like cheating too. So I try really hard as a writer to make sure that minor characters have coherent, complete viewpoints of their own even when they don't agree with the protagonist or even with me. Plus it's important to me that when my hero/heroine disagree over something, they both have a point. First because I think in life it's usually like that, second because it's fun to write, and third because otherwise either the relationship feels unequal to me–it used to drive me crazy in old-skool romances how the heroine was always WRONG about everything and the hero had to teach her how to live–or one of them's just being a jerk.
FD says:
Mmmm, I see love as both an emotion, and a verb.
On the one hand, I'm big on love as something you do because as far as I'm concerned, it doesn't matter how much you care, how intensely you feel about someone, if your behaviour doesn't reflect that, you don't really love them. That goes for how you let them treat you as well as how you treat them; if you let someone treat you badly, I sort of see that as not loving them enough to help them be a better person.
On the other, you can behave as lovingly as you like, but no amount of controlled behaviour is going to create the feeling for you if it isn't already there.
I guess, you can love without a relationship, you can have a relationship without love, or you can have a loving relationship.
The first is easy, you never have to work at it, but ultimately unrewarding. The second is emotionally safe but unrewarding and hard work. The third is hard, and emotionally painful sometimes, but deeply rewarding on a number of levels.
That's a great way of putting it!
I'm especially interested in this: "On the other, you can behave as lovingly as you like, but no amount of controlled behaviour is going to create the feeling for you if it isn't already there." Yes! I think a lot of times people DO try to create love by going through the motions of being in a relationship, because they care about the other person, or because the other person seems like the sort of person they want to be with, or because they're afraid to be alone, or because they hope that in time they WILL start loving that person–and I think in the end that's a really painful experience. I've never been in quite that situation myself, but when I was younger there were definitely a couple of really cool guys I dated even though I wasn't that into them, hoping that I would BECOME interested in them. And the more I tried, the less interested I was and the worse I felt about it. It's something I love seeing explored in romance, when the heroine will cling to an obviously unfulfilling relationship and resist the hero, because she BELIEVES that the first relationship is what she wants or should want.
I like that poem!
>Then sometimes I think that okay, maybe it was really love, who am I to say that love is only love when it meets my personal standards; but that if you can't treat someone you love right, then it doesn't matter whether you love them or not.
Love is a feeling but it's also action. And it's also not just a state of being, but a process, hard work–it's something that improves itself. Loving somebody means learning them.
I think the Golden Rule has confused a lot of people. If the ultimate moral principle is "do unto others as you would have them do unto YOU," then the only understanding you need is an understanding of yourself. But what I really believe is that while seeing yourself truly is crucial, it's impossible to navigate the world in an ethical way without expanding your point of reference. In other words, if you love somebody you should figure out how THEY want you to treat them, and attempt that.
So if you feel love for someone, okay, but that's not going to suffice in a long-term relationship with them unless you make a point of studying them, of listening to them, and of figuring out how they want to be loved.
It's the difference between a guy buying his wife diamonds because the commercials said this is how women know they are loved, and buying tickets to Wiscon because he knows from hours of conversation and watching her read Joanna Russ that what she really likes is feminist science fiction. Or, on the other hand, the difference between the clod and the pebble, who think that in love one partner has to subsume him/herself into the other, and a relationship in which everyone is a full person with agency, opinions, and preferences, and the other recognizes and respects this.
Well, that was long.
(To answer your question in the Clod and Pebble thread, my best friend is Ben Bagley.)
Yes! I agree completely, especially this:
This is something I've been thinking about–I think one of the hardest parts of any relationship is learning to communicate (and ESPECIALLY to communicate affection and appreciation) in a way that works for the other person. It is really easy to be hurt by another person's behavior because you're interpreting it by your own lights ("If I did that, it would mean I was angry" or "If I did that, it would mean I wanted to be alone" or whatever), and it's really easy to hurt someone else because you're communicating in a way that would make sense to YOU, without thinking about how they might react differently. And in my experience it is really, really difficult to rewire those things, no matter how tiny they are.
Say hi to Ben for me!
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Trails is a versatile blend in teal and periwinkle tones.
FrittyBits™ are made entirely from 104 COE glass, so you can use as much as you like in your glass designs, provided the glass you are designing with is also 104 COE.
This recipe was originally developed and sold by GG Glass. Photos and sample beads by Melanie Graham except where otherwise noted.
The frit will be shipped to you in a small, sturdy plastic zippy bag.


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The Unofficial Guides 〉 Walt Disney World 〉 Splash Zones at Walt Disney World
Splash Zones—The New Norm at Walt Disney World Resorts
Liliane Opsomer, coauthor of The Unofficial Guide to Walt Disney World, shares her favorite splash zones. Walt Disney World resorts offer some of the most imaginative swimming facilities that you are likely to encounter anywhere. Exotically themed, beautifully landscaped, and equipped with slides, fountains, and smaller pools for toddlers, Disney resort swimming complexes are a quantum leap removed from the typical rectangular hotel pool. Some resorts, such as the Grand Floridian and the Polynesian, even offer a sand beach on Seven Seas Lagoon in addition to swimming pools. Others, such as the Caribbean Beach and Port Orleans Resorts, have elaborately themed playgrounds near their swimming areas.
But the latest craze are the elaborate splash zones for little tykes. These water attractions geared toward little children are perfect for non-swimmers, as the water drains right away into the ground. In addition, the splash pads, most of the time, are soft and cushioned to avoid injuries. I love the splash zones and really think they provide lots of fun for the kids while giving parents a greater peace of mind.
Check Out the Best Splash Zones at Walt Disney World
This splash zone is found at Animal Kingdom Lodge—Kidani Village.
At the Alice in Wonderland-themed splash area at Disney's Grand Floridian Resort, teapots, teacups, and the Mad Hatter's famous hat dump water on little guests.
Disney's Caribbean Beach Resort has a lovely pirate-themed splash zone
Aquatic creatures are in the splash area at the new Big Blue Pool at Disney's Art of Animation Resort.
The Polynesian Resort has a Polynesian-themed splash zone, of course.
My favorite is the brand-new splash pool at Port Orleans French Quarter.
Kiddos can cool off at several splash pads at Epcot and two at Disney Springs. The most elaborate one is found at the Casey Jr. Splash 'N' Soak Station in the Storybook Circus section of Fantasyland.
The splash pads in the parks and at Disney Springs are great places for kids to let off steam. Make sure you plan ahead, though: Bring towels and a change of clothes. Most importantly, make sure that the shoes stay dry. It's no fun to walk in wet sneakers through the theme parks, and there is no better recipe for blisters.
For more tips on visiting Walt Disney World with kids, check out The Unofficial Guide to Walt Disney World with Kids by Bob Sehlinger and Liliane Opsomer, with Len Testa.
Tags: Animal Kingdom Lodge, Art of Animation Resort, Big Blue pool, Disney, Disney Caribbean Beach Resort, Grand Floridian Resort, Kidani Village, Polynesian Resort, Port Orleans French Quarter, Splash Pads, splash zones
Unofficial Guide to the 2020 Taste of Epcot International Festival of the Holidays
Christmas Around World Showcase
Dining Review: Epcot's Chefs de France Prix Fixe Menu Francais
Antarctica: Empire of the Penguin
The 2017 Color Companion to Walt Disney World


When you hire an office cleaning service to clean your office, you can feel confident that they will do a good job for you. One reason that you can expect this is because they personalize their cleaning to your wants and needs. Here are three ways that an office cleaning service customizes your office cleaning.
One way that an office cleaning service customizes your cleaning is by helping you pick the best cleaning schedule for your office. This is something that is important to many office owners because they want to make sure that their office is cleaned at an effective time. You may choose to have your office cleaned before it opens in the morning, or in the evenings. You also choose how often the cleaners come. You may want them to come each night, or you may only want them to come once or twice a week. You could even have them come one night a week and then do a longer cleaning on the weekends. If you just need a one-time type of cleaning, this is also available to you. The decision is yours, which allows you to get exactly what you want.
You also get to choose what cleaning products you would like to be used in your office. You can purchase these products yourself and have the office cleaning service use them, or you can tell them what products you'd like and they can simply incorporate the cost of the cleaning products into your cleaning budget. If you want to go green, they can make sure all of the products are safe for the environment. Also, if you have a certain scent or product that you love, they can make sure that this is used when cleaning your office.
While you likely have a regular cleaning that the office cleaning service does for you, this doesn't mean that you can't request a specialized cleaning from time to time. For example, if you would like your carpets cleaned, the upholstery cleaned, the doors and walls washed, the windows cleaned, etc., you can simply schedule an additional cleaning time to have all of this done. This makes it easy for you to keep your office looking great at all times.
An office cleaning service personalizes your cleaning services by allowing you to create the schedule, using the cleaning products that you request, and allowing you to have specialty cleaning services when you need them.


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ESA Biosciences Gets $500K From NIH to Develop Metabolomics Platform
NEW YORK, March 24 (GenomeWeb News) - The US National Institutes of Heath has awarded Chelmsford, Mass.-based ESA Biosciences $538,619 to support the development of technologies to study metabolomics, GenomeWeb News has learned.
The grant, named "Integrating Lcec/Lcm in a Single Metabolomics Platform," was awarded to the company as part of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research initiative, the company said in a statement.
"We will work toward developing a rugged platform that will incorporate both MS and EC detection in parallel, communicating with each other, to produce results that individually would not be possible," Ian Acworth, ESA vice president of HPLC products and services, said in the statement. The research will also incorporate ESA's new, breakthrough HPLC detection technology, the Corona Charged Aerosol Detector, the company added.
The company will conduct its research in collaboration with Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Applied Biosystems/MDS SCIEX, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Cornell University Medical School, MassachusettsCollege of Pharmacy, BostonUniversityMedicalSchool, and Burke Medical Research Institute, ESA said.


The Queen of the Jungle is having a jungle soiree and has personally invited you to join in on all the fun. Click here to play!
Celebrate with this crazy queen and you could leave with a pocket full of green.
Mingling is the name of this game, so start spinning the reels to meet all of the guests, including the queen herself. Spin in three or more of this striking royal beauty and you'll pick up a payout worth up to 1,500 times your line bet. There's also a hunky Tarzan type that will payout up to 1,000 times your line bet if you happen to say hello. Also keep your eyes out for refreshments and monkeys. The fruit will payout up to 750 times your line bet, while the latter will trigger a second screen bonus game in which you could win even more in cash prizes. There's also a potent coconut cocktail that ensures a fantastic time. Three or more of these drinks will not only multiply your total bet, but they will also trigger a number of free spins.
So, party it up as the queen's personal guest in this jungle themed slot and you could end up winning quite a bit of cash.
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The Queen of the Jungle logo is a substitute. It will replace all others, excluding scatters and bonuses, to help you bring in more wins. It will also payout up to 3000 times your line bet if you can spin three or more across an active payline.
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ROGUE ONE: A STAR WARS STORY (2016) MOVIE NEWS & REVIEW
rogue one: a star wars story (2016) movie
Genre | Science Fiction
Released | 15 December 2016
Felicity Jones ... Jyn Erso
Diego Luna ... Cassian Andor
Alan Tudyk ... K-2SO
Donnie Yen ... Chirrut Îmwe
Wen Jiang ... Baze Malbus
Ben Mendelsohn ... Orson Krennic
Forest Whitaker ... Saw Gerrera
Riz Ahmed ... Bodhi Rook
Mads Mikkelsen ... Galen Erso
Gareth Edwards
Chris Weitz ... (screenplay by) and
Tony Gilroy ... (screenplay by)
John Knoll ... (story by) and
Gary Whitta ... (story by)
George Lucas ... (based on characters created by)
Michael Giacchino
Greig Fraser
Worldwide $1,056,057,273
Australia $37,481,197
North America $532,177,324
Chirrut Îmwe: I'm one with the Force, and the Force is with me.
Darth Vader: [while using the Force choke to strangle Krennic] Be careful not to choke on your aspirations, Director.
Jyn Erso: We have hope. Rebellions are built on hope!
things to spend money on ...
buy this movie for just $8.99 + free shipping within australia on ebay
ROGUE ONE: A STAR WARS STORY (2016) MOVIE IMAGES
ROGUE ONE: A STAR WARS STORY (2016) STORY SYNOPSIS
Former scientist Galen Erso lives on a farm with his wife and young daughter, Jyn. His peaceful existence comes crashing down when the evil Orson Krennic takes him away from his beloved family. Many years later, Galen becomes the Empire's lead engineer for the most powerful weapon in the galaxy, the Death Star. Knowing that her father holds the key to its destruction, Jyn joins forces with a spy and other resistance fighters to steal the space station's plans for the Rebel Alliance.
ROGUE ONE: A STAR WARS STORY (2016) MOVIE REVIEW
Reviewed by Mark Geraghty | Review date 14 December 2016
Pop Movee Rating ⭐⭐⭐⭐½
It's fair to say that Gareth Edwards' Rogue One: A Star Wars Story has less audience expectation than Star Wars: The Force Awakens did at this same time last year. Where The Force Awakens was seen as a bridge to a new generation of characters, simultaneously incorporating fan favourites from the original trilogy, Rogue One expands the scope of A New Hope by providing important backstory to the 1977 film that only true Star Wars fans could have previously contemplated in their mind's eye prior to the release of this new film. Opinion will divide into two camps on Rogue One. There will be casual moviegoers and not-so-diehard fans who will think it's a pretty good adventure that puts the 'War' in 'Star Wars'. Then, there will be the Star Wars fans, who, like the Galactic Senate of the prequel trilogy, will debate endlessly about the pros and cons of Rogue One in an effort to determine whether this is the best Star Wars film that has been made. Either way, Rogue One does not disappoint!
The film, written by Chris Weitz and Bourne series scribe Tony Gilroy (with story credit going to ILM visual effects supervisor John Knoll and Gary Whitta), kicks off in a different fashion to the trilogy films, eschewing the traditional screen crawl that has become a trademark of the Star Wars franchise, introducing key characters in a prologue sequence that demonstrates the much harder edge Director Gareth Edwards brings to the galaxy far, far away. The First Act moves quickly from planet to planet, assembling the key characters around Jyn Erso (Felicity Jones), Rogue One's central protagonist. Along the way, there's just enough in-house references to both the Original and Prequel Trilogy films to make fans smile and nod without the story becoming a slave to the nearly 40 years of Star Wars lore. By the time Rogue One gets to its Second Act, the action has been ramped up to levels beyond anything previously seen in a Star Wars film. Two stand-out set pieces not only capture the action but also the emotion of the characters and, in Gareth Edwards' Star Wars universe, even the film's heroes are flawed and, at times, violently opposed to each other.
While comparisons between Daisy Ridley and Felicity Jones are bound to be made, Jones is a very different kind of heroine. Where Rey's story is about destiny, Jyn Erso's story is more about fate. Jones is certainly no slouch in the action stakes and she more than matches Diego Luna's Cassian Andor, with whom she spends the majority of time throughout the film. Luna's Andor is not your classic heroic support either. Very early in the story it's made clear that he's a dangerous man and has a very low level of trust in everyone. Other standouts include Donnie Yen as the blind Force-sensitive Guardian of the Whills, Chirrut Imwe. The characters that Yen and Wen Yiang play are a wonderful, subtle nod to The Journal of the Whills, the story that George Lucas set out to tell, and morphed into Star Wars, back in the early 1970s. However, without doubt, the new audience favourite will be Alan Tudyk's reprogrammed Imperial droid, K-2SO. Tudyk voices K-2 as a droll, sardonic mechanoid who gets all of the best lines in the film!
It's easy to underestimate the technical wizardry on show in Rogue One as audiences have to come to expect so much from Star Wars films in terms of their visual impact. For the first time since The Empire Strikes Back, the physical effects are as important as the visual effects with the multiple ground battle sequences between the Imperial and Rebel forces bringing the action as close to the audience as it has ever been in a Star Wars movie. A great deal of credit for this goes to Australian Director of Photography Greig Fraser, whose experience on films like Kathryn Bigelow's Zero Dark Thirty and Snow White and the Huntsman proved his ability to capture big effects action with intense, gritty reality. Rogue One proves that a prequel, when thought-through and told as a self-contained story, can succeed without lapsing into the self-referential, back-filling territory of the George Lucas prequel films. Whether you're a casual movie-goer with a passing interest in the Star Wars films or a died-in-the-wool, hardcore fan, Rogue One IS the prequel you've been looking for!


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Visualizing Missions: The power of the image in promoting foreign missions
Mission History, Missionaries
University of Southern California doctoral candidate April Makgoeng researching the National Council of Churches records in the reading room.
--by April Chabries Makgoeng
The abundance of mission-related events and materials disseminated throughout the United States and Canada meant that many North American Protestants had some exposure to foreign missions during the first half of the twentieth century. "Protestant missionaries," according to historian William Hutchison, "were the chief interpreters of remote cultures for the people at home, and as such played a central role in the shaping of American public attitudes."[1] One of the primary avenues for this influence was the Missionary Education Movement of the United States and Canada (MEM) supported by Protestant mission boards.[2] This organization's ambiguous name refers to the promotion of missions within the home churches. Missionary advocates believed that educating lay people in the aims and activities of world missions would "inevitably result in larger and more regular giving." [3]
My research at the Presbyterian Historical Society focuses on the visual materials produced by the MEM with an emphasis on the production, distribution and reception of educational films about overseas missions. These valuable but understudied resources provide a vehicle for understanding mainline Protestant perceptions and portrayals of missionaries and the non-Western world. The Presbyterian Historical Society offers a valuable service in preserving these rare visuals along with the supporting archival documentation.
The Beginnings of Missionary Education
Initiated in 1886, the nondenominational Student Volunteer Movement of the United States and Canada (SVM) brought a renewed momentum to the overseas evangelical endeavor begun in 1806 by Protestant students at Williams College. The SVM's recruitment campaign, underscored with the watchword "the evangelization of the world in this generation," was so successful that the number of applicants quickly outpaced the budgets of foreign mission boards. In response, Protestant leaders organized the interdenominational Young People's Missionary Movement (YPMM) in 1902 with the motto "study, pray, give."[4] In consultation with representatives from the denominational mission boards, this organization offered course materials and teacher training for mission study classes offered by local churches, mission societies, and summer conferences.
"The Seven Year Plan, 1917-18." This poster highlights the missionary education motto and the foreign mission study themes chosen for a seven year period. Published by the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. Board of World Missions Poster Collection, B.3.7. [Pearl ID: 183317]
Visuals in Missionary Education
By the time the YPMM was organized at the turn of the twentieth century, the power of the eye as an opening to parishioners' hearts had been firmly established in the minds of mission promoters.[5] Specifically, nineteenth-century Protestant leaders recommended maps as a way to arouse the attention of apathetic audiences.
The Movement continued this visual tradition in the twentieth century by producing a variety of map types, from general reference to missionary themes, in multiple formats from wall maps to individual maps for home use. The earliest maps printed by the YPMM were featured in study books. One notable example in the PHS collection is S. Earl Taylor's The Price of Africa (1902). The maps in this book include a colorful insert map of Africa, a "railroad, cable, and steamship map of Africa," and five handdrawn maps depicting missionary journeys including three for David Livingstone.[6]
Map of Livingstone's first missionary trip from S. Earl Taylor's The Price of Africa (Boston: United Society of Christian Endeavor, 1902) BV 3503 .T39 1902
According to the accompanying biographical text of Livingstone, reporter Henry M. Stanley had observed: "If you look at the illustration of [Livingstone's] route, you will see that it is the rude figure of the cross."[7] Thus, maps used in missionary education not only imparted geographical knowledge, but were at times endowed with spiritual symbolism and significance.
In 1911, the Movement's board changed the organization's name to the Missionary Education Movement (MEM) to emphasize the organization's primary objective and to reflect its growing audience. That same year, the Movement sponsored the World in Boston Missionary Exposition with a record-setting attendance of approximately 400,000, followed by the World in Cincinnati and the World in Baltimore in 1912 and the World in Chicago in 1913.[8] Exposition promoters underscored that "seeing is believing," and claimed that even skeptical attendees would be convinced of "Christianizing the world."[9] A photograph of the Department of Missionary Education at the World in Baltimore shows the prominence of study books, but also a sampling of charts and a large wall map of the middle east.
Photograph of the Mission Education Department (managed by the MEM) at the World in Baltimore 1912, NCC Records, Archives 84 0202 Box 56. [Pearl ID: 183315]
Audiences were hungry for images of the non-Western world and the Movement responded in the 1910s by expanding its pictorial offerings. Beyond the annual staple of study books and maps, MEM catalogues in the Society's collection advertised posters, portable missionary exhibits, costumes, curios, flags, dramatic scripts, photographs, lantern slides, lithographs, and stereopticon lectures. Stereopticon lectures and pictures were in such demand that the department proudly publicized its ability to be self-supporting.[10]
Sampling of stereopticon lecture pamphlets. NCC Missionary Education Movement Records, NCC RG 20, Box 6, Folder 21.
MEM reception room exhibit with books, pamphlets, wall charts, and cases filled with stereopticon lecture slide sets, circa 1912. NCC Records, Archives 84 0202 Box 56. [Pearl ID: 183316]
After the Great Depression, funding for foreign missions declined causing mission boards to search for new ways to recapture parishioners' interest. In 1935, the Movement collaborated with the nonprofit Harmon Foundation on the first motion picture designed to supplement the annual foreign mission study theme. Emory Ross, author of the upcoming study book Out of Africa (1936), supervised the production of the silent film Africa Joins the World (1936).[11] A sample mission study poster from the PHS collection, "What do you know about Africa?" (1936), recommends motion pictures from the Harmon Foundation, as well as material from the MEM and denominational resources produced by the Presbyterian Church, U.S.A.
"What do you know about Africa?" highlights the variety of study materials available in 1936, published by the Executive Committee of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S. Board of World Missions Poster Collection, B.3.7. [Pearl ID: 183318]
The pinnacle of foreign mission films came with the organization of the Protestant Film Commission in 1945. The Harmon Foundation and the MEM numbered among the thirteen interdenominational agencies supporting the organization along with seventeen mainline and evangelical denominations.[12] The first films produced by the Film Commission all supported the Protestant mission study curriculum including Beyond Our Own (1947), My Name is Han (1948), Oscar-nominated Kenji Comes Home (1949), and South of the Clouds (1950).
With the exception of the premiere film, these motion pictures were filmed on location with nonactors in an effort to depict situations and people "as they really are."[13] The plots centered on indigenousness Christians converting family members and friends with the help of Protestant schools, clinics, and agricultural programs. The films received critical acclaim, theatrical premiers, and television distribution in their time.
In 1950 the Protestant Film Commission and the Missionary Education Movement merged with the National Council of Churches to become the Broadcasting and Film Commission (BFC) and the Joint Commission on Missionary Education. The BFC continued producing films to support the annual foreign and home mission study curriculum, but without the fanfare and critical attention of the first films.
Although largely forgotten by today's audiences and overlooked by film scholars, the motion pictures sponsored by the Movement are an important resource for understanding the evolving Protestant-American perspectives on missions, non-Western cultures, and non-Christian religions. By examining these films, alongside the other visuals, printed materials, and archives of the MEM, scholars can begin to piece together how mission boards attempted to influence Protestant-American attitudes and donations through their twentieth-century promotional campaigns.
-- April is currently a Christian Studies doctoral student at the School of Religion, University of Southern California. Previously, she worked for National Geographic Television in Washington D.C. where she produced hundreds of hours of television over a period of seven years. Her research interests within religion include media studies, mission studies, cultural studies, as well as race, ethnicity and gender studies.
[1] William Hutchison, Errand to the World (University of Chicago Press, 1993) 1.
[2] The mission boards supporting the Movement changed over the years, but for the most part included the denominations participating in the Federal Council of Churches and National Council of Churches.
[3] Frank W. Price, "Missionary Education: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow," Occasional Bulletin 7, no. 6 (July 6, 1956): 1; Opinions of Pastors Concerning Mission Study (New York City: Young People's Missionary Movement, 1910) 10.
[4] Charles V. Vickrey, The Young People's Missionary Movement (New York: YPMM, 1906) 12. The motto had been used previously by the Canadian Young People's Forward Movement for Missions, see Frederick C. Stephenson, Pray, Study Give (Toronto: W. Briggs, 1897).
[5] American Sunday-School Union, Missionary Manual: A Sketch of the History and Present State of Christian Missions to the Heathen (Philadelphia: American Sunday-School Union, 1839); American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, On the Use of Missionary Maps at the Monthly Concert, (Boston: Crocker & Brewster, 1842) 5-12.
[6] S. Earl Taylor, The Price of Africa, Boston: United Society of Christian Endeavor, 1902) 13. The YPMM took over the Forward book series from the United Society of Christian Endeavor and the Epworth League in 1903.
[7] Ibid., 85.
[8] Erin L. Hasinoff, Faith In Objects, 2018, p. 8.
[9] Theodore G. Soares, editor, The World in Chicago Herald (Chicago: The World in Chicago, 1912) 2.
[10] Harry Wade Hicks, Missionary Education and Church Efficiency: Report of the Missionary Education Movement of the United States and Canada, December 1, 1912 to November 30, 1913 (New York: MEM, 1914) 12.
[11] William L. Rogers, producer, African Joins the World, New York: Harmon Foundation, 1936. The film included three reels: What Africa Is, How Africa Lives, and From Fetishes and Faith.
[12] "Complete First in Movie Series for Protestants," Chicago Daily Tribune (29 Oct 1947) 30. Archival material NCC RG 18, 17, 13 and NCC RG 16, 3, 31
[13] William L. Rogers and Paul H. Vieth, Visual Aids in the Church (Philadelphia: Christian Education Press, 1946) 108.


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Book and Documentary
Susan Dlouhy
Patty Mitchell
Susan Dlouhy is the Chief Executive Officer of Creative Abundance Consulting. She has worked for more than 35 years in a variety of administrative and executive roles supporting people with disabilities. She served as the director of two non-profit agencies in Ohio and has consulted with organizations in more than 20 states. She is currently the Operations Director for Passion Works Studio in Athens, Ohio.
Susan Dlouhy worked as the administrator for a statewide association for twelve years, where she developed training and provided technical assistance to sheltered workshops and day programs across Ohio. She was also a Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities surveyor for more than 25 years.
She is the Managing Director of Norwich Consulting Services, which provides technical assistance and training in the areas of community employment, strategic planning, and executive leadership mentoring. She has served as the interim director for numerous organizations and has helped transform programming to the Creative Abundance Model. Susan Dlouhy obtained her Bachelor's Degree from Kent State University and her Master's Degree in Rehabilitation Counseling from The Ohio State University.
Patty Mitchell is a Senior Artistic Consultant for Creative Abundance Consulting. She has worked for more than 25 years as an artist and social innovator, specializing in collaborations between artists with and without perceived differences. She founded one of the first collaborative art studios in the country in 1998 - Passion Works Studio in Athens, OH (www.passionworks.org) After a ten-year hiatus, she recently returned as the CEO/Executive Director.
Patty Mitchell received a Distinguished Alumna Award from Ohio University's College of Fine Art. In 2010, she received an Ohioana Citation for Art and Education, which recognizes outstanding Ohioans in a variety of fields. She has also received an Individual Artist Award from the Ohio Arts Council, Citizen of the Year from Athens Civitan, and The Keystone Award from Ohio University for outstanding community service. Patty Mitchell received her BFA and MFA from Ohio University's Fine Art Photography program. She is currently a Community Fellow at Ohio University with the Barbara Geralds Storytelling Institute.
Tina Kelsey
Tina is a Creative Consultant for Creative Abundance Consulting. She also makes textile products for Passion Works Studio in Athens, Ohio using the designs of the artists.
"First of all, I am not now, nor have I ever been a princess. Princesses sit around and look pretty, We all know who does all the work...the Queen. I am the Queen of my own little world, and I like it just fine.
I live in Athens, Ohio. I not only clean my own house, but mow the grass and plumb the pipes as well. The neighbors have grown accustom to seeing me getting the mail or mowing while sporting a fine tiara. (well maybe not grown accustom, but they have stopped staring.)
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I have been designing and making tiaras for 12 years. The first ones as holiday presents for my Diva girlfriends. Well, the Divas squealed with delight and proceeded to wear them everywhere. Their friends saw them, liked them and the rest is history."
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Maybe losing weight sends a picture of salads (no dressing) and raw carrot sticks.
Perhaps weight loss sends you into a nervous sweat when thinking about the gym.
Im here to change all of that! I eat pizza and drink beer every weekend.
I'm building my dream, skinny jeans-ready body too.
To truly lose weight we must adjust our lifestyle. No amount of starvation and deprivation will create lifelong change. That quick no carb, no chocolate diet will last a couple of weeks at best. It will also create a terrible relationship with food. Instead, I've learned how to eat all of the foods I want and still lose weight. Finally, no calorie counting, no elimination diets, no grumpiness.
Here's how eat what you want and still lose weight.
85% of weight loss happens with changes in nutrition.
When I get all 4 servings of veggies in something amazing happens. I feel better. I stay full longer. It makes sure I'm getting essential nutrients.
Even better? I have zero guilt about indulging in that pizza and beer on Friday when I know I've had an amazing and healthy day.
How? I add spinach to my morning TrimShake. I have 2 greens at lunch. Finally, I meal prep veggies for dinner. There are endless ways to get them in daily. Message me for more ideas!
Adding in fruits is essential also! I aim for 4 veggies and 3 fruits a day.
I keep a giant Yeti cup with water and lemon essential oil filled at all times. It's a great flavor AND a great source of antioxidants.
So, flush those toxins, hydrate your body, and use a little self care with water.
Growing up, my family used to say your body needs fuel. It's so true! People who do super low calorie and starvation diets actually hinder healthy weight loss. The body needs protein, carbs, and yes even fat. Without it, the body can't build lean muscle and burn fat properly.
I was tired of yo-yo starvation diets that made me feel guilty. Instead, I found that eating six small meals (now, don't have McDonald's 6 times a day) gave my body constant fuel and nutrition it craved.
It makes me drop weight like no ones business!
Find what works for you, we're all unique!
At the end of the day, once I hit my gym goals and my nutrition goals, I comfortably indulge in my favorite foods without guilt. No one should live with guilt over food. In all honesty, every food has a certain place in any diet. It's all about learning to get the right combinations and exercising along the way.
I help women with health challenges create confidence to rock those skinny jeans while eating pizza and beer by learning how to workout and eat on their own terms. If you feel stuck or are ready to get into those skinny jeans, send me a message or DM. I share tips daily on Instagram. Let's follow each other and cheer each other on!
Loren is a wellness advocate, a Special Education Teacher, a recent newlywed, and a hospice volunteer. Hiking, tea, visiting local breweries with her husband, photography, chocolate, and reading, are some of her favorites.
Be sure to follow the blog and connect with me on Instagram and Facebook for daily tips and inspo!
Raise your hand if you eat a perfectly balanced diet with ideal nutrients. How about the perfect amount of exercise? Anyone? No?
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My name is Loren and I'm passionate about empowering you to thrive! Thanks for stopping by my blog.
I have Mitochondrial Disease and Dysautonomia. This basically means that I have a bad immune system and extremely low energy among other issues. Until 3 years ago it totally dictated my limitations… and I was sick and tired and feeling sick and tired.
I decided enough was enough and started using natural options to provide further support and balance. Now, I was super skeptical. I'm a Type-A person, and like to have all of the science and facts to back up claims. Once I finally gave the natural options a try…WOW.


A handful of wisdom to start your week, every Monday.
"Fall in Love with the Boy Your Parents Warned You About."
"Art is a Good Thing to Do When…"
You are currently browsing the The Spaces Between Your Fingers blog archives for November, 2011.


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The Lexus ES is one of the company's oldest nameplates – it has been around since 1989. Now in its sixth-generation, the front-wheel-drive full-size luxury sedan represents a welcome alternative to rear-wheel drive, performance-focused competitors from Germany and even from Lexus' backyard – we're talking about the GS. The ES is all about comfort: it offers a cushy ride, a spacious and silent cabin as well as luxurious equipment and trim. Essentially, it's a luxed-up Toyota Avalon, with which it shares the platform. Sold in North America and China but not in Europe or Japan, the ES has received both styling and equipment updates for the 2016 model year.
Lexus offers two powertrains in the United States for the 2016 ES. The base 3.5-liter V6 gasoline engine delivers 268 hp and 248 lb-ft of torque, while the ES 300h hybrid pairs a 2.5-liter four-cylinder gasoline engine with an electric motor and battery pack for a total system output of 200 hp. Mated to a six-speed automatic transmission, the V6 engine is very smooth and well-mannered. It also packs plenty of punch, with the 0-60 mph sprint taking 7.1 seconds. The ES 300h hybrid focuses on fuel economy, but remains reasonably quick, completing the 0-60 mph sprint in 8.1 seconds. Mated to a CVT, the hybrid can run on electric power alone for short distances. In addition to the ES 300h, China also gets the ES 200t 2.0-liter turbo four-cylinder engine.
The Lexus ES is built to deliver a comfortable and refined ride rather than catering to the tastes of sporty drivers. The ES is not the best-handling sedan in its class, as RWD competitors from Germany and elsewhere are much better. However, it offers a decent balance between comfort and handling accuracy. Through turns, the ES' steering feels a little light in "Normal" mode, but steering effort increases in "Sport" mode, slightly improving the experience. While some rivals such as the Acura TLX and Hyundai Genesis offer optional all-wheel drive, the Lexus ES is only available in a front-wheel drive configuration.
The sixth-generation Lexus ES is a very safe vehicle. The full-size luxury sedan has been crash-tested in the United States by the NHTSA, which gave it a maximum five-star overall rating. The government-run organization awarded the ES five stars for frontal crash, five stars for side crash, and four stars for rollover. The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) also assessed the ES, with the organization giving the 2016 ES the "Top Safety Pick+" rating. That's because the Japanese sedan gained maximum "Good" ratings for small and moderate overlap front impacts, side impact, roof strength, as well as head restraints & seats.
There aren't many alternatives within the ES' price range that deliver similar levels of comfort and ride quality. The suspension quietly and nicely absorbs road imperfections, though passengers aren't completely isolated from bumps. The cabin is remarkably quiet and minimal noise reaches the occupants' ears – whether it's coming from the road, wind or engine. The seats are comfortable for four adult passengers, and the controls are intuitive and easy to use. There's nothing really to criticize about the ES when it comes to comfort.
Quality is another chapter where the ES leaves little to be desired. The cabin packs upscale materials and the precise fit and finish we've come to expect from a Lexus. The interior has a high-tech vibe that is only interrupted by the stylish analog clock placed in the center of the dashboard. For the 2016 model year, Lexus has introduced a redesigned steering wheel, new colors and trim, as well as a 4.2-inch TFT screen between the instruments. Whether with the standard perforated vinyl upholstery or the optional leather, the ES' build quality is top notch.
There's plenty of space for four adult passengers in the Lexus ES. The rear seat can accommodate three people if needed, but the passenger sitting in the middle will not be very comfortable during long-distance trips. Legroom for rear seat passengers is very impressive, though. Headroom is good as well, but occupants 6-foot tall and above will touch the roof with their heads in models equipped with the optional panoramic sunroof. The trunk is average-sized, offering 15.2 cubic feet of space. A drawback is the fact that the rear seats do not fold down – they only offer a pass-through that is useful when carrying longer items.
The 2016 Lexus ES features the Display Audio interface as standard. The infotainment system includes a 7-inch touchscreen and a control knob. Bluetooth phone and audio connectivity, Siri Eyes Free, an 8-speaker sound system with CD player, satellite radio, HD radio, an auxiliary audio jack, and an iPod/USB audio interface are also standard. The optional Navigation package adds a larger 8-inch touchscreen, the mouse-like Remote Touch interface (distracting to use while on the move), a navigation system, voice controls and enhanced Bluetooth connectivity, among other features.
The 2016 Lexus ES 300h is the most economical engine in the U.S. lineup, with an EPA rating of 40 mpg combined (40 mpg city/39 mpg highway). The fact that the ES 300h can also run solely on electricity at lower speeds obviously contributes to its efficiency. However, some reviewers and users complain that the ES 300h fuel economy ratings are exaggerated. The V6-powered ES 350 burns more fuel than the ES 300h, with a 24 mpg combined rating (21 mpg city/31 mpg highway).
Standard equipment is likely to satisfy most customers. The ES 350 comes fitted as standard with 17-inch alloy wheels, LED headlights, DRLs and fog lights, cruise control, dual-zone automatic climate control, 8-way power front seats, a rearview camera, and a sunroof, among other things we've mentioned earlier. The ES 300h adds automatic LED headlights, LED taillights, and three selectable driving modes (Eco/Normal, EV, and Sport). There are no trim levels, but customers can choose many individual options and packages including the Navigation package and Premium package.
The base 2016 Lexus ES 350 starts at $38,000 in the United States (excluding destination). The only Lexus sedan that's more affordable is the IS, by just under $700. The ES 350 matches the 2016 Hyundai Genesis on pricing but is about $2,700 more expensive than the more technologically-advanced 2016 Acura TLX 3.5. The 2016 ES 300h costs from $40,920 (excluding destination). Still, the Lexus ES holds its value better over years than the two rivals and has a better reliability record.


Hendrick Motorsports was once again named as the most valuable team in NASCAR with an estimated value of $325 million, down seven percent from last year, according to the 2018 annual ranking released by Forbes.
Hendrick fields four full-time racing teams on the Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series circuit: Alex Bowman (No. 88), William Byron (No. 24), Chase Elliott (No. 9), and Jimmie Johnson (No. 48). They have won 12 Cup series titles and collected 249 career victories.
According to Forbes, Joe Gibbs Racing is the second most valuable team at $220 million. Stewart-Haas Racing is ranked third at $175 million. Rounding out the top five are Richard Childress Racing coming in at No. 4, and Team Penske at No. 5.
Team Penske expanded operations this year, becoming a three-car outfit by adding the new No. 12 car driven by Ryan Blaney.
The top eight NASCAR teams are now worth an average $158 million, down two percent from last year, according to Forbes. They say this decrease in value can be attributed to an "increasingly worrying lack of TV viewership coupled with a general investment pullback from sponsors and team owners."