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Don't let poor recycling decisions damage your reputation
John Chillingworth of Lucion Marine warns ship and rig owners of the risks to brand reputation by taking the wrong recycling decisions.
A trusted reputation and positive brand recognition are the cornerstones of success for any business, but in today's environmentally aware marine industry a critical news report or an unfavourable 'tweet' can undo years of good work in seconds.
For those vessel operators or rig owners who get recycling wrong, problems can escalate, with rumour and unfavourable reporting reaching regulators, customers and stakeholders very quickly, invariably leading to a severe impact on corporate trust and integrity.
Such considerations are particularly relevant at the moment, with new regulatory deadlines looming to ensure that shipping operators recycle their vessels safely and new emissions standards likely to lead to older and inefficient vessels being scrapped.
Already news reports highlighting dangerous recycling working practices or what are perceived as irresponsible attitudes to environmental issues are appearing regularly across the international press and maritime trade media. Recovering from such setbacks can be both expensive and time-consuming.
Reports like these show that organisational behaviour and corporate social responsibility in the marine industry are now under greater scrutiny than ever among an environmentally aware public. As well as reputational damage there can also be financial penalties with growing calls for shipowners and managers to be made liable for the workplace deaths and accidents that unfortunately take place every year on the shipbreaking beaches and yards of Bangladesh, India and Pakistan.
In the circumstances, it is more important than ever that responsible fleet managers, ship operators and rig owners take sensible and environmentally acceptable decisions whenever a vessel reaches the end of its working life.
To help them do so Lucion Marine's specialist consultants have earned a worldwide reputation in the field of ship recycling and hazardous materials management in keeping with the Hong Kong Convention and EU regulations for the recycling of maritime vessels.
For example, the company has been specially appointed to provide support activities to the European Commission on the EU Ship Recycling Regulation (Regulation No 1257/2013). As part of this role Lucion is one of only two organisations retained by the EU Commission to approve and verify worldwide recycling yards for inclusion on the EU approved ship recycling register.
In addition, the company's specialist team has widespread expertise in preparing an Inventory of Hazardous Materials (IHM) for all types of vessels.
Lucion also has the ability and the resources to work directly with the recycling yards to prepare a safe vessel recycling plan and then audit the shipbreaking facilities to ensure that all procedures are in keeping with the required international standards.
At the end of the process, this essential advisory role also extends to providing the owner with an approved certificate of completion with a full audit report of the recycle process, documenting the safe disposal of hazardous materials.
Environmental issues, sustainable business practices and safe working conditions are now at the centre of the international marine industry's regulatory focus. As a result, in this often complex and online connected world, for those ship and rig operators who make the wrong recycling decisions, the risks to corporate image and reputation could be catastrophic.
Lucion Marine to Advise on IHMS at International Marine Forum
LUCION REPRESENTING THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION
You've Had Your IHM And Discovered Asbestos Aboard Your Ship. What's Next?


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Lindsey Graham's Pathetic Attempt to Spin Trump's Racism
Here's a fun attempt to spin Donald Trump's racism from die hard presidential kiss-ass Sen. Lindsey Graham:
I really do believe that if you're a Somali refugee who likes Trump, he's not going to say 'go back to Somalia.' A racist says go back to Somalia because you're a Somalian or you're a Muslim or whatever, that's just the way he is. More narcissism than anything else.
This British Politician Yelling BE A GOOD BOY Officially Broke My Brain
Joe Biden Is Now Making Up Total Fiction About His Iraq War Vote
Graham's insight, shared on Twitter Wednesday by producers for both NBC and Fox News, was ostensibly intended to be a defense of the president, after Trump's deeply racist attacks on the so-called "Squad" this week.
Graham is telling an obvious truth about Trump, which is that possibly the only force stronger than the president's love of bigotry is his pathological need for praise. Race (and sexual orientation, gender identity, and religion) has always been a token for Trump, through which he both is able to lump people into broad groups based on his own lazy stereotypes, while at the same time hold them up as exemplars of his own sense of self-worth. Every time Trump rattles off minority employment numbers it's solely to make the point that he should be lauded.
But my god is that beside the point, and Graham's attempt to repackage Trump's obvious, virulent racism as merely a product of his self-love is both pathetic and disturbing. He is lying through his teeth when he says Trump isn't racist—he most definitely is. Is he a narcissist too? Absolutely! Are they as mutually exclusive as Graham would have us believe? C'mon.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


After a well deserved mid-term break, the children came back ready to wrap up the month of October with much excitement and anticipation for our well-loved Annual Costume / Pyjama Party. We spent the morning admiring each other's attire and doing fun Halloween art. We decorated our treat bags which were filled with lovely treats from our friends. Ms. Nicky and Ms. Krista got dressed up in the spirit of our forthcoming holiday, Christmas!
We then began November with our first in-depth look at our continent of focus: Africa. We enjoyed learning all of the interesting facts about the second biggest continent. Did you know that not only is Africa the second most populous continent in the world, with over one billion people, but it is also home to the highest linguistic diversity in the world, with over 1500 different languages? We also learned all about bugs, focusing on the characteristics of insects and their life cycles. We were amazed how many different kinds of weird and wonderful bugs there are on our planet!


Langports English Language College's mission is to provide the best English learning experience to students from around the world. Each year, many students choose to study English in Australia. It has its own multi-level Brisbane, Gold Coast and Sydney campuses with modern facilities, located in the centre of each city. Providing a range of innovative courses, the college offers students the opportunity to learn English, according to their own individual objectives, and uses weekly one-to-one counselling to ensure students are supported on their journey to reach their goals.
Langports offers a choice of innovative & unique courses from beginner to advanced levels. In addition to the courses, it is the people who make college special. The friendly student services team arrange accommodation, and airport pickups, as well as a vast array of social events, ensuring students meet people from all over the world.
The College gives students the opportunity to study in 3 amazing destinations. Whether students would like to experience Australia's vibrant cities or enjoy the laidback beach lifestyle, they have the right option .


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Colleges / Centralia College
Centralia College
Centralia, WA • 4-Year Public
Centralia College FAQ
When is the Centralia College application deadline?
Centralia College has rolling admissions. Colleges with rolling admissions evaluate applications as they are received versus waiting to evaluate all applications after a hard deadline. Schools will continue to evaluate applications until they've filled all the slots for their incoming class.
What is out-of-state tuition for Centralia College?
Out-of-state tuition for Centralia College is $4,691. Tuition for out-of-state students is higher at public universities, because the state government provides some funding for in-state students who attend. Private colleges usually have the same tuition for in-state and out-of-state students.
What is in-state tuition for Centralia College?
In-state tuition for Centralia College is $4,230. Each state defines how students qualify for in-state tuition. For undergraduates who are claimed as dependents on their parents' taxes, where their parents live usually determines eligibility for in-state tuition.
Is Centralia College a public or private school?
Centralia College is a Public school. Public colleges receive some government funding while private schools rely on tuition and endowment for funding. Private schools can have higher tuition, but may also offer more generous financial aid packages than public schools. Public and private schools may also vary in size, environment, and types of majors and instruction offered.
Where exactly is Centralia College located?
Centralia College is located in Centralia, WA, a Small in the 8 part of the United States.
Is Centralia College a 2-year or 4-year school?
Centralia College is a 4-Year college. Most students take 4 years to graduate. Four-year schools typically result in bachelor's degrees. Two-year schools typically result in associate degrees.
Need Advice or Have a Question About Centralia College?


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Faculty member Ralf Gellert is currently the lead scientist for the Alpha-Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) on board the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER). Together with a team of scientists from the Max-Planck Institute in Mainz, the Jet Propulsion Lab and NASA we are performing the daily operations of the instruments on Mars and analyzing the returned data. The APXS is one of the analytical instruments mounted on the rover arm. It measures the chemical composition of rocks and soils with x-ray spectroscopy. Since the successful landing on Mars in January 2004 the rovers Spirit and Opportunity returned more than 100 APXS measurements from each site along their traverse of nearly 5 kilometers. Results of the APXS on both landing sites contributed to the findings of MER that water played a major role during the formation of the encountered rocks and soils. In collaboration with the group of Prof. Iain Campbell we are improving the theoretical model for the data analysis. The APXS uses alpha particles and x-rays from radioactive sources to excite characteristic elemental radiation. The GUPIX package for PIXE (Proton induced X-ray Emission) will be extended to include both of these excitation modes.
John L. (Iain) Campbell
Ralf Gellert
Joanne M. O'Meara
Written by Michael Stuck
The University of Guelph is playing an important role in the exploration of Mars. One of NASA's current missions on Mars, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL), involves the rover known as Curiosity, which features a scientific instrument developed by University of Guelph Professor Ralf Gellert.
The instrument is called the Alpha Particle X-Ray Spectrometer (APXS) and is one of 11 scientific instruments onboard the Curiosity rover. Ralf Gellert is the Principal Investigator for APXS and leads a team of scientists from the University of Guelph, NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and other institutions.
Professor Gellert's involvement with APXS precedes the MSL Mission, dating back to 2001 and his work on the earlier version of the instrument. At the Max-Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany, he worked as the lead engineer for APXS, which was selected for deployment on the Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), named Spirit and Opportunity. Gellert and a small team built the device and developed the calibration and analysis software. Gellert led the MER APXS operations and data analysis from 2005 until Opportunity, the longer standing of the two MER, stopped working in 2017. He also led a successful proposal to NASA for a new APXS for the MSL. In 2005, after the department that Gellert worked in closed, he came to the University of Guelph where he continued his work with the ongoing MER missions and built a lab to develop and test the new version of APXS for Curiosity.
1: Picture of the APXS instrument on the robotic arm of Curiosity.
Curiosity launched in November 2011, equipped with the new APXS model, and successfully landed on the surface of Mars in August 2012. Since Curiosity's landing, the Guelph APXS team has been responsible for the daily operation of the device, collaborating with the scientists operating the other 10 instruments onboard Curiosity to determine what to do next. Gellert explains, "Each day, we are discussing with the whole science team and the rover planners, what to do next. This involves 'That rock looks interesting, let's drive over there', then there is a discussion of 'ok, is it worth the resources or could we drive somewhere else?'". Once a decision is reached, measurements are taken and data are collected, which are then used to inform future decisions.
2: The APXS team in August 2012 at NASA's Jet Propulsion Lab in Pasadena, just before Curiosity's landing on Mars.
The APXS is used to measure the chemical composition of Martian rocks and soils. It is located on the robotic arm of Curiosity so that it can be placed near, or in contact with, samples of interest. The APXS works by bombarding the sample with radiation (alpha particles and X-rays), which can knock tightly bound electrons from the atoms within the sample, creating a vacancy. When the vacancy is then filled by another electron, an X-ray is emitted in the process. These X-rays are unique signatures for each element in the periodic table, allowing the APXS to determine the types and abundance of elements in the sample.
3: Diagram of the mechanism involved during spectroscopy at the atomic level.
The APXS team is focused on giving precise concentration values to geological experts for interpretation. The team is constantly working to improve their ability to produce more reliable and accurate values. Gellert explains, "our scientific goal for the APXS team consists of trying to extract all possible information from data we get from Mars. This means if we know we can measure 16 elements, can we measure even more? We see trace elements that are not that abundant in terrestrial samples that we calibrated with. Can we use the data in ways that we didn't even think about at launch?"
There is still a lot to explore on the surface of Mars. The experts working on the MSL mission are investigating Mars in a way which has never been done before, which is a learning process. Opportunities for scientific inquiry have led to many fascinating student projects at the University of Guelph, many of which have been supervised by Professor Gellert. The projects involve trying to analyze and interpret publicly available data from Mars to gain new understandings. According to Gellert, "all these 4th year projects were very interesting. Sometimes you will see stuff that experts have overlooked over the years because there is so much data."
You can visit Professor Gellert's website and more details about the APXS are provided by the Canadian Space Agency: https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/astronomy/mars/apxs.asp
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-012-9892-2#Sec26
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11214-012-9873-5?no
NASA Science Mars Exploration Program. APXS. Retrieved from: https://mars.nasa.gov/msl/spacecraft/instruments/apxs/
Bruker. Handheld XRF: How it works. Retrieved from: https://www.bruker.com/products/x-ray-diffraction-and-elemental-analysis/handheld-xrf/how-xrf-works.html
Planetary Surface Exploration (current page)


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Q: what is the different in the upstream mode in checkout command? what is the different in checkoutCommand in git with upsreamMode is
TRACK,
NOTRACK,
SET_UPSTREAM;

Does it have different meaning when you create or checkout branch ?

A: From the Git documentation:

When a local branch is started off a remote-tracking branch, Git sets up the branch (specifically the branch..remote and branch..merge configuration entries) so that git pull will appropriately merge from the remote-tracking branch.

Consider the following scenario where there exists a branch called feature on your Git repository, and you want to create a local branch from it:
git checkout origin/feature
git checkout -b feature

Now the local branch feature will track changes made to its counterpart in the repository.  This means when do a git pull your local branch can sync up with the remote.  But suppose you did not want your local feature branch to track anything.  The Git documentation states:

That setting can be overridden by using the --track and --no-track options, and changed later using git branch --set-upstream-to.

In our example, you would achieve this via:
git checkout origin/feature
git checkout -b --no-track feature

Now when you git pull your local feature branch will not be updated.
But suppose you decide later on that you really do want your local feature branch to track its counterpart on the remote.  Then you could use the following:
git checkout feature
git --set-upstream origin/feature

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Case study site
Special issue statement
PIAHS | Articles | Volume 381
Post-conference publication 01 Aug 2019
Post-conference publication | 01 Aug 2019
Modelling future hydroclimatic effects on the Coregonus migratorius spawning migration in the Selenga River and Lake Baikal
Modelling future hydroclimatic effects on the Coregonus migratorius spawning migration in the Selenga River and Lake Baikal Modelling future hydroclimatic effects on the Coregonus migratorius spawning migration in the... Vsevolod Moreydo et al.
Vsevolod Moreydo1, Tatiana Millionshchikova1, and Sergey Chalov2 Vsevolod Moreydo et al. Vsevolod Moreydo1, Tatiana Millionshchikova1, and Sergey Chalov2
1Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
2Faculty of Geography, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
Correspondence: Vsevolod Moreydo (vsevolod.moreydo@iwp.ru)
Regional climate change affects the flow conditions in river basins which can impact the health of aquatic ecosystems. Potential impacts of future climate scenarios on Coregonus migratorius spawning migration in the Selenga River were assessed. A regional process-based hydrological model was used to reproduce the historical trends in the annual flow and assess its future changes under several climate change scenarios. Annual flow projections were used to identify preferential river reaches for spawning activity of the Arctic cisco (Coregonus migratorius), based on the significant negative correlation of spawning activity with the Selenga River streamflow. The applied methodology shows that the projected decline in runoff of 10 % to 25 % in XXI century may result in shifting of the spawning locations further upstream of the Ulan-Ude city, a local "pollution hotspot".
Back to top top
How to cite.
Moreydo, V., Millionshchikova, T., and Chalov, S.: Modelling future hydroclimatic effects on the Coregonus migratorius spawning migration in the Selenga River and Lake Baikal, Proc. IAHS, 381, 113–119, https://doi.org/10.5194/piahs-381-113-2019, 2019.
1 Introduction
In natural ecosystems, environmental abiotic drivers may play a crucial role in the development and survival of living organisms (Poff et al., 1997; Poff and Zimmerman, 2010; Stagl and Hattermann, 2016). In riverine ecosystems, the reproduction, foraging, maturation and recruitment of aquatic species are dependent on flow and temperature regime, both of which are vulnerable to natural and anthropogenic impacts (Gillenwater et al., 2006; Goto et al., 2015; Stagl and Hattermann, 2016; Wang et al., 2019). The health of aquatic ecosystems is strongly affected by catchment-scale human activities, such as dam construction (Fan et al., 2015; Wang et al., 2019; Wu et al., 2019), irrigation (Bączyk et al., 2018; Nhiwatiwa et al., 2017) and changes in hydro-climatic regime (Goode et al., 2012; Johnson et al., 2009; Statham, 2012). The observed changes in river flow due to these impacts can be evaluated using indicators of alteration in a riverine system (Gao et al., 2009; Richter et al., 1996). However, a commonly applied index for a basic assessment of the alteration of an aquatic system is the average annual streamflow discharge (Bragg et al., 2005).
The most interacting with the river flow are migratory fish species, such as salmonids, spawning in fresh water. The basic water quantity requirements for salmonid fish includes: flows (at appropriate times of the year), water depths, and flow velocities for spawning fish (Hendry et al., 2003). A reduction in flow causes a reduction in water levels and velocities, which is turn decreases available habitat and reduces habitat diversity (Dewson et al., 2007). Low flow conditions can be also attributed to other negative impacts such as increased sediment deposition and decrease in water quality. Numerous studies have used experimental flumes in the laboratory to examine the critical swimming speeds and optimal longitudinal velocities on the microhabitat level, including how velocity and turbulence influence on the variation in swimming behaviour (see Hockley et al., 2014). Whereas almost no studies were attributed to the effects of velocity to fish migration patterns of migratory fishes.
In recent studies a common methodology for assessment of future impacts of climate change on river flow and subsequently on the ecological state of the catchment system is involving a hydrological model forced by expected climate variables to simulate future flows and other ecohydrological indicators (Döll and Zhang, 2010; Gelfan et al., 2017; Moreido and Kalugin, 2017; Papadaki et al., 2016; Schneider et al., 2013; Shrestha et al., 2014; Thompson et al., 2014). Several studies have previously addressed the impact of future climate change on conditions of aquatic environments, such as anadromous fish morphology (Andres et al., 2019) and spawning success (Fenkes et al., 2016).
The present study examines hydroclimatic effects due to climate change on the seasonal spawning migration of Arctic cisco (Coregonus migratorius) in the Selenga Selenga River, which is the largest tributary of Lake Baikal and provides nearly a half of the annual inflow of water to the lake. The observed climate change impacts on the annual flow and regional hydrology (Karthe et al., 2014, 2017; Kasimov et al., 2017; Frolova et al, 2017) have a high potential to impair aquatic ecosystem functions and spawning migration of Coregonus migratorius. The Selenga River remains one of the rivers in the world free of large flow alteration projects (e.g. dams and water abstractions) of the comparable area (Frolova et al., 2017; Törnqvist et al., 2014).
Our assessment involved the construction of a regional-scale hydrological model to reproduce the current flow conditions of the Selenga River, forcing it with the future scenarios of climate change and subsequently applying the obtained results to a regression-based model the spawning migration of Coregonus migratorius.
2 Case study site
The Selenga River is a large transboundary river originating in Mongolia and flows across the Republic of Buryatia (Russia) to lake Baikal where it forms a large delta (Fig. 1). The Selenga River is 1024 km in length and drains an area of 450 000 km2. Total annual flow into the lake is 29 km3 and the highest flows occur in August–September. The Selenga River provides spawning habitat for the Coregonus migratorius (see Sect. 3.1). For the last two decades, annual flow of the Selenga River has decreased significantly (Frolova et al., 2017). With its diverse catchment flow generation conditions, ranging from dry steppe to mountainous taiga, and occasional permafrost patterns, the fate of the Selenga River and its ecosystem health under the expected climate change (Karthe et al., 2017; Törnqvist et al., 2014) is of crucial interest.
Figure 1The location of the study region.
3 Materials and methods
3.1 Coregonus migratorius migration behavior assessment in current conditions
The Arctic cisco (Coregonus migratorius) is a migratory species of the Salmonidae family foraging in Lake Baikal and spawning in the tributaries. The Selenga and Upper Angara rivers contain the highest populations of Arctic cisco. estimated population of 1.0–3.7 million followed by spawning populations in the Barguzin and Bolshaya rivers (population around 0.1–0.7 million) (Bazov and Bazova, 2015).
Annual spawning migration occurs between the end of August and the end of October. According to multi-year monitoring programs there is a strong negative relationship (R=-0.77) between river stage and spawning migration distance during the spawning period (Bazov and Bazova, 2015; Sokolov and Kalyagin, 2001; Voronov, 1993). Preferable spawning conditions for Coregonus species include gravel bed (Roseman et al., 2007), low channel slope and flow velocities between 0.8–2.8 m s−1 (Bazov and Bazova, 2016). There has been no evidence in the local habitat studies of Coregonus migratorius spawning on inundated floodplains during high flows. During the spawning period, water temperature can vary between +9 and +20 ∘C and there is no significant correlation between temperature and spawning activity (Bazov and Bazova, 2015). This is likely due to the tendency of Coregonus migratorius to avoid additional energy loss due to overcoming the increased stream velocity.
Coregonus migratorius typically migrate 20 to 450 km upstream from the delta to spawn (Bazov and Bazova, 2015). A major industrial centre Ulan-Ude (capital of Buryatia Republic) is located 153 km upstream from the delta. Industrial activity represents a pollution hot spot at this location (Karthe et al., 2017). Accordingly, spawning activity is most pronounced in a reach river 140 km from the delta with an average distance of 110 km (Bazov and Bazova, 2010). During periods of low flow spawning activity can occur over a range of 175 to 450 km from the delta with an average distance of 240 km. The analysis of the dependency between the spawning distance and the mean water stage at the Kabansk gage in September showed a clear negative correlation of −0.77 (Bazov and Bazova, 2015), implying that the higher the stage, spawning activity occurs closer to the delta.
Bazov and Bazova (2015) outline the two types of Coregonus migratorius spawning behaviour:
"High-stage type" with the majority of spawning occurring downstream of Ulan-Ude, with the average distance of 110±2 km, characterized by high water stage at Kabansk gage -340±12 cm;
"Low-stage type" with the average spawning distance of 240±26 km and water stage of 244±15 cm.
3.2 The Selenga river flow modelling
ECOMAG modelling software was used to model current and assess future flow conditions of the Selenga river. The ECOMAG (ECOlogical Model for Applied Geophysics) is a spatially-distributed process-based hydrological model that considers hydrological processes such as rainfall/snowfall canopy interception, snow accumulation and melt, soil freezing and thawing, water infiltration into unfrozen and frozen soil, evapotranspiration, thermal and water regime of soil, overland, subsurface, ground and river flow with a daily time step (Motovilov et al., 1999; Motovilov, 2016). The model is capable of reproducing streamflow discharge at any point in the river network and is driven by time series data based on daily air temperature, humidity, and precipitation intensity. The ECOMAG model has been applied to the Selenga river basin to assess the future impact of the regional climate change on annual flow using EWEMBI reanalysis dataset (Lange, 2016) as input (Gelfan and Millionschikova, 2018).
The model parameters were calibrated against the observed daily streamflow discharge data at the most downstream hydrometric gauge located at Kabansk (Fig. 1) to reproduce the observed trends in annual flow of the Selenga River. The model showed good agreement between the measured and the calculated annual flow with the following efficiency estimates. For the calibration period (2000–2013) NSE = 0.82, r=0.93 and BIAS = 0.22 %, for the validation period (1986–1999) NSE = 0.77, r=0.88 and BIAS = 4.4 %.
3.3 Assessment of the Selenga flow and Coregonus migratorius spawning conditions under future climate changes
To assess annual flow dynamics in the Selenga river under future climate changes output from the General Circulation Models was used (GCMs) from the ISIMIP2: HadGEM2-ES, IPSL-CM5A-LR, MIROC-ESMCHEM, GFDL-ESM2M, which operated under different conditions of the expected external atmospheric radiation impacts (RCP-scenarios – Representative Concentration Pathways; IPCC, 2014). The original GCMs data were interpolated to a 0.5∘×0.5∘ grid and bias-corrected on the continental scale (the bias-correction procedure concept is described in Hempel et al., 2013). The expected changes in the external parameters of the climate models – the scenarios of anthropogenic greenhouse gases' emissions – were introduced according to the radiation impact level for each of the four RCPs expected by 2100: RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5 (2.6, 4.5, 6.0, 8.5 W m−2, respectively; IPCC, 2014). Based on the four GCMs forced by four RCPs, an ensemble of possible climate projections for the Selenga River basin in the XXI century was obtained with correction factors that have been determined for the historical low-flow period (1996–2005). The correction commonly consisted of minimizing the bias-error of GCM-based calculations on the regional scale (Gelfan et al., 2015) compared with the EWEMBI-based calculations.
Figure 2Projections of the Baikal omul spawning distance range in the XXI century. Horizontal bars show mean projected distance for different periods, whiskers show inter-model variance. Vertical grey dashed lines denote the historical minimum and maximum spawning ground location, the shaded areas show the two types of the migration distance from the assessment of 1984–2013 (see Sect. 3.1). Vertical black dotted line marks the location of the Ulan-Ude, black dash-dotted line shows the interstate borderline location.
This approach is unsuitable for intra-annual flow projections (Moreido and Kalugin, 2017) due to large uncertainties in the annual cycle described by the GCMs. Hence we used a linear regression model to change between the modelled annual flows and the September streamflow. The correlation coefficient between these variables is 0.91, which allows for such a transition. Next, the average streamflow value in September was converted into the mean stage value with the stage-discharge curve, established using long term data from the Kabansk gauging station. The analysis of the observed mean stage of the Selenga River in September and the calculated using the described procedure showed a good agreement with correlation coefficient r=0.95.
To predict Coregonus migratorius spawning features under future hydrological conditions we used a conceptual modelling approach. Accordingly, we employed a regression model (Bazov and Bazova, 2015) which links hydrological controls of the migration extent using relationship between distance of Baikal Coregonus migratorius spawning sites from the delta with the average water level of the Selenga river at most downstream gage in Kabansk in September.
4 Results and discussion
4.1 Streamflow modelling for XXI century
The future regional climate trends for the Selenga river based on the ensemble of four climate models' projections throughout the XXI century were obtained. The ensemble-averaged projections were used to assess the anomalies of air temperature (∘C) and precipitation (%) over three thirty-year-long periods for the XXI century (2010–2039, 2040–2069, 2070–2099) as compared to the historical period of 1996–2005. Based on these results, the trend in the anomaly of the average annual air temperature in the Selenga Basin in the XXI century under different RCP-scenarios increased over time (Table 1). Accordingly, the trend in the anomaly of the average annual precipitation under different scenarios is projected to be positive (Table 1).
Table 1Ensemble-averaged projections of air temperature (∘C) and precipitation (%) anomalies for the XXI century in the Selenga river basin.
Download Print Version | Download XLSX
Using these projections as inputs to the hydrological model, we simulated flow changes in the Selenga River basin. According to all climate projections, mean annual flow will decrease and this will be more pronounced in the second half of the XXI century. Under the RCP 8.5 scenario flow will decrease by 25 % relative to the historical period. It is assumed that the low-flow conditions into Lake Baikal will remain throughout the XXI century.
4.2 Assessment of the future alteration of the Baikal omul spawning migration
Using the obtained mean annual Selenga River streamflow discharge for future periods at the Kabansk gauge, we calculated the mean stage for these periods and subsequently – the possible alteration of the Baikal omul spawning distance using the methodology described in Sect. 3.1. Figure 2 shows the comparison of the current and the expected conditions of spawning grounds' location expressed as the distance upstream from the Selenga River delta.
The assessment of spawning locations based on the control catch data of 1984–2013 (Bazov and Bazova, 2015) showed that 25 % to 75 % of spawning grounds are located between 110 and 250 km from the delta. Our results show that according to the expected decrease in the Selenga River flow, the spawning migration distance will propagate further upstream. In the first period of 2010–2039 the distance assessed under different RCPs is projected at 219 to 230 km, in the second period – between 221 and 233 km, in the third – between 225 and 272 km. The inter-RCP and inter-model variance increase between the periods, with the most significant difference in the third period of 2070–2099 (Fig. 2).
On average, all the spawning grounds are projected to be located upstream of the Ulan-Ude city, which is ecologically favorable. Most of the projected distances fall into the "low-stage type" of the spawning behavior.
5 Conclusion
A modelling approach was used to assess the effect of climate change on streamflow and hydrological conditions for Coregonus migratorius spawning. Regional climate change projections from Global Circulation Models operating under different greenhouse gas forcing was determined and a regional hydrological model projecting future climate conditions was used with a regression-based spawning ground location model. The resulting projections show that annual flow of the Selenga River will decrease from 10 % to 25 % according to different climate change scenarios. These changes in river flow indicate that Coregonus migratorius will propagate further upstream of the Selenga River delta to more favorable spawning locations. Further investigations should include a detailed assessment of site scale physical, chemical and biological factors contributing to spawning success at the site, reach and watershed scale.
Data availability.
The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Author contributions.
VM and SC designed the study. TM performed the modelling and climate change assessment and wrote the corresponding section. VM performed the final assessment and wrote the rest of the paper. VM and SC made final approval for the publication.
Competing interests.
Special issue statement.
This article is part of the special issue "Land use and climate change impacts on erosion and sediment transport". It is a result of the ICCE Symposium 2018 – Climate Change Impacts on Sediment Dynamics: Measurement, Modelling and Management, Moscow, Russia, 27–31 August 2018.
Financial support.
This research has been supported by the Russian Fund for Basic Research (project 17-29-05027) and State scientific assignment #0147-2019-0003 (reg. #AAAA-A18-118022090105-5).
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Specific fish species in the Lake Baikal, Coregonus migratorius, are spawning in the lake's tributaries, annualy migrating upstream. In the largest tributary, the Selenga river, the migration inversely depends on seasonal flow: the lower the discharge, the further upstream the fish can go. We explored the influence of climate change on the streamflow and on the subsequent fish migration distance, may result in spawning locations shift upstream, which is ecologically more favorable.
Specific fish species in the Lake Baikal, Coregonus migratorius, are spawning in the lake's...


On 24th October 2013 our guest speaker was Bill Furmedge from Wisdenworld, the UK's largest Wisden only seller.
Bill started off collecting Wisden as a hobby but it has now become his business as well as his passion.
If you've got a complete set at home make sure you have adequate insurance as it's likely to be worth in the region of £250,000!!


The industry's premium resource for insect, mite and weed control, disease prevention, biosecurity and spray application information.
The 2018 Australian Cotton Production Manual is a critical reference tool for cotton growers: a one-stop-shop of on-farm cotton production information.
The report focuses on the economics of the 2017 crop from growers across the different cotton-growing valleys.
Enhancing Private-Sector Investment in Agricultural RD&E is a report prepared by the Australian Farm Institute, with funding from CRDC.
Impact assessment of the QDAF-CRDC project 'Strengthening the Central Highlands Cotton Production System'.
The Australian Cotton Comparative Analysis provides the industry benchmark for the economics of cotton growing in Australia.
The Impact Assessment of CRDC Water Use Efficiency Investments 2011-2015 is one of a series of impact assessments of CRDC investments.
The Impact Assessment of CRDC Nutrition Investments 2008-2016 is one of a series of impact assessments of CRDC investments.


Richard St. John is well qualified to answer that question. A self-proclaimed average guy who found success doing what he loved, Richard St. John spent more than a decade researching the lessons of success — and distilling them into 8 words, 3 minutes and one successful book.
And his answer to the question is refreshingly simple: 'one of the big reasons is, we think success is a one-way street. So, we do everything that leads up to success, but then we 'get there.' We figure we've made it, we sit back in our comfort zone and we actually stop doing everything that made us successful. And it doesn't take long to go downhill! 'And I can tell you this happens because it happened to me' he says.
In this 6-minute video, St John shares an incredible story of his own journey from success to failure to success. This principle of continuous self-improvement applies in many areas of life, including building a business, raising a family, or changing the world. We have hope you enjoy the video.


Unique opportunity to add your touch & design aesthetic to a piece of history in highly desirable location off Monterey Square. Torn between historic & restored? You can modernize this home to today's standards. Offered @ $1.1 mil "as-is" w/ full set of architectural plans. Current plan includes restoration of traditional double parlor w/ powder room, pocket doors leading to expansive kitchen addition, option to include garden level as separate apartment/mother in law suite or as part of main house, spacious master suite w/ balcony, guest bedrooms on 4th floor, skylight & abundance of natural light, lush courtyard w/ outdoor fireplace, elevator services all four flours, interior staircase connecting all levels, 2 car garage & carriage house. Full set of plans available upon request. Offered @ 2.2mil completed; specs available upon request. Generous allowances & flexibility design make this perfect for anyone wanting, new, heart of the historic district & ability to make it their own!


Laws cover the exchange of a residential property that's later converted for use as a personal residence.
You can exclude up to $250,000 ($500,000 for married couples filing jointly) of gain realized on the sale of a principal (primary) residence if you've owned and occupied the residence for 2 of the 5 years before the date of sale.
Gain related to depreciation deductions taken on the property since May 6, 1997 can't be excluded.
The exclusion doesn't apply to gain from the sale of the residence that's allocable to periods of "nonqualified use"—times the property isn't used as the taxpayer's principal residence, or its use as a second home or as a rental.
Suppose you exchange to a residence, rent it for 4 years, and then move into it and live in it for 2 years. You then sell the residence and realize $300,000 of gain.
Four-sixths (4 out of 6 years) of the gain, or $200,000, is ineligible for the $250,000 personal residence exclusion.
Two-sixths (2 out of 6 years) of the gain, or $100,000, is eligible for the personal residence exclusion.
In general, allocation rules apply only to time periods prior to conversion to a principal residence and not to periods after the conversion. So, if you convert a primary residence to a rental, never move back in and otherwise meet the 2 out of 5 year test under Section 121, you're eligible for the full $250,000 exclusion when you sell the rental.
This rule applies only to nonqualified use periods within the 5 year look-back period of Section 121(a) after the last date the property is used as a principal residence. Therefore, if you use the property as a principal residence in year 1 and 2, rent the property for years 3 and 4, and then use it as a principal residence in year 5, the allocation rules apply and only 3/5 (3 out of 5 years) of the gain is for the exclusion.


The UK co-operative movement has sent a message of solidarity to its fellow co-operators in the Democratic Federation of North Syria (Rojava) as the first ever conference of co-operatives was held over the weekend in the region.
This historic event has been co-ordinated by new Unions of Co-operatives which have recently been established in all the cantons and regions of Rojava. The Solidarity Statement from the UK Co-operative Movement to the First Conference of Co-operatives in North Syria has been signed by 35 organisations to date, including the Solidarity Economy Association, Co-operatives UK, The Co-operative College, Students for Co-operation, members of Radical Routes and other workers' and housing co-operatives all around the UK.
Jo Taylor, who runs the Solidarity Economy Association's 'Co-operative Economy in Rojava and Bakur' project, was responsible for co-ordinating the Solidarity Statement. She said: "Support and encouragement for new co-operatives have played a vital role in the transition to a new democratic society in North Syria since the start of the Rojava Revolution in 2012. The democratic, autonomous region has been undergoing a social, political and economic revolution despite, and in some ways because of, the horrific conflict taking place in the country.
"People are taking collective control of their lives and workplaces, and within this system co-operatives play an integral part in reshaping the economy. It's incredibly important that the UK co-operative movement sends this message of solidarity to our fellow co-operators in the region on this landmark occasion.
The Statement of Solidarity, which can be read in full here and is reproduced below, has been translated into Kurmanci, one of the main local languages, and will be read out to delegates during the conference on Saturday 21 October 2017. If you would like to add your name to the list of organisations representing the UK co-operative movement sending this message, please do so by emailing info@solidarityeconomy.coop and putting 'Solidarity with Rojava' as the email title.
For more information about the co-operative revolution in Rojava, visit www.cooperativeeconomy.info.
Members of the co-operative movement of the United Kingdom would like to send our heartfelt solidarity to the first co-operative conference of the Democratic Federation of North Syria.
Many of us have been following developments in the region closely since the start of the Rojava Revolution and we believe we have much to learn from and share with one another.
What is being attempted in North Syria – a transition to a largely co-operative economy during a time of war, economic embargo and instability – is amazing and inspiring, and an example to the world.
The co-operative movement in the UK today owes its existence to the Rochdale Pioneers, a group of working class people in the north of England who came together in 1844 to buy basic foods and open a small shop with collective ownership, to provide basic necessities to people at affordable prices. Customers could also become members of the co-operative, get a share of the profits and take part in making decisions. Workers in nearby towns were inspired by this and the idea began to spread across the country.
Today there are around 7,000 co-operatives in the UK, from consumer co-operatives like the one the Rochdale Pioneers opened; workers' co-operatives, owned and managed by the workers; housing co-operatives, owned and managed by the people who live in them; agricultural and farmers co-ops, and many more.
You, who are gathering together in North Syria today for your first co-operative conference, are the pioneers of your own co-operative movement. Future generations and members of co-operatives in what we hope will be a future peaceful and democratic Syria will look back on this historical moment and learn about what you are doing for the future of your region.
There will no doubt be great challenges and obstacles along the way, especially considering the situation of war, embargo and economic siege that you are facing. However, we believe in the creativity and resilience of the people in your region, and in the power of co-operative organising to create real and lasting change.
When there are needs in society or a community, the co-operative movement has the opportunity to step up to help meet the needs of the people.
We look forward to developing a deeper relationship between members of co-operatives in both our regions and wish all co-operative projects in North Syria the greatest of success and prosperity.
For media enquiries please contact Kat Darling on kat@solidarityeconomy.coop / 07810 832980.
Co-operative Economy in Rojava and Bakur (https://cooperativeeconomy.info/) is a project delivered by the Solidarity Economy Association and provides the only comprehensive English language information resource on the subject. The aim of the project is to make it easier for those who want to better understand what's happening in the region to do so, and to learn about the alternative economic changes that are underway.
Solidarity Economy Association (www.solidarityeconomy.coop) (formerly known as the Institute for Solidarity Economics) is a not-for-profit, multi-stakeholder co-operative working to support the growth of the Solidarity Economy Movement. Its core work focuses on education, research and promotion of the Solidarity Economy – an economy that embodies social justice, diversity & pluralism, co-operation, self-management & ecological sustainability.


Email serves as a ubiquitous, asynchronous notification and information distribution system. Not surprisingly, there are many web development scenarios where server-side code needs to generate an email and scuttle it off to the intended recipient. Previous articles here on 4Guys have examined programmatically sending email messages in ASP.NET 1.x and ASP.NET 2.0. See Sending Email from an ASP.NET Web Page for ASP.NET 1.x examples; Sending Email in ASP.NET 2.0 looks at code and scenarios for sending email from an ASP.NET 2.0 application.
The Sending Email in ASP.NET 2.0 article just covers the basics of sending email, illustrating how to define mail settings in Web.config and how to create a page to send a simple, plain-text email. I followed up that initial article with another one that delved into more advanced topics. Sending Emails in ASP.NET 2.0: HTML-Formatted Emails, Attachments, and Gracefully Handling SMTP Exceptions showed readers how to send rich emails using HTML, how to include attachments, and how to recover from errors that occur during the email sending process.
I was recently working with a client that needed to build a rather feature-rich email web page, one that included many of the features found in stand-alone email clients like Microsoft Outlook. Some of these features included the ability to request read receipts, to specify a Reply-To address, and to indicate the email's priority. These topics are covered in this article. Read on to learn more!
The three topics covered in this article - specifying a Reply-To address, setting the email's priority, and requesting a read receipt - are all tasks that are accomplished using SMTP headers SMTP headers are additional bits of information that are sent along with an email message and provide instructions to the SMTP server or the email client. Except for the body of the email, all other information is transmitted through SMTP headers, including to To address, the From address, the Subject, and so forth. You can examine an email's headers in Outlook by right-clicking on an email message and choosing the Options item from the context menu. The Internet Headers textbox lists the various SMTP headers.
Subject: Check Out My Website!!11!
The email client - Outlook, GMail, ThunderBird, whatever - determines the received email's subject by looking for that particular header.
Of course, you will rarely need to work directly with the Headers property because most of the headers that you'll need to set are accessible through properties in the MailMessage class. For example, to specify the subject simply set the Subject property. There's no need to manually add a Subject header via the Headers collection.
The first two topics we'll look at in this article - specifying a Reply-To address and setting the email's priority - can utilize existing properties in the MailMessage class. However, the final task - requesting a read receipt - requires us to manually inject an SMTP header via the Headers property.
Replying to an email message usually sends the response to the person who sent the email. However, there are scenarios where you may want to have the reply go to an alternate email address. For example, if you are sending out an email on behalf of someone else, you may want to have any replies go directly to the person you are sending out the email for. Specifying a Reply-To email address is quite easy in ASP.NET: simply set the MailMessage class's ReplyTo property to the appropriate email address.
Notice that you have to set the ReplyTo property to a MailAddress object instance - you cannot just set it to a string. However, the MailAddress constructor can take in the email address as a string, so you can simply assign the ReplyTo property to the email address using: New MailAddress(address). The MailAddress constructor also includes an overload that allows the display name to be specified (New MailAddress(address, displayName). Most email clients display the display name, if present, instead of the email address.
Setting the ReplyTo property adds a Reply-To: replyToEmailAddress SMTP header to the outgoing message. This header (and all of the other "core" email SMTP headers) is discussed in RFC 822.
Email messages can optionally include an Importance SMTP header that indicates the importance of a message. (Or, more precisely, how important the sender believes the message to be!) The Importance SMTP header can have one of three values: high, normal, or low. Many email clients will display a special icon next to those emails flagged with high or low importance. Some email clients ignore this SMTP header altogether.
To specify a value for the Importance header, use the MailMessage's Priority property. This property must be assigned to one of the valid MailPriority values of which - you guessed it - there are three: High, Normal, and Low.
The following code illustrates setting the priority to high.
The following screenshot shows an email message that was sent with High priority. When viewing the message in Outlook, a status message appears at the top of the email indicating that the message was sent with High importance.
When you compose an email and request a read receipt, your email client sends along an additional SMTP header - Disposition-Notification-To: sendReceiptToAddress.
Upon receiving and reading the email, the recipient's email client may or may not process the Disposition-Notification-To header. (Some email clients just ignore this header.) Assuming that the email client processed the Disposition-Notification-To header and that the recipient has not configured their email client to reject sending read receipts, upon reading the email a short message will be automatically sent from the recipient to the address specified in the Disposition-Notification-To header, indicating that the email has been read.
What's important to understand here is that a read receipt request is just that - a request. The recipient may ignore or deny the request.
There is no RequestReadReceipt property in the MailMessage class, so in order to request one we need to manually add the Disposition-Notification-To header. As discussed in the "A Word About SMTP Headers..." section earlier in this article, this is accomplished by using the Headers property.
If the email is received by a recipient whose email client understands read receipt requests and is configured to return them, a read receipt email will be sent to sendReadReceiptToAddress.
The following screenshot shows the default response in Outlook when an email with a read request is received.
In this article we looked at performing some more advanced email-related features in ASP.NET 2.0. Except for the email body, all other information is transmitted through SMTP headers. When sending an email using the MailMessage class, you rarely have to worry about SMTP headers. Their complexity is abstracted away through the MailMessage class's high-level properties. However, it is important to understand that these headers exist and how they work, because there are situations - such as requesting a read receipt - in which there are no corresponding MailMessage properties. In such cases, we need to work directly with the SMTP headers themselves, which is possible through the MailMessage class's Headers property.


Would you like to create a lifestyle that includes traveling on your own terms? Would you like to overcome constraints such as time, money, family obligations, and no one to go with that often make you believe you can't travel?
If you answered yes, I Can't: Travel is for you.
I Can't: Travel is part of Mac & Cheese Productions' I Can't series, where adults state they're unable to do something, they try it with a bunch of other adults who also "can't," and everyone proves themselves wrong and not only does the thing, but enjoys it and says, "That wasn't so bad. In fact, kinda fun. Good for me! What's next?!" Topics and structure are varied but the "be yourself amongst others being themselves, witness the magic that happens when you try with others trying" vibe is pervasive.
Past I Can'ts have included yoga, improv, find love, draw, have a dog, adult my money, organize my home, ask for money, put on makeup, and buy a home. Upcoming I Can'ts include I Can't: Clean.
For this I Can't edition, Mac & Cheese is partnering with Alicia N. Ingram.
Alicia will share various types of travel, travel hacks, resources, and examples of real people who've created a travel lifestyle they always dreamed about. Learn creative strategies and actions to take so that you can get going, literally and figuratively. Whether traveling solo, in a group, or as a working professional, you'll learn how to make the most of your travel experiences and not be the typical tourist. Bring your big (and small) travel goals, national or international, and your challenges for the Q & A. BONUS: Packing Tips from a Pro!
Long before she became a Chicago-based flight attendant six years ago, Alicia was constantly on the move as a traveler with a chronic case of wanderlust. During her time as a marketing consultant, she traveled everywhere from Nashville to Nigeria. Fulfilling her dream of living out of country, she recently lived in Mexico for over a year, while still working in Chicago. When not recovering from jet lag and bingeing on cable TV in hotel rooms during layovers, Alicia helps aspiring authors start and finish their books as a writing coach and editor.
Saya Hillman is an Evanston, Illinois native, Boston College graduate, and Chicago resident. Since 2004, when she was fired, she's been blissfully self-employed. Her lifestyle business, Mac & Cheese Productions℠, creates and curates experiences that encourage individuals and groups to embrace a Life of Yes℠ — positivity, self-efficacy, playfulness, & community. Mac & Cheese supports individuals in finding fulfillment and groups in creating a positive culture. Think adult summer camp. Saya was one of Brazen Careerist's Top Twenty Young Professionals to Watch, has been featured in Forbes, SELF, and the New York Times, and is a TEDx speaker. She's married to someone she met at one of her own events and they pulled off an almost 100% bartered wedding, as featured in the Chicago Tribune and Huffington Post. She's built a life out of embracing fear and suckage, and loves nothing more than getting others to follow suit.


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Home Software Is Smolt the Key to Counting Linux Users?
Is Smolt the Key to Counting Linux Users?
By Sean Michael Kerner | November 07, 2008
Linux users are not an easy bunch to profile or to count. Many Linux users download the operating system for free and never perform any kind of systems registration to enumerate their hardware.
That's where Smolt may be able to help fill the gap. Smolt is an open source hardware profiling technology that is already being used by Red Hat's Fedora and is set for inclusion in the upcoming Novell OpenSUSE 11.1 release.
Ubuntu is currently considering Smolt as well.
With Smolt Linux distribution might be able to get a better grip of what users are running and how many users they have. "Smolt is fairly accurate for where it is used, which is to say, at least today, primarily Fedora users," Ted Ts'o, Linux Foundation Fellow and chief platform strategist, told InternetNews.com.
"There are plenty of enterprise Linux users that won't use Smolt today, simply because it is not there, and if it was shipped with an enterprise Linux distribution, many enterprise Linux servers are behind firewalls, and thus would not be counted for Smolt," Ts'o added.
The Smolt effort began at Fedora back just prior to the Fedora 7 release as an opt-in profiling tool that lets Fedora know what hardware users have in addition to knowing the installed base number.
At the time, then-Fedora Project Leader Max Spevack noted that he had been in discussions with Novell about Smolt being included with OpenSUSE. Those discussions have now led to Smolt being part of the upcoming OpenSUSE 11.1 release.
"I just did an OpenSUSE beta 4 install today and sent my hardware profile up using smoltGui," Joe 'Zonker' Brockmeier openSUSE Community Manager told InternetNews.com.
Novell's OpenSUSE isn't the only one that is looking at Smolt. Ubuntu Chief Technology Officer Matt Zimmerman told InternetNews.com that his developers have been in contact with Smolt developers.
"We're exploring ways we can collaborate to our mutual benefit," Zimmerman said. "We are not currently shipping Smolt in Ubuntu."
Ubuntu founder Mark Shuttleworth, however, noted that Ubuntu has a tool that pre-dates Smolt and has been included in Ubuntu for some time. Shuttleworth claimed that Ubuntu already has a database of user hardware platforms running Ubuntu.
The idea of a large multi-distribution effort to improve hardware compatibility is one that is appealing to Red Hat's current Fedora Project Leader, Paul Frields.
"It's absolutely a good thing whenever distributions work together to improve the overall coverage of hardware in Linux," Frields told InternetNews.com. "I'm glad to hear Ubuntu is considering it as well, because Smolt is completely free and open source software, and offers an excellent way for Linux distros to see what hardware their users employ."
Smolt could also potentially be a tool for counting the total number of users for a given platform, though that's not its ideal use case. The Linux Foundation's Ts'o noted that Smolt probably wound not be that great for counting Linux users as a whole.
Fedora's Frields agreed, noting that Smolt is probably not as good for counting users as it is for counting proportional use of hardware across the user base.
"We prefer to count users with other methods, which we document on our wiki openly and transparently," Frields said.
One of the methods used by Fedora for counting users is by tracking IP addresses that hit it update servers. It's a method that isn't entirely accurate either for a number of reasons. One reason is that users could be behind firewalls and without unique IP addresses.
"This is one of the major challenges for Linux distros -- trying to estimate exactly how many people are using the distros," OpenSUSE's Brockmeier said. "You can get a sense of the user base, but actual hard numbers are not easy to come by."


Are you searching on internet about Shabar mantra to remove black magic in Diu-Island	then Our Astrologer who is world famous astrologer giving Shabar mantra to remove black magic in Diu-Island	services from more then 20 years with best records of success in this field . if you want to get complete details about Shabar mantra to remove black magic in Diu-Island + something then our giving article and blog can help u to solve all problems. Here we will provide you complete solution with 100% privacy and Guaranteed way.
Shabar mantra to remove black magic: Shabar Mantras are an extremely powerful set of vashikaran mantra to remove black magic, which is especially by people and is the answer of how to reverse black magic in Hinduism? Which is easy to use, self-energized, easy to understand that even a common man can use them without any problem. It is believed that this kali Shabar mantra to remove black magic was written by our ancient astrologer.
This Shabar mantra to remove black magic or ghost are capable of fulfilling any of your desire like whether you want to gain money to end your financial crisis, you want to attract your love or your husband to get back your lost love back, you want to eliminate black magic spells applied on your or your loved one.
There are other types of Shabar mantra to remove black magic also. Like hanuman mantra to remove black magic, dhumavati mantra to remove black magic, bhairav mantra to remove black magic that have different parameters. Also like mantras are rapid and capable enough to give you quick results and are capable to get rid of any evil spells on you no matter how powerful evil spell has been used as said earlier they are most powerful and are able to destroy even the strongest evil spell.
People use this dominant hanuman mantra to remove black magic and negative energy. This mantra is also can be used as shabar mantra to remove black magic. It has the power to wipe out all negativities from your surroundings. Many people suffer from Griha Kalesh and have no harmony in their family lives.
How to chant Ugra Dhumavati Mantra?
Sit on black mat facing south.
On a wooden plank draped with black cloth place Ugra Dhumavati Yantra.
The day after throwing the yantra in the river. This Practice shows the immediate effect and very soon you would be free from all such evil effect. For continues grace of Dhumavati shabar mantra to remove black magic, you can chant 4 rosaries of the following mantra every day.
This Bhairav shabar mantra to remove black magic is practiced to remove the troubles created by enemies and to curb their unethical practices. The Bhairav mantra to remove black magic is used to obliterate the intentions and proceedings of enemies. This mantra halts the actions and activities of any negative energy thrown at you by your enemies. The mantra also helps to remove the black magic. The mantra is in the category of Shatru Stambhan Mantra.
This Bhairav Sadhna for Shabar mantra to remove black magic is performed for victory over enemies. This sadhana can only be done on a no-moon night. Wear black or blue clothes for this purpose. Worship Lord Bhairava with incense & Flowers. Lit a pure ghee lamp before the Lord Bhairava. Take some Black Til or sesame.
Chant 21 rosaries of this mantra Bhairav mantra to remove black magic with Black Hakeek rosary. After completion of the chants take the Black Til in your hands and throw it in the track of the enemies. Next day, give some food to the black dogs in the street.
How to use Shabar mantras to remove black magic and how black magic mantra helps us to remove black magic?
Shabar mantras to remove black magic is the most powerful mantra to break the effects of black magic. If you think someone has applied black magic or any other evil spell on you or your loved one, you can use these powerful black magic mantra. Here is the powerful Shabar mantra to remove black magic or immorality spells from you or your loved one if you have any query related to this mantra then you can consult our astrologer who is specialist in black magic removal mantra.
These Shabar mantras are known as the most effective mantra to remove black magic and it's for the protection of you and your loved ones from all kinds of black magic spells and telepathic practices like Jadu- Tona, harmful and dangerous Aghori mantras Yantra and Tantra. Use of these black magic mantra to remove black magic reverse the effect of black magic spell and send them back to the one who is practicing them on you.


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You are here: Home > Publications > RIPE Document Store > Independent Internet Number Resources – Contractual Relationship Changes Between Sponsoring LIR and End User
Independent Internet Number Resources – Contractual Relationship Changes Between Sponsoring LIR and End User ripe-647: Independent Internet Number Resources – Contractual Relationship Changes Between Sponsoring LIR and End User https://www.ripe.net/publications/docs/ripe-647 https://www.ripe.net/logo.png
Independent Internet Number Resources – Contractual Relationship Changes Between Sponsoring LIR and End User
This document is obsoleted by ripe-652
The RIPE NCC assigns independent Internet number resources to End Users provided they have signed a contract with a sponsoring LIR or with the RIPE NCC.
This document describes the modifications that might be made to a contractual relationship between a sponsoring LIR and an End User of independent Internet number resources for various reasons, including the case of a complete or partial transfer of these independent Internet number resource records, as well as the possible consequences of such changes or of failure to communicate these changes to the RIPE NCC. This document does not describe any procedures applicable to contractual relationship changes for users of independent Internet number resources who have a contractual relationship directly with the RIPE NCC. Nor does it describe the deregistration of independent Internet number resources for any reason other than contractual relationship changes. For information on deregistration of independent resources for any other reason, please see the RIPE NCC procedural document, Closure of Members, Deregistration of Internet Number Resources and Legacy Internet Resources
1. Change in End User's Business Structure
When the End User and the sponsoring LIR initially sign a contract, the sponsoring LIR must submit to the RIPE NCC an extract from the Commercial Trade Register or an equivalent document proving the registration of the End User's business with the relevant national authorities (see also the RIPE NCC procedural document, Due Diligence for the Quality of the RIPE NCC Registration Data).
If the End User is a natural person, the sponsoring LIR must submit the identification papers of the End User. This can be a passport, driving license or other official document proving the identity of the individual (see also the RIPE NCC procedural document, Due Diligence for the Quality of the RIPE NCC Registration Data).
If there is any change in the End User's business structure after signing the contract with the sponsoring LIR (for example, the End User has merged with another company or has changed name), and, because of this change, the information held by the RIPE NCC on the End User is not up-to-date, then the sponsoring LIR is obliged to submit the updated/new registration papers of the End User to the RIPE NCC, as well as any documents verifying this change.
The sponsoring LIR must send an email to lir-help _at_ ripe _dot_ net informing the RIPE NCC of the End User's business change. This email must include new registration papers from the national authority and the official legal documents supporting this change.
The RIPE NCC will update all RIPE Database objects maintained by the RIPE NCC that are affected by this change. End Users must update all RIPE Database objects that they maintain themselves that are affected by this change.
If the sponsoring LIR does not submit the aforementioned documents within 10 working days of the RIPE NCC requesting them, the RIPE NCC will send a reminder to the sponsoring LIR's contact email addresses and to the End User's contact email addresses as listed in the relevant RIPE Database object, asking the sponsoring LIR to submit the requested documents within 10 working days of the day of the reminder.
If the RIPE NCC has not received the requested documents 10 working days from the date of the reminder, the RIPE NCC will begin deregistering the Independent Internet number resources according to the procedure described in the RIPE NCC procedural document Closure of Members, Deregistration of Internet Number Resources and Legacy Internet Resources (section B.2.2).
2. Termination of Contractual Relationship
An End User of Independent Internet number resources must have a contractual relationship with a sponsoring LIR at all times. If the contractual relationship between the End User and the sponsoring LIR is terminated for any reason, the RIPE NCC must be notified. The End User must at that point enter into a contractual relationship with a different sponsoring LIR or with the RIPE NCC directly.
Preferably, for registration purposes, the RIPE NCC must be notified before the contractual relationship terminates. It is the responsibility of the sponsoring LIR to submit this notification to the RIPE NCC prior to termination.
If the RIPE NCC has not been notified prior to the termination and the End User has already entered into a new contractual relationship with a different sponsoring LIR, this new sponsoring LIR must notify the RIPE NCC and submit the new contract they signed with the End User. The RIPE NCC will notify the previous sponsoring LIR of this change. Should the previous LIR object to the termination of their contract with the End User, the RIPE NCC will only accept the contract of the sponsoring LIR that submits a confirmation signed by the End User. This confirmation must clearly state that the End User has or has not terminated the contractual agreement with the previous sponsoring LIR.
The End User may also enter into a contractual relationship directly with the RIPE NCC. For more information, please see the notes on Requesting Independent Resources.
If the RIPE NCC is informed of the termination of the contractual relationship between the sponsoring LIR and the End User and, after 10 working days, no new contractual relationship has been established between the End User and a different sponsoring LIR or the RIPE NCC, the RIPE NCC will send a notification to the End User's contact email addresses, as listed in the relevant RIPE Database object, asking the End User to sign a new contractual agreement with another sponsoring LIR within 10 working days of the day of the notification or to sign an agreement directly with the RIPE NCC.
If the RIPE NCC has not received a new contractual agreement 10 working days from the date of the notification, the RIPE NCC will start deregistering the independent Internet number resources according to the procedure described in the RIPE NCC procedural document, Closure of Members, Deregistration of Internet Number Resources and Legacy Internet Resources (section B.2.2).
3. Closure of Sponsoring LIR
If the sponsoring LIR has their RIPE NCC Standard Service Agreement terminated, the RIPE NCC will send a notification to the End User's contact email addresses, as listed in the relevant RIPE Database object, asking the End User to sign a new contractual agreement with another sponsoring LIR or with the RIPE NCC within 10 working days of the notification.
If the End User does not submit a new contractual agreement with another sponsorship LIR within 10 working days of the RIPE NCC requesting them, the RIPE NCC will send a reminder to the End User's contact email addresses as listed in the relevant RIPE Database object, asking the sponsoring LIR to submit the requested documents within 10 working days of the day of the reminder.
If the RIPE NCC has not received a new contractual agreement 10 working days from the date of the reminder, the RIPE NCC will begin deregistering the independent resources according to the procedure described in the RIPE NCC procedural document, Closure of Members, Deregistration of Internet Number Resources and Legacy Internet Resources (section B.2.2).
4. Transfer of the Assigned Independent Internet Number Resources
If an End User wants to transfer (parts of) the independent Internet number resources assigned to them by the RIPE NCC to a third party in accordance with RIPE Policies (Section 6.4 'IPv4 Address Allocation and Assignment Policies for the RIPE NCC Service Region", Section 8.0 'IPv6 Address Allocation and Assignment Policy' and Section 4.0 'Autonomous System (AS) Number Assignment Policies'), this must be communicated to the RIPE NCC.
Both parties must have a contractual relationship with either the RIPE NCC or a sponsoring LIR. One of the parties involved must submit a request by sending an email to lir-help _at_ ripe _dot_ net via their sponsoring LIR, if they have one.
The RIPE NCC will ask for the following information:
i. Information regarding the parties involved, including:
The full official legal names of all parties involved
Which party will transfer the independent Internet number resources and which party will receive them
Recent registration papers from national authorities for all involved parties
If the current official legal name of the End User is different from the one the RIPE NCC has on record, the procedure described under Section 1 must be followed prior to the transfer of the assigned independent Internet Number Resources. If this update refers to a transferring End User who wants to transfer all of their assigned independent Internet number resources, then a relevant update of the RIPE Database object, as described under Section 1, may be disregarded.
ii. A list of the assigned independent Internet number resources for which a transfer is being requested
iii. The correct contact details of all parties involved
The RIPE NCC may ask the parties involved to confirm the correctness of their contact details or to update them.
iv. A Transfer Agreement signed by both parties or by their legal successors.
The RIPE NCC will make a template of the Transfer Agreement available. Either party may submit the Transfer Agreement to the RIPE NCC, signed by authorised persons for both parties. The RIPE NCC may ask the other party/parties to confirm their agreement to the transfer. The confirmation must be authorised (signed or sent) by a contact person or authorised person.
If the transferring party no longer exists by the time the RIPE NCC has been informed, the receiving party must send both of the following:
An official document (issued by a national authority) confirming the closure of the transferring party.
A copy of an older signed agreement between the relevant parties mentioning the transfer of the assigned independent Internet number resources. If such an agreement is not available, the RIPE NCC may accept a confirmation of the transfer to the RIPE NCC signed by an authorised person (e.g. senior manager, legal successor) of the receiving party. The RIPE NCC reserves the right to reverse the transfer should another party object to this transfer and provide an agreement that proves that the PI address records should have been transferred to them.
The RIPE NCC will update all RIPE Database objects maintained by the RIPE NCC that are affected by this change. The parties involved must update all RIPE Database objects that they maintain themselves that are affected by this change.
ripe-652 , ripe-668 , ripe-688 , ripe-701
RIPE NCC
PDF | 411.0KB


Our optometrists and ophthalmologists at Heitmeier Medical and Surgical Eyecare in New Orleans, LA, have provided patients with professional services and a personal touch for over 20 years.
their infancy to advanced age.
diseases specific to the eye.
vision needs and your lifestyle.
For over 20 years, the optometrists at Heitmeier Vision in New Orleans, LA, have provided patients with professional service along with a personal touch. With our highly skilled and well educated patient coordinators and eye doctors, you can count on the service and quality medical and surgical eyecare you deserve. Most insurance plans are welcome, and as always your needs and concerns come first.
We offer prescription eye exams for eyeglasses, sunglasses and contact lenses. We also provide contact lens fittings as well as follow-up consultations. We fit our patients with lenses like Acuvue, Bausch & Lomb, and CIBA Vision, just to name a few.
Heitmeier, Armani, Langhetee & Cangelosi Medical & Surgical Eyecare proudly serve New Orleans, LA and the surrounding areas of Gretna, Jefferson, Terrytown, Algiers, Old Aurora, Timberlane and Harvey.


Remodeling 101 – Battlefield Homes, Inc.
Remodeling a home is a great deal different from new home construction. Every job is unique and involves new construction, but also some demolition of select areas of the existing home, as well as the need to tie in the new with the old. Depending on the scope of work, a number of items must be accounted for, including structural elements, utilities, wiring, and HVAC. Care must also be taken to protect the original home from damage.
All remodels must be priced on an an individual basis. Each job presents a unique opportunity to solve problems, present options and gain historical knowledge that we can use as a base for future work.
...that said, here's an idea of the typical project costs for the most common remodels that we do.
Kitchen "Refresh": New cabinets, countertops and backsplash, plumbing fixtures and lighting, appliances, paint and trim. By keeping plumbing and lighting rough-ins, and HVAC registers, in their existing locations, this type of remodel completes a change-out of the kitchen finishes while keeping the kitchen in its current configuration. Typically in the $30,000 - 40,000 range.
Kitchen Remodel Level I: This involves demolition of the entire kitchen and for the moving of interior partitions (non-bearing walls) or other features to create a new space. In addition to the elements of the Kitchen Refresh, new flooring, re-location of appliances, plumbing fixtures and lighting fixtures, enhanced cabinets and trim can be added. Typically in the $50,000 - $65,000 range.
Kitchen Remodel Level II: In addition to the elements of the Level I Remodel, the true chef's kitchen allows for numerous upgrades to all aspects of the kitchen, including appliances, lighting, countertops and more. Can be $75,000 to $100,000 or more depending upon the level of selections made.
Master bathrooms are among the most common remodel projects we see, along with second or "hall" baths.
Master Bath "Refresh": New cabinets and countertops, mirrors, medicine cabinets, lighting and plumbing fixtures, paint and trim. By keeping all fixtures in their current locations, this remodel involves a change out of the finish items in the bathroom. Typically in the $10,000 - $15,000 range.
Master Bath Remodel Level 1: In addition to the elements of the Master Bath Refresh, this remodel project will include new flooring, a new tile shower with a high quality shower door and higher quality fixtures, cabinets and countertops. Typically in the $20,000 - $35,000 range.
Master Bath Remodel Level II: Expanding on the Level I remodel, this remodel job involves numerous upgrades and potentially the adjustment of walls. Top of the line furniture and fixtures, custom showers with unique tile patterns, and cabinets that are of furniture quality. Typically in the $35,000 and up range.


text:
using System.Collections;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using UnityEngine;

public class ProjectileAttackSimulator : MonoBehaviour {

    public float radius;
    public float shotCooldown;
    private float timer;
    public GameObject projectile;

    // Use this for initialization
    void Start()
    {
    }

    // Update is called once per frame
    void Update()
    {

        timer += Time.deltaTime;
        while (timer > shotCooldown)
        {
            timer -= shotCooldown;
            var point = Random.onUnitSphere * radius;
            var direction = Quaternion.LookRotation(-point);
            Instantiate(projectile, point, direction);
            Debug.Log("New Projectile");
        }
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Extjs EmptyText Allignment to the right Can you please take a look at this form panel:
`http://jsfiddle.net/xuCQN/2/`

in the email textfield, I wanted the emptytext to be on the right, but what happened is when i focus on the field it get back to the left! How can i force it to stay on the right?

A: to do that you have to use input:focus property of css.
And here is the fiddle:
http://jsfiddle.net/xuCQN/3/


text:
Surgeon in Blue : Jonathan Letterman, the Civil War Doctor Who Pioneered Battlefield Care
by Scott McGaugh
Jonathan Letterman was an outpost medical officer serving in Indian country in the years before the Civil War, responsible for the care of just hundreds of men. But when he was appointed the chief medical officer for the Army of the Potomac, he revolutionized combat medicine over the course of four major battles--Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and Gettysburg--that produced unprecedented numbers of casualties. He made battlefield survival possible by creating the first organized ambulance corps and a more effective field hospital system. He imposed medical professionalism on a chaotic battlefield. Where before 20 percent of the men were unfit to fight because of disease, squalid conditions, and poor nutrition, he improved health and combat readiness by pioneering hygiene and diet standards. Based on original research, and with stirring accounts of battle and the struggle to invent and supply adequate care during impossible conditions, this new biography recounts Letterman's life from his small-town Pennsylvania beginnings to his trailblazing wartime years and his subsequent life as a wildcatter and the medical examiner of San Francisco. At last, here is the missing portrait of a key figure of Civil War history and military medicine. His principles of battlefield care continue to be taught to military commanders and first responders.
New & Used Marketplace 19 copies from $3.45
Surgeon in Blue (Paperback)
Publisher: Arcade Publishing $15.99 8 copies from $11.52
More About Surgeon in Blue by Scott McGaugh
Publish Date: July 2013
Medical (Incl. Patients)
United States - Civil War Period (1850-1877)


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text:
Now Now - 4/8/2023 April 8
Zoom (Virtual)
The third session in our Virtual Master Class series will be with Conja Jareño.
Featured Featured February 10 @ 7:00 pm - February 11 @ 11:00 pm
Peña On Stage
February 10 & 11
Chelsea Table + Stage 152 West 26th Street, New York, NY
The NYC take on the traditional Spanish flamenco club perfrmance.
Featured Featured March 2 @ 7:30 pm - March 4 @ 9:30 pm
Tablao Flamenco:
March 2-4
(Le) Poisson Rouge 158 Bleecker St, New York, NY
Tablao returns to NYC at LPR.
FREE History Class
Free history class: On Flamenco and the Roma
March 8 @ 6:00 pm - March 11 @ 9:00 pm
Flamenco Vivo Studios 4 West 43rd St., 8th Floor, New York
Raquel Heredia is back in NYC for a 4 day workshop.
March 18 @ 8:00 am - 10:00 pm
Tour 2023: Fronteras
Carpenter Performing Arts Center 1250 BELLFLOWER BOULEVARD, Long Beach, CA
FRONTERAS is a new evening-length work choreographed by José Maldonado and Karen Lugo, with an original score by Jose Luis de la Paz. It challenges the imposition of boundaries on a single person, a group, and society as a whole.
Smothers Theatre 24255 Pacific Coast Highway, Malibu
Clemens Fine Arts Center 4810 Alben Barkley Drive, Paducah, KY
Straz Center 1010 N. WC MACINNES PLACE, Tampa, FL
Featured Featured April 2
Cuadro Flamenco
A chance to see (and support) the next generation of dancers in Evolución, Flamenco Vivo's multi-tiered network of support for flamenco artists.
April 5 @ 6:00 pm - April 6 @ 10:00 pm
Tour 2023: Tablao
Artis-Naples 5833 Pelican Bay Boulevard, Naples
Tablao Flamenco captures the spirit of Spain's flamenco cafes. Named after the wooden floor used by a bailaor/a (dancer), tablao performances are highly virtuosic and improvisational.
April 8 @ 8:00 pm - 10:00 pm
Ent Center for the Arts 5225 N Nevada Ave, Colorado Springs, CO