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Washington Irving's "The Angler"
By Henry John Steiner
In Sleepy Hollow History, Uncategorized
Historian of Sleepy Hollow
Title Page – Serial No. 1 of The Sketch Book
"The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" was completed by Washington Irving 200 years ago, in 1819. (2019 is its bicentennial year!) The larger work in which it appears, The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent. was published by Washington Irving in installments during 1819 and 1820. Soon collected editions of the The Sketch Book appeared in Britain and the United States. The next-to-last offering in that work is entitled, "The Angler," which precedes "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
This was not always the sequence of the two sketches, but let's not get too deeply into the historical "weeds" of their publication. Suffice it to say that, at a later date (1848), Irving considered "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" to be the most compelling "finale" to The Sketch Book.
Brook Trout— Currier and Ives
In "The Angler," Irving neglects to mention his own earliest experiences on a trout stream in Sleepy Hollow. Although, some of that first experience seeped into the pages of both "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "The Angler." These angling forays began in the summer of 1798, when Washington was the youngest and frailest child of the Irving family in New York City. That summer waves of yellow fever that summer visited the port city of New York, a deadly side effect of its trade with the Southern States. Irving's family worried that one such wave of yellow fever might carry the fifteen-year-old boy away.
James Kirke Paulding
Irving was sent for the summer to the Hudson River community of Tarrytown, New York. A few years before, his oldest brother William had married Julia Paulding at the Paulding home on the Tarrytown waterfront. Julia was the daughter of a formerly prosperous merchant, William Paulding, and she was the sister of James Kirke Paulding who would in time become one of Irving's literary collaborators. (Note, the many Paulding children were also the cousins of local Revolutionary-War hero, John Paulding, well known in Tarrytown and Sleepy Hollow lore.) The marriage of William Irving and Julia Paulding significantly linked the Irving and Paulding families.
Pocantico freshet and bridge
That summer of 1798, James K. Paulding served as Washington Irving's guide through the forests and along the streams of the Pocantico River Valley in nearby Sleepy Hollow. Paulding was an experienced woodsman who when still a child had partly sustained his family by local hunting and fishing. That was during the post-Revolutionary War years, while Paulding's father languished in the county jail for debt. Irving later remembered that it was during his 1798 visit that, "I first tried my unpracticed hand at fishing." He recalled, "A thousand crystal springs… sent down from the hill-sides their whimpering rills, as if to pay tribute to the Pocantico…. I delighted to follow it into the brown recesses of the woods; to throw by my fishing gear and sit upon rocks beneath towering oaks and clambering grapevines…. My boyish fancy clothed all nature around me with ideal charms, and peopled it with the fairy beings I had read of in poetry and fable."
A few years following the great success of The Sketch Book, James K. Paulding published his own book which included a friendly critique of Washington Irving's angling ability: "He was the worst fisherman we ever knew…"
W.I. about ten years before The Sketch Book
Irving's essay, "The Angler, is loaded with tact and diplomacy. His earlier sketches had already charmed both sides of the Atlantic. He sought to maintain a cultivated American perspective that literally disarmed the British reader and informed Americans about nuances of British character, but never at the sacrifice of a good laugh. He also showed unique insight in the process of revealing aspects of British character to Britons! Of course Irving succeeds in this while demonstrating uncommon literary ability and sophistication. The American writer is entertaining, poking fun at Americans and Britons alike, but his humor never cuts too deeply. Where he jokes, he is generally good-natured and agreeable. An Anglophile and devotee of English Letters, Irving arrived in England only a few years after America's conflict with Great Britain the War of 1812, making his enthusiastic reception by British readers and British literary critics all the more startling. He seemed to show through his writings that he had come to Britain with an open heart. His literary tone and style would have resonated well with this audience, as it "looked back" to the stylistic antecedents of British literature's Classical Age and incorporated contemporary traits of English Romanticism.
Fishing Creel
Washington Irving was on a tour of Wales from July 31, 1815 to August 14, 1815, during which he toured with a traveling companion (James Renwick), kept a journal, and enjoyed more than a few local trout and grayling dinners. His journal sheds almost no light on the subjects in "The Angler." Irving appears to have had little interaction with Welsh country folk on that trip, although he recorded his impressions of the countryside and some figures in Welsh history. After completing the tour, he arrived in Liverpool where he was confronted with family business problems. Those troubles would continue to unsettle him until the bankruptcy of his brothers' export partnership in 1818. Irving was associated with the business as a kind of junior partner, but his personal finances and fortunes were bound up in it. A year after the Wales excursion he would travel to Derbyshire with his brother Peter in August of 1816. They sought to follow the "tracks" of early British angling authority, Izaak Walton. Irving would take yet another excursion through the Welsh countryside in late June 1817, with his brother Peter and William C. Preston—an American lawyer and political figure.
Sir Henry Wotton
"The Angler" begins with a verse motto by 17th century British diplomat and angler, Sir Henry Wotton, who enjoyed fishing a particular section of the River Thames with famed seventeenth-century English angling authority, Izaak Walton. The work is a relatively short "sketch" of twenty-one paragraphs. It suggests to us an idea of what a varied work The Sketch Book is as a whole. "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" and "The Angler" have aspects in common. They share a humorous tongue-in-cheek tone, and they both exhibit rustic backdrops and moments of Romantic Era sentimentality. Astoundingly, both sketches include a charactacter or person who was maimed by a cannonball! But, unlike "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow," "The Angler," is a work of nonfiction. One might called it an essay or a short memoir.
Izaak Walton
The sketch begins with its narrator observing how the legacy of early British author/angler, Izaac Walton, and his book, The Compleat Angler (1653) have seduced and inspired young gentlemen in America. The old book has ignited a vogue which Irving describes as, "angling mania," a craze similar to that produced by Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe, which inspired British boys to run off to sea. We learn that "The Angler's" narrator and a group of his friends were enthused one winter by reading The Compleat Angler. By early summer the young men traveled together on a quixotic adventure along an American country stream.
A particular type of novice fisherman is introduced, one whose attention to the requisite dress and accoutrements of the sport absurdly outweigh his skill. He is a common "butt" character-type of English literature, with precursors reaching back to and before the cross-gartered Malvolio of Shakespeare's, Twelfth Night. We see him in twentieth century American Westerns too, he is the "dude" or "tenderfoot," the ludicrously tailored cowboy who arrives at the ranch never having "thrown" a rope in his life.
The Compleat Angler
The narrator contrasts the typical English trout stream with one in his native United States. The American stream is a rough, steep brook set in the terrain of the Hudson River Highlands. It is contrasted with a typically placid English trout stream. He later returns to the American stream, which presents itself as an angry torrent. He describes how it runs its course, becoming agreeably peaceful as it descends to more level terrain. The paragraph ends with a bit of unexpected and gratuitous misogyny. The stream is likened to a housewife who is petulant and difficult at home, but who walks out in public with a phony air of sweet good-nature.
There follows a short revery, invoking the memory of a cherished rural scene in the narrator's home country. He places before us a picture of peace and calm along a rustic brook, finishing with an earnest exclamation.
Cascade Pool at high water
We next meet "the bungler," a self-effacing portrait of the narrator as an angler. He lacks the "patience and adroitness" for angling and finally abandons the pursuit of trout to meditate and dream under the trees, submitting to the realization that it was the idea of angling that had bewitched him and not the actual practice. The narrator watches his companions as they continue their hunt, secure in their delusions about the sport. The creatures of the forest are alarmed and unsettled by this indelicate intrusion on their precincts.
The narrator remembers that after a day of these inept efforts the squad of over-equipped gentlemen had little to show for their exertions. Soon there appeared a young country boy, a proficient "urchin," who equipped with the crudest equipment put to shame the older empty-handed amateurs.
Gentlemen fishing
The narrator fondly remembers the special camaraderie in his group of friends, sitting about having lunch at stream-side, reading aloud passages from Walton. He remembers the warm feelings they shared. We learn that these thoughts and feelings are triggered by the narrator's more recent experience on the River Alun in Wales. [The River Alun empties into the River Dee about twenty miles south of Liverpool in England.]
"Brook Trout Fishing"— Currier and Ives
There he encountered a "weathered" old man with a wooden leg who was coaching "two rustic disciples" in the art of angling. One of these followers he typed "the poacher," from his slightly cagey manner. The other he labeled "a tall, awkward country lad." Our narrator refers to an old treatise on fishing which touts the pure and unoffending nature of the average fisherman and the moral benefits of angling. The narrator claims that, since reading Izaak Walton, he has a "kind feeling" for those who fish. Walton manages to turn the accustomed image of the idle, uncouth fisherman on its head, crediting the angler with industry and spiritual devotion.
Our storyteller believes he can read into the character of the old man an attractive, "cheerful contentedness." This energetic and skilled instructor demonstrates to his students how best to hold the rod and the proper use of the other equipment. The beauty of the Welsh countryside is noted.
The narrator then joins the old angler for the better part of a day, encouraging him to speak broadly on angling. For, "who does not like now and then to play the sage?" The angler is also spurred on to provide details about his life in general.
Stream and mill dam, Sleepy Hollow
The old man tells the narrator that he spent many of his youthful years in America, where he was ruined by an unscrupulous business partner. He relates the story of how he lost his leg—carried away by a cannonball when he served in the British Navy. [Note that, in the story which follows "The Angler," there is a character—the Headless Horseman—who has also lost a body part through the agency of a cannonball!] Due to this wound, the old man enjoys the benefit of a pension amounting to nearly forty pounds-per-year. In the words of the narrator, "This was the only stroke of real good-fortune he had ever experienced…" It enabled him to retire to his native village and live the life of an avid fisherman of modest means.
Welsh country village
The old man, too, has an appreciation of Walton's famous book. His manner is generally outgoing and positive by nature. He does not appear to carry any ill will toward the United States for his business misfortune in America. One of the old man's "students"—the tall awkward one—is the son of a stout widow who keeps the village inn. No doubt the old man hopes that this will secure him a favored place at the inn's fireside and an occasional free drink for years to come.
Anglers, while exacting cruel torments on the live bait they employ, nevertheless tend to be, by nature, gentle and serene. The English are adept and systematic at "softening" nature. The dedicated angler receives beneficial religious ministrations as he walks in a "meadow along some gliding stream." To him, it is a God-affirming experience, or so Walton asserts. A short poetic interlude about fishing follows.
Pocantico River, a pool
The narrator seeks out the old man in his country village, arriving at the one-room cottage a few evenings later. The description of his modest home seems intended to endorse the wholesome, simple lifestyle of a humble Briton. The man lives with a cat and a parrot in the well-ordered modest cottage amid simple pleasures. He is regularly mopping and sweeping it to keep it tidy. He speaks of his fishing activities that day—the big trout he caught—and tells of sending the fish to the woman who keeps the inn, presumably to enhance his good will there.
The scenic Pocantico River
The old man is praised and approved of for his peaceful contentment and good nature. He is a "universal favorite in the village and the oracle of the tap-room…". To that is added, "his life was quiet and inoffensive…". He is a regular attendee at church services (sleeping during sermons), and he desires to be buried in the churchyard where the remains of his parents lie. He can see that very gravesite as he looks out the window from his seat in church.
Pocantico stream improvements
The narrator fears he has wearied his readers and must end his story. He loves the idea of fishing, but the practice of it will always elude him. He offers a tongue-in-cheek blessing on the reader, adapted from Izaak Walton, who hopes that his own reader will trust in God, "and be quiet, and go a-angling."
In "The Angler" Irving is entertaining and his style proficient and cultivated. Admittedly, he is not brilliant. Still, the sketch is preparatory to the final story of The Sketch Book. There we will find the voice and tone of "The Angler" employed in one of the truly brilliant works of American Literature, the virtuoso performance of Irving in "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow."
[Copyright © 2019 Henry John Steiner]
Andre's Tree – The Vanished Landmark
In Sleepy Hollow History
I wrote the following piece many years ago, prodded by the knowledge that Andre's Tree was a real, historic – though now extinct – landmark. My researches in local history taught me that many well-intentioned writers of the 19th and 20th centuries had, through ignorance and misinterpretation, consigned this important landmark to mythological status…
Major John Andre
Sleepy Hollow and Tarrytown once had an impressive, living landmark which stood near what is today the border of the two villages. André's Tree was an ancient, enormous tulip or white-wood tree which towered over the Post Road until 1801. According to Washington Irving's friend, James K. Paulding, it stood "About half a quarter of a mile south of Clark's Kill bridge, on the high-road…." In other words, it stood roughly where Broadway passes Warner Library today.
Where Andre's Tree once stood—near the parking lot entry to Warner Library, Tarrytown
The American Citizen newspaper of August 25, 1801, reported that the tree was destroyed by lightning on Saturday, July 21, 1801. It measured 29 feet around at the base, 111 feet in height, 106 feet in diameter at the crown. Some local folk preserved pieces of the tree as keepsakes. The newspaper also recorded that the lightening strike was said to have occurred on the day that news of Benedict Arnold's death in England arrived at Tarrytown.
A cluster of tulip trees in the Sleepy Hollow section of Patriots' Park, about 300 yards from where Andre's Tree once stood
As the name suggests, the tree is associated with the momentous capture of the British spy, Major John André, and, indeed, there is a tradition that André was either stopped or searched directly under the tree. However, the actual capture site lay at the intersection of André Brook and the Albany Post Road, approximately two hundred yards to the north.
Patriots' Park tulip tree leaves
On another score, General Jacob Odell recalled that the tree served as an enlistment station for patriots of the vicinity during the spring of 1776. He and three cousins from the Irvington area, rode or walked up the Post Road to enlist with the local militia in the June of 1776.
The tree is associated with several spurious traditions too, among them:
That Major André was hanged at the tree
That the tree was destroyed upon receipt of the news of André's death in Tappan
That the tree stood along André Brook.
The name, "Major André's tree," appears in "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow" (1819). Washington Irving described the tree from first-hand observations made roughly twenty years earlier. It is not clear when the tree was first given the name, André's Tree, but the name appears to have originated after the destruction of the tree itself. A remarkable feature of the tree is that it stood, literally, in the middle of the road. That is, the road split to either side of the tree, a unique circumstance even in that day.
A tulip tree in Patriots' Park, Sleepy Hollow
The extensive description of the tree in the "Legend of Sleepy Hollow" may be well worth revisiting. "Many dismal tales were told about funeral trains, and mourning cries and wailings heard and seen about the great tree where the unfortunate André was taken." Irving goes on, "The common people regarded it with a mixture of respect and superstition, partly out of sympathy for the fate of its ill-starred namesake, and partly from the tales of strange sights and doleful lamentations told concerning it." The narrator of the story refers to it as a"fearful tree."
Christopher Coles mislabeled Andre's Tree an oak in his 1789 survey.
When he was writing the story in 1819, Irving may have been unaware that the tree had been destroyed by lightning nearly twenty years earlier. If he was accurately describing the tree from his own youthful observations, André's Tree had been the target of earlier lightning strikes: "As he approached a little nearer, he thought he saw something white, hanging in the midst of the tree—he paused and ceased whistling, but on looking more narrowly, he perceived that it was a place where the tree had been scathed by lightning, and the white wood laid bare."
It appears that the tree continued to serve as a convenient reference point even after it was gone. In 1845 a local Revolutionary War veteran, Samuel Lyon, recalled that he was in a detachment chasing enemy loyalist troops on September 4, 1781, when he observed the enemy troopers, "near André's great white wood tree." Lyon had seen them from the hill above the Old Dutch Church, but the enemy slipped away before he and his comrades could attack them.
The twentieth century nearly banished André's Tree to the realm of myth. It was, however, a real, living and unique landmark coloring the life and traditions of this community in its earliest days, and even a monument of purely Native American times. A great part of what the tree really was, lives on. It's image is stamped in the pages of one of America's great works of fiction.
Copyright 2012, 2019 Henry John Steiner
Andre Brook, Andre's Tree, Benedict Arnold, HeadlessHorseman, James K. Paulding, John Paulding, legend of sleepy hollow, Major John Andre, sleepy hollow, Tarrytown, washington irving
Poe in Westchester
In sleepy hollow
Poe in 1848
Few of us realize that a great American author, Edgar Allan Poe, once lived in Westchester County. Well, he sort of did. We can assert this because the Bronx was once the southern part of Westchester. The Bronx was part of the county at the time of Westchester's founding, in 1683. The area remained the southern part of Westchester until the creation of Greater New York City in the years 1874 and 1898. So, for 191 years (at a minimum) the Bronx was within the county of Westchester. For as long as Poe lived in the Bronx, he lived in Westchester County.
Good—we got that out of the way…
Poe Park map
The part of the Bronx in which Poe resided was Fordham Village, one of the eleven villages in the now extinct township of West Farms. The present-day Grand Concourse runs north-south, through the Fordham Village of old, and the humble farmhouse or cottage which Poe rented stood on the west side of where the Concourse runs today. The little Poe house was subsequently relocated to the east side of the boulevard in the early twentieth century. It stands within a small public park, named Poe Park, and the historic house functions as a tiny museum with a street address of 2640 Grand Concourse.
Poe cottage front wide
Poe had settled in Manhattan in 1844. He then moved to the Fordham cottage in the spring of 1846 in the company of his wife, Virginia Clemm Poe, and his mother-in-law (who was also Poe's aunt), Maria Poe Clemm. The New York and Harlem Railroad had only recently become the first line to connect New York City and Westchester County, and service to Fordham had opened in 1841. It is likely that Poe took advantage of this link to the publishers of lower Manhattan. Occasionally Poe would be visited by messengers carrying proofs of his writing from printing houses in New York.
An Addendum… Native Sons & The Battle of the Ironclads
In Tarrytown
I wrote a piece earlier about the Monitor and the Merrimack (the Virginia) and their epic battle. We also noted how that event was significantly shaped by two figures with ties to the Sleepy Hollow/Tarrytown area. Lieutenant John Lorimer Worden (born at Scarborough/Sparta) actually commanded the Union ship Monitor, and Commodore Hiram Paulding (most famous child of local hero, John Paulding) personally commanded the emergency Union naval expedition that preemptively scuttled the Merrimack at Gosport, Virginia, before it was raised and refitted as an ironclad by the Confederate Navy. A short time later, Paulding would be influential in promoting the Union's construction of the Monitor. He was furthermore the commandant of the New York Navy Yard when the newly completed Monitor was ordered to its fateful service at Hampton Roads, Virginia. But another figure residing in our community also played a significant behind-the-scenes role in the story.
The Homestead, Tarrytown
Henry Rossiter Worthington, did not hail from Westchester County, but he did become a resident of Tarrytown, possibly as early as 1859. In fact, Worthington and his family were close neighbors to "Sunnyside." Worthington's residence, "the Homestead," was located a few hundred yards northeast of Washington Irving's well known country seat. Worthington's association with the battle between the ironcads lay in the fact that both the Monitor and the Merrimack were fitted out with essential equipment designed by Worthington himself. Wrote John Ericsson, the celebrated designer of the Monitor, to Worthington, "I regard your pumping engine as the greatest achievement in Hydraulic Engineering of our time."
HR Worthington at 48
Engineer and inventor, Henry R. Worthington, was born at New York City in 1817 and educated in the city's public schools. He became a mechanical engineering prodigy who, at an early age, became acutely interested in the problems of the notorious New York City water supply existing at that time. It is likely that the young man experienced first-hand the rash of epidemics stemming from the city's unwholesome water supply, as well as the destruction caused by lack of a sufficient water supply to fight the "1835 Great Fire of New York."
On September 24, 1839, Worthington married Sarah Elizabeth Newton, the daughter of Commodore John Thomas Newton of Alexandria, Virginia. Commodore Newton commanded the USS Missouri on the first Atlantic crossing of a United States steam warship.
Replica pump – detail
By the age of twenty-three, Worthington was patenting innovative water pumps which would lead to his development of the direct acting steam pump in 1845. In 1845, he co-founded with William H. Baker, Worthington and Baker. The new company set up a small shop near the Brooklyn Navy Yard, and made its first sale to the United States Navy in 1850. As their business with the United States Navy expanded, the operation moved in 1854 to larger quarters at Van Brunt Street in Red Hook, Brooklyn, where Worthington developed the duplex steam pump in 1859. Upon the death of Baker in 1860 the partnership dissolved, and Worthington's business was reestablished as Henry R. Worthington. That year the company developed the first duplex waterworks engine.
Detail 1856 map of Brooklyn showing Van Brunt St,, Red Hook
Replica Worthington direct steam pump
Which brings us to 1861. Someone once told me that, in extreme situations at sea, when a ship is sinking, the very last item one throws over the side is the pump. This little adage appears to stress the importance of a good pump aboard a ship. It was in the early months of 1861 that the United States Navy scuttled the steam frigate Merrimack at Gosport, Virginia. Confederate forces then raised the vessel and redesigned it for use as an ironclad, before renaming her the Virginia. The completed ironclad was equipped with two "large" Worthington pumps. These pumps were important components within the new warship, both to keep the vessel from flooding and to feed the Merrimack's huge boilers with water. Whether the pumps were salvaged from the scuttled Merrimack, or newly installed from another source later, is yet unclear to me.
In the same year (1861) the ironclad Monitor was in production at Greenpoint, Brooklyn. Its designer, the brilliant, exacting, and testy John Ericsson, saw to it that two Worthington pumps, purchased on October 19, 1861, were included in the warship. These pumps were approximately 4.5 feet-long and weighed about 400 pounds. They were to be used as bilge pumps and to replenish the ship's boilers with seawater. Both were steam-operated, and could keep the bilge (the interior of the hull) dry without resorting to the old laborious method of manual pumping.
At the time of the famous naval battle between the two prototypical ironclads, The Merrimack attempted to ram the Monitor after having lost its heavy ram in action the previous day. The Monitor was little scathed by this attack, but the Confederate ship, as it drew away, began to leak at the bow and take on water. The executive officer of the Merrimack, now in command of the ship, was concerned that his ship might founder—that is run aground or sink. He was inclined to withdraw from the contest and steam back to port. But the bellicose engineer of the Merrimack exclaimed in frustration at such prudence, "With the two large Worthington pumps, besides the bilge injections, we could keep her afloat for hours, even with a ten inch shell in her hull." Over this objection, the ship made for home.
The Sinking of the USS Monitor
Neither ironclad saw battle again, but the Monitor was to sink in a violent storm off Cape Hatteras about midnight on New Year's Eve, December 31, 1862. The crew managed to keep her afloat for a time using the Worthington pumps, but the conditions were too extreme for even those contemporary marvels to save the ship. The men were forced to abandon ship, and the Monitor sank with the loss of sixteen lives.
Original Worthington pump, encrusted. Salvaged from the USS Monitor
Near the end of the twentieth century, the wreck of the Monitor was located off Cape Hatteras. In the twenty-first century, parts of the ship and equipment have been retrieved from the wreck. Some skeletal remains of crew members have been recovered too. Among the items brought to the surface was one of the Monitor's two Worthington Pumps. Though extremely corroded, the direct steam pump has been reverse-engineered into a life-sized working replica—a modern miracle.
HR Worthington in later years
Henry Rossiter Worthington's business continued to prosper. Pumps designed by Worthington and his associates would play an increasingly important role in water supply systems—and eventually in the oil industry. Worthington's company also developed precision instruments and hydraulic presses. By 1876, eighty municipalities throughout the United States and Canada had installed his waterworks engines. The capacities of those systems ran from 500,000 to 15,000,000 gallons per hour. In 1893, thirteen years after his death, 1160 of his waterworks engines had been installed throughout the world.
Detail 1891 map showing Homestead aka "Northcote"
Worthington became one of the three main founders of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He passed up an offer to become the society's first president in favor of becoming the society's first vice president. He would die only eight months later, on his birthday, December 17, 1880.
St Joseph of Arimathia Church
St Joseph of Arimathia sign
Following the death of her husband, Laura Worthington continued to live at "the Homestead." As noted earlier, the property lay to the northeast of Sunnyside, extending from the Old Croton Aqueduct on the west to Broadway on the east. The residence was built in 1835 by Benson Ferris (senior), the man who, that year, sold "Wolfert's Roost" to Washington Irving. (Wolfert's Roost was the name with which Irving dubbed his new purchase when it was still but an ancient, colonial farmhouse.) The Homestead was the new home that Benson Ferris built for himself upon selling Wolfert's Roost. Ferris sold his new residence in 1856,
Worthington vault, detail
before he relocated into the (then) hamlet of Tarrytown. That may have been the year in which the Worthingtons brought the Homestead. A census of June, 1880, the year of Worthington's death, the house was reported occupied by Worthington, his wife, a son, a daugther-in-law, a sister, and four servants. The property is today embraced by the Belvedere Estate, and the mansion was replaced by the Belvedere mansion in the early twentieth century. Note, the Homestead appears on an 1891 Beers map as "Northcote."
Worthington vault
Mrs. Worthington ordered a memorial chapel erected in honor of her husband and which would house his remains. It was built in 1883 near the Saw Mill River, on four acres of land belonging to the Worthington family. That parcel borders the east side of Saw Mill River Road (Route 9A) south of Elmsford, New York. Given to the Episcopal Church in 1896, three years after the death of Sarah E. Worthington, the chapel is today known as Saint Joseph of Arimathia Episcopal Church. The remains of Henry Rossiter Worthington (and presumably his wife's) are entombed in the Worthington vault beneath the church.
Herodotus "The Beginning"
In sleepy hollow, Sleepy Hollow History, Tarrytown, Washington Irving
A Personal Beginning
I have strange reading habits—more on that in another post… As an undergraduate student, I studied literature—English literature—and I started out in a Catholic university named Saint Bonaventure. I confess that, at the time, I had little interest in continuing my formal education. This was after graduating from Sleepy Hollow High School…
HJS—freshman
One of the things that most attracted me to literature, particularly the classics, was the historical component, be it the writings of Charles Dickens, Samuel Pepys, or pre-Shakespearian drama. People who are aware of my role as Sleepy Hollow Historian often assume that I was a college history major. History has always been a passion of mine, and I have searched for it in out-of-the-way places. I don't know specifically how I contracted the history "bug." It might have been my father's early morning tales of World War II—he occasionally threw a war story off on his way to work. He usually told me the funny ones—about his buddies in the army counter-intelligence corps—not the tragic ones. Or maybe it was my mother who connected me with history, who had taught school in France, who sat telling me stories of ancient Greek myths and the "Song of Roland," the stalwart knight of Charlemagne.
Somehow or other history and stories of the past seeped into my veins. Many years later I found a kindred soul in Washington Irving himself—his not so crazy mix of history and story. Who can blame me for my history "habit," seated as I have been with a front row seat on the lower Hudson River, with an unobstructed view on the scene of America's War of Revolution? Here I can easily see where so many of the players in that epic struggle left their footprints. So little time, so many stories of the past!
The Last Days of Washington Irving
In sleepy hollow, Tarrytown, Washington Irving
Historian of Sleepy Hollow, New York
A Genius for Writing
I tend to see Washington Irving as a master of Literature's Classical Age as well as its Romantic Age. His style might be called a hybrid of those two epochs. It is difficult to say exactly how Irving emerged in Federal America with such a strong and polished voice on only a basic education. He seemed to have been born fully-formed, like Athena from the head of Zeus, a product of the American consciousness, but with unmistakable British overtones. These he took no pains to conceal. I think Irving can hardly be censured for turning to British models when we consider the spare American literary legacy that was his—the moralizing of Cotton Mather and Benjamin Franklin. Washington Irving's youthful, satirical writings in Salmagundi and Knickerbocker's History of New York displayed a brilliant and confident style indebted to Joseph Addison, Richard Steele, Jonathan Swift, Oliver Goldsmith, and perhaps Pope and Johnson. Those who do not think of Irving as also a Romantic need only turn to his writings on the Hudson River and spirit of Christmas. His achievement was greatly admired by the writers of his time, both home and abroad.
"Seven Dollars in My Pocket"
Some time between 1796 and 1797, eighteen-year-old James Kirke Paulding boarded a market sloop at Tarrytown with seven dollars in his pocket. He was headed for Manhattan to seek his fortune. Paulding was a homegrown Tarrytowner, and he knew the people and the landscape by heart. His family lived by Tarrytown Bay. The Pauldings were forced to flee from Tarrytown during the Revolutionary War years and settle into self-imposed exile in northern Westchester. James K. Paulding was born at Great Nine Partners near Peekskill, in 1778.
A Book About the Real Sleepy Hollow
In sleepy hollow, Tarrytown, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow, Washington Irving
In the years following the reclaiming of the name of Sleepy Hollow in 1996, I received many inquiries for information about the real, historic village of Sleepy Hollow. As the village historian, I found it difficult to reply to them all. Many of the questions I received had to do with how the historic village relates to the famous story. It was then that I began to write the material included in The Historically Annotated Legend of Sleepy Hollow, though it was actually many years before the book was published. It is now available…
Irving, Dickens, and Christmas Spirit
In Charles Dickens, Christmas, sleepy hollow, Tarrytown, Washington Irving
I have long been familiar with the life and writings of American literary great and local celebrity, Washington Irving. Yet at times I am newly surprised at the range of influence that this genial and easygoing man had on his contemporaries. It was an influence born of his genius, cordiality, and personal appeal. In Irving's day, his company and friendship were widely sought after, particularly in America, but also in England and continental Europe. It was Irving who first brought American letters to the world. So, it should come as no small surprise to find Irving's influence in the spirit of our holiday celebrations.
But, how do we celebrate Christmas as a society? Are we disposed to resist the "unholy" call to commercial frenzy and espouse the spirit of peace, abundance, generosity, and mirth? How did the Christmas spirit begin to manifest itself in us this year? Did it begin with an emotionally uncomfortable Black Friday, or a sprig of evergreen in the lapel? Is there any sign of the spirit at all? I think most of us would prefer a holiday that is not the culmination of a Black Friday starting gun, we would prefer a Christmas day where we are not too depleted to savor and reflect upon the celebration's finer associations and to join in some light-hearted reveling.
The Old Dam—Sleepy Hollow, Part III Favorite Places
In Pocantico River, sleepy hollow
So, after describing a couple of places in Irvington and Tarrytown, it's time for me to turn to Sleepy Hollow…
I would have a personal connection with this place if only because it offered me a convenient escape to tranquility and solitude. Today at the old dam, you will no longer hear the crank and sputter of the vanished millwheel; the Lister brothers ran a "bone and button" mill here in the nineteenth century. Nor will one hear the huff and chug of the Pocantico Tool & Die Works, the second mill that occupied this site, in the late 1800s. Nor will you hear the shouts and splashes of the Webber Park neighbors who plunged into the now vanished millpond on a hot summer day. It is a place that has been returned to nature, dedicated to the sound, sight, taste, and feel of a historic trout stream and its legendary valley.
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One Man's Pizza
I consider myself a pizza aficionado (or should I say snob) and have sampled many of the legends. For old school, brick oven, coal fired style I've been to original John's on Bleecker Street, Grimaldi's just over the Brooklyn Bridge, Patsy's in East Harlem, Lombardi's in SoHo, and the original Totonno's in Coney Island. I've experienced the pleasures of the perfect New York "regular" slice at Joe's on Bleecker. For Sicilian slices, there wasn't much better than Sal's in Mamaroneck. Back in my college days, I often ditched dorm dinner to drive over an hour for the clam pie at Frank Pepe's in New Haven or a meatball "apizza" from Zuppardi's in nearby West Haven. But I had never been to the much celebrated Di Fara's Pizzeria in Midwood, Brooklyn.
The crowds waiting to eat at Di Fara's were as legendary as the pizza. Di Fara's definitely took planning; open for lunch from 12 until 4:30 and then closed until 6 made the timing tough. Do you get there before 6 and hang out outside waiting for it to open? Do you time it so you arrive after the first wave has ordered? Or do you make Di Fara's an afternoon- long lunch break? It all seemed too complicated until, finally, Gerry and I ventured to Midwood 2007; leaving in the late afternoon hoping to arrive just as Di Fara's opened for dinner. It just so happened that our group was scheduled to convene the following night at a traditional, not so celebrated place. What follows below is part one of what turned out to be an eating doubleheader.
1424 Avenue J
Midwood, Brooklyn
Gerry and I knew it would be a challenge. Zio couldn't do it; the termites were beginning their early spring spawn and his talents were needed elsewhere. Mike from Yonkers claimed other commitments such as a job. Eugene claimed other commitments such as working out, if that can possibly be believed. Rick was a Di Fara veteran and a hard working executive; consecutive eating orgies might appear to be frivolous. That left only Gerry and I. We were braced for back to back expeditions to the outer boroughs and the culinary pleasures they promised starting with a long anticipated trip to the much hyped Di Fara Pizza followed by a trip to Queens and a Japanese place picked by Eugene called Yamakaze.
Normally we wouldn't consider a food destination if we classified it "much hyped," but for Di Fara's we were willing to make an exception. Yes, the pizzeria had been ballyhooed in all the local publications, many claiming it to be the best pizza in the city. And after making the trek, finding it surrounded by Kosher bakeries and grocery stores on Avenue J in the heart of Jewish-orthodox Midwood, Brooklyn; the exterior non-descript, the interior cramped, the few tables either occupied or empty but with bits of congealed cheese, olive oil, sauce, and crust from possibly a generation of diners still on the tables, the walls, where the paint wasn't peeling or crumbling, covered with accolades from all the usual suspects: New York Magazine, Time Out New York, Newsday, the Daily News, the Times, along with a photo of Di Fara proprietor and master pizza maker Dominic DeMarco and his daughter with Rob Reiner, and a framed, and very apt quote credited to Mohandas Gandhi: "There is more to life than increasing its speed."
Gerry and I both were prepared for a wait. We knew Dominic DeMarco took pride in making every pizza himself and his way, which was, so we heard, painstakingly methodical. There is no defined ordering system at Di Fara. When we walked in there were a number of people scattered around the counter. Was there a line to order? I asked but all I got in return were bemused smiles and shrugs. I took that to mean that there wasn't. But when Dominic's daughter, who was the old man's only help that evening, actually asked us what we wanted, we knew we had to be ready with a quick answer. That didn't leave any time to peruse the options so Gerry and I went with the easiest; a regular "round" pie and two slices of "square." And to our surprise, there were actually two hot square slices available as well as a just vacated, oil-streaked, tomato sauce-stained table. The slices would work as the perfect appetizer as we waited for our pie.
Square Pie
A stack of empty boxes that held cans of San Marzano tomatoes was piled next to the counter which I quickly attributed to the robust sauce on our "square" slices. When lifting the slice the olive oil slid gracefully over the cheese while the crust, cooked not in a wood burning brick oven and despite being saturated by the oil, retained a crunchy, almost fried-like texture. Before even tasting the slice, Gerry, reflexively, added granulated garlic which he almost immediately regretted; the addition totally superfluous.
So we devoured our slices and then began to wait. We had no idea who might have ordered before or after us. People began to fill the small confines, gathering around the counter. DeMarco's daughter had disappeared into the back; presumably to prepare additional ingredients like sausage, pepperoni, onions, and mushrooms. When she returned, she didn't immediately go to the counter to take orders but went about her business oblivious of the hordes that were forming. I went out and bought a few beers for the wait and bagels from one of the kosher bakeries for the next morning's breakfast. A half hour went by. A group of high school students who were there before us were still waiting for their pie. A man sitting and staring at the counter expectantly, also ahead of us, would occasionally get up, take a look at what was going on behind the counter only to return to his seat and resume his staring. The area around the counter was now three deep. Some were waiting for orders, others waiting to put in an order whenever the daughter got around to asking.
Our appetizer, the square slices, instead of holding off our appetites, increased it. We were ravenous. The daughter noticed us and checked her pad; she confirmed that our order had been placed. "Just a few more ahead of you," she said. That was reassuring.
Forty five minutes had passed. Our beers were gone. I was contemplating the bag of bagels. The high school kids finally got their pizza; we watched as Dominic, a bit stooped, accompanied the pie to the counter, hand grated parmesan cheese from a huge wedge and sprinkled it on the pie, added a slather of olive oil from an old fashioned spouted tin and then brought over a bunch of basil and using scissors, clipped a few leaves onto the pie. Gerry and I eyed the pizza as the kids began to eat. The man waiting next to us got up, made his way to the counter and tried to peer over it. Dominic noticed and nodded. The man acknowledged the nod. Progress. The next pizza out was his.
The hands of DeMarco at work.
We were close. We had been waiting just over an hour when we got the nod from Dominic. Gerry got up and let Dominic prepare the pie the Di Fara way; a sprinkling of grated cheese, a few swirls of olive oil, and then the freshly scissor-cut basil. Gerry brought the pie to the table. We waited just a few moments for it to cool down while admiring its aesthetic perfection and then, despite hungry, envious eyes upon us, began to deliberately consume it, slice by slice, finishing in less than a quarter of the time of our wait for it to arrive.
It was large pie and despite its somewhat delicate crust, still heartier than the thin, coal-fueled oven pies from say, Patsy's in Harlem or Totonno's in Coney Island. which made finishing it in its entirety an accomplishment or a blatant display of gluttony, depending on your point of view. Gerry and I certainly believed it was the former. What was the point in taking a slice or two home? We could have been generous and shared a last slice with one of the many now waiting anxiously for DeMarco to make their pizza. But then who knew when we would ever return to Midwood and subject ourselves to the bitter and the sweet of Di Fara Pizza? The pizza was extraordinary, but was it worth the long, confusing wait within Di Fara's dingy, cramped confines. Di Fara's requires work; you have to plan your visit, trying your best to avoid prime times, but, in a strange way, maybe the extra effort enhances the flavor and overall dining experience. Maybe Di Fara's pizza would not taste so special if it were more accessible? If nothing else, it was something to think about on the long ride home.
Where the man works.
Since our visit in 2007, Gerry has returned to Di Fara's several times, but I've never been back. Again, it's the planning thing; I just haven't cleared the afternoon/evening to make the trek. And Di Fara's is seemingly recession-proof; in 2009 they upped their slice to a whopping $5. But Di Fara's is unique; the pizza cannot really be replicated. Or so I thought? According to Di Fara's website; www.difara.com, there is the sobering news that there will be a Di Fara's debuting this summer in, where else, Las Vegas. The only good news about that is that the time it takes to get to Midwood from where I live in Manhattan along with the requisite hour plus wait for a pie, it actually might be faster to get a Vegas Di Fara slice into my mouth than a Brooklyn slice.
Tags: cooking, Dining, Food, New York City, restaurants, Travel
Categories Brooklyn, Cheap Eats in New York City, Food, humor, New York City, Pizza, Restaurants
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One Response to "One Man's Pizza"
James Lax June 14, 2011 at 6:12 pm #
Your best review to date !!! I would have "killed" to be there with you and Jerry… Pizza and beer, every mans' last meal ! God, that square pizza in the photo looked good ! Reading your narrative, I swear I was there, figuratively anyway… Curiousity begs the question, was the garlic salt Salvati's ? I will never forget our old chum Pauly D. (whose face remarkably resembled the DiFara round pizza)who would cover his isde of the pie with Salvati's… And the memories of Sals in Mamaroneck… I gotta know, how did Sals sicilian stack up against DiFara's square ? Keep on writing… LAX

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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My Mother Bids Me Bind My Hair
This gentle, plaintive air, which lent the title to my Regency novel, My Mother Bids Me, is one I've sung often and is particularly good for vocal training. Although it's easy on the ear, it can be a challenge to perform with a precise and shifting tempo meant to convey halting despair on the daughter's part and her mother's brisk chiding that life goes on despite the absence of loved ones. The object of the girl's affections is someone named 'Lubin' and I've long been intrigued by who he was, especially since his name might prove him an exotic figure. After all, this was the era of the Napoleonic Wars.
Research suggests a certain alchemy between the lyricist's experiences and creative imagination. All novelists, poets, artists, will understand the workings of this mystical process.
Anne Hunter, née Home, who wrote the text, was the eldest daughter of impoverished Scottish surgeon, Robert Boyne Home of Greenlaw Castle, Berwickshire, and sister of Sir Everard Home, Serjeant-Surgeon to King George III. She is believed to have been born in 1742, in Ireland, where her father was surgeon to a regiment of Marines and where he probably met and married her mother. From there, they moved to York, and, later, to Edinburgh, their family expanding meanwhile. Home had retired on half-pay in the late 1740s, but in 1760 travelled to London to enlist in General Burgoyne's 16th Light Dragoons which were shortly to see action in France and Spain during the Seven Years War.
General John Burgoyne (after Allan Ramsay)
It must have been a salve to Anne's soul when the family removed to Suffolk Street, Pall Mall, in 1763 at the close of that expedition. It put an end to the itinerant army life, a world of women, children and lodgings, days where imagination took flight between the pages of books. Via her father's comrades, she was introduced to a cultural scene that encompassed many famous names in the arts and sciences. It suited her well and in due course she was drawn into the activities of the Blue Stockings, at that time inclusive of both genders! Their name evolved from a dislike of formal wear which demanded stockings of black silk, with the inference that high-minded pursuits were to be preferred to the sartorial imperatives of a frivolous bon ton.
The Blue Stockings as Muses at the Temple of Apollo - Richard Samuel
When Anne entered this circle, some of the 'old guard' had passed away or retired to their hearths. Anna Letitia Barbauld, Elizabeth Carter, Elizabeth Griffith, Charlotte Lennox, Catharine Macaulay, all writers in one field or another, had established a buzzing society, much talked of. Initially, they had convened at 16, Royal Crescent, Bath, the home of Elizabeth Montagu, a prominent social reformer and patron of the arts. The playwright Sheridan's wife, the singer, Elizabeth Linley, was often to be found among the later company, together with writers Hester Thrale and Hannah More, Mary Delaney, the botanical artist, and Angelica Kaufmann, the painter with whom Anne Home formed a special bond. Fanny Burney, too, was one of Anne's admirers who accounted her 'extremely pretty and very ingenious'.
Anne is depicted as 'The Pensive Muse' by Angelica Kauffman, alluding to a vivid interior life and hunger for stimulating company. The lost painting, commemorated in the engraving shown, was probably a gift from Kauffman for Anne's services as witness at her wedding to Nicholas de Horn whose real name turned out to be Brandt. There is reason to believe he was a bigamist!
In London, Anne was introduced to John Hunter, a Scottish army doctor and surgeon when her father, who had served with him in the Belle Île campaign, invited him to their home. (Hunter later collaborated with Edward Jenner on his smallpox research.) He had studied anatomy with his elder brother, William, before training in two London hospitals, eventually becoming Assistant Surgeon at St George's Hospital and in 1768 was promoted surgeon. He was a mentor to Anne's younger brother, Everard, and to his nephew, Matthew Baillie, a physician acclaimed by the great and the good. Matthew's sister, Joanna, an aspiring poet and member of the Blue Stockings, greatly admired Anne Home and was delighted to become her niece when she and John Hunter, fourteen years her senior, were married in St James's, Piccadilly, in July, 1771.
On the face of it, Hunter and his wife were an ill-assorted pair, he with his obsession for the anatomy of humans and other vertebrates, she with her refined pursuits and growing family. There were three sons - two died in infancy - and a daughter. Everyone agreed that the parents were delightfully complementary. At his house in Earl's Court, their first marital home, Anne wrote poetry and entertained her friends, while John kept a substantial menagerie where unlikely species were reputed to live in the kind of harmony experienced by their owner! Hunter was a man whose Scottish ire was tempered by generosity and patience where his young wife was concerned. Others found him rude and repellent. He is best described as one who did not suffer fools gladly. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography says that he was 'not a learned man. His literary background was meagre, his linguistic skills inferior to the manual.' Though he was out of his comfort zone among Anne's friends, he was happy to let her offer hospitality under his roof and would occasionally join in, proud that his wife excelled as a hostess. She was widely commended for her beauty and talents and was said to have a happy knack of bringing together on a pleasant footing the most distinguished literary characters.
The Lion's Den
After twelve years, the family moved to Leicester Square, a commodious house where Hunter could arrange his species collections of animals and plants into a teaching museum. Included was a skeleton of an Irish giant of 7' 7" named Charles Byrne. The fellow had wished to be buried at sea, but Hunter intercepted the coffin's journey with a bribe, said to be of £500, suggesting that rocks should be substituted for the body!
Sadly, the even tenor of domestic life was dealt a shattering blow. On October 16th, 1793, Hunter collapsed and died from a heart attack during a dispute in a meeting of colleagues at St George's Hospital when he argued that students lacked adequate clinical training. Bouts of angina had been a warning sign for several years. Hunter's aptness to fly into rages of frustration finally got the better of him.
His will was complicated and, to add to her grief, his widow faced the prospect of fearfully diminished means. John had died deep in debt, having spent astronomical sums on his Collections. He'd intended for the Government to acquire them for the nation after his death, but Prime Minister William Pitt, entangled in conflict with the French, protested: "Why, I have not enough money to purchase gunpowder!" However, in 1799, the Government did elect to pay her the sum of £15,000 for the Hunterian Museum.
Talk of the Revolution and the beleaguered French Court was inevitable among Anne's Thursday night gatherings. In their midst was Fanny Burney, Madame d'Arblay, married to an exiled French General, an artillery officer under Lafayette. Her mother had been French, and a Catholic, and though her father, the famous musicologist, Dr Charles Burney, disapproved, Fanny was married to her impoverished emigré the July before John Hunter's death.
In Anne's first searing flush of grief, news reached England of Marie Antoinette's execution. She had died on the same day as Hunter. Perhaps they were even linked in some other sphere.
King Louis XVI had gone to the scaffold at the beginning of that year and had been held hostage alongside his Queen in the Tuileries Palace for many months. It was regal prison of locked and walled-up doors under the surveillance of the National Guard, where deference was turned on its head.
Despite it all, Marie Antoinette retained dignity and morale and, as far as was possible, kept her usual routines. One of the simple things that lifted her spirits was her signature rose perfume, brought to her by Lubin, an apprentice of Fargeon, her favourite perfumier, who was to become renowned in his own right. She was so grateful to receive these parcels and said the scent evoked the gardens of the Petit Trianon, a gift from her fated spouse. Such memories must have softened her grim captivity a little. She looked forward to Lubin's visits who was like an envoy from a lost world.
Throughout that winter of bereavement, with a bleak and impecunious future looming, Anne saw clearly that she would need to supplement her paltry income with her pen, or else become a governess. It was imperative that Agnes, the Hunters' only daughter, should contract a prudent marriage. As an exceptional beauty, Anne hoped that her daughter's face would be her fortune. When, in March, the following year, Sir James Campbell returned from a long stint in India, serving as Aide-de-Camp to his uncle who was Governor of Madras, the fates conspired. Two months later, the couple were married, defying the official conventions of mourning.
Agnes was less than ecstatic about the whole affair, but was persuaded of Campbell's devotion and her mother's genuine approval. Anne found in her son-in-law all that was amiable to the extent that Campbell generously contributed to her private purse. Perhaps securing the mother might secure the deeper affections of the daughter. Mother and daughter were as close as fond siblings.
Bonaparte was on the rampage and in the autumn of 1794, Campbell was posted to the Channel Islands and expected his wife to accompany him. This was an agonising turn of events for her mother. It was not only physical separation: she realised that her daughter's horizons and duties must be elsewhere and all the pleasures of their entwined daily life were gone for ever.
In her loneliness, she picks up her pen...
To my daughter On Being Separated from Her on Marriage
Dear to my heart as life's warm stream
Which animates this mortal clay,
For thee I court the waking dream,
And deck with smiles the future day;
And thus beguile the present pain
With hopes that we shall meet again.
Yet, will it be as when the past
Twined every joy, and care, and thought,
And o'er our minds one mantle cast
Of kind affections finely wrought?
Ah no? the groundless hope were vain,
For so we ne'er can meet again.
May he who claims thy tender heart
Deserve its love, as I have done.
For, kind and gentle as thou art,
If so beloved, thou art fairly won.
Bright may the sacred torch remain,
And cheer thee till we meet again.
Underlying Anne's forsakenness, is there a hint of maternal unease that all is not quite as she might hope for the newlyweds? A little gentle rallying? It wasn't long before Agnes realised that marrying in haste meant repenting at leisure. Her only consolation was that the family coffers had received some support. The source of this dissatisfaction is not clear, but the marriage yielded no offspring. Agnes eventually separated from Campbell and returned home. Two years after his death in June, 1819, she married Lieutanant-Colonel Benjamin Charlewood of the Grenadier Guards.
The 'Pensive Muse', plucking the strings of sorrow, began to pour her emotions into poetry and perhaps to conflate the events of the past year. One of these pieces was My Mother Bids Me Bind My Hair
With bands of rosy hue;
Tie up my sleeves with ribbons rare,
And lace my bodice blue!
"For why," she cries, "sit still and weep,
While others dance and play?"
Alas! I scarce can go or creep.
While Lubin is away!
'Tis sad to think those days are gone
When those we love were near!
I sit upon this mossy stone,
And sigh when none can hear:
And while I spin my flaxen thread,
And sing my simple lay,
The village seems asleep, or dead,
Now Lubin is away!
Annette and Lubin - Meissen
It echoes of a doomed Queen, the loss of a devoted husband and provider, the passing of an epoch shared heart-to-heart with a beloved daughter. And did it also bring to mind those rustic lovers, Annette and Lubin, the protagonists of a comic opera based on a French pastoral tale? Their love and marriage, forbidden as cousins, condemned them to ostracism until a happy turn of fate rescued them from 'living in sin'. Fanny Burney, for one, had spoken of the piece at the time Charles Dibdin's translated version was performed at the Theatre Royal, Covent Garden, in 1778. Anne had not wanted to miss so charming a diversion. Did something of that story feed into her own sentiments? As Annette sings:
When absent from you I have mourn'd,
And thought each hour a score;
When, on a sudden, you return'd,
I've thrill'd with joy all o'er;
Anne continued to write and good things began to blossom out of adversity. She was already acquainted with Franz Joseph Haydn who lived in the neighbourhood and, a few months before John's death, had been summoned to Leicester Square, having complained of a nasal polyp. It seems that Hunter had plans for removing it! As Haydn later recounted:
'So I went. After the first exchange of greetings, a few brawny fellows entered the room, grabbed me from behind and wanted to tie me to a chair. I shouted, screamed, pounded and kicked with my feet until I was able to free myself and make it clear to Mr. H., who already had his instruments ready, that I did not want to undergo the operation. He was amazed at my stubbornness and, it seemed to me, he pitied me for denying myself the pleasure of experiencing his skilful surgery. Did I wish, he asked me with faint reproach, to take my foe to the grave with me? I declared that such was my intention and hurried out of the house.'
But Haydn was captivated by Anne's solitary poems, published anonymously in various journals. When he caught sight of her latest verses, which seemed to him more chanson than poesy, he determined to set them to music, creating a tuneful collection of canzonettas. My Mother Bids Me Bind My Hair was among them, a song later included in Jane's Austen's collection.
It was a true meeting of minds and a kindling of warmth of heart. They were each inspired by the friendship. Anne began to find her literary feet in earnest and to broaden her creative perspectives. In 1802, she published a book of poems under her own name.
And so it was, in the realms of the psyche, that 'Lubin' came home.
Anne's effusions are airy confections of delicate sentiment against a background of corpses and curettage, yet, somehow, these contrasting forces were reconciled to good effect. For her, they did not come to full fruition until she was widowed. She died in London in the New Year of 1821, aged 79, having spent much of her widowhood at Long Calderwood, East Kilbride, in the house where her husband grew up. By then, it had passed to Matthew Baillie, their nephew. It has since become the Hunter House Museum.
One can only admire a woman whose art reshaped life and bequeathed such thoughtful and revealing insights into the existence of women of her times. Certainly, this song evokes memories of a long interlude in my life when music was a vital consolation. And it took place many years after the novel was first published!
caliendi.com
Haydn Seek
Lubin, Paris
Reveries Under The Sign Of Austen
The Collected Letters of Joanna Baillie, Vol I, Ed. Judith Bailey-Slagle
The Hunterian, University of Glasgow
The Life and Poems of Anne Hunter, Haydn's Tuneful Voice by Caroline Grigson
The Royal College of Surgeons Archive
University of Glasgow Dougan Collection


There are lots of fun and exciting things to keep you busy all summer at Lawson Park.
..and plenty of open space, or rocky trails to roam, play and explore the summer away. Take a tour today and see how much fun your family will have this summer at Lawson Park.
On top of the daily recreational things to choose from, there are always planned and group organized events being run. For more information check out the Events listing.


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Sheffield Wednesday Next Manager Odds
Sheffield Wednesday Overview
Sheffield Wednesday are looking for a new manager, following the sacking of former Stoke City and West Bromwich Albion coach Tony Pulis on 28th December, following a run which saw the Owls win just one game in ten under the Welshman's management since his appointment back in early November.
There has been a lot of speculation as to why Wednesday pulled the trigger and sacked Pulis, with many citing that there was a row over potential transfer dealings and promises for this January's transfer window, but, owner Dejphon Chansiri cited that it was due to his club's awful run of league results as to why Pulis was relieved of his duties. Wednesday currently sit 22nd in the Championship, three points from safety, having already sacked Garry Monk earlier on in the season for a run of poor results, as well as receiving a points penalty due to breaking the EFL's financial rules last season.
Thorsten Fink Odds
German manager Thorsten Fink is the favourite for the job, having resigned from Vissel Kobe in September. The former Bayern Munich central midfielder managed to win the Japanese side their first two titles in the club's history, winning the Emperors Cup and the Japanese Super Cup in the 2019/20 season.
Fink has previously had successful spells at FC Basel where he won the Swiss Super League twice, as well as the Swiss Cup between 2009 and 2011. He nearly added to his league title record when managing Cypriot team Apoel Nicosia in 2014/15, but astonishingly, he was sacked with two games to go in their league season despite being two points clear at the top of the table.
The 53-year-old is thought to have been very keen to manage in England one day, and this job would suit the German, as his reason for resigning at Vissel Kobe was to return to Europe.
The former Bayern man is priced at 2/1 to become the Owls' next manager. Please click here to claim this bet in your bet slip!
Gustavo Poyet Odds
Former Chelsea and Tottenham Hotspur midfielder Gustavo Poyet is also in contention to become the new Wednesday manager. The Uruguayan hasn't had a job since he was sacked by Bordeaux in the 2018/19 season for criticising the board for selling key player Gaetan Laborde behind his back to Montpellier.
Poyet has a decent reputation in England, having started his managerial career at Brighton and Hove Albion, earning the Seagulls promotion from League One, winning the title in the 2010/11 season. Following this, Poyet then became the Sunderland manager where he is still highly thought of, having saved the club from relegation in 2013/14, as well as taking the club to the League Cup final at Wembley, where they lost to Manchester City 2-1.
This wouldn't be too much of a step down for the 53-year-old, as he has openly talked about his desire to manage League One side Sunderland again one day, with Wednesday being in a division above, as well as the fact that Poyet has good experiences of English football, both as a player and manager, this would be a good fit and at 3/1 stands as good of a chance as anybody of getting the job at Hillsborough.
Please click here to claim this bet in your bet slip!
Jose Morais Odds
Jose Mourinho's former assistant manager Jose Morais is also on the shortlist of those interested in the Sheffield Wednesday job. Morais, who was the Spurs manager's assistant at Chelsea, Inter Milan and Real Madrid has recently had a successful spell at South Korean side Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors, where he has won the K-League in both of his first two seasons at the club, before leaving in early December.
However, despite having an impressive list of clubs on his CV, he has managed in England before at Yorkshire rivals Barnsley, where he only won three out of his 15 league games between February 2018 and May that same year, resulting in the Tykes' relegation from the Championship. Due to his previous experiences in the Championship, Wednesday will be a little bit more cautious when considering to appoint Morais, hence why he is priced at 5/1. Please click on this link to claim this bet in your bet slip!<br/>
Ben Olsen Odds
Former DC United legend Ben Olsen is next on the list and is priced at 8/1 to become the next manager at Hillsborough.
Olsen left MLS side DC United in October, following a ten-year stay as manager, on top of the 11 years he had played for the club. Despite DC never being one of the favourites to win the MLS themselves, Olsen did manage to win the U.S Open Cup in 2013, as well as being named as MLS Coach of the Year in 2014. The former USA international midfielder's lack of experience outside of his homeland does significantly hinder his chances, although his longevity as manager of DC is a rarity in modern-day football, his price of 8/1 is more than justifiable.
Nigel Pearson Odds
Nigel Pearson is a Sheffield Wednesday legend, having played for the club for seven years between 1987 and 1994, famously winning the League Cup in 1991 against Manchester United in the final, as well as gaining promotion from the old second division in the same season.
The former Leicester City manager has been without a job since his controversial sacking by Watford last season, having given the club a lifeline in their eventual relegation back to the Championship, as when he joined the hornets in early December, they were seven points adrift of safety, when he was sacked, the Vicarage Road side were three points clear of the relegation zone with two matches to go.
Pearson is best known for his time at Leicester over two spells as manager, having earned them promotions from both League One and the Championship, as well as laying down the foundations for their 2015/16 title win under Claudio Ranieri, having signed the majority of that team when managing the Foxes, including Jamie Vardy, Riyad Mahrez and Kasper Schmeichel.
This job would probably be something written in a fairy-tale if the former Wednesday man was to return to Hillsborough and repeat similar feats to that which he did as a player. This is more unlikely than a lot of candidates on the list, as it would be a significant step-down, however, upon being sacked at Leicester the second time around, he did go to Derby County in the Championship, so at the odds of 10/1 it can't be ruled out.
Click here to claim this bet in your bet slip!
David Wagner Odds
Finally, former Huddersfield Town and Schalke 04 manager David Wagner comes in at the odds of 16/1.
Wagner has not had a club since being sacked by the Bundesliga outfit early on this season, having gone on an 18-game winless run in the league. The start of their winless run coincided when promising young goalkeeper Alexander Nubel announced that he was leaving the club to join Bayern Munich on a pre-contract last January, which resulted in Nubel being dropped for a rather error-prone Markus Schubert.
The German's most notable managerial spell came at Huddersfield, where against all odds he managed to guide the Terriers to the Premier League in 2017 via the play-offs. Somehow, Wagner managed to eclipse this by also keeping the Yorkshire club in the Premier League, before resigning part way through their second season in the top flight, leaving them in last place, eight points adrift from safety.
This move would probably be too much of a step down for the German to take, having previously managed in the Premier League and Bundesliga, hence why he is priced at 16/1. Click here to claim this bet in your bet slip!
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text:
3 August 2016 / Arts & Entertainment / Rain Jokinen
Ask A San Francisco Native: Where Were You During The 1989 Quake?
Dear Rain,
Where were you in the 1989 quake? If we had another quake of that magnitude today, would SF be better or worse off, in your opinion?
Dear Shaky,
On October 17th, 1989, I was at Candlestick Park, hoping to finally see the Giants win a game against the A's.
Yep. I was at the World Series when the quake hit.
My father got a pair of tickets through work, and I remember leaving class at SF State a little early in order to drop off my books and get a coat before heading to the ballpark. (It was October, so it was a really warm day — earthquake weather! — but Candlestick could be freezing even on the warmest of nights.) We got there with a little time before the first pitch, so after settling into our seats, my dad left to get a beer.
We were in the right field bleachers, in stands that were all metal, and shaded by the upper deck. People just walking up and down the aisles would cause the whole section to make noise and shake a little, so when I started to feel and hear a rumble a little after 5 p.m., I thought it was just fans pounding their feat around me, trying to get a pre-game rally started.
But then the seats really started to shake... and the shaking was loud. Then I could hear the entire stadium almost go quiet, as if everyone inhaled at once, asking themselves, "Wait...is this an... earthquake?!!"
It was an earthquake. Undeniably. I looked above me and all I could see was concrete. And then I looked ahead of me, and immediately thought, "If this place starts to go down, I'm running onto that field, and into Kevin Mitchell's arms." He was standing in right field, looking about as stunned as I was.
Then the power went out, and people started screaming.
And then, after what felt like minutes, but was only about 10 seconds, the shaking stopped.
And the stadium began to cheer.
I had a small black and white Sony Watchman TV (kids, ask your parents) with me so I could watch instant replays during the game, and I scanned it for a broadcast. My dad came back, and I think he was actually laughing, in a "Wow! That was a ride wasn't it?!" kind of way. There was no power, so no one could make any kind of announcement. For a few minutes, we really had no idea if the quake just felt a lot worse than it actually was; people weren't rushing for the exits. There was more a sense of "How crazy is this!? The one time the Giants and the A's are both in the World Series, and there's an earthquake! OF COURSE THERE IS!"
But then my little TV started to broadcast the damage. On that tiny black and white screen we saw the unfathomable wreckage: Part of the upper deck of the Bay Bridge had just flipped down onto the lower deck; an entire freeway overpass in Oakland had crushed the freeway below it; the Marina was on fire.
We left.
Since we lived on Potrero Hill, it didn't take very long to get home, and I remember the freeway was pretty empty. Luckily, none of our friends or family was hurt, or had suffered any kind of property damage from the quake. But mentally, I was still suffering some PTSD 10 days later, when we returned to Candlestick for the rescheduled Game Three. Every time the fans would stomp their feet, I was sure the REALLY big one was about to hit, and I'd start to feel sick. I couldn't stay through the whole game. We left around the 6th inning. (And OK, fine, the fact that the Giants were getting their asses kicked wasn't helping.)
You ask if we had another similar magnitude quake today, whether SF would better off, or worse, and honestly, I'm not sure! I mean, theoretically, the new span of the Bay Bridge is supposed to remain in one piece should it happen again, but we all know that's not something to bet any money on.
In 2013, (which seems a ridiculously long time after the '89 quake), the "Mandatory Soft Story Retrofit Program" was implemented within San Francisco, requiring buildings with "soft story" first floors to be earthquake-proofed. In theory this would prevent the collapses that happened in the Marina (which also resulted in mass fires). My apartment building was one of those required to retrofit, and I have the rent increase to prove it, although I've been on that "soft story" first floor, and damned if I can see what they actually did to shore it up.
The Marina is still built on landfill, which is prone to liquefaction, and since 1989, even more neighborhoods have been built on landfill. Those new neighborhoods are also filled with newer buildings, and while they should, theoretically, be built up to strict quake codes, when I hear that one of the tallest and most expensive buildings to go up is already sinking and tilting, without the aid of a quake, it has me worried!
Back in 1989, information was leaked out to us. Power was out, for days in some neighborhoods, so we had to rely on battery operated TVs and radios, and we really only had four sources of info, namely the four local network affiliates, until the papers came out the next day. We didn't have to deal with hysterics on Twitter screaming that the Transamerica building was about to collapse and the C.H.U.D.s were coming above ground to eat survivors of the wreckage.
Perhaps that will be the only saving grace of another quake. Perhaps it would take out the power and the cell phone towers long enough to prevent widespread panic, and get people to look up from their phones, go outside, find out what's happening from their neighbors, and go to where help is needed.
All without the help of Google maps.
Rain Jokinen was born and raised in San Francisco and, miraculously, still calls the city home. Her future plans include becoming a millionaire, buying a condo complex, and then tearing it down to replace it with a dive bar. You can ask this native San Franciscan your questions here.
Related: Loma Prieta 25 Years Later: What The Quake Felt Like For A Kid
Loma Prieta 25 Years Later: Former A's Remember The Quake At Candlestick
In these Troubled San Francisco Times, there is a lot of talk about who was here when, and what that does (or doesn't) mean. In an effort to both assist newcomers and take long-time residents down memory lane, we present to you Ask a San Francisco Native, a column penned by SF native and longtime SFist contributor Rain Jokinen, which is inspired by a similar one on our sister site Gothamist, and is intended to put to rest all those questions only a native of this city can answer. Send yours here!
Iconic Former SF Weatherwoman Roberta Gonzales Publishes Children's Book About a Fish
'Clue' Director Jonathan Lynn Discusses Almost Casting Carrie Fisher at SF Sketchfest
Keanu Reeves, Already In Town For the 'Matrix 4' Shoot, Had Baskin-Robbins In Alameda
Big Sur Wildfire Caused By Abandoned Campfire; New Wildfire Breaks Out By Lake Berryessa, Grows To 4000 Acres
Just in - #ColdFire west of Winters (Yolo County) now 4,000 acres & 5% contained. pic.twitter.com/dpb8dr7sA4— CAL FIRE PIO Berlant (@CALFIRE_PIO) August 3, 2016 Everyone said this would
Meg Whitman Endorses Clinton And Trashes 'Dishonest Demagogue' Trump
One-time Republican candidate for the governorship of California and current CEO of Hewlett Packard Meg Whitman yesterday endorsed Hillary Clinton for the office of the presidency. The New York Times reports that in
Rain Jokinen


text:
Мельфийский договор — соглашение между римским папой Николаем II с одной стороны и графом Робертом Гвискаром из дома Отвилей и графом Ричардом из дома Дренго с другой стороны, подписанное 24 июня 1059 года в городе Мельфи в преддверии церковного собора, на котором оно было ратифицировано конкордатом.

Союз между римским папой и норманнами
После войны, которая в 1053 году закончилась поражением папской армии от норманнов в битве при Чивитате, Святой Престол, боровшийся за инвеституру с германскими императорами, и норманны, стремившиеся к легитимации своих завоеваний в южно-итальянских землях, начали политику сближения.

Договор, подписанный сторонами в Мельфи, положил начало отношениям между Николаем II и главами норманнских домов Отвилей и Дренго, которые поддерживали его в борьбе против антипапы Бенедикта X.

Понтифик признал и узаконил завоевания норманнов и предоставил им инвеституру на южно-итальянские земли, которыми в то время владели византийцы, лангобарды и арабы.

Церковные вассалы
Николай II возвёл Ричарда I, синьора Джензано и графа Аверсы из дома Дренго в князья Капуи и признал за Робертом Гвискаром, графом Апулии из дома Отвилей, который публично исповедовал себя христианином, титул герцога Апулии и Калабрии и будущего герцога Сицилии. Таким образом, появились два независимых норманнских государства, связанные напрямую со Святым Престолом, а римский папа подтвердил сюзеренитет Римской церкви над южно-итальянскими феодами. Законность своих притязаний на светскую власть в этих землях понтифик обосновывал дарами Пипина и Константина (последний впоследствии оказался подложным актом).

Николай II признал Ричарда I Дренго и братьев Роберта и Рожера I Отвилей вассалами Церкви. До этого события светская инвеститура была привилегией германских императоров. Понтифик добился от глав норманнских домов согласия поддерживать Святой Престол, при необходимости и оружием, уважать церковные указы об избрании будущих римских пап. Норманны обязались защищать Церковь от вмешательства германских императоров, в том числе и в выборы пап, и гарантировали, что эти выборы будут проходить в соответствии с правилами, утверждёнными церковным собором. Они также обязались платить Святому Престолу ежегодную дань в размере двенадцати  за каждую пару быков и за каждый югер церковных земель в их владениях, снабжать римского папу войсками и поддерживать понтифика против любого противника, пообещав не вступать в войну без разрешения главы Церкви. Мельфийский договор предшествовал Первому Мельфийскому собору, на котором он был ратифицирован Мельфийским конкордатом.

Литература

История Апулии
История папства
События 24 июня
1059 год
Международные договоры XI века
XI век в Италии

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
Senator Kenney may refer to:

Bill Kenney (born 1955), Missouri State Senate
Joseph Kenney (born 1960), New Hampshire State Senate
Richard R. Kenney (1856–1931), U.S. Senator from Delaware from 1897 to 1901
Bernard Kenny (born 1946), New Jersey State Senate
Robert W. Kenny (1901–1976), California State Senate


TEMO has a business opportunity for home improvement companies in select markets. If you are looking for a way to grow your business, consider partnering with TEMO for outdoor living products. We manufacture sunrooms, screen rooms, pergolas, patio covers, spa enclosures, and more, and have been doing so since 1970. Thanks to this industry experience, we understand what it takes to build high-quality, long-lasting structures that you can be proud to install for your customers.
We provide all the training and certifications you'll need, ensuring your installation team will be able to accurately and efficiently install our products for your customers.
We'll provide you with excellent leads, so you can put more of your focus on growing your business and turning leads into sales.
Every product we manufacture comes backed by our exclusive limited lifetime transferable warranty that you can pass on to your customers.
If you are an established home improvement company that is looking for new business opportunities, then we want to work with you. You'll receive all of the support and guidance you require as one of our authorized dealers, and we can walk you through the entire process of working with us, step-by-step. You'll never be left in the dark and we'll always be around to answer your questions.
Ready to learn more about your home improvement business opportunity? Contact TEMO today and let's get started.


text:
The 2019 Porsche Cayenne Hybrid Is a 455 HP SUV Made (Acid) Greener
A larger single turbo and peak torque from 1000rpm means a 0-60 run in 4.7 seconds. For $79,900, that's not too shabby from a large luxury SUV.
You know how there's a Bentley Bentayga Hybrid now powered by a Audi-developed single-turbo 3.0 V6? Well, in case Bentley's second SUV is not your cup of tea, Porsche now offers a very similar powertrain in the more business casual Cayenne.
The first thing you may notice is that in true Porsche fashion, the E-Hybrid version comes with acid green brake calipers behind the brand's first 22-inch wheels. In E-Drive mode, these are rotated silently by an electric motor, with the high voltage coming from a 14.1 kWh lithium ion battery pack good for up to 27 miles of pure EV range (based on the European NEDC rating).
The Cayenne's PHEV drivetrain has a combined peak output of 455 horsepower available from 5250 to 6400 rpm, and 516 lb-ft of torque at your disposal from 1000 to 3750rpm. The single turbo 3.0 V6 adds 355 hp and 332 lb-ft to the picture, while the electric motor boosts performance by 134 horsepower and 295 lb-ft of torque.
Porsche left the PDK transmission with the twin-turbo Panamera 4 E-Hybrid, giving the electrified Cayenne an upgraded version of its Tiptronic S automatic instead. Compared to the previous generation, faster gearshifts are supported by a new hybrid module, which consists of an electric motor with an electro-mechanic separating clutch instead of the previous electro-hydraulic system, which had a spindle actuator. Porsche says this upgrade also leads to "reduced interruption of tractive force while changing gears."
As always, top track speed is reached in sixth gear, while the remaining two gears are left for highway cruising. 157 miles per hour, here we come.
If you feel that a zero-to-sixty time of 4.7 seconds and a quarter mile run in 13.3 makes your SUV super sporty, you can opt for the Sport Chrono Package, which will integrate your mode switch button into the steering wheel.
From there, you'll be able to select E-Power, which is the EV mode granting you up to 27 zero emission miles, Hybrid Auto, which is the most efficient combined mode, E-Hold, for when want you conserve the current state of charge, E-Charge, when you wish to use the V6 to recharge your battery, and Sport and Sport+, which will give you maximum performance while keeping just enough charge for the boost on demand to work.
Top speed in E-Power mode is 83 miles per hour, while recharging your battery will take just 2.3 hours using the optional 7.2 kW onboard charger through a 230-volt, 32 amp connection. However, the combination of a 230-volt/10 amps plug with the standard 3.6 kW on-board charger will require 7.8 hours of your patience.
Inside, acid green needles and hybrid-specific displays in the gauge cluster and within the PCM screen will remind you of polar bears and those melting icecaps. Porsche is also offering a full color head-up display for the first time. Unfortunately, the Off Road package featuring hillside gradients and steer angle displays, as well as a compass and hill descent control speeds won't be available with the hybrid drivetrain.
On the plus side, to improve efficiency on road, you can also tick the box for Porsche InnoDrive, which is an advanced cruise control system combining already existent traffic sensing systems with onboard map data. The result is that your vehicle can "look" 1.8 miles ahead to select gearing, maximize coasting time and get the right balance between the gasoline and electric portions based on upcoming corners and changes in grade. Added to a massive plug-in hybrid, that's a pretty clever gadget to have.
More From Future Cars & Spy Shots
Everything We Know About the New Bronco
Here's How Model S Plaid Might Do on the 'Ring
Why the GR Yaris Is More Exciting Than the Supra


text:
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;

namespace Azure.ResourceManager.Sql.Models
{
    /// <summary> The storage redundancy type of the copied backup. </summary>
    public readonly partial struct SqlBackupStorageRedundancy : IEquatable<SqlBackupStorageRedundancy>
    {
        private readonly string _value;

        /// <summary> Initializes a new instance of <see cref="SqlBackupStorageRedundancy"/>. </summary>
        /// <exception cref="ArgumentNullException"> <paramref name="value"/> is null. </exception>
        public SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(string value)
        {
            _value = value ?? throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(value));
        }

        private const string GeoValue = "Geo";
        private const string LocalValue = "Local";
        private const string ZoneValue = "Zone";
        private const string GeoZoneValue = "GeoZone";

        /// <summary> Geo. </summary>
        public static SqlBackupStorageRedundancy Geo { get; } = new SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(GeoValue);
        /// <summary> Local. </summary>
        public static SqlBackupStorageRedundancy Local { get; } = new SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(LocalValue);
        /// <summary> Zone. </summary>
        public static SqlBackupStorageRedundancy Zone { get; } = new SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(ZoneValue);
        /// <summary> GeoZone. </summary>
        public static SqlBackupStorageRedundancy GeoZone { get; } = new SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(GeoZoneValue);
        /// <summary> Determines if two <see cref="SqlBackupStorageRedundancy"/> values are the same. </summary>
        public static bool operator ==(SqlBackupStorageRedundancy left, SqlBackupStorageRedundancy right) => left.Equals(right);
        /// <summary> Determines if two <see cref="SqlBackupStorageRedundancy"/> values are not the same. </summary>
        public static bool operator !=(SqlBackupStorageRedundancy left, SqlBackupStorageRedundancy right) => !left.Equals(right);
        /// <summary> Converts a string to a <see cref="SqlBackupStorageRedundancy"/>. </summary>
        public static implicit operator SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(string value) => new SqlBackupStorageRedundancy(value);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        public override bool Equals(object obj) => obj is SqlBackupStorageRedundancy other && Equals(other);
        /// <inheritdoc />
        public bool Equals(SqlBackupStorageRedundancy other) => string.Equals(_value, other._value, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase);

        /// <inheritdoc />
        [EditorBrowsable(EditorBrowsableState.Never)]
        public override int GetHashCode() => _value?.GetHashCode() ?? 0;
        /// <inheritdoc />
        public override string ToString() => _value;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
using System.Runtime.WootzJs;

namespace WootzJs.Web
{
    [Js(Export = false)]
    public class FileList
    {
        [Js(Name = "length")]
        public extern int Length { get; }

        [Js(Name = "item")]
        public extern File this[int index] { get; set; }

        [Js(Name = "namedItem")]
        public extern File NamedItem(int index);
    }
}


text:
VBCC - June 2016, Vol 7, No 5 - Emerging Therapies
Wayne Kuznar
The investigational oral androgen receptor drug ODM-201 has significant antitumor activity with a favorable safety profile in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, according to a pooled analysis of 2 early-phase clinical trials.
In these studies, the median time to progression of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) was slightly longer than 1 year in men who were naïve to chemotherapy or to CYP17 inhibitors, said Neal D. Shore, MD, Medical Director, CPI, Carolina Urologic Research Center, Myrtle Beach, SC, at the 2016 American Urological Association annual meeting.
ODM-201 is an oral androgen receptor antagonist that binds with high affinity and selectivity to the androgen receptor; it inhibits testosterone-induced nuclear translocation of the androgen receptor, and blocks the activity of mutant androgen receptors to overcome resistance to androgen receptor–targeted therapies, such as enzalutamide (Xtandi).
Blood–brain barrier penetration was negligible in preclinical studies of ODM-201. This property may enhance neurocognitive tolerability, "which we have typically not seen in earlier generation lutamides, some that haven't come to market," said Dr Shore.
He reported on the long-term safety and antitumor activity of ODM-201 in the ARADES and ARAFOR clinical trials in chemotherapy- and CYP17-inhibitor–naïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
"Overall, we demonstrated very good tolerability in a chemotherapy-, abiraterone [Zytiga]-naïve group [and] significant PSA declines," Dr Shore said.
ODM-201 in Clinical Trials
ARADES was a nonrandomized dose-escalation study in which 24 patients with metastatic prostate cancer received ODM-201 at 100 mg to 900 mg twice daily, with an additional randomized extension study that included 110 patients. There were no dose-limiting toxicities, "and we saw a very significant PSA decline at dosages of 1000 mg daily dose," reported Dr Shore.
ARAFOR was an open-label pharmacokinetic study (N = 30) and an open-label extension study (N = 30) of ODM-201 dosed at 600 mg twice daily in chemotherapy-naïve patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. A PSA response, defined as a ≥50% decrease in the PSA level at week 12, was observed in 25 of 30 (83%) patients.
The median PSA level in the entire cohort was 28 ng/mL, and the median Gleason score at diagnosis was 2 to 6 in 7 patients, 7 in 16 patients, and 8 to 10 in 17 patients. Overall, 36 patients had bone lesions, and 3 patients had visceral metastases.
The median duration of treatment with ODM-201 was 13.5 months (range, 2.5-25.2 months). ODM-201 was well-tolerated, with the majority of adverse events being grade 1 or 2 in severity. The most frequent adverse events were fatigue (7%) and hot flashes (5%).
In the pooled analysis of 41 patients from the 2 clinical trials, 30 patients discontinued treatment—27 for disease progression, 2 for adverse events, and 1 for other reasons; 8 patients continue to receive treatment.
The median time to PSA progression was 12.4 months, and the median time to radiologic progression was 15.3 months.
"We ultimately settled on the 1200 mg daily dose, 600 mg twice a day. It's at that dose that we saw very effective PSA declines," said Dr Shore. The patients who received ODM-201 experienced "rather marked PSA declinations in this group of patients, chemotherapy- and abiraterone-naïve…with the majority of patients having rather extended suppressive PSAs," he added.
The data support the ongoing, global, phase 3 clinical trial of ODM-201, called ARAMIS, in men with nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer.
Hypermobility Syndrome Underrecognized, Requires Team-Based Management
VBCR - October 2016, Vol 5, No 5 published on November 2, 2016 in Rheumatic Diseases
Neuropathies in Rheumatic Diseases Encompass Wide Spectrum of Diagnoses
Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Cite Improvements in Pain, Quality of Life as Treatment Goals
VBCR - October 2016, Vol 5, No 5 published on November 2, 2016 in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Celecoxib Demonstrates Better Results than Acetaminophen in Patients with Low Back Pain
VBCR - August 2016, Vol 5, No 4 published on August 25, 2016 in Back Pain
Ocrelizumab Promotes No Evidence of Disease Activity in Multiple Sclerosis
Chase Doyle
VBCN - July 2016 Volume 3, No 2 published on July 25, 2016 in Emerging Therapies
Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis
Dichlorphenamide Improves Outcomes in Periodic Paralysis
Entrectinib Shows Strong Activity Against a Range of Rare Solid Tumors with Molecular Abnormalities
VBCC - June 2016, Vol 7, No 5 published on June 17, 2016 in Emerging Therapies
Updated NCCN Guideline Calls for EGFR Mutations Testing in All Patients with NSCLC
VBCC - June 2016, Vol 7, No 5 published on June 17, 2016 in Lung Cancer
Minor Changes in Systemic Therapy Recommendations in NCCN Breast Cancer Guideline
VBCC - June 2016, Vol 7, No 5 published on June 17, 2016 in Breast Cancer
Last modified: June 24, 2016


If you're a computer enthusiast and you've never heard of Lian Li you've probably been living in a cave for the past ten years. Lian Li is widely renowned for its premium aluminium computer cases, the company has build a pretty good name for itself and if you hear someone complaining about Lian Li cases it's usually about their high price.
The subject of today's review is the Lian Li Mini Q PC-V354, a compact aluminium case designed for Micro-ATX/Mini-ITX/Mini-DTX motherboards. Measuring 245mm x 320mm x 420mm (W x H x D) and weighing a mere 4.17kg, the V354 is large enough to fit some pretty decent hardware, which makes it perfect for building a compact LAN party rig or a stylish HTPC/SFF for in the living room.
The Lian Li PC-V354 ships in a colorful box that lists all the features and specifications of the case. It's well protected by foam blocks to ensure that the case arrives at your doorstep in pristine condition.
You can get it in three different versions; the Lian Li manufactures black and silver V354 cases with blue LED front fans and for those who prefer colors there's a red edition with red LED fans. The model I've got in my hands is the black edition, it's sold as the PC-V354B.
After the unboxing you're greeted by the stylish brushed aluminium design of the V354. The case has a compact rectangle-shaped design with rounded corners and four feet similar to those found on HiFi systems.
A large part of the V354's front is occupied by a vent mesh for the two 120mm intake fans. There's room for one exposed 5.25" device, Lian Li equipped it with a nice front bezel so an ugly beige DVD burner or Blu-ray drive won't ruin the case's appearance. There's no support for external 3.5" devices but I think few people will miss this feature in this day and age.