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Latest and Breaking Fashion and Style News and Top Stories - July 3
Labels: Breaking News, StyleBrief
T Magazine: In Paris, the Ultimate Place to Watch a World Cup Match
July, 3, 2014 from NYT > Fashion & Style
Le Royal Monceau hotel is offering luxurious cocktail and dining events and state-of-the-art screenings for the tournament's remaining games.
VPL Relaunches to Join the Activewear Revolution
July, 3, 2014 from Style File
The line between activewear and ready-to-wear continues to blur—but this isn't news to Victoria Bartlett. The designer has championed "active fashion" for years at VPL, and for Resort '15, she's taking...
A Boozy (Easy!) Recipe For Red, White, & Blue Slushies
July, 3, 2014 from Refinery29
Photo: Courtesy of Tattooed Martha . There's plenty to love about the Fourth of July: cookouts, sunshine, fireworks, theme dressing. The only thing we sometimes don't love is that it's so, so hot out. That's why we'll be making these icy...
Iris van Herpen Takes the ANDAM Prize
Conceptual Dutch designer Iris van Herpen has won the 2014 ANDAM prize, beating out talented nominees Fausto Puglisi, Steven Tai, Rad Hourani, Yiqing Yin, Études Studio, and Jean-Paul Lespagnard. Van Herpen, best known for her compl...
A Veg-Friendly Burger To Make This Weekend
It's that time of year again when the grills come out and beers start chilling. There are hot dogs made with unknown "meats," mayonnaise-laden potato salad, and chips galore. But, July 4th doesn't have to be notoriously unhealthy. For a ...
This Retro Swimwear Is For Old Souls
This beach season, we're going back to the future when it comes to suiting up. It's true: The body-flattering retro swimwear we've come to rely on for a Beyoncé-like figure is making a comeback. But, before you start thinking this will b...
Some U.S. States Have More Painkiller Prescriptions Than People
Illustrated By Naomi Abel. What public-health crisis claimed the lives of 16,500 Americans in 2010 and now kills 46 per day? Opiate overdose. The U.S. is recognized as the most overly-prescribed nation in the world, and now we know just ...
T Magazine: 11 Artists Who Really, Really Love Their Bicycles
In this portfolio, some of the artists currently showing in "Joyride," a group show devoted to two-wheeled transportation, pose with their bikes and share their feelings about their rides.
Lo Bosworth Shares Healthy(ish) July 4th Flag Cake Recipe
July, 3, 2014 from Us Magazine Celebrity Style News
With hot dogs, hamburgers, chips, and custom cocktails on the menu, July 4th can be a tricky holiday[...]
9 Celebs Rocking The Flag A Little Too Hard
When it comes to looking patriotic, our general rule is by no means "stars and stripes for never." Donning some red, white, and blue — or perhaps a touch of spangle — is both festive and extremely appropriate this time of year. Still, th...
This Adorable Kitten Just Wants To Be A Dog
Photo: Courtesy of The Dodo .Matilda the foster kitten cannot get enough of her new pit bull friends. The little cat showed up at BARCS , a Baltimore-area animal shelter, several weeks ago, and immediately captured the attention of the o...
MSGM and Toilet Paper Team Up on a Surrealist, Psychedelic Capsule
"Designing this new collection was really funny," said MSGM's creative director, Massimo Giorgetti. "I met Pierpaolo Ferrari and Maurizio Cattelan in their studio and we started looking at the latest issues of the...
Lady Gaga's New Jazz Album Could Save Her Career
Lady Gaga and Tony Bennett are releasing a jazz album later this year, a move that may or may not be considered true "artpop." Then again, Gaga's "artpop could mean anything." She's taken to promoting the forthcoming Cheek to Cheek LP wh...
Quit This Nasty Nail Habit Now
Photographed by Winnie Au. Just about anything can trigger it: a stressful day at work, a tense argument with your S.O., or just a particularly mind-numbing binge session on Netflix. Before you even realize you're doing it — you're picki...
Is This The Cheesiest Wedding Cake Ever?
Photo: Courtesy of The Cheese School. There's no detail too tiny when wedding planning. And, as many a nuptial-based blog would indicate, the kind of cake is pretty massive deal — sending some sweet-obsessed twosomes into a tizzy over fl...
Free Ben & Jerry's Ice Cream? Don't Mind If We Do
Photo: Courtesy of Ben & Jerry's.Get your folding chairs and mini-fans ready: Ben & Jerry's Free Scoop Truck is upon us. From now through July 28, Vermont's finest will be hitting the streets to dish out complimentary servings of...
This Instagram Hack Will Blow Your Mind
Photo: courtesy Refinery29 Instagram.When you take photos using Instagram, you feel like a pro. When you view photos on Instagram, however, you're a squinty-eyed mess. In a technophilic culture in which even iPad-armed babies know how to...
Nicki Minaj Clarifies Her BET Shade With More Shade
Photo: REX USA/Brian Rasic/Rex; REX USA/Everett Collection. Nicki Minaj was accused of dissing Iggy Azalea earlier this week. During her (exhaustive) acceptance speech at the 2014 BET Awards — where Minaj reigned supreme in the Best Fema...
Pulling Off A No-Time-To-Plan July 4 Bash
The Fourth of July crept up on you by falling on a Friday after an almost week-long grind, and now you think you have no time to prepare a celebratory hang with your favorite people. Sound familiar? Well, think again. Party and events ex...
Justin Bieber Was The Result Of "Immaculate Conception"
Photo: REX USA/James McCauley/Rex.Can Justin Bieber be saved? That's the main question in Vanessa Grigoriadis's new 5,200-word New York Magazine piece on the pop star-turned-tabloid fixture. He's not directly presented as a Christ-like f...
Lea Michele Finally Shows Off Her (Hot) New Boyfriend
Did somebody say "summer loving"? Though she's been keeping her latest romance on the down-low, Lea Michele reportedly has a new boyfriend in her life. And, judging by how hot smokin' hot her new man is, one can't exactly blame her for n...
EXCLUSIVE: Olivier Rousteing, Along With Jourdan Dunn, Binx Walton, Cara Delevingne, and More, Push the New "Balmain Reality" in the Brand's Fall Ads
How does Olivier Rousteing top last season's Rihanna-fronted Balmain campaign? With not one, but six faces. The brand's new imagery for Fall, lensed by Mario Sorrenti and art-directed and styled by Katie Grand, features Binx ...
Pumped-Up Workout Gear That'll Get You To The Gym
It doesn't matter what your excuse is for skipping the gym — a stressful workday, sleep deprivation, the new season of OITNB. We've heard (and used) them all before. The couch can be very convincing, though, as it calls — no yells — our ...
T Magazine: Viewfinder | A First Look at a Street Photographer's New Book, 20 Years in the Making
For two decades, Ed Templeton amassed a vast, loosely knit collection of photographs during his travels as a professional skateboarder and artist, which he assembled into "Wayward Cognitions," out this October.
This 100-Year-Old NYC Resto Is So Charming
"You got time for such a long lunch, kid? Don't you have a job?" Mark Russ Federman swivels beside me at the counter, pours himself some hot tea and grins. His grandfather founded New York's most glorious appetizing store, Russ & Dau...
The 10 Best Movies With "American" In The Title
If you're reading this on the Fourth of July, it means one of three things: You're either super-addicted to the Internet, in which case we suggest this . Or, you might have a crippling fear of fireworks stemming from a traumatizing child...
New Fashion Ad Represents Being "A Black Boy In A Really Important French House"
Photo: Courtesy of Balmain. Olivier Rousteing's appointment as creative director of Balmain in April 2011 signaled progress for the industry. "[A] young biracial man, a black man, standing at the tippy-top of the fashion pyramid in Franc...
The Summer Of Crushes: We Salute You, Captain America Chris Evans
With the arrival of July, and its lethargy-inducing temperatures, summer is officially here. July is the Saturday of the year — it is the only month when school is out for everyone (pity those kids who have to return in August), and, as ...
EXCLUSIVE: Meet the Instagrammers Marc Cast in MBMJ's Fall Campaign
This season, Marc by Marc Jacobs hosted a virtual casting call via Instagram to find the fresh faces for its Fall '14 campaign. More than 70,000 hopefuls applied to model Katie Hillier and Luella Bartley's first collection fo...
A Beyond-Easy Way To Create Your Own Custom Lip Color
As much as we like to fancy ourselves mixologists, anyone who's ever had the misfortune of testing out our clumsy attempts at a homemade mango mojito knows otherwise. Hey, how were we supposed to know there's not supposed to be vermouth ...
The (Free!) Savvy-Girl's Guide To Summer Drops Today — Here's Where To Get It
Photo: Courtesy of BRANCHÉ .New Yorkers, look lively on your commute this morning; if you're lucky, you might run across a freebie that's way more exciting than the nail salon flyers you're used to. Today, the second issue of BRANCHÉ hit...
Nice Is The New Mean In Hollywood
Photo: David Fisher/REX USA.The Shia LaBeoufs of Hollywood may still be giving Tinseltown a bad name, but there are some celebrities who are restoring our faith in humanity. A far cry from the Lindsay Lohan and Paris Hilton-laden headlin...
T Magazine: Q. & A. | Maya Lin on Saving the Planet Through Art
The artist, whose site-specific exhibiton, "Platform: Maya Lin," opens at the Parrish Museum in Water Mill, N.Y. tomorrow, discusses how her work addresses climate change.
These Are Instagram's Best Dressed
These days, #ootd 'grams are typically a dime a dozen. But, not all head-to-toe snaps are created equal. We are, of course, referring to a select group of Instagram users turning the popular hashtag into an art, concocting seriously cool...
Keke Palmer Is The Youngest Talk Show Host In TV History
Photographed by Dani Brubaker.While many celebrities dabble with more than one talent, Keke Palmer continues to blow us away. The Midwest native sings, acts, has dipped her toe into the fashion world pool, and now, has her own television...
Get In Line! 24 Ways To Show Your Stripes
Our love of floral can be flighty, leopard sometimes feels loud, and the polka dot is a matter of perspective. But, the stripe? Well, that's steadfast. So, we're celebrating our love of the pattern by tracking down the best of the best s...
Brandi Burkhardt Marries Jeweler Douglas Kazanjian: Hart of Dixie Actress Wears Madonna's Wedding Tiara, Pictures
To the Gem King and his Queen! Hart of Dixie star Brandi Burkhardt married jeweler Douglas Kazanjian[...]
35 NEW Fashion Ideas To Try
You've probably had those flick-the-switch moments when suddenly your closet feels like it's full of potential again (even if you haven't gone shopping in months). It could be something as simple as seeing a magic fashion fairy a few sea...
5 Party Looks For Every Type Of Fourth
We'll toast to the stars and stripes forever, but that doesn't mean we'll limit our wardrobe to only those patterns this Fourth of July. That's right: Although we love a good holiday cliché, we've got more than flag-themed outfits planne...
8 Things To Know This AM
Uh oh, uh oh, uh oh, uh oh, uh oh (you know the tune): Speculation about alleged Jay Z infidelity is running rampant after Beyoncé cryptically changed some lyrics during a concert. ( The Daily Beast ) By the old gods and the new: Starz h...
On the Runway Blog: LVMH Gets Even Friendlier With the Youth Vote
The luxury giant announces the creation of a program to train young craftspeople, beginning with jewelry and dressmaking skills.
Michael Kors' Guide to Celebrating July 4th
July, 3, 2014 from Feature Feed
The Resort 2015 Trend Report
The BEST Pizza In NYC
When it comes to boring pizza, food writer Julia Turshen simply isn't having any. And, really, neither should you. The dining scene in New York is just too good; you can do better than a blah dollar slice. So, she scoured the boroughs fo...
This Elegant Texas Wedding Is Full Of Southern Charm
This southern couple (the bride is from Texas and the groom is from North Carolina, where they live) were wed in a pretty pastel wedding in Ft. Worth. According to the bride, they were both college athletes who met through Bible study at...
Mindy Kaling Wears James Franco's Face — & You Can, Too!
You know when you're headed to the club and you just can't wait to sport a boxy, unisex T-shirt covered in pictures of your former coworker's face? If so, Mindy Kaling gets you. She recently Instagrammed this picture of herself wearing a...
How To Sleep Like You're On Vacation, Every Night
Photographed by Ben Ritter.I should have been excited for my upcoming trip to Fiji — and I was — but as a chronic insomniac, I was worried about not getting any shut-eye while I was there. I was especially nervous about the long flight, ...
Why Body Oils Are The Only Hydrators You Need This Summer
Even though oils have been getting some serious buzz for the past year for their moisturizing benefits, we typically restrict their use to our face and hair — not our bodies. Lotions have always been our go-to for supple limbs. Why? Oils...
15 Denim Skirts We Love More Than Britney Loved Justin
It's official: Denim skirts are back. While we usually don the blues any way we can — jeans, jackets, vests, you name it — we've shied away from wearing our favorite fabric in skirt form…until now. The trend, which reached an unforgettab...
Going To A Cookout This Weekend? Here's What To Bring
Summer is flush with weekend invitations. The trick is making sure those invites keep coming. Outfit yourself with the right bag — and stuff it full of perfectly-curated host gifts. View the slideshow Like what you see? How about some mo...


"Louise has been working with us for a few years now, supporting our window installations across the UK and European store openings. Louise successfully manages a team of freelance VM's, and due to her high standards and keen eye for detail, makes an excellent team leader. My experience of working with Louise has always been to a very high standard, and, due to not always being present myself, i have always had the utmost trust in her abilities.
"In my time as VM Manager of Lifestore, Louise was a pleasure to work with.
Always thinking outside of the box, coming up with creative ideas for displays and working them through to instillation.
A natural leader and great team player, she inspired others to do better.
"During her time with The Pier Louise was involved in the opening of four Pier sites and the re-merchandising of many more across the northern region.
Louise's work was of a very high standard with an excellent attention to detail coupled with a keen commercial eye. As with all store openings a lot of hard work and long hours was required but Louise was always up beat and keen to be at the forefront of the team.
"Louise demonstrated commitment and enthusiasm in creating a dynamic visual arts programme. This involved coordinating collaborative events with local businesses and over 40 local artists to deliver an inspiring array of events to an audience of over 10,000 people.
Strong communication and organisation skills were essential for the fundraising required to deliver a successful event.


We are experienced building digital campaigns at the highest level of politics and Government, as well as in the private sector.
Photography and Videography services, ranging from live events to scripted and staged sessions.
Sometimes the best way to explain something is to show it. Animation and static design can accomplish this challenge quite effectively.
Web development and email development services using a broad range of content management systems and experience programming a variety of products.
Our work is built to accomplish goals. Ultimately, whether those goals are accomplished is the deciding factor on whether it is successful or not.
The "Better Off Now" campaign involved building the style guide, developing a landing page, and building content such as videos, graphics, and other material.
This campaign sought to share information and build support for Congress's plan to fix the tax code. This campaign included developing the design and style guide for all content, building a site to provide helpful resources and information and creating all content such as videos, graphics, SMS, and email.
This project involved creating and designing the icon library for a new organization focused on living sustainably.
This project involved setting up a website and style guide to build awareness for the opioid crisis in America and provide information on the actions taken in Congress to combat the crisis.
This video project followed Vice President Mike Pence as he travelled to Miami, FL.
Evan Walker is a digital professional with experience in both agency and political work. This site provides a look at some of the various projects Evan has worked on over the past several years.


Wonder how the financial crisis got to our current sad sad state? Wonder no more! Here is a visual "flow chart" that walk-through and summarize the events.
In short.. Never under estimate the power of "GREED". History has show over and over again, as long as here is human capacity for greed, we'll continue to have financial bubble that leads to a major crisis.
think you had a bad day?!
check out the pictures from this blog.


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Q: Invariance of Functional Integration Measure Let us consider the functional integral:
\begin{equation}
\int \mathcal{D} A e^{iS[A]}
\end{equation}
where $S[A]$ is the action for $U(1)$ gauge field and
\begin{equation}
\mathcal{D}A\equiv \mathcal{D}A_0 \mathcal{D}A_1 \mathcal{D}A_2 \mathcal{D}A_3; \\
\mathcal{D}A_i = \prod_x dA_i(x).
\end{equation}
Now I have two questions:
1. How to show that the integration measure $\mathcal{D} A $ is invariant under the gauge transformation:
\begin{equation}
A_\mu (x) \to A_\mu (x) + \frac{1}{e}\partial_\mu \alpha(x)
\end{equation}
2. How to show that the integration measure $\mathcal{D} A $ is invariant under the Lorentz transformation?

A: In quantum field theory, when manipulating the path integral, we naively assume the measures (or strictly speaking the product of the measures and integrand) are invariant under the gauge transformations. In a fundamental paper, Fujikawa demonstrated the flaw in this assumption (in certain cases), and how to rigorously compute the analogue of a Jacobian factor for the path integral, which he employed to derive the chiral anomaly of quantum electrodynamics. For a complete derivation, I recommend the sources:

*

*Introduction to Quantum Field Theory, by Peskin and Schroeder, Chapter 19, pg. 651+

*Beyond the Standard Model, Lecture 5 (13/14, Course by Prof. R. Mann), Perimeter Institute

I hope these may provide some clarification regarding the change of the path integral measure under a general transformation of the constituent fields.

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Smart Specialisationadmin2019-03-25T15:55:41+11:00
IDENTIFYING THE HUNTER'S STRENGTHS FOR THE FUTURE
PRIME MINISTER OF AUSTRALIA LAUNCHES RDA HUNTER'S SMART SPECIALISATION STRATEGY FOR THE HUNTER REGION
Innovation is at the heart of the Australian Government's plan to deliver a modern, dynamic, 21st century economy and according to the Prime Minister, RDA Hunter is showing great leadership by delivering positive change, new ideas and new opportunities for the future through its Smart Specialisation Strategy for the Hunter Region.
The Strategy, which is Australia's first, identifies the Hunter's competitive advantages to deliver a strong and focused economic development agenda that is supported by innovation and entrepreneurship.
The Hon. Malcolm Turnbull MP officially launched RDA Hunter's Smart Specialisation Strategy for the Hunter Region at Parliament House Canberra on March 16th 2016.
"Innovation drives growth and prosperity, underpins productivity and will help deliver the jobs of tomorrow," said Mr Turnbull.
"The Australian government is investing $1.1 billion in a National Innovation and Science Agenda to promote a culture of innovation right across the economy."
"It's fantastic to see Regional Development Australia Hunter investing in innovation through their Smart Specialisation initiative which builds on the Hunter region's competitive strengths."
"I commend RDA Hunter for its agility and the enormous opportunity this initiative presents for the prosperity of the region," continued Prime Minister Turnbull.
Smart Specialisation Strategy for the Hunter Region is based on an OECD framework implemented widely across the European Union. It establishes an agenda for economic transformation in the Hunter region by analysing and defining regional competencies and determining new areas of opportunity.
"We warmly welcome the Australian Government's National Innovation and Science Agenda which unlocks the potential for innovation driven economic growth," said Mr Todd Williams CEO of RDA Hunter.
"Our Smart Specialisation initiative aims to prioritise the region's unique strengths, support and grow the Hunter's innovation ecosystem, promote entrepreneurship and identify areas that have potential to employ people – especially in the more technically advanced jobs we will see in the future," continued Mr Williams.
Smart Specialisation Strategy for the Hunter Region (1725 KB)
RDA Hunter's Smart Specialisation initiative is about the Hunter's future – creating jobs and economic growth.
To help the Hunter grow and remain internationally competitive it must identify priorities for its future – areas in which it has a competitive advantage and which will deliver economic growth.
Priority areas are those which will create jobs and economic prosperity. They are areas that have potential to employ people – especially in more technically advanced jobs as the Hunter will continue to experience a shift in its industrial base. The Smart Specialisation process identified these priority areas.
What is Smart Specialisation?
• Smart Specialisation is an OECD framework (implemented widely across the European Union) which establishes an agenda for economic transformation by analysing and defining regional competencies and determining new areas of opportunity
• The Hunter is the first region in Australia to undertake a Smart Specialisation
• Analysis of the region's current situation is the first part of a Smart Specialisation
• The region's unique competitive advantages would be identified in this (Stage One) process (recognising the industrial and economic history)
The Hunter's Smart Specialisation identifies:
• the region's current and most promising unique strengths;
• businesses that will create the jobs of the future;
• productive research and innovation activities; and
• collaborations to improve productivity, competitiveness and prosperity.
The Hunter's 7 competitive advantages have been identified as:
1. Food and agri-business
2. Mining equipment, technology and services
3. Medical technologies and pharmaceuticals
4. Oil, gas and energy resources
5. Advanced manufacturing
6. Defence
7. Creative Industries
These seven areas are supported by:
1. Digital technology
2. Logistics and supply chains
3. STEM workforce
View the Newcastle Herald Smart Specialisation series of stories,
www.theherald.com.au/story/3540790/europe-beckons-for-hunter/
www.theherald.com.au/story/3548109/the-hunters-best-defence-is-its-talent/
www.theherald.com.au/story/3550628/that-san-fran-feeling/
www.theherald.com.au/story/3544659/floating-a-bright-idea/
www.theherald.com.au/story/3567364/building-jobs-for-future-poll/?cs=316
www.theherald.com.au/story/3573494/optimistic-and-realistic-eye-to-future/
www.theherald.com.au/story/3617456/a-smart-city-leads-to-a-strong-future/
2013 Hunter Innovation Scorecard
2018 STEM Workforce Conference
2018 STEM Workforce Conference Speakers
Advanced Manufacturing Industry Schools Pathways Program (ME Program)
Deloitte Access Economics – Prospects and Challenges for the Hunter's Future
High Speed Broadband
Hunter Economic Infrastructure Plan
Hunter Innovation Forum
Hunter Investment Prospectus
Hunter Maritime Defence Capability Statement
Hunter Regional Plan
RDA Hunter Highlights
RDA Hunter Publications
RDA Hunter Quarterly Reports to the Region
Smart Happens Here
STEM Workforce Initiative
STEMship
Study Hunter
The Hunter's Economy Post BHP
Urban Planning for the Region's Future

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>  Home > Documentation > Python > Localized Spectral Analysis

SHBiasK

Calculate the multitaper (cross-)power spectrum expectation of function localized by spherical cap windows.

Usage

outcspectra = pyshtools.SHBiasK (tapers, incspectra, [lwin, numk, ldata, taper_wt, save_cg])

Returns

outcspectra : float, dimension (ldata+lwin+1)

The expectation of the multitaper localized power spectrum.

Parameters

tapers : float, dimension (lwinin+1, numkin)

The spherical coefficients of the localizing windows. Each column corresponds to the non-zero coefficients of a single angular order. Since all that is important is the power spectrum of each window, the exact angular order is not important. These are generated by a call to SHReturnTapers or SHReturnTapersM.

incspectra : float, dimension (ldatain+1)

The global unwindowed power spectrum.

lwin : optional, integer, default = lwinin

The spherical harmonic bandwidth of the localizing windows.

numk : optional, integer, default = numkin

The number of localizing windows to use. Only the first numk columns of tapers will be employed, which corresponds to the best-concentrated localizing windows.

ldata : optional, integer, default = ldatain

The maximum degree of the global unwindowed power spectrum.

taper_wt : optional, float, dimension (numkin), default = -1

The weights to apply to each individual windowed specral estimate. The weights must sum to unity and are obtained from SHMTVarOpt. The default specifies that taper weights are not used.

save_cg : optional, integer, default = 0

If set equal to 1, the Clebsch-Gordon coefficients will be precomputed and saved for future use (if lwin or ldata change, this will be recomputed). To deallocate the saved memory, set this parameter equal to 1. If set equal to 0 (default), the Clebsch-Gordon coefficients will be recomputed for each call.

Description

SHBiasK will calculate the multitaper (cross-)power spectrum expectation of a function multiplied by the numk best-concentrated localizing windows. This is given by equation 36 of Wieczorek and Simons (2005) (see also eq. 2.11 of Wieczorek and Simons 2007). In contrast to SHBias, which takes as input the power spectrum of a single localizing window, this routine expects as input a matrix containing the spherical harmonic coefficients of the localizing windows. These can be generated by a call to SHReturnTapers or SHReturnTapersM. It is assumed implicitly that the power spectrum of inspectrum is zero beyond degree ldata. Note that this routine will only work when the window coefficients are non-zero for a single angular order.

The default is to apply equal weights to each individual windowed estimate of the spectrum, but this can be modified by specifying the weights in the optional argument taper_wt. The weights must sum to unity. If this routine is to be called several times using the same values of lwin and ldata, then the Clebsch-Gordon coefficients can be precomputed and saved by setting the optional parameter save_cg equal to 1.

References

Wieczorek, M. A. and F. J. Simons, Minimum-variance multitaper spectral estimation on the sphere, J. Fourier Anal. Appl., 13, 665-692, doi:10.1007/s00041-006-6904-1, 2007.

Simons, F. J., F. A. Dahlen and M. A. Wieczorek, Spatiospectral concentration on a sphere, SIAM Review, 48, 504-536, doi:10.1137/S0036144504445765, 2006.

Wieczorek, M. A. and F. J. Simons, Localized spectral analysis on the sphere, Geophys. J. Int., 162, 655-675, doi:10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02687.x, 2005.

See also

shbias, shmtvaropt, shreturntapers, shreturntapersm, shmtvaropt, shbiasadmitcorr, shmtcouplingmatrix

>  Home > Documentation > Python > Localized Spectral Analysis

			Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
			University of Sorbonne Paris Cité
			© 2015 Mark Wieczorek

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This entry was posted in Meat dishes and tagged cooking, food, meat, offal, pork. Bookmark the permalink.
Onward: I fished the tender and floppy ears out of the pot and layered them as neatly and evenly as I could in my new enameled cast-iron terrine mold (which I'm completely smitten with). Fergus' recipe calls for 14 ears, and I'd only had a dozen, but in fact I could only comfortably fit eleven into my terrine mold. Being both hungry and curious, I just ate the twelfth ear as it was, soft and sticky and warm, with the crunchy thin cartilage in the middle; it was delicious and promised a successful and yummy terrine once it was all pressed and cold.


The Lamborghini Urus has been launched in India just 38 days after the global premiere which shows the company's faith in the customers here.
Lamborghini has launched the Urus SUV in India and has priced it at ₹ 3 crore (ex-showroom India). The Italian car maker's performance SUV has been in the making for a long time now and is only the second SUV in the company's history, as supercars had taken precedence. The Lamborghini Urus, however, distinguishes itself as a slightly practical car that is less demanding in its seating (it can seat five) and can be taken on broken tarmac as well.
Sporting a front engined layout, the Lamborghini Urus gets a 4.0-litre Twin Turbo V8 engine, a first turbo in the automaker's history, which can easily find its place beside the Aventador and Huracan. The engine is tuned to produce 641 bhp and 850 Nm of peak torque, while the performance SUV can hit the 0-100 kmph in 3.6 seconds and 200 kmph in 12.8 seconds. The Urus has a top speed of 305 kmph, which is not bad at all for something that weighs 2.2 tonnes. Oh, by the way, the Urus is also the fastest SUV in the world. The V8 engine is paired with an 8-speed torque converter, and comes with a central torsion differential 4 Wheel Drive with torque vectoring rear differential.


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8 No-Fail Tips For Getting Fit (Again) After Injury or Illness
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by Julia Malacoff
It's one thing to consciously take a break from your workout routine, but no one likes being sidelined from exercise due to something outside their control. Getting sick or injured can mean a few days, weeks or months away from the gym are warranted. But after a period of time off, restarting your exercise habits can feel intimidating and definitely frustrating. It doesn't have to be that way, though, if you have the right tools and perspective at your disposal.
Here, fitness and rehab pros explain how to get yourself back into fighting shape while also putting your health and well-being first.
REFRAME YOUR EXPECTATIONS
As much as regaining physical strength is important, getting yourself in the right mindset to be able to do so is equally key. It's not fun to realize you're not as fast or strong as you used to be — and that can be really frustrating for people returning to exercise, explains Kim Chula-Maguire, a physical therapist.
"With my physical therapy clients, I always try to put their current ability in the context of their injury or illness," Chula-Maguire says. "I encourage them not to compare their current performance to their best ever performance, but rather, to think about the worst day they had during their time off. This could be the first day of the injury or the day after surgery, for example, and then compare that moment with what they did today. If they're better today on their very worst day, they're making progress!"
START EASY
You might have an idea in your head of what you want to do for your first few workouts back. Do less than that, advises Kelly Lease, a physical therapist. "If it goes well, you can always add more activity later after a sufficient rest or recovery period. If you overdo it in the beginning of your return to exercise, there is a higher risk of re-injury or setback, which in turn delays an otherwise healthy recovery process."
DO SHORT, BUT FREQUENT, WORKOUTS
"For someone who is just getting back into exercise, depending on their exercise history and current physical condition, I would recommend keeping the workouts shorter: around 5–15 minutes daily," says Michelle Miller, a personal trainer with more than 20 years of experience.
But the old adage that a body in motion stays in motion is true. Because of that, Miller recommends making your short workouts more frequent, especially in the beginning. "I would rather see someone set a short-term goal of 5 minutes per day of low-impact cardiovascular exercise (like walking) than see them push their body to do 30–40 minutes at a time one day a week." Once you've established a solid, safe routine, you can increase the time and intensity.
RESET YOUR GOALS
"Most of us who exercise are very goal-oriented," points out Kate Ayoub, DPT, a physical therapist and health coach. Instead of reverting straight back to your old goals, consider setting some new ones that feel realistic and reasonable considering your physical status. This helps you focus on the progress you're making now, instead of what you can't do that you could months ago, Ayoub says.
TUNE INTO YOUR SILENCE
Getting back to exercise after a physical injury or serious illness may come with a shift in perspective, Lease notes. "There can be a new appreciation for your body's ability to heal and the tenacity required to recover. This can make returning to exercise or athletic activities feel more valuable, since you are regaining the ability to do things you used to do but could not participate in for a while."
BE PATIENT AND CONSISTENT
Of course, the guidelines vary by activity, but the basic tenets for success are the same no matter your preferred form of exercise: Be patient and consistent. "You have to avoid the evil of doing the 'three toos,'" Chula-Maguire says. Those are: too much, too fast, too soon.
"If you're not patient, you'll end up out of commission again," she adds "That being said, it's also important to realize that the journey back to top form is usually not linear. You may improve for several sessions in a row, and then have a setback. Again, be patient and consistent. If you have a bad day, realize that it's normal to have ups and downs. As long as the overall trend is toward improvement, you're on the right path!"
CELEBRATE THE SMALL WINS
Positivity goes a long way in this process, experts say. And while it's great to celebrate when you reach a major milestone, the small, daily successes are important, too. "It is productive to think about your achievements such as showing up to scheduled workouts, completing workouts, and building strength," Miller says.
PRACTICE GRATITUDE
"Being grateful has been shown to increase our mental and physical health," Ayoub says.
Having an injury or illness is a bummer, but could it have been worse? "My clients who have the best recoveries are grateful for what they have, what they can do, their medical team and their support system. While it's important to feel your feelings and to mourn the loss of your fitness, activity level or sport, it's also important not to dwell. Change your focus to gratitude as your recovery progresses."
Tagscreating healthy habitsFitness Tipsinjuryrecovery
Julia Malacoff
Julia (@jmalacoff) is a seasoned writer and editor who focuses on fitness, nutrition, and health. She's also a certified personal trainer and Precision Nutrition Level 1 coach. Based in Amsterdam, she bikes every day and travels around the world in search of tough sweat sessions and the best vegetarian fare.


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Low-friction Harken Big Bullet blocks lead control lines aft. They are compact and lightweight, with fast trim and release under high or low loads. A range of styles lets these blocks adapt to almost all control line applications.


text:
Solid Start
'Metal Gear Solid V: The Phantom Pain' lands Konami their first No1 of the year.
It also marks the series' return to the top of the All Formats chart for the first time since 2008. It's a new week 1 high for the series beating the opening week sales of 'Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty' by just under 37%. It's enough to put it at 3rd place in terms of first week sales in 2015 (behind Batman: Arkham Knight & The Witcher III: Wild Hunt). PS4 takes a commanding 72% share over Xbox One which has 22%, while PS3 edges to a 3% share over Xbox 360 with just 2%. Unable to threaten the No1 spot ahead of Metal Gear, Warner Bros' post-apocalyptic open world 'Mad Max' still makes a solid start driving in at No2 in its debut week. After winning the battle of the format exclusives and claiming No1 last week 'Gears of War: Ultimate Edition' (-64%) makes way for the new guys dropping to No3. It remains ahead of Sony title 'Until Dawn' (-52%) down two places to No4, while 'Disney Infinity 3.0' (-35%) also slides two spots to No5.
While the rest of the Top 10 has a somewhat familiar look the Top 40 welcomes another pair of debutants this week. Koch Media bring 'Broken Sword 5: The Serpent's Curse' to Xbox One and PS4 (The PC version was released in 2014) and the title makes it to No35 in its opening week. With the tournament proper on the horizon Big Ben Interactive and Ubisoft bring 'Rugby World Cup 2015' to a host of formats (Xbox One, 360, PS4, PS3, Vita and PC) landing at No39.


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text:
Police Log for Hanover area Aug. 30
The Evening Sun
8:30 a.m. Unauthorized use of a motor vehicle and fraud involving the unauthorized use of a debit card were reported in the 500 block of Broadway. Investigation continues.
9:44 a.m. No injuries were reported and towing was not required following a crash at Charles and Stock Streets. An unknown make truck tractor and trailer struck a parked 2012 Dodge Ram 1500 owned by Donald McMyne, of Hanover.
12 p.m. Criminal mischief was reported in the 800 block of E. Walnut Street where a windshield was damaged sometime over the last several days.
1:25 p.m. Disturbance involving a verbal argument occurring between two men was reported in the 600 block of Broadway.
3:11 p.m. Theft by deception was reported at a business in the 400 block of Eisenhower Drive where a male received refunds for merchandise that was not purchased. Investigation continues.
3:53 p.m. Domestic argument occurring between a man and a woman was reported in the 600 block of W. Elm Avenue.
5:30 p.m. Tiffany Kunkel, 31, of Hanover, was arrested for an outstanding warrant in the first block of Fourth Street. She was turned over to a constable for further disposition.
6:20 p.m. No injuries were reported but towing was required following a crash in the 500 block of Broadway. A 2002 Honda Civic operated by Jacob Yates, of East Berlin, struck a 2012 Jeep Liberty operated by Alex Melhorn, of Abbottstown.
9:05 p.m. Criminal mischief was reported in the 300 block of Baltimore Street where graffiti was spray painted and the paint was scratched on a parked vehicle sometime during the day.
10:40 p.m. Disturbance involving a verbal argument occurring between two men was reported in the first block of York Street.
10:38 p.m. Harassment by communications occurring between two women was reported in the 400 block of Carlisle Street.
12:03 a.m. Criminal trespass was reported in the 400 block of Eisenhower Drive where a male loitering on private property was gone from the area before police arrived.
4:02 a.m. Domestic argument occurring between a man and a woman was reported in the 200 block of South Street.
6:30 a.m. Suspicious male reported loitering in the 400 block of Broadway was gone from the area before police arrived.
11:30 a.m. Possible identity theft in the 100 block of McAllister Street.
5:25 p.m. A neighbor dispute in the 600 block of Fulton Street.
1:15 a.m. Suspicious activity in the first block of Front Street.
11:30 a.m. Trespassing in the 300 block of Main Street.
4:39 p.m. Domestic in the 200 block of S. 5th Street.
8:38 p.m. Trespassing in the first block of North Street.
8:38 p.m. Illegal dumping at W. Park Apartments.
9:39 p.m. Assisted Conewago Twp. police on Panther Drive.
10:49 p.m. Assisted Conewago Twp. police with a vehicle stop in the 1100 block of Elm Avenue.
11 a.m. Alarm in the 600 block of Main Street.
8:45 a.m. Theft in the 300 block of Ridge Avenue.
3:38 p.m. Kevin Hewitt, 52, of McSherrystown, was arrested and placed into the Adams County Prison for an active warrant.
7:46 p.m. Assisted Conewago Twp. police with a domestic dispute on 200 block of South Street.
5:30 p.m. A brick was thrown through a window at a residence in the 400 block of Main Street.
7:40 p.m. Assisted S.A.V.E.S EMS with a female patient in the 100 block of Michelle Drive.
8:55 p.m. Trespassing in the 300 block of Fairview Avenue.
11:36 p.m. Disturbance in the 500 block of North Street.
2:37 a.m. Suspicious people in the 500 block of Main Street.
1:40 p.m. Reckless driver in the 100 block of Main Street.
2:18 p.m. Vehicular complainant in the 300 block of Main Street.
5:46 p.m. Assisted Conewago Twp. police with a vehicle stop on Edgegrove Road.
12:50 a.m. Assisted Conewago Twp. police with a vehicle stop on Black Lane.
1:27 a.m. Suspicious activity in the first block of S. 3rd Street.
2:06 a.m. Assisted S.A.V.E.S EMS with a patient on Westview Drive.
5:05 p.m. Civil incident in the 600 block of Cricket Lane.
5:30 p.m. Vehicle assist in the first block of North Street.
Gettysburg Borough
1:11 a.m. Domestic in the 200 block of E. Lincoln Avenue.
2:48 a.m. Police service in the 400 block of S. Washington Street.
7:16 a.m. Criminal mischief in the 300 block of York Street.
8:37 a.m. Burglar alarm in the 200 block of Baltimore Street.
11:08 a.m. Suspicious activity in the 100 block of Chambersburg Street.
12:53 p.m. Assist police agency in the 300 block of Baltimore Street.
1 p.m. Reckless driving in Straban Township.
1:44 p.m. Reckless driving in Cumberland Township.
4:14 p.m. Domestic in the 100 block of Pape Alley.
9:33 p.m. Disabled vehicle in traffic at Chambersburg and Washington streets.
10:42 p.m. DUI at Liberty and E. Middle streets.
11:58 p.m. Threats in the first block of Steinwehr Avenue.
3:56 a.m. Assist Fire/EMS in the 100 block of N. Washington Street.
7:47 a.m. Death investigation in the first block of Hanover Street.
9:21 a.m. Welfare check in the first block of E. Stevens Street.
10:53 a.m. Hit-and-run traffic crash in the 600 block of York Street.
11:45 a.m. Falsified ATF Form in the 200 block of S. Franklin Street.
1 p.m. Falsified ATF Form in the 200 block of S. Franklin Street.
1:33 p.m. Welfare check in Freedom Township.
2:13 p.m. Reckless driving at N. Franklin and Chambersburg streets.
4:16 p.m. Disturbance/loud noise in the first block of E. Middle Street.
5:24 p.m. Burglar alarm in the first block of Baltimore Street.
6:11 p.m. PFA violation in the 100 block of S. Stratton Street.
6:27 p.m. Reckless driving in the 400 block of Old Harrisburg Road.
8:40 p.m. Domestic/assault in the 200 block of E. Lincoln Avenue.
8:34 a.m. Animal injured in the 200 block of Steinwehr Avenue.
11:44 a.m. Overdose in the 300 block of Village Drive.
12:22 p.m. Stray animal in the 200 block of W. Lincoln Avenue.
1:03 p.m. Abandoned vehicle in the 100 block of E. Racehorse Alley.
1:17 p.m. Threats at W. Racehorse Alley and Franklin Street.
6:44 p.m. Disturbance/loud noise in the 100 block of N. Stratton Street.
7:13 p.m. Threats in the first block of Breckenridge Street.
9:44 p.m. Theft in the 400 block of Baltimore Street.
11:06 p.m. Disturbance/loud noise in the 500 block of Carlisle Street.
12:08 a.m. Alcohol overdose in the first block of W. Lincoln Avenue.
12:12 a.m. Burglar alarm in the 200 block of Steinwehr Avenue.
4:22 a.m. Domestic in the 100 block of N. Stratton Street.
9:01 a.m. Traffic crash with no injury in the first block of Baltimore Street.
11:06 a.m. Disabled vehicle in traffi in the 200 block of N. Washington Street.
12:35 p.m. Assault in the first block of E. High Street.
3:08 p.m. Abandoned vehicle in the 100 block of N. Stratton Street.
4:10 p.m. Ordinance violation in the 100 block of N. Stratton Street.
7:30 p.m. Harassment in the 200 block of Steinwehr Avenue.
7:31 p.m. Parking complaint at Lincoln Square.
7:57 p.m. Harassment in the first block of Chambersburg Street.
6:58 a.m. 911-wrong number in the 200 block of S. Washington Street.
8:05 a.m. Harassment in the 100 block of N. Stratton Street.
10:45 a.m. Parking complaint in the first block of N. Washington Street.
10:55 a.m. Suspicious person/warrant arrest on Lincoln Square.
11:56 a.m. Disabled vehicle in traffic at Lincoln Square and York Street.
5:48 p.m. Traffic crash with injury in the 100 block of Hanover Street.
8:05 p.m. Disturbance/loud noise in the first block of Baltimore Street.
8:28 p.m. Harassment in the first block of Baltimore Street.
1:39 a.m. Hit-and-run traffic crash in the first block of Chambersburg Street.
1:41 a.m. Drunkenness in the first block of Chambersburg Street.
2:43 a.m. Suspicious activity in Bonneauville.
3:22 a.m. Disturbance/loud noise in the first block of Breckenridge Street.
5:36 a.m. Parking complain at Lincoln Square.
9:54 a.m. Burglar alarm in the first block of Springs Avenue.
10:38 a.m. Burglar alarm in the 1000 block of Long Lane.
11:58 a.m. Tampering with identification in the 200 block of Hanover Street.
1:27 p.m. Fraudulent act in the 300 block of Baltimore Street.
3:46 p.m. Assist Fire/EMS in the 500 block of Baltimore Street.
4:35 p.m. Harassment in the 300 block of W. High Street.
9:06 p.m. Found property in the 400 block of Steinwehr Avenue.
9:08 p.m. Suspicious activity in the first block of Steinwehr Avenue.
12:57 a.m. Suspicious activity in the first block of N. Washington Street.
1:02 a.m. Theft at Lincoln Square.
1:02 a.m. Assist Fire/EMS in the 300 block of Carlisle Street.
1:30 a.m. Underage drinking/disorderly conduct at W. Lincoln Avenue and Carlisle Street.
2 a.m. Drug activity in the first block of Chambersburg Street.
2:05 a.m. DUI/drug violation/foot pursuit at E. Zerfing Alley and S. Stratton Street.
7:52 a.m. Found property in the 200 block of N. Stratton Street.
8:01 a.m. Littering in the first block of Breckenridge Street.
11:44 a.m. Disabled Vehicle in Traffic at W. Middle and S. Washington streets.
11:56 a.m. DUI/traffic crash-vehicle into a building at Breckenridge and S. Washington streets.
1:31 p.m. Missing person in the 200 block of S. Washington Street.
5:38 p.m. Drunkenness at S. Howard Avenue and Prince Street.
9 p.m. Stray animal in the first block of Springs Avenue.
9:20 p.m. Disturbance/loud noise in the 500 block of Baltimore Street.
10:10 p.m. Assault in the 100 block of Baltimore Street.
11:20 p.m. Police service in the first block of Breckenridge Street.
State Police/Gettysburg
10:44 a.m. The Pennsylvania State Police are investigating a theft that occurred in the 2400 block of Carlisle Pike in Berwick Township.
Unknown person(s) damaged the driver's side door of a 2015 Nissan Murano in the 800 block of Orphanage Road in Mt. Joy Township and fled the scene undetected.
7:47 a.m. A vehicle crash involving four vehicles on East Berlin Road, west of Oxford Road, in Tyrone Township.
2:17 p.m. Frank A. Golembieski, 68, of Gettysburg, operating a 1999 Isuzu Amigo attempted to make a u-turn in the 7300 block of Carlisle Pike as he turned north, it crossed into the path of a 16-year-old female from Wellsville operating a 2003 Ford Escape northbound and was struck in the rear passenger corner. Following initial impact, Golembieski traveled up a small embankment, and struck a post, causing disabling front driver's side damage, Golembieski came to final rest against the post. The Ford sustained disabling front end damage and came to final rest at the point of impact. No injuries were sustained.
Unknown person(s) stole the identity of a 32-year-old male in the first block of Fieldcrest Drive, Union Township, and opened up two accounts in the victim's name.
Alexander J. Cardosa, 18, of Abbottstown, operating a 20055 Honda Civic and Owen M. Sanders, 18, of Abbottstown, operating a 1995 Saturn Twin Cam were traveling eastbound on Route 30 in Mount Pleasant Township. Sanders came to a stop in the eastbound travel lane for a school bus. Cardosa failed to come to a stop and struck the rear of Sanders. No injuries were sustained.
5:41 p.m. Joshua Michael Newlin, 27, of Aspers, crashed into a telephone pole while operating his vehicle at Guernsey and Heidlersburg roads in Butler Township under the influence of alcohol.
5:58 p.m. A traffic stop was attempted on a black 2010 or newer Subaru Impreza hatchback that was speeding. The vehicle took off south on Route 97 from Route 15 passing many vehicles unsafely. The vehicle turned south onto Hoffman Home Road and then later east onto Fish and Game Road. The pursuit was terminated due to the recklessness of the driver and the high speed. Within minutes the vehicle was reengaged in Littlestown Borough and again fled from police. The pursuit was again terminated due to the recklessness of the driver. Anyone with information or tips about this incident should contact State Police at 717-334-8111. Adams County Crime Stoppers is offering a cash reward for information that leads to the solution of this crime.


Lady Gorgon, a high-ranking Hand operative, lost her stature after she failed to kill Frank Castle. Now that the Punisher has made his way to Tokyo to hunt her, she'd be lucky if her stature is all she looses. Frank's made a list of every scumbag dumb enough to take a shot at him. If you're on his list, you're already dead. Let the festivities begin.
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text:
Citizens Savor San Francisco's Sunday Streets Program
Savoring four hours of car-free, open streets in San Francisco, Bay Area citizens came out to play on May 10, one of six Sunday Streets offered in 2009.
MTC Joins Region in Celebrating Bay Trail's 20th Anniversary
If you have ever walked across the Golden Gate Bridge, flown a kite along the waterfront in Tiburon, hiked through the San Francisco Bay National Wildlife Refuge or windsurfed off of Candlestick Point, then you have enjoyed the San Francisco Bay Trail.
HOT Lanes Heat Up: Express Lane Bill Moves in Legislature
July 16, 2009, Update
President Obama, Vice President Biden, Secretary LaHood Call for U.S. High-Speed Passenger Trains
President Barack Obama, along with Vice President Biden and Secretary LaHood, announced a new U.S. push today to transform travel in America, creating high-speed rail lines from city to city, reducing dependence on cars and planes and spurring economic development.
Massive "Left Coast Lifter" Crane Arrives in San Francisco Bay
An immense, barge-mounted crane dubbed the "Left Coast Lifter" that will be used to help build the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge's new suspension span passed under the Golden Gate and into San Francisco Bay just after 2 p.m. today. The 400-foot-long barge – built by U.S.
Assembly Bill 32 (AB 32) and Senate Bill 375 (SB 375) Workshop Report: Changing California Through a New Environmental Paradigm
Learning how California and the Bay Area plan to deal with — and reduce —the impending onslaught of climate change drew more than 100 representatives of Bay Area cities, counties, transportation agencies, business and environmental organizations to a half-day conference at the Joseph P.
State Budget Hits Public Transit Hard
Sacramento lawmakers finally reached agreement on how to close an estimated $42 billion shortfall (through June 2010) in the state's General Fund.
Bat Bridge West Approach Milestone: Harrison Street Off-Ramp to Reopen — Last Major Piece of Retrofit Project
The Harrison Street off-ramp reopens to westbound traffic at 5 a.m. Monday, February 9, 2009, after being closed for more than three years to accommodate seismic retrofit work on the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge.
Southbound Highway 101 HOV Lane Opens to Traffic
Caltrans, the Transportation Authority of Marin (TAM) and MTC are celebrating the completion of the southbound high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane on Highway 101 in San Rafael.
Transportation, Land Use and Greenhouse Gases: A Bay Area Resource Guide DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT
Forty percent of the Bay Area's greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) — nearly 42 million metric tons a year — come from our cars, trucks, buses, trains, ships and planes. (See charts on page 5).


text:
Home Corporate Governance Agency theory of corporate governance
Agency theory of corporate governance
Sneha Mahawar
This article has been written by Naveen Talawar, a law student at Karnataka State Law University's law school. The article gives insight into the concept of corporate governance and the agency theory of corporate governance.
This article has been published by Sneha Mahawar.
Concept of corporate governance
What is corporate governance
Definitions of corporate governance
Pillars of corporate governance
Need for corporate governance
Corporate performance
Wide spread of shareholders
Changing ownership structure
Combating corruption
Reduced risk of corporate crisis and scandals
Theories of corporate governance
Agency theory
Stewardship theory
Stakeholder theory
Resource dependency theory
What is the agency theory
Features of agency theory
Purpose of agency theory
Agency problems/conflicts
Moral hazard
Effort level
Earnings retention
Reducing the agency problem
Restrictions on the agent's capabilities
Commission and bonus structures
Criticisms of agency theory
What are the main characteristics of the agency theory?
What is the principal-agent problem?
What are the most effective methods of reducing agency loss?
The shareholder-manager relationship, which functions as the principal and agent in a corporation, has always been one of the issues discussed by scholars as a factor in determining whether a corporation succeeds or fails, depending on the nature of the relationship and the incentives upon which this relationship in a firm is based. This connection is governed and examined by the agency theory. The dilemma was defined and examined by Jensen and W.H. Meckling in their paper "Theory of the Firms" in 1976 on the basis of a relationship between a 'Principal' who appoints someone to duty and an 'Agent' who is appointed to act on the Principal's behalf.
Agency theory looks into the issues and solutions that arise when tasks are delegated from principals to agents in the context of competing interests. It examines the circumstances under which various types of incentive instruments and monitoring arrangements can be used to minimise welfare loss, beginning with clear assumptions about rationality, contracting, and informational conditions. Agency theory has had a significant scientific impact on social science due to its clear predictions and broad applicability, but it has also received significant criticism. This article deals with the agency theory of corporate governance in detail.
Corporate governance (CG) is a new phenomenon founded on a variety of complicated disciplines, including but not limited to legal, cultural, ownership, and other structural differences. However, its foundations are undoubtedly weak. The evolution of corporate governance was influenced by the growth, complexity, and advancement of the economy as well as the development of corporate structures.
The idea of corporate governance is ambiguous. In essence, there is no single, accepted definition of corporate governance; rather, it is subjective. The term 'Corporate' legally refers to a business transaction. Similarly, the term 'Governance' is the act of exerting authority, direction, or control. Thus, the concept of 'Corporate Governance' refers to the system by which a business entity's management directs and controls activities in the best interests of the stakeholder. Corporate governance is the term used to describe how a corporation is operated. It is the method used to lead and manage businesses. It all comes down to striking a balance between social and economic as well as individual and societal aims.
The following are some definitions of corporate governance:
According to the Cadbury Report (1992), it is defined as "the whole system of controls, both financial and otherwise, by which a company is directed and controlled."
According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) report 1999, corporate governance is "A set of relationships between a company's board, its shareholders, and other stakeholders. It also provides the structure through which the objectives of the company are set, and the means of attaining those objectives and monitoring performance are determined"
According to the report of the N.R. Narayana Murthy Committee on Corporate Governance constituted by SEBI (2003), "Corporate Governance is the acceptance by management of the inalienable rights of shareholders as the true owners of the corporation and their own role as trustees on behalf of the shareholders. It is about commitment to values, about ethical business conduct and about making a distinction between personal and corporate funds in the management of a company."
In general, corporate governance refers to a set of practices that protect the interests of all stakeholders in a company. Corporate governance is a system of regulations, customs, and procedures for managing and guiding a business.
The three pillars of corporate governance are as follows:
The quality of something that allows one to easily understand the truth is referred to as transparency. In the context of corporate governance, this involves providing stakeholders with accurate, sufficient, and timely information about the operating results of the corporate enterprise.
In simple terms, transparency means having nothing to hide. This means that a company makes its processes and transactions accessible to outsiders. It also makes required disclosures, informs everyone affected by its decisions, and follows all applicable laws. Transparency is an important component of corporate governance because it ensures that an outside observer can scrutinise all of a company's actions at any time. This makes its processes and transactions verifiable, allowing the company to provide a clear answer if a question arises about a step taken.
Accountability is the obligation to explain the results of choices that were made in the interests of others. Accountability in the context of corporate governance refers to the Chairman's, Board of Directors, and the CEO's obligation to use the company's resources (over which they have authority) in the best interests of the company and its stakeholders.
The top management of the company must be independent in order for good corporate governance to exist, which means that the Board of Directors needs to be a powerful, nonpartisan body that can make all corporate decisions based on business wisdom.
Corporate governance is necessary to promote a workplace culture of transparency, accountability, and disclosure. It refers to upholding all moral and ethical standards, the law, and voluntarily adopted practices. This enhances shareholder value and wealth, as well as customer satisfaction. The following factors emphasise the importance of corporate governance:
Improved governance structures and processes help to ensure quality decision-making, promote effective succession planning for senior management, and boost a company's long-term prosperity, regardless of size or source of finance. This is related to improved corporate performance, whether in terms of share price or profitability.
A company today has a large number of shareholders dispersed across the nation and even the globe, the majority of whom are unorganised and uninterested in corporate affairs. The idea of shareholder democracy is still only recognised by the law and the articles of association, so it needs to be put into practice through a code of conduct for corporate governance.
In the present era, institutional investors (both foreign and Indian) and mutual funds have radically changed the pattern of corporate ownership, becoming the largest shareholders in the large corporate private sector. These investors have emerged as the greatest challenge to corporate management, requiring it to adhere to a set of established corporate governance principles to enhance its reputation in society.
Companies that are transparent allow for transparency in all business dealings and foster an environment where corruption will undoubtedly disappear. Such businesses also have sound systems in place that fully disclose accounting and auditing practices. Corporate governance allows a company to compete more successfully by preventing fraud and other wrongdoing within the organisation.
Effective corporate governance ensures the effectiveness of the risk mitigation system. By making the board of a company aware of all the risks associated with a particular strategy, corporate governance is a transparent and accountable system that enables different control systems to be put in place to monitor the related issues.
Numerous theories of corporate governance cover the issues that arise in firm and company governance from time to time as well as describe the relationship between various stakeholders of the business while carrying out the business's activity some of them are as follows
The basis of agency theory is the distinction between 'the principals,' or the owners (shareholders) of a business or organisation, and 'the agents,' or the managers hired to run the organisation. According to agency theory, there is a conflict between the agent's and the principals' goals because they are different. The next part of the article discusses in detail about this theory.
This theory holds that managers desire to produce quality work and maximise company profit, which generates a favourable return and raises the value of the shareholders. This theory contradicts the agency theory. As in this case, the theorist assumes that company managers are stewards whose actions, intentions, and behaviour are connected to the principal's objectives.
A stakeholder is a group of people who have influence over or are affected by an organisation's processes, systems, and efforts to accomplish its objectives. If the competing interests of all the firm's stakeholders were balanced, the goal could be accomplished. This strategy explains how the firm is managed by a variety of stakeholders, each of whom has specific demands. Stakeholders are interested in making the most of the company by managing it effectively. It also implies that when formulating policies, all organisations must take into account the needs of all stakeholders.
According to the resource dependency theory, the board of directors' responsibility is to give the company access to resources. It asserts that, through their connections to the outside world, directors are crucial in providing or securing essential resources for an organisation. The provision of resources enhances organisational performance, the firm's performance, and its ability to survive. The directors bring legitimacy to the company as well as resources like knowledge, skills, and connections to important stakeholders like suppliers, buyers, public policymakers, and social groups. The four categories of directors are insiders, business experts, support specialists, and community influencers.
One of the most significant and widely discussed theories of corporate governance is the agency theory, which is used by many systems in the modern world. The debate over agency theory and corporate governance began in the 1930s. It is typically traced back to the 1930s with the publication of Berle and Means' "The Modern Corporation and Private Property," in which they noted that there was no effective check on the executive autonomy of managers due to the separation of ownership and control and the wide desperation of ownership. This concept was refined in the 1970s by writers such as Jensen and Meckling, Fama, Alchian, and Demsetz, who provided various explanations for issues that became known as the agency theory. At the time, writers defined and examined the dilemma in terms of the relationship between a 'Principal' who appoints someone to duty and an 'Agent' who is appointed to act on the principal's behalf.
Agency theory is defined as the relationships between principals, such as shareholders, and agents, such as corporate executives and managers. The shareholders, who represent the owners or principals of the business, are said to employ the agents to carry out tasks. Directors or managers, are the shareholders' agents and are given authority by principals to manage the company. According to the agency theory, shareholders expect agents to act and make decisions in the best interests of the principal. On the contrary, the agent may not always act in the best interests of the principals. In the 18th century, Adam Smith identified such a problem, and Jensen and Meckling presented the first detailed description of agency theory in 1976.
Agency theory is a popular theoretical framework in corporate governance. Its popularity stems from two features. Firstly, it is straightforward because it divides large corporations into managers and shareholders, each with clearly defined conflicting interests. Second, it operates under the widely accepted premise that because every rational person is inherently egoistic, they will always seek to advance their own interests.
There are generally three sets of interest groups within the company: directors, shareholders, and creditors (such as banks). Since banks and managers have different overall priorities, stockholders frequently disagree with both of them. Shareholders are more interested in slow and steady growth over time, whereas managers look for quick profits that increase their own wealth, power, and reputation.
The purpose of agency theory is to highlight areas where corporate interest groups are in conflict. Banks want to reduce risk, whereas shareholders want to make the most money possible. The ability of managers to turn profits and then impress the board is what makes them even riskier when it comes to maximising profits. There are costs involved with each group trying to control the others because modern corporations are established on these relationships.
Agency theory is used to understand the interactions of agents and principals. The agent represents the principal in a particular business transaction and is required to act in the principal's best interests, regardless of personal financial benefit. Conflicting interests of principals and agents may arise because some agents may not always act in the best interests of the principal. Miscommunication and disagreement can lead to a variety of issues within businesses. Each stakeholder may become divided due to incompatible desires, which can lead to inefficiencies and financial losses. It brings up the principal-agent issue. The principal-agent problem occurs when a principal's and an agent's interests conflict. When owners' and managers' interests diverge, agency conflicts take place. They appear in various forms. They arise in several ways.
The prospect that a party insulated from risk may behave differently from the way it would behave if it were fully exposed to the risk. A manager has an interest in receiving benefits from his or her position as a manager. These include all the benefits that come from status, such as a company car, a private chauffeur etc.
The company for which executive directors and senior managers work typically provides the majority of their income. As a result, they are concerned about the company's stability because it will protect their job and future earnings. This suggests that management might be risk-averse and reluctant to fund more risky projects. Shareholders, on the other hand, may want a company to take bigger risks if the expected returns are sufficiently high. It matters less to shareholders if one company takes risks because they frequently invest in a portfolio of various businesses.
Shareholders are concerned about their company's long-term financial prospects because the value of their shares is based on long-term expectations. On the other hand, managers might only have short-term concerns. This is because they might only expect to work for the company for a short period of time and because they might receive annual bonuses based on short-term performance. Managers may thus be motivated to increase the accounting return on capital employed (or return on investment), whereas shareholders are more concerned with long-term value as measured by net present value.
It's possible that managers put in less effort than they would if they were the company's owners. This "lack of effort" could lead to lower earnings and a lower stock price. Both the middle and upper levels of management in a large corporation will be affected by the issue. Managers' interests and senior managers' interests may diverge, particularly if senior managers receive pay incentives to boost profits while managers do not.
The size of the company, not its profits, is frequently a determining factor in how much directors and senior managers are paid. Instead of increasing shareholder returns, this gives managers an incentive to expand the business by raising sales and assets. Instead of paying out dividends, management is more inclined to want to reinvest earnings in the business to expand it. When this happens, businesses might make investments in capital projects with low expected profitability and a negative net present value.
Certain measures and principles can be followed by both the principal and the agent to reduce the likelihood of conflict. They are mentioned below.
When there is limited knowledge between the agent and the principal, agency problems are most frequent. The agent has far too much opportunity and too much temptation to use the knowledge gap for their own gain. When agent-principal relationships arise in business, full transparency can aid in closing the knowledge gap and preventing the agency problem from arising.
Giving the agent excessive authority to act on your behalf invites future issues and could influence the financial advisor to make poor decisions. Most successful governments use checks and balances because it limits the power of any single individual or entity, reducing corruption. Imposing restrictions is an effective method of limiting the agent's power.
Relationship conflicts are less likely when incentives and bonuses are introduced and removed. Bonuses are a great way to encourage an agent and enable them to act in the principal's best interests in order to achieve the desired incentive. Contrarily, bonuses may drive an agent to act solely in the interest of their own financial gain, disregarding the principal's best interests in the process. Since every principal-agent relationship is different, it's essential to choose the right strategies for every circumstance in order to maintain a decent, healthy relationship.
Various authors have criticised agency theory. Numerous authors, in particular, have criticised the assumptions underlying the standard agency model as too restrictive, that is, not generalizable to the vast majority of humans but rather specific to a subset of individuals.
This theory is one-sided, emphasising economic factors while ignoring (among other things) political factors, internal government problems, and the roles of other stakeholders.
Numerous legal concerns are raised by some authors when presenting shareholder-manager relationships based on agency theory. For instance, not only shareholders are subject to risk. Other parties involved in value creation contribute resources that are essential to the company and take on the risk associated with its operations.
By assuming that people behave opportunistically, some authors contend that agency theory paints an extremely negative picture of human nature.
Several academics are skeptical of the concerns about ownership of a firm. From a legal standpoint, shareholders own only the shares of a company, and thus they should not be considered the sole residual claimants. The exclusive rights of shareholders modify the risk taken by various stakeholders, because managers controlled by shareholders will choose strategies that result in relatively safe financial returns, even at the expense of a lack of innovative development or ignoring other important goals for the firm.
Agency theory examines the issues and potential solutions that arise when tasks are delegated to agents by principals in the context of conflicting interests. Beginning with clear assumptions about rationality, contracting, and informational conditions, it examines the circumstances under which various types of incentive instruments and monitoring arrangements can be used to reduce welfare loss. Since agency theory makes precise predictions and has a wide range of applications, it has had a significant scientific impact on social science. At the same time, it has received a lot of criticism. The majority of this criticism is directed at the assumptions underlying agency theory, specifically those underlying simple models. These assumptions are frequently very restrictive in order to promote the mathematical tractability of the problems. However, some of the polemical criticisms levelled at it are unjustified.
Agency theory is concerned with relationships between parties in which one delegated some decision-making authority to the other. The principal would delegate some decision-making authority to the agent, who would then be responsible for maximising the principal's investment in exchange for an incentive. Agency relationships are intended to add value to the parties involved. However, there are costs associated with engaging in the relationship, monitoring its progress, and enforcing it.
The principal-agent problem is a conflict in priorities between a person or group and the representative authorised to act on their behalf. An agent may act against the best interests of the principal. The principal-agent problem is as varied as the principal and agent roles. It can happen in any situation where the owner of an asset, or a principal, delegates direct control over that asset to another party, or agent.
An agency loss is an amount that the principal claims was lost as a result of the agent's acting against the principal's interests. Offering incentives to corporate managers to maximise their principals' profits is one of the most effective strategies for resolving disputes between agents and principals.
https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273979161_Agency_Theory_Corporate_Governance_and_Finance
https://portal.abuad.edu.ng/lecturer/documents/1508187226AGENCY_THEORY.
https://www.redalyc.org/journal/3579/357966632010/357966632010.pdf
https://www.academia.edu/5582502/Corporate_Governance_and_Agency_Theory_3
https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/031815/what-role-agency-theory-corporate-governance.asp
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Discover all you need to know about starting postgraduate study - from the types of courses to your postgraduate funding options, where to live, and tips and advice from current students.
A PGCert or PGDip is a shorter less extensive course of study at the Masters level. It can be useful for anyone who doesn't want to commit to a full year of study or who has a very specialised interest in just a few modules on a course. Both qualifications will in general omit the research element of a course but follow the same taught modules as the Masters.
These are taught courses which usually last one to two years full time or two to three years part-time. The taught element is usually quite significant and these courses will end with a research project and dissertation. Teaching can also include seminars, lectures, oral work, tutorials, project work and exams.
This type of degree has a larger research element which is supervised by an experienced academic but will still have a fairly large taught element. This course is suitable for someone who may want to continue with a PhD or a career in research.
An MPhil is a research only degree, similar in academic quality to that of a PhD but shorter in length, so it is suited to those who can't commit to the lengthy period of study. It is often a precursor to a PhD or a career in research. The course will include the production of a thesis and an oral examination to demonstrate your research skills, knowledge and understanding of your subject area.
The Master of Laws is a one year full time course which law students and professionals may study to have the opportunity to specialise in one particular field. It is not a requirement to hold an LLM to practice law and in most cases an LLM student will have gained a professional law degree such as an LLB in the UK.
An MBA is aimed at management professionals who already have a few years of business experience. They are usually fairly expensive, intensive and designed to create the business leaders of the future. Length of study can be from a year to 18 months full time, or up to six years part-time. Course costs can vary but typically a UK MBA course will start at around £28,000 and can rise to upwards of £50,000.
A professional doctorate is usually a part-time course for experienced professionals to carry out some research related to their profession, as well as a a taught element. On completing a professional doctorate, students are entitled to call themselves Dr.
A PhD is seen as the highest qualification a student can achieve. A PhD is based on the student carrying out original research and this type of qualification is usually required by those wishing to lecture or teach in universities although it is now also valued in other career sectors too.
The UK government has launched a Postgraduate Masters Loans scheme for loans up to £10,609 if your course starts on or after 1 August 2018.
The amount you'll get is dependent on when you started your course, and not based on your family's income.
At the moment, the loans are only offered to masters students who are under the age of 60 on the first day of the first academic year of the course.
Bursaries and scholarships are available from a range of charities, foundations, trusts, professional bodies and societies.
These funds are often awarded to students from a low socio-economic background, those who've achieved academic excellence or those whose studying will benefit a local community.
Learned societies sometimes offer funding for postgraduate or post-doctoral research. Examples include the British Academy and the Royal Academy of Engineering.
A studentship refers to a place in a postgraduate course (most commonly a PhD) that comes partially or fully funded.
There can be stipulations about how the money can be spent - i.e. all the funds to go towards tuition costs.
Studentships are highly competitive. The seven UK Research Councils award around 8,000 studentships each year to a range of institutions.
A bursary is a monetary award given to students who meet a certain set of criteria. This can include household or family income, academic achievements, subjects studied or where a student lives.
The term 'bursary' is often used interchangeably with scholarship.
Depending on the institution, bursaries can be a one-off payment or given in installments.
Certain awards are given to students studying a particular subject area. These include teaching, social work, and medicine and healthcare.
Institutions and training providers may also offer financial support to students studying specific areas.
Many banks offer professional and career development loans from £300 to £10,000. The loans are to help pay for courses and training that help further your career, or get you into work.
The loans are usually offered at a reduced interest rate, with the government paying interest while you study.
Funds are available to students who are experiencing financial difficulties, including coming from a low-income family, are a single parent or are encountering unexpected financial difficulties.
You've studied hard and gotten good results, but how you can you translate all the skills, techniques and training you developed during your masters course to the job market? Here are some frequently asked questions about the best ways to showcase your Masters course.
My masters is theory based. How do I present it to employers?
Often having theoretical or conceptual training can help you to approach work creatively and strategically. You are likely to have developed a good level of research and analysis skills. In some areas, such as the social sciences, you might have looked at real world issues through a theoretical lens. Highlight these transferable skills in your applications and how they are relevant to the job you want. Make sure you explain the content of your course in non-academic language.
Can I apply for graduate schemes?
Around 15% of PhD students have a full scholarship, usually from one of the UK Research Councils or research charities. These opportunities are usually advertised on sites such as www.jobs.ac.uk and www.findaphd.com.


I created a custom field with type "string" so that I can have a list for the attr "size" like "50; 56; 62; 68; 74; 80; 86; ... 140+; >140".
In the backend, when I am creating a new product and choose the size for the product from the dropdown list by the custom fields, everything is fine. there is the right sorting list.
So, how can I fix this issue?
But I also have another strange thing. The values of the list are not they should be.
See the screenshot I made.
I think you should use the 'Multi Variant' custom field type for your purpose. Example screenshot below.


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As in the past, a large number of people turned up to take their grievances to the notice of Chief Minister N. Biren Singh at the joint Meeyamgi Numit and Hill Leaders' Day held at Chief Minister's Secretariat today.
The Chief Minister heard as many as 493 complaints and met around 1500 people from 8:45 am to 2:30 pm at the Durbar Hall of the Chief Minister's Secretariat.
In addition to looking into complaints and grievances of the public, a special highlight of the day was presentation of a wheel-chair to a differently-abled woman namely, Kompeimi Raikhan (30) d/o Chihaningam Raikhan of Mapao Khullen (Chirik) village of Senapati District by the Chief Minister.
N. Biren Singh also announced that a pension of Rs. 1500 per month would also be given to Kompeimi under Chief Minister-gi Sotharabasing-gi Tengbang (CMST) being implemented by the State Social Welfare Department.
Huge number of people were seen gathered at the gate of CM's Bungalow since early morning to obtain gate pass. The Chief Minister's Secretariat also made extensive arrangement for the convenience of the visitors.
Adequate seating arrangements were made under a large makeshift Mandab (hall) especially erected for the day inside the CM's Secretariat complex. Moreover, water, tea, snacks and other refreshments were also served to the visitors.
Officials of Government Departments like Social Welfare, Health Services, JNIMS, Education (S), bank, Police and DIPR etc. were also present to assist the people. A medical team along with an ambulance was kept ready for any medical emergency.


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Messiah brings Hallelujah Chorus to local singers, students, faculty
Handel´s Messiah will be performed by a 200-member choir consisting of locals and a 45-piece orchestra. The event is scheduled for Tuesday and is expected to bring a crowd of 1,000 people.
James Marcum
At 7:30 p.m. on Tuesday, Missouri Southern will once again present Handel's Messiah as a free gift to the community.
This will mark the eleventh Southern presentation of the Messiah. Bud Clark, director of choral studies, will be in charge of the production.
Clark has been on staff at Southern for 16 years, and in addition to directing he also instructs students studying to be vocal instructors.
"Messiah is Southern's Christmas gift to the community; people look forward to it every year," Clark said.
The production includes a 200-member choir, a 45-piece orchestra and usually brings a crowd with as many as 1,000 people.
Southern's concert chorale makes up about 70 of the choir members, which means that over half of the members are from the surrounding community. The orchestra includes some Southern students as well as musicians from the Joplin and Springfield areas.
Messiah requires four lead vocalists who, in the early years of presentation, were members of the community chosen by audition. In recent years, however, the University has brought in professionals from all over the nation to perform as soloists.
"All the professionals that we hire in are always impressed with the level of excellence that they see in the Southern Messiah," Clark said. "The music in Messiah is not easy music. I'm real proud of our community people and students. They do a real outstanding job. Handel was big into opera. This is the closest thing to opera that you will see from him, only minus the costumes."
In recent years, the production of Messiah was put on hold after Southern went through some budget cuts. After a private donor offered to subsidize the cost of the production, it was brought back. However, this will be the last year that this donor will be able to help, which means that Southern must look for alternative funding.
Most of the students that perform in Messiah have performed in earlier years. Josh Sharp, junior physical education major, is performing in this year's Messiah. This will mark his third year.
"Its nice. You get the community together to sing for their friends and family. Also, you're singing about the Lord, which is what the Christmas season is all about," Sharp said.
Julie Foster, senior music major, was a soloist in the very first Messiah. She will be performing in the choir this year.
"I love it Messiah because it's a powerful piece of work," Foster said. "There is no other Christmas piece that has stood the test of time. The history behind it is really neat too. What better gift to give the community than music?"


I had to be up at 5 to make the 8am ferry from Dover to Dunkirk. It felt surreal to be facing Europe on my own without family in the car. And nobody to navigate.
Ben seemed totally unconcerned at my goodbye hug. He won't miss me, then!
It was dark as I drove off...but I had to slip my hand into the zip pocket of my bag to make sure (for the nth) time that my passport was where I had put it the day before.
Passing an accident on the M25, I made a mental note to myself to watch my speed and drive carefully. My mind was constantly checking details, scanning the horizon for possible happenings, both foreseeable and unforeseen.
The M20 Brenzett junction recalled trips we'd made to Camber and Rye with Matt and Tom, and then later with granddaughter Sophie.
Entering Dover via the sea front instead of by Jubilee Way also jogged memories of our honeymoon search for a restaurant. I realized I had removed the Eurythmics CD from the player which had been Ian's choice of music to accompany our nuptials. He remembered that too...as his text asked whether I was listening to it while in the lane to board the ferry. The Killers will have to substitute.
I used the wait to stick the beam adjusters on the headlamps. The two blokes in the car ahead watched me with a slightly amused look on their faces. Needless to say, after several warnings on board about European law, at disembarkation they were fitting their own. Should have got them from ebay!!
The crossing had been foggy. I tried not to think of Thownsend Thoresen and calmed my nerves with a plate of beans on toast...always my favourite. Cheap too.
Back in the driving seat, I repeated the mantra: drive on the right, drive on the right. And hoped my satnav would work abroad. It does! Very impressed with it...had absolutely no problem finding Bruges after an easy drive across acres of flat land. The nerve-wrecking bit was driving down the narrow cobbled streets of this medieval city, still so clearly beautiful despite the fog.
I had come to Bruges to view the beguinage. It was established in 1245 and is still an enclosed courtyard of houses, although it is now a Benedictine nunnery. Not much of the medieval setting remains. This mainly 18th century building does give an idea nevertheless of how beguines, pious lay women from a movement which emerged in the 13th century, lived an industrious and evangelical life; but this life was not enclosed with binding vows like for nuns. Beguines became the backbone of the textile, and later the lace-making industry of the Low countries, as their founding charters demanded that they live by the work of their own hands.
As with my recent research on Carthusian monasteries I was surprised to find how large the living quarters were. I guess this was the house of a more well-to-do lady... Beguines were a mixed bunch, deriving from all echelons of society. I did think it was a bit of a cheek that the information sheet stated that there are now no Beguines left, and that the present residents (Benedictine nuns) have brought 'real monasticism' there. Poor Beguines; while they certainly avoided monastic enclosure, they still appear to be viewed as following a 'pseudo' form of spirituality. Tending the sick and teaching the poor in the world is apparently less 'real' than cloistering oneself. It is interesting that the label given to Marguerite Porete at her condemnation in 1310 was 'pseudo mulier' or pseudo woman; I am keen to determine what is true faith and what is not. More later about mystic Meg's fate.
In my planning, I had decided to go to the coast where the mouth of the river Scheldt/Escaut enters the North Sea. I wanted to see with my own eyes the lie of the land, since the Escaut is the river on which Valenciennes is built. In Marguerite's book, The Mirror of Simple Souls, she uses an analogy about rivers flowing into the sea to explain how the Soul can unite with God, becoming the same in essence, but not in nature. The river remains a river but the waters merge into each other and the tributary loses its name. I wanted to see the place where she may have seen the sea. So my next stop was Breskens, just inside the Dutch border (there are, however, no working border posts now – very different to when I first came onto the 'continent' as it was called, nearly 50 years ago). Again I drove through lots of flat open land, where everything is waterlogged.
The Guesthouse de Passant is lovely, although I don't think their two steep staircases would pass our building regs. A walk around town and on the beach whet my appetite. Although it is smaller, and not quite so picturesque, the feel of the town put me in mind of Bournemouth – an out of town spot to spend a quiet weekend, with the drawing power of some Michelin starred restaurants. My budget did not run to that level of culinary delight so I had a delicious steak in the new steakhouse. The coffee was possibly the best I ever tasted. After that every other cup will be a disappointment.
I retired after a nice hot shower with the thoughts on my mind: Can I write this book about Marguerite? And how to write it.