A Muslim friend of mine contested the absence of any clearer teaching regarding the Trinity in the Bible and it prompted me to investigate. In his mind Islamic tradition has taught him there is no such thing as the Trinity for the particular chronic translation he studies there from teaches him so. Though I … read more of Evolution of the Trinity Concept.


Home > Webinars > The future of government technology: Can AI and chatbots really revolutionize the citizen experience?
The future of government technology: Can AI and chatbots really revolutionize the citizen experience?
The future of government technology is here. Agencies want to invest in artificial intelligence (AI) and chatbots to transform the way they interact with citizens.
The next stage for these agencies is to shift AI and chatbots from buzzwords to deployable technologies. And government agencies must combine intelligent automation and human employees to optimize the citizen experience.


text:
BookLife Talks with Sandra Homer
A sponsored Q&A with the author of 'Evelio's Garden'
In Homer's latest work of nonfiction, she describes the challenges of growing an organic garden on her farm in Costa Rica. During a difficult year, her friendship with Evelio, the gardener, grows, as Homer finds herself remembering and reckoning with long-buried memories.
You've lived in Costa Rica for almost 30 years. What prompted the move to such a beautiful place?
Aside from the burnout both my then-husband and I were feeling, it was pure dumb luck to run into an honorary consul from Costa Rica who made it sound so easy to get residency here. We had spoken about making a change in our stress-filled business lives, a search for a kinder climate, an easier lifestyle, the chance to do what we really wanted... and here was Costa Rica waiting for us. It was too good to be true. It took us 18 months to put it all together, but we embarked on a very different, and often difficult, new life.
With a memoir, how do you make sure you are telling "the truth," or how do you refresh your memories when writing?
Truth is a tricky thing, because memory isn't perfect. I've discovered, for instance, that my sister and I remember the same events differently. Consciously looking backward through the filters of age and lived experience, a lot of memories come into a more distinct focus. And, as a writer, you want to tell a coherent story. It's a balancing act. Above all, you want to be honest with yourself—as long as you're doing that, you're telling the only truth you can.
How was writing Evelio's Garden different from writing your other travel memoirs?
First, Evelio is not a travel memoir. The only similarity to my other books is that they were written as events were unfolding—in Evelio's case, the story of the garden and the changes in the natural world around me. Putting key events from the past into perspective is another exercise altogether, sometimes quite painful, with the objective of achieving greater self-understanding, even forgiveness. This memoir takes place in Costa Rica because here I've finally reached the age where I can tell it.
How do you imagine readers at this moment will connect to your book?
There's a lot going on in this book: lyrical descriptions of the natural world in one of the most biodiverse countries on the planet, cultural clashes between Evelio and me that are both comical and frustrating, the early signs of climate change in the tropics, what it's like to live in rural Central America, organic gardening and sustainable living in the Costa Rica of the 19th century, excerpts from my personal story that provide needed background, and my discovery of great spiritual strength in the natural world.
Have you ever thought about writing fiction?
What writer hasn't thought about it? I've published one flash fiction piece, and there are a couple of short stories I think are good enough to be published but haven't found a home yet. There are about 100 pages of a novel that I will probably never finish, although I'm looking at it again. All this is to say that I really think nonfiction is my métier—I'm certainly more comfortable in it!
image-here

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The engine breathes better thanks to a turbocharger, improving both performance and economy. Top features include front dual zone air conditioning, delay-off headlights, front and rear reading lights, adjustable headrests in all seating positions, a blind spot monitoring system, turn signal indicator mirrors, lane departure warning, and power seats. Passenger security is always assured thanks to various safety features, such as: dual front impact airbags, front side impact airbags, traction control, brake assist, anti-whiplash front head restraints, ignition disabling, an emergency communication system, and 4 wheel disc brakes with ABS. When road conditions become unpredictable, rely on all wheel drive to maintain outstanding control. Our aim is to provide our customers with the best prices and service at all times. Stop by our dealership or give us a call for more information.


Exciting Careers with India's Leading Online Travel Company!
Looking for adventure? If travel and technology is your sweet spot, you've come to the right place.
Yatra is India's leading online travel-technology company. We're a young, energetic and entrepreneurial brand, and every office of ours will tell you this story. We started as a humble startup founded by entrepreneurs who saw great potential, and a massive gap in how people wanted to travel so much more but had very few options. We're today listed on Nasdaq, and just last year, we helped more than 10 million people travel around the globe for business and/or leisure.
Read on to see what life @ Yatra is like, what skills and what levels of passion we look for in people and why joining Yatra will be a great move for your career.
We're lucky, in that our passion has become our business. We're fortunate to be in a setup where we work as enablers of a high-speed, dynamic and ever-changing new world. A majority of our customers are millennials and we understand their pulse really well. We're also trusted by large global businesses for managing their employees' business travel, and this makes us feel confident that we've set our vision right. Our vision is to become the largest travel company in the world, to cater to every traveller and to make an impact on his/her travel experience, at every touch point.
Our portfolio of brands include Yatra, Adventure Nation, Yatra Exotic Routes in the retail category, Yatra for Business and ATB Yatra in the Business to Enterprise (B2E) category and Travel Guru, TSI Yatra in the Business to Business (B2B) category.
A walk-through of our offices will tell you exactly how varied our businesses, and the people who run them are. You may see a corporate business manager in a sharp blue suit on a Monday morning and you're sure to find Converse fanatics on the development floor. Whatever your expertise, your style and your skill - as long as travel and technology is your passion - you'll find an interesting role at Yatra.
At Yatra, expect inspiration, rigour and growth - each day.
We're a 'young' company who believes in cultural diversity, challenging the status quo and winning in what we do. We empower our people and instill confidence in them, so they can think and deliver with a passionate zeal.
Our 17 offices across India employ tech fanatics, product aficionados, service warriors and strategy buddhas. Driving such a diverse work team requires that we be extremely understanding, flexible and empathetic in managing our most important assets - our people.
We ensure we hire the right people, provide them with an excellent work environment, look after them well, and reward them right. By doing all this, we can assure that go ahead with our customers will get nothing but the best when it comes to actual booking and travel experience.
At Yatra, expect an exciting, fast-track career, a solid work-life balance and great benefits. If visualisation is your thing - think of an office ecosystem which is colourful, vibrant, ever evolving, never mundane, entrepreneurial and at the same time stable.
Yatra.com is a leading online travel services provider in India, US and UK. We offer best deals on flight bookings, hotel bookings, bus tickets, irctc train tickets, fly and stay and holiday packages. Find cheap domestic flights to destinations in India or book cheap international flights within minutes. You can also easily book/cancel IRCTC train tickets on Yatra. With over 83,000 hotels in India and more than 430,000 hotels associated with us worldwide, rest assured, we'll get you an appropriate hotel no matter the budget. Creating happy and satisfied travellers is our motto!


"I got a call mentioning that they do not have dark pink roses.i said go ahead with light pink ones. It felt real good as I was informed and asked before delivery. The caller was extremely professional. Unfortunately I do not remember his name but kudos to the entire fnp team. Keep up the good work."
"I am happy with the service. Keep up the good work."
"Not Happy with the delivered product.. design & quality not same as it should have been. Not the same as shown in picture."
"Fresh flowers expected in bouquet."
"Flowers were not fresh. Expected a much better service."
"Thank h really appreciate for help"


Real estate investors, real estate appraisers and commercial real estate lenders use capitalization rates (cap rates) to determine the value of commercial real estate. Lenders and investors prefer higher cap rate to lower ones. They vary by location, property condition and market trends. A prudent investor determines a property's value based on his desired cap rate; acceptable rates vary with an individual investor's preferences. The formula for a building's cap rate is net operating income divided by sales price.
Erase grouping values in order to quickly modify previously entered values.


According to Scheidt, corn is at maturity which means it is contains 28-35 percent moisture content. Studies have shown once at black layer, corn dries at an average of .6 percent per day until it reaches 15 percent moisture, when it is ready to harvest.
"A few diseases are still being seen in soybeans, but if soybeans are to the seed development stage, fungicides are not economical," Scheidt said.
Green stinkbugs are being seen, below threshold level. Green stinkbugs can cause delayed maturity as well as damage to developing seeds if they are punctured by green stinkbugs' piercing sucking mouthparts. Threshold levels for green stinkbugs are 1/ft.
Small pod worms were seen by area crop scouts in fields west of Lamar according to Scheidt. Pod worms can be a number of different colors, including green. It is important to differentiate between green clover worm and pod worm because green clover worms are a beneficial insect that carry a fungus that kills pod worms.
Green clover worms have three abdominal pro-legs, while pod worms have four abdominal pro-legs located in the middle of the body.
Threshold levels for pod worms are 1/ft and when 5 percent of pods are damaged. Hero is the most effective insecticide to control pod worms. In university research field trials, an average of one large pod worm larva per foot of row was found to reduce yields by approximately 1.9 bushels per acre.


text:
Ben Vereen, geboren als Benjamin Augustus Middleton (Dade County (Florida), 10 oktober 1946) is een Amerikaans acteur. Hij won in 1973 een Tony Award voor zijn hoofdrol in Pippin. Een jaar daarvoor werd hij voor eenzelfde prijs genomineerd voor zijn bijrol in de musical Jesus Christ, Superstar. Vereen werd eveneens genomineerd voor Emmy Awards in 1977 (voor zowel televisieserie Roots als voor televisiefilm The Bell Telephone Jubilee) en 1992 (voor televisiefilm Intruders) en voor Golden Globes in 1976 (voor de film Funny Lady) en 1985 (voor de miniserie Ellis Island).

Vereen trouwde in 1976 met Nancy Bruner, zijn tweede echtgenote. Samen met haar kreeg hij dochters Kabara, Malaika, Naja en Karon. Eerder kreeg hij zoon Ben met zijn eerste vrouw Andrea Townsley. Naja kwam in 1987 op zestienjarige leeftijd om het leven bij een auto-ongeluk.

Filmografie
*Exclusief vijftien televisiefilms
21 and a Wake-Up (2009)
Mama, I Want to Sing! (2009)
And Then Came Love (2007)
Idlewild (2006)
The Painting (2001)
I'll Take You There (1999)
Why Do Fools Fall in Love (1998)
Once Upon a Forest (1993, stem)
Buy & Cell (1987)
The Zoo Gang (1985)
Sabine (1982)
All That Jazz (1979)
Funny Lady (1975)
Gas! -Or- It Became Necessary to Destroy the World in Order to Save It. (1970)
Sweet Charity (1969)

Televisieseries
*Exclusief eenmalige gastrollen
Promised Land - Lawrence Taggert, Sr. (1999, drie afleveringen)
Silk Stalkings - Capt. Hutchinson (1991-1993, twaalf afleveringen)
Zoobilee Zoo - Mayor Ben (1986, 46 afleveringen)
Webster - Uncle Phillip Long (1984-1985, tien afleveringen)
The Love Boat - Dr. John Hanson (1982-1984, drie afleveringen)
Tenspeed and Brown Shoe - E.L. Turner (1980, dertien afleveringen)
Roots - 'Chicken' George Moore (1977, vier afleveringen)

Amerikaans acteur
Pseudoniem

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Publish a map to transform the raw DITA content into output formats, such as PDF and HTML.
You must use a publishing engine to transform your content into another format. Publishing engines interpret the structure of your DITA files and then transform them into an output format based on your preconfigured formatting specifications.
Out of the box, easyDITA includes the DITA Open Toolkit (DITA OT), an open source publishing engine and a connector to MindTouch.
Each time a user publishes content, a publish event is created. easyDITA automatically tracks this publish activity, which you can use to quickly find recently published documents.
Think of a 'publishing scenario' as a template for publishing. This template defines the DITA Open Toolkit version, plugins, and parameters to use when publishing.
Included in every instance of easyDITA is the DITA Open Toolkit ( DITA OT), an open source publishing engine that you can use to perform publishes to several output formats.
You can publish a single deliverable in multiple languages by creating a root map and adding the localized map multiple times, one for each localized version that you want to publish.


text:
Gov. Charlie Baker visits Worcester vaccination center that administered nearly 400 doses on first day
Gov. Charlie Baker visits Worcester's vaccine center
By Michael Bonner | mbonner@masslive.com
A day after first responders across Massachusetts began receiving the coronavirus vaccine, Gov. Charlie Baker toured a vaccination hub on Worcester.
Baker said 376 first responders in Worcester received Moderna's version of the vaccine on Monday - the first day of distribution at the Providence Street location. At the start of Monday, city officials anticipated about 290 individuals would be administered the vaccine.
Overall, Worcester hopes to provide vaccines to about 2,200 first responders, which include staff in Grafton, Holden, Leicester, Millbury, Shrewsbury and West Boylston.
The site in Worcester was one of 119 across the state to begin administering the COVID vaccine to first responders on Monday. During his tour on Tuesday, Baker announced that Gillette Stadium would be opening as a vaccination hub with the capacity to administer more than 5,000 per day.
"The vaccines can't get here fast enough," Baker said. "The big hope on the horizon is the arrival or more vaccines and the ability to distribute them and make them available to people. But in the meantime everybody still has to do their part."
Baker avoided providing timelines associated with administering the vaccine and advancing to new phases. The governor said it's difficult to comment on the future of distribution because his administration only receives notification of new shipments a few days ahead of time.
"At this point, we're typically hearing when the next dose is coming a couple days before it lands," Baker said. "We don't have 20 to 30 days visibility into what the distribution plan looks like. It's very hard for us to make predictions where we'll be a month from now."
So far, Baker said the state has received 470,100 vaccines. Of that total, 209,722 have been administered.
Health care workers followed by long term care residents and employees were among the first to receive the vaccine in the state. First responders represent the third group that are eligible to receive the two-dose shot.
"We could not win this fight against COVID-19 without our first responders and our emergency personnel. Your safety and health are priorities of our administration and we remain committed to allocating all necessary resources to support the continued and courageous efforts of those serving the most vulnerable on the front lines across our commonwealth."
Worcester Police Chief Steve Sargent became the first emergency responder to receive the vaccine on Monday.
Dr. Michael Hirsh, the city's medical director, administered the shot to Sargent. Sitting to Sargent's left, Fire Chief Michael Lavoie gave a thumbs-up as Dr. Mattie Castiel, the Commissioner of Human Health Services for Worcester, administered the vaccine into his left arm on Monday.
"It's a personal decision obviously, but I would say that that's why we're here to show we're all for it," Sargent said. "The science shows it does work and there are some side effects, but the side effects are pretty minimal. Get out there. Get it done. We want to be a part of the solution."
City officials said about 70% of the Worcester Fire Department has registered to receive the vaccine. The city didn't have data regarding the number of members of the police department have has registered.
Hirsh said overall, about 70% of area first responders have registered. The figures though, were provided Monday morning when only 288 first responders were scheduled to be vaccinated. By the end of the day, volunteers had provided 376 doses.
After receiving the first dose, first responders will receive a car that will also show an appointment for the second dose 28 days later.
"Logistics are important," City Manager Edwards Augustus Jr. said. "As we get hundreds and hundreds of people go through this and ultimately thousands, they need to come back within a window of time for their second vaccine and that window isn't open-ended."
Augustus hopes operations like those at the senior center will expand once the city grasps a strong understanding of the best practices. Augustus envisions multiple vaccination hubs across the city to facilitate administering the vaccine, not only during this phase, but in later stages when vaccine rollout includes other city employees.
"The hope is that once we get this system down, we can expand it," Augustus said. "We may look at other sites beyond the senior center once we get people trained and we get a rhythm of how to do this."
Massachusetts daily COVID rate among highest in country
Herd immunity from COVID won't be achieved in 2021, despite vaccine availability, WHO chief scientist says
Joe Biden gets 2nd dose of vaccine as team readies COVID-19 plan


Happy Halloween! I hope Sandy didn't ruin your plans for tonight. Ours include handing out candy to the 150 kids who stop by every year and trying to put our girls to bed at their usual 7 p.m. bedtime. Exciting stuff!
Cricket's costume is another story...I asked her about a month ago what she wanted to be for Halloween, thinking she would have no idea what I was talking about and I'd get to choose something cute and easy.
"Goat," she said. I kept hoping a simpler demand would surface, but she stuck to that response each time I asked. There was no way my crafting skills could produce anything resembling a goat, but how could I say no to such a funny request? So I gave in and bought the only toddler-sized goat costume—and possibly the most expensive costume—on all the internet.
As we awaited its arrival, Cricket informed anyone who would listen that she was going to be a "goat costume" for Halloween. But I knew from the look on her face when we opened the box there was no way she would ever wear the costume. I don't know what she imagined when she asked to be a goat, but it certainly wasn't this creepy, full-body get-up.
Here is some documentation of our last attempt to coax her into the goat costume. First we lay the costume on the floor. She ignored it and ran around like a madwoman, flashlight in one hand, apple in the other. Then we asked her to point out her favorite features of the costume, of which there were several. Then she decided Nora should try on the hat. Nora thought the hat was pretty great, so we had a glimmer of hope. That hope was soon dashed. And in a final moment of refusal, Cricket sat down on top of the costume to eat a snack of string cheese and cereal.
Oh, well. We'll never forget the year Cricket refused to be a goat. Next year we'll find something less scary to wear. Now tell me, did you ever have to coax your kids into their costumes? Did anything work?


batteries excellent! but the only thing surprised when charging is more shows that mah. about shows and has charging stand for now 2800 mah now MH-C9000 maha on the charger full charge made обкатки put on mode (break-in) shaping batteries. not display such pro eneloop old so here. here these and so findings-кое наводит so on any) short, time will tell!!!
12 days fast shipping ukraine.
walked (55 days) екатеринбург through. дошли main, first-charge discharge capacity разбросом small good and технолайне showed on (h-charge 2.68 2.72, 2.88 and 2.92. usually gets battery charge to 110%. and discharge capacity to check on the use. battery "2700 mah-технолайн", подольске bought before the, less capacity stated immediately showed (1900-2400) charge, have 10 and discharge cycles not выровнялась capacity. this panasonic recommend timely sent goods store, thank you. in 30 days still often post and fit, sometimes 55.
отдают its capacity. come not trackable thought that shipping and very long.
walked very long. lay on chinese long mail. тестировала not yet. запакованы have good.
online picture on the item is not clearly not from japan, as positioned. country manufacturer china bar code see the photos. walking moscow to 37 days. until characteristics tested отпишусь then.
order delivered within 39 days. match battery capacity stated.


When the topic of moons with possible subsurface oceans is brought up, Jupiter's moon, Europa, and Saturn's moon, Enceladus, are two that often come to mind. Recently, however, another of Jupiter's moons, Ganymede--the largest moon in the solar system and the only moon known to have a magnetic field--is now thought to not only have a subsurface ocean, but there's also a possibility that this moon may actually have layers or shells of separate oceans. Because of Ganymede's unusual properties, one scientific model suggests that ice could form in one of the oceans, and as the salt precipitates out, the ice would float upwards, meaning that snow might actually fall upside down on Ganymede.


I can't believe just how fast these months are flying by. It only feels like last week when I was unboxing the August Degustabox and now I have Septembers.
Watch what I got in this video!
I thought this box was one of the best ones this year. It was full of snacks and things that we like. Obviously the cola drink didn't go down to well and if you hated Rola Cola then don't get this as it's similar. We loved all the other products with the Reece's peanut cups and 2 of the yes bars being firm favourites.
The majority of the snacks went the same day. We all enjoy Reece's anyway and the 2 chocolate coated yes bars were really tasty. I was not too keen on the beetroot one tho. I have not drank the cider but am instead passing it to my mother; who will no doubt enjoy it. The cows milk was a bit hit and miss. It was okay ish in a brew but certainly tasted much different than the regular milk. And I still have no idea what to do with the hemp??
If you haven't tried Degustabox yet, then I recommend you do. Head over here for just £12.99 per month.


We celebrated the holiday season with our traditional potluck dinner meeting in mid December. As usual the food was delicious with a tempting variety of dishes for both courses. We have some excellent cooks in our guild! Thanks to those with surnames beginning with A-L for providing the yummy food.
The hall was festively decorated for the evening with members' Christmas quilts and other projects. We enjoyed hearing the stories behind these quilts at Show & Tell - you can see photos of these items on the Show and Tell page.
By popular demand, we again played "Strip Poker" with a stunning selection of holiday fabric strips!


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Netflix reboots 'Cowboy Bebop' starring John Cho
By Eric Deggans
A beloved anime series gets rebooted as a live action show in Netflix's "Cowboy Bebop." NPR TV critic Eric Deggans says the revival, which debuts today, ticks all the right boxes but still loses something in translation.
ERIC DEGGANS, BYLINE: As a bona fide sci-fi action nerd, I should like Netflix's "Cowboy Bebop" a lot more than I actually do. The very first episode starts with an epic fight featuring star John Cho in a sleek blue suit, his hair long and flowing, tossing kicks and martial arts moves at a roomful of bad guys over a super cool soundtrack.
(SOUNDBITE OF TV SHOW, "COWBOY BEBOP")
DEGGANS: Cho, who you might remember as Hikaru Sulu from J.J. Abrams' "Star Trek" movies, is playing an intergalactic bounty hunter in the year 2071 named Spike Spiegel. He's teamed with an ex-cop named Jet Black who wants to visit a dangerous colony called New Tijuana to nab a criminal worth enough to buy a rare toy for his daughter's birthday. Spike is not convinced.
JOHN CHO: (As Spike Spiegel) Do you know what I got the last time I was on TJ?
MUSTAFA SHAKIR: (As Jet Black) Herpes.
CHO: (As Spike Spiegel) Stabbed. You know what I was doing? Buying a churro.
SHAKIR: (As Jet Black) My daughter's turning 8, and I can't afford to buy her a present because of you. Now, this is my ship. We're going to go after the bounties I say we go after.
DEGGANS: Netflix's series takes the odd couple as bounty hunters vibe and mixes in touches of 1950s-era detective noir, 1970s-era cop dramas, Westerns and a gonzo, grittily absurdist science fiction sensibility leftover from movies like "The Fifth Element." Here, bounty hunters are known as cowboys, and Jet Black, who's a fan of sax legend Charlie Parker, has named his ship the Bebop. To bend the genres even further, these cowboys find out about which criminals are on the run through a TV show announced by two overly enthusiastic hosts dressed like, well, cowboys.
LUCY CURREY: (As Judy) Punch and I've got a good one for you today.
IRA MUNN: (As Punch) That's right, Judy. A mad bomber is terrorizing Venus.
CURREY: (As Judy) He's blown up not one, not two, but three public buildings in the last 10 days.
DEGGANS: This should be heaven for a serious fan of "Doctor Who" and "Guardians Of The Galaxy." But for me, the writing isn't sharp enough to match the concept of this show, which unfolds like a series of special effects-packed action sequences interspersed with banter that sometimes feels empty, like this moment where Jet Black, who has a metal arm, is still grousing about buying his kid a doll.
SHAKIR: (As Jet Black) Kimmie has a birthday coming up and you wouldn't believe how much a kid's doll costs.
CHO: (As Spike Spiegel) Oh, yeah. (Imitating Jet Black) You're overdue for some good luck. Am I right?
SHAKIR: (As Jet Black) That's right, smart guy.
CHO: (As Spike Spiegel) That sounded like you. Admit it. Come on. They can't grow you a new arm, you know.
SHAKIR: (As Jet Black) Sometimes when you lose something, there's just no getting it back.
DEGGANS: Oh, yeah, I forgot about the foreshadowing you can see coming a mile away. The show's deficiencies are a surprise considering the legendary series it's based on.
DEGGANS: The original "Cowboy Bebop" aired on Japanese TV in the late 1990s and is considered by some to be one of the best anime series of all time. It helped introduce American audiences to the form in the early 2000s. In fact, Netflix's version features a lot of the same story points as the original anime series. But even when this show takes big swings, the effort is undercut by a story so predictable, you know what's coming long before the characters do. The result is a series packed with strong visual images and attitude but woefully short on substance - not a great look when you're recreating one of the most admired anime series around. I'm Eric Deggans.
(SOUNDBITE OF SONG, "TANK! [TV EDIT]")
YOKO KANNO AND SEATBELTS: I think it's time we blow this scene. Get everybody and their stuff together. OK. Three, two, one, let's jam. Transcript provided by NPR, Copyright NPR.
Eric Deggans
Eric Deggans is NPR's first full-time TV critic.
See stories by Eric Deggans


text:
Psyllaephagus latiscapus is een vliesvleugelig insect uit de familie Encyrtidae. De wetenschappelijke naam is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 2000 door Xu.

latiscapus


Kate Somerville has created a reputation for herself in the skin care industry. For roughly fifteen years, she has been able to create a name for herself and develop skin care products for near perfect complexions. The Total Vitamin Clear Skin Supplements are a nutritional kit that supplies you with a complete package of acne-fighting supplements. Each supplement packet has the able to provide nourishment, lubrication, and protection for the skin. By taking one packet in the morning and one at night, this acne-fighting regimen should eliminate excess oil and strengthen the skin from future breakouts.
Total Vitamin Clear Skin Supplements are packed with 52 ingredients that detox, cleanse, reduce inflammation, and fortify the skin against acne. A box of these supplements comes with 30 morning and night daily packets. At a glance each acne-fighting pill contains Vitamin A to support skin health, Bromelain for inflammatory support, and MSM for antimicrobial action. Not only do these supplements provide healthy looking skin, but they provide energy during the day, and relaxation at night.
This formula includes Niacin, which can cause redness of the skin and flushing.
Taking Total Vitamin Clear Skin is a simple and easy routine. The formula contains a number of vitamins, herbs, botanicals, and minerals to support healthy looking skin. While this acne treatment may work to prevent acne, adding a topical treatment would be beneficial to erase current acne infections. A 30 day supply of Total Vitamin Clear Skin is $85. This product has promise however, there are a number of cheaper alternative that will repair and protect your skin without any negative side effects.


Government funding for education is available the term, following the date that the child turns 3 years old. The Pre-School offers two 3-hour sessions every day. These sessions are open to all 18 months – 5 year old children.
Our fees are currently £4.00 per hour for preschool. Children staying for lunch may bring a packed lunch or there is a charge of £2.30 for a cooked school meal.
Before School Club is from 8.00 am to 9.00 am and charged at £5.00/session.
After School Club is from 3.15pm to 6.00pm and charged at £10.00/session.
Fees are payable monthly in advance. Fees continue to be payable if a child is absent without notice or for a short time. In cases of prolonged absence or other difficulties that may arise, parents/carers should consult the treasurer about fee payment. Each child's attendance at the group is conditional upon continued payment of any necessary fees. If fees are unpaid by funded children they will restrict to their funded hours. Late pick-ups will result in being charged in 5-minute slots.


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Scaphyglottis sickii is a species of orchid occurring from Grenada to tropical South America.

References

External links

sickii
Flora of Grenada
Plants described in 1956


text:
PCS Blogs
PCS People
Political strategy consultation report
Trades Union Congress
Brexit limbo makes pay vote win more crucial
With the lack of clarity over Brexit, and the government in a weakened position, it's even more important that we win the national ballot on pay which opens on Monday (18).
With uncertainty growing over Brexit and the potential of no deal being reached with the European Union by 29 March, PCS has been engaged in supporting members and exposing the sheer incompetence of the government.
When Article 50 was triggered two years ago, ministers were acutely aware that major planning would be needed to prepare for a changed relationship with the EU.
However, up until recently there has been almost no planning for any kind of change of relationship, let alone a 'no-deal' Brexit.
Leaked documents obtained by Sky News shed more light on Brexit plans in the event of a no-deal scenario, with warnings of "degradation of border security".
The report went on to say there is the real possibility of "disruption", "loss of data" and an "additional clandestine threat" emerging from less cooperation with EU nations.
The no-deal plan also assumes that UK citizens will no longer have access to 'e-gates' when travelling to the EU, but EU citizens coming to the UK will be allowed access.
The Cabinet Office has also revealed it is drawing together a 50-strong squad of civil servants as a contingency team to manage "fast-moving" and "major" events that spring from the UK's departure.
Understood to be part of Whitehall's planning for a no-deal Brexit, codenamed Operation Yellowhammer, staff will be given training on the workings of the Cobra system for dealing with national emergencies.
According to media reports, a job description for the secondments – which are due to run for a minimum of 12 weeks and were expected to start in February – says those selected will be tasked with "troubleshooting and devising creative solutions to difficult issues".
PCS, along with fellow civil service unions FDA and Prospect, is due to hold a series of meetings with the Cabinet Office on the Yellowhammer operation.
'Lorry park'
Meanwhile members have been suffering cuts in key departments that are directly affected by Brexit.
General secretary Mark Serwotka emphasised their plight on the BBC's Question Time programme at the end of last year.
He criticised the prime minister for a lack of planning, saying: "If we leave with no deal, the M20 and the motorway system will be a lorry park for weeks on end.
"They are totally unprepared for no deal because Theresa May, in these two years, has made no preparation for it because she told the people that she would negotiate a good deal."
He also pointed out the problems they would face if a customs deal wasn't struck with the EU.
At the moment 1% of freight is checked at ports while the other 99%, which comes from the EU, is not. With PCS members struggling to do all the customs checks at the moment, due to staff cuts, there simply isn't the infrastructure in place to cope with an increase in customs obligations if the UK leaves with no deal, said Mark.
"There would be absolute chaos at the border with huge delays and significant damage to the economy. We have neither the infrastructure nor the staff to deal with such an eventuality," he said.
In HMRC, management has forecast that in a no-deal scenario, an additional 5,454 full-time equivalent staff would be needed.
Nearly 2,400 have already been hired, with the remaining 3,000 currently being recruited up until the end of March.
Deal for jobs
The union has argued that these numbers are likely to be inadequate in the case of a no-deal Brexit. The difficulty is that the exact staffing requirements will depend on the details, or absence, of a deal.
The government has also called for volunteers to move between civil service departments to assist with the Brexit process. They seem happy to regard the civil service as a single employer when it suits them, but pretend each department is a separate employer when it comes to pay.
Volunteers are not the answer – we need more staff and resources.
With this lingering uncertainty of Brexit it is even more important that members make sure their details are up to date and that we win the national ballot on pay.
The government is in a weakened position and now is the time to make them realise they need to pay their staff a decent increase, significantly above the rate of inflation.
Following decisions taken by delegates at our 2018 annual conference, PCS is calling for a general election at the earliest opportunity to allow people to vote for a government that will end the damage inflicted by the Tories.
An early general election that returns a Labour government would be the solution to the Brexit impasse and would put an end to Tory attacks on trade unions, cuts in public services, and right-wing xenophobia.
PCS also demands that there should be adequate resources for the civil service to deal with Brexit-related issues, an end to outsourcing and privatisation, and full consultation with our union to plan the Brexit process across the civil service.
This article is taken from the March 2019 issue of PCS People which is online now.


text:
Q: Modifying table with javascript that is using Matt Kruse's table sort Over many years, I have found Matt Kruse's Table Sort to be a great solution for sorting and filtering tables, but my current requirement has me hiding/restoring columns dynamically (radio buttons, using javascript), and this seems to corrupt the Matt's table-structures that enable the sorting and filtering.
I have tried both rebuilding the table into .innerhtml, and also modifying the display style. (I have all the table information in arrays, so can rebuild the table if needed.) The table is built from the arrays initially, and Matt's library appears to be happy with that.
I have been going through Matt's code to see how to cause them to re-initialise after I make the changes to the table, but I think the Matt is a couple of steps over my ability. I don't understand how Matt's library code links to the htlm tables.
Can anyone have a quick look at the library and tell me how I can prod them into reinitialising (without reloading the whole page) -
http://www.javascripttoolbox.com/lib/table/source.php

A: I know this is REALLY old, but just in case, you can just reinvoke the table.js script as a function after your changes with something like:
$.getScript('path_to_my_script/table.js', function() {});

That will cause it to run again and apply to any tables/cells with the applicable classes.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Why so many manufactures either are stop producing or selling their divisions off ? eg. Schneider ELectric , GE .
Is it not profitable anymore , no demand like they thought or a single or couple manufactures have a monopoly of the market?
Customfixtures are you seeing that MFG's are selling off their divisions? I haven't heard that. I see, especially in European markets, charging stations everywhere. You are starting to see them pop up in The US, certain cities, as well.
I haven't heard news specifically for electric vehicle charging stations, but it's happening in lighting divisions, industrial equipment divisions, etc.
Many companies are now focusing more on services and financing, leaving manufacturing to a third party that continues to uses their brand name and pays royalties. OSRAM Sylvania did it with lighting products, and GE with industrial solutions if I recall correctly.
It is a super competitive market, and not as profitable as expected currently.
Europe really is fragmented regarding charging stations. For example the Netherlands invested early and in a unified interconnection system, whereas in Germany one encounters at least six different Standards, meaning you find charging stations everywhere but unfrequently the one you need.
Well, this might be because they're run out of investments from their investors or demand can be decreased.
Unlike traditional gas stations, it seems like the barriers to entry for electric charging stations are going to much lower. Unfortunately, that means early adopters will likely pay a high price for their stations only to eventually be undercut by new stations put in at a fraction of the cost.


text:
Iliboleng je v současnosti nečinná sopka, nacházející se na jihovýchodním okraji indonéského ostrova Adonara. V rámci ostrova se jedná o jediný aktivní vulkán, co se nedávné doby týče. Vrchol, vypínající se do výšky 1 659 m, je tvořený skupinou překrývajících se kráterů. Od konce 19. století bylo zaznamenáno asi dvacet menších až středních, převážně explozivních erupcí.

Reference

Související články
 Seznam sopek Indonésie

Externí odkazy

Tisícovky v Indonésii
Sopky v Indonésii
Stratovulkány
Malé Sundy
Hory a kopce v Indonésii


text:
DesJarlais: Mistress wasn't pregnant, so abortion not necessary
By Justin Sink - 10/12/12 05:15 PM EDT
Embattled Congressman Scott DesJarlais (R-Tenn.) — who made headlines earlier this week after a recording of a telephone call emerged in which the congressman, who opposes abortion rights, encourages his mistress to procure just such a procedure — said Friday that the woman turned out not to be pregnant.
"I don't mind telling people that there was no pregnancy, and no abortion," DesJarlais told WTN-FM. "But I also don't mind telling people that this was a protracted two-year divorce back in 1999 and 2000. There was some difficult times, for sure."
In the tape, a copy of which was obtained by the Huffington Post, DesJarlais is heard pressuring the woman to undergo the abortion. The woman was also a patient of DesJarlais's, who was a doctor before being elected to Congress.
"You told me you'd have an abortion, and now we're getting too far along without one," DesJarlais says. "If we need to go to Atlanta, or whatever, to get this solved and get it over with so we can get on with our lives, then let's do it."
In the radio interview Thursday, DesJarlais said he hoped "when the voters judge me, they judge me on the marriage I have now."
DesJarlais skipped a planned debate with his Democratic opponent, Eric Stewart, on Thursday night, saying he was tasked with presiding over Friday's pro forma session of the House. DesJarlais briefly presided over a prayer and the Pledge of Allegiance Friday morning before gaveling the House closed.


CLEVELAND, Ohio - The Cleveland Comets announced a cooperative partnershipcooperative partnership with Team Mexico for the 2019 National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) season.on Friday. The athletes invited to play with the Comets will have the chance to represent Team Mexico at the international competitions in 2019. The partnership will add to Cleveland's roster some top international talent to Cleveland's roster, which currently includes multiple NPF leading performersroster.that also will be familiar to NPF audiences. In addition, top Since many decorated players of NCAA softball players from around the country will participate. Players with have HHispanic backgrounds will have the opportunity to earn a spot with that allow them to qualify as members of TeamTeam Mexico, which will give fans the chance to see will notice players of ccollege, international and even former NPF players on the field. stardom.
"We are incredibly proud to announce our new partnership with Team Mexico" stated Stephen Dunn, General Manager of the Cleveland Comets. "Mexico is a power in the international softball world, and we believe their addition to our roster gives our franchise the immediate opportunity to compete for a championship." <>Team Mexico earned the Silver Medal at the 23rd Central American Games in Cartagena, Colombia with a record of 7 wins and 1 loss, with their only loss came coming (5x4) in extra innings in the championship game. IAlso in 2018, Team Mexico finished in 6th place at the World Baseball Softball Confederation (WBSC) World Championship celebrated in Chiba, Japan with a record of 6of 6 wins and 3 loses, losing to Australia 0x1 in nine innings for the chance to compete for the bronze medal. The teamThe team is currently ranked 5th in the WBSC world rankings.
"The Mexican National Softball Federation and it's sports government entities, The Mexican Olympic Committee (COM) and CONADE, are thrilled on the tremendous value of that this Comets/Team Mexico partnership opportunities will bring us," stated Ing. Rolando Cruz Guerrero, President of Team Mexico. to compete with the NPF best teams. Our players' quality of playing the game at the highest level, commitment and work ethics are second to none, and it's our responsibility to find opportunities like the one we are announcing today this so our players can be challenged and prepare themselves to compete head to head with the world's finest programs. We know that the Pan American GamesNational Pro Fastpitch will feature top notch competition and we want to provide our athletes with the best opportunities to succeed in their quest of preparing and competing for a qualifying spot in the 2020 Olympic Games in Tokyo" stated Ing. Rolando Cruz Guerrero, President of Team Mexico.
"Our mission remains the same, and that is to provide an exceptional fan experience, in combination with the world's most elite talent in the game of fastpitch to our fans. We believe today's announcement is another step forward in our endless pursuit to achieve this" said Dunn. Quote Stephen Dunn again on strengthening the roster>>The Comets will open the 2019 season on June 6, when they take on the Chicago Bandits in Rosemont, IL at Parkway Bank Sports Complex. Cleveland's home opener will take place on June 12, against the Canadian Wild of Southern Illinois, at Sprenger Stadium in Avon, OH.For more information about the Cleveland Comets or to purchase tickets to any home game during the 2019 season, please visit clevelandcomets.us or call the box office at 440-934-8239. About the Cleveland CometsThe Cleveland Comets, headquartered in Cleveland, OH, became a new franchise in the National Pro Fastpitch (NPF) League in 2018.


This course aims to teach everyone to learn the basics of programming computers using Python. The course has no pre-requisites and avoids all but the simplest mathematics. Anyone with moderate computer experience should be able to master the materials in this course.
This course is specifically designed to be a first programming course using the popular Python programming language. The pace of the course is designed to lead to mastery of each of the topics in the class. We will use simple data analysis as the programming exercises through the course. Understanding how to process data is valuable for everyone regardless of your career. This course might kindle an interest in more advanced programming courses or courses in web design and development or just provide skills when you are faced with a bunch of data that you need to analyze. You can do the programming assignments for the class using a web browser or using your personal computer. All required software for the course is free.
What is different about this class?
This class is specifically designed for beginners. The material moves slowly and carefully through the basic ideas and then builds to the point where you are writing programs to solve small but complete problems. We never write a program that is more than 25 lines long. We focus on understanding the concepts rather rushing toward some set of programming skills. There are other classes that push you further and faster - our goal is to prepare so you can succeed in those courses.
An hour or less of video lectures per week and some combination of a quiz, programming assignment, and optional extra credit activity.
The lectures and textbook are very supportive of each other. Sometimes you will learn better from the lecture and other times the textbook will be your most valuable resource. There is no cost for the textbook - you can download it for free and printed copies of the text are available at very low cost if you prefer a printed copy.
What about timing? Can I take this self-paced?
Within any week of the course, you can look at the materials and take assessments whenever you have time available, regardless of your time zone. But we will move the course along and there will be due dates for each assessment to keep us all moving forward together. So you can't wait until the last week and do all the material in a day or two. We expect that you will be committed and work on the course each week as you would for any other college class.
What is the Twitter hash tag for the course?
The hash tag for this course is #PR4E - you can see what students are talking about for the class Search PR4E on Twitter.
Can we contact the professor?
The professor will be nearby and monitoring the course. If problems come up, there may be a need for online office hours or even the just-in-time development of extra materials if a lot of students get stuck on a particular topic or idea. The discussion forum is an important part of the class and your fellow students will answer many questions. Teaching staff will monitor and interact in the forums as well. You can follow the instructor on Twitter @drchuck to get a sense of where he is during the course.
Can I get started early?
You can get a copy of the book and start reading the book. All of the programming assignments for the course are taken from the exercises at the end of each chapter. Once the course starts you will have video lectures for each week but you can subscribe to podcasts of the lecture audio for the entire course and start to familiarize yourself with the material. The free Apple iBook for the course includes all of the lecture videos.
Can I reuse these course materials in my own teaching?
You cannot re-use the materials provided on the Coursera web site, but we have provided free downloadable copies of all of the course materials, video, audio, PowerPoint files, and auto-grading software under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License at the Open Michigan web site and we encourage you to reuse, remix, and republish those materials. We are particularly interested in getting the materials translated into languages other than English.
Does the instructor really have a Coursera tattoo?
Yes. If you take the class he will probably show it to you. He gave a TEDx talk about MOOCs and he showed his tattoo to the audience.
There are no pre-requisites for this course. We avoid any advanced mathematics. You can do the entire class using a web browser. If you are going to do the programming exercises on your own computer (optional), you should know how to download and install software and be able to make folders and organize files on your computer. We will have detailed instructional videos for both Windows and Macintosh computers for all software installation and file management tasks for those who want to do software development on their computers. All required software for this class is free.


The Internet was abuzz yesterday with rumors of a possible new romance in Hollywood that would make any TV fan's head explode (Modern Family and True Blood?!) but, now that we're all over the initial shock, we can really ask ourselves: Is it true, or just your run of the mill Hollywood gossip? Sofia Vergara sort of addressed rumors that she's dating Joe Manganiello in a new post on Twitter today — and by "sort of," I mean her Modern Family co-star Jesse Tyler Ferguson mentioned them, and she responded coyly enough that it's not really a confirmation, but it's also definitely not a denial. It's probably the best we're going to get unless things get really serious, so let's just take it, yeah?
"All these rumors are crazy... Here's the truth: I'M actually dating @SofiaVergara...it happened after @JoeManganiello & I broke up," Ferguson first tweeted jokingly, before Vergara responded with a tweet of her own: "All your fault :P :P"
Emojis! Joking response! The rumors could be true. Plus, gotta say, there's more evidence that they are than there is that they're not: Vergara recently split with her fiancé, she and Manganiello were photographed out together in New Orleans just recently, and Manganiello has said before that Vergara is his ideal woman — so...it's not totally out of the blue.
Check out Vergara's coy tweet below and decide for yourself. I'm going with yes.


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Least expected among insect builder is the stonemason's trade. Neither ants, wasps, or bee work with stone. How remarkable it is that a caddis insect, working only by inherited instinct, can select grains of sand or pebbles and fit them together to make a neat case or cell within which it lives sale from its ennemies.
These stone-case builders are common almost everywhere, but are especially abundant in tumbling moutain streams. Seemingly, the caddises that build case of sticks and grass stems are most apt to be found in quiet brooks or still ponds where their cases will not be tossed about by currents. Stone cases are relatively heavy and « stay put » even in strong currents. There are, of course, many exceptions. I have collected numerous caddises with cases built of bits of bark in streams of the Great Smoky Mountains where the foaming waters tumbled down from one ledge to the next.
There are nearly different families of caddis insects, about a dozen of which contain members that constructs sand or pebble case. Some kinds construct their cases in the form of straight tubes, while others make cases that are trumpet-shaped or coiled like tiny snail shells. Their methods of case building vary. Some kinds add new sand grains or pebbles at the front end as they grow larger ; others adjust the sizes of their cases by removing building stones from the back end and adding them to the front. In yet other instances, the caddises simply build new cases when the old ones become too small. Normally the same kinds of caddises use the same sort of building materials but if these are not available they will often use whatever they can find. In this respect they are quite adaptable. There was once a lady in England who was able to induce some caddises to use gold dust for case construction. These were probably the most expensive caddis cases know!
It is a stange fact that caddises appear to select especially pretty stone for their cases. It was found, for example, that in a Nevada stream where a number of opals were present among the gravel, the caddises had built cases consisting almost entirely of these precious stones. What could be the possible advantage of this self-adorment is not easily explained . In the Rocky Mountains, caddis cases are often set with bits of garnet and other colored stones. Perhaps the caddises, having rather poor eyesight, merely pick up any stone or pebble which is shiny or colorful and which is the right shape and size. While collecting these insects in a stream beneath the towering Teton Mountains of Wyoming, I once found one case having a bit of gold-bearing quartz. And a caddis case was found in Montana having two small gold nuggets attached to it. This same case also contained semi-precious stones including columbite and cassiterite. (Columbite is imortant in this Atomic Age because it is résistant to radiation damage and can thus be used in atomic reactors. Cassiterite, sometimes called « stream tin », contains considerable tin.) Due to the fact that, in general, caddis larvae construct their stone case of whatever pebbles are present on the bottom of the streams where they live, they are fairly well camouflaged. While resting quietly upon the bottom they are not easily seen. When crawling about, however, one's attention is drawn to the mat once.
Some caddises are much more skillful than others in the art of fitting the pebbles together. Some kinds select and fit the pebbles neatly in place so that they form a smooth mosaic, while other kinds simply cement any small stone, regardless of shape, onto their cases. Then, too, some caddises change building materials as they grow older . For example, there is a common caddis in Yellowstone Park that uses small sticks during the first part of its larval life, then changes to pebbles. The result is that the rear end of the case are built of sticks while the front ends are of pebbles.
Probably the most unusual items used for case construction are small mussel shels which are often cemented to the caddis cases along with the pebbles. Sometimes a caddis case will be found that consists almost entirely of tiny snails shells. What is especially amusing is that caddises, perhaps because of that poor eyesight or simply because they do not care, often use snails or mussels with the living inhabitants still inside ! Such a caddis may try to crawl one way while the protesting little mussel or snail, having ideas of its own, tries to crawl some other way. In most instances, the caddis, because of its larger size, gets its way and wins the tug-of-war. Plant seeds of various kinds are also cemented to the cases among the pebbles. Sometimes these seeds sprout while still attached to the caddises. When this occurs the insect often has difficulty in moving about since the seedling plants becomes entangled with objects along the way.
While the stonemason caddices construct their cases in many forms the most attractive, perhaps, are the cornucopia-case makers (Leptocella) .These cases are built of sand grains closely cemented together into gracefull horn-shaped houses that are either straight or slightly curved; These stone cases are small in size and light enough to enable their inhabitants to swim freely with their legs extended outside. The water-penny caddises (Athripsodes) construct their cases of fine sand grains in the form of discs. On the underside of the disc is a pouchlike cell within which the caddis dwells, well protected and concealed from ennemies that cannot see it form above.
Another stonemason of the caddis clan is the saddle-case maker (Glossosoma) which could more appropriately, be called the turtle-shell caddis. These caddises build small cases of pebbles that resemble very closely the shells of turtles. They are dome-shaped and flattened on the bottom which has a cross-piece. This leaves opening fore and aft for the insect's head and tail. As these caddises creep over the surfaces of submerged rocks they resemble tiny turtles. When ready to pupate, they cement their cases down to stones in such a way that few ennemies can bother them.
There are many amusing and interesting little experiments that can be carried out with caddises and which shed lught on insect psychology and behaviour. Suppose, for example, that you were to remove several caddises from their cases and then place in an aquarium where there was very little building material. What would happen ? At first, nothing would happen because each one would find a few pebbles. Later, when the supply of pebble began to run out, there would be considerable fighting. Since some caddises are much more agressive than others they are not above stealing from each other. Sometimes such an individual will even pull o a pebble already cemented to the case of one of its fellows. Here, whether we care to admit it or not, we are perhaps encountering some human characeristics!
Such captive caddises that have had their cases carefully removed can often be made to construct cases of unusual things. We have already mentionned the British lady who got her caddises to build cases of gold dust. Caddises will also use small glass fragments and if these fragments are of colored glass the results are apt to be very attractive and unusual cases. I once had the idea of tricking some captive caddises into constructing cases of small colored beads and bright sequins, but the project was a failure. They would not use the colorful structural material I offered them, probably because they prefer, or are accustomed to, rough pebbles with sharp edges. Possibly they could not grasp the smooth surfaces of the beads and sequins in their jaws.
While caddises usually select the types of building materials to which they are accustomed, some experiments have been carried out which lead one to believe that some kinds almost have reasoning abilities. Supposedly, a caddis that normally uses sand grains or pebbles for construction has had no experience in cutting its building materials up into smaller pieces. Thus, it was a little surprising to find that such caddises would sometimes accept and cut up plants material when pebbles were not available. There appeared to be considerable variation in « intelligence » among the various individual insects, however. Some users of sand grains for cell construction at once made use of spruce needles and small sticks when sand was not present. Others could not makes the change and failed to build cases when deprived of their normal building materials.
Since caddises, like other insects that build things, work by instinct or inherite skill they tend to specialize in their choices of buildering materials and in their type of construction. A human craftsman by contrast, has the ability to reason and can use whatever material seems best for a particular job. Instincts are rather fixed and the lower animals that live by instincts cannot change, to any great extent, their methods of doing things.
Stick-building caddises tend to construct cases that are quite characteristic for each kind or species. For instance, caddise of the family Phryganeidae build case of bits of plant material cemented side by side in spirals down the lengths of the cases. Since these caddises use light vegetable material for case construction they seem to favor the quiet waters of marshes, pools, and lakes as dwelling places. Other stick-builders are those called chimney-case builders (Brachycentrus) that construct cases which taper toward the rear and are square in cross-section. Their cases are formed of pieces of plant fiber cut to exact length and cemented crosswise. These caddises are excellent craftsmen and the case they build are smoothly tapered with neat corners. A human carpenter could not do better. Chimney-case builders are found in many places but are especially common in streams and springs. I have found large numbers on submerged logs in streams in the Rocky Mountain. There is one caddis (Lepidostoma) with an unusual habit. It may construct it cases of either plant fiber in a square shape or of pebbles in round form. Some individuals may even build part of their cases one way and end up the other way. These creatures instincts or habits are apparently not definitely fixed.
Among the more characteristic cases built by the stick-builders are those constructed by Pycnopsyche and other caddises. These cases are built of pebbles, sand, or wood fragments but have a small twig cemented lengthwise along each side like the runners of a sled. One wonders if these « runners » do not serve some purpose. Perhaps they aid the insects in pulling their cases along over mud or the gravel bottoms of streams. Somewhat similar cases are built by Neophylax and Goera caddises, though these are constructed of fine pebbles with larger stones attached along either side. Another caddis, Molanna, builds a curious stone case having flanges extending out from the sides and over the top of the front opening, like a roof. Possibly this shape helps to kep the cases right side up as they are dragged along by the insects. In a few caddis insects, such as Leptocella, cases are constructed of wood fragments or sometimes of sand grains with a long, slender stick or twig attached along one sid only. It is a little difficult to see how this serves any useful purpose but it must be some sort of help to the insect.
A unique case-making habit is found in a rather common caddis that, instead of cementing plant or mineral materials together, simply selects a solid twig of the proper diameter and hollows it out. Such cases are not only easy to build but the insect living Inside is well camouflaged from ennemies. After hollowing out the twig, the interior is lined with silk, thus making a snug home for the caddis larva. The first time I saw one of these, I thought my eyes were deceiving me. Here was a short length of twig crawling slowly across the bottom of a clear mountain stream! Cases of this sort are made by the twig-case makers (Ganonema).
All the caddises we have so far discussed build cases of vegetable matter or stones so it may surprise you to learn that some kinds fabricate cases of silk or plastic-like material. This substance is secreted by glands in the insect's head. One of these is the small flask-case maker (Leucotrichia) that spins a tough, cocoon-like case that is quite transparent. It has small opening fore and aft. It belongs to the familly Hydroptilidae which are know as micro-caddises because of their small size. While the cases built by the flask-case makers are transparent, they are usually covered with adhering sand or algae and so provide a good camouflage.
While the building of log cabins by human beings is an early American invention, certain caddises have ben building such structures for millions of years in many parts of the world. The stick-case buildrs discussed previously use sticks and twigs for cell construction, but these building materials are usually attached lengthwise. The log-cabin builder attach twigs crosswise of their cells, with the result that they resemble tiny log cabins. However the « room » Inside is round, not square as in a settler's cabin.
There are several caddises that construct their cases in log-cabin form but one most often seen is the log-cabin builder (Oecetis cinerascens) whose cases are found in streams and quiet pools in many places. It takes but little imagination to decide that the name fits the cases very well.
While this log-cabin caddis build only one kind of case, always with the « logs » croswise, there is another kind that changes its building method as it grows older. This is the conbinatio-case builder (Limnephilus combinatus) of Canada. At first, this caddis build a typical log-cabin case; later it build a new, larger case ornamented with pieces of bark and, perhaps, small snail shells.
In the construction of its cases the log-cabin builder selects tiny twigs, pine needles, and other apprpriate objects and cuts them to the proper lengths with its jaws. These are cemented crosswise to the case, new material being added at the front end as usual. The caddis may then gnaw away or notch the center of the twig so that the opening or chamber remains circular in shape.
It is quite amusing to watch one of these little craftsmen in the act of adding sticks to its case. Sometimes they use sticks as large as one-fifth inch in diameter and, since not all the sticks they use are waterlogged, some may be buoyant and tend to float to the surface. In such cases the insect must struggle violently, beating the water with its legs in order to hang on to its timber. Most log-cabin builders, unlike some other caddise, cannot seem to use other building materials and, if deprived of twigs, will not construct case. However, if they are carefully removed from their log-cabin cases they will obligingly construct new ones if the proper building material is supplied to them.


text:
import React from "react";
import { shallow } from "enzyme";
import SkipNav from "./SkipNav";

describe("SkipNav", () => {
  it("matches snapshot", () => {
    const aSkipNav = shallow(<SkipNav />);
    expect(aSkipNav).toMatchSnapshot();
  });
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
پایگاه های بین المللی
Nature News & Comment
What the data say about police brutality and racial bias — and which reforms might work
access_timeشنبه 31 خرداد 1399 ساعت 11:6
linkNature News & Comment
Some interventions could help to reduce racism and rein in the use of unnecessary force in police work, but the evidence base is still evolving.
For 8 minutes and 46 seconds, Derek Chauvin pressed his knee into the neck of George Floyd, an unarmed Black man. This deadly use of force by the now-former Minneapolis police officer has reinvigorated a very public debate about police brutality and racism.
As protests have spread around the globe, the pressure is on police departments and politicians, particularly in the United States, to do something — from reforming law-enforcement tactics to defunding or even abolishing police departments.
And although researchers are encouraged by the momentum for change, some are also concerned that, without ample evidence to support new policies, leaders might miss the mark. Many have been arguing for years about the need for better data on the use of force by the police in the United States, and for rigorous studies that test interventions such as training on how to de-escalate tense interactions or mandating the use of body-worn cameras by officers. Those data and studies have begun to materialize, spurred by protests in 2014 after the deadly shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and the death by chokehold of Eric Garner in New York City.
Government officials, academic researchers and media outlets launched data-collection projects around that time to better understand the frequency of police violence and the risk factors that contribute to it. From these growing data sets come some disturbing findings. About 1,000 civilians are killed each year by law-enforcement officers in the United States. By one estimate, Black men are 2.5 times more likely than white men to be killed by police during their lifetime 1 . And in another study, Black people who were fatally shot by police seemed to be twice as likely as white people to be unarmed 2 .
"We have enough evidence that tells us that action needs to be taken," says Justin Nix, a criminologist at the University of Nebraska Omaha. "One thousand deaths a year does not have to be normal." Since Nature reported last September on what the data say about racial bias and police killings , new evidence has continued to support a link. Data from California show that police stopped and used force against Black people disproportionately, compared with other racial groups, in 2018 (see go.nature.com/2bgfrah ). A December 2019 paper reported that bias in police administrative records results in many studies underestimating levels of racial bias in policing, or even masking discrimination entirely 3 .
What the data say about police shootings
The data are still limited, which makes crafting policy difficult. A national data set established by the FBI in 2019, for example, contains data from only about 40% of US law-enforcement officers. Data submission by officers and agencies is voluntary, which many researchers see as part of the problem.
"Most agencies do not collect that data in a systematic way," says Tracey Meares, founding director of the Justice Collaboratory at Yale Law School in New Haven, Connecticut. "I hope when people think about the science of this that they understand what we know, what we don't know and why we don't know it," she says. "Policing, in large part for historical reasons, has proceeded in kind of a science-free zone."
Scientists must often think creatively to work around the limitations in the data. Mark Hoekstra, an economist at Texas A&M University in College Station, has attempted to decipher the role of race in police officers' use of force, by comparing responses to emergency calls.
Based on information from more than two million 911 calls in two US cities, he concluded that white officers dispatched to Black neighbourhoods fired their guns five times as often as Black officers dispatched for similar calls to the same neighbourhoods 4 (see 'Answering the call'). Hoekstra wonders whether the factors that contribute to an officer using excessive force might be predicted in a similar way to how US Major League Baseball teams use sophisticated statistical models to predict whether a player has the potential to be a future all-star.
Scientists have tried to identify some predictive factors, such as racial bias, a bad temper, insecure masculinity and other individual characteristics, many of which can be identified through simulations already used in officer training 5 . Nix suggests that such screening could help with vetting officers before they are recruited. But raising the bar for hiring might be impractical, he cautions, because many police departments are already struggling to attract and retain highly qualified candidates.
Similar forecasting models could recognize patterns of bad behaviour among officers. Data from the New York City Police Department suggests that officers who had repeated negative marks in their files were more than three times as likely to fire their gun as were other officers 6 .
Mathematicians urge colleagues to boycott police work in wake of killings
Such wrongdoing might even be contagious. Another study, published in February, looked at complaints filed against police officers in Chicago, Illinois. It found that although only a small percentage of officers shoot at civilians, those who have done so often serve as "brokers" in the social networks within policing 7 . Other officers connected to them were also found to be at greater risk of shooting.
But carrying out disciplinary action, let alone firing a police officer, is notoriously difficult in the United States. Union contracts give officers protections that have been tied to increases in misconduct 8 . In many states, a bill of rights for law-enforcement officers shields personnel from investigations into misconduct. "One thing we need to take a hard look at are those state laws and union contracts that provide either flawed or overly protective procedures that insulate officers from appropriate accountability," says Seth Stoughton, a former police officer who is a law professor at the University of South Carolina in Columbia.
Lawrence Sherman, director of the Cambridge Centre for Evidence-Based Policing in Cambridge, UK, suggests that states have the constitutional power to license, or revoke, the power of any individual to serve as a police officer. "If a state agency was keeping track of everyone's disciplinary history, they might have taken Derek Chauvin out of the policing business ten years ago," says Sherman. Chauvin had received 18 complaints against him even before he put his knee on Floyd's neck. "We monitor performance of doctors," Sherman adds. "Why don't we monitor the performance of police officers?"
Even officers who are fired for misconduct are frequently rehired. The police officer in Cleveland, Ohio, who fatally shot 12-year-old Tamir Rice in 2014 had previously resigned from another police department after it had deemed him unfit to serve. The Cleveland police did not review the officer's personnel file before hiring him, The New York Times reported in 2015. An investigation of public records from Florida showed that about 3% of that state's police force had previously been fired or had resigned in lieu of being dismissed. The study, published in May, found that these officers tended to move to smaller agencies which served a slightly larger proportion of Black residents, but with no significant difference in crime rates 9 . They also appeared to be more likely to commit misconduct in the future compared to officers who had never been fired.
"If an officer is fired for misconduct, or resigned to avoid an investigation, they shouldn't be able to get hired by another agency," says Stoughton. "This is a low-hanging fruit."
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Federal legislation introduced last month targets barriers to good and fair policing. One bill would effectively end the doctrine of qualified immunity, by which courts have largely prevented officers from being successfully sued for abuse of power or misconduct since the mid-1960s (ref. 10 ). A similar bill proposes a number of measures intended to increase police accountability, training and data collection, including a national police misconduct registry to keep record of when an officer is fired or quits. Although Democrats in Washington DC broadly support the bills, Republicans unveiled a competing, weaker proposal that does not address the issue of qualified immunity. This came on 17 June — a day after President Donald Trump signed an executive order that incentivizes police reform. The order drew swift criticism over its relatively narrow breadth and lack of teeth.
Robin Engel, director of the Center for Police Research and Policy in Cincinnati, Ohio, suggests that the real capacity for change is at the state and local levels. "There's a collective citizen call to action now to hold political leaders responsible for ensuring that the police are collecting data, releasing data and operating with best practices," says Engel.
Evidence-based policing
It remains unclear which law-enforcement practices are actually best, largely because of a lack of data and science. "We're operating in the dark about what are the most effective strategies, tactics and policies to move forward with," Engel says.
Political leaders and activists pushing for change in the United States have widely endorsed body-worn cameras, de-escalation training, implicit-bias training, early intervention systems, the banning of chokeholds, and civilian oversight since the tragedies of 2014. A survey of 47 of the largest US law-enforcement agencies between 2015 and 2017 found that 39% changed their use-of-force policies in 2015–16 and revised their training to incorporate tactics such as de-escalation. Among the agencies surveyed, officer-involved shootings dropped by 21% during the study period 11 .
"But as we have seen in the last several weeks — from Minneapolis and from the police response to the protests — there's a great deal that still has to change in policing," says Laurie Robinson, a criminologist at George Mason University in Fairfax, Virginia.
Researchers are advocating collection of better data, such as tracking situations in which force was avoided by de-escalation strategies or, when force was used, recording whether it was at a lower level than it might previously have been.
Bias detectives: the researchers striving to make algorithms fair
The Oklahoma City Police Department is among agencies working to fill that void. It now collects details on the applicability of each specific de-escalation tactic and technique any time force is used. "Since the implementation of our de-escalation policy, our use-of-force numbers have decreased," states Megan Morgan, a police sergeant and spokesperson for the department.
The collection of data might itself hold police officers more accountable. In one study, a requirement that officers file a report when they point their guns at people but do not fire was associated with significantly reduced rates of gun death 12 .
The use of body-worn cameras could be among the easiest interventions to enhance accountability. The technology gained traction after a randomized experiment published in 2014 compared shifts in which all officers wore cameras all the time with shifts in which they never did 13 . The likelihood of force being used by officers with cameras was roughly half that of officers without cameras. Furthermore, camera-wearing officers received about one-tenth the number of complaints as did officers without cameras.
Results of more-recent studies have been mixed. When the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department in Nevada implemented body cameras, it experienced significant drops in both the rate of complaints and the use of force 14 . But when the Metropolitan Police Department of the District of Columbia did the same, it found no benefits (see go.nature.com/3heuxac ). The differences might have more to do with policies that allow officers to choose when to turn on their cameras, as well as a lack of controls for situations in which one officer shows up wearing a camera while another does not, notes Sherman. The latter could dilute true differences in the rates of complaints or uses of force.
"It would be a travesty if we got rid of body cams," says Sherman. "They very often help to clarify what happened."
Evidence suggests that encouraging officers to listen to citizens' views before making decisions and to generally demonstrate an interest in working with members of a community can be another effective intervention. A one-day training programme based on these principles of procedural justice — a model of policing that focuses on respect, neutrality and transparency — was shown to reduce both citizen complaints and use of force by officers in the Chicago Police Department 15 .
"If police are to be of service to communities, they need to build trust with communities that are likely to distrust them," says Thomas O'Brien, a researcher at the Social Action Lab at the University of Illinois in Urbana–Champaign. His work suggests that such trust-building requires the police to both acknowledge its role in creating the distrust, as well as apologize for it 16 . Any half-hearted attempts at reconciliation could backfire, he says. Special training can be difficult, however, particularly in smaller jurisdictions, which have been shown to have a higher rate of police shooting civilians 17 (see 'Small-town problems').
In the wake of Floyd's death, many calls for change have gone beyond police reform to defunding police departments — reducing their public funding and reallocating resources to other programmes — or dismantling them altogether. Some researchers caution against fully abolishing police departments. That could have "disastrous consequences", says Engel. "It's better to work within and demand significant and meaningful change, and then hold them accountable for that change."
Grieving and frustrated: Black scientists call out racism in the wake of police killings
However, Engel does support proposals that would begin "carving off pieces" of law-enforcement agencies' current responsibilities that might fall outside their expertise — or might not require an armed response — such as issues of homelessness, drug abuse and mental illness. In New York City, the police purview goes as far as to include enforcement of street-vendor licences. Across the United States, an arrest is made every 3 seconds; less than 5% of these are for serious violent crimes, according to the Vera Institute of Justice in Brooklyn, New York (see go.nature.com/3fbwmcn ) .
Curtailing police encounters could also result in fewer crimes. Research published last year found that Black and Latino boys who are stopped more often by police are more likely to commit crimes months later 18 .
Stoughton also emphasizes the role of racial bias in society, as evidenced in the months leading up to Floyd's murder by the fatal shooting of a 25-year-old Black man, Ahmaud Arbery, by two white men while he was jogging in Georgia, and by a white woman's 911 call to falsely report being threatened by a Black birdwatcher in New York City's Central Park. "I have become convinced that we do not have a race problem in policing," says Stoughton. "Rather, we have a race problem in society that is reflected in policing."
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Citizens of Somewhere:Examining the geography of foreign and native-born academics' engagement with external actors
Lawson, C., Salter, A., Hughes, A. & Kitson, M., 1 Apr 2019, In : Research Policy. 48, 3, p. 759-774 16 p.
DUAL NETWORKING: HOW COLLABORATORS NETWORK IN THEIR QUEST FOR INNOVATION
Ter Wal, A. L. J., Criscuolo, P., McEvily, B. & Salter, A., 21 Oct 2019, (Accepted/In press) In : Administrative Science Quarterly.
Foreign-born academics boost impact at home and abroad
Lawson, C., Salter, A., Hughes, A. & Kitson, M., 12 Feb 2019, Research Fortnight.
Lifting the veil: Using a quasi-replication approach to assess sample selection bias in patent-based studies
Criscuolo, P., Alexy, O., Dmitry, S. & Salter, A., 1 Feb 2019, In : Strategic Management Journal. 40, 2, p. 230-252 23 p.
The Impact of Journal Re-grading on Perception of Ranking Systems: Exploring the Case of the Academic Journal Guide and Business and Management Scholars in the UK
Walker, J., Salter, A., Fontinha, R. & Salandra, R., 31 Jul 2019, In : Research Evaluation. 28, 3, p. 218-231
What influences business academics' use of the Association of Business Schools' (ABS) list? Evidence from a survey of UK academics
Walker, J., Fenton, E., Salter, A. & Salandra, R., 1 Jul 2019, In : British Journal of Management. 30, 3, p. 730-747 18 p.
Winning combinations: search strategies and innovativeness in the UK
Criscuolo, P., Laursen, K., Reichstein, T. & Salter, A., 2018, In : Industry and Innovation. 25, 2, p. 115-143 29 p.
Search strategy
Product and process innovation
Evaluating novelty: the role of panels in the selection of R&D projects
Criscuolo, P., Dahlander, L., Grohsjean, T. & Salter, A., 1 Apr 2017, In : Academy of Management Journal. 60, 2, p. 433-460 28 p.
Exploring preferences for impact versus publications among UK business and management academics
Salter, A., Salandra, R. & Walker, J., 1 Dec 2017, In : Research Policy. 46, 10, p. 1769-1782 14 p.
Making a marriage of materials: The role of gatekeepers and shepherds in the absorption of external knowledge and innovation performance
Ter Wal, A. L. J., Criscuolo, P. & Salter, A., 30 Jun 2017, In : Research Policy. 46, 5, p. 1039-1054 16 p.
Innovation performance
The Biases That Keep Good R&D Projects from Getting Funded
Criscuolo, P., Dahlander, L., Grohsjean, T. & Salter, A., 17 Mar 2017, In : Harvard Business Review.
Evolutionary analysis of innovation and entrepreneurship: Sidney G winter, receipient of the 2015 Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research
Salter, A. J. & McKelvey, M., Jun 2016, In : Small Business Economics. 46, 3, p. 1-14
Going off-piste: The role of status in launching unsponsored R&D projects
Alexy, O., Criscuolo, P., Salter, A. & Sharapov, D., 2016, 76th Annual Meeting of the Academy of Management, AOM 2016. Academy of Management, p. 1006-1011 6 p.
Knowledge Exchange in UK Universities: Results from a Panel of Academics 2005-2015
Lawson, C., Hughes, A., Salter, A., Kitson, M., Bullock, A. & Hughes, R., 2016, London, U. K.: NCUB.
The Changing State of Knowledge Exchange: UK Academic Interactions with External Organizations 2005-2015
Hughes, A., Lawson, C., Salter, A., Kitson, M., Bullock, A. & Hughes, R., 2016, NCUB.
The impact of financial slack on explorative and exploitative knowledge sourcing from universities: evidence from the UK
Bruneel, J., D'Este, P. & Salter, A., Aug 2016, In : Industrial and Corporate Change. 25, 4, p. 689-706 18 p.
Financial slack
Knowledge sourcing
University-industry collaboration
Geographical proximity
Toward an aspirational-level theory of open innovation
Alexy, O., Bascavusoglu-Moreau, E. & Salter, A. J., 2 Apr 2016, In : Industrial and Corporate Change. 25, 2, p. 289-306 18 p.
Behavioral theory of the firm
Accounting for Impact at Imperial College London: A report on the activities and outputs by Imperial academics relevant for economic and social impact
Perkmann, M., Fini, R., Jan, R., Salter, A., Cleo, S. & Tartari, V., Mar 2015, Imperial College London.
Accounting for universities¹ impact: using augmented data to measure academic engagement and commercialization by academic scientists
Perkmann, M., Fini, R., Jan, R., Salter, A., Cleo, S. & Tartari, V., Oct 2015, In : Research Evaluation. 24, 4, p. 380-391 12 p.
management counsulting
GSK: Planting a CEEDD for the future
Oliver, A., Criscuolo, P. & Salter, A., 2015, Managing Inter-Organisational Relations: Debates and Cases. J, S., E, S. & G, M-S. (eds.). London: Palgrave Macmillan
Initial findings from the survey of UK business academics 2015
Walker, J. T., Salter, A. & Salandra, R., Sep 2015
Open for ideation: Individual‐Level Openness and Idea Generation in R&D
Salter, A., Ter Wal, A. L. J., Criscuolo, P. & Alexy, O., 1 Jul 2015, In : Journal of Product Innovation Management. 32, 4, p. 488–504 17 p.
The engagement gap: exploring gender differences in university-industry collaboration activities
Tartari, V. & Salter, A., 1 Jul 2015, In : Research Policy. 44, 6, p. 1176-1191 16 p.
The fateful triangle: complementarities in performance between product, process and organizational innovation in France and the UK
Ballot, G., Fakhfakh, F., Galia, F. & Salter, A., Feb 2015, In : Research Policy. 44, 1, p. 217-232 16 p.
Coping with open innovation: responding to the challenges of external engagement in R&D
Salter, A., Criscuolo, P. & Ter Wal, A. L. J., 1 Dec 2014, In : California Management Review. 56, 2, p. 77-94 18 p.
Managerial practices
Organizational practices
Going underground: Bootlegging and individual innovative performance
Criscuolo, P., Salter, A. & Ter Wal, A. L. J., Oct 2014, In : Organization Science. 25, 5, p. 1287-1305 19 p.
Innovative performance
Tartan, V., Perkmann, M. & Salter, A., 1 Sep 2014, In : Research Policy. 43, 7, p. 1189-1203 15 p.
Social comparison
Innovation in services: an overview
Salter, A. & Tether, B. S., 2014, Managing Services: Challenges and Innovations. Haynes, K. & Grugulis, I. (eds.). Oxford, U. K.: Oxford University Press, p. 134-154
Open innovation: The next decade
West, J., Salter, A., Vanhaverbeke, W. & Chesbrough, H., 1 Jun 2014, In : Research Policy. 43, 5, p. 805-811 7 p.
Appropriability
The paradox of openness: appropriability, external search and collaboration
Laursen, K. & Salter, A. J., 1 Jun 2014, In : Research Policy. 43, 5, p. 867-878 12 p.
The two-pipe problem: analysing and theorizing about 2-mode networks
Vernet, A., Kilduff, M. & Salter, A., 1 Jan 2014, Contemporary Perspectives on Organizational Social Networks. Lounsbury, M. (ed.). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd., p. 337-354 18 p. (Research in the Sociology of Organizations; vol. 40).
Cui bono? The selective revealing of knowledge and its implications for innovative activity
Alexy, O., George, G. & Salter, A. J., 1 Apr 2013, In : Academy of Management Review. 38, 2, p. 270-291
Innovative activity
The nature of innovation
Salter, A. & Alexy, O., 2013, Oxford Handbook of Innovation Management. Dodgson, M., Phillips, N. & Gann, D. (eds.). Oxford, U. K: Oxford University Press, p. 26-52 (Oxford Handbooks in Business and Management).
Crossing the rubicon: exploring the factors that shape academics' perceptions of the barriers to working with industry
Tartari, V., Salter, A. & D'Este, P., Apr 2012, In : Cambridge Journal of Economics. 36, 3, p. 655-677 23 p.
How to create productive partnerships with universities
Perkmann, M. & Salter, A., 1 Jun 2012, In : MIT Sloan Management Review. 53, 4, p. 79-88 10 p.


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Christmas trees serve a purpose after the holiday
By Greg Liggins
An afterlife for Christmas trees
There are many ways Christmas trees can serve a purpose after the holiday
OAKLAND, Calif. - It turns out most Christmas trees have an afterlife. Most of the trees people buy for their homes are recycled, then turned into mulch.
The iconic Christmas tree does more than just help bring beauty and spirit to the holiday, it also does some good once it's primary task is complete.
Many unsold trees are also put to use, but how can vary depending on where you live.
"For example, in coastal areas, there are two very interesting ways they get used. One is, where there are dunes, where the wind blows the sand and the landscape shifts, the trees are actually placed in areas to stop the wind erosion and water erosion," said Tim O'Connor with National Christmas Tree Association.
Another purpose - some trees are put into lakes to create protective habitat for fish.
Even the giant tree at New York's Rockefeller Center has had a productive second-life over the years.
"Forexample, the Rockefeller tree I know is cut into lumber. It's a very large tree, and that lumber is then used by Habitat for Humanity to build homes," said O'Connor.
In the East Bay, many unsold trees end up at the Oakland Zoo. It doesn't accept trees from individuals, but partners with retailers and received a donation of 200 unsold trees on Tuesday.
They're given to animals, big and small, for play, as a meal, or both. The biggest consumer, literally, the elephant, getting two trees a day.
"So, for our elephants for example, they will eat part of the tree and then they'll just play with it and rip it apart," said Ann Marie Bisango, Zoological Manager at Oakland Zoo.
Nearly every real tree is re-purposed in some natural way, which is why the National Christmas Tree Association says the real deal is superior to the alternative.
"There's only one thing you can do with that PVC plastic tree and that's put it in a landfill and it's going to sit there for a thousand years because it does not decompose," said O'Connor.
The numbers aren't in yet for 2019, but in terms of which is more popular, real or fake trees. Last year Americans bought 32.8 million real trees, compared to 23.6 million fake ones.


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