In this episode of "CRMcNeill Fixes The EU", I'm taking on the HWK-290, aka the "Moldy Crow" from Dark Forces 2. It was brought up in this topic, where it highlighted the major inconsistencies between the ship as seen in the game and the "official" stats. What I've posted here is, IMO, more in line with the small combat vessel seen in the Dark Forces 2 cut-scenes, rather than the massive space transport envisioned by official sources. IMO, this ship makes an excellent alternative as a starting ship for a Brash Pilot character, rather than one of the more common (and cramped) starfighter types.
Capacity: 6 rounds. May select Torpedoes, Space Bombs or Decoys & Probes from this list, depending on Availability.
Special: The HWK-290's design blocks the pilot's view in the Front Fire Arc. This is compensated for by an in-cockpit hologram display or an after-market pair of holoscope goggles to allow normal operation. However, if the ship's sensors are disabled (or if the pilot isn't wearing the holo-scope goggles), all Piloting Difficulties increase by +10.
Capsule: The CEC HWK-290 is an older model scout / courier that is still in common use throughout the galaxy. While it is not up to the standards of modern starfighters, it is well-armed, with enough speed and maneuverability to hold its own in the hands of a skilled pilot. It is designed to operate with two crew; one piloting while the other sleeps. To accomodate the crew for long trips, the HWK-290 is equipped with cramped accomodations in the nose, forward of the cockpit, complete with a small galley, a double bunk and a fresher stall.
The positioning of the crew quarters is one of the main weaknesses of the design, as it blocks the pilot's line of sight in the front arc. CEC compensated for this by installing an in-cockpit view-screen and holoprojector that serves as a forward display, but many pilots have chosen to upgrade their ships with a set of holo-scope goggles worn by the pilot. Whichever system is used, it is essential to safe operation of the ship, and several HWK-290's have been lost due to crashes caused when the sensors were off-line, as the pilot couldn't see an obstacle directly in front of his ship.
The HWK-290's cargo capacity is almost non-existent compared to other space transports, which limits it to the transportation of high-value cargo or priority message traffic. While it has been replaced in front-line military units, it is still found in service with regional governments and the Alliance.
Tangentially relevant: This ship was also featured in the original Dark Forces however I'm not sure it was then identified as The Moldy Crow.
Where's the access to the hyperspace storage for the 150 tonnes they can store?
It looks like it could barely fit 150 KG of cargo.. let alone 150 tons.
Exactly. As near as I can figure, Kyle's ship from Dark Forces 1 & 2 was supposed to be a Baudo-Class Staryacht, so the official information was more in line with that of a space transport than an almost-fighter. During game production, however, the ship morphed from a Baudo into what we now know as the Moldy Crow. Unfortunately, someone somewhere didn't get the memo, and stuck with the idea of the Moldy Crow still having capacity for 150 metric tons cargo, 6 months consumables and 6 passengers.
And the EU being the EU, it was accepted as fact by the Wookieepidiots.
This stat is an attempt to correct that.
Glad you like, and feel free to use as you see fit; that's what all my stats are posted here for. It's been a while since I've played a Brash Pilot, but I may stat one up and give him a HWK-290, then keep him on deck for later plays. I've looked at the Raven's Claw, but nothing about it has really piqued my interest yet. I prefer to game in the Classic or Early Republic Era, and the Claw is a little new and spiffy to fit in.
If it were 150 kg then I'd point to the the lockers under the bunks. For the 1mt CRMcNeill has in his stats I'd guess the cargo area is in the very rear of the craft between the tails on the bottom. I figure a cargo platform lowers to the ground for loading/unloading.
If it's not there CRMcNeill will have to tell us where it's at.
Even with all the events in Dark Forces 1&2, my gripe would be with the proton torpedo launcher. On a scout/courier, I would instead have two concussion missile launchers with 2 missiles each (stock) with room for 2 more in each launcher for a total of 8 possible missiles. This is because this ship's main worry in 90% of combat situations is hostile fighters, thus it would need to defend against them a lot more often. Proton torpedoes are slower than some of the fighters out there.
If this ship was instead a gunboat-type ship of this size, I could imagine a laser turret addition, proton torpedo launchers and/or an ion cannon, but it's a scout/courier, which can be relied upon to punch through blockades, not take down a Dreadnought.
Of course there can be other configurations, but that's what I imagine the stock HWK-290 would look like.
EDIT: I would also place the concussion missile launchers with one in the front fire arc, and one in the read. Since this ship is slower than a fighter, being able to hit someone who is on your tail is important. You can also use tricks like Luke did in the original Thrawn trilogy to get a tractor beam launcher to lock onto a torpedo or missile, thereby destroying the tractor beam emplacement. Being able to shoot from the rear makes this maneuver easier.
I always liked the Crinya Light Freighter. Sort of a scaled down version of the big bulk transports leaving Hoth in ESB.
I think you wanted this other thread.
I've got a lot of irons in the fire when it comes to SWD6 projects, but the goal I'm pursuing is a unified and integrated space combat system, with stats that match the WEG write-ups, uniform weapon stats and combat rules that draw from aspects of the video games (specifically X-Wing / TIE simulators) to make combat more exciting.
Short version, under the rules I've written, concussion missiles are lighter missiles that are particularly good in a dogfight, while proton torpedoes hit harder and have greater overall range. The other major difference is that proton torpedo launchers can carry and launch a greater variety of ordnance, including non-weapon projectiles such as decoys and sensor probes, which add greater versatility to a scout or courier. The fact that the cut-away from above included a proton torpedo in the picture just made it easier to justify including it.
The reason I gave it twin heavy laser cannon was that, in its first scene in Dark Forces 2, the Moldy Crow takes out a TIE Bomber. With a 4D+1 Hull, the Bomber is one of the toughest TIEs in the WEG material, so the HWK-290 needs a weapon that can take it out. So, heavy laser cannon.
EDIT: I would also place the concussion missile launchers with one in the front fire arc, and one in the rear. Since this ship is slower than a fighter, being able to hit someone who is on your tail is important. You can also use tricks like Luke did in the original Thrawn trilogy to get a tractor beam launcher to lock onto a torpedo or missile, thereby destroying the tractor beam emplacement. Being able to shoot from the rear makes this maneuver easier.
I considered it, and actually included just that when I re-statted the Sleuth-Class Scout, giving it the capability of deploying sensor buoys and space mines as well, but ultimately decided to leave it out of this ship to better represent an older, less capable platform. It still has ordnance delivery capability, but less versatile than other ships, thus part of why it is no longer in front-line service.
And remember, Luke's trick with the proton torpedo was done with the front-firing proton torpedo launchers on his X-Wing. The rear-firing proton torpedo launcher was mounted on the covert shroud freighter he used in The Last Command .
I actually picture it in the aft compartment, next to the stairs, behind the pilot's seat. I picture it mostly as an open space where cargo boxes can be stacked and secured with safety nets.


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The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) posts notes regarding all the Books of the Bible. In its introduction to Paul's Letter to the Romans (our Second Reading), the USCCB says, "Of all the letters of Paul, that to the Christians at Rome has long held pride of place. It is the longest and most systematic unfolding of the apostle's thought, expounding the gospel of God's righteousness that saves all who believe; it reflects a universal outlook."
Jesus Be More in Our Hearts
Lent is a special time of conversion and an opportunity to be open to God's love and to His grace so that He can transform our lives more towards Him.
In all our communities around the world, our community prays the Rosary of Via Crucis as a special way for us to accompany Jesus during this time of Lent and to learn the path of love that he has drawn for us.
Young Killers
After yet another mass murder, we find ourselves grappling to find answers to why this happens and how to prevent it. So far, we have employed a strategy that insulates us from the effects of a would be terrorist, assassin or mass murderer. After 9/11 we came up with the TSA to screen out the less than one percent of travelers bent on using a plane as a weapon. In our schools we have trained staff and students in disaster drills and now how to respond to an active shooter situation. We have also mandated seat belts and airbags in vehicles to protect against among other dangers, drunk drivers. But none of these strategies, while they may reduce harm, get to the heart of the problem.
It seems fitting that our readings on this First Sunday of Lent begin with the Old Testament Book of Genesis. The book was first called "Genesis" — ΓΕΝΕΣΙΣ — in the Greek Septuagint translation, as it presents both the origin of the world and mankind, and in particular, the Hebrew people. The book in Hebrew was known by its opening expression, "In the beginning."
The Lord, the Source of Our Vocation
As a community, almost every year we have our spiritual exercises where we recharge our strength in the Lord and in His love. Sometimes we do it on our own but the majority of the time we participate as a group.
This year, 70 sisters, in all, from different countries had the opportunity for this beautiful encounter with the Lord. This was a very enriching experience for both Sr. Veronica and Sr. Stephanie, who had the opportunity to attend.
Colluding with Dictators?
Our beleaguered leader is really taking it on the chin these days. His election was a surprise to many, and many long for the days of his predecessor. The bureaucracy actively works against him and seems to dog him at every step. He is accused of colluding with the worst kind of dictator and even compromising with a foreign power. In fact, he has been accused of being a dictator himself. Grant it, some of the things he says leave people scratching their heads and his administration running to explain what he said. Every major news outlet from the New York Times to the Wall Street Journal has recently editorialized against him and questioned his decisions. Does he deserve to be judged so harshly? I think not, which puts me in the minority position.
Unshocked
The great question to us is whether we are still capable of being truly shocked or whether it is to remain so that we see thousands of things and know that they should not be, and must not be, and that we get hardened to them. How many things have we become used to in the course of the years, of the weeks and months, so that we stand unshocked, unstirred, inwardly unmoved.
Often one of our human weaknesses has to do with us believing or thinking we know better than God in relation to what we do and what we do in relation to others. Of course, part of that has to do with our failure to pray and consult the Lord, or even more to make no effort to understand what God may be telling us.
Pope Francis in Peru
When Pope Francis, traveled to Peru in early January, I, Sr. Maria Cristina, had the opportunity to go for two weeks to a conference for priests and religious sisters in my hometown.
The fact that today's Gospel from Mark makes reference to Jesus curing Peter's mother-in-law would seem to point to the fact that Peter was married. However, the majority of scholars are of the opinion that the wife may have died before Peter was called by Jesus as an Apostle. In fact, there are many misconceptions about St. Peter. For one, although often portrayed as much older, he was probably younger than Jesus. In fact, all 12 Apostles were most likely younger than Jesus.
Look at This!
As many of you already know, Sr. Maria Gracia and Sr. Alejandra returned to Lima-Peru in order to complete their formation time. They returned with many good experiences and are so thankful for the warm reception and hospitality they received while they were here with us...Thank you all so much for that!!
Texting Too Much?
You are probably familiar with the infamous text messages of the two FBI employees that were found, lost, and found again. Reportedly, there were 50,000 messages between November and June. Wow, that's a lot of texting even for two people having an intramural extra-marital affair. That works out to about 25,000 texts sent and 25,000 responses. That would be, without counting sleep hours, one text and response about every eight or nine minutes, every day for five months.
Well, lo and behold, you do learn something new under the sun. The President, apparently, now and then talks like a real estate developer on a construction site in Queens or Brooklyn. Who would have ever guessed? According to some, though he denies saying it, the President referred to some countries as feces pits. Unfortunate choice of words. Lots of outrage ensued. But if you flip it around and it is not the case that some countries are in bad shape, then it should be no problem to have people return to those countries who are here on a temporary visa status. Right? After all, we would be sending them back to economically vibrant, flourishing democracies, or would we?
"Come after me..."
"Come after me, and I will make you fishers of men." With these words, Jesus invites Simon (Peter) and his brother Andrew to follow Him and be His disciples. We often speak of the subtleties of translation. In the original Greek in which St. Mark wrote his Gospel, a better translation would be, "Come after me, and I will make you become fishers of men." It is the beginning of a process.
Catechism at 25
This past October was the 25th Anniversary of the publication of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, commissioned by Pope St. John Paul II and the Bishops at the 1985 Synod. At the time, few people thought they would live to see its completion, but on October 11, 1992, it was officially promulgated by Pope John Paul II.
It's Been a Blessing
Sister Alejandra and I are so grateful to God and to all of you for the time we have spent here in Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
This has been our home for the last couple of months, and I feel blessed for being able to meet each and every one of you. You have taught me so much through your kind smiles, your generosity and your loving efforts and commitment to the Lord at this parish. I thank Him for putting you in my life, and I will always carry you in my heart and cherish every experience together.
Thank You for Everything!
Sister Maria Gracia and I are leaving very early on the 19th. It's true that the time goes fast! It seems like only yesterday we had our first look of the parish.
Seeing how much people need God has given me new strength to cooperate with God in everything. He wants to teach me during the last months of my formation time, (which I will be going through now that I am going back to Peru). The time here has been amazing. I am amazed at how good people are here, really I'm like: Oh, all you parishioners are so kind, generous, joyful and you have taught me so much with your edifying example.
Speak, for your servant is listening." With those few words, Samuel humbles himself and declares his loyalty and obedience to God. There are perhaps for many of us challenges in those words. Initially, Samuel responds "Here I am," but thinks it was Eli who called him. The idea of being a servant and the willingness to serve are what may be trials for us in terms of how we live.
We Shall Not Rest
One of the arguments that's made in favor of abolishing the use of capital punishment in the US is that we as a country are not in sync with international norms. The larger international consensus has rejected the use of execution which means the US is in company with those countries that still use it: China, Iran, Singapore, North Korea, Saudi Arabia and a few other despotic regimes.
p>Today is the Solemnity of the Epiphany of the Lord. For centuries we as Catholics celebrated this Feast on Jan. 6, but the decision was made a number of years ago (at least in the United States) to celebrate the Epiphany on the Sunday which falls between Jan 2 and Jan 8.
Art, a Way to Express God's Beauty
Our community likes music and we also love to act and to create small plays... Especially during our formation time. Our sisters perform different plays so that we can express the important experiences that we are going through. This year the sisters put on a play of the shepherd's experience when Jesus was born. The happiness and hope that they experienced that day. This play was a musical interpreted by several sisters from the formation house, some of them in charge of acting, others backstage working on the costumes and the set up of the scenery, while others were performing with different instruments.
Art is a way of expressing God's Beauty. He gives us different gifts and talents that are meant to be shared with others. We encourage you to think today: What is my talent? What gift has God given me?
School Choice?
It looks like we really are living just this side of the gates of hell: "Army and Homeland Security prepping teachers for the gunman at the door", so reads a recent headline. Apparently, the US Army and the Department of Homeland Security have created a computer based simulator that trains teachers on how to best react in an active-shooter situation. Many will respond: good we need to do all we can to keep our children and our schools safe. Pretty much the same as when airport security and the TSA were implemented. It's just a way of life now. But does it have to be this way?

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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// Copyright 2022 Google LLC
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
// http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

/**
 * PartnerSettingStatus.java
 *
 * This file was auto-generated from WSDL
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package com.google.api.ads.admanager.axis.v202202;

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text:
Rise in emergency calls takes toll on Tshwane ambulances
By alex patrick - 04 April 2019 - 07:23
The Gauteng department of health has blamed the deterioration of Tshwane's emergency vehicles on a spike in call-outs in recent months.
Image: Gallo Images/iStockphoto
The Gauteng department of health has blamed the recent deterioration of emergency vehicles in Tshwane on a spike in call-outs over the last six months.
This was disclosed by Gauteng health MEC Gwen Ramokgopa in a written reply to questions by the DA's Jack Bloom in the provincial legislature last month.
Bloom asked several questions relating to the Tshwane emergency medical services (EMS) fleet. He raised concerns about a fleet of scrapped EMS vehicles and wanted to know what the department intended to do with them.
Nurse drives through night so patient can get lifesaving kidney
When nursing sister Salome Siebritz learned that one of her patients had the chance of a lifesaving op, she knew what she had to do.
According to Ramokgoba, an increase in call-outs over the last six months has resulted in additional demand in Soshanguve and the rest of the City of Tshwane.
According to data available on the District Health Information System (DHIS), the following number of EMS calls (including inter-hospital facility transfers) were recorded from January to December 2018, indicating a significant rise over the second half of the year:
January: 2,777
February: 2,835
March: 2,844
April: 2,779
May: 2,616
June: 2,690
July: 3,269
August: 3,105
September: 3,529
October: 3,382
November: 3,209
December: 3,113
Ramokgopa denied that fewer ambulances serviced the area than in 2017. According to her written response, there were 10 ambulances servicing the area in 2017, while in 2018 the area had 11 operational ambulances, one rescue vehicle and one planned patient transporter covering three EMS stations: Soshanguve Block JJ, Odi Hospital and the Dr George Mukhari EMS satelite station.
She added that the operational staff in the area had increased from 77 in 2017 to 106 in 2018.
Ramokgopa did however admit to a shortage of vehicles. "Gauteng EMS has a shortage of ambulances when one considers the population size of over 14m against a ratio of 1:10,000.
Unemployed nurse treats pedestrian with pharmacy emergency kit
Driving home after a hectic gym session Bongani Khunjwa, a professional nurse, saw a man bleeding on the side of the road after having been hit by a ...
She explained that according to policy, all EMS vehicles with mileages of 200,000km and above must be replaced. "Every vehicle is assessed on its condition and cost of refurbishment within the context of the policy," she said.
Records show that most damaged EMS vehicles were refurbished rather than scrapped.
Fifteen ambulances were written off in 2015, 55 in 2016 and 25 in 2017. The number for 2018 is still to be determined.
In the financial years from 2016 to 2018, 222 ambulances were refurbished for service at a cost of R22m - an average of about R100,000 each.
According to Ramokgopa, a new ambulance costs R810,000.
She said 74 EMS vehicles were stored at the Bronkhorstpruit ambulance station, opposite Bronkhorstpruit Hospital, to be disposed of. "An auction system is one of the ways to dispose [of] the vehicles. Revenue collected will go to the National Treasury pool."
Bloom also inquired about ambulances allegedly stored on the corner of the M10 and the R573 Moloto Road.
But Ramokgopa said she needed more information because she couldn't locate the said fleet. "An attempt was made to locate the said address provided, but it could not be found on three occasions by assigned officials. More information is needed," she said.
Gauteng health department avoids 'adverse' report but must fix problems - SAHRC
Health MEC condemns fatal shooting of nurse in KZN
Load-shedding gambling with lives
Looking good also makes you feel good
THABISO MAHLAPE | Hollywood love does women mammoth disservice


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Defend your friend
Available when it's ready
Defend your friend (DYF) is a 2D side (& up and down) - scrolling co-operative puzzle game where the players have to protect each other using their individual abilities. One player has a shield to block projectiles and reflect beams, while the other has a beam they can use to push away objects and activate mechanisms. Both players need to actively watch each other's backs to make it through the multiple puzzles and traps, encountered inside the ancient temple they found themselves trapped in.
A truly co-operative puzzle game
Both players are not just important, but vital - each with a unique role to fulfill. Through working together, combining their abilities and having each other's back players make their way through carefully crafted puzzles inside an imposing ancient temple.
Accessible for new players
Do you want to play a game with your friend, mom, dad or other relative - but you just cant find a game to easily play together?
Defend Your Friend is made so that it is easy to pick up for anyone new to games, with simple controls and well introduced mechanics. So if you want to introduce somebody to gaming, we've got you covered!
A game that makes sense
Heavily inspired by Portal 2 and Trine, the puzzles in DYF follow a certain logic, that reveals itself through playing the game. The game ensures players have enough resources to figure out this logic by themselves, discovering the rules of the world without lengthy tutorials.
- Something you can use to introduce a non-experienced friend or family member to gaming
- Local co-op to experience working together and high-fiving intensely
- Online co-op to ensure you can play with friends you can't always meet with
- Full controller support
- Challenging and interesting puzzles to solve
- A high concentration of lasers
- A strange and beautiful temple to explore
- The ability to defend your friend!
Follow us on Facebook.com/defendyourfriend
for updates on the game!
© Frenemies 2017, all rights reserved


Bruce Lipshutz is flanked by visiting researchers Sachin Handa and Ye Wang.
While the researchers' green chemistry approach eliminated heat input and the need for organic solvents as a reaction medium, the reaction still required an expensive amount of the precious metal catalyst palladium. Unfortunately, palladium is one of several metallic elements considered endangered. Though the Earth contains ample amounts, it is economically feasible to mine only the limited amount that exists close to the surface.
According to Lipshutz, palladium is only one key ingredient — albeit an important one — in producing a far greener Suzuki reaction that is applicable to real-world uses. Lead author Sachin Handa and co-author Ye Wang, both visiting researchers at UCSB, tested numerous reaction variables and found that a particular combination is necessary to produce an ecofriendly reaction.
Fabrice Gallou of Novartis Pharma in Basel, Switzerland was the fourth co-author of the paper. This research was supported by a grant from Novartis. Parts of this work were carried out in the Characterization Facility at the University of Minnesota, which receives partial support from the National Science Foundation (NSF) through the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) program. This work also made use of UCSB's Materials Research Laboratory Central Facilities, also supported by the NSF's MRSEC program.


My name is Candy Lara and I am a sophomore at Lakewood High School and a youth leader with Californians for Justice. A few weeks ago, I had the privilege of attending Free Our Dreams, a state wide event with the goal of gathering youth across California for a weekend to prepare them for meetings with legislators to speak about bills that can harm or help their community and schools. Over the weekend we meet many other youth, participated in workshops to inform us about what to do and what not to do during a meeting with state leaders, learned about others that have fought for their rights, and finally worked to strengthen our own personal stories so we can make an impact when we share them with leaders.
Speaking in front of 200 people seemed like a task I would never accomplish, much less volunteer to do. I am barely capable of speaking in front of a class, but when the opportunity came up to co-emcee at Free Our Dreams I took the chance and was very excited. This year was my first time attending Free Our Dreams and I had such a big role assigned, especially when it came to introducing state Senator Holly J. Mitchell. Nevertheless, I felt very capable of doing great things. Usually when I speak in front of people I get really nervous but this time I wasn't nervous at all which frightened me a little but that's the confidence I gained over the weekend after the energy gave me courage for the legislative visits.
During the meetings with elected officials, I was very nervous but I was also hopeful that my story would persuade them to vote for protecting immigrant students and keeping I.C.E. off of school campuses or at least see the implications of bills such as AB 699, the Educational Equity and Protection for Immigrant Students bill. The first visit with Assemblymember Ed Chau went very well. He liked our personal stories, said he would stand with us on SB 607 (Ending Suspensions for Willful Defiance), and told us to keep up the good work we were doing.
Candy Lara and students with Assemblymember Ed Chau.
The second legislative with Assemblymember Travis Allen's staff scared me the most but also gave me a shining moment of pride. As we walked into the the office and sat down I noticed a lot of support for Trump depicted on products such as a mug and a bottle of liquor. This frightened me because I was speaking on immigration and the ties it has to my family, which I was going to uncover through the words: "I am the daughter of an immigrant." When my turn came to share my story my heart started beating faster but when I said that sentence I said it loud and clear, albeit I might have stuttered when I tried to say it the first time. In that moment I wanted to yell those words over and over again. I am proud of where I come from and I was not going to allow myself to be scared away from sharing my story by someone who has different views than I do.
Candy Lara (far left) and her Posse posing for a photo.


text:
Peter Schreiber
Managing Attorney, Esri
Peter C. Schreiber is the Managing Attorney for the Contracts and Legal Department of Esri. His legal career at Esri has spanned 30 years. Schreiber is a member of the State Bar of California and the American Bar Association, and he is a member of the Intellectual Property Law section of each organization. His practice areas include intellectual property, licensing, data rights, mergers and acquisitions (M&A), and related transactional business matters.
He received his Juris Doctor degree from the McGeorge School of Law at the University of the Pacific in Sacramento, California, as well as a bachelor of science degree with an emphasis in marketing management from the Walter A. Haas School of Business Administration, University of California, Berkeley.
Prior to entering law school, Schreiber had a successful six-year career in marketing and sales in the computer industry dating back to the introduction of the personal computer. During this time, Schreiber was an adjunct professor at the University of California, Riverside, Extension for six years. He developed and taught a class, entitled Geospatial Law and Public Policy, that explored GIS and other high-technology-related legal issues.
He has also given lectures and seminars at Yale University and the University of Redlands. He has been a presenter at Esri user and partner conferences, in-house training sessions, and other industry events.
Attend the next event
Plan ahead by getting an email notification when registration opens
Esri Health and Human Services GIS Conference
Redlands, California
2021 Proceedings
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The United Kingdom is home to a widespread and diverse co-operative movement, with over 7,000 registered co-operatives owned by 17 million individual members and which contribute £34bn a year to the British economy. Modern co-operation started with the Rochdale Pioneers' shop in the northern English town of Rochdale in 1844, though the history of co-operation in Britain can be traced back to before 1800. The British co-operative movement is most commonly associated with The Co-operative brand (best known for its supermarket and Funeralcare brands) which has been adopted by several large consumers' co-operative societies; however, there are many thousands of registered co-operative businesses operating in the UK. Alongside these consumers' co-operatives, there exist many prominent agricultural co-operatives (621), co-operative housing providers (619), health and social care cooperatives (111), cooperative schools (834), retail co-operatives, co-operatively run community energy projects, football supporters' trusts, credit unions, and worker-owned businesses.

Co-operatives UK is the central membership organisation for co-operative enterprise throughout the UK. This is a co-operative of co-operatives: a co-operative federation. Most kinds of co-operatives are eligible to join Co-operatives UK.

Origins of the British co-operative movement
Though the history of the co-operative movement in the UK is often traced back to the Rochdale Pioneers of 1844, the history of co-operation can be traced back much further. The origins of modern co-operatives owe their beginnings not simply to the extreme poverty faced by many in the 18th and 19th centuries, but also to the rapid social changes of urbanisation, the rising food prices which resulted from the marketisation of the economy and from the lack of political representation for the working class during this period. These factors led to a number of social changes including an increased focus on mutual businesses (notably co-operatives) in public discourse during this time and also to events such as the Swing Riots of 1830. Early co-ops often focused on the provision of essential services (notably food) to members where the market was either unable to provide these services sufficiently or was considered unjust. Often the more successful co-ops were established around the trades which were experiencing the largest impact from the rapid industrialisation such as mining and weaving. This was likely due to the clearer direct benefits of membership and the solidarity of workers with a similar plight. The provision of food was a highly successful area for co-ops with many becoming involved in milling and baking bread. The Hull Anti-Mill Co-op, established in 1795 and which traded for a century, provides an example of such a successful society.

Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers

Though many co-operative societies had been established by the 1840s many had not been successful with societies often suffering through financial maladministration or fraud owing to the very limited legislation surrounding such enterprises. During the boom times, when work in the factories was more fruitful, co-operative societies also had difficulty encouraging people to retain their membership owing to perception of its limited financial benefits. It became understood that some kind of economic benefit for membership was required alongside the educational and social benefits. It was the implementation of the patronage dividend and the formalisation of the Rochdale Principles which led to the success of the Rochdale Society of Equitable Pioneers which was established in December 1844, a business which continues to this day as a part of The Co-operative Group. The Rochdale Pioneers society became highly successful with 1,400 members in 1855 and the co-op expanded further, after opening additional stores, to have 5,560 members by 1870. This success encouraged a boom in co-operatives in the following decades across the UK, but predominately across the industrial heartlands of northern England.

By 1860 there were more than 200 co-ops in the north west of England which were running in a similar manner to the Rochdale society. Private shopkeepers became resentful of the competition which they were experiencing from these new co-operative stores, often as they saw the dividend as an unfair competitive advantage, and so some powerful shopkeepers lobbied for wholesalers to stop supplying these new co-operative societies. Though few such boycotts actually occurred, this threat worried many people in the co-operative movement and so they endeavoured to create a co-operative wholesaler to supply at least some key products to co-operative stores. The Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1862 enabled co-operative societies to invest in other co-operative societies, in effect permitting co-operative federations. Following this the North of England Co-operative Wholesale Industrial and Provident Society Limited, later renamed the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) was launched in Manchester by 300 individual co-operatives in Yorkshire and Lancashire during 1863. The Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society was founded in 1868.

Consumers' co-operatives (retail and food)

The largest and most recognised part of the UK movement are the many consumers' co-operatives. They are co-operative businesses run for the benefit of their customer members. Of these co-operatives, the largest sector is food retailing, though they have a significant presence in other sectors such as travel agencies and funeral directors.
The late 20th and early 21st centuries have seen a gradual exit by these businesses from the non-food retailing market.

Many co-operatives (by convention known as co-operative societies) started out in a single village, town or city usually with just a single store. Here, members would be customers of the society's trading location and the society would reward these members with a proportion of any profits based on that member's spending with the society, or a dividend. This is a fundamental difference between a co-operative and a joint stock company.
Most societies were small, and by 1900, there were 1,439 co-operatives covering virtually every area of the UK.
Gradually, many societies expanded by opening further stores or by merging with a neighbouring society. Today, there is one dominant, national society, The Co-operative Group, and a number of large regional co-operative societies such as Central England Co-operative, the Midcounties Co-operative and Scotmid. Many of these large co-operative societies have businesses in a number of sectors, are led by their values principles and owned by their members. Membership is open to everyone and alongside being democratically involved in the decision making of the societies, every year members receive a share of the profits based on the amount made in profits that year and the how much they had spent with any of its businesses. In the case of The Co-operative Group, the society has over four million members and 3,600 trading outlets for its family of business which comprises groceries, insurance, funerals, legal services and health. In contrast to these large regional or national societies, some have remained with a single store such as Shepley Co-op, Grosmont Co-op, Coniston Co-op and Allendale Co-op.

The decline, through mergers, of single shop co-operatives, was reversed by two trends.
Firstly, around 170 community owned shops were established since 1979, many of which are co-operatives.
Secondly, the United States food co-operative movement was replicated in the UK: some of the independent food co-operatives established in the late 20th and early 21st centuries operate shops.

History of the British consumer co-operative movement

By 1860 there were more than 200 co-ops in the north west of England which were running in a similar manner to the Rochdale society. Private shopkeepers became resentful of the competition which they were experiencing from these new co-operative stores, often as they saw the dividend as an unfair competitive advantage, and so some powerful shopkeepers lobbied for wholesalers to stop supplying these new co-operative societies. Though few such boycotts actually occurred, this threat worried many people in the co-operative movement and so they endeavoured to create a co-operative wholesaler to supply at least some key products to co-operative stores. The North of England Co-operative Wholesale Industrial and Provident Society Limited, later renamed the Co-operative Wholesale Society (CWS) was launched in Manchester by 300 individual co-operatives in Yorkshire and Lancashire during 1863. The Scottish Co-operative Wholesale Society was founded in 1868. The CWS grew rapidly and supplied produce to co-operative stores across England, competing fiercely for trade from co-operative societies with other non-co-operative wholesalers which led to the CWS becoming highly innovative. By 1890 the CWS had established significant branches in Leeds, Blackburn, Bristol, Nottingham and Huddersfield alongside a number of factories which produced biscuits (Manchester), Boots (Leicester), Soap (Durham) and textiles (Batley). This rapid expansion continued so that by the outbreak of World War I the CWS had major offices in the United States, Denmark, Australia and a tea plantation in India.

Many, fiercely local, societies saw the CWS as a valuable supplier but did not want to exclusively purchase produce from a single source. In order to increase loyalty to the CWS, they started to assist the local retail societies in more ways than simply as a wholesaler. The CWS Bank, the precursor to The Co-operative Bank, financed loans for societies to use for expansion through purchasing new buildings, land or new equipment. After the acquisition of the Co-operative Insurance Society in 1913, the CWS also provided insurance services to members and the CWS also began providing legal services – all business which remain today. It was hoped that these financial ties, as well as the CWS corporate dividend, would increase loyalty to the CWS. During World War II rationing led to an effective pause in any major changes to the co-operative movement in the UK with the CWS becoming highly involved in sourcing overseas goods for UK consumers and manufacturing wartime goods. Following the war there was some attempt to modernise the co-operative stores. After the London Co-operative Society opened its first self-service shop in 1942 the co-operative movement led the way on the development of self-service stores to the point where, by the 1950s, 90% of self-service shops in the UK were run by co-operatives. Despite this the market share and the number of members of the society began to dwindle and - importantly - so did the member share capital which societies used to invest. The CWS responded with an operational facelift in 1968 which introduced the first national co-operative branding, the 'Co-op' cloverleaf. Though this led to some improvements the movement (including the CWS) remained largely unreformed with its grocery market share continuing its downward trend. It was also suggested around this time that societies merge to form regional societies to improve their competitiveness through the economies of scale. Many local co-op societies strongly resisted such mergers but, as their financial situation declined, many were forced to merge to create regional societies or with either the CRS or the SCWS to avoid failing. Consolidation within the movement was considerable and in 1973 serious financial mismanagement of the SCWS Bank led to the SCWS and the CWS merging to form a single UK-wide wholesale society.

The co-operative movement's market share and profitability continued to decline during the 1970s and 80s in part due to a number of reasons. Firstly the process of de-industrialisation which characterised the period led to serious economic difficulties in many of the movements heartlands (notably the northern industrial towns) which disproportionally impacted on the societies through a decrease in consumer spending despite the British economy seeing a rise in consumer disposable income overall. This was largely due to the strong increase in inequality in the UK at this time and the co-operative movement was not well placed to tap into this increase in middle class spending due to the geographic spread of its stores and the co-op's historic association as the shop for the 'working poor'. Secondly redevelopment projects in many cities between the 1950s and 1970s often moved people from rows of terraced housing (which featured co-op stores dotted throughout) to newer purpose-built estates, with around 18,000 co-op stores closing as they become redundant in this way. Thirdly the time was a period of notable inflation and a strong pound which led to a wave of cheap imported goods – this devastated much of the UKs manufacturing businesses (including the CWS). By the 1980s it became clear that the trend in the retail sector was towards large (often out of town) supermarkets and hypermarkets with hundreds of them appearing across the UK. The co-operative movement did build some superstores, having 74 by 1986, but often their development and competitiveness was hindered by the lack of a national distribution network and price competitiveness.

During the 1980s financial troubles and an increasing number of co-operative societies led to the CWS began rescuing many of these (after the CRS began to struggle financially from the number of failing co-ops that it had merged with), the CWS having returned to direct retailing after its merger with the SCWS the decade before. It was these mergers with consumers' co-operatives which led to the co-op having both corporate (co-op societies) and individual members and hence making it both a primary and secondary co-operative. The CWS's expansion into direct retailing (especially after the mergers of the 2000s) led to the CWS becoming such a highly visible business in the UK. The legacy of this was that many people consider the British co-operative movement to be one business, The Co-operative Group.

By the start of the 1990s the co-operative movement's share of the UK grocery market had declined to the point where the entire business model was under question. This was at a time where many building societies were demutualising as many of the public preferred the short-term financial gain of the windfall payment over the perceived lack of benefits from the mutual model. For a time it seemed as though the mutual or co-op model was almost dead – though around the 2008 financial crisis almost all of the demutualised building societies either failed or were forced to merge with a larger bank for support reigniting much debate on the virtues of the mutual and co-op models. The co-op's reputation was not helped in this respect by the factions within the movement, notably the strong rivalry between the CRS and the CWS, acting in a manner which exacerbated the belief held by many members of the public that, rather than working for the interests of all members, co-ops were largely acting in the self-interests of a dominant 'clique' of members within each society. Together these crises meant that the 1990s would become a crucial decade if 'The Co-op' was to survive. In order to raise capital to invest in its food stores (and also the increasingly successful The Co-operative Bank) the CWS sold many of its factories to Andrew Regan in 1994 for £111 million before in 1997 he posed a highly ambitious £1.2bn hostile takeover attempt of the CWS. This shocked many in the movement and consolidated support for the CWS as the 'linchpin' of the movement in a way that many had previous opposed. The CWS was able to defend itself from this takeover bid and after investigations by a private detective and a subsequent criminal court case, Regan's bid was rejected and two senior CWS executives were dismissed and imprisoned for fraud. An arrest warrant was issued for Andrew Regan in 1999 however he had already emigrated to Monaco.

The shock that Mr Regan's bid sent through the co-operative movement has been attributed with sowing the seeds for the merger of the CRS and the CWS in 1999. The merger took two years to complete and the launch of the newly combined business, named The Co-operative Group, was timed with the release of the 2001 Co-operative Commission report, chaired by John Monks, which proposed a strategy of modernisation which focused on improving store design and building a consistent branding whilst also driving for efficiency savings to make the food business more competitive - the similarity in conclusions between the 1919, 1958 and 2001 reports highlights the distinct lack of progress within the movement during this time. The 2001 report also highlighted the need to market what it called 'The Co-operative Advantage' which suggested that commercial success would provide the funding for the social goals of the movement which (when the public saw a tangible benefit to their own lives) would provide a competitive advantage to the co-op which would further its commercial success - a virtuous cycle. Unlike Gaitskell Commission's 1958 report the recommendations of the report, notably the major update to "The Co-operative brand" and the re-launch of the membership dividend scheme, were largely adopted by the co-operative movement including The Co-operative Group. These changes to the business are largely credited with the successes in profitability and the achievement in social goals which improved in the years after the Co-operative Commission report.

This is not to say that modernisation of the CWS had not been under way for some time. Since 1993 the CRTG had been working to switch the role of the CWS from 'selling to' to 'buying for' co-operative societies as a way of maximising the economies of scale to become more competitive to the major supermarkets. Since the 1960s the co-op had been following retail trends after they had occurred, always having to catch up, in a way that it led the changes before World War II. Many leaders in the movement began to appreciate that this 'me too' approach to retailing was not working, for example expanding into hypermarkets after Tesco and Sainsbury's had already developed a dominant position but without the resources to compete on price. As an attempt to differentiate itself from its larger competitors The Co-operative Bank had introduced an ethical policy in 1992 and this, along with its technical innovation, was well received with customers. The CWS decided that, though it had always aimed to trade responsibly (for example though the working conditions in its factories and plantations as well as its boycott of South African produce during the years of Apartheid, by cementing its 'ethical' credentials in a series of strong and clear policy commitments it could work to convince the public of the 'co-operative difference'. This move posed a bold step for the CWS leadership as this was a wholly new approach for such a large business. The CWS worked with The Fairtrade Foundation to help introduce the Fairtrade Mark in the UK, it was an early adopter of the RSPCA's 'Freedom Foods' animal welfare certification, it introduced the first supermarket line of 'environmentally friendly' household products and the first range of toiletries certified by Cruelty Free International as not tested on animals. This new adoption of an ethical strategy was only part of the CWS's changes. After the 1997 strategic review the business suggested that it close the majority of its hypermarkets and department stores and instead focus on its core chain of convenience stores, another significant proposal.

List of retail societies

Utility co-operatives

Utility co-operatives provide their members with services such as telecommunications, energy and water.

The Phone Co-op was established in 1998 and provides broadband, fixed line and mobile telecoms services to consumers and organisations. Today the business is part of the Midcounties Co-operative and provides landline, mobile telephone and Internet services, including broadband.

The Co-operative Energy is an energy supplier which is operated on behalf of Midcounties Co-operative by Octopus Energy, making it the only co-operative supplier in the UK energy market. The business sources more than half its energy from renewable sources (the UK average is approximately 15%) with some electricity sourced from several community owned renewable energy schemes, including the Great Dunkilns Farm wind turbine at St Briavels in Gloucestershire and Westmill Wind Farm Co-operative.

Financial co-operatives

Credit unions

Credit unions are a loan and savings co-operative. Members normally have a 'common bond' to make them eligible for membership. Commons bonds are usually that all members live in a certain locality, work for a common employer or belong to the same trade union, church or association. Because of the need for a common bond, most credit unions remain rather small. Credit unions are run in a not-for-profit way. This means they use their money to run their services and reward their members – not to pay outside shareholders. They must set money aside each year to ensure they don't go bust. They use any leftover money to provide better services to members or share evenly among savings accounts (a dividend)

In Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales), credit unions are regulated by the Financial Services Authority who set certain standard and approve the people who hold important positions within a credit union. All credit unions must have the words 'credit union' in the title, or in Wales they can have 'undeb credyd'. The main trade association for credit unions in Great Britain is the Association of British Credit Unions Ltd (ABCUL). ABCUL is based in Holyoake House, a Grade One listed building in Manchester owned by Co-operativesUK.

In Northern Ireland, credit unions are currently regulated by the Department of Enterprise, Trade and Investment and registered by its registry function – the Registry of Credit Unions and Industrial and Provident Societies. However, there are proposals for regulatory reform, set out by HM Treasury and the DETI, which detail transferring registration and regulatory responsibility for credit unions in Northern Ireland to the Financial Services Authority. The main trade association for credit unions throughout the island of Ireland is the Irish League of Credit Unions.

Housing

Housing co-operatives are owned and democratically controlled by its member-tenants. The Confederation of Co-operative Housing is the UK's national body for housing co-ops.

Worker

A worker co-operative is a co-operative owned and democratically controlled by its employees. There are no outside- or consumer-owners in a worker co-operative. Only the workers own shares of the business. It is estimated that there are approximately 403 worker owned and controlled co-operatives in the United Kingdom. In 2009 Co-operativesUK recorded a combined turnover of £144 million with assets of £32 million as part of the Co-operative Review 2009.

The largest employee-owned company in the UK is the John Lewis Partnership. Though John Lewis is a public limited company, its shares are held in trust on behalf of the employees rather than being traded on the London Stock Exchange. Each employee (referred to as "partner" within John Lewis) has a say in how the company is run and each year they are awarded an equal percentage share of the profits based on their salary. In the past ten years, this has amounted to between one and two months' salary for partners. The John Lewis Partnership operates twenty-six department stores and a web store under the John Lewis division and 187 (Dec 2007) supermarkets in the Waitrose division. The company's presence is more marked in the south and east of England though it is gradually expanding to other areas of Great Britain.

Suma is the largest independent wholefood wholesaler-distributor in the United Kingdom and a workers' co-operative. Suma specialise in vegetarian, Fairtrade, organic, ethical and natural products. Greencity Wholefoods is a similar worker co-operative based in Glasgow, Scotland.

Infinity Foods Workers Co-operative Ltd (co-operative) is a large independent wholefood business in East Sussex. With a retail outlet with artisan Bakery, Cafe and wholesaler-distribution. Infinity Foods specialise in vegetarian, Fairtrade, organic, ethical and natural products. Infinity Foods workers co-operative has over 100 worker members making it one of the biggest independent employers in the Brighton and Hove area.

Footprint Workers Co-operative, a printing service has been running in Leeds since 1997.

The Edinburgh Bicycle Co-operative is the oldest workers co-operative in Scotland, being established in 1977. It has since expanded and now operates eight stores across Scotland and northern England as well as an online sales platform.. Brixton Cycles, inspired by Edinburgh, opened in 1983 and is also still running today.

Agricultural
Agricultural marketing and supply co-operatives are owned by farmers.

Mole Valley Farmers is a larger example of a supply co-operative founded by farmers.
The late twentieth century saw the demutualisation of several large co-operatives, including the large regional West Midland Farmers, which was founded in 1916 as the Atworth and District Agricultural Society.
West Midland Farmers renamed itself to Countrywide Farmers in 1999, becoming a joint stock company owned by 11,000 farmers.

The 1994 break-up of the Milk Marketing Board eventually formed several large dairy marketing co-operatives, including Milk Marque (since demutualised and renamed Community Foods Group), Dairy Farmers of Britain. Milk Link and First Milk.

Openfield Agriculture is the largest UK co-operative grain trading business, owned by approximately 2000 farmer members with a turnover of over £800m per year.

Community co-operatives

Community shops
Community shops are not dissimilar from food co-ops but are often found in more remote villages and provide some of the services of a convenience store but also frequently have cafe, healthcare or library services. Since 1979 some two dozen community co-operatives have been  established in remote areas in the Scottish Highlands and Islands and have carried on not only retaiing but manufacturing and service industries, improving both incomes and the quality of life. As of 2015, there are 330 community shops in the UK.

Community pubs
Community pubs have largely resulted from situations where a pub chain has chosen to close a pub, often in a village which is otherwise under-served by pubs. Commonly community pubs in England are established by listing the pub as an Asset of Community Value under the 2011 Localism Act before a group of local people raise sufficient funds to purchase and re-open the pub. Funds are often raised using a community shares scheme and are subsequently run as co-operatives. As of 2015, there are 35 community pubs registered in the UK. In some situations a community pub may also incorporate a community shop.

Examples of community pubs include: The Angler's Rest, Bamford, Fox and Hounds, Charwelton, The Rose and Crown, Hexham and The Ivy House in Nunhead, south London.

Community centres

Crossing over sometimes with the function of Community pubs, self organised social centres or community centres are often worker or volunteer co-operatives. Often starting off as informal collectives or squats, some social centres incorporate, often finding the co-operative model appropriate. These buildings can have community spaces, resources, bars and cafes within them. Examples include Partisan in Manchester, the 1 in 12 Club in Bradford, the Cowley Club in Brighton and the Sumac Centre in Nottingham.

Community energy co-operatives

A number of community-owned co-operatives have been established to own and run small-scale renewable energy projects. Many of these operate as onshore wind farms, small-scale solar power installations or as micro-hydro projects. Financing for such schemes is often a combination of community shares and loan funding and surplus funds are often distributed (once interest to loan providers and shareholders is paid) to community groups or local development projects. Examples of such co-operatives include the Baywind Energy Co-operative and Torrs Hydro.

Retailers'

Retailers' co-operatives (not to be confused with retail consumer co-operatives, above) provide marketing and wholesaling services to retail businesses.
Independent retail consumer co-operatives are corporate members of The Co-operative Group, a secondary co-operative.  The Co-operative Group manages the Co-operative Federal Retail and Trading Services, servicing 3,200 food stores, including its own and those of its corporate members. The Group also provides other collective buying, marketing and distribution functions.
Members of the Arizona hoteliers' marketing association, Best Western, have 280 hotels in the UK, .
UK retail business Nisa is part of The Co-operative Group.  , Nisa represents 300 wholesalers and 674 retailers, with 5000 convenience stores and small supermarkets, including the Costcutter symbol group.
The Dutch association of retailers and wholesalers, Spar, is very similar to Nisa, but its UK membership is smaller. , Spar members have 2,500 outlets in the UK.
Most retail florists are members of Interflora, a former co-operative that demutualised in 2006 (when it was acquired by its United States affiliate, Florists' Transworld Delivery.)

Support organisations

In addition to Co-operatives UK, the central membership organisation for British co-operatives, there are a variety of other support organisations and secondary co-operatives serving the sector. The Plunkett Foundation promotes co-operation in rural communities, including the agricultural and retail sectors. There are several other sectoral co-operative bodies, such as the Confederation of Co-operative Housing and Supporters Direct.

The Co-operative College has, since 1919, served the co-operative sector in terms of developing members and managers, working internationally and developing new co-operative ideas. Various independent co-operative development agencies assist the formation of new co-operative enterprises. Co-operative & Community Finance provides financing for new ventures. The Co-operative Press publishes Co-op News, the main news organ of the movement. The UK Society for Co-operative Studies brings together academics and co-operators and publishes the Journal of Co-operative Studies.

The Co-operative Party was formed to promote the co-operative sector in Parliament. Retail societies and other co-operatives are among the members of the party, which works with the Labour Party to elect those sympathetic to co-operative issues and to promote co-operation and mutuality. The think tank and consultancy Mutuo was originally developed by the party and now operates independently across the wider mutual sector in the United Kingdom.

The Woodcraft Folk is an organisation widely considered to be the youth arm of the co-operative movement. Woodcraft Folk groups teach the principles of cooperation to children and is financially supported by the Co-operative Group and many other cooperative societies.

The Wales Co-operative Centre is a co-operative development organisation based in Wales. They deliver business support for groups looking to set up co-operatives and social enterprises, and also deliver support around the themes of employee buyout and co-operative consortia working. They also provide support for organisations who are exploring setting up housing co-operatives.

Students for Cooperation is a federation of 30 student co-operatives across the UK. The organisation works to support new and existing student co-ops, and to promote and raise awareness of the co-operative model amongst students.

References

External links
 Co-operativesUK
 The Co-operative Group
 Association of British Credit Unions
 Irish League of Credit Unions
 Confederations of Co-operative Housing
 LETS Link
 Plunkett Foundation
 The Woodcraft Folk
 Students for Cooperation
 Wales Co-operative Centre

Political movements in the United Kingdom
British political party founders

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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NB: the new Paediatric Emergency Medicine syllabus will come into effect from August 2018. It replaces the PEM sub-specialty curriculum 2010 (revised 2012). Syllabus FAQs available here.
Paediatric Emergency Medicine is a sub-specialty of both Emergency Medicine and Paediatrics. EM Trainees in the UK have the opportunity to apply for and, if successful, train in a sub-specialty training programme while retaining their NTN. When both parent specialty and sub-specialty training are completed successfully then the College will recommend to the GMC that the trainee be included on the specialist register with PEM as a sub-specialty.
Six months Paeds/PEM training is part of the EM curriculum during the CT/ST3 year. This six months training cannot count towards the twelve months training at sub-specialty level. This section of the website will be concerned with sub-specialty level PEM.
How can I train to be a Consultant in PEM?
If you plan to train in the UK you will have to decide in your Foundation Programme whether you want to approach this from the Emergency Medicine (EM) route or the Paediatric route. In both cases this would extend training to be a consultant by about a year.
If you choose to take the EM route, this currently means applying during Foundation Year 2 to enter the 2-year Acute Care Common Stem (ACCS) training (CT1 and CT2). In the next CT3 year all EM trainees spend the year based in an Emergency Department with a large proportion of time dedicated to PEM. Once you enter Higher Specialist Training (ST4-6) trainees can spend an additional year acquiring the competencies required to have PEM registered as a Sub-Speciality on the UK Specialist Register as a consultant. The training consists of 6 months in a PEM training ED, and 6 months based on the wards, in clinics and in Paediatric Intensive Care.
If you choose to take the Paediatric route, at ST4-5 level Higher Specialist trainees in Paediatrics can opt to spend an additional 2 years in their senior training, acquiring the competences required to have PEM registered as a Sub-Speciality on the UK Specialist Register as a consultant. PEM training is usually undertaken as ST6 and ST7 training. There is an annual round of national applications to 'the Grid' which is a competitive matching system between applicants and posts available. This is run by the Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health. The 2 year training consists of 12 months in a PEM training ED, 6 months in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit and 6 months in surgery / orthopaedics.
How do I train in PEM if I'm already on a Paediatric or Emergency Medicine training programme?
Paediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) evolved as a sub-specialty of EM in 2002 and of paediatrics a few years later. In July 2010 a new GMC-approved curriculum for PEM training was launched by RCEM and the RCPCH. It is a joint curriculum for trainees of either background. This curriculum has been updated and is now the PEM SS syllabus.
Subspecialty training for PEM for EM usually requires extension of the predicted CCT date by an extra year. Training comprises one year, which will be spent gaining experience in a PED, and other areas such as PICU and General Paediatrics. This will lead to a CCT in Emergency Medicine, with subspecialty accreditation in PEM. The year's training can be completed in a block, or spread out through higher specialist training.
Speak to an EM(PEM) or a Paed(PEM) consultant in your area, or approach your Training Program Director or Head of School.
Trainees will undergo a two-year training programme, completed after "core training" and not usually requiring an extension of CCT date. This is called "grid" training and is a competitive entry process, usually undertaken in ST4-5. It comprises one year of which is spent training exclusively in a paediatric ED, with the second year requiring periods of training in paediatric intensive care medicine, anaesthesia, paediatric surgery and paediatric orthopaedics.
Which UK centres offer PEM training?
Click here for a list of PEM training centres and Lead PEM consultants and to see how many places there are for EM registrars, paediatric registrars and the department's profile – the number of paediatric cases seen and whether there is a dedicated Paediatric ED.
RCEM trainers wishing to start a new rotation or become a trainer for Emergency Medicine trainees will find the documents below of use.
RCEM or RCPCH trainers wishing to start a new "grid" post or become a trainer for Paediatric trainees, please contact the RCPCH.
You'll find more information about Paediatric Emergency Medicine training by using the tabs at the top of this page.


text:
import os
import urllib.request

download_file = r"E:\MODIS_appeears\2000_2003\yanao17_full_2000_2003-download-list.txt"
out_folder = r'E:\MODIS_appeears\2000_2003'
with open(download_file) as d_file:
    links_list = d_file.readlines()
    n_items = len(links_list)
    for count, item_http_link in enumerate(links_list):
        fname = item_http_link.split('/')[-1].replace('_aid0001', '').rstrip()
        print(count + 1, '/', n_items, fname)
        urllib.request.urlretrieve(item_http_link.rstrip(), os.path.join(out_folder, fname))


Scrum is the hottest trending topic in project management and the most popular of the agile approaches.
Evolve your career and show your expertise by becoming a Scrum Master with Crosswind Learning.
One definition of insanity is to do the same thing repeatedly and expect different results. As you are taking your career and earnings to the next level, you will require a different approach and different tools than you have used to date. The Crosswind Scrum Master course allows you to learn and experience modern hands-on approaches to implementing Scrum and agile approaches in your workplace.
The Crosswind Scrum Master two-day live classroom course provides hands-on experience in understanding and implementing the Scrum framework. The course is ideal for those that are currently doing Scrum or transitioning to Scrum in their current positions.
What are the career benefits to becoming a Scrum Master?
What are the prerequisites for the Scrum Master Course?
There are no prerequisites. Anyone wanting to learn can attend.
See our various course dates and formats to get started today! Call 214-764-1338 X1 for more information or to get on the roster!
NOTE: This course is available classroom only, not as a virtual course.


I've covered Roulette Bets, however I've been asked to go in-depth about all of the bets as well with specific examples. So I wrote an Inside Bets article and an Outside Bets article.
This article on Roulette Outside Bets will go into detail about all of the outside bets you can make, and I'll be using American Roulette odds for the whole article, just so I don't confuse you by listing all separate odds. Everything is pretty much relevant for any form of Roulette of course – but American Roulette is a great base to start discussing the odds.
Let's cover these in detail, shall we? Of course we shall!
This one is very simple – you're betting that the ball will land on red.
The number doesn't matter – as long as it is red. That means if it lands on red you win, if it lands on black, 0 or 00 you lose.
Payoff for this bet is even money – bet $10 to win $10. Of course your odds of getting it are slightly lower due to the 0 and 00 that are on the wheel. Hence why a lot of people prefer European Roulette because their odds are not as low.
Same as the above – you bet on black, and you are betting that black will come up. This one is very easy to do – place the chips that you wish to bet in the black layer of the Roulette betting area. Simple as that. And as Wesley Snipes says – Always Bet on Black.
This one is where colour doesn't matter – perfect if you are colour blind! The ball will land on a number, and all you have to bet is that the number will be even. If it is even – meaning it ends in 2,4,6,8 or 0 then you win the bet. 1:1 payout so $10 returns $10.
Note that this does NOT include 0 or 00. You place the bet on the nice big box marked "Even" on the betting layout.
Similar to the above "Evens" bet, except this time you are betting that an odd number will come up. 1,3,5,7,9 – as long as it ends in one of those, you're a winner.
You will bet with a 1:1 payout and you place the bet in the "Odds" section of the betting layout. These above four bets are great beginner bets to get you started – and although every spin is independent of the other it allows you to bet with a minimal risk.
Note that often at a table if there is a "team mentality", such as Craps, you'll see everyone betting on the same colour or odd or even. Always best to go with the flow there.
With this one, you're covering a wide spread of numbers similar to the above. When you place a low bet, you are betting that one of the numbers that come up will be the bottom half of 36, which is 1-18. Note that this does not include 0 to 00.
So if 14, 16, 7 or any of the other numbers come up you win and you get a payout of 1:1. This on the Roulette table will be listed as 1-18 usually, and will be right beside the Odd/Even betting areas.
Similar to Low Bet, except High Bet means you are betting 19-36 aka the highest numbers on the Roulette wheel.
Exact same details here – bet $10 to win $10. 0 and 00 don't count.
That's a European Roulette table, but as Bruce Robertson in the movie Filth says – "Same Rules Apply".
At least when it comes to this bet anyway.
See where it is listed "2 to 1" at the bottom? That's where you place this bet. So if you place it on the very left "2 to 1" you would be betting that column – 1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25, 28, 31 and 34.
Honestly I've never seen the appeal of the columns bet myself. Usually it's too many numbers to process for me, and I'm left unsure whether I am a winner or not for a good few seconds while I check the board.
But yeah that's how you do it – and 2 to 1 is the payout as well so $10 gets you $20. 0 and 00 don't count of course.
This one is similar to the Column Bets except you're betting sequential numbers this time.
Where it says "1st 12", "2nd 12" and "3rd 12" is where you want to place your bets. Place your bet on the "1st" 12 for example, and you're betting that it will land on 1-12.
The odds for this is also 2-1 so $10 gets you $20 back.


Jed Luckless | Original music streamed live online.
Jed Luckless is NYC area musician who performs original music and streams his shows online in the virtual world of Secondlife. His improvisational style has earned him the nickname Jammin' Jed and this spontaneity makes every performance a unique experience for the listener.
♣ Log into Secondlife and come experience a virtual show!
♠ Tune into jedluckless.tv for live webcasts!
♥ Listen to concert recordings in the Internet Live Music Archive!
♦ Check out videos from Jed's performances!
♦ Order a signed Jed CD or download it from iTunes!


Donald R. Clary, Jr., CPA President and Chief Executive Officer, CoServ Donald (Donnie) R. Clary, Jr., CPA, was named CEO of CoServ Electric in 2014 after joining the Corinth, Texas-based electric cooperative as its Controller 24 years earlier.
As the highest-ranking financial official, Clary oversaw CoServ's growth from 20,000 meters in 1990 to more than 210,000 across parts of seven counties today. In 1998, he was part of a team that created a for-profit natural gas distribution affiliate that today provides service to more than 107,000 meters in three counties. Donnie serves as an officer and a member of the governing body of each CoServ affiliate.
CoServ retains a Fitch-affirmed AA– rating and is ranked among the top five percent nationwide for reliability. In 2014, CoServ successfully attained its first private debt placement.


text:
This project demonstrates the basic protractor-cucumber-typescript framework project setup.

###Features
* No typings.json or typings folder, they have been replaced by better **'@types'** modules in package.json
* ts-node(typescript execution environment for node) in cucumberOpts.
* All scripts written with Typescript2.0
* Neat folder structures with transpiled js files in separate output folder.
* Page Object design pattern implementation
* DirectConnect capability for Chrome & Firefox(works best with 47.0.1) browsers
* Extensive hooks implemented for BeforeFeature, AfterScenarios etc.
* Screenshots on failure feature scenarios

###To Get Started

####Pre-requisites
1.NodeJS installed globally in the system.
https://nodejs.org/en/download/

2.Chrome or Firefox(47.0.1 recommended) browsers installed.

3.Text Editor(Optional) installed-->Sublime/Visual Studio Code/Brackets.

####Setup Scripts
* run following command from terminal/command prompt
```
   npm install
```
* All the dependencies from package.json and ambient typings would be installed in node_modules folder.

####Setup & Run TestApp
```
cd ..
cd testapp/

    npm install

    npm start
```

####Run Scripts
```
    npm test
```
* The above command should create an output folder named 'tmp' and transpile the .ts files.
* It launches the Firefox Browser and run the scripts

##Contributions
For contributors who want to improve this repo by contributing some code, reporting bugs, issues or improving documentation - PR's are highly welcome, please maintain the coding style , folder structure , detailed description of documentation and bugs/issues with examples if possible.


Controversies • His debut album "Jal Pari" in 2004 attracted a controversy for having a copyright issue.
• In 2010, a fake news about his death went viral on the internet. It all started when popular blogs gave news regarding it due to various reasons i.e. backbone injury, throat cancer. Actually, during a concert, he fell down after which he was taken to the nearest hospital which was a Cancer hospital. So, this is how it all started.
By the age of 14, he had completed his 10th standard and was the youngest among all his classmates to do so.
Initially, he dreamt of becoming a cricketer, and he wanted to be a part of Pakistan's National Cricket Team.
His parents wanted him to become a doctor, but he chose computer engineering.
Atif also first performed at a fancy dress competition as the captain of Pakistan Cricket Team, Imran Khan.
Atif's hidden talent of singing was observed by his friends first, and they informed his parents about Atif's interest.
During his college days, he did his first competitive performance at the Independence Day function and won the competition, which motivated him a lot.
He was also the part of U-19 Pakistani Cricket Team as a pace bowler.
During his college, he fell in love with Sara Bharwana, and the couple tied the knot in 2013 after seven years of courtship period.
At the age of 22, his first album Jal Pari was released on 17 July 2004.
His debut film Bol was critically acclaimed by everyone and became one of the highest grossing Pakistani films at that time.
Soon, he left the Jal band because there were some arguments between him and Goher; as both wanted to make their brothers the head of the band.
His first real concert was held at McDonald's, where he earned an amount of 500 rupees (PKR).
He is the youngest recipient of Tamgha-e-Imtiaz (Star of Excellence), the 4th highest decoration given to any civilian in Pakistan.
He loves making sketches in his free time.
He has also done some free live concerts for charity.
Atif loves his evil smile and considers it as his best feature.
He doesn't make friends in one meet; as he once shared that he first observe people and then decides to be friends with them or not. He also told that he could look into someone's eyes and get to know what they want.


Stamp+Ink is Graham Stowe and Scott Whiddon. Both are musicians, writers, and teachers. Beautiful Scenes was recorded in hotel rooms, conference centers, basements, and attics across the United States, on minimal equipment, 2017-18.
Mixed by John Ferguson. Mastered by Jim Gleason.
All proceeds from this recording will be donated to the Southeastern Writing Center Association Watson Scholarship Fund, which helps undergraduate and graduate students in writing studies. Feel free to pay what you want. Or, stream for free.


text:
Infiniti Q50 sports sedan
The new 2014 Infiniti Q50 it launches in the North American market in summer 2013. Infiniti Q50 sports sedan is remarked for its excellent proportions, presence and premium design.
Shiro Nakamura said "The Infiniti Q50 reflects the direct influence of the Infiniti concepts known as the 'Infiniti Trilogy', particularly Essence while honouring the iconic design dynamics of earlier Infiniti sports sedans. The new Q50's athletic and tightened appearance blends its lower and wider proportions with enhanced interior roominess to stunning effect inside and out,"
The new body design gives improved airflow over both the upper and lower body parts. The Infiniti Q50 also has zero front and rear lift.
The Infiniti Q50 is driven by a powerful 3.7-liter aluminium-alloy DOHC 24-valve V6 with 328 hp and a 50 kW electric motor.
Infiniti President Johan de Nysschen said: "True to the Infiniti DNA, our hybrid powertrains put performance first, without compromising fuel efficiency. It takes full advantage of the electric motor's instant torque for exceptional acceleration and, in combination with the 3.5-liter V6, provides a sporty driving feel under all driving conditions. We have targeted the best balance of performance and fuel economy and hit it dead center,".
The new Q50 also has Infiniti Direct Adaptive Steering and Active Lane Control technology.
The Infiniti Q50 rides on the best 17-inch aluminium-alloy wheels with 225/55R17 all-season run-flat tires.
The Q50 interior is an encouragement to drive within a comfortable cockpit with ergonomic design.
The Infiniti Q50 will be sold in the United States and Canada with two powertrains - the 3.7-liter V6 and 3.5-liter Hybrid. Nysschen said: "The new Infiniti Q50 is a true game changer in the sports sedan segment," "With its cutting-edge performance, design and technology, it breaks away from ordinary - just like the Infiniti brand."
Kia has revealed new details about the 2021 Kia Stinger. In addition to the refreshed design, 2021 Kia Stinger includes the latest support and safety features, as well as interior packages...read more
Volvo V60 sports sedan
automatic gearbox
Volvo V60 is the automobile for people who need the skillfulness of an estate but want the touch of a sports sedan. The new Volvo S60 outline is a visual message that this is no...read more
The new Mercedes E63 AMG Estate with 525 hp
Pole position for the new Mercedes E63 AMG Estate: the high-performance estate develops 386 kW/525 hp, accelerates from 0 to 100 km/h in 4.6 seconds, and offers a maximum...read more
Kia Sportage - a dramatic shift in design
The all-new Kia Sportage will show a dramatic shift in design direction when it makes its world premiere at the Geneva Motor Show on 2 March, 2010. Embodying Kia's new visual...read more
Nissan celebrates the GTR's 50th Anniversary Edition
The new GT-R 50th Anniversary Edition can't be just a visual package, Nissan also offers some performance improvements. The horsepower remains the same, the 565 for the standard...read more
The 2021 Porsche Panamera Turbo S and 4S E-Hybrid with much more power
Porsche cars
The 2021 Porsche Panamera will be available in two new versions: Turbo S (4.0-liter V8 engine and 630 horsepower) and 4S E-Hybrid (plug-in hybrid propulsion system with 560 horsepower...read more
Infiniti cars
sports sedan
By spare-wheel on Tue, 03/12/2013 - 12:46


text:
Q: Facebook graph "user/home" feed now contains activities as post items that are difficult to identify When I make the Graph call https://graph.facebook.com/me/home , I get back a paged set of the posts on my feed.  Recently, I've started to get items that appear to represent things like "John Doe liked a page".  They are marked as a link, but if I ask FB for the item, I get back a status post.  Here's an example, scrubbed of personal data:
{
application =             {
    id = 2530096808;
    name = Pages;
};
comments =             {
    count = 0;
};
"created_time" = "2011-08-28T18:54:09+0000";
description = "some text";
from =             {
    id = xxxxxx;
    name = "John Doe";
};
icon = "https://s-static.ak.facebook.com/rsrc.php/v1/yN/r/xCxxxxxxQO.gif";
id = "xxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx";
link = "http://www.facebook.com/pages/Ted.Smith/xxxxxxxx";
name = "(name of page)";
picture = "https://fbcdn-profile-a.akamaihd.net/hprofile-ak-snc4/276841_xxxxxxxxxx_xxxxx_q.jpg";
type = link;
"updated_time" = "2011-08-28T18:54:09+0000";
}

However, if I ask for this post using the id, I get this:
{
  "id": "xxxxx_xxxxx",
  "from": {
    "name": "John Doe",
    "id": "xxxxxxx"
  },
  "type": "status",
  "created_time": "2011-08-28T18:54:09+0000",
  "updated_time": "2011-08-28T18:54:09+0000",
  "comments": {
    "count": 0
  }
}

Looking in FB, I see a post that says "John likes (name of page)".
How can I identify these?  Why does it first show up as a link then as a status update?  Is there any documentation of this "activity" information?  There are other examples that come from "John Doe and others changed their profile image" and so forth.  I am having to do some very silly, fragile filtering code to  remove these until I know how to deal with them.
Help appreciated.

A: I actually have a post asking this exact same question. It has gotten 0 responses since I posted it almost a week ago.
So, from my research and testing, here are the answers to your questions.
1) You can not identify MOST of these messages. There are some that come in that if you look at the data will give you an idea perhaps what they are, but you will notice they are lacking some of the data you would need to properly display this update.
2) Certain message do seem to come in randomly as either a status or link type. Most commonly this is in relation to a user becoming friends with another user, or a user updating their profile picture.
3) From as far as I can tell there is no way to properly get the information about these messages. I have tried literally everything I can think of to figure it out. All you can do is Ignore messages that do not include the proper fields filled in for the reported type. For instance, if you get a 'status' type and it contains no message field, it is obviously not really a status message and some sort of sub-type that you probably can not properly display anyways, so just skip it. Just make sure you are viewing the data before you just decided that you cant display it though, as I said some of them despite being reported as the wrong type, do give you enough information to display them.
You will also get useless data when the post would have something to do with a person whom your user is not directly friends with as well.
Hope that helps.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
Emily Jensen
Alexander Wang creates a limited edition clutch with Judith Leiber
The limited-edition clutch will make its debut at Alexander Wang's Spring 2018 show in September, with just 20 copies of the Swarovski-encrusted purse to be manufactured.
Instagram: Judith Leiber
The Alexander Wang x Judith Leiber collaboration has created another version of the designer's signature minaudières, this time in the form of a stack of $100 bills. Wang's take on Leiber's famous clutch uses 10,263 Swarovski crystals in shades of green and gunmetal gray to mimic $100 notes, and is accentuated with an actual rubber band to create the illusion of a roll of bills.
Each hand-beaded clutch takes a week to complete and will retail for $4,995. Following its debut at Wang's runway show in September, the bag will be available in November at Saks Fifth Avenue and the designer's New York and London stores and online shop. Just 20 copies of the bag will be produced.
The collaboration with Leiber is something of a departure for Wang, who is more known for his streetwear-oriented styles, including the recent launch of his second collection for Adidas. However the New York City-based designer says his eveningwear has become more popular in recent seasons, and could become a more prominent part of his line.


text:
WPLG
Published: December 11, 2019, 12:36 am
Tags: ALS, Military
Why do military veterans have greater risk of getting ALS?
Medical community pushing for more research to answer questions
MIRAMAR, Fla. – Former military veteran John Hartwell never imagined that serving his country could put him at a greater risk for contracting amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or ALS.
The disease progressively paralyzes its victims, attacking nerve cells and pathways in the brain or spinal cord.
"Basically, from my initial diagnosis, it was like being given a death sentence and not being able to appeal it," Hartwell said.
Dr. Ashook Verma, medical director of the ALS Center at the University of Miami, said the link between ALS and military veterans remains a mystery.
"We don't know what the cause is, what the mechanism is, and what is the link that doubles as time goes by," Verma said.
That is why Verma and others in the medical community are pushing for more funding toward research.
"It really needs to have a bigger effort, something like the Manhattan Project, in order to have an ALS cure," he said.
Hartwell's form of the disease is slow in its progression, and he is hoping clinical trials currently underway around the globe will provide a breakthrough for him and for others suffering from ALS.
"There's so much research in so many countries, I just hope to be around for it to have some effect on me," Hartwell said.