text:
Color opponency: tutorial
Steven K. Shevell and Paul R. Martin
Steven K. Shevell1,2,3,* and Paul R. Martin4,5,6
1Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, 940 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
2Department of Psychology, The University of Chicago, 940 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
3Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The University of Chicago, 940 E. 57th St., Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
4Save Sight Institute, The University of Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
5Discipline of Physiology & School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
6Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, The University of Sydney Eye Hospital Campus, 8 Macquarie St., Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
*Corresponding author: shevell@uchicago.edu
S Shevell
P Martin
Steven K. Shevell and Paul R. Martin, "Color opponency: tutorial," J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 34, 1099-1108 (2017)
Spotlight Summary
Color spaces
Color vision (330.1720)
Physiology (330.5380)
Psychophysics (330.5510)
Original Manuscript: January 19, 2017
Manuscript Accepted: May 3, 2017
September 5, 2017 Spotlight on Optics
In dialogue, two color scientists introduce the topic of color opponency, as seen from the viewpoints of color appearance (psychophysics) and measurement of nerve cell responses (physiology). Points of difference as well as points of convergence between these viewpoints are explained. Key experiments from the psychophysical and physiological literature are covered in detail to help readers from these two broad fields understand each other's work.
Hue opponency: chromatic valence functions, individual differences, cortical winner-take-all opponent modeling, and the relationship between spikes and sensitivity
Vincent A. Billock
J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 35(4) B267-B277 (2018)
Response saturation of monochromatic increments on intense achromatic backgrounds: implications for color-opponent organization in human vision
Bruce Drum and Charles E. Sternheim
Color opponency and discrimination
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Shigeko Takahashi, Yoshimichi Ejima, and Munehira Akita
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Vincent A. Billock, Gerald A. Gleason, and Brian H. Tsou
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The solid symbols in Fig. 2(d) are scaled by a factor that equates the units of the 500 and 700 nm lights. The factor is determined by the ratio of 500 to 700 nm light that in mixture appears neither reddish nor greenish.
Open symbols in Fig. 2(d) are scaled by a factor that equates the units of the 475 and 580 nm lights. The factor is determined by the ratio of 475 to 580 nm light that in mixture appears neither yellowish nor bluish. A second scaling factor adjusts the overall height of the red–green curve (solid symbols) relative to the height of the yellow–blue curve (open symbols). This scaling is based on wavelengths perceived to have two hues of equal magnitude (for example, a wavelength that appears an orange judged to have equal parts redness and yellowness).
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In the proper historical context, Eq. (1) is a "hypothetical neural mechanism" of the sort disparaged by Helmholtz because it preceded the discovery of primate color-opponent neurons or even knowledge of the now-well-accepted L-, M-, and S-cone spectral sensitivity functions.
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Because we know the physical (radiometric) properties of the [RGB] monitor beams as well as the biological (photometric) properties of the human [LMS] cone receptors, we can predict what effect any RGB level within the gamut will have on the LMS receptors. Even better (and thinking the other way around), we can decide what LMS activation level we want, and set the RGB levels accordingly.
The 180° direction is the same as the zero direction, of course, but the modulation begins at the other side of the circle. If you look closely you can see that the histogram peaks are displaced (that is, shifted in time) by about 180° for the opposite modulation direction.
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Fig. 1. Color opponent axes. Hering declared red and green to be opponent colors represented along a single axis. Here, positive values on the axis are reddish, negative values are greenish, and zero represents a hue that has no redness or greenness at all—that is, unique blue, unique yellow, or white. Hering also proposed a second axis running from yellow (positive) to blue (negative), with zero for hues that have no yellowness or blueness (so unique red, unique green, or white). Any hue can be represented by two coordinate values, one on each axis. Orange, for example, has a positive value on both axes; aqua, composed of both greenness and blueness, has a negative value on both axes. White has zero on both axes (no trace of redness, greenness, yellowness, or blueness).
Fig. 2. How to use color mixtures to characterize opponent-color mechanisms. (a) Hues that do not lie on the opponent axes have both red–green and blue–yellow components. In this case, orange has red and yellow components. By adding 500 nm ("green") to the orange hue its reddish component can be canceled (i.e., bringing the mixture light to the R–G equilibrium locus). (b) Mixing spectral lights. The observer views a mixture of 630 nm plus a greenish-appearing wavelength (here, 500 nm), and adjusts the level of the 500 nm light until the mixture appears neither reddish nor greenish. (c) A representation of the Jameson and Hurvich color cancellation experiment in CIE space. Repeating the chromatic cancellation for wavelengths above 578 nm quantifies the redness in each of these wavelengths. (d) The resulting measurements can be plotted together as a function of all the physical wavelengths in the visible spectrum (see text).
Fig. 3. Physiological measurement of opponency. (a) Opponency defined by nerve cell recording. The visual system of an anaesthetized monkey responds to brief pulses of light presented on a stimulus screen. The small electrical signals (action potentials) from these cells are picked up by an electrode and amplified. (b) These famous recordings by De Valois and colleagues show responses of single nerve cells in monkey visual system to lights at different wavelengths. Here the opponent process is revealed as the cell is excited by some wavelengths (in this case, long wavelengths) and inhibited by others (that is, the spike rate falls below the maintained rate). Measurements were taken at three steps of brightness attenuation, showing that the opponent characteristic does not depend heavily on brightness. (c) Other cells show blue–yellow opponent property. (d) Opponency can also be measured by responses to a mixture of wavelengths projected into the eye. The frequency of action potentials is measured as a function of time relative to the stimulus modulation. If the response to in-phase modulation (0 deg phase difference, left column) is less than the response to out-of-phase modulation (180 deg phase difference, right column), we know that something in the retina has "subtracted" the neural response to 554 nm ("green") light from the response to 639 nm ("red") light (upper histograms). The process can be studied in detail by changing the frequency and phase of light modulation (lower histograms). Panels (b) and (c) modified from [12]. Panel (d) modified from Solomon et al. (2005) [13].
Fig. 4. Cone opponency defined physiologically by chromatic cardinal axes in experiments by Derrington and colleagues. (a) Projection of the stimulus set onto the CIE axes. Broken lines show the range of colors that lie within the monitor gamut. (b) Enlarged view of part of this space. Thick solid lines show two cardinal exchange axes producing selective modulation of S cones and out-of-phase modulation of M and L cones at constant luminance. Intermediate modulation directions form an ellipse in this space. (c) Here the space is reformed into a circle with cone excitation azimuth. Gray profiles show response modulation of a single nerve cell along different color modulation directions (four cycles of modulation are shown). Note that the cell is modulated maximally by exchange along the L–M axis (0–180 deg), and shows no modulation (response "null") along the S-cone axis (90 to -90 deg). (d) A third axis (elevation) is defined by in-phase modulation of S, M, and L cones. (e) Two clusters of cells are present in monkey lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with preferred azimuth close to zero (L–M) or 90 (S) deg. The L–M cells prefer a combination of luminance and color exchange (elevations around 45 deg), whereas the S cells prefer near-equiluminant color exchange. (f) Unique hues (outer circle) do not align with the cardinal color axes. The points show unique hue settings made on the circumference of an S versus ML cone space circle by seven observers. Note that the settings do not align with the L–M or S axis. Note also the differences in unique hue position among observers, with little variation in unique yellow but wide variation in position of unique blue, red, and green. Data in panels (c) and (e) redrawn from [40]. Data in panel (f) redrawn from [35].
Fig. 5. Spatial and chromatic opponent receptive fields. (a) Schematic spatial sensitivity profile of a single-opponent receptive field receiving excitatory input (L+) from long-wave sensitive cones, and inhibitory input (M−) from middle-wave sensitive cones. (b) The receptive field projection of a single-opponent field shows approximately overlapping and circularly symmetric cone-opponent inputs. (c) Schematic spatial sensitivity profile of a double-opponent receptive field. Here the receptive field comprises two opponent sub-regions which are spatially offset. (d) The receptive field projection of a double-opponent field shows complementary, orientation-selective sub-regions which produce both spatial and chromatic selectivity. Modified from [53].
(1) (r−g)λ=aLλ−bMλ+cSλ.
(2) (y−b)λ=dLλ+eMλ−fSλ,


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Why Battlefield 4's DLC delay is actually a good thing
By Andy Hartup 2013-12-05T15:00:05.338Z News
Future plans for Battlefield 4 DLC are on hold for now, as developer DICE looks to squash the majority of bugs that remain in the game. According to an EA spokesperson, talking to CVG: "the team at DICE is working non-stop to update the game". Fair enough--it's a smart move from EA in terms of winning back credibility and trust from players who have experienced problems with the game. However, it's not an entirely selfless move either.
Personally, I've only experienced a single crash during roughly 12 hours of Battlefield 4 on PS4. My game failed to load a map at the start of one session, so I quit out of the application, closed it, and restarted. Took about 30 seconds. No stats lost, no need to unplug my machine and do the restart dance. Hey, maybe I'm just lucky--I know others who claim to have serious problems with the game. If you've had problems, do let me know in the comments. I'll commiserate with you as sincerely as possible.
It's hardly a surprise. Battlefield games are notoriously buggy during the first few weeks, as the game's online features go from having 100 or so test players to several million actual players within a couple of days. As I've said before, you can't simulate these conditions, so people are always going to find problems. The serious bug issues have persisted longer than most expected--including myself--but I'm an optimist, so I like to think it's because this is the most ambitious game in the series ever. Ok, that's the background.
EA's decision to tackle the bugs for good will certainly be welcomed by the vocal elements online; the players who shout loudest about their grievances. Quite rightly so--it shows everyone that the problem is being taken seriously, and not swept under the figurative carpet.
However, if the latest slew of bugs in the new China Rising DLC (which launched for Premium subscribers on Tuesday) are any indication, then EA and DICE desperately need to stabilise Battlefield 4 before releasing any more 'stuff' into it. This isn't just about reputation and player experience--this is about knowing what you can and can't do within your own gaming environment. All these problems arising from the game's launch on not only existing consoles, but brand-new hardware too, are clearly showing DICE what does and doesn't work in Battlefield 4 online. And that will definitely influence the way it approaches future DLC.
There are clearly issues with some of the basic elements of Battlefield 4, which are causing coding conflicts to arise. In other words, some stuff just doesn't play nicely with other stuff, and the game can't handle that… and it crashes. Again, it's totally understandable that this is happening--you can't stress test most of that stuff, especially when you're dealing with (as DICE were earlier this year) non-final hardware. Equally, though, you need to address these issues before throwing more potential problems into the mix.
That's exactly what the guys and girls at DICE are doing, so credit to them. And yes, they get to win a PR battle too. It kills two (Little) Birds with one stone (IGLA). The battle now is to use this time to smash the majority of the bugs quickly. If this drags on, it won't just make the forum-threads angrier: it'll delay DLC and / or make it far less satisfying than DICE has planned for. And that would be a huge, huge shame.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Black Student in Kansas Sues School District for Racial Discrimination
Camille Sturdivant has filed a racial discrimination lawsuit against the Blue Valley School District for the abuse she was subjected to as a member of the high school dance team.
Sturdivant, who graduated from Blue Valley High School in Overland Park, Kan., in May 2018, has danced for practically her entire life. She's a national championship dancer. She's the epitome of Black excellence.
Sturdivant tried out for the Dazzlers dance team her freshman year, but didn't make it. Supposedly, freshmen usually didn't make the team. Sturdivant auditioned her sophomore year and earned a spot becoming one of two Black dancers on the 14-member team.
It appears that throughout Sturdivant's high school dance career, she was subjected to racist micro and macro aggressions, not only by her coaches, but her teammates. In 2017, Kevin Murakami, a former Dazzler and, at that time, a student at Pace University in New York, was choreographing a piece with Carley Fine, another coach of the team.
Murakami allegedly told the stunning dancer that her rich ebony skin was too dark and that it would distract the audience from the other dancers, if she performed. So he cut her from a contemporary dance number, which the team had been working on. He reportedly went further and said that her complexion clashed with the costumes.
'We felt it was systematic, that it was absolutely harassment'
Sturdivant's parents were livid.
"Our daughter came home and was a mess," Melodie Sturdivant said in the deposition filed in federal court. "She didn't even know how horribly wrong that was because she's never been told anything like that. We were stunned."
But the racist acts didn't stop there. Even the principal and associate assistant principal dismissed her parents' concern when they complained about what transpired in the dance class.
Melodie Sturdivant said the principal's only response to the skin color comment was that "Carley is allowed to pick who she wants in her own dance."
Apparently, grades were being given in this "class," which was an elective with no syllabus. Mike Sturdivant, Camille's father, said, "The girls didn't know what, exactly, they were being graded on. You've got Carley Fine running this program and handing out grades, and she's not even college educated," he said. "She shouldn't be giving the grades. She's still the assistant, and she's running the program."
The following year, Camille's senior year, she was allegedly told she couldn't dance in the national competition again based on her skin color. She was then informed that she would be the head alternate and would be put back in the dance, if anyone dropped out or got hurt. Another girl, who was in the dance, transferred to another school so that would have put her back in the performance. She was told by the head coach that she would have to try out again.
Mike Sturdivant had enough.
"We felt it was systematic, that it was absolutely harassment," he said in the deposition. "If you look at it a different way and say you've done all the things we told you to do to get the job, and then we offer you the job, but we're going to make you keep jumping through additional hoops so it never happens."
Camille auditioned again. She made the team and performed in the routine.
Carley Fine, who was now the head coach, tried to stop Camille from being recognized or performing every chance she got.
And, although she was subjected to constant degradation, the administrators at the school acted as if it was the Sturdivant's word against their "dedicated" coaches' word.
That is, until Fine made the dreaded mistake of having Camille take her phone to queue music for the freshmen performers. It was then Camille got concrete evidence of what her and her parents knew along she was targeted because she was Black and an outstanding dancer.
The senior had auditioned for the University of Missouri's dance team and she made the team. However, instead of being happy for the talented beauty, a hateful text exchange between Murakami and Fine took place.
Camille was smart enough to take a picture of the message with her phone and sent it to her parents.
"What hurt me the most was that she [Fine] is sick to her stomach that my daughter made the team," Melodie Sturdivant said. "What kind of hatred do you have that you're sick to your stomach that she achieved her dream"
"This was the only text message we saw, but how deep it runs, we have no idea," Mike Sturdivant said.
Now armed with "evidence," her parents sent the principal the screenshot and even hinted at posting the picture on social media. She asked them not to do it. Given the humiliation their daughter endured and the administration's lack of action, it seemed like sharing the screenshot would have been the fair thing to do. However, they granted her request.
Fine was finally terminated and can't ever work in the school district again. The obligatory email to parents went out, which stated: "The District expects staff to treat all students with respect at all times, and any report that this expectation has not been fulfilled is taken very seriously."
This didn't put an end to racial targeting though. A final team dinner and banquet was held but Camille's invitation must have gotten lost in the mail. The Sturdivant's weren't notified of the events but Fine was present at both.
A final photo of the dancers after their last performance is usually taken and shared on social media. All of the dancers appeared in the photo except the two Black students. Not only that, the white teammates had purple ribbons in the hair to show that they stood in solidarity with Fine.
That was the last straw for the family, and now a lawsuit has been filed.
1.pdf The lawsuit can be read here.


Nobody ever really appreciates having a washing machine in their homes. That is until they go someplace else and realize that they have to wash their clothes by hand. Maybe you are traveling across the country in an RV, or maybe you are off to college, and your mother is no longer around to do the laundry. Or maybe you just moved in a very small apartment and cannot accommodate a regular size washer, or you cannot afford it. Do you know what you need? A portable washing machine.
Perfect for apartments, singles, boats, RV's etc.
A portable washer is basically a miniature washing machine. Due to its size, it cannot perform the same tasks, like having many washing cycles or drying, but trust me when I say this. When you don't have a washing machine or a laundromat nearby, this little thing will give exactly what you need. It beats ruining your clothes by hand washing them.
I don't even know where to start. Ever since the portable washer was released, everybody uses it as the best alternative to hand washing. And here is why.
ü They are very small. They have a compact design that allows you to store it anywhere, even in small college dorms. You can put it in a closet or behind a door. Not to mention that it's very lightweight. You can move it around without breaking your back. Just take it out when you need it, and after you are done, put it back. You can take it with you onan extended camping trip, put it in an RV, or wherever you might need it. It's not called portable for nothing.
ü Most models don't need plumbing. That's logical if you think about it. Where would you find plumbing in the middle of the woods? But this feature is very helpful. You can add water yourself with a bucket or another container. You may not have water pipes laying around, but I am pretty sure you can find a spring or a lake. What's more is that these portable washing machines need very little water. Even hand washing requires more water than these small appliances.
ü Some don't even require electricity. That's right. They have a handle insert that you need to spin. Before thinking that it's too time-consuming for you, you don't have to rotate the handle for an hour and a half, like a regular washing machine cycle. Just a few minutes and you are done. It's not like you cannot check if that spot is gone. And if you think about the alternative, which is hand washing, isn't that more time-consuming? Furthermore, you won't develop detergent sores on your hands.
ü You will not ruin your clothes. I don't know if you ever had the chance to hand wash your clothes, but it can ruin your clothes. Not the washing per se, but if you want the clothes to dry this year, you have to squeeze as much water out of them as you can. This means that you have to twist the clothes until you can twist no more. As a result, your clothes will widen. Trust me, you don't want that.
What to look for in the best portable washing machine?
If you decided that you want a portable washer, choosing the right one may prove to be a little confusing. The reason for your confusion is totally understandable. There are so many models out there. How can you possibly know which one is the best portable washer? To begin with, you must know what you need. Ask yourself the next questions.
ü Do I need electricity to use it? That means you have to know where are you going to take the washer. Do you need it for camping or an RV trip? If yes, then a washing machine that does not require a power source, but is rather hand "activated," is what you need. But if you know that you are going to have a source of energy, an electric washing machine is best for you.
ü How much money do I have? The price range varies, but you should know that the electricportable washing machines are more expensive than the ones which have a spinning handle. If you can afford the first option, then you are all set, but if you don't, stick to your budget. It's more work, but as I said before, it beats washing your clothes by hand.
ü Do I need plumbing? Some portable washers can be connected to your house's plumbing system, but some don't need that. You can just add the water yourself. I believe that it comes in handy most of the times, especially when you are on the road or you are a college student who lives in a dorm. Just throw in as much water as the manufacturer recommends and you are done. It's a lot easier to connect the appliance to your water pipes, and you can leave it unattended, but if you don't have this possibility, supplying your washer with the water it needs to wash you clothes doesn't sound so bad. However, you need to be around for when the machine needs water to rinse and stuff like that.
ü Where am I going to put it? There are many models on the market, and they come in different shapes and sizes. Choose the one that can fit in a particular place where you live. Size is very important, but manufacturers provide measurements, so you should know exactly where to put it. The difference between the small ones and the bigger ones is the quantity of laundry you can wash in one cycle.
ü Is it easy to connect? If you want a portable washing machine and you want to connect it to your sink, make sure that you don't need an engineering degree. Look for one that comes with the necessary adapters and clear instructions.
What is the best portable washing machine?
Now that you know a little bit about them, is time to choose the best portable washer. You have here three excellent suggestions, so making a choice should not be that difficult.
You will need electricity for this one. This model is suited for people who have small homes/apartments, or college student who live in a dorm. It has a compact, topload design, it measures only 36 x 16.5 x 16.5 inches. You can put it in your kitchen if you like. It will blend in perfectly and, of course, will not occupy a lot of space.
The stainless steel tub can accommodate up to 6 pounds of laundry. I know that it's not very much, but you are looking for a portable washer, which means that 6 lbsare more than enough. It has 3 water levels and 3 wash cycles: heavy, normal, or quick. You can control the machine using the electronic controls with LED indicators.
Overall, this portable washer is silent. If you are a night owl, this device will help you. It may make loud sounds when it spins and is a bit overloaded, but other than that you can sleep with it in the next room and not hear a thing. The LEDs will show cycle status and end of thecycle. No matter where you decide to place it, the portable washer has adjustable leveling legs. Some people like to adjust it all the way up because the height of the machine is a bit smaller than countertops.
The casters are smooth-rolling, you won't have to carry it back to its storage space. You just push and pull it in whatever direction you want. It is very easy to install. You don't have to be a handyman (or woman) to do it. The package will contain a quick-connect sink adapter and an easy installation kit. Just read the manual, and you should not have any issues setting it up yourself. Read the instruction for use also. Click here to read more reviews and buy on Amazon.
The concept is not new, this is not the first lever operated washing machine, but unlike previous models, this one comes with a patent-ending E-Z lid lever that makes things a lot easier than the old cover screw design. Just like anything else, this too can evolve into something better.
As far as I am concerned, I believe that this model is perfect for boats, RVs, apartments, singles, and even for a dorm room. You can even wash small loads like clothes that you cannot throw in the washing machine and diapers. You too must own a few clothes in your closet that have a "not machine washable" printed on the label. Well, you can throw that type of clothes in the Laundry Alternative. They will not suffer damage.
And when you think about it, this washer is actually better for woolens, silks, knitted dresses and cashmere clothes that the regular washing machine because this small appliance is nothing else than a glorified hand washing, so to speak.
And you want to know something else? This portable machine uses a lot less water than any other alternative. It requires less water even than hand washing. You can also leave the clothes to soak in if they are particularly dirty. Since it uses no electricity, the investment and the annual cost are as low as it can possibly be. Click here to read more reviews and buy on Amazon.
What you will love about this portable washer is that it comes with a dryer option. It doesn't dry clothes like a regular dryer, but it will spin them enough to increase the speed of air drying. It will remain little to no water in them after this washer finishes the spin cycle.
The design is quite simple, it's a toploader with an easy access system. The wash capacity is 7.7 pounds, which is pretty good comparing to the other two models. But what I like the most is the transparent tub container window. It will allow you to see how the machine works.
You should know that this portable washer does not require any special fitting or plumbing. The manual will teach you step-by-step how to set it up and how to use it. But to be honest, this is one of the easiest to use portable machines. There is no hassle whatsoever. You just add the water and the detergent. Not to mention that the costs are minimal.
One thing may bother you, though. The hose may not be long enough for your setup. This is a common issue. But there is an easyfix. You can buy some extra clear tube from any store and replace the one that you get in the package. The adapters will fit just fine. Click here to read more reviews and buy on Amazon.
I don't really know what to base my recommendation on because each and every one of the models I talked about is best in a particular area. If you want to go camping where resources are non-existent, then The Laundry Alternative is the smartest choice. But if I had to generalize, I would go for the Pyle washer. It washes, it spins and almost dries, it has a larger capacity, which makes it the best portable washing machine as far as I am concerned.


text:
package scala.meta
package intellij

import java.io.File
import java.util.jar.Attributes.{Name => AttributeName}

import com.intellij.openapi.application.ApplicationManager
import com.intellij.openapi.module.{Module, ModuleUtilCore}
import com.intellij.openapi.project.{DumbService, Project}
import com.intellij.openapi.util.ModificationTracker
import com.intellij.openapi.util.io.JarUtil
import com.intellij.psi.{PsiElement, PsiFile}
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.lexer.ScalaTokenTypes
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.api.ScalaFile
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.api.base.ScPrimaryConstructor
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.api.expr.ScAnnotation
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.api.statements.ScAnnotationsHolder
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.api.toplevel.typedef.{ScMember, ScTemplateDefinition, ScTypeDefinition}
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.impl.base.ScStableCodeReferenceElementImpl
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.psi.stubs.elements.ScStubElementType
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.resolve.ScalaResolveResult
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.lang.resolve.processor.ResolveProcessor
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.macroAnnotations.{Cached, CachedInUserData, CachedWithRecursionGuard, ModCount}
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.project.settings.ScalaCompilerConfiguration
import org.jetbrains.plugins.scala.settings.ScalaProjectSettings

package object psi {

  @Cached(ModificationTracker.NEVER_CHANGED, null)
  private[this] def isMetaParadiseJar(pathName: String): Boolean = {
    import JarUtil._
    new File(pathName) match {
      case file if containsEntry(file, "scalac-plugin.xml") =>
        def attribute(nameSuffix: String) =
          getJarAttribute(file, new AttributeName(s"Specification-$nameSuffix"))

        attribute("Vendor") == "org.scalameta" &&
          attribute("Title") == "paradise"
      case _ => false
    }
  }

  private implicit class ScalaPsiElementExt(val repr: PsiElement) extends AnyVal {

    def isMetaEnabled: Boolean = repr.getContainingFile match {
      case file: ScalaFile if !file.isCompiled => file.isMetaEnabled(repr.getProject)
      case _ => false
    }
  }

  implicit class PsiFileExt(val repr: PsiFile) extends AnyVal {

    def isMetaEnabled(project: Project): Boolean =
      !ScStubElementType.isStubBuilding &&
        !DumbService.isDumb(project) &&
        (ApplicationManager.getApplication.isUnitTestMode ||
          findModule.exists(hasMetaParadiseJar))

    private def findModule = Option {
      ModuleUtilCore.findModuleForFile(repr.getOriginalFile)
    }

    private def hasMetaParadiseJar(module: Module) = ScalaCompilerConfiguration.instanceIn(repr.getProject)
      .getSettingsForModule(module)
      .plugins.exists(isMetaParadiseJar)
  }

  implicit class AnnotationExt(val repr: ScAnnotation) extends AnyVal {

    def isMetaMacro: Boolean = repr.isMetaEnabled && cached

    @CachedInUserData(repr, ModCount.getBlockModificationCount)
    private def cached: Boolean = repr.constructor.reference.exists {
      case reference: ScStableCodeReferenceElementImpl =>
        val processor = new ResolveProcessor(reference.getKinds(incomplete = false), reference, reference.refName)
        reference.doResolve(processor).collect {
          case ScalaResolveResult(definition: ScTypeDefinition, _) => definition
          case ScalaResolveResult(constructor: ScPrimaryConstructor, _) => constructor.containingClass
        }.exists(hasInlineAnnotation.unapply)
      case _ => false
    }
  }

  implicit class AnnotationHolderExt(val repr: ScAnnotationsHolder) extends AnyVal {

    def metaExpand: Either[String, Tree] =
      if (repr.isMetaEnabled) cached
      else Left("")

    @CachedWithRecursionGuard(repr, Left("Recursive meta expansion"), ModCount.getBlockModificationCount)
    private def cached: Either[String, Tree] = {
      import ScalaProjectSettings.ScalaMetaMode.Enabled
      ScalaProjectSettings.getInstance(repr.getProject).getScalaMetaMode match {
        case Enabled =>
          repr.annotations.find(_.isMetaMacro)
            .toRight("No meta annotation")
            .flatMap(MetaExpansionsManager.runMetaAnnotation)
        case _ => Left("Meta expansions disabled in settings")
      }
    }
  }

  object hasInlineAnnotation {

    def unapply(definition: ScTemplateDefinition): Boolean =
      definition.members.exists {
        case member if hasInlineModifier(member) => true
        case holder: ScAnnotationsHolder => holder.hasAnnotation("scala.meta.internal.inline.inline")
        case _ => false
      }

    private def hasInlineModifier(member: ScMember) =
      member.getModifierList.findFirstChildByType(ScalaTokenTypes.kINLINE) != null
  }

}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


As the earth heats up every year, the international community has begun to warm up to the idea of aligning their climate blueprints with their foreign policies. As the developing countries pushed for broader involvement from developed nations at the recently concluded UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNCC) in Paris, India once again became the spokesperson of the developing world, and is punching above its weight in its contribution to climate change mitigation.
While the world is talking about reducing carbon emissions, developing nations are facing the seemingly oxymoronic dilemma of combining development with environment-friendly policies. In its attempt to integrate the two, India submitted its document for action on climate change, the Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC), in October 2015. Submitted by 186 countries, this document details how a country plans to tackle climate change, keeping in mind domestic realities.
India's willingness and commitment to lead the cause for climate change is being commended by world leaders. Critics, however, dismiss some of India's proposed actions, such as its renewable energy targets, as being "overambitious." India's climate plan, which has been hailed by some as being better than the United States and the European Union, aims to reconcile the development versus sustainability debate by focusing on three major areas: increasing use of alternative energy resources for power generation, afforestation, and tapping foreign investors to fund its green projects.
The main highlight of India's INDC is its commitment to reduce its emission intensity by 33-35 percent over 2005 levels by 2030. Emission intensity is defined as the measure of emissions caused relative to economic output produced. So it is not actually cutting down on its emissions, but rather reducing its carbon intensity. India realizes its limitations as a growing economy, and has hence departed from the norm set by the developed countries and carved out its own path. Instead of centring its policy around consumption, it has chosen to focus on increasing efficiency.
One of the most important things that India could do to achieve this ambitious target is to extend its LED distribution policy to appliances that consume the most energy. This policy focuses on distributing energy-efficient LED bulbs as replacement for incandescent bulbs and CFLs. Already showing a significant impact on increasing domestic savings, and cutting carbon emissions, this shift is helping to save 68 lakh kilowatts of energy each day. In January, this program was implemented across Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Himachal Pradesh. It needs to be expanded beyond the urban areas, while the government could simultaneously subsidize LED lighting products. This program must be integrated with efforts for rural electrification, to ensure that clean energy is being produced.
India's INDC further promises to increase its carbon sink by 2.5 to 3 billion tonnes of CO2 through afforestation. A carbon sink means anything that absorbs more carbon than it releases. So far, India's policies have been effective. Commenting on India's carbon sink, Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change Prakash Javadekar said that though pollution in India is increasing, its forest cover and capacity to absorb carbon dioxide is increasing too. A lot of schemes such as the Green Highways policy, School Nursery Yojana, and Green India Mission are being implemented to increase forest cover. However, effective implementation of these policies in the long run needs to be ensured.
Apart from this, another strategy for green development is increasing the use of alternative energy sources. While India reiterated that it needs to use coal to meet its energy needs, it pledged to generate 40 percent of its total installed power capacity through non-fossil fuel sources by 2030. Signalling a paradigm shift, PM Modi's aggressive promotion of solar energy has led to the formation of a solar alliance, with 120 nations joining it. The aim of this alliance is to raise $400 million from member nations and multilateral agencies, to invest in solar energy research and use. This alliance could help in bringing electricity to rural India, and also connecting it to the solar grid. So far, India has invested an initial $30 million in setting up the alliance's headquarters in India. "India has emerged as the natural leader for this alliance, with its ambitious targets to install 175GW of renewable energy by 2022," said Arunabha Ghosh, of Council for Energy, Environment and Water, India.
However, for a developing nation like India, shifting to bio-mass, wind, hydro, or solar energy is a costly affair. To attract investments, India was seen lobbying at the Paris climate talks for transfer of technology and resources from developed nations. Putting the onus on developed nations, India declared that it needs $2.5 trillion between now and 2030 to implement its climate action plan. But the developed world has shown reluctance to offer clean technologies and financial assistance to India.
India believes in the concept of climate justice, that countries responsible for damaging the climate must own up to it, claim their responsibility, and contribute accordingly. Emphasizing the need to implement the polluter pays principle, India has urged the developed world to free up "carbon space" for the developing world to grow. But the developed world doesn't agree. India has also proposed that intellectual property rights costs be financed through the Green Climate Fund.
However, differences between the developed and developing world that remain could lead to inaction on an issue that affects the whole world. Leaders must recognize that the real agenda of the climate talks cannot be forgotten in furthering the blame game. The Paris agreement has been signed, but it remains to be seen if the countries manage to set aside their differences, and deliver on the promises made.
Ishita Dave is an undergraduate student of International Relations at the School of Liberal Studies, Pandit Deendayal Petroleum University, Gandhinagar. With an interest in culture, media, politics, and creative writing, she plans to pursue a career in journalism after graduation.
I was impressed by India's role in Paris.
Modi dispensed with the line of argument that climate change is the newest manifestation of post-colonial bullying and focused on how to reduce premature deaths in India related to bad air — estimated to be over one million per year by a study led by the Max Planck Institute.
Good for him, good for India.
I confused estimated premature deaths in China due to pollution with those in India. The estimate of the Max Plank Institute-led team for India is 650,000 annually.


text:
Михайлина Семенівна Голіната (за іншими джерелами Леся Володимирівна Мимсак) (13 листопада 1927, с. Стара Ягільниця Чортківського району Тернопільської області  — † 26 грудня 1949 ) — учасниця національно-визвольних змагань, секретарка-друкарка Кам'янець-Подільського окружного проводу ОУН.

Життєпис
Народилася в патріотично свідомій українській родині. Батько, Семен Голінатий, був активним членом «Просвіти», обирався до її проводу, був організатором товариства «Сокіл». У домі Семена Голінатого, досвідченого підпільника, члена ОУН з 1935 р., збиралися однодумці. У липні 1941 Михайлина із подругами ще підлітками включилися в активне громадське життя села, вивчали підпільну літературу. Особливу роль в усвідомленні визвольної боротьби відіграв Декалог  — десять заповідей українського націоналіста, дев'яту заповідь якого  — «Ні просьби, ні грозьби, ні тортури, ані смерть не приневолять тебе виявити тайни» — вони відважно виконали.

У 1944, коли знову Західну Україну поневоляли «визволителі» червоної Москви, три подруги  — Ярослава Хруставка, Емілія Бзова і Михайлина Голіната пішли в підпілля. Їхнє кредо  — останній патрон чи граната для себе.

У родині, крім Михайлини, була ще молодша сестра Іванна Голіната-Король, теж учасниця підпілля ОУН.

Участь в ОУН
Із 1943 — членкиня ОУН, розвідниця і медсестра Чортківського окружного проводу. Організовувала курси медсестер, пункт лікування поранених, збір медикаментів, перев'язочних матеріалів. У батьківському будинку відкрила склад медикаментів УПА.

У 1944—1948 була членкинею Копичинецького Проводу ОУН, провідницею надрайонного Українського Червоного Хреста.

У кінці 40-х років працювала розвідницею, зв'язковою, а також в Чортківській окружній типографії, що містилась в с. П'ятничанах Хмельницької області.

У 1948—1949 рр. «Тамара» перебувала в криївці у селі П'ятничани Орининського (зараз — Чемеровецького) району Хмельницької області, де містилась друкарня Кам'янець-Подільського окружного проводу ОУН. Тут вона друкувала тексти підпільних видань, множила їх на циклостилевому апараті, зшивала брошури, запаковувала у спеціальні торбинки, в яких вони передавалися для розповсюдження на території Кам'янець-Подільської, Вінницької та Київської областей. Через велику завантаженість покидати криївку «Тамара» могла лише зрідка.

Підпільна друкарня була виявлена чекістами вранці 26 грудня 1949 в садибі Васильківських у с. П'ятничани тодішнього Орининського району, Кам'янець-Подільської області, в кількох кілометрах від Скала-Подільська Тернопільської області. У бункері під будинком було вилучено друкарську техніку, радіоапарати, велику кількість підпільної літератури, важливі документи та листівки, які були надруковані для розповсюдження на території області та прилеглих територіях. Під час чекістської операції загинув керівник технічної ланки  — друкарні «ім. Я. Старуха» Кам'янець-Подільського окружного проводу ОУН Гнибіда Петро Васильович — «Наступ» 227. Разом з ним в бункері перебувала підпільниця «Тамара», секретарка-друкарка Кам'янець-Подільського окружного проводу ОУН.

Голінату захопили в полон та важко поранили. Чекісти хотіли будь-якою ціною вилікувати її, щоб відтак на допитах отримати від неї важливу інформацію про підпілля. Хірург успішно зробив їй складну операцію, але Михайлина Голіната обрала смерть, а не співпрацю з ворогом, та вночі скинула бандажі і розірвала операційну рану, внаслідок чого, стікаючи кров'ю, померла у 23 роки.

Примітки

Джерела
 Ніколаєва Наталія. Підпільні друкарні ОУН та їх ліквідація каральними органами СРСР в 1944—1954 рр.  Літопис УПА. Серія «Події і люди». Книга 20.

Кам'янець-Подільський окружний провід ОУН
Діячі ОУН
Медсестри УПА
Уродженці Старої Ягільниці

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


text:
create table RELATIONSHIP (
    RELATION_ID int not null auto_increment,
    UPDATED_AT timestamp not null,
    CREATED_AT timestamp not null,
    RELATIONNAME varchar(50) not null,
    constraint RELATIONSHIP_PK primary key(RELATION_ID)
);


text:
<?php
return array (
  'Add Modules' => 'Adicionar Módulos',
  'Next' => 'Avançar',
);


Sidney Secord Mitchell was born in Westmeath, Ontario. He was educated in Montreal and joined the RCAF in February 1941. Sidney trained as a pilot and spent his early years as an instructor serving at the following RCAF Stations: Rivers, Manitoba; Camp Borden, Ontario; and St Hubert, Quebec. In August 1944 he was posted overseas.
Sidney led a Halifax crew during Heavy Conversion training and was assigned to 429 Squadron at RAF Station Leeming. On the 29 December 1944 his crew was lost over enemy territory. He was reported as a Prisoner of War on 25 Jan 1945 and held at Stalag Luft 1, Barth located in north eastern Germany near the Baltic Sea. The Camp was liberated by the Soviets on 01 May 1945 and Sidney was repatriated to Canada.
Following a period of recovery Sidney returned to instructional duties at RCAF Stations Camp Borden and Centralia Ontario. In March 1946, he was appointed Rail Transport Officer at Montreal. He then completed a course at the Composite Training School located at RCAF Station Trenton. In March 1947, he was transferred to the Regular Force Support Unit at RCAF Station St Hubert where he supervised air and ground training for both 401 and 438 Auxiliary Squadrons. In August 1950, Sidney was appointed resident Staff Officer at McGill University Montreal.
In 1951, Sidney was appointed Chief Flying Instructor at the Maritime Operational Training Unit located at RCAF Station Greenwood, Nova Scotia. In 1953 he was selected to attend the RCAF Staff College, Toronto. Upon graduation he was promoted to Wing Commander and assigned to the Directorate of Air Defence Requirements at RCAF Headquarters, Ottawa.
Promoted to the acting rank of Group Captain, in July 1957 Sidney assumed the duties of Air Attaché at the Canadian Embassy, Moscow. Following this tour and his conversion to the CP107 Argus, he was appointed Commanding Officer of 415 Squadron. The Squadron's mascot is affectionately named after him – Sidney the Swordfish.
On 5 September 1964, W/C Mitchell assumed the duties of Base Operations Officer. After serving one year in this post, he retired from the RCAF on 25 September 1965.


Yesterday, my grand-nephew showed me, once again, how play and strength are the driving forces in boys becoming the men they were born to become.
We're sitting in the Whistle Stop Restaurant in Birmingham, MI for lunch after a rousing two hour stint at the Robot Garage just down the street. Located just off the local train line, the restaurant has toy wooden trains and tracks to play with. Four year old Tyler grabbed a box of trains when we went to sit down, set up his trains and went into action telling me the story as he played. Our feet were touching each other under the table. Bingo! He starts swinging his leg, kicking my foot up into the air, eyes twinkling, watching for what I'm going to do next. As my foot comes down, he kicks again. And again. And again, all the time watching. What am I going to do? Will I "take it" or "do something?" I smiled and said, "you're having fun kicking" and he nodded his head – and kicked again. This time, I pushed back with my foot, just enough that he could feel the force pressing against his own foot. Instantly, a smile opens across his face and his eyes sparkle even more. He kicks harder, I press back matching his force. Back and forth we go. He feels his strength met by my strength just enough to feel its safe presence without dominating and controlling him. With a smile and nod of the head, he's done and back to the trains. The kicking game over for now.
There was no malice. There was no intent to harm. No meanness. Or rudeness or disrespect or any of the other common perceptions of boy play. There was a challenge – really an invitation to play and feel, in the play, his strength met by my adult strength safely, securely, positively and peacefully. The play mission over. The strength mission accomplished. All was well.


text:
Free Essays Book Review Book Review: Why Nations Fail - The Origin of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
Book Review: Why Nations Fail - The Origin of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty
Acemoglu & Robinson (2011) wrote a book Why Nations Fail. The Origin of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty to explain key factors that create disparities that exist between developed and developing countries. The authors establish a connection between economic development and political environments that avail equal development opportunities to all citizens. These environments exhibit zero tolerance to corruption and all types of impunity. According to Acemoglu & Robinson, developed countries have embraced an open pluralistic political system where there is vetting and competition of candidates for elective posts. Moreover, political environment is not harsh to new political leaders, and a widespread electorate freely participates in voting. The authors have cited models of developed nations such as Britain and the United States. They also discussed models of poor states with undemocratic political institutions including Zimbabwe, North Korea, Sierra Leone, Egypt, Tunisia, and other nations in the Arab world. However, even in developed countries, the elite accumulates wealth at the expense of the poor. Civil strife has been exhibited in the developed world on account of poverty and unemployment. This is well exemplified by recent riots in Britain due to poverty and unemployment.
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Thesis statement: I disagree with the authors regarding the idea that political emancipation is a remedy for socioeconomic disparities in developed countries. There is a need to address underlying factors such as neocolonialism, capitalism, poverty, and unemployment.
The authors begin by discussing civil unrest that began in Tunisia and sprawled over Arab world. Citizens were discontent with tyrannical regimes that perpetuated impunity over generations. Regarding the case of Egypt Acemoglu & Robinson (2011) claim:
The country is poor precisely because it has been ruled by a narrow elite that have organized society for their own benefit at the expense of the vast mass of people. Political power has been narrowly concentrated, and has been used to create great wealth for those who possess it, such as the $70 billion accumulated by ex-president Mubarak.
Consequently, the masses are impoverished because wealth is accumulated by those in political office. The electorate had minimal influence on policy making and administration. The authors contend:
It is indeed difficult for ordinary citizens to acquire real political power and change the way their society works. But it is possible; we will see how this happened in England, France and the United States, and also in Japan, Botswana and Brazil. Fundamentally, it is a political transformation of this sort that is required for a poor society to become rich.
"Poor society", as described by the authors, is present in all countries of the world. For many generations, even in modern capitalist system, the bourgeois control wealth. The authors claim that cited developed countries are models of economic splendor. Even with political emancipation in these developed countries, poverty and unemployment rates continue to escalate. In Britain, people went to the streets to protest against rising unemployment and poverty rates. Affected towns included Nottingham, London, Bristol, Birmingham, Liverpool, Manchester, and Gillingham. Riots were perpetrated by young, poor, unemployed youths. Most interesting is that these riots have been likened to those that have occurred in Athens, Tripoli, Damascus, and Cairo. Evidently, the poor are getting poorer, and disparity between poor and rich is getting bigger in Britain. Moreover, social welfare is diminishing, and minorities are worst hit by poverty. The blunt of economic recession is getting shifted downwards to poor masses. In the European Union, relief budgets for protecting the poor have been created in order to safeguard corporate profit margins. Protesters in England were condemning the austerity budget proposed by the government, which included a strategy to cut public spending by £80 billion. The government appears insensitive to inflation and the plight of the masses. This discontent is felt by poor society in all developed countries.
The authors fail to acknowledge the role of capitalism in misfortunes of developing countries. Capitalism plays a major role in wealth distribution. It has great impact on social standing of the masses. In capitalist systems production is profit-driven and private ownership of production means gives owners the power to determine wealth distribution. Distribution of wealth in a capitalist system via union contracts and government spending is ineffective in ending class inequality. Capitalists own the means and products of production. Capitalism systems do not promote the welfare of laborers. Marx confidently asserted that capitalism only served the elite at the expense of the working force. If capital grows rapidly, wages may rise, but the profit of capital rises disproportionately faster. The material position of the worker has improved, but at the cost of his social position. The social chasm that separates him from the capitalist has widened. People in developing countries can be emancipated from corrupt regimes, but their social status will not improve in capitalist system. There is a need to address these social inadequacies that prevail in capitalist systems.
African nations Zimbabwe and Sierra Leone have been worst impacted by poverty. Tyrannical governments have contributed to civil strife, and this has led to depletion of rich natural resources by corrupt individuals. The authors attribute low economic standing to abuse of power by dictatorial administrations. They claim (Acemoglu & Robinson, 2011):
Whether it is North Korea, Sierra Leone or Zimbabwe, poor countries are poor for the same reason that Egypt is poor. Countries such as Great Britain and the United States became rich because their citizens overthrew the elites who controlled power and created a society where political rights were much more broadly distributed.
However, in addition to the wanting administration, these countries are also reeling from the effects of neocolonialism. In the case of Zimbabwe, large territories of land and mining rights were held by whites even after independence. Britain has promoted policies of economic liberalization, property rights, and lawful procedures, but this has been a stumbling block to fair land distribution. This so called economic liberalization defended interests of wealthy landed classes, who emerged during the colonial era. This land policy in post-independence Zimbabwe led to a creation of an economically and politically unstable state.
President Mugabe enforced radical land reforms that saw the ejection of white settlers from large territories of land. What followed was the imposition of strict economic sanctions that caused massive inflation. In 2001, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) blocked Zimbabwe from accessing its resources. Later that year, the Zimbabwe Democracy and Economic Recovery Act was signed into law by President Bush. This law required US representatives in international financial institutions to block any attempt of Zimbabwe for loan and credit as well as loan and credit extension. Moreover, the US would not guarantee any credit application by Zimbabwe. The law authorized the president to take a drastic step to fund opposition media and so called governance programs against the government of Zimbabwe. The move has significantly distorted risk profile assessment of Zimbabwe by financial markets. Zimbabwean companies were not able to access offshore credit lines and operated solely on cash up front basis. British government has also used its influence to block Zimbabwe from accessing credit. Britain has also threatened to withdraw aid from neighboring Southern nations if they fail to impose sanctions on Zimbabwe.
Concerning the situation in Sierra Leone, infamous blood diamonds were not only used by Sierra Leone military and rebel groups. These diamonds continue to be exploited by international terror groups, global criminal networks as well as legitimate transnational companies. Corporate neocolonialists also continue to exploit diamonds of Sierra Leone. This has greatly restricted nation's economic and social growth.
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In conclusion, tyrannical administrations have accumulated wealth at the expense of poor masses. The authors of the book discussed political emancipation and the set up of inclusive institutions that will serve the common good. Extractive institutions have been found in communist regimes, such as the one in North Korea, and dictatorial administrations such as Sierra Leone and Zimbabwe. However, factors, such as capitalism and neocolonialism, have led to increased poverty rate in these developing countries. Neocolonialism has lead to civil war in Sierra Leone. Trade sanctions on Mugabe regime had detrimental effects on citizens of Zimbabwe. The country has suffered greatly from inflation, and growth of Zimbabwe has been stifled. Even in democratic environments capitalism promotes enrichment of the elites, who own means of production and resulting products.
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What does Judy Jones Represent or Symbolize for Dexter in Fitzgerald's "Winter Dreams"? Steve Jobs Book Review
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Our athlete's results and improvement is a testament to the strong coach-athlete bond that our coaches foster and cultivate. Read what our athletes are saying about their coaches.
I've been impressed with the level of communication and expertise that's monitoring my training.
Training calendar revisions, power-data, metrics, yeah its all there, plus they know the sport of cycling thru and thru and understand the challenges I'm facing.
Knowing that my training and performance is monitored so closely gives me confidence. Try them out and you'll kick yourself for not doing so sooner.
When I first started working with Jake, he basically told me some hard truths after looking at my data over the previous year.
The biggest change that I needed to make was stay away from Zone 1 unless the intent of the workout is recovery.
With that in mind, we set daily and even hourly TSS targets. I find this especially beneficial when doing long rides as it keeps me on track.
I feel like I am much more fit as a result of increasing my intensity and doing more targeted power training.
I always receive great constructive feedback from Jake which helps me to understand where I am at in my training.
First, I'll admit that I probably get more excited than I should about increasing power numbers during training. The races is obviously when it matters.
So, sorry to clutter your box, but I there's no one around I can tell this to that won't either fall asleep listening, or think me an annoying braggart.
In this morning's workout I knocked out my best peak power for all values 1 – 10 minutes all within my first start effort!
I could barely imagine seeing numbers like some those 6 months ago.
Thank you for all your help (and putting up with me when I was in a less than stellar place for the first 1/2 the season).
I'm already excited for what could happen next season.
Your ability to analyze my workouts, give me continual feedback, pinpoint my weaknesses and provide the tools necessary to improve on those weaknesses has been invaluable.
You are the most skilled cycling coach I have ever worked with and I am very thankful to bec a FasCat Athlete.
I worked with another coach for about a year before coming back to FasCat.
I decided to stop working with them for 2 reasons: 1. cost and 2. the huge amount of hours he required for me to put in (I did them but it caused life conflicts) which was not realistic due to family and work obligations.
And this was a highly reputable coach.
With that, I want to let you know that Frank is awesome, 5 stars for sure.
I like his coaching style, and I feel he is very experienced in training XC Mtb'rs that race road as well.
Accountability, and the huge knowledge base you guys have are the primary reasons why I chose FasCat and I appreciate F 's efforts.
"I started working with FasCat in the middle of March, 2014. At that time my 20 minute threshold power was ~220 watts. In just 2 months, working out 7-14 hours per week, I have increased my threshold power to 270+ watts! FasCat has designed really fun workouts, with lots of variety and every week is different. He also throws in road/mountain and other free form group road rides because he knows I have two biking passions. We have an excellent line of communication that makes training both really fun and very effective As a result, I am getting noticeably stronger in all phases of bike riding after each training block. I am totally blown away about the, quick results I have been able to achieve. I would highly recommend FasCat Coaching.
I've been working with FasCat Coaching for a few months.
I was pointed towards them, after reading an article written by another coach that is unaffiliated with them, saying that anytime he needs to critically think through an athlete's training, Frank Overton (the owner) is the first person he calls.
Frank has been awesomely professional and personal in all of my contact with him. My personal coach has been phenomenal in building my training/workout plans, and has been helping me come back strongly from a minor injury and setback. Bottom line, these folks have been amazing.
My legs have never felt stronger in the off season", and I'm looking forward to seeing what gains we make from here, on the bike. If you're thinking about some coaching, visit their website take a look.
I just wanted to say thank you ! You your team has been awesome!
I'm amazed on one phone call how much you were able to make active in my training calendar.
Thank you – I really feel my training calendar is designed for me!
AWESOME coaches. Very supportive and positive, and really takes into consideration my stressful life and interests when planning my workouts.
As a result, I'm getting stronger and stronger in such a short amount of time due to my coaches training plan for me.
As I mentioned, I was struggling in my riding performance before signing on with FasCat Coaching; and now I'm achieving personal bests! I'm extremely stoked with FasCat Coaching!
Little things like receiving an email of encouragement, wishing me good luck, and reinforcing that I'm ready (from a training perspective) is exactly what I want from a coach, and my Coach never fails to make my time on the bike fun!
Being a full-time desk jockey and a full time wanna be pro cyclist made training pretty much impossible.
FasCat has helped me plan around my crazy life schedule to get on the right path to fulfill my wanna be pro cyclist ambitions.
I can't thank them enough for this and all the advice that has come with it.
Coach Allen is very accessible and has answered my emails/taken my calls/commented on my workouts immediately-basically in real time.
That was something I was missing from my previous coach and one of the big reasons I went with you guys. So far you are living up to and exceeding my expectations.
A BIG win yesterday in the crit race. Loaded field with a few domestic pros thrown in.
Bridged to break in first 5-10 minutes, break of 8 stuck for rest of race, went with every move, attacked break when my pull came up with 1/2 lap to go, went hard for 10 seconds and got a gap then just held until the finish. TEXT BOOK!
All the crit/ sprint workouts you have me doing are absolutely working.
I notice a huge difference in my crit abilities this year, not just my sprint, but all aspects of the race.
My confidence in my fitness has also allowed me to take more calculated risks which have been paying off.
The win also puts me in the series leader jersey, so I'm wearing the yellow jersey just like Froome!!!
Check out the file, THANKS ! ! ! !
I have read several comments from people working with FasCat Coaching and their coaches.
I would like to add my experience with FasCat and coach Isaiah Newkirk.
I am 64 years old and have always been active athletically.
I do a fair amount of riding and each summer finds me in Aspen for a month from my home in St Louis.
I have improved my power test by about 23% and my fitness level considerably.
I continue to improve and Isaiah's coaching has been invaluable.
To my coach Nadia Sullivan who taught me to believe in my abilities, and push myself to do things I had never done before.
You knew my weaknesses, my physical limitations, my training injuries, my surgeries (all eight of them), my nutrition concerns, and prepared me as best you could.
I would never have been able to get to the starting and finishing line of an IronMan without you!
You prepared me for a race I never thought possible, and made an impossible dream come true. THANK YOU!


As Korea's premier English-language network, Arirang broadcasts three channels: Arirang World, Arirang Korea and Arirang UN. Our network strives to be Korea's messenger to the world as we promote and share our culture with viewers in more than 103 countries who enjoy our programming. Arirang TV is viewed in 138 milliones households on every continent through ten broadcast satellites.


Contact Us | CENTRAL VALLEY ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE, INC.
Your comments and concerns are important to us. Feel free to call, e-mail, stop by our office, or fill out the form below.
Office hours are 8:00 am. to 5:00 p.m. Monday through Friday.
PLEASE DO NOT REPORT AN OUTAGE OR EMERGENCY THROUGH E-MAIL OR SOCIAL MEDIA. PLEASE CONTACT US BY PHONE AT 575-746-3571.
PLEASE DO NOT REPORT AN OUTAGE OR EMERGENCY THROUGH THE FORM BELOW. PLEASE CONTACT US BY PHONE AT 575-746-3571.


text:
import flask
blueprint = flask.Blueprint('admin', __name__, template_folder='templates')

import ruddock.modules.admin.routes


text:
Federal Family Violence Orders scheme doesn't have all the answers
While the Law Council of Australia is pleased the Legal and Constitutional Affairs Legislation Committee's report into the Family Law Amendment (Federal Family Violence Orders) Bill 2021 acknowledges some of the concerns voiced by the profession, the proposed scheme still fails to address what victims of family violence need – that is, the capacity to make immediate orders at the time protections are most needed.
President of the Law Council, Dr Jacoba Brasch QC, said "when the proposed scheme does not contemplate a system for interim orders, it will fail to meet the key underlying purpose of assisting victims of family violence to obtain assistance and protections, when they need it.
"Unless the courts build a separate list so FFVO applications can be heard urgently, on a final basis, victims of family violence will continue to need to turn to the state and territory courts for urgent protection. That also means victims will be telling their story more than once, which defeats an aim of the draft Bill."
"A stated purpose and objective of this Bill will not be realised, if the courts are not supported to offer FFVOs to victims of family violence sooner than the time the rest of their family law case is heard; often two or more years after the case starts.
"Whether FFVOs are heard separately, or part of the wider case, either way the committee acknowledged our concern about the additional workload that the proposed scheme will impose on the federal family law system and the exacerbation of resourcing constraints, including in relation to legal aid funding.
"The committee acknowledged the Law Council's call on government to commit to additional resourcing of the family law system to address any funding shortfalls caused by the implementation of the FFVO scheme.
"The report has also adopted recommendations from the Law Council, that government consider the implementation of explicit safeguards to constrain people from playing one court off against another for strategic gain.
"This follows concerns voiced by the Law Council and other stakeholders that the proposed new scheme may provide perpetrators of family violence an avenue to delay the determination of family violence issues.
"We welcome the committee's recommendation that careful further consideration be given to the accessibility of FFVOs for applicants located in regional and remote areas."
Read media release here.
Media Release Family Law Family Violence
Model Definition of 'Family Violence'
Family Law | Advancing the Profession | Family Violence
Commonwealth, states and territories must lift minimum age of criminal responsibility to 14 years, remove doli incapax
Media Release | Criminal Law | Child Welfare


You could buy a child a Nintendo Wii, yet another Webkinz or the Hannah Montana nine-piece accessory set, complete with hair extension, for the holiday season.
Or you could give a gift that makes one explore and wonder, puzzle and discover, though she�ll be having too much fun to notice.
You can do it inexpensively, too, no small consideration in these challenging economic times. Here are seven educational gifts for a range of ages, all of which cost less than $30.
The principles of art, science and architecture color, balance, proportion, structure can be explored with these interlocking cubes and squares that offer a twist on the classic building block. They also encourage spatial development and problem solving. The Dado products are multi-award winning for three years running and are made in the United States.
This is for young scientists, boys and girls alike. The kit uses the medium of color to introduce children to three basic scientific skills: measuring, observing and classifying. Kids can create colored snow, make colored crystals and �grow� garbled marbles from small beads. Ages 4-up.
Where to get it: http://www.discoverthis.com; http://www.kazootoys.com.
The answers are blowin� in the wind, and with this weather station your child can provide them, as he learns how to measure wind speed, temperature, humidity, air pollution, rain and rain pH and to record and forecast weather. (Requires 3 AAA batteries and 2 AA batteries, which aren�t included.) Ages 8-up.
Where to get it: http://www.highlights.com; http://www.amazon.com.
In 2003, Tetsuya Miyamoto, a Japanese math instructor, invented KenKen to help his students learn math and develop logical thinking. New York Times crossword puzzle editor Will Shortz calls KenKen �the most addictive puzzle since sudoku.� Shortz�s KenKen book for kids hits store shelves this week.
Where to get it: http://www.amazon.com, Barnes & Noble, Borders.
Price: $7.95 for adult books, $5.95 for kids books.
New York Times crossword puzzle creator Patrick Merrell has filled this book with avian puzzles, including crosswords and word puzzles. There�s also trivia. Who knew a dodo bird in �Alice in Wonderland� represented Lewis Carroll, because that was his childhood nickname?
Where to get it: http://www.amazon.com, Barnes & Noble, http://www.IndieBound.org.
This is the antidote to the hyper-consumerism of the holidays. You can teach your children compassion and selflessness by providing them with a gift budget and copies of catalogs from such organizations as World Vision or Heifer International, from which a variety of poverty-fighting items can be bought. World Vision is an international Christian humanitarian organization, and Heifer International is a nonsectarian charity. From World Vision, your child can give family survival gifts for those displaced by flooding in Haiti or India, a goat for starving people in Kenya or five ducks that will produce hundreds of protein-rich eggs throughout the year. Similarly, from Heifer International, they can buy livestock from chicks to heifers or donate to special projects throughout the world aimed at helping communities become self-sustaining while conquering hunger and poverty. In the process, kids can learn about a country and its people.
Where to get it: http://www.worldvision.org; http://www.heifer.org.
This update of the popular game Cranium will help kids of all ages discover their talents or lack thereof. They�ll sketch, sculpt, think, solve, act, laugh and, hopefully, not cry. Ages 12-up.
Where to get it: Retailers such as KB Toy & Hobby, Target, Toys �R� Us and Wal-Mart.


Autumn just got more awesome with this bountiful crate of seasonally inspired treats. Includes 12 original cookies, 24 brownie bites, 4 chocolate-covered graham crackers, 6 butter caramels, and 4 oz. apple toffee popcorn.


Now that the dining table is protected with these large Layer Round Placemats in natural, you can move on to the other cork. The champagne.
Care Instructions: Wipe clean with a damp cloth. Do not soak in water. Do not bend. Do not use placemats as hot pot stands.


Feel free to send an email if you have questions.
Welcome to my web site. I'm excited to share the LegalShield opportunity with you.
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Every year the University offers several bursaries and scholarships to students. Geography students should take particular note of the Ong Cho Tek Memorial Bursaries awarded annually. These bursaries are awarded to students in our Faculty, of whom one must be a Geography student. Geography Honours year students may apply for the Ooi Jin Bee Scholarship which is awarded to one student from the Honours class annually.
A full list of bursaries, scholarships, loans, etc. can be found in the NUS publication Scholarships, Bursaries, Medals, Prizes, Loan Funds. Relevant forms and specific application requirements for these monetary grants can be obtained from the Registrar or the Dean's office at the beginning of the academic year. Bursaries are not based on academic performance per se; they are granted to students mainly on the basis of financial predicament and needs. Students with financial difficulties are advised to apply for a bursary without hesitation. Scholarships, however, are granted to students based on academic performance and participation in extra-curricular activities in the University. All bursaries and scholarships are valued at $1,500 and $3,000 per annum respectively. Please check with the Registrar's Office for the closing date for applications of scholarships and bursaries.
The Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography (SJTG) offers the SJTG Student Advancement Scholarship to recognize and reward second-year Geography students who are academically bright and financially needy.
Since 1957, the Department has awarded the University of Singapore Geographical Society Gold Medal annually to the top student(s) for the Honours examination. The award is now known as the National University of Singapore Geographical Society Gold Medal. In addition, the Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography Book Prize is awarded yearly to the top Geography student in the Final B.A. Examination. Departmental book prizes are also awarded to the top Geography students in the First and Second Year Examination for the Degree of Bachelor of Social Sciences.
Mr Lin Weiqiang had been awarded the Wang Gungwu Medal and Prize for the academic year 2009-2010 for the Best Masters thesis in the Social Sciences/Humanities (including Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences, School of Business, School of Design & Environment, Faculty of Law and Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy). He was presented with a medal and cash prize on 20 August 2010. His masters thesis is entitled "Flexible Citizenship or Serendipitous Journeys?: A Study on Singaporeans' Transmigrations to and from the United States".
Nafisah bte Abd Hamed from our graduating Honours Class 2008 has been awarded an Outstanding Undergraduate Researcher Prize.


The images, taken in Southland, show a number of wetlands on private land completely or partly disappearing in the seven years from 2007-2014.
"This is our national shame. The rate and extent of wetland destruction in New Zealand has been recognised as among the highest in the world," says Annabeth Cohen, Forest & Bird's Freshwater Advocate.
Ms Cohen says wetlands play a vital ecological role, providing unique habitat for threatened plants, birds, and fish. A fifth of native bird species use wetlands as their primary habitat.
Since 2001, at least 13 percent of New Zealand's freshwater wetlands, have been damaged or destroyed. This includes 214 wetlands that are completely gone and another 746 that were partially destroyed between 2001-2015.
Ms Cohen says national regulations are inadequate to protect wetlands. As a result, regional council plans are highly inconsistent and some allow wetlands to be drained, cleared of vegetation, or opened up to livestock.
A recent study on wetland loss in New Zealand is the first to categorise wetlands as 'at risk' of being destroyed due to the presence of drainage channels (as seen in the aerial images). This drainage work is often associated with the increase in dairy farming.
The theme of this year's World Wetlands Day recognises the significant role wetlands play in fighting climate change.
The aerial images were prepared for a report for Environment Southland by Richard Ewans, Eco-South, and have been shared with permission from Environment Southland.
Less than 10 percent of New Zealand's original extent of wetlands remain.
There are no figures indicating national wetland destruction since 2015.
The National Policy Statement (NPS) on Freshwater Management is being reviewed by Minister David Parker this year and is the most immediate opportunity to strengthen wetland protection.
A draft NPS on Indigenous Biodiversity has been developed by key stakeholders (including Forest & Bird) and presented to Minister Nanaia Mahuta and would also provide much greater protections for wetlands.
Table 1: Forest & Bird, QGIS estimation of total freshwater wetlands (ha) and private land wetlands (ha) per region and nationally. This data will contain a degree of inaccuracy due to the imprecise knowledge of wetlands on private land. See data sources below.
Since 2001, more than 15 percent of wetlands in Auckland, Waikato, Gisborne, Manawatu-Whanganui, Wellington, Marlborough, and Canterbury have been damaged (reduced in size) or destroyed.
West Coast is the largest wetland region in New Zealand, and has damaged the largest area of wetlands in hectares. Nearly 11,000 hectares have reduced in size since 2001.
Canterbury has damaged the second largest area of wetlands since 2001. Nearly 6,000 hectares of wetlands have reduced in size.
Both Waikato and Southland have damaged around 4,000 hectares of wetlands each since 2001.
Since 2001, seven percent of wetlands (just under 1,000 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 6,500 hectares (46 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, 20 percent of wetlands (just over 5,000 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are approximately 1,800 hectares (72 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, 15 percent of wetlands (just over 4,200 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 10,600 hectares (38 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, eight percent of wetlands (just over 250 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 2,500 hectares (78 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, three percent of wetlands (just over 80 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 2,300 hectares (97 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, 18 percent of wetlands (170 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 870 hectares (97 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, eight percent of wetlands (230 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 1,600 hectares (53 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, 17 percent of wetlands (nearly 1,200 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 4,900 hectares (70 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, 37 percent of wetlands (1,000 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 1,600 hectares (57 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, four percent of Tasman wetlands (over 180 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Nelson only has 3 hectares of wetlands currently.
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 800 hectares (16 percent) of wetlands on private land in the Nelson and Tasman areas combined.
Since 2001, 20 percent of wetlands (just over 300 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 690 hectares (53 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, 29 percent of wetlands (just over 5,800 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 9,200 hectares (48 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, twelve percent of wetlands (over 10,700 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 12,100 hectares (14 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, nine percent of wetlands (2,300 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 11,000 hectares (46 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Since 2001, eight percent of wetlands (nearly 4,000 hectares) have been partially destroyed (reduced in size).
Forest & Bird estimates that there are about 11,100 hectares (24 percent) of wetlands on private land.
Belliss, S, Shepherd, J, Newsome, P, & Dymond, J (2017). An analysis of wetland loss between 2001/02 and 2015/16. Landcare Research Contract Report LC2798 for the Ministry for the Environment.
Ewans, Richard. Environment Southland Wetland Inventory and Monitoring Project: Monitoring Wetland Extent Outside of Public Conservation Land and Assessment of Wetland Status in the Southland Region. Eco-South and Environment Southland, 2018.
Myers, Shona C. A Biodiversity Planning Snapshot - How Well Are Councils Protecting Biodiversity? NZ Ecological Society Conference, Wellington 2018.
Myers, S.C., et al. Wetland Management in New Zealand: Are Current Approaches and Policies Sustaining Wetland Ecosystems in Agricultural Landscapes? Ecological Engineering, vol. 56, 2013, pp. 107–120., doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2012.12.097.
Robertson, Hugh, et al. Loss of Wetlands since 1990 in Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Ecology, 2018, doi:10.20417/nzjecol.43.3.


Do you want to Help out your lodge and be nominated to be a Trustee? Please email our Exalted Ruler at exaltedruler@ballardelks.org and let it be known. Your lodge needs your help.
Our incoming Exalted Ruler will also be seeking enthusiastic members to help out with appointed positions like the Tiler or our various committees. Please take the time to help your lodge.
This entry was posted in News & Publicity, Blog and tagged Ballard Elks, Ballard Officer on February 28, 2018 by admin.


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A 9-year-old boy has been left with a gruesome hole in his leg after a suspected poisonous spider bite allegedly ate away at the flesh on his limb, leaving him susceptible to serious infection. Bobby Cleary's mother told SWNS that her son first complained of itchy swelling on April 1, but they initially didn't suspect anything serious.
"I put some Savlon on it and didn't think much more of it," Emma Barnett, of Essex, told the news outlet. But when the boy was at school several days later, his teachers called to tell her he was limping, and that the wound had started oozing.
She claims her doctor gave the boy antihistamine and a pain reliever before bandaging his leg and telling them not to worry. But the following day, Bobby's grandmother called Barnett to tell her that the dressing had filled with fluid and they rushed the boy to the emergency room.
Barnett said that she panicked when she saw the hole in her son's leg.
But over the weekend Bobby's wound worsened, and when they removed the dressing found a gaping hole.
"I panicked, I never seen anything like it," Barnett told SWNS.
At this point, she threw out the theory that the bite was from a harmless gnat, and started suspecting a poisonous spider. Barnett took her son back to the hospital where he was placed on an IV drip to flush out the poison.
Barnett said that as an infant, her son contracted an infection that now makes him more susceptible to developing sepsis, a potentially life-threatening condition caused by the body's reaction to an infection. As a result, she told SWNS that she will have to monitor her son for the next few months to ensure the wound doesn't become infected.
Spider bites are typically harmless, with black widow spider and the brown recluse spider usually named as prime suspects in bites that result in complications. Barnett reportedly suspects a black widow spider bit her son, but brown recluse spider bites can cause a sting or sharp pain, and cause surrounding skin to die within a few hours, according to the Mayo Clinic.
It may also be difficult to tell spider bites apart from other insect bites initially due to similar appearance.