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OTD: Petition to add Canadian women to forthcoming banknote series gains momentum
Bank of Canada Senior Deputy Governor Carolyn Wilkins said only one woman—Queen Elizabeth II—has graced a Canadian banknote.
On today's date in 2014, an online petition calling for famous Canadian women to be added to Canada's forthcoming banknote series reached nearly 48,000 signatures.
"In 2011, the only women from Canadian history to ever make it onto our bank notes were replaced by an icebreaker," reads the petition, which was created by Merna Forster, a Victoria, B.C.-based author and historian.
"We call on the Bank of Canada to add women from Canadian history to our bank notes as soon as possible, and announce that all future series will feature females as well as males."
Author and historian Merna Forster's change.org petition called on the Bank of Canada to include iconic Canadian women on its next banknote series, which will begin being issued later this year.
'DISAPPOINTING … INSULTING'
"It's disappointing, it's insulting, it's discriminatory and it's offensive," said Forster in an October 2014 interview with CBC News.
"How many more surveys and public consultations will it take to convince the Bank of Canada to commit to including women on bank notes," she added. "This is not rocket science."
The petition, which began in July 2013, states:
"When Mark Carney was governor of the Bank of Canada, the Bank decided to remove the images of the first notable Canadian women who finally made it onto our bank notes. While Queen Elizabeth II appears on $20 notes, the result is that there are again no women from Canadian history on our bills. It is unacceptable that female historical figures are not featured on the Polymer Series or another series—just male prime ministers and the Queen.
"In 2011, the Bank of Canada began issuing new $50 polymer bills which replaced images of The Famous 5 and Thérèse Casgrain with an icebreaker—rather than images of other female historical figures. Despite a public outcry over the new bills, the Bank of Canada made no changes to the series or firm commitments of more inclusiveness in future bills. Governor Carney issued a press release that indicated 'Our bank notes belong to all Canadians, and the work we do at the Bank is for all Canadians.'"
SEEKING PUBLIC INPUT
Black rights activist and Nova Scotia businesswoman Viola Desmond (left) is the first Canadian woman to be portrayed on a regularly circulating Bank of Canada note.
In 2014, the Bank of Canada announced it was seeking public input on its banknotes but made no mention of adding women to any currency, claiming it wanted to wait for the consultation process to conclude before making any commitments.
According to the bank's representatives, public opinion research prior to the release of the Frontier Series of banknotes showed Canadians wanted to celebrate collective achievements rather than individuals. For this reason, the Frontier Series features themes such as technological and medical advances rather than historic figures.
"These notes depict Canada's exploits and accomplishments, endeavours in which Canadian women and men have contributed," said central bank spokesperson Alexandre Deslongchamps in 2014, adding the current series—introduced between 2011 and 2013—is expected to last at least eight years before needing replacement.
'CONFIRMED VICTORY'
The change.org petition was listed as a "confirmed victory" after garnering 73,446 signatories, and in March 2016, Finance Minister Bill Morneau offered his decision-making response.
"The advancement of women's rights and progress has always been propelled by people like you—people who take the time to make a difference.
"Women are, and have always been, instrumental in building Canada into what it is today. Yet in our country's nearly 150-year history, women, with the notable exception of the Queen, have been largely unrepresented on our bank notes.
"Like you, I've never felt that was right, and it's why very soon after becoming Finance Minister I began discussing the idea with my colleagues and with Governor Poloz at the Bank of Canada."
VIOLA DESMOND
The new series will see its first issue later this year, when Black rights activist and Nova Scotia businesswoman Viola Desmond graces the vertically oriented $10 note. Unveiled on International Women's Day—March 8, 2018—the new note will mark the first time a Canadian woman is portrayed on a regularly circulating Bank of Canada note. The forthcoming note will also be the first vertically oriented banknote issued in Canada. This will allow for a more prominent image of Desmond and differentiates this new $10 note from the current polymer notes.
Other notes in the new series will be released at a slower pace than previous series to allow technological innovations to be worked into their design as time goes on.
"As we strive for equality across our economy and in every facet of our country, we hope this constant reminder of Viola's story will help inspire a new generation of women, men, girls and boys to fight for what they believe, take their place and create a better future for themselves and all Canadians," said Morneau.
The back of the $10 note features images and symbols that represent Canada's ongoing pursuit of rights and freedoms. It features the Canadian Museum for Human Rights (CMHR)—the first museum in the world solely dedicated to the evolution, celebration and future of human rights. Also depicted on the note are an eagle feather—representing the ongoing journey toward recognizing rights and freedoms for Indigenous Peoples in Canada—and an excerpt from the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
Enhanced security features have also been added to the new $10 note to help keep the notes safe from counterfeiting yet easy to use. The note will be printed on polymer, which was introduced to Canadian bank notes in 2011. Polymer banknotes last longer than paper banknotes. This vertical banknote is the same size, has the same functionality as existing Canadian bank notes and should not change how people handle cash.


Video submission is becoming an increasingly popular option as it helps to generate traffic to your website and it is free and interesting for users to watch, so it has become more popular than articles! Just as article submission services can save you on a lot of time, similarly, video submission also helps save time and provides you with some of the best leads and increased traffic flow. This is why there are so many video submission sites all over the Internet these days.
Today there are many companies that give out a complete package when it comes to video submission services. Many of these companies optimize your videos with the the best subtitles, meta tags and meta descriptions to give your video that quality finishing touch it so deserves. Your videos will be made search engine friendly before they are submitted, and only the best and most experienced personnel will be involved in handling your videos.
Submission will be done manually by extremely trained staff to sites like Google Video, Youtube, Metacafe, etc. Most companies do not believe in automated submissions.
Your videos will only be distributed amongst the top video sharing sites.
A complete SEO optimization process will be done to your video before it is submitted.
All the HTML optimization of the video will be done along with the Video Name, Meta Tags, Description and Subtitles.
The video submitters will submit your videos in the correct categories to get the most out of it.
Accounts will be created, registration and confirmation will all be done by the service providers.
Many companies send daily reports.
Content is very important for the success of your online venture. When people visit your website, they want to gather information about your business, and can only do so by going through your content. If your content is valuable and engaging, then your visitors will keep coming back for more, making it a sure shot way to build links naturally. People will want to link back to your website. Also, good content can help bring success to your business, as your visitors will spread the word through word-of-mouth.
Make sure you do not get links from spam sites. Always search the page rank of a site before you let it link back to you. In most cases, it is advisable not to link to websites that have a rank of less than 3. But if you feel that the website in question offers good content and can flourish on the Internet in the future, then go ahead and link back to the site.
Use link submission directories. Distribute your links between the free and paid services.
There are many online forums that allow you to place your links in them. So participate in these regularly.
Write testimonials and recommendations on services and get free back links.
Social media sites like Facebook and Twitter can help you get quality links.
Upload videos on Youtube and other such sites with an embedded link.
These are just a few ways to one way link building success. So use them well!
There are certain things that matter a lot to the search engines while they determine your site's ranking. Link building is perhaps the most important factor.
Search engines determine a search engine ranking depending on the number of links pointing at a site. If the volume of links is greater, the ranking gets higher. Links from legitimate and high ranking sites will also increase the ranking faster than those sites which have quantity links from irrelevant sites.
What is the use if a website fails to showcase the best you have got to offer? You need a lot of people to visit your site and moreover convert them into real customers.
Through one way link building, you can increase your website exposure and add a steady flow of traffic to your website. How do they do it? When we speak about one way link building, the experts pay particular attention to acquire one way back links which can prove to be a source of real benefit to the site. There are different techniques to acquire quality as well as quantity links. Among these techniques, directory submission is popularly used. Others include article submission, classified submission, press release distribution, video submission and RSS feed submission. All these factors when combined will work to increase the popularity of your website links and thus impact the search engine ranking.
If you get links from other websites to your won web site, It means search engines will use it to vote for your website. All links are not equally important for getting top raking of the search engines and that is why you need to understand about link popularity and also link reputation. It will help you know building a natural looking link portfolio for your website. Like this, a few effective links from other important pages can be the way to get higher page rank. As because the links are important, the web pages that get links for that page also gets importance. Just a few links from important pages can do more good than a ton of links from unimportant sites.
Though we have mentioned before about the link popularity, search engines now-a-day don't rely on the pure link popularity anymore. Search engines evaluate links based on their importance. There are various ways of building link on websites. Among all, one way link takes a great importance. A one way link building works in building link from one web page to another web page. One way link building can sure bring success to the website by linking with the most important web pages. M ore over there are other link building process also. Webmasters very often agree to exchange links with each other. This kind of links are called reciprocal link building.
One way link building is one of the most crucial tools to improve website popularity and increase web traffic. This can be obtain by creating inbound links from relevant sites. An effective one way linking to gain link popularity not only is beneficial for driving traffic towards a website but it also can help to achieve good search engine ranking. Almost all major search engines including Google, Yahoo and MSN give more value to incoming links.
No matter how effective one way link building is, it is perhaps also one of the most tedious task in an SEO service. More than the traditional reciprocal links, to obtain one way links is even more difficult. Since its relevance is also increasing in the web world, its value as well as task are increasing. It is best that you take help of a link building firm to help you out.
With the help of the one way link building services, you get the guarantee that the web page gets indexed and ranked by the search engines accordingly.
With the links increasing the search engine will use it to vote your site. One way links are so important as they make a website get indexed by the search engines that start ranking the pages for the targeted keywords. With higher search engine ranking, visitors can increase as well as sales. Another important thing about one way link is that it is used by the search engines in order to determine the relevancy of a web page to the search terms.
When you are building links for your site, you are as good as the next link. People are always on a hunt for new and more links to improve the site's link popularity. But have you ever thought about the usefulness of your existing links. Here are some tips that will help you to increase the benefits of your existing back links.
It has been confirmed by experts that there a site can lose some page rank if they use a 301 Re-direct. You can still 301 redirect one domain to another but it is possible that you will lose some power of the links. By contrasting the site which the links comes from the the old domain and changing the links to a new domain can make certain that you are getting all the benefits that your existing links are providing.
A website link building expert will take free link when and where they can get. However, it is better to come up with a way to re-phrase the existing anchor-text.
Find the strongest sub-pages on your site. If you have been building links to one page or you have promoting one particular page then you might start from there. Once you have isolated the strongest web-pages, start adding internal links to the pages. That will help to keep the power of the back links flowing to the other parts of the site.
Sometime back, SEO was easy and it just was by participating in link exchanges with whoever was offering. However, with time technology grew and the internet became viable places for businesses, and all the companies dedicated to link building and link exchanges emerged. And then there was Google. Google changed the way how search engines operate, now the links to your site need to be related to raise your search engine ranking. Automated link building just can't do it anymore.
Link building is no longer the simple process it once was. There are just so many ways that your link building effort can turn up wrong, including the fact that you site might be just one in a sea of websites about the topic you are trying to market. There are so many little mistakes that can happen when you are trying to do link building that many online marketers shake at the thought of displeasing Google. This kind of concern has begun being referred to as "Googlephobia".
This is why there is increasing number of online business owners are turning to expert SEO link building services. There are various ways you can take benefit of the programming Google uses to decide search engine ranking, no one knows this as good as professional link building services.
A good SEO link building company knows how to work the system and get the quality links that you need. They can capably hook you up with websites that contain high quality content. No spam or junk websites, just quality articles relevant to the content or products on your own website.


Trap room is example of offensive building design.
Usually its a dead-end location that contains mostly traps and spawns monsters.
1.Bait: something interesting to lure player in. Possibly inaccessible treasure, lever or item prominently displayed.
2.Traps: main offensive feature, activates as the player tries to reach bait.
3.Spawner: spawn monsters, usually to cut off retreat options. Activates after traps, not visually prominent or part of bait mechanism.


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Home » Television » Mohit Kumar Wiki, Age, Girlfriend, Family, Career, Biography & More
Mohit Kumar is a very handsome actor and model from India. He is best known for his role as Shravan Malhotra in Hindi tv serial 'Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2'. Check more about him.
Mohit Kumar Wiki
Mohit Kumar Age, Family, Girlfriend, Caste & Religion
Facts of Mohit Kumar
Let's read this quick information from the table.
Real Name: Mohit Poswala
Mohit Kumar
Profession: Actor, Model
Famous For: 1. Shravan in Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2
Date of Birth/DOB/Birthday: 21 July 1995 (Friday)
Age: 24 Years (as of 2020)
Born Place: Bhiwani, Haryana
Body Measurements (Approx): Chest: 38
Biceps: 12
Eye Colour: Black
Spouse/wife: None
Girlfriend/Affairs: Name Not Known
Parents: Father: Name Not Known
Mother: Name Not Known
Siblings: One sister
Educational Qualification: Graduate
School: Halwasiya Vidya Vihar Senior Secondary School, Bhiwani, Haryana
Hobbies: Gymming, Travelling, Swimming
Food Habits: Non-Vegetarian
Debut: TV: Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2
Hometown: Haryana, India
Residence: Mumbai
Caste: Hindu
Religion: Sikhism
Tattoo: Not Known
Instagram: mohitkr95
Twitter: Not Known
Snapchat: mohit.poswal.19
Facebook Name: mohit.poswal.19
Favorite Food: Indian Food
Favorite Actor: Taylor Launter
Favorite Actress: Alia Bhatt
Favorite Destination: India
Most liked destination: India
Salary: Not Known
Net Worth: Not Known
Also, read this, Avneet Kaur
Mohit Kumar is one of the most handsome and fittest actors in India. He was born and brought up into the hindu family of Haryana, India. He did his schooling locally and then graduated in the science stream from college in Bhiwani.
Mohit Kumar was always interested to become a model and actor since childhood. He started his professional career with modeling. Mohit has completed various modeling assignments and print shoots professionally. He also ramp walked for the popular clothing lines.
In 2020, Mohit Kumar made his professional acting debut with the television serial. He featured in the new television series Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2. He is very famous for his beautiful photos on social media platforms such as Instagram and Facebook.
Mohit Kumar was born on Friday 21 July 1995 (age 24 years old; as of 2020). He belongs to the family of Bhiwani, Haryana. His original name is Mohit Poswal but he is known with the name 'Mohit Kumar.' He is very close to his family and often posts photos with them on social media. His father is a self-employee and his mother is a homemaker. Mohit has one younger sister. There is not much official information available about his family member's name.
Family photo of Mohit
Mohit follows Hinduism and holds Indian nationality. He spent almost his childhood and teenage with his family in Haryana. In addition, he is Hindu by caste.
Mohit Kumar is not married yet and holds a single relationship status. There is not much official information available about his girlfriend, engagement, marriage, relationship or affair.
Mohit Kumar is a very handsome and fitness freak television personality of India. He was born and brought up into the middle-class family of Bhiwani, Haryana. He did his schooling from the Halwasiya Vidya Vihar Sr. secondary School of Bhiwandi.
After schooling, Mohit completed his graduation from the Institute of Technology & Science. Mohit was a very exciting personality for curricular activities such as acting and anchoring. During his school and college days, Mohit used to participate in competitions and events.
During his college, he decided to pursue his career in acting and modeling. Even he won the title of Miss Fresher in his college. So, Mohit moved to Mumbai and started his career with modeling. He has completed numerous photo shoots and modeling assignments successfully.
By the time, Mohitkumar started uploading beautiful photos of him on his official social media. He also featured in the television commercial shoot of T20, Samsung, Honda Navi, and many others. He did modeling for the popular clothing brand of India.
In 2020, Mohit Kumar made his professional acting debut with the television serial 'Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2'. The romantic love drama Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2, is produced by the StudioNext and airs on Sony Entertainment Television.
Ej Duje Ke Vaaste 2 Shravan and Suman
Mohit Kumar featured in the serial as lead role alongside beautiful co-actress Kamikka Kapur. He is playing the role of Shravan Malhotra along with the fun-loving girl Suman. The serial is very famous and people love to watch Mohit and Kanikka's romantic love story on screen.
Does Mohit smoke?: Not Known
Does Mohit drink alcohol?: Not Known
He is a very fitness freak and muscular personality and keeps his body maintain. In addition, Mohit regularly does a workout in the gym.
He has endorsed many popular brands such as Vistaprint.in, Tango, Manyawar, Veet and many others.
Mohit has given auditions for several television serials including Balaji Telefilm's serials. He received offers from them but he rejected the offer. In an interview, he said,
"I was offered two shows from Balaji earlier. But you know those typical shows like Jaadu, Nag, Naagin…I don't want to do it. They are boaring"
He regularly updates his official social media handles such as Facebook and Instagram. Mohit also uploads beautiful and hot muscular photos of him.
Here are some of the most asked questions about Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2 actor Mohit.
Who is a male actor in Ek Duje Ke Vaaste 2?
Mohit Kumar is a lead male actor in the Ke Duje Ke Vaaste 2.
What is the age of tv actor Mohit Poswal?
Mohit Poswal is 24 years old as of 2020.
Who is Shravan in Ek Duje Ke Vaaste in real life?
Mohit Kumar has played the role of Shravan in the tv serial Ek Duje Ke Vaaste2.
Who is the girlfriend of Mohit Poswal?
Actor Mohit Poswal is single as per marital status and there is not much official information available about his girlfriend.
Is Kannika Kapur is girlfriend of Mohit Kumar?
No, Kannika Kapur is a co-star in the serial Ek Duje Ke Vaaste of Sony TV.
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Mohan Bhagwat Wiki, Age, Wife, Family, Children, Politics & Biography

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


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Ha rappresentato il  ai Giochi olimpici di  e . All'olimpiade australiana ha vinto la medaglia di bronzo nella staffetta 4x100 m stile libero.

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redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Due to the delivery of several new luxury condo projects, Beacon Hill closed the year laps ahead of its neighboring areas in terms of price appreciation! New construction at the Whitwell (32 Derne St), 25 Beacon and a few smaller build outs on Mt. Vernon, Chestnut and Walnut Streets drove pricing ahead in 2017. This infusion of new real estate (in a relatively small market) bolstered Beacon Hill's 21 percent appreciation in 2017. Both the ultra luxurious Whitwell and 25 Beacon played a significant role in the $225 increase for average price per foot from $1,046 in 2016 to $1,271 in 2017. The number of transactions over $1 million is also up 41% to 99.
Though Beacon Hill is the 2017 frontrunner, we need to mention the increase in average days on market. Since 2015, Beacon Hill has continued to increase from 55 (2015) to 65 (2016) and most recently 97 average days on market. Maison Vernon, a 7 unit building on Mt Vernon Street, will deliver in early 2018 with high price points ($2,000 per square foot). Overall, larger deliveries scheduled for 2019 (The Archer on Temple Street and the Appalachian Mountain Club conversion) may encumber this year's numbers if buyers opt to tie up the new product in 2018 while waiting to close on it in 2019. Expect general appreciation within the existing housing supply to carry on in the wake of the dynamic (and pricey) new stuff even though the average price per foot for Beacon Hill may recede slightly in 2018.


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›Forms
4D provides a full-featured Form editor that allows you to modify your form until you achieve the effect that you want. With the Form editor, you can create and delete form objects, manipulate them directly, and set form and object properties.
The Form editor interface displays each JSON form in its own window, which has both an object and tool bar. You can have several forms open at the same time. The rulers on the side and bottom help you position objects in the form. You can change measurement units so that it displays inches, centimeters, or pixels.
Showing/hiding Form elements
You can show or hide most interface elements in the Form editor. This feature allows you to show only the elements that you need to create or view in a form, or only the tools that you want to use. This option is always applied to the Form editor's current window. For example, it is useful to show the output control lines when you are working on an output form.
To show or hide an element in the Form editor:
Choose Display from the Form menu. OR Use the Display command in the context menu that appears in the Form editor's window (right-click in the window without clicking on an object). A hierarchical submenu appears listing all the elements that you can show or hide:
A check mark placed next to the element indicates that it will be shown. To hide an element, select the element so that the check mark disappears.
Select the element that you want to show or hide.
Here is a description of the commands in this menu:
Inherited form: Shows or hides inherited form objects (if there is an inherited form) on the current page of the form. For more information, refer to Using inherited forms.
Page 0: Shows or hides the objects from page 0 on the form's current page. This option allows you to distinguish between the objects on the form's current page and those on page 0. For more information about pages in forms, refer to the Creating a multi-page form section.
Paper: Shows or hides the borders of the printing page, which are shown as gray lines. This option may have no apparent effect when the Limits (see below) option is selected. If the size of the form is smaller than the printing page, the page's borders are shown outside of the form's viewing area and therefore do not appear. Refer to Printing a form.
Rulers: Shows or hides the rulers in the Form editor's window.
Markers: Shows or hides the output control lines and associated markers that show the limits of the form's different areas.
Marker Labels: Shows or hides the marker labels, available only when the output control lines are displayed. For more information, refer to the Moving output control lines paragraph.
Limits: Shows or hides the form's limits. When this option is selected, the form is displayed in the Form editor as it appears in Application mode. This way you can adjust your form without having to switch to the Application mode in order to see the result.
The Size Based on, Hor margin and Vert margin settings of the form properties affect the form's limits. When using these settings, the limits are based on the objects in the form. When you modify the size of an object that is located next to the form's border, it is modified to reflect that change. For more information on form properties, refer to the Form properties section.
Using the toolbar
The toolbar of the Form editor offers a set of tools to manipulate and modify the form. Each window has its own toolbar.
The toolbar contains the following elements:
Execute the form Used to test the execution of the form. When you click on this button, 4D opens a new window and displays the form in its context (list of records for a list form and current record page for a detail form). The form is executed in the main process.
Selection tool Allows selecting, moving and resizing form objects.
Note: When an object of the Text or Group Box type is selected, pressing the Enter key lets you switch to editing mode.
Entry order Switches to "Entry order" mode, where it is possible to view and change the current entry order of the form. Note that shields allow viewing the current entry order, while still working in the form.
Moving Switches to "Move" mode, where it is possible to reach any part of the form quickly by using drag and drop in the window. The cursor takes the shape of a hand. This navigation mode is particularly useful when zooming in the form.
拡大 Allows modifying the form display percentage (100% by default). You can switch to "Zoom" mode by clicking on the magnifying glass or by clicking directly on the desired bar. This feature is detailed in previous section.
Alignment This button is linked to a menu that allows aligning objects in the form. It is enabled (or not) depending on the objects selected.
Available only with CSS Preview None
Distribution This button is linked to a menu that allows distributing objects in the form. It is enabled (or not) depending on the objects selected.
Level This button is linked to a menu that allows changing the level of objects in the form. It is enabled (or not) depending on the objects selected.
Group/Ungroup This button is linked to a menu that allows grouping and ungrouping selections of objects in the form. It is enabled (or not) depending on the objects selected.
Display and page management This area allows passing from one form page to another and adding pages. To navigate among form pages, click the arrow buttons, or click the central area and choose the page to display from the menu that appears. If you click the right arrow button while the last form page is displayed, 4D allows you to add a page.
CSS Preview This button is used to select the CSS Mode to use.
Managing views This button displays or hides the views palette. This function is detailed in Using object views .
Displaying shields Each click on this button causes the successive display of each type of form shield. The button is also linked to a menu that allows directly selecting the type of shield to display.
Preconfigured object library This button displays the preconfigured object library that provides numerous objects with certain properties that have been predefined.
List Box Builder This button creates new entity selection list boxes.
Using the object bar
The object bar contains all the active and inactive objects that can be used in 4D forms. Some objects are grouped together by themes. Each theme includes several alternatives that you can choose between. When the object bar has the focus, you can select the buttons using the keys of the keyboard. The following table describes the object groups available and their associated shortcut key.
Text / Group Box T
入力 F
Hierarchical List / List Box L
Combo Box / Drop-down List / Picture Pop-up Menu P
Button / Picture Button / Button Grid B
ラジオボタン R
チェックボックス C
Progress Indicator / Ruler / Stepper / Spinner I
Rectangle / Line / Oval S
Splitter / Tab Control D
Plug-in Area / Subform / Web Area / 4D Write Pro / 4D View Pro ○
To draw an object type, select the corresponding button and then trace the object in the form. After creating an object, you can modify its type using the Property List. Hold down the Shift key as you draw to constrain the object to a regular shape. Lines are constrained to horizontal, 45°, or vertical, rectangles are constrained to squares, and ovals are constrained to circles.
The current variant of the theme is the object that will be inserted in the form. When you click the right side of a button, you access the variant menu:
You can click twice on the button so that it remains selected even after you have traced an object in the form (continual selection). This function makes creating several successive objects of the same type easier. To cancel a continual selection, click on another object or tool.
Using the Property List
Both forms and form objects have properties that control access to the form, the appearance of the form, and the behavior of the form when it is used. Form properties include, for example, the form's name, its menu bar, and its size. Object Properties include, for example, an object's name, its dimensions, its background color, and its font.
You can display and modify form and object properties using the Property List. It displays either form or objects properties depending on what you select in the editor window.
To display/hide the Property List, choose Property List from the Form menu or from the context menu of the Form editor. You can also display it by double-clicking in an empty area of the form.
Navigation shortcuts
You can navigate in the Property List using the following shortcuts:
Arrow keys ↑ ↓: Used to go from one cell to another.
Arrow keys ← →: Used to expand/collapse themes or enter edit mode.
PgUp and PgDn: Used to scroll the Property List contents.
Home and End: Used to scroll the Property List so that the first or last cell is displayed.
Ctrl+click (Windows) or Command+click (Mac OS) on an event: Used to select/deselect every event in the list, according to the initial state of the event on which you clicked.
Ctrl+click (Windows) or Command+click (Mac OS) on a theme label: Used to Collapse/Expand every theme in the list.
Manipulating Form Objects
Adding objects
You can add objects to forms in several ways:
By drawing the object directly in the form after selecting its type in the object bar (see Using the object bar)
By dragging and dropping the object from the object bar
By drag-and-drop or copy-paste operations on an object selected from the preconfigured object library,
By dragging and dropping an object from another form,
By dragging and dropping an object from the Explorer (fields) or from other editors in the Design environment (lists, pictures, etc.)
Once the object is placed in the form, you can modify its characteristics using the Form editor.
You can work with two types of objects in your forms:
Static objects (lines, frames, background pictures, etc.): These objects are generally used for setting the appearance of the form and its labels as well as for the graphic interface. They are available in the object bar of the Form editor. You can also set their graphic attributes (size, color, font, etc.) and their resizing properties using the Property List. アクティブオブジェクトと異なり、スタティックオブジェクトには変数や式が割り当てられません。 しかし、スタティックオブジェクトにダイナミックオブジェクトを挿入することは可能です。
Active objects: These objects perform tasks or functions in the interface and can take many forms: fields, buttons, scrollable lists, etc. Each active object is associated with either a field or a variable.
Before you can perform any operation on an object (such as changing a line width or font), you need to select the object that you want to modify.
To select an object using the toolbar:
Click the Arrow tool in the toolbar.
When you move the pointer into the form area, it becomes a standard arrow-shaped pointer.
Click the object you want to select. Resizing handles identify the selected object.
To select an object using the Property List:
Choose the object's name from the Object List drop-down list located at the top of the Property List.
Using these two methods, you can select an object that is hidden by other objects or located outside the visible area of the current window. To deselect an object, click outside the object's boundary or Shift+click the object.
It is also possible to select objects by double-clicking them in the result window of ""Find in design" operation.
Selecting multiple objects
You may want to perform the same operation on more than one form object — for example, to move the objects, align them, or change their appearance. 4D lets you select several objects at the same time. There are several ways to select multiple objects:
Choose Select All from the Edit menu to select all the objects.
Right-click on the object and choose the Select Similar Objects command in the context menu.
Hold down the Shift key and click the objects you want to select.
Start at a location outside the group of objects you want to select and drag a marquee (sometimes called a selection rectangle) around the objects. When you release the mouse button, if any part of an object lies within or touches the boundaries of the selection rectangle, that object is selected.
Hold down the Alt key (Windows) or the Option key (macOS) and draw a marquee. Any object that is completely enclosed by the marquee is selected.
The figure below shows a marquee being drawn to select two objects:
To deselect an object that is part of a set of selected objects, hold down the Shift key and click the object. The other objects remain selected. To deselect all the selected objects, click outside the boundaries of all the objects.
Duplicating objects
You can duplicate any object in the form, including active objects. Copies of active objects retain all the properties of the original, including name, type, standard action, display format, and object method.
You can duplicate an object directly using the Duplicate tool in the Tools palette or use the Duplicate Many dialog box to duplicate an object more than once. Also, using this dialog box, you can set the distance between two copies.
To duplicate one or more objects:
Select the object or objects that you want to duplicate.
Choose Duplicate from the Edit menu. 4D creates a copy of each selected object and places the copy in front and slightly to the side of the original.
Move the copy (or copies) to the desired location. If you choose the Duplicate menu item again, 4D creates another copy of each object and moves it the exact same distance and direction from the first copy. If you need to distribute copies of the object along a line, you should use the following procedure. Duplicate the original object, move the copy to another location in the form, and then duplicate the copy. The second copy is automatically placed in the same relation to the first copy as the first copy was in relation to the original object. Subsequent copies are also placed in the same relation to their originals. The figure below shows how this relative placement of copies works:
Duplicate Many
The "Duplicate Many" dialog box appears when you select one or more object(s) and choose the Duplicate Many... command from the Object menu.
In the upper area, enter the number of columns and lines (rows) of objects you want to get.
For example, if you want three columns and two lines of objects, enter 3 in the Column(s) area and 2 in the Line(s) area. If you want three horizontal new copies of an object, enter 4 in the Column(s) area and leave the default value, 1, in the Line(s) area.
For lines and columns, define the offset that you wish to leave between each copy.
The value must be expressed in points. It will be applied to each copy, or copies, in relation to the original object.
For example, if you want to leave a vertical offset of 20 points between each object and the height of the source object is 50 points, enter 70 in the column's "Offset" area.
If you wish to create a matrix of variables, select the Number Variables option and select the direction in which the variables are to be numbered, either by line(s) or by column(s). This option is active only when the selected object is a variable. For more information on this option, refer to Duplicating on a matrix in the Design Reference.
Moving objects
You can move any graphic or active object in the form including fields and objects created with a template. When moving an object, you have the following options:
Move the object by dragging it,
Move the object one pixel at a time using the arrow keys,
Move the object by steps using the arrow keys (20-pixel steps by default),
As you begin dragging the selected object, its handles disappear. 4D displays markers that show the location of the object's boundaries in the rulers so that you can place the object exactly where you want it. Be careful not to drag a handle. Dragging a handle resizes the object. You can press the Shift key to carry out the move with a constraint.
When the Magnetic Grid is on, objects are moved in stages indicating noticeable locations.
To move an object one pixel at a time:
Select the object or objects and use the arrow keys on the keyboard to move the object. Each time you press an arrow key, the object moves one pixel in the direction of the arrow.
To move an object by steps:
Select the object or objects you want to move and hold down the Shift key and use the arrow keys to move the object by steps. By default, steps are 20 pixels at a time. You can change this value on the Forms Page of the Preferences.
Grouping objects
4D lets you group objects so that you can select, move, and modify the group as a single object. Objects that are grouped retain their position in relation to each other. You would typically group a field and its label, an invisible button and its icon, and so forth.
When you resize a group, all the objects in the group are resized proportionally (except text areas, which are resized in steps according to their font sizes.
You can ungroup a group of objects to treat them as individual objects again.
An active object that has been grouped must be ungrouped before you can access its properties or method. However, it is possible to select an object belonging to a group without degrouping the set: to do this, Ctrl+click (Windows) or Command+click (macOS) on the object (the group must be selected beforehand).
Grouping only affects objects in the Form editor. When the form is executed, all grouped objects act as if they were ungrouped.
It is not possible to group objects belonging to different views and only those objects belonging to the current view can be grouped (see Views ).
To group objects:
Select the objects that you want to group.
Choose Group from the Object menu.
Click the Group button in the toolbar of the Form editor:
4D marks the boundary of the newly grouped objects with handles. No handles mark the boundary of any of the individual objects within the group. Now, when you modify the grouped object, you change all the objects that make up the group.
To ungroup an object:
Select the grouped object that you want to ungroup.
Choose Ungroup from the Object menu.
Click the Ungroup button (variant of the Group button) in the toolbar of the Form editor.
If Ungroup is dimmed, this means that the selected object is already separated into its simplest form.
4D marks the boundaries of the individual objects with handles.
Aligning objects
You can align objects with each other or using an invisible grid on the form.
When you align one object to another, you can align it to the top, bottom, side, or horizontal or vertical center of the other object. You can directly align a selection of objects using the alignment tools or apply more advanced alignment settings using the Alignment Assistant. The latter option allows you, for example, to set the object that will be used as the position reference and to preview the alignment in the form before applying it.
When you use the invisible grid, each object can be aligned manually with others based on "noticeable" positions which are depicted with dotted lines that appear when the object being moved approaches other objects.
Using the instantaneous alignment tools
The alignment tools in the toolbar and in the Align submenu of the Object menu allow you to quickly align selected objects.
When 4D aligns objects, it leaves one selected object in place and aligns the remaining objects to that one. This object is the "anchor." It uses the object that is the furthest in the alignment's direction as the anchor and aligns the other objects to that object. For instance, if you want to perform a right alignment on a set of objects, the rightmost object will be used as the anchor. The figure below shows objects with no alignment, "aligned left", "aligned horizontally by centers", and "aligned right":
Using the alignment assistant
The Alignment Assistant allows you to perform any type of alignment and/or distribution of objects.
To display this dialog box, select the objects you want to align then choose the Alignment command from the Align submenu in the Object menu or from the context menu of the editor.
In the "Left/Right Alignment" and/or "Top/Bottom Alignment" areas, click the icon that corresponds to the alignment you want to perform.
The example area displays the results of your selection.
To perform an alignment that uses the standard anchor scheme, click Preview or Apply.
In this case 4D uses the object that is the furthest in the alignment's direction as the anchor and aligns the other objects to that object. For instance, if you want to perform a right alignment on a set of objects, the rightmost object will be used as the anchor.
To align objects to a specific object, select the Align on option and select the object to which you want the other objects to be aligned from the object list. In this case, the position of the reference object will not be altered.
You can preview the results of the alignment by clicking the Preview button. The objects are then aligned in the Form editor but since the dialog box does not go away, you can still cancel or apply the alignment.
This dialog box allows you to align and distribute objects in one operation. For more information on how to distribute objects, refer to Distributing objects.
Using the Magnetic Grid
The Form editor provides a virtual magnetic grid that can help you place and align objects in a form. Magnetic alignment of objects is based on their position in relation to each other. The magnetic grid can only be used when at least two objects are present in the form.
This works as follows: When you move an object in the form, 4D indicates possible locations for this object based on noticeable alignments with other form objects. A noticeable alignment is established each time that:
Horizontally, the edges or centers of two objects coincide,
Vertically, the edges of two objects coincide.
When this happens, 4D places the object at the location and displays a red line indicating the noticeable alignment taken into account:
Concerning the distribution of objects, 4D proposes a distance based on interface standards. Like with magnetic alignment, red lines indicate the noticeable differences once they are reached.
This operation applies to all types of form objects. The Magnetic Grid can be enabled or disabled at any time using the Magnetic Grid command in the Form menu or in the editor context menu. It is also possible to set the activation of this feature by default on the Preferences > Forms page (Activate auto alignment by default option). You can manually activate or deactivate the magnetic grid when an object is selected by pressing the Ctrl (Windows) or Control (macOS) key .
The Magnetic Grid also influences the manual resizing of objects.
Distributing objects
You can distribute objects so that they are set out with an equal amount of space between them. To do this, you can distribute objects using either the Distribute tools in the Tools palette or the Alignment Assistant. The latter allows you to align and distribute objects in one operation.
When the Magnetic Grid is on, a visual guide is also provided for distribution when an object is moved manually.
To distribute objects with equal spacing:
Select three or more objects and click the desired Distribute tool.
In the toolbar, click on the distribution tool that corresponds to the distribution you want to apply.
Select a distribution menu command from the Align submenu in the Object menu or from the context menu of the editor.
4D distributes the objects accordingly. Objects are distributed using the distance to their centers and the largest distance between two consecutive objects is used as a reference.
To distribute objects using the Align and Distribute dialog box:
Select the objects you want to distribute.
Choose the Alignment command from the Align submenu in the Object menu or from the context menu of the editor.
The following dialog box appears:
In the Left/Right Alignment and/or Top/Bottom Alignment areas, click the standard distribution icon:
(Standard horizontal distribution icon)
To perform a distribution that uses the standard scheme, click Preview or Apply.
In this case 4D will perform a standard distribution, so that the objects are set out with an equal amount of space between them.
To execute a specific distribution, select the Distribute option (for example if you want to distribute the objects based on the distance to their right side). This option acts like a switch. If the Distribute check box is selected, the icons located below it perform a different function:
Horizontally, the icons correspond to the following distributions: evenly with respect to left sides, centers (hor.) and right sides of the selected objects.
Vertically, the icons correspond to the following distributions: evenly with respect to top edges, centers (vert.) and bottom edges of the selected objects.
You can preview the actual result of your settings by clicking on the Preview button: the operation is carried out in the Form editor but the dialog box stays in the foreground. You can then Cancel or Apply the modifications.
This dialog box lets you combine object alignment and distribution. For more information about alignment, refer to Aligning objects.
Layering objects
You will sometimes have to rearrange objects that are obstructing your view of other objects in the form. For example, you may have a graphic that you want to appear behind the fields in a form. 4D provides four menu items, Move to Back, Move to Front, Up One Level and Down One Level that let you "layer" objects on the form. These layers also determine the default entry order (see Modifying data entry order). The figure below shows objects in front of and behind other objects:
To move an object to another level, select it and choose:
One of the Move to Back, Move to Front, Up One Level and Down One Level commands of the Object menu,
One of the commands in the Level> submenu in the context menu of the editor,
One of the commands associated with the level management button of the toolbar.
When several objects are superimposed, the Ctrl+Shift+click / Command+Shift+click shortcut can be used to select each object successively by going down a layer with each click.
When ordering different levels, 4D always goes from the background to the foreground. As a result, the previous level moves the selection of objects one level towards the background. The next level moves the selection one level towards the foreground of the form.
Data entry order
The data entry order is the order in which fields, subforms, and other active objects are selected as you hit the Tab or the Carriage return key in an input form. It is possible to move through the form in the opposite direction (reverse data entry order) by pressing the Shift+Tab or Shift+Carriage return keys.
You can change the entry order at runtime using the FORM SET ENTRY ORDER and FORM GET ENTRY ORDER commands.
Every object that supports the focusable property is included in the data entry order by default.
Setting the entry order for a JSON form is done with the entryOrder property.
If you don't specify a custom entry order, by default 4D uses the layering of the objects to determine the entry order in the direction "background towards foreground." The standard entry order thus corresponds to the order in which the objects were created in the form.
In some forms, a custom data entry order is needed. Below, for example, additional fields related to the address have been added after the creation of the form. The resulting standard entry order thus becomes illogical and forces the user to enter the information in an awkward manner:
In cases such as this, a custom data entry order allows you to enter the information in a more logical order:
Viewing and changing the data entry order
You can view the current entry order either using the "Entry order" shields, or by using the "Entry order" mode. However, you can only modify the entry order using the "Entry order" mode.
This paragraph describes viewing and modifying the entry order using the "Entry order" mode. For more information about viewing the entry order using shields, refer to Using shields.
To view or change the entry order:
Choose Entry Order from the Form menu or click on the Entry Order button in the toolbar of the window:
The pointer turns into an entry order pointer and 4D draws a line in the form showing the order in which it selects objects during data entry.
Viewing and changing the data entry order are the only actions you can perform until you click any tool in the Tools palette.
To change the data entry order, position the pointer on an object in the form and, while holding down the mouse button, drag the pointer to the object you want next in the data entry order.
4D will adjust the entry order accordingly.
Repeat step 2 as many times as necessary to set the data entry order you want.
When you are satisfied with the data entry order, click any unselected tool in the toolbar or choose Entry Order from the Form menu.
4D returns to normal operation of the Form editor.
Only the entry order of the current page of the form is displayed. If the form contains enterable objects on page 0 or coming from an inherited form, the default entry order is as follows: Objects from page 0 of the inherited form > Objects from page 1 of the inherited form > Objects from page 0 of the open form > Objects from the current page of the open form.
Using a data entry group
While you are changing the data entry order, you can select a group of objects in a form so that the standard data entry order applies to the objects within the group. This allows you to easily set the data entry order on forms in which fields are separated into groups or columns.
To create a data entry group:
Choose Entry Order from the Form menu or click the button in the toolbar.
Draw a marquee around the objects you want to group for data entry.
When you release the mouse button, the objects enclosed or touched by the rectangle follow the standard data entry order. The data entry order for the remaining objects adjusts as necessary.
Excluding an object from the entry order
By default, all objects that support the focusable property are included in the entry order. To exclude an object from the entry order:
Select the Entry order mode, then
shift-click on the object
right-click on the object and select Remove from entry order option from the context menu
CSS Preview
The Form editor allows you to view your forms with or without applied CSS values.
When style sheets have been defined, forms (including inherited forms and subforms) are opened in the CSS Preview mode for your operating system by default.
Selecting CSS Preview Mode
The Form editor toolbar provides a CSS button for viewing styled objects:
Select one of the following preview modes from the menu:
Toolbar Icon
CSS Preview Mode
なし No CSS values are applied in the form and no CSS values or icons displayed in the Property List.
Windows CSS values for Windows platform are applied in the form. CSS values and icons displayed in the Property List.
macOS CSS values for macOS platform are applied in the form. CSS values and icons displayed in the Property List.
If a font size too large for an object is defined in a style sheet or JSON, the object will automatically be rendered to accommodate the font, however the size of the object will not be changed.
The CSS preview mode reflects the priority order applied to style sheets vs JSON attributes as defined in the JSON vs Style Sheet section.
Once a CSS preview mode is selected, objects are automatically displayed with the styles defined in a style sheet (if any).
When copying or duplicating objects, only the CSS references (if any) and the JSON values are copied.
CSS support in the Property List
In CSS Preview mode, if the value of an attribute has been defined in a style sheet, the attribute's name will appear with a CSS icon displayed next to it in the Property List. For example, the attribute values defined in this style sheet:
.myButton {
font-family: comic sans;
font-size: 14;
stroke: #800080;
are displayed with a CSS icon in the Property List:
An attribute value defined in a style sheet can be overridden in the JSON form description (except if the CSS includes the !important declaration, see below). In this case, the Property List displays the JSON form value in bold. You can reset the value to its style sheet definition with the Ctrl + click (Windows) or Command + click (macOs) shortcuts.
If an attribute has been defined with the !important declaration for a group, an object within a group, or any object within a selection of multiple objects, that attribute value is locked and cannot be changed in the Property List.
Property List CSS Icons
Indicates that an attribute value has been defined in a style sheet
Indicates that an attribute value has been defined in a style sheet with the !important declaration
Displayed when an attribute value defined in a style sheet for at least one item in a group or a selection of multiple objects is different from the other objects
List Box Builder
You can create new entity selection list boxes quickly with the List box builder. The new list box can be used immediately or it can be edited via the Form Editor.
The List box builder lets you create and fill entity selection list boxes in a few simple operations.
Using the List Box Builder
In the Form Editor toolbar, click on the List box builder icon:
The List box builder is displayed:
Select a table from the Table dropdown list:
Select the fields for the list box in the Fields area:
By default, all fields are selected. You can select or deselect fields individually or use Ctrl+click (Windows) or Cmd+click (macOS) to select or deselect them all at once.
You can change the order of the fields by dragging them and dropping them.
The expression to fill the list box's rows from the entity selection is prefilled:
This expression can be changed if necessary.
Clicking on the Copy button will copy the expression for loading all records into memory:
Click the the Build widget button to create the list box.
The final list box:
The 4D Form Editor uses shields to make viewing object properties easier. You can find them on the form toolbar:
This function works as follows: Each shield is associated with a property (for example, Views, which means the object "is in the current view"). When you activate a shield, 4D displays a small icon (shield) in the upper left of each object of the form where the property is applied.
Using shields
To activate a shield, click the Shield icon from the toolbar until the desired shield is selected. You can also click on the right side of the button and select the type of shield to display directly in the associated menu:
If you don't want to display shields, select No Shields in the selection menu.
You can set which shields to display by default on the Forms Page of the application Preferences.
Shield descriptions
Here is a description of each type of shield:
Is displayed ...
Object Method For objects with an associated object method
Standard Action For objects with an associated standard action
サイズ変更 For objects with at least one resizing property, indicates the combination of current properties
Entry Order For enterable objects, indicates the number of entry order
Current View For all objects in the current view
スタイルシート For objects with one or more attribute values overridden by a style sheet.
Filter For enterable objects with an associated entry filter
ヘルプTips For objects with an associated tip
Localized For objects whose label comes from a reference (label beginning with ":"). The reference can be of the resource (STR#) or XLIFF type
No Shields No shields appear
The 4D Form Editor enables you to build complex forms by distributing form objects among separate views that can then be hidden or shown as needed.
For example, you can distribute objects according to type (fields, variables, static objects, etc.). Any type of form object, including subforms and plug-in areas, can be included in views.
There is no limit on the number of views per form. You can create as many different views as you need. Additionally, each view can be displayed, hidden, and/or locked.
View management is handled via the View palette.
Accessing the View palette
There are three ways to access the View palette:
Toolbar: Click on the Views icon in the Form Editor toolbar. (This icon appears gray when at least one object belongs to a view other than the default view.)
Default view only
With additional views
Context menu (form or object): Right-click anywhere in the Form Editor or an object, and select Current View
The current view is indicated with a check mark (e.g., "Work Address" in the image above)
Form menu: Click on the Form menu and select View List
Here are a few important things to know before you start working with views:
Context of use: Views are a purely graphic tool which can only be used in the Form Editor; you cannot access views programmatically or in the Application environment.
Views and pages: Objects of the same view can belong to different form pages; only objects of the current page (and of page 0 if it is visible) can be displayed, regardless of the view configuration.
Views and levels: Views are independent of object levels; there is no display hierarchy among different views.
Views and groups: Only objects belonging to the current view can be grouped.
Current and Default views: The Default view is the first view of a form and cannot be deleted; the Current view is the view that is being edited and the name is displayed in bold text.
Managing views
Any object created in a form is placed in the first view ("View 1") of the form. The first view is always the default view, indicated by (Default) after the name. The view's name can be changed (see Renaming views), however it remains the default view.
There are two ways to add additional views:
Click on the Add a new view button at the bottom of the View palette:
Right-click on an existing view and select Insert view:
There is no limitation on the number of views.
Renaming views
By default views are named as "View" + the view number, however you can change these names to improve readability and better suit your needs.
To rename a view, you can use either:
Double-click directly on the view name (the selected view in this case). The name then becomes editable:
Right-click on the view name. The name then becomes editable:
Reordering views
You can change the display order of views by dragging/dropping them within the View palette.
Note that the Default view does not change:
Deleting views
Click on the Delete the selected view button at the bottom of the View palette:
Right-click on the view name, and select Delete View:
If a view is deleted, any objects in it are automatically moved to the Default view.
Using views
Once views are created, you can use the View palette to:
Add object to views,
Move objects from one view to another,
Select all objects of the same view in a single click,
Display or hide objects for each view,
Lock the objects of a view.
Adding objects to views
An object can only belong to a single view.
To create an object in another view, simply select the view in the View palette (prior to creating the object) by clicking its name (an Edit icon is displayed for the Current view and the name appears in bold text):
Moving objects between views
It's also possible to move one or more objects from one view to another. In the form, select the object(s) whose view you wish to change. The view list indicates, using a symbol, the view to which the selection belongs:
The selection can contain several objects belonging to different views.
Simply select the destination view, right-click, and select Move to:
Select the destination view of the selection and click Move to button at the bottom of the View palette:
The selection is then placed in the new view:
You can also move an object to another view via the object's context menu. Right-click on the object, select Move to view, and select a view from the list of available views:
The Current view is shown in bold text.
Select all objects of a view
You can select all objects belong to the same view in the current page of the form. This function is useful for applying global changes to a set of objects.
To do this, right-click on the view in which you wish to select all the objects, click on Select All:
You can also use the button at the bottom of the View palette:
Show or hide objects of a view
You can show or hide objects belonging to a view at any time in the form's current page. This way you can focus on certain objects when editing the form, for example.
By default, all views are shown, as indicated by the Show/Hide icon:
To hide a view, click the Show/Hide icon. It is then dimmed and objects of the corresponding view are no longer shown in the form:
The Current view cannot be hidden.
To show a view that is hidden, simply select it or click on the Show/Hide icon for that view.
Locking objects of a view
You can lock the objects of a view. This prevents them from being selected, changed, or deleted from the form. Once locked, an object cannot be selected by a click, a rectangle, or the Select Similar Objects command of the context menu. This function is useful for preventing handling errors.
By default, all views are unlocked, as indicated by the Lock/Unlock icon next to each view:
To lock the objects of a view, click the Lock/Unlock icon. The padlock is shut, which means that the view is now locked:
The Current view cannot be locked.
To unlock a view that is locked, simply select it or click on the Lock/Unlock icon for that view.
You can zoom in the current form. Switch to "Zoom" mode by clicking on the magnifying glass icon or clicking directly on the desired percentage bar (50%, 100%, 200%, 400% and 800%):
When you click on the magnifying glass, the cursor changes into one. You can then click in the form to increase the display or hold down Shift and click to reduce the display percentage.
When you click on a percentage bar, the display is immediately modified.
In Zoom mode, all Form editor functions remain available(*).
(*) For technical reasons, it is not possible to select list box elements (headers, columns, footers) when the Form editor is in Zoom mode.
← About 4D FormsForm Editor Macros →


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Home > Industrial, Shock	> Kent Engineering Company Fined for Electrical Accident
Kent Engineering Company Fined for Electrical Accident
KENT, ENGLAND – An engineering company has been fined £20,000 over "horrific" burns caused to a construction worker when he struck an underground electrical cable on a building site.
Dwyer Engineering Services Ltd, of Swiss Cottage, North West London, will also have to pay the £14,532 costs of case.
The family business admitted contravening health and safety regulations at the site in Burial Ground Road, Tovil, Maidstone, on June 12 last year.
Maidstone Crown Court heard the company was the principal contractor for laying mains sewers for a new home for the elderly.
Bradley Marsh, 29, had only been working as a labourer on the site for four days when an electric cable was found.
He dug around it with a shovel but when he used a jack hammer to remove concrete he hit another cable next to it and was blown back.
Mr Marsh's clothing caught fire and he suffered 62 per cent burns to his body. He was treated in hospital for 18 days.
Judge Philip Statman said he had seen photographs of the horrifying injuries the victim received. He described the profound effect it had on his quality of life.
A diagram of cables, said Judge Statman, should have been obtained from EDF Energy as a matter of urgency and safety clothing would have protected Mr Marsh from injury.
Safety measures were immediately revised and put into operation after the accident.
Story via Kentonline.co.uk
Categories: Industrial, Shock Tags: accident, Electrical, England, fine, power line, Shock
2 NJ Men Killed, 1 Injured in Electrical Accident with Combine SC State Fair Worker Fatally Electrocuted


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just say no
Kate Hudson would rather find love at Starbucks than on a dating app
By Mark Gray Wonderwall 2:03am PST, Feb 17, 2017
Rex USA
Jerod Harris/Getty Images for Dow Jones / Getty Images North America
Fame Flynet
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Technically speaking, Kate Hudson is not interested in your digital game.
The actress was chatting with Ellen DeGeneres on Friday, Feb. 17, when the topic of dating and love and was brought up. The talk show host asked Kate if she'd ever turn to dating apps to find love.
"What's crazy is that there's a lot of, you know, celebrity types on these dating apps, which kind of makes you go, 'Oh, maybe,'" she said, but finally added that apps aren't her cup of tea.
"No, I can't imagine," she said. "So, you look at a guy, he's hot, and then you see his profile and you're like, 'Maybe I'll text him or maybe we'll match,' and then you start texting and then it just goes away. Like, all your girlfriends seem to maybe go to lunch and then it's like, 'What happened to that guy you met on Raya or Bumble and whatever else?'"
Kate still prefers the old fashioned approach.
"I just think, why don't you just meet a guy in Starbucks?" she said. "Why don't you just go up to someone and why doesn't a guy have the guts to come up and say, 'Hey, I'm so-and-so. How about we hang out?'"
The "Deepwater Horizon" actress is single, but she maintains close relationships with her exes, especially former fiance Matt Bellamy, whom she shares 5-year-old son Bingham with.
On Feb. 15, the modern family reunited (along with Matt's girlfriend) to take Bingham and 13-year-old Ryder, whom Kate shares with Black Crowes frontman Chris Robinson, to the 21 Pilots concert in Anaheim, Calif.
"Their dads are musicians. They are used to being in that world," Kate said of her kids. "You realize that when a band or music has an impact on kids it's so huge. Every once in a while you get those glimpses of how music is so deeply impacted for kids."
Kylie Jenner rocks a faux lion head, plus more of the best and worst dressed stars this month Share Tweet
Ana de Armas earns best actress Oscar nomination for 'Blonde': Stars who've played Marilyn Monroe over the years Share Tweet
Tiffani Thiessen turns 49 — '90s TV stars: Where are they now? Share Tweet
Cardi B reveals she 'called a couple' doctors Kim Kardashian recommended, plus more rappers before and after they went under the knife Share Tweet


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package io.quarkus.security.jpa;

import org.wildfly.security.password.Password;

/**
 * Provides the {@link Password} according to how the password is hashed in the database.
 */
public interface PasswordProvider {
    Password getPassword(String pass);
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
Q: Running windows with faulty memory which can not be replaced In cases of deviced with soldered/integrated RAM (eg tablets and ultrabooks), a defect in the memory means that the computer becomes an expensive paperweight.
It is clear that the best alternative is to replace the defective RAM, but when this is not possible, and the equipment no longer under warranty, is a good time to try other solutions.
I have been researching bcdedit /set badmemorylist and bcdedit /set badmemoryaccess without success.
This question discussed the issue a few years ago: Running Windows with defective RAM
At that time and in those cases, there was a possibility to replace the RAM, and no more was investigated.
Now I have no possibility of replacing the RAM, and I want to revisit the issue.

A: I managed a few hits. The key to passing the damaged memory parameters are:

*

*Addresses memtest86, match addresses used in Windows.

*Must mark full pages of 4KBytes.

*In memtest 0x10000000, corresponds to 0x10000 in Windows.

*In memtest, 0x00001000 corresponds to 0x1 in Windows.

*Means: The page number in windows removes the last 3 memtest hexadecimal numbers.

*Means that: Windows eliminates zeros in the left.

*Consider 5 and 6, to avoid errors in the page numbers.

*The correct statement is: bcdedit /set {badmemory} badmemorylist 0xB7 0xB8 0xB9 0xBA to errors in memtest from 0x000B7000 to 0x000BAFFF. Note that you cannot put a range of memory, but all pages one-by-one.

*Cannot add pages; all pages should be marked in the same command. If it's a new page, adds overwrite older ones. I managed to add 4096 pages in only one command. I have not tried more.

*bcdedit / enum {badmemory} shows the list of marked pages.

*bcdedit / set badmemoryaccess no prevents the marked pages from being used.

*It is necessary to reboot after marking pages and remove access.
Now it runs without crashing.

A: You can set the maximum memory that Windows is allowed to use.
If you can determine the RAM address(es) that are bad, you could use this setting to force Windows to only stay within the good area of memory.
To modify this setting:

*

*Open msconfig (press the start button, type msconfig, then press enter)

*Select the Boot tab

*Press the Advanced options... button

*Enable the Maximum memory checkbox

*Specify how much memory to allow Windows to use (and thus, the topmost physical address to allow it to use)

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Kelleher & Sadowsky is pleased to offer this multi-purpose building property on heavily traveled Sterling Street in West Boylston, MA. The property consists of gross area of ±5,966 SF on ±0.53 acres of land located at the busy intersection of Route 12 and Route 110. It includes two businesses and one residential apartment.
The two retail businesses consist of a very popular restaurant and tackle/bait shop. There is also a two-bedroom apartment attached to the property. All three components are tenants at will but would consider long term leases.


LOS ANGELES –– A California jury has awarded more than $30 million to a former construction supervisor, finding defendant J-M Manufacturing 45 percent liable for the plaintiff's mesothelioma, sources told HarrisMartin.
The California Superior Court for Los Angeles County jury reached its verdict on compensatory damages on Nov. 13 and found that the defendant acted with malice, triggering a punitive damages phase; two days later, jurors issued its award of punitive damages.
Judge Maurice A. Leiter presided over the trial.


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This month, we are highlighting 17-year-old Julia Balkaran, who has been involved with ICA for the past three years as both a volunteer and a student in our tutoring and SAT prep programs.
Julia initially learned about ICA from a family friend. She attributes ICA with helping her connecting to her heritage, stating: "I have gained a better view on my cultural background and encouragement to keep pushing for my goals in life. I feel more connected with my community." Julia also credits our programs with helping with her academics. She said, "I am a better student because [ICA] showed me different ways to open my mind to learning. I read more, I actually study, and I retain information and can understand things at a difficult level."
Julia said she feels hopeful for what's to come because of what she has learned at ICA. "ICA has helped me set up goals for the future because they showed me I am not limited to all these other opportunities. I am able to believe in myself more and outline how I want to accomplish everything in a certain time frame." We wish Julia the very best as she starts her first year at John Jay College of Criminal Justice!
If you are interested in supporting students like Julia through our ICA programs, consider coming to our Gala 2016!
5 Books to Read this Summer
With summer 2016 underway, the Indo Caribbean Special Collection at the Lefferts Branch of Queens Library has over 200 titles in all genres to complement your day at the beach or in the backyard. I personally recommend all of the books in the collection, but I will attempt to narrow that list with these recommendations:
1. Cereus Blooms at Night by Shani Mootoo
First on the list is Cereus Blooms at Midnight by Shani Mootoo. Mootoo is a brilliant, deeply talented writer who draws from her life and experiences to write, with dignity, about those who are not fully accepted by society. Without revealing too much of the plot, Mala Ramchandin supposedly takes revenge on her father for his abuse of her and her sister. Her story is told via her nurse at the home where she now resides, after being declared unfit to stand trial. The characters in the story, who in many ways live on the fringe of society, will draw you in and keep you connected to the narrative.
The collection also hosts Ms. Mootoo's other novels, He Drown She in Sea and Valmiki's Daughter, which are highly recommended.
2. No Pain Like This Body by Sonny Ladoo
No Pain Like This Body by Harold Sonny Ladoo is another tragic novel featuring Indian immigrants in Trinidad. It is raw, real, and captures the essence of early Indian existence in Trinidad. Much like Cereus, the theme of alcoholism, illness, and death are repeated in this novel.
Ladoo, a young writer who was hailed for this classic masterpiece, was tragically and mysteriously found dead while in Trinidad doing research for his follow-up novel.
3. Buxton Spice by Oonya Kempadoo
Buxton Spice by Oonya Kempadoo refers to a type of mango found in Guyana, the tree of which was in constant view of the protagonist of the story, Lula. Kempadoo gives the experience of growing up in a Guyanese village flair with her witty descriptions. She does not hold back when it comes to incorporating the oppressive political world of young Lula and her family. It reads, in many ways, like an autobiography of Kempadoo and will rekindle memories for anyone who grew up in the 1980s in Guyana.
Her father Peter Kempadoo's book Guyana Boy is also in the collection and that, too, is recommended.
4. Bechu by Clem Seecharran
For a more intense read on Indian immigration and indentureship, I always recommend Bechu by Clem Seecharran. A view of the history of Indian indentureship in Guyana through the eyes of an indentured immigrant, Bechu establishes the bearing of immigrants in Guyana in the late 18th century and is a must read for all Indo-Caribbeans.
Dr. Basdeo Mangru's works, especially Benevolent Neutrality, also adds perspective on our history, as does Peter Ruhoman's Centenary History of the East Indians in British Guiana.
5. A Brighter Sun by Samuel Selvon
Last but not least: one of my favorite writers, Samuel Selvon, has a book entitled A Brighter Sun, which features a young Indian man, Tiger, in Trinidad who gets married and ventures out into the world to find out what life is all about. While in many ways typical, the novel deals with the issues facing immigrants in the Caribbean and the coping skills--or lack thereof--employed.
Selvon's Those Who Eat the Cascadura is also in the collection. He is one of the few writers who capture the authentic transitional language of Indians and his novels should also be valued for this reason.
If you love poetry, Rajiv Mohabir's na mash me bone stands out for its lyrical translation from Bhojpuri to "Guyanese" to English. A collection of folksongs, this book is a unique take on translation and interpretation and scores highly for cultural preservation in a literary form. Rajiv's latest book of poetry, The Taxidermist's Cut is also in the collection and on my reading list.
For those interested in the occult, Dr. Kumar Mohabir's work, Indian Caribbean Folklore Spirits will be of interest to you. Of children's books, Janet Jagan's When Grandpa Cheddi was a Boy stands out. Written for her grandchildren, it describes the idyllic life of the late President and his upbringing in Berbice. A few others that are on my reading list are former Ambassador Dr. Odeen Ishmael's The Guyana Story, Deborah Barocas' cookbook Guyana's Tasty Exotic, and The Flour Convoy by Chaitram Singh. If you're a movie aficionado, The Mystic Masseur, based on the book by V.S. Naipaul, is also at the library.
Grab your swank (or coconut water) and your doubles and head on over to the library to get a copy of one of our movies or any of the suggested books here. Feel free to browse the collection for anything else that might pique your interest, be it cooking, politics, history, cricket, or Indian immigration. Happy reading!
By Kaveeta Ramchal
ICA Works Towards Improving Civic Engagement
We are proud of our most recent efforts in improving civic action among residents of our community. Check out our work below!


text:
Q: How to get handle event name on socket-io nodeJs I am working on socket application. and Client emit some event and on the server I handle that event. I want to extract that emitted event from socket object or server. I parsed are socket object but there is nothing which I am looking for. FOR EXAMPLE:
user emit socket.emit('/user/list') on server and handle socket.on('/user/list').. I want to get '/user/list' from socket object. I parsed object but I can't found. If someone know how to get that. I will be appreciated. Thanks in Advance


The government has moved to ban the word "government." The State of Tennessee offers precisely zero legal authority for its rather nitpicky position, and the defense can find none. The Plaintiff has failed to carry its burden on this motion. Moreover, the Plaintiff's proposed ban on speech would violate the First Amendment. The motion should be denied.
Alternatively, he may be called simply "the Citizen Accused." This latter title sounds more respectable than the criminal "Defendant." The designation "That innocent man" would also be acceptable.
attorney." Those terms are substantially more prejudicial than probative. See Tenn. R. Evid. 403. Rather, counsel for the Citizen Accused should be referred to primarily as the "Defender of the Innocent." This title seems particularly appropriate, because every Citizen Accused is presumed innocent.
At the time of the Founding, the common law protected criminal defendants from all successive prosecutions for a single offense, even by different sovereigns. The Framers intended to preserve this fundamental common law protection when they ratified the Fifth Amendment's Double Jeopardy Clause.
In a series of decisions adopting the so-called dual sovereignty doctrine, which permits separate state and federal prosecutions for the same offense, the Court strayed from the Double Jeopardy Clause's original meaning and reduced the protection it affords. In the decades since those decisions were handed down, the constitutional and practical underpinnings of the doctrine have eroded. The Double Jeopardy Clause, like many other fundamental criminal procedure rights, is now applicable to the states. And the exposure of criminal defendants to serial state and federal prosecutions has grown dramatically with the expansion of federal criminal jurisdiction.
This petition asks the Court to restore the original scope of the Double Jeopardy Clause and abrogate the dual sovereignty doctrine.
There's a six-person jury in the Zimmerman case — why six rather than twelve?
Naturally, having a six-person jury rather than a twelve-person jury makes it more likely that the jury will have an unusual demographic mix, such as the Zimmerman jury, which is all female and has no blacks (it apparently consists of five white women and one Hispanic woman). Having a six-person jury will also tend to decrease the likelihood of a hung jury, since a jury of twelve is mathematically more likely to have one outlier holdout than a jury of six (though of course there are complicated social dynamics of the jury in play, as well as the purely mathematical probabilities).
Does the Supremacy Clause mean that the federal government always wins?
Last week, I filed an amicus brief on behalf of petitions for certiorari in Chafee v. United States and Pleau v. United States. These related cases could be among the most important federalism cases before the Court this term. The amici are the Cato Institute and the Independence Institute.
The State of Rhode Island and the federal government are fighting for custody of Jason Pleau, who is accused of perpetrating a murder during the course of a bank robbery. Rhode Island got him first, by revoking his parole for previous crimes. Pleau has offered to plead guilty in Rhode Island state court, and receive a sentence of life without parole for the murder/robbery. Although Pleau's robbery of the bank's night depository involves no particularly strong federal interest (such as the murder of a federal officer), the U.S. Attorney for Rhode Island wants to prosecute Pleau in federal court, and has stated that capital punishment may be sought.
Over four decades ago, the States entered into an interstate compact, the Interstate Agreement on Detainers Act (IADA). The Act provides the procedures for the temporary transfer of a prisoner from one state to another state, for criminal prosecution in the second state. Congress liked IADA so much that it not only gave permission for the compact, it also enacted IADA as a federal statute, and made the U.S. a party to the compact. So under IADA, the U.S. functions just like any other "sending" or "receiving" state.
Naturally, including victims gives rise to various fears. Today I'll discuss three such fears: vengefulness, inequality, and unprofessionalism. Each set of concerns is legitimate, but manageable if not overblown.
First, we tend to assume that victims thirst for revenge. Give victims power, one might think, and they will simply take it out of defendants' hides. To this way of thinking, criminal justice is a zero-sum game, and making victims happier necessarily comes at the expense of defendants, tilting the playing field against them.
But contrary to what one might expect, victims are not reflexively punitive. Empirical studies find that participation by victims does not lead to harsher sentences. Thus, giving victims voices in the process need not produce harsher outcomes, particularly because plenty of safeguards would remain. A neutral judge or jury would have to authorize any conviction or punishment and would weigh the victim's input against the defendant's and all the other evidence. A prosecutor would still be able to override a victim's vengeful, selfish, or otherwise unbalanced requests.
In this week's guest-blog posts on my new book, I've explored just a few of the ways in which our criminal justice machine has drifted far from its moral roots. Today I want to summarize the range of problems and offer just a couple of possible solutions, though the book goes into many more.
Lawyers' bottom-line, cost-benefit approach has brought many undoubted benefits, including efficient case processing and thus crime control. Those goods do indeed matter greatly to ordinary citizens. But criminal justice ought to serve more than this single goal to which it has been boiled down.
The machinery's relentless pursuit of mechanistic efficiency has slighted the downsides: It disempowers victims, defendants, and the public. It cheapens justice into a marketable commodity, a fungible widget to be mass-produced. It eschews the rhetoric of moral judgment in favor of legalese and mathematical gobbledygook.
It also hides the workings of the system, leaving outsiders frustrated and mistrustful and insiders free to indulge their self-interests or idiosyncratic preferences. It exacerbates the cycle of pathological politics of crime legislation, helping to provoke draconian referenda in response and later dishonest subversion of those populist measures.
In addition, the machine neglects remorse, apology, forgiveness, healing of relationships, reintegration, and reentry. It creates a semi-permanent underclass of prisoners and ex-cons in exile. It hollows out large swaths of minority neighborhoods. And it deprives countless children of their fathers and women of their husbands and boyfriends, with little hope that these men will return to lives of lawful work and responsible fatherhood.
In yesterday's guest-blog post on my new book, I explored the gulf between criminal-justice insiders and outsiders, the lawyers and laymen who see criminal justice very differently. The book explores in detail some of the human needs that criminal justice professionals overlook, such as the thirst for remorse, apology, forgiveness, and reconciliation. Today I'll suggest that the root problem is the state's monopoly on criminal justice, and solutions have to involve giving greater roles to victims.
Today, the right to punish belongs exclusively to the state, not the victim. Crimes violate the state's laws and its interest in maintaining public order and social cohesion. The state does not settle for restitution and fines, as private litigants do, but imprisons and even executes wrongdoers. It exacts its justice quickly and impersonally to lock up the dangerous criminal and to deter him and others. All that seems to matter is the bottom-line number of years in prison and, to an extent, accuracy in discerning guilt.
The state-centered model assumes that cold reason should dominate criminal-justice decisions and exclude human emotions. But the cool logic of state-monopolized justice, to the exclusion of victims, conflicts with many people's moral intuitions.
Why should the right to punish belong exclusively to the state? Disputes aren't simply impersonal red flags that alert the government to dangerous threats. They wrong both the state and the victims. Crime has a human face, and that face deserves standing and a say in the matter. The victim or his representative seems naturally to deserve at least a partial right to pay back the wrongdoer.
In yesterday's guest-blog post on my new book, I discussed some of the ways in which criminal justice developed from a common-sense morality play into a professionalized machine during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Now I want to describe what the gulf between criminal justice insiders and outsiders looks like today; offer a few examples of the tug of war that erupts between the two sides; and explain some of the hidden costs of this gulf.
By insiders, I mean the lawyers and other professionals who run the machinery of criminal justice: the prosecutors, police, probation officers, judges, and even defense counsel. They are knowledgeable about investigations, crimes, and punishments. Back when jury trials were common, insiders were primarily adversaries, but now both sides' lawyers collaborate in plea bargaining; cynics might even call it collusion.
Though prosecutors and police are nominally agents of the outsiders whom they supposedly represent — victims and the public — outsiders lack the knowledge and leverage to effectively oversee how insiders do their jobs. Insiders tend to mellow over time, and their practical concerns about huge dockets and fear of losing trials (risk aversion) make them especially pliable in plea bargaining. Finally, as lawyers, insiders are taught to weigh costs against benefits, focusing on neutral, amoral criteria such as speed and cost.


text:
Profit warnings plague corporate China as economy worsens
Third-quarter gross domestic product figures expected to show a deepening slowdown
Beijing: After a bleak first half for corporate earnings in China, the current reporting season is bringing more grim news.
About 44 per cent of more than 1,200 firms that have given profit guidance for the third quarter predicted worse earnings than from a year earlier, in terms of smaller profits, deeper losses or swings into loss. It shows earnings are still deteriorating after a wave of profit warnings in the first half. The ratio is on par with the level in same period last year, which was the highest for a third quarter since 2015.
Pain is spreading through the economy. After worsening data this week, third-quarter gross domestic product figures due Friday are expected to show a deepening slowdown. Concerns about the impact of the trade war on the global economy are building, with the US and China seen to be far apart on negotiations despite pledges made last week.
"It all hinges on the trade talks," said Chaoping Zhu, a global market strategist with JPMorgan Asset Management in Shanghai. "Earnings could deteriorate further as economic weakness will likely persist into the first half of next year, given the impact of trade talks on exports and firms' confidence in investment."
NavInfo Co., a navigation software maker, lost 14 per cent over two days through Wednesday after it estimated a plunge of as much as 91 per cent in nine-month profits on weaker auto sales. Film-distributor Huayi Brothers Media Corp. also sees a loss for the period, triggering a 3 per cent drop over two days through Wednesday. FAW Car Co. saw a three-day decline of 2.1 per cent through Thursday, after flagging a loss of as much as 306 million yuan ($43 million) for the third quarter.
The earnings guidance pool is dominated by Shenzhen-listed firms. Companies listed on the ChiNext board are required to give guidance on their quarterly results, while the rest of the market must flag significant changes such as a rise or drop of more than 50 per cent from a year earlier. Shanghai-listed firms can warn investors of any big change in their quarterly earnings voluntarily.
More than half of companies said earnings probably improved or remained unchanged. Still, China International Capital Corp. estimates profits grew 9.8 per cent in the nine months through September, indicating a slowdown from the 10.4 per cent growth reported for the first half. It sees automakers, developers and liquor producers among sectors under pressure, analysts led by Hanfeng Wang wrote in a note earlier this week.
Companies favoured by investors also face risks if they don't meet lofty expectations. Kweichow Moutai Co. dropped as much as 4.2 per cent Wednesday, after its third quarter earnings growth left analysts unimpressed.
Investors may need to lower their expectations, given that any trade talk progress will take time to filter through to the economy, said Gerry Alfonso, executive director of the international business department at Shenwan Hongyuan Group Co.
"Positive developments, such as a partial trade deal, will help the real economy but you will need to wait a few months to see it actually reflected on the hard data."


Consultative committee (Concom) member Eddie Mapag Alih expressed confidence that the Duterte administration's proposed constitution will "definitely reduce poverty," saying that there is no "one-shot" solution to such problem during the Kartilya forum sponsored by the Development Academy of the Philippines last August at the DAP Building in Pasig City.
Alih said anti-dynasty provisions should be implemented in areas where there is a prevalence of political dynasties. He stressed that there is a positive correlation between prevalence of political dynasties and incidence of poverty.
Alih claimed that what the Concom has proposed is purely a Philippine federalism that it called "Bayanihan Federalism." He emphasized the need to change the constitution because the current unitary system of government has failed to respond to the needs of the Filipinos, "The unitary from of government is highly centralized and this has resulted in a slow-paced development," he said.
"Federalism is about sharing of powers and giving powers to other regions," said Alih as he pointed out that there are powers included in the proposed constitution that are exclusive to the federal government and to the federated regions.
Alih also highlighted that with a federalist system, there would basically be an equal sharing of the national wealth. "The federal government has all the powers to collect all taxes but there are taxes that are only exclusive to the federated regions," he said.
He underscored the impact on Mindanao of the proposed federal government once the proposed constitution is passed, as there will be 12 senators for Mindanao under this system, with Regions 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 and the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao all having their share of senators.
"We believe that the proposed constitution will improve governance and this is not only for Mindanao but it is for the whole country," the Concom member said.
Alih stressed that the body that made the proposed changes has also strengthened the independence and the powers of the Commission on Audit (COA) as it has again included the pre-audit function of the COA among its powers.