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Home » Articles » Texas Uniform Trade Secrets Act » Application of Trade Secret Law in Chemical Formula Cases
Application of Trade Secret Law in Chemical Formula Cases
June 23, 2008 / By Robert Wood
A recent case from the Dallas Court of Appeals explains several concepts that frequently come up in trade secret theft cases. In Global Water Group, Inc. v. Atchley, No. 05-06-00709-CV, 2008 WL 384436 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2008, no pet. h.), the plaintiff had created a water purification system. When the plaintiff's president resigned and formed a competing company, the plaintiff filed suit and contended that its trade secrets had been misappropriated and were being used by the competitor. The jury found in the plaintiff's favor, but the trial court reversed the verdict.
The court of appeals' opinion affirming the trial court contained a useful discussion of the proof needed to support a misappropriation of trade secrets claim.
At the outset, the court noted that to constitute a trade secret, the information in question must actually be secret. The court referenced the Texas Supreme Court's 1958 holding in the K&G case that "the mere fact that knowledge of a product or process may be acquired through inspection, experimentation, and analysis does not preclude protection from those who would secure that knowledge by unfair means." But then the court added this key point: "A trade secret must nevertheless be secret." In other words, even if one obtains his former employer's information by unfair means, for the employer to be able to make a misappropriation of trade secrets claim, the information must, the court says, still be secret.
This concept, while seemingly obvious, could be very important in a case in which a former employee allegedly steals a customer list. The employer, citing K&G, could argue, "Because the former employee improperly acquired the information, he is precluded from arguing that he could have obtained the information by fair means." However, the employee, citing this case from the Dallas Court of Appeals will be able to respond, "Even if I obtained the information unfairly, the employer must, as a threshold matter, prove that the information is in fact secret."
Of course, the employer might have other claims (e.g., conversion) even if it couldn't prove that the information were secret. But one of the advantages of making a trade secret as opposed to a conversion claim is the increased likelihood of getting injunctive relief with the former claim.
The court discussed at length whether the plaintiff's water purification formula constituted a trade secret. According to the court, the plaintiff claimed "no secret in any discrete formula, but rather in an approximate 10:90 ratio of KDF (a water purification substance) to carbon. Global asserts this approximate formula is entitled to trade secret protection because it was different from what others in the industry were using." The court was skeptical of this being a trade secret:
Finally, the imprecise nature of the information weights heavily against it being a trade secret. There is no discrete secret formula at issue, but only an approximate mix of two well-known substances commonly used together. Given the imprecise nature of formula, we question what information Atchley and Aspen should be prohibited from using. For example, should they be prohibited from using a 20:80 ratio, 30:70, 40:60? It thus becomes apparent, it would be difficult to protect such a "formula," without prohibiting fair competition.
Based upon this reasoning, the court of appeals also held that the plaintiff failed to prove "use" of its alleged trade secret:
Global does not contend that Aspen used the same formula, but only that its formula was similar. While two products need not be identical for an inference of use to arise, we nevertheless conclude that similarity under these circumstances is not sufficient to raise such an inference. The similarity lie in the ratio of only two of the components of the mixed media pod, KDF and carbon. As noted above, it is not disputed that others in the industry used canisters with KDF and carbon. Aspen alleged "used Global's trade secret because its product, like Global's, used much more carbon than KDF. While the two products were similar in this regard, there were also differences in the contents of the mixed media pods. For example, Aspen's product contained "separator pads" that kept the KDF and carbon separate. Global's product on the other hand used another purifying substance, PM 1000, as well as gravel. In light of these differences, and the fact that the similarity lie only in the percentages of two commonly used ingredients, no inference of use arises.
The language above could be useful in defending against a claim that one has stolen another's chemical formula. On the one hand, the defendant can challenge whether the formula is sufficiently distinctive to warrant trade secret protection. Moreover, in the absence of direct evidence of use by the defendant, the defendant can argue that mere similarity between its product and the plaintiff's is not conclusive evidence of use.
The court of appeals also explained that the plaintiff's proof was largely conclusory:
Global presented evidence that it guarded its formula, limited access, and required employees to sign confidentiality clauses. There is no evidence however regarding whether or not Global's efforts were successful—specifically whether or not its formula was nevertheless known outside its business.
Further, Global directs us to no evidence of the value of its formula to its business. Global suggests the formula was necessarily valuable because Global had developed the first successful self-contained water purification unit. However, there is no evidence the formula itself was related to the success of the unit. Specifically, Global directs us to no evidence the formula was in any way related to the mobility of the unit or other supposedly novel features of the unit. Weiss did testify that Global's formula removed more contaminates and performed better than anyone else's. This testimony was however largely conclusory and Weiss did not attempt to articulate or explain how Global's formula created better water or how its particular blend gave it a competitive advantage. Nor did he explain how the Global product performed differently than any other product on the market. Indeed, when asked about products that could remove contaminants from water, Weiss responded that he was not an engineer, scientist, or biochemist. Further, there is no expert testimony that the quality of Global's water was superior or that Global's process was cheaper or more efficient. Global has thus failed to point to any evidence to show its formula was valuable. Likewise, Global has not shown the formula gave it a competitive advantage.
This case is a good primer on what a plaintiff in a theft of trade secrets case must prove. Neither secrecy nor use can be assumed; both must be proved. Moreover, conclusory statements of harm are insufficient. The case is particularly informative with respect to trade secret theft cases involving chemical formulas.
Global Water Group, Inc. v. Atchley, No. 05-06-00709-CV, 2008 WL 384436 (Tex. App.–Dallas 2008, no pet. h).


This is a Regular factions server on 1.13.1. We have a Laissez-Faire economy where players regulate the economy. The only exception is that we have enabled /sell hand to get initial capital into the economy. We plan on adding new gamemodes eventually.


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Ife Central (Yoruba: Gbongan Ife) is a Local Government Area in Osun State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the city of Ile Ife to the south of the area.

It has an area of 111 km and a population of 167,254 at the 2006 census.

The postal code of the area is 220.

References

Local Government Areas in Osun State
Local Government Areas in Yorubaland

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


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Brickstarter Promotes Crowdfunding for Community Planning
By Anita Li 2012-12-12 07:30:35 UTC
Kickstarter has seen enormous success with its crowdfunding model for creative projects, but would something similar work for building communities? That's what one new project, appropriately called "Brickstarter," wants to achieve.
While it doesn't provide a service — at least, not yet — Brickstarter says it is "sketching out a system that would enable everyday people, using everyday technology and culture, to articulate and progress sustainable ideas about their community."
In other words, Brickstarter is a prototype for a web-based service that provides citizens with a platform to turn ideas into projects, and encourages them to debate about different proposals. Ultimately, the service would act as a community fundraising tool for local projects. For more on Brickstarter, check out the video above.
How do you think this can contribute, if at all, to community planning and building? Tell us in the comments below.
Image courtesy of Brickstarter
Topics: Brickstarter, Business, Kickstarter

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


iOS update, how to avoid problems, losing pictures and wiping data. Some straight forward rules to follow to make sure you keep all the important documents, images, messages and contacts nice and safe.
It's an obvious thing to say, but it's surprising how easy it is to just click the update. Well don't as this is the most common reason for losing all your data. You have 2 options available; 1, iCloud Backup from your device or 2, iTunes Backup through your computer.
It doesn't really matter which one you use as long as the iPhone, iPad or iPod is backed up. We would recommend plugging into a computer as its much quicker and it's also easier to perform the backup if you're device is short on space.
Allow yourself around 30 – 45 minutes with iTunes and up to 2 hours with iCloud. Once you've performed the backup in step 1 it doesn't really matter if it all goes wrong, but don't worry, you should be fine from this point on. Make sure you're connected to the Wi-Fi and click Settings>General>Software Update. iOS will guide through the process and you'll be up to date in no time!
If your iPhone, iPad or iPod doesn't have enough space to perform the update then you will need to plug it in to a computer with iTunes. It's a common misconception that the update uses all your space up… it doesn't (Well only during the install) once the install has completed the same amount of free space will be available on your device.
You've either not followed the steps correctly or you've found this after a failed iOS update and you're now in panic mode. Well don't worry, here at iRepairTech.com we use special software and equipment that gives you a good chance of being able to recover all or some of your lost data.
You've ended up stuck in a recovery mode loop with the plug into iTunes logo and all your device wants to do is restore and wipe your device… STOP… book your device in with us at the link below and in most cases we can recover your lost data. We specialise in data recovery, so if it can be recovered, we will be able to recover it.


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"Anyone interested in meditation should read this book." The Dalai Lama
There is a sanity and brilliance to mindfulness and meditation, from awakening inner strength, kindness and fearlessness to inviting radical change. Beneath our dramas and conflicts is a calm and peaceful mind.
As an activist in a Chinese jail, Kiri Westby used meditation to maintain her peace. Yogi Seane Corn used mindfulness to work with teenage prostitutes in LA. Play therapist Megan Larson says meditation has deeply influenced her work with children.
The book includes insights from visionary leaders, such as the Dalai Lama, Jon Kabat-Zinn and Marianne Williamson. The Unexpected Power of Mindfulness & Meditation is inspiring and enlightening. Discover how to transform your life from the inside out!
This is so awesome, I love this book! – Ohio Congressman Tim Ryan
Treat this book as you would a cookery book. You wouldn't merely read recipes with approval, you'd try them out. Like cookery, meditation only makes sense if you put it into effect. – The Dalai Lama, Nobel Peace Prize Laureate
Ed and Deb remind us all just how important it is to look after the health and happiness of the mind. With warmth and humor they show us how to integrate the timeless qualities of awareness and compassion into everyday life.– Andy Puddicombe, founder HEADSPACE
Reading this book is itself a powerful meditation. Without even trying, you effortlessly go deeper into your mind and heart. – Professor Robert Thurman
I can be as nuts as the next person, living in a world like we live in with the craziness and chaos. It takes work to retain our sanity in the midst of all that, and to me meditation is the most powerful tool for doing so. – Marianne Williamson, New York Times bestselling author A Return to Love
THE HEART OF YOGA NIDRA
ED SHAPIRO
Most of us experience some degree of stress and many are too frustrated and exhausted to deal effectively with life's pressures. Consumed by the mind's chatter, we can't appreciate the beauty and wonder of creation and we lose touch with the real purpose of our lives.
Ed Shapiro trained with the originator of yoga nidra and draws upon the timeless wisdom of centuries of Eastern meditation teachings to offer an in-depth, easy-to-follow path to profound relaxation and relief. By following these techniques, we can truly still our minds, tapping into a tremendous inner source of richness and creativity, and finding the freedom to realize our true potential.
There are many teachers of meditation, but there are few who can so effortlessly translate such profound and ancient techniques as Ed Shapiro. Andy Puddicombe, Founder HEADSPACE
Change can be transformative but if we put it off then we put living on hold, fixed in old ways of being. Ed Shapiro gives us the courage to embrace change. This is a necessary and timely book. Ohio Congressman Tim Ryan
Buy on Indie Bound
Deb is the author of the international bestseller and award-winning YOUR BODY SPEAKS YOUR MIND Decoding the Emotional, Psychological, and Spiritual Messages That Underlie Illness, now in 19 languages.
Learn the body's language of symptoms, and discover there is an extraordinarily intimate two-way communication going on that affects both your physical state and your mental and emotional health.
"Your Body Speak Your Mind is uplifting, accurate and very helpful for us to live more fully and joyfully." – Christiane Northrup M.D. author of Women's Bodies, Women's Wisdom
Learn More About This Book
Our Meditation Downloads
Visit our Store page to download our meditation CDs.
Awaken Interviews Ed & Deb Shapiro Pt 1 – We Are Not The Movie – We Are the Blank Screen and the Observer
Awaken Interviews Ed and Deb Shapiro Pt 2 – Awakening Is the Evolution of Consciousness
Awaken Interviews Ed and Deb Shapiro Pt 3 – Be In the World, But Not Of It
VOCE Dialogues
Ep.13 | Ed Shapiro, author & teacher
Ep.12 | Deb Shapiro, author & teacher
We teach Mindful Awareness, Meditation, Yoga Nidra, and Bodymind Wisdom; lead Workshops and Retreats; are Mindful Coaches, Speakers and Corporate Consultants; are Award-Winning authors and bloggers for Awaken.com, Oprah.com, HuffPost.com, and Care2.com.
Meditation Books/CDs
Our Radio Shows


Gigantic T-Rex is on the loose and he's devastating whole Mexico! In Mexico Rex you get to control a wild hungry T-Rex and reap havoc everywhere you go. The poor T-Rex was being kept in secret labs and was experimented on and he's managed to escape! Now you have to help him find his vengeance and destroy everything that comes on his path. He was kept on a very bad diet and now is very hungry so you'll need to eat all the humans on the way in order to keep his stomach happy. Leave no man or woman standing!


Granite Stone Crushing Plant. Granite Stone Crushing Process: Big granite materials are fed to the jaw crusher evenly and HP Series Hydraulic Cone Crusher.
(ppt on cement rotary kiln process cone crusher design ppt. jaw Chp Ppt Kleemann Hydraulic Feeder Crusher Mills, 120tph granite mobile jaw crusher in.
/ process of line crusher in cement Apache/2.2.31 Crusher Mills, Cone. Cement Crusher Machines Function granite and bluestone products.
Non-hydraulic cement, We have crusher mills, rock crusher, Fives designs and supplies high quality machines and key process equipment.


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Q: How can I prevent browsers from using default styles All the browsers apply their own default styling to html elements. That leads to difference of views on different browsers. Is there any way to prevent browsers from doing this?

A: Yes you can, you need to use CSS Reset, this will generalize the styles, in other words it will reset the styles across the browsers.
Personally I don't use these, instead I use the snippet below which is more than enough for me.
* {
   margin: 0;
   padding: 0;
   outline: 0;
}

If you want to stabilize more elements, you can make your own, like you can use the below to have pointer cursor when a user hovers any button or link on your website..Yes now that's pretty basic User Experience, than you can use
button, a, input[type=button], input[type=submit] {
   cursor: pointer;
}

Or say don't underline the links and inherit the parent color, so I use
a {
   text-decoration: none;
   color: inherit;
}

This way you can make your own, I prefer this way.

Just a side note, when I go responsive, I change the * snippet to
* {
   margin: 0;
   padding: 0;
   outline: 0;
   -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
   -webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
   box-sizing: border-box;
}

Note: Using Reset Stylesheet won't reset any inheritance, it will only
  reset browser defaults(which won't help you always to make cross
  browser websites) but will prevent loads of cross browsers issues commonly like padding, margin, line-height, base font etc.

A: You might want to look into Normalize.css. It;s used by a large number of frameworks and other reset boilerplates.

A: You can go for reset.css. This should be the first one to be applied to reset any browser specific style..
http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/reset/

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


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Полската белоочица (Lithospermum arvense, син. Buglossoides arvensis) е цъфтящо растение от семейство Грапаволистни. Видът е местен за Европа и Азия, до Корея, Япония и Русия на север и до Афганистан и Северен Пакистан на юг. Известен е на други места като въведен вид, включително голяма част от Северна Америка и Австралия.

Растението е включено в списъка на лечебните растения съгласно Закона за лечебните растения. Европейският съюз дава на рафинираното масло от семената на Buglossoides arvensis статут на иновативна храна и някои фермери го отглеждат с търговска цел в Обединеното кралство като патентован сорт растения (PVP) и търговска марка (Ahiflower). Маслото съдържа високи нива (63 – 72%) на омега-3 ALA (c18:3), омега-3 SDA (c18:4) и омега-6 GLA (c18:3) и има GRAS статус (обикновено считани за безопасни) от Администрацията по храните и лекарствата на САЩ, регистрация на канадски главен файл на съставките (IMF) и статус на иновативна храна и GMP+ статус на поддържащ фураж продукт в ЕС за добитък и домашни любимци (включително за обезмаслено пресовано брашно от експелер).

Съобщава се за семена от Buglossoides в украински археологически обекти, датиращи от 4000 г. пр. н. е., където са били съхранявани в глинени съдове, но целта и употребата на семената не са определени. В съвременното европейско обработваемо земеделие Buglossoides често се появява като плевел със слаби конкурентни и неинвазивни характеристики.

Източници

Грапаволистни
Флора на Европа
Флора на Азия


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Limited edition: 1
1 - £ 245.00 2 - £ 245.00 3 - £ 245.00 4 - £ 245.00
It has sold out! Sign up to our waiting list here.
Get lost in time with the Ricochet watch.
Ricochet is inspired by the world of the pinball arcade and was designed for us by Ryan Claytor.
The three metallic robots, engrossed in the action of the pinball machine were each gilded by hand in a different metallic foil (gold, palladium and copper).
The scoreboard of the game displays the hours and minutes, this watch has a jump hour movement, so you'll need to watch closely to see the hour change - blink and you'll miss it!
There's also a seconds disc used in this design, but instead of displaying the time, this was used behind the glass and creates the effect of flashing lamps on the playfield.
Ryan, who has a deep love for pinball, considers the links between the game and time:
"Pinball is essentially a game of timing: flip a fraction of a second too soon or too late and you'll miss your intended target.
In its more transcendent moments though, a game of pinball can almost mystically remove the player from any concept of time.
When engrossed in a game where shots are being hit, progress being made and previously locked achievements are realized, pinball has the capacity to transport the player out of time entirely.
Rest assured, though, that "Ricochet" will be a faithful temporal reminder once you resurface from this engrossing experience!"
This watch is limited to just 100 pieces worldwide, available exclusively from Mr Jones Watches.
Ricochet was a real labour of love to produce, each watch representing many hours of work.
The individual colours in the design were printed one by one, the metal foils were applied by hand, cleaned and backed with a varnish for protection.
The watches were then assembled and tested by our small team in our London workshop.
Purchases are strictly limited to one per person of this limited edition watch. We don't think it's fair for people to buy to resell them at a higher price, so please don't do this or we will be forced to block your orders.
Ryan Claytor is an award-winning American comics creator and professor at Michigan State University (MSU) where he teaches Comics Studio courses, heads the Comic Art and Graphic Novel interdisciplinary minor, and directs the MSU Comics Forum.
Claytor creates non-fiction comics that, most recently, focus on the history of electro-mechanical coin-operated amusement devices (pinball and arcade games manufactured prior to the implementation of solid-state technology in 1978).
Additionally, he is the Host and Producer of the MSU Comic Art and Graphic Novel Podcast and designs custom neon signs.
You can see more of Ryan's work here: www.ElephantEater.com
Strap: 18mm silver stainless steel
Mechanism: ST1721, 20 jewel automatic mechanical (this means it has no battery, instead it's powered by the movement of your wrist)
Waterproof:Yes! 5ATM
Guarantee: 12 months - any problems after, we're happy to help
Case: 316L stainless steel
Largest strap diameter: 205mm
Smallest strap diameter: 150mm


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- LifeZette - https://www.lifezette.com -
House Fails to Override Trump's Veto, Allowing National Emergency to Stand
Posted By Andrew O'Reilly On March 26, 2019 @ 3:26 PM In Border Security,Constitutional Freedoms,Drain the Swamp,Election 2020,Politics | No Comments
The House of Representatives failed to pass a resolution on Tuesday that would override President Donald Trump's first veto and let stand his declaration of a national emergency at the Mexican border.
The House voted 248-181 in favor of overriding the president's veto and doing away with Trump's emergency declaration — falling 38 votes short of the two-thirds majority needed to pass through the lower chamber of Congress.
Only 14 Republicans voted in favor of the veto override.
Trump's emergency declaration drew unanimous opposition from congressional Democrats and opposition from some Republicans, especially in the Senate, where lawmakers objected that he was abusing presidential powers.
The Pentagon sent lawmakers a list last week of hundreds of military construction projects that might be cut to pay for barrier work.
Though the list was tentative, Democrats were asserting that GOP lawmakers were endangering local bases to pay for the wall.
Related: Trump Declares National Emergency to Protect Border Security [1]
Congress, to which the Constitution assigned control over spending, voted weeks ago to provide less than $1.4 billion for barriers.
Opponents warned that besides usurping the role of Congress in making spending decisions, Trump was inviting future Democratic presidents to circumvent lawmakers by declaring emergencies to finance their own favored initiatives.
Trump supporters said he was simply acting under a 1976 law that lets presidents declare national emergencies.
Trump's declaration was the 60th presidential emergency under that statute, but the first aimed at spending that Congress explicitly denied, according to New York University's Brennan Center for Justice, which tracks the law.
Fox News Chad Pergram and the Associated Press contributed to this Fox News [2] report, which is used by permission.
Read more at Fox News:
Trump Goes Nuclear on George Conway: 'Husband from Hell' [3]
CNN Guest Calls Out Hosts' Newfound Admiration for John McCain [4]
Kim Kardashian Supports California Halting Death Penalty [5]
Article printed from LifeZette: https://www.lifezette.com
URL to article: https://www.lifezette.com/2019/03/house-fails-override-trumps-veto-national-emergency-declaration-stand/
[1] Related: Trump Declares National Emergency to Protect Border Security: https://www.lifezette.com/2019/02/trump-declares-national-emergency-in-order-to-secure-more-border-security-funds/
[2] Fox News: https://www.foxnews.com/politics/house-fails-to-override-trumps-veto-of-measure-to-terminate-national-emergency-on-border
[3] Trump Goes Nuclear on George Conway: 'Husband from Hell': https://www.foxnews.com/politics/trump-goes-nuclear-george-conway
[4] CNN Guest Calls Out Hosts' Newfound Admiration for John McCain: https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/cnns-don-lemon-april-ryan-get-defensive-over-not-praising-war-hero-john-mccain-during-2008-election
[5] Kim Kardashian Supports California Halting Death Penalty: https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/kim-kardashian-supports-california-halting-death-penalty
Copyright © 2017 LifeZette. All rights reserved.


Here at Pennington's, we are proud to offer an extensive range of used ergonomic radial desks for use in schools, businesses and home offices. These stunning designs are not only extremely practical, but are great to look at and can comfortably fit in a full range of different spaces. These tables are a great way of providing the user with a great deal of surface area, whilst still making the most out of the available space.
All our second-hand radial desks are high-quality, meaning that you can equip your space with the best surfaces without running the risk of receiving damaged goods. These models are a great way of saving money when compared to buying newer alternatives.
We are proud to offer a wide range of curved tables to suit your home office, business or educational space. For more information, get in touch with our team directly by emailing us at sales@gfpennington.co.uk. Alternatively, you can call us up on 0800 688 9018 and we'll answer any questions you might have.


This self-sown Lazy Housewife Bean plant, pretty much looked after itself over summer. It grew 230gms of dried beans (minus all the ones I ate fresh off the plant). If only all my plants performed so well.
230 grams of beans from only one plant!
At the end of summer it's now time to pull this worker out. Thankyou bean plant.
All the pods on the plant before I harvested them.
One last tomato sandwich, at least using our home grown tomatoes.
Our Christmas tradition continues with the annual dressing of the Kambah Village sheep. So all that remains is to wish you all Season's Greetings and here's to 2019!
Just a quick photo today of some of our garden peas. I am shelling them, just before putting them in boiling water for one minute to 'blanch'. After blanching I will store them in our freezer to eat another day.
Soil – grow your own!
I missed the United Nations World Soil Day, 5 December, this year, but by way of compensation I have found this post on making compost from earlier in the year, which never made it beyond draft stage. Don't worry about the references to Autumn, compost making is a year round activity. Enjoy!
"As autumn moves along we are clearing out the last of the summer veg and rejuvenating our soil before we plant new crops for winter. This means digging in some of the lovely compost we've been 'growing' over the last few months. OK, so we've just added the material to the bins and the worms, slaters, and other microorganisms are doing the hard yards at breaking the stuff down.
The tomatoes have been cleared out and compost and dolomite lime added ready for new plants.
If you have space for a compost bin then setting one up is a no-brainer. It is an excellent way to reduce some of the costs involved with renewing your soil to ensure your plants get plenty of nutrients.
The golden ratio when it comes to making compost is 1 part of green waste to 3 parts of brown waste. In laymans's terms the 'green' can include household veggie scraps (no meat), or green garden waste such as prunings or fresh grass clippings, tea leaves and coffee grounds. Coffee grounds are an excellent source of nitrogen and they are not acidic after they have been brewed. While some tea bags are compostable many tea bags are now wholly or partly plastic, and you don't want to include any of these in your compost. The 'brown' could include dry leaves, shredded or torn newspaper, shredded office paper, or used bedding from the chook pen. Our compost has a bit of all these.
A barrow load of goodness from our compost bins, which you can see in the background.
One of these bins is dedicated to the super-slow breaking down of leaves into leaf mould, the others are for compost in different stages of decomposition.
find another source of green waste to add to your bin by collecting coffee grounds from a cafe or even leaving a small bin to collect compostable waste from where you work.
Having set up the bin you also need to feed and mix it up or 'turn' it regularly. Let's face it the worms aren't going to hang around if you don't give them some new food every so often. Turning your compost bin allows the air to get into it, to ensures faster decomposition. It also reduces the risk of creating ugly smells.
If you have a compost bin it is just about impossible to turn the contents with a garden fork. If you have a heap or compartment system then a garden fork is fine. The best device I've found to 'turn' my compost is this strange piece of metal with a 'screw' on one end. By turning this tool into the compost you can easily mix the bin's contents. To avoid giving yourself a hernia I suggest you make some shallow digs into the upper 15 cms before you drill further down. It's really not too difficult.
Getting ready to turn the compost.
If you are checking the compost every week (you should be adding stuff to it regularly), then you should be able to head off potentially unpleasant compost situations. If your heap does go wet and nasty make sure you add lots of dry 'brown' material and mix it through thoroughly. Keep a close eye on it until the compost is evenly damp, rather than a foetid mess.
Before I forget, you can also re-cycle your spent potting mix through your system. The potting mix will get nutrients as your heap decomposes and the potting mix will add some structure to what's in the bin.
Re-use and re-cycle also applies to old potting mix!
So happy belated world soil day!
This year my corn planting got off to a very rocky start. Out of habit, and no really good reason, I have always started my corn off in toilet roll tubes and then planted them in the garden when they got to a good size. I tried it this year with two (new to me) varieties, Painted Mountain and Ontos Oval, a popping corn.
It was pretty much a complete failure with only 4 of 24 seeds germinating.
It didn't take long to work out that the potting mix was to blame. What has always been a good quality brand appears to have changed it's mix, or maybe quality control wasn't working because what we got was completely impervious to wetting. I even resorted to pulling the seed back out and potting in a different mix. I got another 3 seedlings up but I have written the rest off.
That left me doing what I should have done originally, direct seeding into the garden beds. I am having a play with planting one batch of Painted Mountain corn into the bed that had my broadbeans in it. Given that last year's re-grown broadbeans gave us the most pods this year, I have cut the recent crop down to ground level and planted the corn between them in the hope that the broadbean roots will continue to fix nitrogen into the bed. The beans are already re-shooting.
Broad beans re-shooting with one of the few Painted Mountain corn seeds that germinated first time around.
Both types of the direct seeded corn are sprouting now, along with their 'sister' beans, this year it's Lazy Housewife beans.
Lazy Housewife beans and the Painted Mountain corn sprouting.
The third 'sister' I have only planted in one bed. Rather than the traditional pumpkin I have planted Purple Sweet Potato. These are purchased plants, as we were totally unsuccessful at striking cuttings from a tuber as we had planned.
Sweet Potato plants with the corn sprouting alongside.
I hope that the sweet potato will grow as well as the crop I saw at the open garden I visited a while back.
Enjoying breakfast outside is one of the pleasures of the spring weather. Today I could hear the sounds of baby birds begging for food. Magpie chicks out the front and a Pied Currawong in the back garden.
The bird in the back garden is a special case. The little Pied Currawong was blown out of it's nest during violent wind storms about 10 days ago. We consulted our local vet practice who advised that if the parents were still looking after the baby we should focus our involvement on keeping the chick safe from ground predators. We took their advice and have had some interesting times since.
Our first decision was to try and keep the chick in one of the outside chicken runs. This way the parents could easily feed the baby but the fences would provide some safety from the local cats, dogs and foxes. The chick had other ideas. This little bird has hopped around and over the fences we hoped might keep it in the safer parts of the garden.
It was more difficult to decide how to handle overnight management of the chick. The first night we couldn't find the chick and despaired to find it again. Yet the next morning there it was several metres up a tree! Unfortunately it didn't take long for the little bird to be hopping down from it's safe perch. Since that first night we have opted to put the chick in one of our pet carrying boxes each night. The box stays outside where the adults can see the chick and I get to get up at day break to let the chick out. It's a good thing we did this, as a few days ago I walked down to let the chick out and found a cat's collar and bell on the path only a few metres away from the cage.
A couple of times a day we pick the chick up off the ground because we are worried that it could also be attacked by our chickens (sometimes chickens act in unpleasant ways). I have learned the hard way to give the chick a sturdy stick to hang onto, so I avoid painful puncture wounds. I also want to avoid handling the chick as much as possible.
We don't expect the chick will be around for much longer as every day it's wings carry it a bit further into the trees. It still remains fully dependent on the parents for food and looks like that will be the situation for some time to come. In the interim we enjoy our small visitor while the parents remind us that we are tolerated as helpers, but that's all.
I see it's been a while since I last posted which is mainly due to us being away again.
Sadly while we were away our oldest chicken Artemesia (AKA Arte), left us for the great chook perch in the sky.
The ever reliable broad beans have gone from small plants to barely constrained in 6 weeks, as you can see from the photos.
The other half of the team has been experimenting with kang kong/water spinach. We got a bunch from the markets and stuck a few stems in a bottle of water. Just over one week later it has roots galore!
We will be planting it out very soon. Although it is a tropical plant our summer's in Canberra are hot enough for us to get a useable crop in one season. These will be a great addition to our stir fries.
That's about the only way to describe the smell in my car this morning as I drove home from the nursery with bags of compost cow manure and potting mix.
Luckily I was able to temper the odours a bit by stopping at the local coffee shop to pick up a large bucket of coffee grounds. I even had time for a cup of hot chocolate and a quick sketch. The coffee grounds will be used as a barrier to dissuade the local snails and slugs from completely destroying the lettuce and kale seedlings.
Much more pleasant was the glorious scent of the broad bean flowers, next to where the lettuce were planted out. And yes I even managed to plant out all the new seedlings and pot up my new Bay tree.
Must be the scent of spring!


Jul 20, 2008 The worlds biggest machine v Xinhai d8r. Chuck Norris used to play with this when he was a toddler.. Read more. Show less. Reply 31 32.
Apr 26, 2012 is a bucketwheel excavator or mobile strip mining machine. in 1978, Bagger 288 superseded NASAs CrawlerTransporter, used to carry the and Apollo Saturn V launch vehicle, as the largest land vehicle in the world.
Magnificent machines: The Bagger 288 Bucket Excavator The worlds previously largest land vehicle, the puny 26foottall platform NASA used to tow the Space Shuttle from one A Germanpany called Rheinbraun needed it to excavate the enormous Tagebau Hambach coal mine in western Germany.
Aug 12, 2017 Want to see some of the worlds biggest machines? construction and mining vehicles and some interesting novelties for your entertainment. .. She stands in at 15 meters and moves using 50 axes of hydraulic movement.
Jan 22, 2018 By using or registering on any portion of this site, you agree to our User Billed as the largest electric shovel in the world today, Big Brutus didnt always carry that title. the machine along with 100,000 for restoration to Big Brutus, Inc., shovel open as am dedicated to the areas mining history.
Dec 20, 2013 Mining excavators are giant machines and the largest models in the world can Hitachi EX80006 is the worlds second biggest excavator.
Jun 20, 2014 The largest hole in Europe is an openpit coal mine in Germany, and everything inside is just enormous, including machines that are the length of Germany has more solar power than anywhere else in the world. underground, and that the government is aiming to use 80 renewable energy by 2050.
Xinhai Global Mining Were here to help you tackle challenges headon We work hand in hand with you to address big issues: Controlling costs.
Oct 1, 2010 1Strata 950 The drilling machine that was used to save the 33 Chilean miners of rock and free the 33 trapped miners workers trapped in a collapsed copper mine. 2Antonov An225 Worlds largest and heaviest aircraft.
The Moatize coal mine in Mozambique uses some of the largest Hitachi It is operated by Vale, the second largest metals andpany in the world.
Mar 12, 2007 The worlds largest land vehicle mines for coal in Germany, but it could dig for The plan is to use similar machines to get at a wealth of gold.
Aug 16, 2010 We take a look at six of the biggest monsters of earth moving. Many of the extreme machines on our list have spent time in mines, but only Bagger 293 digs for lignite, a lowgrade coal used in steamelectric power plants.
Mar 5, 2017 Mining excavators, or should we say run of the mill excavators on steroids, are impressive machines. Lets look at some really big ones.


Reviewing the beauty of beach attractions in Bali, almost endlessly ranging from popular and many visitors such as Kuta, Sanur or Tanjung Benoa to beaches away from the attention of tourists such as Medewi Beach is located in the village of Medewi, Kec. Pekutatan, Kab. Jembrana. Everything offers its own beauty and uniqueness, able to sedate the attention of tourists to feel at home for long stay in this thousand island island. All the attractions are consolidate Bali as a tourist destination of the world and also in Indonesia, so it is not surprising that every year this small island still occupies the top priority as a destination for the streets for tourists. Medewi beach is located West Bali tourist area, distance from Denpasar about 72 km, to the provincial line of Denpasar – Gilimanuk, so access to tourist attraction in Bali is very easy to access. From the main highway, you need about 100 meters on foot to the beach, the area is still beautiful and natural, along the way you will be treated to rice paddies landscape of green, especially when the harvest season when rice starts yellowing, adding naturalness and natural keeksotisan. Being a beautiful place, a blend of natural beaches and rice paddies together presents spectacular natural scenery that you rarely find in Bali. The main attraction at the beach object Medewi beach is presenting the natural scenery of the clear blue sea, as well as black sandy beaches, glistening like a pearl when exposed to sunlight. Nuance nature is peaceful, quiet and still quiet visitors give a distinctive impression when you are bored and saturated with the crowd. Waves wave high and elongate so that became the target of the surfers, not surprisingly this tourist attraction in West Bali visitors are still dominated by surfers, especially foreign guests. Its location is quite far from the tourism centers such as the tourist area of South Bali including Kuta tourism, Nusa Dua and the airport makes it rarely visited by domestic tourists. But what this Medewi beach offers, will give you a different experience while you are vacationing on the island of Dewata, scheduling a walk in Bali with your dear couple and looking for anti mainstream places then Medewi Beach will be able to reward you with a special experience. The beach atmosphere is quiet and lonely visitors you can use as a place to relax, can more freely and maximize chatting while enjoying the dance of surfers who conquer the waves, menyuguhi blend of special nature romans can wash away the tension of the mind. The rustic natural atmosphere with Balinese culture and beautiful rice fields embraces a more perfect atmosphere of peace. Moreover, you are a lover of surfing sports, then the attractions of Medewi beach you must visit, the waves are high and curl lengthwise ready to challenge you, ideal for watersport surfing, be it for beginners as well as professional both for children and adults, is one of the best beach for sport the body. Medewi Beach The place is quiet and more quiet makes the surfer can more freely try out the wave height. For this reason the object is more dominated by foreign tourists who play surfing. But you as a connoisseur of coastal tourism, treat the natural beauty of the sea, black sand beaches and liukan the surfer, become interesting scenery and deserve to be immortalized. But if you want to take a shower be warned because the waves are big enough and some parts of rocks a lot. Medewi beach is quite gentle starting from the west side facing South with a curve at the eastern end and the waves are always big, so almost every day always surfers kontraksi here, because they are always treated to high waves challenging waves. If you are traveling or scheduled a tour in Bali and one of the destinations to Medewi beach, come in the afternoon, in addition you can watch the surfing players, also treat the sea view with the backdrop of the sunset look beautiful, plus the lined fishing boats lined in edge of the beach complement the panorama that is served. Potential development of Medewi beach becomes one of the mainstay of Jembrana Regency is very good, for that the developers in the tourism industry provide hotel facilities in this area include Medewi Beach Cottage and Dikaloha Surfcamp Medewi, you can stay at one of these hotels, in order to enjoy the natural atmosphere more beach maximum. This area also has restaurants, parking lots and public toilets. Although Medewi Beach is relatively quiet and still rarely visited by tourists, but during the holiday season many locals crowded the area, just refreshing and finding other atmosphere for recreation.


i feel that leaving as little reaction time for your opponent is best.
My favorite return is when I hit a return that would go way out... but the other team plays it .
In reality though my best return is down the middle, low.


Estonian dream-poppers 'Pia Fraus' formed in 1998 and released four studio albums and a handful of EP's on various record labels worldwide. Their collective sound is a sublime mixture of dream-pop, subtle shoegaze and beautiful electronica all topped off blissfully with shimmering layered vocalisations. The band are made up of Eve Komp – vocals/synths/metallophone, Kärt Ojavee – synths, Rein Fuks – guitars/vocals/percussion, Reijo Tagapere – bass and Margus Voolpriit – drums and after a ten year hiatus they have returned with a brand new album entitled 'Field Ceremony', to be released on October 16th 2017 via Seksound Records (EU) Shelflife (US) & Vinyl Junkie (JPN) with former member Kristel Eplik returning to record backing vocals and former drummer Joosep Volk also returning to direct the video for 'That's Not All'. The full album is available to pre-order right now on various formats from the aforementioned record companies.
Entrancing sound waves swirl and meld effortlessly with the uplifting sweep of fizzing synth and woozy pull of reverberating guitars as 'It's Over Now' unfurls it's sonic tendrils and wraps itself around steady percussion and the throb of luscious bass frequencies. The repetitive vocal line floats effortlessly alongside sweeping electronics and the buzz of fret noise that steadily builds into a majestic crescendo of noise accompanied by the ghostly refrain of undulating reverb. 'Never Again Land' moves brilliantly through catchy chord changes and hazy instrumentation as a busy percussive pattern pulses through a pre-ordained flight path. The glorious duel vocal attack is simply mesmerising and it glides on waves of swirling synth, the hum of bass and those resonating guitar lines before collectively pausing for breath, held fast in a sticky lysergic hued instrumental break anxiously awaiting ejection into a grand finale. Up next, 'Autumn Winds' howls into audible range heckled by a screaming synth line before exploding into a colourful cacophony of sound. It charges headlong into a catchy melody driven fog filled with swirling almost incantational reverberations. Steady percussion, soaring synth and pulsing bass lines allow addictive guitar progressions to wrap themselves around another impressive vocal performance that loops and arcs brilliantly throughout the sonic ether.
'Mountain Trip Guide' rattles into existence on a lazy drum pattern as pulsating bass frequencies, fizzing electronics and surging synth swells glide in close proximity. Beautiful vocalisations swirl through catchy hook laden guitar progressions whipped by reverberating lead lines and addictiveness of effected slide guitar. 'No Filters' floats effortlessly on the up draft of impressive synth swells, the metronomic thud of percussion and the swirl of reverb as 'Pia Fraus' deploy a modern dream-pop gem. Shimmering guitars accompanied by the whirl of organ push the tempo on as the track builds momentarily before pulling back and gently descending to a final stop whilst 'Endless Clouds' lurches into a organ filled whirlwind peppered by the thrill of tremulous guitars and explosive drum patterns. Intense melody accompanies those gorgeous vocalisations as pulsating bass progressions wind their way through cascading synth and the pull of luscious reverb. Up next, the opening bars of 'Sugar High Of The Year' erupt into an fuzzy sonic behemoth filled with explosive percussion, raging guitars and soaring synth swells. The track echoes through quieter moments of instrumentation allowing the vocals to move through those impressive verse patterns before exploding into a mesmerising display of blissed out noise.
'Don't Tell Me How' is simply divine and it shimmers and glides through undulating waves of instrumentation that glisten with graceful lustre, drenching melancholic vocalisations in scintillating reverberation that echoes and lingers with every single note, chord change or plucked string. It's deeply infectious and beautifully constructed making it an album highlight for me. The albums penultimate piece entitled 'Brutal Truth Of The World' opens up pulsing atmospherically through massive walls of hazy reverb hued guitars. Slow moving percussion, circumnavigated by the constant sweep of synth and the undulating rumble of bass accompany another impressive duel vocal performance laced with stunning melody that collectively leads the listener through pretty impressive instrumental passages of sonic light and shade right up until its finale. The album closes out with 'That's Not All', a turbulent sonic whirlwind filled with woozy guitars, charging drum patterns, the plink of synth and the throb of bass frequencies all wrapped around those stunning melody driven vocalisations. A fitting ending to an absolutely marvellous album.


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Updated 14 August, 2020 - 13:59 Aleksa Vučković
The Polabian Slavs: A History of a Vanquished People
Not all of history's tales have a happy ending. In fact, most of them are rife with sad fates and great turmoil, with the ruthless passage of time erasing entire nations. One of these tales it that of the Polabian Slavs . Westernmost of all Slavic tribes, these warriors and traders struggled for survival through their entire existence. Known also as the Pomeranians or the Baltic Slavs, they were fundamental in the historical development of western and central Europe, and the emergence of Germany, from whom they suffered centuries of competition. Join us as we uncovered the history of these diverse Slavic tribes about whose ethnogenesis there is a wealth of information and who remain a subject of active research to this day. What was the fate of these tribes? And, what have they left behind? The truth can be easier to discover than you might think.
Early History of the Polabian Slavs
The name Polabian Slavs is an umbrella term for all the various Slavic tribes that dwelt on the westernmost reaches of Slavic habitation alongside the Elbe river in today's Eastern Germany. This name itself is Slavic, a cognate of po + labe , meaning "by the River Elbe". The territory of these tribes spanned from the Baltic Sea in the north, to the Elbe and Saale rivers in the west, up to the Lower Jutland peninsula's Sachsenwall in the north-west, and south towards the regions of the Czechs and Poles.
Together with the rest of the Slavic world located in central, southern, and eastern Europe, they formed an almost unified continuum of Slavonic cultures and peoples that shows us an important insight into their migrations, connections, and the emergence of modern Slavic nations. With an almost unified and unbroken border between north and south Europe, these Slavic tribes shared common knowledge and were largely united, contrary to what was previously believed.
The Polabian Slavic tribes dwelt alongside the Elbe river, seen here in winter, located in modern eastern Germany. ( MJ Fotografie / Adobe Stock)
Polabian Slavs and Their Settlement of Modern Germany
The earliest settlement of Slavs in what is modern Germany took place in the early 6 th century AD. After the so-called Migration Period that began in Europe in the 1 st century AD and lasted to circa 500 AD, the regions we mentioned above were largely left unsettled and empty. With the increasing numbers and regular migration of Slavic tribes, many of these drifted westwards, and settled alongside the numerous rivers in Germany, as was a common trait of the Slavs.
Nowadays, the original source of all Slavic tribes is fiercely debated, but new research shows that they could have developed over a much larger area of Europe than was previously believed. A powerful clue for this are the toponyms that are shared with Slavic regions to the north and south, as well as the mentions in Frankish and Byzantine early medieval sources that paint a clear picture of regular Slavic migrations across Europe.
From their settlement in the 6 th century, these Slavic tribes steadily developed in this new region. They preserved their identity to the fullest, retaining several key Proto-Slavic traits, both linguistically and culturally. Skillfully adapting to their surroundings, and always defending themselves from their warlike Germanic neighbors, Polabian Slavs chose strategic solutions for their villages and forts. An enormous percentage of known Slavic gords – or forts – in the Elbe river vicinity was built almost exclusively at hard-to-reach locations, mostly on small lake islands. They built their villages using a circular setup, making them easy to defend. This trait remains even today amongst some Slavic minorities in Germany, of which we shall speak more.
Westernmost of all Slavic tribes, the Polabian Slavs struggled for survival through their entire existence. ( Public domain )
Brethren, Cousins, and Family Feuds: The Polabian Slavic Tribes
Numerous Polabian Slavic tribes are recorded, both large and small. We shall mention those most important and crucial in the historic development of this region. The primary Polabian tribe were the Obodrites. Their name is purely Slavic, and either comes from the Slavic word *bodrity or *obodriti, from Proto-Slavic root *bъ̀drъ, all meaning "to support", "to encourage", "to bolster". Another explanation for the name is far simpler: relating to the river Oder, and meaning "those beyond the Oder River". The Obodrites developed into a confederation that included smaller tribes such as Travnyans, the Drevans, Wagrians, and Warnowers.
Further to their east, on the Baltic shores, were the Veleti, also called the Wilzi and Lyutici. This group was comprised of several smaller tribes, chief amongst them being the Circipani, Hyzhany, and the Ratari. Other tribes worth mentioning, further to the south, such as the Glinyani, Rechany, Doshany, Ruyani, Sorby, and many others.
The Polabian Slavs were firm believers in the Pagan pantheon, including Perun and Veles, depicted here during their legendary battle. ( Russian Culture )
Pagan Pantheon of the Polabian Slavs
It is known that the Polabian Slavic tribes placed great emphasis on the Pagan pantheon , and that each major tribe had their own protector-deity, one that was part of a Slavic pantheon shared by all tribes. For example, the main town and the political center of the tribe of Ratari (Redarians), was Radigast. The town was named after the common Slavic god of hospitality, Radigost (also known as Radigast, Radegost or Radgosc), and he was also the protector-god of the tribe.
A Christian emissary, Adam of Bremen, wrote about the cult worship of this god, describing that it was worshiped in a wooden temple that was raised on a mound of animal horns. Besides several wood idols of gods, a stallion was kept in the temple at all times. Either black or white, the stallion was sacred to the god, and was used as an oracle for important events, such as battles. Each major tribe and town had such a temple, with a horse, albeit devoted to a different god, for example to Perun, Veles, Svetovid (Swantewit), or Swarozych.
Otto the Great quashed the Slavic rebellion led by Obodrite ruler Nakon in 955 at the Battle of Raxa River, forcing them to adopt Christianity. ( Public domain )
Subjugation to the Franks and the Danes
All Polabian Slavs were in contact with, and subdued to the Franks, although their relationship was never 100% clear. Furthermore, the Franks relied on a divide and conquer strategy, often enlisting different Slavic tribes to fight against one another. In this vein there was the so-called Sorbian (a.k.a. Serbian) March, a frontier region of East Francia, that was created in the 9 th century to protect the borders from the restless Sorbian tribes. From the 9 th to the 11 th centuries, this region was the location of numerous Slavic insurrections. We also know that Charlemagne used the Obodrite Slavs in his own campaigns against the Saxons in the lower Jutland peninsula. They were his allies for several decades, warring not only against the Saxons, but against Slavs as well, particularly the Veleti.
At this point, it's worth concentrating on the Obodrites. From circa 808 to 1200, this tribe was a focal point of the region. Allied to the Carolingian Kings , they were the enemies of the Danes, who sought to rule the Baltic Region. The Obodrites were powerful and somewhat unpredictable. On several occasions they rebelled or rose up against their allies in the hope of seizing greater power. For example, the Obodrite ruler Slavomir abandoned his alliance with the Franks and joined the rebelling Serbs, only to end up captured and abandoned. His successor, Ceadrag, also rebelled against his Frankish allies and allied himself with the Danes, but later switched back.
An important event occurred several decades afterwards. In the mid 900's, the Obodrite ruler Nakon and his brother Stoigniew led a Slavic rebellion against the Germans. They were defeated in 955 at the Battle of Raxa River, by the German King and Holy Roman Emperor Otto the Great . After this defeat, Nako was forced to adopt Christianity. But – famously stubborn – the Slavs abandoned Christianity several times in the following decades.
The Wendish Crusade was a major military campaign, conducted by the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, directed against the Polabian Slavs (called the Wends by the Germans). ( Public domain )
The Obodrite Confederation and the Fall of Polabian Slavs
One of the most important figures of the Obodrites, and the Polabian Slavs in general, was Niklot, the chief of the Obodrite Confederacy. He led this confederation into a widespread revolt against the German King Lothar III and his Danish vassal Prince Canute during the 1120's. Even now, the Polabians held to their Pagan gods . Niklot, for example, renounced Christianity and reverted to Pagan belief. Betrayed by his Saxon allies, Niklot was murdered, and his lands partitioned between the Christians.
His son, Pribislav, accepted the sovereignty of the Holy Roman Empire and became a vassal, accepting Christian faith and becoming the first Prince of Mecklenburg, recovering a part of the Slavic territories in Mecklenburg. The emerging House of Mecklenburg would develop into one of Germany's most powerful and influential noble houses, and would end up to be one of the last ruling noble houses of Europe, being abolished in 1918. After the baptism of Pribislav and his acceptance of German rule, a gradual process of Germanization began for the Polabian Slavs, who gradually lost their identity.
Even before the death of famed Niklot the Polabian Slavs in general, and not just the Obodrites, suffered greatly against the increasing pressures of the Danes and the Germans. In 1147, the so-called Wendish Crusade began, a major military campaign of the Kingdom of Germany and the Holy Roman Empire, directed exclusively against the Polabian Slavs (called the Wends by the Germans). German archbishoprics placed increased pressures against the majorly pagan Slavs and sought to convert them to Christianity – by any means possible. With Niklot's preemptive actions against the Crusaders, and the Pope's call for action, the region was embroiled in a major struggle for power, much to the disadvantage of the Slavs. In the end, after suffering expulsions, destructions, forceful conversions, and even death, the Polabian Slavs were Catholicized. Thus began their gradual assimilation into the German culture.
Christianization and Assimilation Under German Domination
In the end, the pressure was too much for the Polabian Slavs. The increasing power of the Germans and the Holy Roman Empire, paired with internal strife, was too much to bear. The centuries that followed after their Christianization saw their gradual assimilation. Amongst the last of their tribes to fall were the Rani or Rujani. They inhabited the Rügen (Rujan) island off the coast of Pomerania, and boasted one of the most powerful Slavic cult religious sites, called Arkona. This powerful fort fell to the Danes in 1168, when King Valdemar sacked it and toppled the pagan idols which stood there. After this, the Rani prince Jaromar became a Christian and a vassal to the Danes.
The only tribe that has retained some vestige of their identity in modern times are the Sorbs. Although suffering the same processes of assimilation as the others, they managed to preserve some of their culture in the region of Lusatia. Today, they are a minority in Germany, and are split into the Lower and Upper Sorbs. Their language belongs to the West Slavic group and shares similarities with Polish, Serbian and Czech, although being markedly different.
Faith or Economy? Why Pagan Religions Lost Their Position in Europe
How Bad was Life in Medieval Europe Really?
The Crusades Beyond the Battlefield
Other tribes weren't as lucky as the Sorbs. They were all assimilated by the Germans, losing their culture and language. The last speaker of a Polabian language died in the early 18 th century, speaking the Drevani Polabian dialect. With their death, the language died also, although a limited vocabulary is preserved in various writings.
Even so, the remnants of the Polabian Slavs remain for all to see. The Eastern half of today's Germany is filled to the brim with Slavic toponyms, especially in the Mecklenburg-Vorpommern region. Moreover, some of Germany's most important cities were founded by the Polabian Slavs, and their names remain fully Slavic. These Slavic towns include: Berlin, Rostock ( Rastoke), Schwerin ( Zwieryn), Neubranderburg ( Branibor), Güstrow ( Guščerov), Wismar ( Wyszemir), Neustrelitz ( Strelica), Oldenburg ( Starigrad), Lübeck ( Liubice), Bautzen ( Budyšin), Cottbus ( Chóśebuz), Luckau, Kamenz ( Kamenica), and many, many more.
Remnants of the Polabian Slavs can still be found around the Elbe river vicinity, where they chose strategic solutions to build Slavic gords – or forts – at hard-to-reach locations using a circular setup, making them easy to defend. ( Aufwind-Luftbilder / Adobe Stock)
Vae Vitis : The Fate of the Polabian Slavs
If you reflect upon the sad fate of the Polabian Slav nation and their assimilation, you have to wonder to what extent has their culture really disappeared? How much of today's eastern Germany is actually inhabited by German people, and not Slavs who have over time adopted German culture and its language? Either way, history once more provides us with a unique perspective in relation to one of Europe's major nations, bringing to mind the famous expression: Vae Victis (Woe to the Conquered). For it is the victor who decides the future of a nation, and can make its culture and customs disappear at their whim. As long as we can remember, we can preserve. This Slavic tale deserves to be heard and the history of the Polabian Slavs must not be forgotten: a nation and its people cannot so easily disappear.
Top image: Amongst the last of the Polabian Slav tribes to fall were the Rani who boasted one of the most powerful Slavic cult religious sites, called Arkona. This powerful fort fell to the Danes in 1168, when King Valdemar sacked it and toppled the pagan idols which stood there. Source: Public domain
By Aleksa Vučković
Benhmoel, N. 1860. Epea Pteroenta: Conveying Revelations of the Past . N.L. Benhmoel.
Dvornik, F. 1962. The Slavs in European History and Civilization. Rutgers University Press.
Roslund, M. 2007. Guests in the House: Cultural Transmission Between Slavs and Scandinavians 900 to 1300 A.D. BRILL.
Waldman, C. and Mason, C. 2006. Encyclopedia of European Peoples. Infobase Publishing.
Ивић, М. 1993 . Јужнословенски филолог 49 . Институт за српски језик САНУ.
Polabian Slavs
Slavic tribes
Baltic Slavs
River Elbe
Obodrites
pagan gods
Holy Roman Emperor Otto III
Wendish Crusade
I am a published author of over ten historical fiction novels, and I specialize in Slavic linguistics. Always pursuing my passions for writing, history and literature, I strive to deliver a thrilling and captivating read that touches upon history's most... Read More
David Morris wrote on 14 August, 2020 - 23:01
One of the 3 Abrahamic relegions conquering and killing and force converting people... Say it isn't so...
Pete Wagner wrote on 14 August, 2020 - 14:46
The warlike Germanics/Aryans/Nordics is a deceptive, politically-correct myth. The explanation for the ancient ring forts makes no sense. Let's not forget these people came from survivors the Ice Age, who could only have flourished in earth-insulated shelters. The ring fort ruins were almost certainly constructed for that purpose, as stone domes, insulated/protected by earth with a mound-like appearance. There would have been ventilation for fire and running water. Perhaps some had lower levels within the limestone and salt caverns that should be explored. Their construction would have required a lot of focused work and time, which would not have been possible were the people warlike and aggressive to neighbors. No, the warlike people – e.g., the invading Romans or slave-grabbing Ottoman Turks/Persians – came later, likely using using deception to divide the aboriginal Aryan tribes and naive clans, and pit them against one another. The WWs were actually a continuatin of this!
Nobody gets paid to tell the truth.


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The Future of Syria: Political Turmoil and Prospects of Democracy
The political turmoil and violence in Syria seems virtually irreversible. The Assad regime has failed to respond to international calls to end the violence. Prospects for a peaceful transition seem bleaker every passing day. As one of the biggest external stakeholders in the future of Syria, Turkey has abandoned its earlier efforts to help Syria transition to an administration responsive to its people's demands. Turkey and the US emerged among others as the most vocal critics of the Assad regime. What are the prospects of a transition to democracy in Syria? Can there be a reversal of violence? What does future hold for Syria? What kind of an affect might Syria's future have on the regional dynamics?
Helena Cobban, Writer and Analyst
Erol Cebeci, Executive Director, The SETA Foundation at Washington D.C.
Kilic Kanat, Non-Resident Fellow, The SETA Foundation at Washington D.C.
by Emsu Gorpe
Kilic Kanat began with opening remarks by outlining the current situation in Syria's ongoing unrest, noting that the Assad regime has failed to respond to international calls to end the violence. Kanat highlighted the recent decision by the Arab League to impose economic sanctions on Syria, which include travel bans on high-level senior officials, a ban on transactions with the Syrian Central Bank, and a halt to all commercial exchanges with the Syrian government. He added that Syria also faces serious pressure from the UN. A report released by the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva has found patterns of gross human rights violations, arbitrary arrests, torture, and enforced disappearances.
Helena Cobban discussed key differences between Egypt, Tunisia, and Syria, currently ruled by minority Alawites. One difference is the institutional development of the countries. In both Egypt and Tunisia, civil society organizations were involved in the uprisings, whereas in Syria, "you don't have the same rich network of bar associations and journalists that operate more or less independent of the regime," she said. Second, Syria is in a continuing state of war with Israel. Third, Syria has a unique geographic location bordering Sunni-dominated Turkey and Jordan, Shiite-dominated Iraq and Lebanon, as well as the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights. Cobban noted that Syria's pluralistic pot of ethnicities and religious groups adds to the list of challenges.
Cobban then laid out several efforts that should be pursued by non-Syrians, including de-escalation of tensions. She stated, "Many communities in the country are opposed to a knife-edge of sectarian killings—a result of 'fitna'." She stressed that the international community should not provoke Syria's long-simmering sectarian tensions. Cobban also urged for the provision of hope that is "all Syrian citizens, regardless of their religious and ethnic backgrounds, to have a hope that they can build a future in that country." She noted that Assad's regime is "acting out of a large degree of fear." On the role of Turkey, Cobban stated that "Turkey is a remarkable role model for Middle Eastern countries," with its successful economy, improved civil-military relations and continuance of democratization process. She also urged Turkey and South Africa to cooperate as "midwives of democracy" in Syria's transition to democracy.
Erol Cebeci focused on Turkish-Syrian bilateral relations. He noted that Turkey had been in a state of cold war with Syria during the 1990s. One of the AKP's foreign policy successes was improving relations with Syria, as a part of its 'zero problems with neighbors' policy. "Without questioning the legitimacy of the governments," he said, "Turkey advocated political integration to better economical and political relations while encouraging change in the region." He noted that Turkey was instrumental in Iraq in successfully convening different ethnic and religious groups in the election process. Cebeci also stressed that Turkey has played an important role in a few areas, including providing safe haven for Syrian refugees, working closely with the Syrian opposition and allowing them to operate from Turkey. There are currently about 10,000 refugees sheltered in Turkey.
Cebeci added that even at a time when the Bush administration was calling for the isolation of Syria, Turkey continued to invest in Turkish-Syrian relations. As early as December 2010, Turkey had been a "good friend" to the Assad regime but that relationship left in tatters after Assad failed to keep his promises of reform. As a result, "in August, Turkey shifted its Syrian policy and started to support the demands of the Syrian people." With regards to the Arab League, Cebeci noted that "Syria is an important part of the Arab World and events in Syria will have tremendous consequences for the entire region."
The floor was then opened to questions, which revolved mainly around the effectiveness of sanctions. Both panelists agreed that sanctions must have a goal that is, in this case, to pressure the Assad regime to end violence against the citizens of Syria. Cebeci emphasized the need for Assad to negotiate a political outcome, suggesting a possible "free exile of the entire Assad family." Emphasizing the lack of many good options in Syria and the Syrian leadership's refusal to lead the transition to democracy, Cebeci quoted an analyst saying, "Assad was offered a rope by Turkey to pull himself out of the well, but he decided to place it around his neck."
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VIDEO UPDATE By Helen Caldicott - click on link.
"IT'S TOO LATE NOW IT'S TOO LATE THOUGH I REALLY DID TRY TO MAKE IT"
Two other absolutely ridiculous statements were contained in this brief five paragraph article.
Well with statements like this from BC's main media we can be certain everything else is simply nonsense.
"Damaged" What ignorant idiotic garbage was that? These were three Nuclear reactors that exploded and melted down! They continue to melt down. AND how in anyone's brain can it be referred to as "decommissioning"? We have a Nuclear catastrophe! Decommissioning is turning something off not addressing the worst catastrophic event mankind has ever seen. "Poor Maintenance - Continuing Problems"?
Wow, there are not enough adjectives in which to ridicule the Vancouver Province.
We suppose the Province and Post Media do not think British Columbians can handle the truth.
Here is the truth, like it or not. The leak of radioactive elements from the melted down reactors has completely permeated the entire food chain of the North Pacific. The herring all swim through the very waters off the Fukushima Oceanic wasteland. All the Salmon, Tuna and other sea life feed on these herring. The herring are all bleeding from sores from the diseases acquired from the radiation. We cannot prove the Sockeye didn't return to our rivers because of this but all empirical evidence points to it as being at the source of the massive losses.
So while we all worry about oil tankers, Enbridge and the poisoning of our major rivers by such uncaring corporations such as Fortune Minerals and Imperial Metals we are already way too late.
The Pacific will shortly be dead as will all reproductive life, at least in the Northern Hemisphere.
But don't expect the local news to inform you. The government controlled (bought and paid for) press like to keep us all dumbed down and delusional.
Try reading something clear and informative. Follow this link Click Here and follow the links contained within this extremely informative and thorough article.
As we said, we'd rather it was fiction.
An interesting article stating that the only fish to avoid are in the area of Fukishima and maybe bluefin tuna.
Although the disaster is bad and needs to be stopped and cleaned up it is not a doomsday machine for the entire Pacific ocean food chain.
And no the writer of the article is not part of the corporate controlled MSM either.
The so-called treaty Canada and British Columbia are making with the wee village of Kitsumkalum does not address the issue of fish in any meaningful way. This treaty broke the back of the Tsimshian Nation. Maybe you should call up the chief councillor, Don Roberts, about this matter.
Don has loudly, publicly proclaimed himself to be an expert on the Skeena River. That was the day he nominated himself to join his uncle Alec Bolton in the treaty office as an expert.
So much is going on with our environment, especially our food sources. Thank God for people like David Suzuki, tree huggers, the Tahltan Nation, environmentalists.
I think the sockeye will come back, eventually. I don't know how many eyes or fins they'll have though. One lump or two?
To those who challenged this article and asked for more info and data- we provided it with the link near the end of the writing. We chose to write to set the stage and then provide the link for those interested in learning more. There was no point in rewriting an article already prepared and well researched. As for testing? You obviously didn't follow the link. As for range of herring? You obviously didn't follow the link. Get who to test - Agate? What idiocy is this? We pay tax dollars to government agencies to provide proper independent research. And if you followed the link you would discouver the truth behind this sad tale as well. But like most reactionary commenters on the internet, taking the time to truely understand is secondary to mouthing off.
Here is the direct address to the well researched article. What you do is copy and paste it into a new window. Then you read it. And you also have the opportunity to follow more links if actual learning and education is something you are interested in.
"I liken it to the Northwest Mounted Police protecting the Hudsons Bay Trading posts - little has changed."
Actually, one of the main functions of the RCMP in the colonial era was to protect the natives from the unscrupulous traders, who often plied the natives with alcohol so they could take economic advantage of them. The American traders were of particularly concern to the Canadian colonial governments.
Unfortunately for native people in Canada, the RCMP no longer fulfill a mandate to protect the natives from outside economic interests.
Try some science ... ask AGATE to run some tests on returning salmon. I am sure we would all like to hear the results.
This looks like either more unsubtle fear mongering or ignorant hysteria.
I think MWPR better give it's head a shake to clear out the manure!
The herring don't "all swim through" the current off Fukushima. Think about it, Herring swim slowly in vast schools. They don't have outboards strapped to their tails!
BTW, What has caused the "bleeding herring" in previous years?
What about the radiation detector on Haida Gwai?
Beginning with the first indications of the Fukushima being a nuclear accident right through the actual meltdowns and explosions to today with the poisoned food chain, all agencies tasked with protecting and informing the population have completely failed.
As a good friend stated recently, we must remember they are not "governments" they are directors of corporations. And this is a little known truth.
Their direct responsibility is to the profits of the Corporation (call it a Nation if that makes you feel better) not to the people or the employees of the corporation.
Just like today in the Klappan, the RCMP have set up a camp to protect the profits of Fortune Minerals who will provide benefit to the corporation of Canada. The RCMP will not do what the Tahltan want them to do, follow their directives and evict them, but will follow the directives of the Mining company and the courts to get an injunction against the Tahltan.
I liken it to the Northwest Mounted Police protecting the Hudsons Bay Trading posts - little has changed.
We fail ourselves by allowing these corporate criminals (call them governments if it makes you feel better) to destroy our civil, peaceful and loving communities.
Here is an article about blue fin tuna, all tested positive for very high levels of radiation, all from Japan. Guess its time to go vegan.


text:
Q: Mysql optimization: Update statement on large tables I have two tables:
playerstatstable, entrytable (see below)
playerstatstable has 100,000 rows and entrytable has 1 mil rows
What I want to do is update playerstatstable as follows
UPDATE playerstatstable set totalScore = totalScore+1000 where PlayerID = (Select PlayerID from entrytable where score = 1 and entryState = 5 and playerstatstable.PlayerID = entrytable.PlayerID);

About 1/10 of the entries will be in state 5 and of that about 1/5 will have the score = 1;
So I have about 20,000 entries that are associated with 20,000 of the playerstatstable rows which need updated.
1) is there a better update statement?
2) is there any index/key arrangement that would improve this?
CREATE TABLE `playerstatstable` (
  `PlayerID` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `totalScore` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`PlayerID`),
  UNIQUE KEY `PlayerID_UNIQUE` (`PlayerID`),
  KEY `idx_m` (`monthTime`),
  KEY `idx_w` (`weekTime`),
  KEY `idx_d` (`dayTime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `entrytable` (
  `EntryID` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `PlayerID` int(10) unsigned DEFAULT '0',
  `entryType` bit(1) DEFAULT b'0',
  `entryState` int(11) DEFAULT '1',
  `score` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  `rank` int(11) DEFAULT '0',
  PRIMARY KEY (`EntryID`),
  UNIQUE KEY `EntryID_UNIQUE` (`EntryID`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB

A: Please try this.
UPDATE t1 set t1.totalScore = t1.totalScore+1000
from playerstatstable t1  inner join entrytable t2
on t.PlayerID = t2.PlayerID
and t2.score = 1 and t2.entryState = 5

For MYSQL
UPDATE
playerstatstable t1, entrytable t2
set t1.totalScore = t1.totalScore+1000
where t.PlayerID = t2.PlayerID
and t2.score = 1 and t2.entryState = 5


Clifford The Big Red Dog Coloring Pages Find this Pin and more on Vinny by Nikki Spino Toner. A collection of great coloring pages There are lots of coloring Super coloring free printable coloring pages for kids, coloring sheets, free colouring book, illustrations, printable pictures, clipart, black and white pictures, line art and drawings.
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Help Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse prepare for Halloween by coloring this page online or printing it out to color later. Create even more holiday masterpieces with coloring pages from more Disney Characters. Mickey Mouse Clubhouse Halloween Coloring Pages.
Free printable Mickey Mouse Clubhouse Halloween coloring pages for kids of Coloring Pages. Alvin and the Chipmunks. Barbie. Beauty And The Beast. Bee Movie. Ben 10. Big Hero 6. Brave. Captain America. Cars Movie. Chance of Meatballs. Cinderella. Despicable Me. Dora. Epic. Finding Dory. Mickey inside a halloween pumpkin. Looks like Mickey is having fun on halloween.
He's hidden inside a halloween Help Mickey Mouse and Minnie Mouse prepare for Halloween by coloring this page online or printing it out to color later. Create even more holiday masterpieces with coloring pages from more Disney Characters.


LIKE YOU, IT DOES IT ALL!
1 -The Extenso® Cab can accommodate 3 people at the front with a 2-seater bench.
2 - Folding central seat back provides mobile office function with its adjustable writing table. Lockable storage is also available under the seat.
3 - The raised side seat frees up a useful extra space for transporting even the most fragile of objects, increasing the load volume from 3.3 to 3.8 M3 in M versions and from 3.9 to 4.4 M3 in XL versions.
An optimized width between the rear wheel arches.
The cabin of the New Citroën Berlingo Van has been designed to double as a mobile office, letting you work easily on the go.
Rear view monitoring: provides an image from the rear of the vehicle when traveling forward.
Side passenger view: the driver can see the passenger side of the van by pressing a button on the side of the indicator stalk.
Reversing camera: displays the area behind the vehicle when in reverse gear.
Citroën Connect Nav is a 3D connected navigation system with all the features that matter, benefiting from voice recognition to control the Navigation, Phone and Media functions without you needing to take your eye of the road.
You also benefit from connected services such as TomTom Traffic for real time traffic information. This brings you details of service stations, car parks and weather conditions.
Get the most from your compatible smartphone apps through the 8" touch screen with Apple CarPlay™ and Android Auto functionality. And with the Mirror Screen function you can enjoy applications of your smatphone compatible with driving directly on the touch pad 8 ''.


Rice (made with Pho broth, butter, ginger, etc).
Cut roast into chunks. Marinate overnight in one container of broth. Sprinkle salt, pepper, ginger, cinnamon, etc.
Pressure cook 30-40 minutes. Slow release.
Remove meat and shred. Set aside. Separate fat from broth, return to pressure cooker.
Add broccoli, pressure cook 2-3 minutes, quick release.
Serve over rice with veggies and peanuts.
Posted in Dinner, Instant Pot and tagged Asian food, beef, Vietnamese. Bookmark the permalink.
Add steak, 1 tablespoon soy sauce and 1 tablespoon rice wine vinegar to a medium bowl. Marinate minimum of one hour.
Mix all sauce ingredients in a medium bowl.
Saute beef, onion, and garlic in wok.
Add broccoli and sauce. Stir and simmer until broccoli is cooked and sauce is thickened.
Toss in noodles and stir to coat.
Posted in Dinner, Pasta and tagged Asian food, beef, broccoli, ramen. Bookmark the permalink.
Bring water and chicken broth to a boil.
Add remaining ingredients, cover, and cook until rice is tender (20-25 minutes).
Posted in Sides and tagged Asian food, Indian, rice, sides. Bookmark the permalink.