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Hong Kong and the Democratic District Elections
By John Federico on December 2, 2019 No Comment
On Sunday, Nov. 24, 2019, millions of voters arrived at the polling stations to perform their civic duty in Hong Kong's district elections. However, NPR reported that their diplomatic, none violent, and harmless action was viewed as a protest to many in the Maoist nation.
On average, the elections are generally low-profile political affairs, such as elections for district councilors or community representatives. Moreover, the protests, which are very popular amongst the nation's populous, are now in their sixth month. Additionally, the elections have been commonly viewed in the far-east world power as a referendum for anti-government demonstrations
On Sunday, Hong Kong residents were waiting in long lines in front of the city's polling stations. However, the polling stations are located in Hong Kong's 18 districts. Additionally, the voters in the districts began to vote early before closing.
Hong Kong city officials reported that over 2.9 million Hong Kong residents voted. Moreover, 2.2 million people voted in Hong Kong during the 2016 legislative elections.
Origins of the Civil Unrest and Pro-Democracy Movement
NPR reported that Pro-Democracy Activist Joshua Wong said that the civil unrest and protest movement began in June. In addition, he stated that the 2019 election in the Chinese city was its inhabitant's only outlet to use as a peaceful, democratic, and diplomatic process to display their disgruntled feelings to Beijing.
The Hong Kong political elite and hierarchy denounced Wong from running for a district seat in the global alpha world city. Also, they stated that his candidacy violated their Basic Law, or constitution. In conclusion, the Communist Chinese government in Beijing labeled the social activist's self-determination stance as separatism.
Anti–Authoritarian Maoist government demonstrations have flared a democratic spirit in the city since June. Meanwhile, the momentum began to rapidly spread because of an extradition bill that could have sent suspected criminals in Hong Kong to mainland China. However, the extradition bill created massive peaceful protests on the streets of the city.
History of Hong Kong and Beijing Relations
The United Kingdom's Union Jack was lowered over Hong Kong in July 1997. In addition, National Geographic said that the moment was an end of an era for the formerly socially liberated city of Hong Kong. In conclusion, after the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland no longer politically dominated the affluent and prosperous far–Eastern city for 150 years, it was returned to the People's Republic of China.
By 1841, Hong Kong had become a U.K. colony. Also, the British Empire occupied the island city of Hong Kong during the First Opium War, which was initiated because the Qing dynasty-controlled China tried to oppress the opium trade. Moreover, the drug trade led to widespread opium addiction in China.
National Geographic reported that the Chinese downfall was very costly to the Asian nation. In conclusion, China ceded the island city of Hong Kong to the British in 1842, after the Treaty of Nanjing.
After the handover, when the U.K. handed Hong Kong over to China, the city became a special – administration unit of Communist China. The city composed its own mini-constitution called the Basic Law. Although Hong Kong residents are not allowed to elect their own political leaders, a Chief executive is elected by a 1,200-member committee from Beijing.
In 2014, candidates that were appointed by Beijing were chosen to participate in local Hong Kong elections. Additionally, the extradition bill has strained diplomatic relations with the U.K. Parliament, in London, and has led to large protests in the local 18 districts. Also, the Chinese political crisis has created growing concerns that China is surprising public opposition, violating human rights, and interfering in local elections outside of the nation's mainland.
District Election Day Results
In conclusion, NBC News reported that pro-democracy forces raged to victory across the Hong Kong District elections on Sunday. Initially, the victories caused the local Beijing government to listen to the island city's protests for political liberties and human rights.
By John Federico
NPR: Hong Kong Voters Turn Out For Biggest Election In City's History
National Geographic: How Hong Kong's complex history explains its current crisis with China
NBC News: China issues stern response to landslide victory of Hong Kong pro-democracy force
Featured and Top Image Courtesy of MojoBaron's Flickr Page – Creative Commons License
Hong Kong and the Democratic District Elections added by John Federico on December 2, 2019
View all posts by John Federico →


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Sony Music v. Raj TV: Reading between the Lines
by Inika Charles January 16, 2017
On the 12th of December, 2016, the Madras High Court passed a brief order in the case of Sony Music Entertainment India Pvt. Ltd. v. Raj Television Network Ltd. (read the order here). The Court restrained Raj TV from using the sound recordings and images owned by Sony, as well as synchronizing Sony's underlying musical and literary works with visuals to create cinematographic films.
While the order doesn't go into the specifics of the factual background, Sony Music filed this case against Raj TV, a Chennai based television network for the unauthorised use of their copyrighted works. Sony named seven movies produced by Raj TV, in which they alleged the use of both sound recordings and the underlying literary and musical works ('works') in which Sony held copyright, without prior approval. The Court passed an interim injunction restraining Raj TV from inter alia communicating to the public the works in which Sony owned copyright through networks/channels, their website, or mobile sites and applications. The injunction also restrained Raj TV from embodying or performing new cinematographic films "created with new visuals/ synchronised versions/ new adapted sound recordings and/or master sound recordings, based on underlying musical and literary works, owned and controlled by the Plaintiff".
Lack of Judicial Reasoning
This order has a number of issues. For starters, the Court does not delve into the facts of the case, the law relied on, or their reasoning for granting the injunction. The order simply consists of the interim injunction passed. This is problematic as the legitimacy of a judicial decision is derived from the Court's interpretation of the law and facts that lead it to its conclusion. More than anything, providing the reasoning behind the Courts order ensures that judicial transparency is maintained. This lack of clarity provided by the Court brings up a few questions:
What are the works alleged to be infringed?
Importantly, the injunction prevents Raj TV from exploiting the rights in both the underlying musical and literary works and the sound recordings. However, the order only provides a list of the movies in which Sony's musical works are allegedly incorporated, and fails to mention the specific works for which this suit has been instituted.
Why did Sony bring this suit against Raj TV?
As far as I understand, Raj TV is a broadcasting company. The order names seven movies broadcast by Raj TV in which Sony 'owns songs': 'Dasavatharam', 'Sakkarakatti', 'Raman Thediya' 'Seethai', 'Panthayam', 'Yennai Theruyuma', 'POO', and 'Vaaranam Aayiram'. Raj TV did not produce the movies in which Sony allege the inclusion of their works.
What are the licensing agreements in place?
What might have transpired is that Raj TV licensed the rights to broadcast the movies from the producers of the movies listed in the order. If I am to assume that the producers of the movies have entered into license agreements with Sony for the use of their musical works, is Raj TV indebted to as well? If the producers haven't entered into such license agreements, well then that begs the question of why this suit was not instituted against them. An analysis of the facts would determine who the primary and secondary infringers are. The question of law and fact is therefore this – do broadcasters require separate licenses for the music incorporated into films that they have in turn licensed from production houses?
Sections 52 and 14 of the Copyright Act, 1957 (the 'Act') provide that communicating a work to the public would qualify as copyright infringement. Going only by these provisions, there is a possible case that Sony could make against Raj TV for the broadcast of the allegedly infringing movies. However, when the probable license agreements between the parties are considered, Raj TV would not have been in the wrong should the agreements have granted them the rights for the movies, and consequentially the musical works. The license agreement between Raj TV and the producers should have, through representations and warranties included the rights to the underlying works incorporated in the film. If the agreement did not specifically include this, it would only then perhaps follow that Sony has the right to restrict Raj TV from broadcasting the movies.
Effect of the 2012 Amendment
Another thought – is it possible to separate an infringement of copyright claim from one of exploitation of purely the economic rights in the underlying works in a movie? The 1977 judgement of Indian Performing Rights Society ('IPRS') v Eastern Indian Motion Pictures Association & Ors. has been heavily relied on by judgements instituted before the 2012 Amendment to the Copyright Act, the recent case of IPRS v. Aditya Pandey included. This case held that the ownership of copyright in all underlying works incorporated into a movie vested with the film producer, unless a contract provided otherwise.
As I had missed in my previous post and Tanvi, a commenter was kind enough to point out – the 2012 amendment clarified the law under Section 17 to mandate that the incorporation of original literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works into a cinematographic film would not affect the rights of the rights of the authors of the underlying works. However, this clarification by way of the amendment cannot be applied to cases instituted before it came into being, or before the 21st of June, 2012. An interesting question to then look into would be whether the amendment would have retrospective effect and apply to contracts entered into before that date.
As far as the collection of royalties is concerned, IPRS v. Aditya Pandey drew a distinction between the sound recordings which formed part of the cinematographic films and those that didn't – holding that lyricists and producers would be entitled to collect royalties for the latter. Section 19(10) of the Act as inserted by the 2012 amendment states that "no assignment of the copyright in any work to make a sound recording which does not form part of any cinematograph film shall affect the right of the author of the work to claim an equal share of royalties and consideration payable for any utilization of such work in any form." This distinction is relevant for the determination of Sony's rights vis-à-vis Raj TV's agreement (if any) with the producer of the movie.
While this line of thought is purely hypothetical until we get some clarity on the facts of the case, this is a fascinating aspect of copyright law to examine further. We can only hope that the Court delves into the factual and legal scenario surrounding this issue in subsequent orders.
Another critical issue is that the press release that Sony sent to us, and to media organisations (see here and here) states that the Court passed a permanent injunction against Raj TV. As is clearly stated in the order, the injunction is only interim in nature, and is therefore subject to final determination by the Court. This misrepresentation of judicial orders is problematic, as it attempts to give more weight to the ruling than is appropriate. While this mistake is understandable if the PR and Marketing teams of these companies are not very well versed in the law, it is integral for judicial decisions to be reported accurately to avoid any errors of interpretation. It is for this reason that we at SpicyIP ensure that our posts are based on credible sources, in the rare event that we have not been able to procure the Court order.
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Tags: Copyright Infringement, Licensing, Movies, Music Labels
Inika Charles
Inika is a fifth year student at National Law University, Jodhpur, and is on the founding Board of Editors of the Journal of Intellectual Property Studies. She has a strong interest in Intellectual Property, and is fascinated with the intersection of IP with Technology and Media law. You can contact her at [email protected], or on Twitter: @inikacharles
View all posts by Inika Charles →
Sandeep January 17, 2017 at 11:33 am
Dear Inika:
Are you really so surprised by such orders?
We have a whole bus load of patent injunctions (usually ex-parte) where even the patent number or the product in question is not mentioned.
Our Judges – in their zeal to protect right owners, don't even think twice that each order becomes a potential precedent and capable of massive misuse.
Inika Charles Post author January 27, 2017 at 10:37 am
Hi Sandeep,
I'm sorry for my late reply. I was not aware of patent injunctions of this nature. Thank you for pointing this out!
Vivek Anand January 23, 2017 at 1:23 pm
As far as I understand the order, Sony as a music company is the owner of sound recordings including underlying works (songs) of the movies listed in Annexure A. As a general entertainment industry practice songs of films are sold/assigned to music companies. Songs could be played as part of cinematographic films but cannot be played as a standalone basis as in the Agreements between producers and music companies the rights to audio as well as audio visual songs are assigned to the Music Companies. Hence the order is correct if it interprets that these songs owned by Sony cannot be played on standalone basis, Moreover synchronizing these songs on new visuals is also not allowed as Music companies own synchronization rights so if the channel is synchronizing the audio of songs with some other visual that too is not allowed and the court is right in granting the interim injunction
Hi Vivek,
I apologize for the late reply. I agree that the producers of the films would need permission from Sony to play the songs/synchronize them with visuals.
However, I attempted to point out that perhaps Raj TV, the Defendants in the present case are broadcasters, and not the producers of the movies listed in Schedule A. Since the Court doesn't go into the fact scenario, or the contractual relationship between the parties, I may be wrong in drawing this assumption.
Dear Inika,
Thanks for your reply. Please try to correct me if I am wrong, my Interpretation of the order is as follows:
Raj TV is an entertainment channel in South India which broadcasts inter alia audio visual songs and full length cinematographic films. It also broadcasts programs wherein audio of songs are synchronized with different visuals. Sony holds rights to sound recordings including underlying works viz. lyrics (literary work), music composition (musical works) which was assigned to Sony by the producers of the films mentioned in Schedule A. Raj TV can run the full length cinematographic films films listed in Schedule A by taking License from Its Producers and Right Holders (which it must have done), also while playing these movies, there were songs which were played as part of the movies. However these songs cannot be played on a standalone basis (without showing the complete film). This is because as an industry practice when a producer assigns the audio rights of a film to a music company it also assigns rights in audio visual songs of the film which means nobody without a license from Audio companies can broadcast such songs on an individual basis, so producer only has rights to these songs as part of the cinematographic film as cinematographic film is a seperate work however he ceases to hold rights in individual audio visual song as he has already assigned the audio rights to music company (Music companies in their contract mention that audio visual song rights will remain with them). Also in my understanding Raj TV may have played audio songs of these films mentioned in Schedule A with some other visuals. So they may have violated synchronization rights which again are held by the music company (SONY). Please elaborate if you have the brief of the order or a copy of the plaint
Vivek Anand
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The following list provides the contact information for local landscapers who offer water efficient landscaping.
This list is for your convenience only; the valley's five public water agencies do not recommend or extend preference to any particular service providers.
If you are a landscaper and would like your information included here, please contact us on the Connect page of this site.


text:
The Frecce Tricolori loyal to the Breitling Replica Chronomat
April 8, 2015 by admin	/
On October 18th, Breitling Replica Chronomat Evolution and the Frecce Tricolori met up at the Italian air base in Rivolto to reaffirm the longstanding partnership and to reveal a new Chronomat 44 bearing the flight team's livery, along with a limited edition featuring the same design.
Among the many exceptional squads that are associated with Breitling, the Frecce Tricolori – the Italian airforce aerobatics team – holds a place of its own. In 1983, the brand with the winged B was chosen by the "tricolor arrows" to design their official watch. In doing so, Breitling worked closely with pilots in order to create an authentic aviation chronograph. A year later, in 1984, it was based on this ultra-functional, original and elegant watch, that the brand launched its famous Chronomat – that has since become its star model and was recently reinterpreted.
Almost 30 years later, Breitling Replica Chronospace is perpetuating these ties by creating for the Frecce Tricolori a special version of the Chronomat 44 customized in the team colors. For devotees of high-flying feats and aviation in general, the firm is also offering a 1,000-piece limited edition with the same exclusive design. Its black dial (like the original 1983 model) bearing silver-toned counters with red hands is distinguished by the team logo emblazoned at 12 o'clock. Composed of three arrows in the red, white and green colors of the Italian flag, it is topped with the inscription "P.A.N frecce tricolori" (P.A.N. standing for Pattuglia Acrobatica Nazionale). The caseback bears the engraved silhouette of the ten Aermacchi aircraft composing the squad. The ultrasturdy steel case and the bezel with black rubber-incrusted numerals feature satinbrushed tops and polished sides. Water-resistant to the exceptional depth of 500 meters (1,650 ft), the watch houses Manufacture Breitling Caliber 01, a highperformance chronograph movement entirely developed and produced by Breitling, and chronometer-certified by the COSC. It is available with a choice of wristbands notably including a new black rubber strap with embossed Breitling signature. The Frecce Tricolori Chronomat 44 and the limited edition were presented during a special event organized at the patrol's Rivolto airbase in north-east Italy. It was attended by team pilots, a number of Breitling guests, along with members of the military, leading personalities and key representatives of the national press.
Movement: Manufacture Replica Breitling Emergency Caliber 01, officially chronometer-certified by the COSC, selfwinding, high-frequency (28,800 vibrations per hour), 47 jewels. Over 70-hour power reserve. 1/4th second chronograph, 30-minute and 12-hour totalizers. Calendar. Case: steel. Water-resistant to 500 meters/50 bars (1,650 ft). Screw-locked crown and pushpieces. Unidirectional ratcheted rotating bezel. Cambered sapphire crystal, glareproofed on both sides. Diameter: 44 mm. Dial: Onyx black. Strap/bracelet: rubber Diver Pro III (with Breitling signature) / Pilot.
Category: Chronomat Evolution Replica, Chronospace Replica, Emergency Replica
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My name is Clare. I am 40 years old. I live in a nice little town in Austria. I am a nurse. I work in a hospital for children. I sometimes have to work at night, from 6pm to 6am. But after three nights I have two days off. It's great to be together with the children, but sometimes it's also very sad when the kids cry because they miss their mothers and fathers. I play with them, I sing with them, I read stories to them, but I often don't have enough time for them, because there is so much work to do.
Who are you? What job would you like to do in the future?


Full reverse: Technician Guangyu He gives the MTRC's Artec Reverse Engineering scanner a whirl.
Albany will offer rapid prototyping services to Long Island manufacturers through the state's regional Manufacturing Extension Partnership center.
Stocked with 3D printers, laser-etchers and other frontline maker tech, the new User Facility Center – part of Stony Brook University's Manufacturing and Technology Research Consortium, tucked inside SBU's Center of Excellence for Wireless and Information Technology – aims to carry early-stage innovations "from idea to [computer-assisted design] to printing," according to MTRC Program Manager Cynthia Colon.
To that end, the User Facility Center stocks a quarter-million dollars' worth of state-of-the-art tech, including a resin-based, FDA-biocompatible Objet 30 Prime 3D printer (among several resin- and liquid polymer-based 3D printers); an Affinia EinScan-SP 3D scanner, ideal for reverse-engineering; and a broad-spectrum Epilog Fusion M2‐32, packing a 60-watt laser for all your laser-engraving and fume-extracting needs.
Users can also access the MAXIEM 1515 jet-machining center, a hunk of cutting-edge ingenuity that water-jets precise machine parts into existence, located in SBU's nearby Heavy Engineering building.
Inexperienced users will get help with the jet-machining center and other next-level equipment from student technicians, who will be on call to help visitors operate the radical tools, Colon noted.
Together, the tools and talent pack more prototyping punch than most companies can afford to stock on their own – particularly early-stage companies banking on an innovative dream.
"Anybody can go buy a $5,000 desktop 3D printer – we have two of those," Colon said. "We also have a $60,000 resin-based 3D printer and a $20,000 reverse-engineering scanner.
The exact tech lineup was set based on the specific requirements of regional manufacturers – "We started taking notes as to what companies' real needs were," Colon noted – and because of that covers a broad range of prototype-manufacturing and business-development stages, from the drawing board to the edge of commercialization.
"We expect every company to come into the User Facility Center at a different stage," Colon said. "They may have an idea, or they have a prototype that needs engraving or special cutting, or maybe they need help with a business plan or a connection to the Small Business Development Center.
The business-development benefits are plentiful and obvious – and best of all, at least for the Long Island innovation economy, is the User Facility Center's regional nature: The facility is limited to companies based in Nassau or Suffolk counties, who won't have to pay an hourly rate or other fees, just cover the cost of consumable materials and the technicians' time.
The $250,000 center is fully funded by the Empire State Development Corp.'s MEP program and will be a good friend to regional innovators needing a boost to get over the commercialization line, according to Colon.
"This has been some time coming," she noted. "Interviewing companies, understanding their exact needs, putting everything together.


Written by Randy Crouch. Produced by Randy Crouch and Charlie Hollis. Thanks to Hank Chitty.
Musical Notes: Please note that all Randy Crouch's music, including the albums, are digital downloads at this point. Hopefully within the next few weeks we will also offer some CDs, though for some of the albums there are no remaining physical CDs. This is the largest collection of Randy's music anywhere and that is only possible because we had the digital music for most albums.


Alex De Marco is an experienced Minnesota criminal defense lawyer who has represented clients charged with everything from traffic offenses to murder. He has handled many trial and numerous contested hearings. He also has represented both children and parents in child protection proceedings. He attended college and Law School at the University of St. Thomas where he was recognized for his academic excellence and community service.
He remains active in local politics and public advocacy. A devoted athlete, he is a National Strongman competitor turned distance runner. Alex is a big personality who balances professionalism with a down to earth edginess that endures him to his clients. He has a reputation for aggressive trial representation.


ADDIS ABABA, Ethiopia (AP) - The African Union says it has written to Burundi's president urging him to consent to the deployment of a peacekeeping force to quell the country's escalating unrest.
In statement A.U. Commission Chairwoman Nkosazana Dlamini Zuma stressed that there is no ulterior motive in sending the troops other than to assist the people of Burundi.
Burundi's President Pierre Nkurunziza has rejected the A.U.'s plans to deploy 5,000 peacekeepers, describing it as an invasion force. At least 400 people have died since April when it was announced that Nkurunziza would run for a third term in office. Violent street demonstrations opposing Nkurunziza's bid for a third term led to an attempted coup in May.
A rebel movement has emerged vowing to oust Nkukunziza.


Hey, how you guys are doing? So, this is another first for me. After Music Monday, WWW Wednesday is the other weekly meme I decided to participate in to be a bit more active in blogging.
WWW Wednesday is a weekly meme hosted by Sam@Taking on a World of Words. To participate, just answer the three questions below and link back to her or simply put your answers in the comments section on her blog so she can check out your answers.
I got The Date from NetGalley. And it's really intriguing how one date drastically changed one woman's life when she woke up the next day not recognizing the face she's staring at in the mirror and all the other people she knows. In an unexplainable reason (Yet! I know some logical explanation will come), she developed face blindness. And oh, it's not only that, someone is out there driving her crazy, determined to destroy her. I'm excited to finish this and see how things will play out.
Meanwhile, I got the copy of Those Other Women from Edelweiss and I'm just a few pages in but so far I really find it interesting. A woman found out that her husband is cheating with her best friend and decided to put up an exclusive Facebook group page where only women who don't want to have kids, like her, are allowed to join. But one of them is an imposter and is out to bring chaos.
I finished reading Whisper yesterday and I am disappointed because I want to read more. Good news is it's a first book of the series and I can't wait for the next book to come. It's a YA science fiction novel set in Sydney and is about a teenage girl who's been locked up for over two years in a secret government facility. She's been subjected to physical training, as well as physical and mental experiment. The thing is, in all those time, she never uttered a single word. Truly interesting and engaging, though I have a bit of an issue on when things come to light.
I also just speed through The Killing Type, as it is a really short story of sisters who seem to not like each other. When one claimed her husband is trying to kill her, the other didn't believe her. But then, months later, someone ends up dead. As it's only about 50 pages, there's not much room for development whatsoever. It is all rushed despite the interesting plot and the surprising twist, and it took away the chance to fully enjoy it. If it's a full-length novel, I'm pretty sure I'd like it.
I'll be reading next The Melancholy Death of Oyster Boy & Other Short Stories by Tim Burton and Love and The City by Sophie Kinsella and Lauren Weisberger. Both, I checked out from the library and both have French translations. Also, both books are pretty short but the library doesn't have that much choices when it comes to English books.
So, there goes my first WWW. Thank you for dropping by and feel free to share your own WWWs, too.


Getting its name from the theoretical faster-than-light particle that puts physicists in a tizzy, Tachyon, a new music app from Jordan Rudess, shows that there is still plenty of room left for real innovation in the iPad music app space.
In addition to featuring many of the sounds and unique expression methods that Jordan has developed over the last few years, Tachyon allows for the seamless transition from one instrument to another, within the same note. The result is often subtle, but always effective. The accompanying particle effects that spin, swivel, rotate and morph as you play the notes and transition between instruments, provides pleasing visual feedback that goes beyond just entertaining graphics.
I've only played with Tachyon for a day or two, but I can already see a permanent place for it on my iPad.


Acupuncture is an ancient method of medicine, based on the human body healing itself. Noting that our body is connected to all various systems within it, it makes sense that there are direct points of influence, and indirect or secondary points.
Different ways to get to the answers we seek. For example, sometimes you are able to get the sales representative to talk about a needed service. Other times, the mechanic is the one to talk with you about your concerns, and still other times, speaking with accounts receivables, customer service, managers, or the big Kahuna of the business gets you the direct response you are patiently waiting to hear.
What is causing the problem? Sometimes the cause is obvious, other times not. Using a car as the example: the car is not performing properly, it is leaning to the side. Is the problem a flat tire, a hole in the tire, a nail in the tire, a defective tire, shocks that are worn out, someone in the trunk hitting the side of the wheel cover? The cause of the condition presenting itself is a discovery that helps determine how best to address your concern. Acupuncture, along with my training in reviewing the physical history of your body's mechanics, anomalies, injuries, and genetics helps me use your story to get specific with what the problem is and move forward with the answers we need to assist healing. Simplified, an increase of blood or fluid movement [water/lymph fluid] to assist the body to recover on its own. By improving the blood and fluid movement in the body, the cells get the nutrients they need for food and detoxification in order to do a better job of performance. Various experiences interfere with our body's ability to move and do its job of cleaning, refreshing, moving blood and fluids on the inside. Our body naturally performs various duties. And, then sometimes it gets clogged, stagnate, damaged, or just impaired. Those interruptions can be trauma, like a car accident, a fall on the ice or cement, exposure to parasites or viruses, or a genetic pattern that goes back multiple generations through our family members. Sometimes even scar tissue or tissue swelling reduces the body's ability to function, other times we are born with minor anomalies that interfere with the movement. All of these historic events can deter your body's performance.
I could not have done the triathalon without you! Thanks for tending to my training aches and pains. See you soon.
Thank you for a very pleasant and peaceful experience for my first acupuncture treatment. I had known you were skilled from my patients testimonials, but now I know firsthand! Awesome!
Another picture for the Baby book! Emmet is a wonderful addition to our family. Thanks for your help in his creation! Warmly, Kelly F.


text:
Goodwin Sands
Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}51°16′25″N 1°30′30″E / 51.27361°N 1.50833°E / 51.27361; 1.50833
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The Goodwin Sands
A draught of the Goodwin Sands Pl.XXII P169 RMG A8031-D (printed chart from 1750)
Goodwin Sands is a 10-mile-long (16 km) sandbank at the southern end of the North Sea lying 6 miles (10 km) off the Deal coast in Kent, England.[1] The area consists of a layer of approximately 25 m (82 ft) depth of fine sand resting on an Upper Chalk platform belonging to the same geological feature that incorporates the White Cliffs of Dover. The banks lie between 0.5 m (1 ft 8 in) above the low water mark to around 3 m (10 ft) below low water, except for one channel that drops to around 20 m (66 ft) below.[2] Tides and currents are constantly shifting the shoals.
More than 2,000 ships are believed to have been wrecked upon the Goodwin Sands because they lie close to the major shipping lanes through the Straits of Dover. The few miles between the sands and the coast is also a safe anchorage used as a refuge from foul weather known as The Downs. Due to the dangers, the area – which also includes Brake Bank[3][4] – is marked by numerous lightvessels and buoys.
Notable shipwrecks include HMS Stirling Castle in 1703, VOC ship Rooswijk in 1740, the SS Montrose in 1914, and the South Goodwin Lightship, which broke free from its anchor moorings during a storm in 1954.[5] Several naval battles have been fought nearby, including the Battle of Goodwin Sands in 1652 and the Battle of Dover Strait in 1917.
When hovercraft ran from Pegwell Bay, Ramsgate, they used to make occasional trips over the Sands, where boats could not safely go.
Southeast from Goodwin Sands lies the Sandettie Bank.
1 Navigational aids
2 Island of Lomea
3 Notable events
3.1 17th century
4 Potential port or airport site
5 Cricket
6 Athletics
7 Controversial Dredging
8 Literary references
North Foreland Lighthouse
South Foreland Lighthouse once known as South Foreland Upper
South Foreland Low Lighthouse now known as Old St Margaret's Lighthouse
East Goodwin Lightship
The East Goodwin lightship guards the end of the Sands on the farthest part out, to warn ships. It is the only remaining lightship of the five which once guarded the sands. The sands were once covered by three lighthouses on the Kent mainland with only North Foreland lighthouse still in operation. South Foreland lighthouse, once known as South Foreland Upper lighthouse is now owned by the National Trust. This once worked with the nearby South Foreland Low lighthouse, also known as Old St Margaret's Lighthouse. When the two South Foreland lights were in alignment ships' crews would know that they had reached the South-most extent of the sandbank. When the Goodwin sands shifted South Foreland Low was decommissioned and replaced by the South Goodwin Lightvessel. The first of these ships was bombed by the Germans and sank on 25 October 1940. The replacement vessel, LV90 sank on 27 November 1954 when cables to her two sea anchors broke in a hurricane-force storm. The wreck of the lightship can still be seen at low tide. The next replacement South Goodwin Lightvessel was decommissioned and was towed away on the 26th of July 2006.[6][7][8]
Island of Lomea
In 1817, borings in connection with a plan by Trinity Board to erect a lighthouse on the Sands revealed, beneath fifteen feet of sand, a stratum identified by Charles Lyell as London clay lying upon a chalk basement. Based on this, Lyell proposed that the Sands were the eroded remains of a clay island similar to Sheppey, rather than a mere shifting of the sea bottom shaped by currents and tides.[9][10]
Lyell's assessment was uncritically followed until the mid-20th century, and enlarged upon by G. B. Gattie[11] who asserted, based on unsourced legends, that the sands were once the fertile low-lying island of Lomea, which he equated with an island said to be known to the Romans as Infera Insula ("Low Island").[12] This, Gattie said, was owned in the first half of the 11th century by Godwin, Earl of Wessex, after whom the Sands are named. When he fell from favour, the land was supposedly given to St. Augustine's Abbey, Canterbury, whose abbot failed to maintain the sea walls, leading to the island's destruction, some say, in the storm of 1099 mentioned in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. However, the island is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, suggesting that if it existed it may have been inundated before the Domesday Book was compiled in 1085–86.[13] The earliest written record of the name "Lomea" seems to be in the De Rebus Albionicis (published 1590) by John Twyne, but no authority for the island's existence is given.[14] There is a brief mention of a sea-tide inundation in 1092 creating the Godwin sands in a 19th-century book of agricultural records, reissued in 1969.[15]
The modern geological view is that the island of Lomea probably never existed.[16] Although the area now covered by sands and sea was once dry land, the Strait of Dover opened in the Weald-Artois chalk range in prehistory – between around 7600 BC and 5000 BC[17] – not within historical time.
Another theory about the origin of the name is that the sands' name came from Anglo-Saxon gōd wine = "good friend", an ironic name given by sailors, or because ships can shelter from storms in deep water called The Roads between the Goodwin Sands and the coast.
John, the son of Phineas Pett of Chatham, was involved in an ordeal in the beginning of October 1624, when occurred: "a wonderful great storm, through which many ships perished, especially in The Downs, amongst which was riding there the Antelope of His Majesty, being bound for Ireland under the command of Sir Thomas Button, my son John then being a passenger in her. A merchant ship, being put from her anchors, came foul of her, and put her also from all her anchors, by means whereof she drove upon the brakes [the Sands], where she beat off her rudder and much of the run abaft, miraculously escaping utter loss of all, for that the merchant ship that came foul of her, called the Dolphin, hard by her utterly perished, both ship and all the company. Yet it pleased God to save her, and got off into the downs, having cut all her masts by the board, and with much labour was kept from foundering."[18] Phineas Pett received news of the shipwreck at Deal, and was dispatched by the Lord Admiral to attend to the ship and use his best means to save her. He used chain pumps, replaced the rudder, and fitted jury masts, by which effort she was safely brought to Deptford Dock.
In October 1630, the Stella was sunk in a storm off Goodwin Sands. The ship was carrying nearly 300 Scottish and English soldiers from the Dutch Republic to the Republic of Venice for use in the War of the Mantuan Succession. All of the soldiers, including their commander, Colonel Sir John Swinton, drowned.[19]
In 1690 HMS Vanguard, a 90-gun second-rate ship of the line, struck the Sands, but was fortunate enough to be got off by the boatmen of Deal.
Great Storm of 1703 In the Great Storm of 1703 at least 13 men-of-war and 40 merchant vessels were wrecked in The Downs, with the loss of 2,168 lives and 708 guns. Yet, to their credit, the Deal boatmen were able to rescue 200 men from this ordeal.
Naval vessels lost to the sands included:
HMS Northumberland, Deptford built, and from there locally manned, lost with all hands
HMS Restoration, Deptford built, and from there locally manned, lost with all hands
HMS Stirling Castle,[20] a 70-gun third-rate built at Deptford in 1679
The Woolwich fourth-rate HMS Mary, totally overwhelmed with the loss of 343 men
The boom ship HMS Mortar, lost with all 65 of her crew.
1740 The Dutch merchant ship "Rooswijk", on her way to Cape of Good Hope and the East Indies, fell victim on the Goodwin Sands to a storm on the 8th of January 1740. It sank with the loss of everyone on board, almost 250 sailors, soldiers and passengers. The silty environment has preserved the wreck for so long, however, shifting tidal flows started to expose the timbers and goods and thus spurred its salvage in 2017 by Historic England and the Cultural Heritage Agency of the Netherlands.[21]
1748 According to legend the Lady Lovibond was wrecked on the Goodwin Sands on 13 February 1748, amidst alleged controversy over the cause of her sinking in which all hands were lost. She is said to reappear every fifty years as a ghost ship.[22] No references to the shipwreck are known to exist in contemporary records or sources, including newspapers, Lloyd's List or Lloyd's Register.
1809 Admiral Gardner was wrecked in January 1809, with her cargo, a large number of East India Company X and XX copper cash coins, belonging to Matthew Boulton.[23] The wreck was found in 1984 and some coins were salvaged in 1985 during a licensed dive.
1851 The brig Mary White was wrecked on the Sands in a storm in 1851; the lifeboat from Broadstairs rescued seven men of her crew.
1857 The mail paddle steamer SS The Violet was driven onto the sands during a storm on 5 January 1857 with the loss of seventeen crew, a mail guard, and one passenger.
The Belgian cargo ship SS Cap Lopez was wrecked on the sands in 1907.
HMT Etoile Polaire, a naval trawler, was sunk by a mine laid by SM UC-1 on the sands on 3 December 1915, at the height of the First World War
Wreck of the SS Mahratta on the Goodwin Sands, 1909. This was the first of two vessels of the name to be wrecked on these Kentish shoals.
Two ships named SS Mahratta ran aground on the Sands, one in 1909 and the other in 1939.
The passenger ship SS Chusan collided with the freighter Prospector near the Sands in June 1953, severely damaging and nearly sinking her.
The Radio Caroline vessel MV Ross Revenge drifted onto the Sands in November 1991, effectively ending the era of offshore pirate radio in Britain.
On 10 June 2013, a Dornier Do 17 Z2 was raised from Goodwin Sands. The German bomber had made an emergency landing in the sea over the Sands on 26 August 1940 after a bombing raid. Two of the four-man crew were killed on impact, the remaining crew becoming POWs.[24] The Dornier was located on the Sands in September 2008 and plans were made to recover it, as it is one of two surviving aircraft of this type.[25]
The salvage started on 3 May 2013 with the plane destined eventually for RAF Hendon in 2015,[26] though poor weather and the position of the plane on chalk rather than the silt expected caused the plan to be amended to attaching ropes to three points on the fuselage.[27] The plane was finally lifted on 10 June 2013.[28] It is believed to be from 7 Staffel, III Gruppe/KG3 (7th Sqn of 3rd Group of Bomber Wing 3) operating from Sint-Truiden aerodrome 60 km east of Brussels, shot down on 26 August 1940 by a Boulton Paul Defiant of No. 264 Squadron RAF, based in Hornchurch, either one crewed by Desmond Hughes and Fred Gash[29] or one of the three 264 Squadron aircraft shot down soon after in a battle with Bf 109E fighter escorts of the German fighter wing JG 3.[30][31]
Potential port or airport site
The August 1969 issue of Dock and Harbour Authority magazine carried an article 'A National Roadstead' which reported on a 1968 proposal to the Ministry of Transport for reclaiming the Goodwin Sands and constructing a deep water port on them.
In 1985, consultants Sir Bruce White Wolfe Barry and Partners promoted a proposal for developing an International Freeport combined with a two-runway airport located on three reclaimed islands on the sands.[32] In 2003, the idea was still under consideration.[33] Being far from residential areas it has the advantage of 24-hour-a-day take-offs and landings without causing disturbance.
In December 2012, the Goodwin Sands were once again promoted as a potential site for a £39 billion 24-hour airport to become the UK's hub airport.[34] Engineering firm Beckett Rankine believes their proposals for up to five offshore runways at Goodwin Airport are the 'most sustainable solution' with the 'least adverse impact' when compared to other options that have been proposed for the expansion of runway capacity in the southeast. They claim that this is due to the absence of statutory environmental protection on the Goodwin Sands and the alignment of the runways which avoids any overflying of the coast.[35]
In the summer of 1824, Captain K. Martin, then the Harbourmaster at Ramsgate, instituted the proceedings of the first known cricket match on the Goodwin Sands at low water. An annual cricket match was played on the sands until 2003, and a crew filming a reconstruction of this for the BBC television series Coast had to be rescued by the Ramsgate lifeboat when they got into difficulty in 2006.[36]
When the Royal Marines School of Music was based at Deal, it played a game of cricket on a suitable day each summer.
On 23 June 1994, Deal Striders hosted a 1-mile race on the Goodwin Sands in memory of the late Cliff Temple. Around 100 athletes and spectators set off from Dover on a cross channel hovercraft and landed on the sands at low water. A one-mile circuit was setup on the sands and the race started. In a punishing wind, the event was won by Matt de Freitas, with London Marathon winner Mike Gratton 2nd, and Olympic Steeplechaster Tom Buckner 3rd
1st Male Trophy
Controversial Dredging
Following a two-year public consultation the Marine Management Organisation (MMO) granted Dover Harbour Board a licence to dredge 3 million tonnes of aggregate from the Goodwin Sands on 26 July 2018.[37]
Literary references
William Shakespeare mentions the Sands in The Merchant of Venice, Act 3 Scene 1:
Why, yet it lives there uncheck'd that Antonio hath a ship of rich lading wrecked on the narrow seas; the Goodwins, I think they call the place; a very dangerous flat and fatal, where the carcasses of many a tall ship lie buried, as they say, if my gossip Report be an honest woman of her word.
William Shakespeare mentions Goodwin Sands in King John, Act 5 Scene 5:
Messenger:The Count Melun is slain; the English Lords\ By his persuasion are again fall'n off,\ And your supply, which you have wish'd so long,\ Are cast away and sunk on Goodwin Sands.[38]
Mary Wroth refers to Goodwin Sands as a place of shipwreck in her sonnet sequence Pamphilia to Amphilanthus (1621):
Like to a Ship on Goodwins cast by winde, / The more shee strive, more deepe in Sand is prest... (Sonnet 6, 5-6).
Herman Melville mentions them in Moby-Dick, Chapter VII, "The Chapel":
In what census of living creatures, the dead of mankind are included; why it is that a universal proverb says of them, that they tell no tales, though containing more secrets than the Goodwin Sands...
R. M. Ballantyne, the Scottish writer of adventure stories, published The Floating Light of the Goodwin Sands in 1870.
W. H. Auden quotes the phrase "to set up shop on Goodwin Sands" in his poem In Sickness and in Health. This is a proverbial expression meaning to be shipwrecked.[39][40]
G. K. Chesterton's poem The Rolling English Road refers to "the night we went to Glastonbury by way of Goodwin Sands."
Charles Spurgeon mentions them in The Soul Winner, chapter 15 "Encouragement to Soul-Winners."
Their theology shifts like the Goodwin Sands, and they regard all firmness as so much bigotry.
Ian Fleming refers to the Goodwin Sands in Moonraker, one of the James Bond novels, as well as making them a major plot point in his children's story Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
The sands are depicted in the 1929 film The Lady from the Sea, which is sometimes known by the title of Goodwin Sands.
In the 2014 biographical film Mr. Turner, the first husband of the housekeeper Mrs. Booth is mentioned as having died in a boating accident at Goodwin Sands.
"Old Goodman's Farm", appearing in the Rudyard Kipling poem Brookland Road refers to the Goodwin Sands and the legend of their origin as an island belonging to Earl Godwin.
In the novel The Shivering Sands by Victoria Holt the Goodwin sands play a major plot point and the masts from wrecked ships are often sighted from the shore.
In Patrick O'Brian's Post Captain, Stephen Maturin explores the sands and must dive for his boots as the tide floods.
In the short story "Flood on the Goodwins" (1933) by Arthur Durham Divine, on a foggy night during the First World War, a German saboteur orders a British mariner at gunpoint to take him to the coast of Belgium. Instead, the mariner circles for hours and then, telling the saboteur they have reached Belgium, strands the German at low tide on the Goodwins, six miles from shore, knowing that the tide will drown the villain.
In Julian Stockwin's Invasion the Sands are both a hindrance and protection for the British fleet assembled for the rapid deployment against Napoleon's invasion armada. The protagonist Kydd even takes part in the rescue of a merchantman vessel being gale forced onto the Sands.
Varne Bank
Walmer and Deal lifeboats
Maasvlakte for a notorious "ship swallower" sandbank which has now been reclaimed and is now land and part of a port.
^ Cloet, R. L. (1954). "Hydrographic Analysis of the Goodwin Sands and the Brake Bank". The Geographical Journal. 120 (2): 203–215. doi:10.2307/1791536. JSTOR 1791536. .mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}
^ Imray Laurie Norie & Wilson, North Foreland to Dover & Calais, chart number 2100.6, published January 2015 as updated to 13 April 2017.
^ R. L. Cloet, "Hydrographic Analysis of the Goodwin Sands and the Brake Bank", The Geographical Journal, 120.2 (June 1954:203–215). Cloet demolished the story that the Goodwin Sands had been a low-lying island, identifying its hydrofoil shape formed by currents, and charting its anti-clockwise drift.
^ Cloet, R. L. (1961). "Development of the Brake Bank". The Geographical Journal. 127 (3): 335–339. doi:10.2307/1794954. JSTOR 1794954.
^ "Crew of the South Goodwin light vessel". www.portcities.org.uk. Retrieved 4 May 2013.
^ "South Goodwin Lightvessel | Trinity House History". trinityhousehistory.wordpress.com. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
^ Historic England. "ST MARGARET'S OLD LIGHTHOUSE, St. Margaret's At Cliffe (1070066)". National Heritage List for England. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
^ "Crew of the South Goodwin light vessel - London's docks and shipping - Port Cities". www.portcities.org.uk. Retrieved 27 July 2017.
^ Principles of geology Vol. 1, pp. 408–409, Charles Lyell
^ Lyell, Principles of Geology, (London, I830), vol. I, ch. xx "Encroachments of the Sea" p 276.
^ Gattie, Memorials of the Goodwin Sands (London, 1904) noted by Cloet 1954:204 and note 1
^ "Gattie, quoting some 'early writers', suggests that the Goodwins are the 'Infera Insula' they mention". (Cloet 1954).
^ Guest, Edwin (1883). Stubbs, William; Deedes, Cecil (eds.). Historical papers ... Origines Celticae (a Fragment) and Other Contributions to the History of Britain. vol 2. Macmillan & Company. p. 350. Retrieved 14 September 2018.
^ Charles G. Harper, The Kentish Coast 1914:231.
^ Stratton, J.M. (1969). Agricultural Records. John Baker. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-212-97022-3.
^ Unsolved Mysteries of the Sea, p. 27, Lionel and Patricia Fanthorpe, 2004
^ Climate, history and the modern world, p. 116, H. H. Lamb, 1996
^ From the Autobiography of Phineas Pett.
^ Abernethy, Jack. "John Swinton [SSNE 256]". The Scotland, Scandinavia, and Northern Europe Database [SSNE].
^ Smith, B. S. (2010). "A Cross-Staff from the Wreck of HMSStirling Castle(1703), Goodwin Sands, UK, and the Link with the Last Voyage of Sir Cloudesley Shovell in 1707". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 39: 172–181. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.2009.00245.x.
^ Treasure and intrigue: scientists unravel story of 1740 Kent shipwreck, Maev Kennedy, The Guardian, 18 August 2017.
^ Randall Floyd, E (2002) In the Realm of Ghosts and Hauntings, Harbor House, Augusta, Georgia, 'Lady Lovibond: Ghost schooner still sails the English coast', P103-05
^ "The loss of the Admiral Gardner". Shoho mint. Retrieved 14 September 2013.
^ "Luftwaffe Dornier 17 at Goodwin Sands 'still intact'". BBC News. 8 April 2011.
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 3 September 2010. Retrieved 6 September 2010. CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
^ Nick Higham (3 May 2013). "Dornier 17: Salvaging a rare WWII plane from the seabed". BBC news. Retrieved 3 May 2013.
^ Nick Higham (31 May 2013). "German Dornier 17 salvage hit by English Channel weather". BBC news. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
^ "WWII Dornier bomber raised from English Channel". BBC news. 10 June 2013. Retrieved 10 June 2013.
^ Jasper Copping and Jeevan Vasagar (19 June 2013). "The doomed flight of the last Dornier". Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved 19 June 2013.
^ "Dornier Do 17Z Werke nr. 1160". Royal Air Force Museum, 6 December 2012. Retrieved: 5 May 2013.
^ "Dornier 17 Conservation: Identification". Royal Air Force Museum, 6 December 2012. Retrieved: 5 May 2013.
^ http://beckettrankine.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/the_downs_a_common_marketplace_low_res.pdf
^ Gadher, Dipesh (2 March 2008). "How to escape Heathrow hell". The Times. London.
^ "Fourth South East England hub airport proposal unveiled". BBC News. 19 December 2012.
^ "Goodwin Airport - The hub for northern Europe". www.goodwinairport.com.
^ "Now that's a real wash-out". 20 October 2006. Retrieved 22 August 2008.
^ Rosemary E Lunn The MMO grants license that will decimate historic wreck site X-Ray Magazine
^ King John, Act. 5, sc. 5, line 10-13
^ Babcock, C. Merton (October 1951). "The Language of Melville's "Isolatoes"". Western Folklore. 10 (4): 285–289. doi:10.2307/1496068. JSTOR 1496068.
^ Hazlitt, W. Carew (1869). English Proverbs and Proverbial Phrases. London. p. 430.
Richard Larn and Bridget Larn – Shipwrecks of the Goodwin Sands (Meresborough Books, 1995) ISBN 0-948193-84-0
Steve Conway – Shiprocked – Life On The Waves With Radio Caroline (Liberties Press, Dublin, 2009) ISBN 978-1-905483-62-4 (author gives his account of running aground on the Goodwin Sands and helicopter rescue)
Raymond Lamont Brown – 'Phantoms of the Sea' (Taplinger Publishing Company, NY 1972) ISBN 0-8008-5556-6
Lyon, D. J. (1980). "The Goodwins wreck". International Journal of Nautical Archaeology. 9 (4): 339–350. doi:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1980.tb01152.x.
Breeze, A. (2017). ""Good Friend" and the Goodwin Sands, Kent". Problems of Onomastics. 14 (3): 204–209. doi:10.15826/vopr_onom.2017.14.3.030.
Ross Revenge Plans -Live TV Broadcast of the Ross Revenge stranded on the Goodwin Sands
goodwin-sands 2009 survey from United Kingdom Hydrographic Office (at Yumpu.com) PDF-File, 52 pages
An historical sketch, including a map of the sands and their environs
Historic Deal information on the Goodwin Sands
Additional information on Goodwin Sands etymology
San Diego Sarah on 5 Aug 2019 • Link
This article only mentions the Goodwin Sands in passing, but the photos demonstrate how inconvenient (an understatement) the sandbanks in the Channel are to shipping, and how a fleet could "hide" behind one and the opposing fleet would be unable to get to them.
Playing cricket on one and having to be rescued by the lifeboats sounds very Victorian!
https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2019/jul/30/sa…


Furiends, I have missed you all. The last few months have been extremely busy. My mum has been poorly, like I told you before, and since she's my chief typist I gave her some time off. She wrote about it here for those of you who are wondering what's been going on. She's now getting the proper treatment and we all hope she will feel better soon. Last Wednesday – the 18th of July, my humans got married. It was the best day of their lives and I can't wait to tell you all about it ASAP. We also have huge news and I purrsonally have a big dilemma…however, unfortunately all of that has to wait for now.
Those of you who also follow me on social media may have seen that my cousin Dexter has been the victim of a barbaric and incomprehensible act of violence. Furiends, I know you are all animal lovers and I would never want to upset you, but I'm so sorry… I think inadvertently I'm about to do just that.
Mum's mum and dad have four dogs, four tortoises, tropical fish and four cats… they all live in a beautiful old farm in lovely Cornwall, UK – where my mum comes from. I have always thought of them as cousins since most of them are actually younger than me.
On Tuesday my cousin Dexter found a strength and courage that I never knew any cat could possess when he dragged himself home after a living nightmare.
Our darling Dexter dragged himself home after a monster broke his jaw, forced a gun into his mouth and shot him.
The excellent veterinary team that are now caring for Dexter have pulled out shrapnel from his head, operated on him and are still working tirelessly to save his life.
Your money will go directly towards Dexter's medical bill and if we're lucky enough to have any extra funds the remaining money will be donated to the NAWT (National Animal Welfare Trust in the UK) to help them continue to rescue animals, this is where our family adopted Dexter from. I hope and pray that Dexter will make it home to live a 'normal' (whatever that means) life. Please send him all the prayers and positivity you can. He's trying his best but he's fighting a horrible infection and if we can I'd love to help him.
I'm so sorry furiends to bring this horrific news and undoubtedly shock and sadden you. My humans and I have spent the last 48 hours in shock and tears. However the generosity of humans already has restored my faith in humanity and it's clear not evfurryone is so heartless. The majority of souls on earth are pure and kind. Poor Dex was just in the wrong place at the wrong time. The local police are investigating, Dexter's story has been published on local radio and media and I remain hopeful that the monster who did this will be brought to justice. But in all honesty, all I truly wish for is for Dexter to survive and have a good quality of life left. He is still so young (he will be two years old at the end of next month) and he didn't deserve this.
« Happy Easter Evfurryone and Happy 2nd Birthday April and Blue!
This makes me so angry Bailey! I sincerely hope that the MONSTER that committed this crime will be caught and put in prison. Forever. I hope your mum is better real soon!
Oh Bailey how Horrible! We will keep Dexter in our prayers and try to send a donation to help his recovery!
Dearest Brofur, Mom has just donated to Dexter's GoFundMe. We cannot believe this cruelty, but he is obviously a fighter and being young is in his favor. We are praying for him and for the police to catch the person who did this horrible thing.
We also send congratulations to Mom Lou and Dad James on their marriage. We wish them many years of happiness.
Dearest Bailey, we were so glad to see you online again, much as your news dispatch was very upsetting. We are sending our best purrs and prayers for Dexter's recovery, and for his fursib Cassidy. We will also share this on wider media.
Concats and many happy returns to your pawrents! We wish them a long and lucky life and are so glad your mom is starting to feel better.
We look forward to your future news and know that you always have something in the works!
I'm wishing Dexter the best of luck. This… leaves me truly without words. I only want him to recover. Don't give in, little fighter!
Sending all of you love, prayers a good thoughts. Wish I could send more.
Humans can be so inhumane!
Prayers for Dexter and your whole family. And prayer for the person(s) who did this. They must have a lot of hate in their hearts to hurt a beautiful baby like Dexter. Mia is sending meows of love and prayers.
How very sad for Dexter and his loving family. I send my love. And congratulations to your Mum and Dad on their marriage.
What an awful thing to happen! I am purring lots for Dexter to heal and recover.
We are praying for poor Dexter – things like this are so hard to understand how someone could be so depraved and cruel as to do this to a poor little animal. It's amazing Dexter is alive and he will have a hard road to recovery. So sad and horrifying.
I'm so glad to hear the good news about your mom, but am quite horrified about dear Dexter! What is the world coming to?!?!?!
… Dexter… sent the last one too fast.
That is such terrible news. I hope Dexter will be okay and I would like to say what I hope happens to the person that did this but this is a family blog. I just can't imagine how a person can be so broken.
I just do not understand how anyone could harm innocence animals or children. I just can't…words fail and we are so so soooo sorry and we are praying hard for Dexter and his family.
What a horrifick an cruel crime against Dexter!!!! Oh Bailey an Lady Louise mee iss so sorry to reed about what happened. Mee iss sendin tripull POTP an purrayerss to Dexter an hopess hee can make a good ree-covurry!!!
Mee iss sorry you not been well Lady Louise an wee goin to have to do reedin to find out what's been happenin. Mee an LadyMum apawlogize fur not stayin inn touch…life got away frum us!
Pleeze know wee LUVSS all of youss'!
No animal deserves this! We're so sorry Dexter (and his family) is having to go through such a horrible ordeal. We hope the monster who did this is caught and punished, although no punishment would be bad enough to fit the crime. May Dexter heal.
It grieves me to read this. Dexter, his humans and veterinary staff, are all in my thoughts and prayers. May the little one heal and the person who assaulted him found be brought to justice.
So sad to read this horrible news. I'm very glad Dexter found his way home. Though his recovery may be a long road, we wish Dexter a speedy one. All our best and purrs for Dexter, his family and his veterinary team.
Also, our congratulations to your mum and dad on their wedding. We know they are meant for each other, but, of course, Bailey, you already knew that. And, we're glad your mum is receiving proper treatment for her condition. That too takes a little time, but we are sure she's on the road to feeling better.


text:
Explained: Why 'carbon market' is debated
It is a major contentious issue at Madrid climate talks, dividing the developed and developing world. What is the concept, why was it felt necessary, and what are the major points of disagreement?
Written by Amitabh Sinha | Madrid | Updated: December 7, 2019 9:35:56 am
A protest against carbon markets at the Madrid talks venue. (Reuters Photo)
Almost halfway through the climate conference in Madrid, one big thing it had to resolve — disagreements over setting up a new carbon market — remains contentious as ever. Carbon markets, which allow for buying and selling of carbon emissions with the objective of reducing global emissions, is an unfinished agenda from last year's meeting in Katowice, Poland.
The market mechanism
Under the Paris Agreement, every country has to take action to fight climate change. These actions need not necessarily be in the form of reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, which can constrain economic growth. India, for example, has said it would reduce its emissions per unit of GDP. Only the developed countries have included absolute emission cuts in their action plans. Yet, there is scope for absolute emissions reductions in developing countries too. For example, a brick kiln in India can upgrade its technology and reduce emissions. But because India does not need to make absolute reductions, there is no incentive to make this investment.
It is to deal with situations like these that the carbon market mechanism is conceived. Markets can potentially deliver emissions reductions over and above what countries are doing on their own. For example, if a developed country is unable to meet its reduction target, it can provide money or technology to the brick kiln in India, and then claim the reduction of emission as its own. Alternatively, the kiln can make the investment, and then offer on sale the emission reduction, called carbon credits. Another party, struggling to meet its own targets, can buy these credits and show these as their own.
Carbon markets also existed under the Kyoto Protocol, which is being replaced by the Paris Agreement next year. The market mechanisms being proposed under the Paris Agreement are conceptually not very different, but are supposed to have more effective checks and balances, and monitoring and verification processes.
How to set up a market
The provisions relating to setting up a new carbon market are described in Article 6 of the Paris Agreement. These are enabling provisions that allow for two different approaches of carbon trading, more or less on the lines described earlier.
Article 6.2 enables bilateral arrangements for transfer of emissions reductions, while ensuring that they do not double-count the reductions. Article 6.4 talks about a wider carbon market in which reductions can be bought and sold by anyone.
Article 6.8 provides for making 'non-market approaches' available to countries to achieve targets. It is not yet very clear what these approaches would constitute, but they could include any cooperative action, like collaboration on climate policy or common taxation, that are not market-based.
What is contentious
The main tussle is over two or three broad issues — what happens to carbon credits earned in the Kyoto regime but not yet sold, what constitutes double-counting, and transparency mechanisms to be put in place.
Developing countries have several million unsold CERs (certified emission reductions), each referring to one tonne of carbon dioxide-equivalent emission reduced, from the Kyoto regime. Under the Kyoto Protocol, only developed countries had the obligation to reduce emissions. In the initial phase, some of these were interested in buying CERs from projects in India or China, which were not obliged to make reductions.
In the last few years, several countries walked out of the Kyoto Protocol, and those that remained did not feel compelled to fulfil their targets. The second commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol (2012-20) never came into force. As the demand for CERs crashed, countries like India were left with projects generating CERs with no one to buy them.
India has about 750 million unsold CERs and, along with other similarly placed countries, wants these credits to be valid in the new mechanism too. Developed countries are opposing it on the ground that the rules and verification procedures under the Kyoto Protocol were not very robust; they want the new mechanism to start with a clean slate.
The second issue is that of double counting, or corresponding adjustment. The new mechanism envisages carbon credits as commodities that can be traded multiple times among countries or private parties. It is important to ensure that in this process, credits are not counted at more than one place; whoever sells carbon credits should not simultaneously count these as emissions it has reduced.
The developing countries argue that the country that reduced emissions should be able to show it even after selling the credits, and that adjustments should be made only for subsequent transfers, if any.
Is it a good idea?
Carbon markets are not essential to the implementation of Paris Agreement. But with the world doing far less than what is required to prevent catastrophic impacts of climate change, the markets can be an important tool to close the action gap.
Developed countries and many civil society organisations say they would rather have no deal on Article 6 of the Paris Agreement than have a bad or compromised deal that would allow transition of Kyoto regime CERs or any kind of double counting. Some developing countries, on the other hand, prefer to have an agreement finalised in Madrid.
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Amitabh SinhaAmitabh Sinha is Resident Editor, Pune. He writes on Environment, Clim... read more
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text:
ansible
=======

Use sudo and be verbose:

    ansible-playbook -i hosts  -vvvvv  -K site.yml

Dry run using ssh:

    ansible-playbook -i hosts -k -C pfc-bootstrap.yml

On remote host:

    sudo ansible-playbook -i hosts  remote.yml

TODO
----

- "@Development Tools", "@Perl Support", "@C Development Tools and Libraries"

Users
-----

https://dzone.com/articles/user-management-with-ansible

https://serversforhackers.com/c/create-user-in-ansible

http://www.mydailytutorials.com/working-ansible-user-module/

https://github.com/debops/ansible-users

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


The fluid contours of the junior Quarter Jacket sunglasses and lens are perfect for playing golf. The glasses offer optical clarity, visual fidelity, and impact resistance while you push your limits on the golf course.
Improving safety, comfort and performance, Oakley high definition optics provide visual clarity, with Prizm interchangeable lens which provides ultra-precise colour tuning to help you locate nuances that would be missed by the naked eye.
The sunglasses have a lightweight frame material with Unobtainium ear socks and nose pads. Unobtainium is a soft hydrophilic synthetic, it increases adhesion when wet to grip better when you perspire. This makes it ideal for ear socks and nose pads in performance eyewear. With the comfort and secure grip of Unobtainium you can be assured you can concentrate on your game of golf.


Maryknoll School is a private, coeducational Catholic Christian school serving children in kindergarten through twelfth grade in Honolulu, Hawaiʻi.
Our MX Arts program is working together with our communitites to spread awareness of the issues concerning water all around the world.
We look forward to educating others through the power art, dance and movement.


Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace 如懿传 viewership ratings does not disappoint as the show hits 100 million views within the first half hour of its release on streaming site Tencent. It's still too early to tell how public opinion will sway henceforth, but it looks promising at least. Update: Show has reached 200 million views in less than 15 hours. Eight episodes have been released for members, 2 episodes are available for non-members.
However, what seems to be trending the night that the show premiered was not whether the show is good or bad, but the annoyance of having to deal with ads at the bottom of the screen that even covered the subtitles.
Tencent acknowledged the issue 20 minutes into the episode and apologized to viewers stating that there was a bug in the ads and that it has been fixed as of 8:28pm.
IMO Ruyi fall very short from Yanxi Gong Lue in terms of storyline and choosing the right people to play. All the actors in YXGL were great. YXGL cinematography isn't bad, very superb. But in Ruyi there is a tiny bit more color and much more prettier than YXGL.
Yeah the clothes and decorations all seems better and really expensive. The music is also really good.
Nie Yuan is old but still charming and charismatic, I didn't want to ship him with Wu Jing Yan not because of their age and looks but her character is someone who wouldn't give in to anyone else easily. I don't want to see her acting all damn weak because of the king who sleeps with every women. But I was still very helpless in being drawn to their interaction from begiining till end, it gets interesting and cute how he has a crush on her. Wallace and Zhou Xun's chemistry is below zero. The last time I saw his drama was TJOF, I did not ship him with Zhao Liying either because not that he looks like an uncle to her but his attitude is dead serious while her attitude is like an overly sugary kid. It's like a taboo plus pedofile. Too bad this time the pairing is again a disappointment, mostly from the looks actually. Zhou Xun is too old for him. I hate high pitch squeaky girl voices like mice, but in Zhou Xun's case, it's a different story, her looks is old now so having a high pitch voice could have created an illusion of a young girl. I've seen some dramas where the actress isn't that pretty but if her voice is pretty that can make her very good looking, and vice versa if the pretty girl has an ugly voice she became bad looking. The voice is the life. In YXGL, everybody's voice were diamonds, they all matched their characters really well and brought them to life.
Fortunately, subs have started. The actor playing the emperor played a communist party leader in In The Name Of The People.
Hopefully, china will do more dramas that are not about concubine wars.
Well, if it is a historical drama about the royal family - concubine fighting was def a huge part of it all. I don't mind it but I want it done well, realistic (as much as they can) and not just making things up for the sake of entertainment (or stereotypical and flat). Present characters as complicated beings and not make one person evil or good because in reality, things aren't clear cut. I'm sooo grateful that this will have English subs and yes, I've been waiting for 2 years! I will watch it before making judgement and I'm happy it's doing well rating wise. People also criticizing Zhou Xun's real voice are also just annoying; there's nothing wrong with it! Guess they are so used to the typical dub voice that they forgot that real people have different voices.


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