text:
Game Four Recap
Dave · April 8, 2010 at 3:07 pm · Filed Under Mariners
Boo, 1-3.
It was Doug Fister vs Brett Anderson. They weren't going to win this game without a lot of luck. And then Rajai Davis took away a home run from Milton Bradley, and you just got the feeling that this wasn't a get lucky kind of day.
So, rather than write about the ineptitude that was today, let's talk about the bigger picture. We talked about how this was something like an 84 win team in terms of true talent level, but that projection includes the value the team is supposed to get from Cliff Lee, Erik Bedard, and Jack Hannahan when they return from the DL. This roster, the one the M's are running out there right now, is more like a 76 or 77 win team.
So, yeah, they looked like crap for most of the last three days. Well, right now, they kind of are. When Lee got hurt, the odds of them playing well in April went down significantly. The dropoff from Lee to Fister is pretty dramatic, and it affects the rest of the roster. This team, as currently constructed, is going to be pretty frustrating to watch at times. April is survival month, where the goal is just to keep within shouting distance of the rest of the division so they can try and make a run when they get the injured guys back in the fold.
So, hang in there. The Angels went 9-13 in April last year, then rallied once Lackey and crew got healthy. That's the path the M's have to take this year. It's not going to look good this month. There are going to be too many days like today, where the team doesn't look capable of beating anyone. But, don't abandon ship yet. This isn't the team the M's put together this winter, and it's not the team we're going to see in a month or so. If we get into May and the team still can't play, we'll all freak out together then.
For April, though, let's just all try to not break too many bones jumping off the bandwagon. The first month is going to suck. Let's just try to survive it.
46 Responses to "Game Four Recap"
codybond31 on April 8th, 2010 3:10 pm
Ahhh, none of those injuries includes a big bat… Or even a medium bat for that matter. This is a third place team with this offense. No doubt about it.
We didn't face a premier rotation there either. There is no way a playoff team gets shut down by a combo of an rehabing Sheets and Duchscherer , and soft-tossing lefties in Braden and Anderson. No way!
msb on April 8th, 2010 3:18 pm
Too bad you published this so soon– there was no chance to get that 6-run pinch-hit HR by Griffey that changed the course of the day…
basebliman on April 8th, 2010 3:23 pm
I'm with codybond31 on this. This team cannot hit a lick and this team will be lucky to win 80 games WITH a healthy Lee, Bedard and Hannahan.
jefffrane on April 8th, 2010 3:24 pm
And, after all, the "record" so far is identical to Texas and LAA. It could be worse.
CCW on April 8th, 2010 3:29 pm
…and soft-tossing lefties in Braden and Anderson.
Anderson is quite a bit better than "soft-tossing lefty" would imply. How about "hard-throwing lefty ace?"
flashbeak on April 8th, 2010 3:31 pm
We are the worst offensive team in the division, and that's depressing when you look at the lineup Bob Geren writes down for his club every night. So if our pitching is imploding and averaging 5 or so runs allowed per game, we won't sniff 80 wins this year. I think it makes sense to be worried, even if it's this early. I knew that if we didn't come out winning and hitting right out of the gate, we were going to be in for a loooooong season.
I would think Anderson qualifies as a flamethrower, not a soft-tossing lefty. He hits 95 with ease on the radar gun and is their ace of the future. Braden, on the other hand, is not as impressive, and the fact that we couldn't touch his stuff does concern me.
Oh yeah, it could be worse, and I'm a half-full kinda fan/reviewer of this team, and man… I already got that bad feeling.
Love Griffey, but he can NOT hit a fastball at all anymore. Bradley's starting slow, Kotchman is being his average self, and Ichiro is in love with hitting pop flies and getting picked off. And these are our main guys.
But in general, this lineup is just not acceptable.
Yeah, good pitching and defense is great, but when our lineup makes Dallas Braden look better then a Cliff Lee, it doesn't matter if we keep our opp. to under 4 or 5 runs a game. We are 2-4 run a game team. And that was Braden's first start of the season!
spankystout on April 8th, 2010 3:47 pm
I'm changing my adjective of choice to describe the offense, from "anemic" to comatose. The M's have been K'd 32 times in 4 games.! They have whiffed through one entire game outta four! Although I concede they have faced some good pitching, this is starting to subjectively feel like the 08′ offense. I'm encouraged by the BB's, but it obviously isn't gonna win games.
I'm not criticizing Bradley for the bunt attempt I just think it is indicative of the inability of the O………My question is how long does "trader jack" wait to make a significant offensive move? Thank god they brought up another arm. Imagine if they don't have that extra arm in the pen today…….. The most encouraging part of this series was the first couple innings of opening day. Turn it around now M's cause Lee and Bedard can't hit.
The M's offense last year was either the worst or 2nd worst in baseball, depending on how you spin it. This year is not all that different. If you liked the 2009 M's, you ought to like the 2010 version. They need to win 1-run games to be successful… and they will. Just be patient.
Breadbaker on April 8th, 2010 4:06 pm
They've had a chance to win every game, even this one where they had the tying run at the plate when the game ended, They've also had a chance to lose every game (and did so three times). There's no need to panic.
Glen on April 8th, 2010 4:07 pm
They need to win 1-run games to be successful… and they will. Just be patient.
The problem is that 1-run games are a coin-toss as to who wins. Last year the M's were extremely lucky in that sense.
jase411 on April 8th, 2010 4:08 pm
I havent paid as close attention to this as I should, what is the approximate timeframe the club expects to have Bedard and Lee back? Mid May…??
I don't think the we are "breaking bones" jumping off the bandwagon. Especially since our six man pen critiques were confirmed with Colome being brought up. So the FO is obviously thinking along a similar plane. Maybe not to the extent of some. But I thinks its blatantly obvious that Ichiro and Figgins have to constantly be in scoring position for any significant impact on the scoreboard. I mean our best hitters are singles guys. I said before opening day somewhere on this site "get used to a station to station offense." So there are no new "broken bones" here. Just the same ones of the past few years.
scott19 on April 8th, 2010 4:21 pm
and soft-tossing lefties in Braden and Anderson
Well, compared to Nolan Ryan or Billy Wagner, I suppose Anderson is "soft-tossing."
Rck74 on April 8th, 2010 4:33 pm
I don't understand the survive April talk. We play 10 games against the A's and Royals. If we can't beat them without Cliff Lee how good are we? As far as Bedard, has anyone researched the players coming back from labrum surgery? Most of them are never the same. There's a reason teams did not go after him. Last years 35-20 record in one run games will not happen again. Being over .500 with a -52 run differential is not going to happen again. This is a .500 baseball team. We just don't have the horses offensively. Ichiro cannot carry a team offensively.
diderot on April 8th, 2010 4:40 pm
Come on, it's four games folks. Can't we just take a deep breath?
Sports on a Schtick on April 8th, 2010 4:41 pm
These game recaps are convenient ways to dictate the Threat Level for M's fans. Staying at GREEN for now.
brettb3 on April 8th, 2010 4:46 pm
Agreed, diderot. The baseball season is a marathon, people. Let's not fall off a cliff after one series. And believe or not, Oakland has a pretty good pitching staff. While the offense will never be the strength of this team, I don't believe it's as bad as it looked the last few days.
dgood on April 8th, 2010 4:51 pm
Can we please get rid of Ken Griffey, Jr peacefully? He has no bat speed, we can't support two useless DHs. At least Sweeney seems to have bat speed. Though if we dropped them both, we could keep Langerhans and maybe pick up Jack Cust or Jermaine Dye?
Of those three losses in the series, however, the first two were as a result of blown save opportunities…and today's was because the M's ran into an ace-quality pitcher who was on his game — which will happen on occasion.
I agree…this is a very small slice of the season so far. Nothing to be alarmed about yet.
marc w on April 8th, 2010 4:55 pm
Right – the offense isn't as bad, and the pen should be better than it's looked.
Texas is now 1-2 against an atrocious Toronto team. I'm sure they're worried about their pen too, but we don't have enough new information to change the projections from the beginning of the season.
snapper on April 8th, 2010 5:20 pm
I agree with dgood. Just eyeballing projections, Dye looks to be about 12-15 runs better than Sweeney/Griffey. Even given that Safeco would hurt him as a RH, he's still probably a win better. Plus, you free up a roster spot.
Zduriencik should be on the phone to Dye's agent.
Dave on April 8th, 2010 5:23 pm
Dye won't DH.
Jack Cust anyone?
SonOfZavaras on April 8th, 2010 6:29 pm
I'm not worried, in general. It's only four games, and I'm not convinced that the ineptitude on offense will be this glaring all throughout the year.
That's not to say that I think deep down we're good, but I don't think we're this pronouncedly bad.
But, going to Texas right after kind of does worry me- if that offense clicks, there's no way our personnel can match it without the moons being in proper alignment and a rabbit's-foot for every member of the lineup.
And I don't think Jack Cust is even remotely an answer. Yes, he has a track record with hitting home runs. But his kind of hitter profile tends to lose it quickly (see Sexson,Richmond L.)…and I'm not convinced that he hasn't started the serious decline in skill already. To say nothing of there's no obvious place for him on the team, save for displacing Griffey.
Which we all know the legend gravy-train don't run out that quickly…
I'd much rather a relatively cheap 25-30 HR from Cust than the hugs, mascot routines, and forced nostalgia we get from a bunch of washed up has-beens who use their bestowed reputations as a way to steal roster spots from what could have been a contending team. This team needs at least one legitimate power source that pitchers need to be somewhat careful with. If the organization truly wanted to win, they wouldn't carry on with this blind loyalty to these guys.
MrZDevotee on April 8th, 2010 7:12 pm
Honestly, the offense isn't far off what I expected it to be. The starting rotation has been "not awful". What's most troubling to me is the bullpen. They've looked exceedingly average, in all 4 games.
Runs or no runs, we had leads late in games 2 and 3. And blew them. That's not the fault of our offense.
Our bunch of hard throwing righties better start using some effective pitches other than fastballs.
Although the real problem might be a case of "dead arm" for a bunch of young pitchers out in the bullpen. They didn't throw an awful lot of innings in spring, then suddenly the bullpen got leaned on heavily the first week of the real season. Let's see how they're throwing a week from now, when hopefully they have a little more life back in their arms.
But I don't see yet the logic in blaming the offense, who put us in position to win 3 out of 4 of these games, before the bullpen let us down.
And I certainly don't think it's time to panic when we're basically tied at the bottom of the West with Texas and Anaheim– the two teams we need to actually contend with this year.
Much like the Huskies hoop team this year, it doesn't really matter how poorly you play the first month of the season, it's more about putting yourself into position to make a move at the END of the season, and being ready to win games then. We hopefully have 5 months of Lee, and 3-4 months of Bedard ahead of us, which will upgrade our entire pitching staff accordingly.
And with the offense, there's no reason to believe Bradley is going to continue hitting .077 (he'd already have 3 HR at any other stadium). Ichiro and Figgins aren't gonna stay at .200 for long.
And there's actually a bright side to all of this early struggling, which is that it WILL force us to make some sort of decision regarding Sweeney & Griffey, that would otherwise go silently unaddressed if we have a great April.
Keep the faith boys. The thing we most worried about (the rotation beyond #1) hasn't been as bad as we feared, and meanwhile the bullpen and offense has been WORSE than reasonably expected. I don't think that last part will be the case the entire season. I certainly don't think this is a roster that's going to continue to strike out in roughly 1/4 of its at bats.
Give it at least four weeks before you allow yourself to have "bad feelings", or start trading away Cliff Lee BEFORE he's pitched a single game. Nothing warrants that yet. Not saying it won't happen, but really, it's not time to slit our wrists yet.
Bring on the Rangers (whom I'm sure haven't thrown in the towel yet, being in the same position as us).
This team needs at least one legitimate power source that pitchers need to be somewhat careful with. If the organization truly wanted to win, they wouldn't carry on with this blind loyalty to these guys.
I can agree with the spirit of what you say, flashbeak…but what can you do? Sweeney outhit just about everybody in spring training. If they tell him that that performance wasn't enough to get him on the squad, then why even give him a tryout in the first place?
And as far as Griffey goes, I wasn't thrilled with the re-up. Because I knew that his presence would become an albatross sooner or later, a limit on bench versatility at the very least.
But, sending him packing after four games is a PR nightmare writ large. PR nightmares are lost revenue.
Like it or not, there are too many people that just see the "24" and "Griffey" on the uniform, and bring their kids to see the legend. A fading or already faded legend, mayhap…but a legend that's putting butts in seats for a front office that's trying to stop the precipitous decline in attendance at Safeco the last few years (Safeco drew 2.2 mil last year, down 38% from 2002's 3.54M).
Sweeney just forced several hands- that didn't expect to get forced- by forgetting for a month-plus that he was supposed to be washed-up.
And technically, reputations aren't "bestowed", they're "earned". Even if what earned them is firmly in the past tense.
Myself, I'm giving them the next fourteen games before I ring any alarm bells. That's eighteen games, or exactly one-ninth of the season.
Not enough to lose a pennant, enough to get a good, concise idea of what you've got.
Jeff Nye on April 8th, 2010 8:16 pm
Blarrrrrgh at the Griffey debate coming up again, but I suppose it was unavoidable.
1) "Power" isn't something you need to win games, scare pitchers, whatever. It just isn't. What you need to have are good hitters, and that's what the Mariners seem to be short on at the moment.
2) Are there really that many people who are still showing up just for Griffey? Didn't most of those people get enough last year?
And yes, it's way too early to be pushing the panic button.
charliebrown on April 8th, 2010 8:35 pm
"Power" isn't something you need to win games, scare pitchers, whatever. It just isn't. What you need to have are good hitters, and that's what the Mariners seem to be short on at the moment
I wish more people would realize that about "Power". But, to be honest, the Mariners have been short on good hitters since the end of last season and they really didn't do much in the offseason to address that shortcoming. Sweeney taking up a roster spot certainly doesn't help.
I refuse to overreact to a negligible sample size, but these concerns were concerns before the season started too.
Dave S. on April 8th, 2010 8:43 pm
So, what happens when Saunders is ready? That would seem to be the obvious solution to a number of problems, if he is determined to be ready for full-time status. Bradley moves to DH, Griffey to the bench, and Sweeney is the odd man out. More likely, someone will get hurt and Saunders will have to take their place.
juneau_fan on April 8th, 2010 8:47 pm
I dunno. All I know is, it seems as though every time I flip over to FSN early for a game, that damn Griffey, Behind the Music, or whatever it is, is on. And we have to at least get through his bobblehead night before he suddenly goes on the DL with knee swelling.
And he sure doesn't look like he came to ST 'in the best shape of his life.'
"Power" isn't something you need to win games, scare pitchers, whatever. It just isn't. What you need to have are good hitters
Great point, Jeff.
Again, thinking 1985 Cardinals…what other championship-caliber team of the modern era can you think of that had more wins (101) than home runs (87)?
Dave Spiwak on April 8th, 2010 9:09 pm
Last year we were 2 and 2. This year 1 and 3. So not much difference. However last year the A's were the M's punching bag and that seems to have changed. Maybe we can beat up on the Rangers this year.
kenshabby on April 8th, 2010 10:10 pm
The Giants' wagon was conveniently riding alongside the Mariners', so I jumped over to it for the time being. Once things are looking steadier and I know I won't get motion sickness I'll leap back.
Ichigar Buhney Jr on April 8th, 2010 11:07 pm
Gotta say that many people will still come out to Safeco for Jr alone…People will most definately come…Lets just hope he can still provide them with a few more happy memories.
If anyone has actually jumped off the wagon after four games I have to seriously question their moxy. Fans like that give fanbases bad names, so try to give the guys a chance to see some pitches and average out before we decide who can and cannot hack it.
It was Doug Fister vs Brett Anderson. They weren't going to win this game without a lot of luck.I hope we don't rely on Fister's luck for too much more of the season!
Hope the catcher and ss spots aren't black holes in the lineup all season long.
spankystout on April 9th, 2010 12:47 am
To those who say its "just one series."
Our skepticism is not new! It was the same concerns voiced before, and now during the season. I don't believe that home runs are the be-all-end-all. But someone who can hit the ball hard consistently would be undeniably beneficial. Weren't the 1985 Cardinals an NL team?!?!? Last time I checked the AL averages more runs per game.
An NL styled roster complete with a 11 man pitching staff (attempt at) isn't going to find a high majority of success. Especially if the M's can't score enough. Last the year the M's got the better end of one run games. They will regress.. The Z-man has done an amazing job! But I disagree with the Sweeney and 11 man staff decisions. Its not like I/we skeptics are saying overhaul the offense! To be competitive in the AL you will have to score some runs…………..How would his team perform in the NL West?
If they team wasn't prepared to have Sweeney on the roster they shouldn't have given him a deal. That's baseball 101. Sweeney seems like a genuinely nice person, but his spot should have been given to Jesus Colome.
LongTimeFan on April 9th, 2010 5:48 am
Maybe you can blame last night's loss on me, because as soon as Kotchman came up to bat with the bases packed and 1 out, I immediately thought, "Uh-oh, here comes the rally-ending double play ball," and literally thirty seconds later, I was turning the TV off and thinking:
"Oh, somewhere in this favored land the sun is shining bright;
The band is playing somewhere, and somewhere hearts are light,
And somewhere men are laughing, and somewhere children shout;
But there is no joy in M-ville – slow-footed Casey has GIDP."
Still, I thought it was encouraging that the Mariners scored twice in the 9th and actually got the tying run to the plate. They were a double and a single away from tying it and that gives them a better frame of mind to build off of for the next game than the feeling they would have had losing 6-0.
For those that are contemplating leaping off the bandwagon this early, take a little comfort in the fact that every other team is starting out relatively slow as well, and I mean EVERYONE.
I don't remember if I have ever seen a season start with only 1 team remaining undefeated after just the opening series. That one team is of course the Giants, not exactly a lock to win 100 games this year. Let's just see how this first month plays out, but again the start to this season seems to reflect an unusual amount of parity around the majors, at least in the first week.
gnaztee on April 9th, 2010 7:51 am
RE: the need for an offensive upgrade/power hitter…Oakland's offense doesn't seem to have an intimidating hitter, nor did they slam a bunch of home runs in the series, but they're 3-1. So, should Oakland fans be calling for a legit power hitter? Seems to me that pitching was the difference in the series.
HititHere on April 9th, 2010 10:00 am
Regression to the mean, folks.
Yes, the offense has been bad so far. The team batting average currently sits at .200. In fact, only 4 players have batting averages above .200… Lopez, Tui, Franklin and Sweeney. Sweeney and Tui have just 4 ABs apiece, anyway.
The M's will not hit .200 all season. At worst, you're looking at .240, and probably closer to .260 or even .270. Few teams since 1900 have managed to hit under ~.240, even .250. Never .200.
Relax a little bit. Regression to the mean. It will happen. We're 4 games in.
eponymous coward on April 9th, 2010 1:35 pm
Gotta say that many people will still come out to Safeco for Jr alone…
Right, which is why Mariner attendance went from 2,329,702 in 2008 without Junior to 2,195,533 in 2009 with him. The M's 2009 attendance, by the by, is a new season low at Safeco, and the lowest attendance in a full 162 game season since 1993 (and barely above that).
Oh, and population in the Puget Sound area? Considerably up in nearly 20 years…
Eponymous-
That's not really a fair evaluation. I don't think we CAN do a fair evaluation of 2008 to 2009. The M's went into a season with expectations of the playoffs and came out of it with 100 losses and a clubhouse divided and in chaos.
Our attendance was gonna take a big dip in 2009. And no way to tell how much it would have dropped off had we not picked up Ken Griffey Jr.
So yeah, I don't think that was a fair rebuttal. (And I consider myself as being against Jr. having a roster spot, for the record.)
Also, I bet there were a lot of family sports attendees going to Sounders games too last year– that otherwise would take the kids to baseball games. (The Sounders set their league's all-time record for attendance in their rookie season.)
Matt the Dragon on April 9th, 2010 2:39 pm
Depends on where your cut-off for the modern era is.
A quick check just back to 1960 shows 50 teams (40 NL and 10 AL) with more wins than home runs.
The vast majority were pretty awful teams but include 7 playoff teams, 5 that went to the World Series and 2 that won it. ('82 Cardinals – 92/67 – and '65 Dodgers – 97/78) Oddly, or perhaps not, all 7 final playoff series went the distance. (The above two, plus '68, '85 & '87 WS; '80 NLCS; and '76 ALCS)
The '81 Cardinals should probably count too as they had the best record in the NL but didn't make the playoffs due to finishing second in both halves of the strike-shortened season.
Obviously it's unlikely to happen again since even low home run totals now are beyond reasonable win levels. (Oakland trailed the AL with 135 HR last year.) In fact, no AL club has hit less than 100 home runs in a season since 3 did it in 1992. (Brewers 82; Red Sox 84; Angels 88)
But definitely teams can be championship calibre without being great home run teams. See your 2001 Mariners, only 169 home runs (American League average was 179) but 116 wins.
One last note, 25 of the 50 teams mentioned above were various incarnations of the Astros and Cardinals, good or otherwise. I'll spare you the complete list.


text:
Q: How to find where binutils is installed on centOS 7? I used the following commands to install binutils on centOS 7:
$ sudo yum install binutils
Package binutils-2.27-28.base.el7_5.1.x86_64 already installed and latest version

Then I query where it's installed by
$ rpm -q binutils
binutils-2.27-28.base.el7_5.1.x86_64

But I still don't know where it's installed. How do I find where it installed?

A: Some thing like this
rpm -ql binutils-2.27-28.base.el7_5.1.x86_64

The general command to find where is the package is installed is
rpm -ql <package>

A: To find out the location where all the files are installed for a given packagename
you can use:
rpm -ql package_name

It basically lists all the files that are installed on your system using the required package name. So it gives the complete plath for the files that the package has installed on your system.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


text:
By using this website, I accept the use of cookies.Learn More
MyCart
Motor Drivers ICs
Optical Sensor ICs
Biopotential Sensors
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Application Notes > 1-Wire® Devices > APP 3675
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Application Notes > Embedded Security > APP 3675
Maxim > Design Support > Technical Documents > Application Notes > iButton® > APP 3675
Keywords: SHA-1, SHA-2, SHA-256, SHA256, secure hash algorithm, secure authenticator, secure memory, 1-Wire, authentication
APPLICATION NOTE 3675
Protect Your R&D Investment with Secure Authentication
By: Scott Jones
Abstract: In the age of identity theft and faked IDs, achieving positive identification is of paramount importance. This is not only true for individuals, but also applies to electronic products. Manufacturers of nearly all equipment types need to protect their products against the counterfeit components that aftermarket companies will attempt to introduce into the OEM supply chain. Secure authentication provides a strong electronic solution to address this threat as well as additional useful end-product features.
This application note explains the concept of authentication and specifically Maxim's solution in the form of secure authenticators to solve application requirements including intellectual property protection, embedded HW/SW license management, secure soft-feature and status setting, and tamper-proof data storage.
What is Authentication?
Authentication is a process with the objective to establish proof of identity between two or more entities. In the case of one-way authentication, just one party is involved proving its identity to another. With two-way authentication, both parties prove their identity to each other. The most commonly used method of authentication is the password. The main problem with passwords is that they are exposed when used, making them vulnerable to spying.
After reviewing the historical use of cryptography, in 1883 the Flemish linguist Auguste Kerckhoffs published his findings in a groundbreaking article on military cryptography. Kerckhoffs argued that instead of relying on obscurity, security should depend on the strength of keys, because in the event of a breach, only the keys would need to be replaced, not the whole system.
A proven symmetric key-based authentication method works as shown in Figure 1: a secret key and the to-be-authenticated data ("message") are taken as input to compute a message authentication code or MAC. The MAC is then attached to the message and transmitted upon request. The recipient of the message performs the same computation and compares its version of the MAC to the one received with the message. If both MACs match, the message is authentic. A weakness with this basic model, however, is that a static, intercepted message and MAC can later, or subsequently, be replayed by a nonauthentic sender and be mistaken as authentic.
Figure 1. MAC computation model.
To prove the authenticity of the MAC originator (for example, a system accessory), the recipient (i.e., the host system to which the accessory is attached) generates a random number and sends it as a challenge to the originator. The MAC originator must then compute a new MAC based on the secret, the message, and the challenge and send it back to the recipient. If the originator proves capable of generating a valid MAC for any challenge, it is very certain that it knows the secret and therefore can be considered authentic. Figure 2 shows this challenge-and-response authentication flow and the associated data elements.
Figure 2. Challenge-and-response authentication data flow.
In cryptography, an algorithm that generates a fixed-length message authentication code from a message is called a one-way hash function. "One-way" indicates that it is mathematically infeasible to conclude from the fixed-length output MAC the usually larger input message, which includes the secret key.
Two thoroughly scrutinized and internationally certified one-way hash algorithms are the FIPS 180 SHA-1 and SHA-2, which were developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The mathematics behind these algorithms is publicly available through the NIST website. Distinctive characteristics of the algorithms are: 1) irreversibility—it is computationally infeasible to determine the input corresponding to a MAC; 2) collision-resistance—it is impractical to find more than one input message that produces a given MAC; and 3) high avalanche effect—any change in input produces a significant change in the MAC result. For these reasons, as well as the international scrutiny of the algorithms, Maxim selected SHA-1 and SHA-2 for challenge-and-response authentication of its secure authenticators. Further, Maxim implemented the SHA-256 variant of SHA-2 in its latest products.
Low-Cost Secure Authentication—The System Implementation
Thanks to the 1-Wire® interface, a secure authenticator, such as the DeepCover® Secure Authenticator (DS28E15), can easily be added to any system where digital processing capabilities exist, such as to a microcontroller (µC). In the simplest case, all that is needed is one spare microcontroller port pin and a pullup resistor for the 1-Wire line, as shown in Figure 3. However, a potential risk with this approach is the use of a nonsecure microcontroller that can be analyzed by an attacker to understand and compromise the security.
Alternatively, as shown in Figure 4, an IC, such as the DeepCover Secure Authenticator (DS2465) SHA-256 coprocessor with integrated 1-Wire master interface, can be used to operate and control the DS28E15. While the DS28E15 can be operated with a microcontroller-only approach, the benefits of using a DS2465 include: 1) offloading SHA-256 computation from the host µC; 2) highly secure storage of the system SHA-256 secret; and 3) offloading 1-Wire waveform generation from the host µC.
Figure 3. Basic application example.
Figure 4. Using a coprocessor to enhance security.
Systems with replacement sensors, peripherals, modules, or consumables are commonly targeted by unauthorized aftermarket companies. These counterfeit versions can introduce safety concerns, reduce quality to the application, and in general negatively impact the OEM solution. Introducing secure authentication into the solution enables the host system to test sensor or module authenticity and to take application-specific action if a counterfeit is detected. As shown in Figure 5, a challenge-and-response sequence between the system and attached peripheral is exercised to confirm authenticity.
Figure 5. Testing for authenticity with a challenge-and-response sequence.
Embedded HW/SW License Management
Reference designs, which are subsequently licensed and possibly manufactured by third parties, require barriers to prevent unauthorized use of the intellectual property. For revenue reasons, it is also necessary to track and confirm the number of reference uses. A preprogrammed SHA-256 authenticator (with a secret, user memory, and settings installed prior to delivery to the third-party manufacturer), such as the DeepCover Secure Authenticator (DS28E25), easily solves these requirements and more. As a power-up self-check, the reference (Figure 6) performs an authentication sequence with the DS28E25. Only a DS28E25 with valid secret, known only by the licensing company and reference electronics, will be successful at reply with a valid MAC. The reference processor would take appropriate, application-specific action if an invalid MAC is detected. The additional benefit of this approach is the ability to selectively license and enable reference features and functionality through settings stored in the secure DS28E25 memory (for more on this concept, see section Soft-Feature Management).
The DS28E25, or other secure authenticator, with a valid secret is supplied to the licensee or third-party manufacturer through one of two secure methods: 1) preprogrammed by the company licensing the reference, or 2) preprogrammed by Maxim per the licensing company's input and then delivered to the third-party manufacturer. In either case, the number of devices sent to the licensee or manufacturer is known and can be used to validate license fees.
Figure 6. Authenticating the reference design.
Verification of Hardware Authenticity
When verifying hardware authenticity, there are two cases to be considered (Figure 7): 1) a cloned circuit board with an exact copy of the µC firmware or FPGA configuration, and 2) a cloned system host. The SHA-1-based DS28E01-100 is used in this example.
Figure 7. Hardware authentication example.
In the first case, the firmware or FPGA attempts to authenticate the cloned circuit board. For this to be successful, the clone manufacturer must load a secret into a secure authenticator in order to write data into the user EEPROM. While this may make the data look correct, the secret is not valid in the system. Due to the complexity in changing the firmware or FPGA and the need to remain compatible with the host, the firmware or FPGA configuration has to be an exact copy of the original. If the board performs a challenge-and-response authentication of the DS28E01-100 during the power-up phase, the MAC generated by the DS28E01-100 will be different from the MAC computed by the firmware or FPGA. This MAC mismatch is strong evidence that the board is not authentic. This would be detected by the system performing a challenge-and-response sequence with the board, and application-specific action would then be taken.
In the second case, the circuit board authenticates the host system. The board can verify the authenticity of the host using the following procedure: 1) generate a challenge and let the DS28E01-100 compute a challenge-and-response authentication MAC; and 2) send the same MAC computation input data (except for the secret, of course) to the network host, which then computes and returns a challenge-and-response authentication MAC from that data and its own secret. If both MACs match, the board can assume that the host is authentic.
Soft-Feature Management
Electronic systems range from handheld products to units that fill several racks. The larger the unit's size, the more costly it is to develop. To keep the cost under control, there is a desire to construct a large system from a limited selection of smaller subsystems (boards). Often, not all features of a subsystem are needed in the application. Instead of removing these features, it is more cost-effective to leave the board as is and to simply disable them in the control software. This, however, creates a new problem: a smart customer who needs several fully featured systems could just buy one fully featured unit and several units with reduced features. Then, copying the software, the simpler units behave like the fully featured unit but for a lower price, shortchanging the system vendor.
A Maxim SHA-256 device, such as the DeepCover Secure Authenticator (DS28E22), on the board of each subsystem can protect the system vendor from this type of fraud. In addition to serving for challenge-and-response authentication, the same DS28E22 can store the individual configuration settings in its user EEPROM. As explained later in the section Data Security, this data is protected from unauthorized changes, giving full control to the system vendor. The configuration settings can be stored in the form of a bitmap or code words as deemed appropriate by the system designer.
Secure Authentication Device Overview
General Device Architecture
The SHA engine of SHA-1 and SHA-256 devices can be operated in three different ways depending on the operation to be performed. In all cases, the engine receives input data and computes a MAC result. For each operation type, there are differences in the SHA engine's input data based on the targeted use of the MAC result. For any SHA operation, as a fundamental requirement of symmetric key-based secure systems, the host must either know or be able to compute the secret stored in the slave device in order to be authenticated.
Note: given the secure and application-sensitive nature of secure authentication products, device details are omitted from this document. The full version of individual device data sheets, available under a nondisclosure agreement (NDA), provides this information.
Challenge-and-Response Authentication MAC
The primary purpose of SHA-1 and SHA-256 secure authenticators is challenge-and-response authentication. The host sends a random challenge and instructs the slave device to compute a MAC response from the challenge, the secret, user memory, and additional data that together constitute the "message" (Figure 8).
Figure 8. Data flow for challenge-and-response authentication MAC.
After it has finished computing, the slave device sends its MAC to the host for verification. The host then duplicates the MAC computation using a valid secret and the same message data that was used by the slave. A match of the MAC received from the slave provides authentication of the device, since only an authentic slave will respond to the challenge-and-response sequence correctly. It is crucial that the challenge is based on random data. A never-changing challenge opens the door to replay attacks using a valid static MAC that is recorded and replayed instead of a MAC that is instantly computed by an authentic slave.
Beyond proving authenticity, it is highly desirable to know that the data stored in the slave device can be trusted. For this reason, write access to the EEPROM in a secure authenticator is securely restricted. Before copying data from an input buffer to the EEPROM or control registers, the slave device requires the requesting host to supply a valid write-access authentication MAC to prove its authenticity. The slave device computes this MAC from the new data in its input buffer memory, its secret, and additional data, as shown in Figure 9.
An authentic host knows, or is able to compute, the secret and is able to generate a valid write-access MAC. When receiving the MAC from the host during the copy command, the slave compares it to its own result. Data is transferred from the input buffer to the destination in EEPROM only if both MACs match. Of course, memory pages that are write-protected cannot be modified, even if the MAC is correct.
Figure 9. Data flow for a write-access authentication MAC.
Secret Protection
The architecture of Maxim's secure authenticators allows direct load of a secret into the device. Secret protection is provided by both read-protection and, if desired, write-protection, which prevents the secret from ever being changed. This level of protection is effective as long as access to the secret is secure and controlled during initial installation at the equipment production site.
The quality of the secret can be increased in various ways: 1) let the slave device compute its secret; 2) let the slave compute its secret in multiple stages performed at different sites; 3) create device-specific secrets by including the unique device ID number in the computation of the secret; or 4) a combination of 2 and 3.
If each secure authenticator computes its secret, only the ingredients of the secret are known but the secret itself is never exposed. If the secret is computed in multiple stages using different sites, only the local ingredients of the secret are known, which provides a method to control the knowledge of the "final" secret. If the secrets are device-specific, an additional computing step is required for the host, but the potential damage is minimal if a device secret is accidentally discovered. If the secret is computed in multiple stages and made device-specific, the highest possible secrecy is achieved. However, the hosts, like the slaves, need to be set-up at different sites to prevent compromise of system secrecy.
If instructed to compute a secret, the secure authenticator uses its SHA-1 or SHA-2 engine and computes a MAC using device-specific data items as shown in Figure 10. The MAC result is then used to derive the new secret.
Figure 10. Data flow for new secret computation.
Maxim's secure authentication solutions enable a system developer to protect against inevitable accessory or subsystem counterfeiting attempts. Additionally, tamper-proof user memory provides secure methods to enable or disable features in a system with configurable functionality. A small but powerful silicon chip can make a big difference to the bottom line.
1-Wire is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
DeepCover is a registered trademark of Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
DS1961S iButton 1Kb EEPROM with SHA-1 Engine
DS1963S iButton Monetary Device with SHA-1 Function
DS2460 SHA-1 Coprocessor with EEPROM Samples
DS2465 DeepCover Secure Authenticator with SHA-256 Coprocessor and 1-Wire Master Function Samples
DS24L65 DeepCover Secure Authenticator with SHA-256 Coprocessor and 1-Wire Master Function Samples
DS28E01-100 1Kb Protected 1-Wire EEPROM with SHA-1 Engine Samples
DS28E02 1-Wire SHA-1 Authenticated 1Kb EEPROM with 1.8V Operation Samples
DS28E10 1-Wire SHA-1 Authenticator Samples
DS28E15 DeepCover Secure Authenticator with 1-Wire SHA-256 and 512-Bit User EEPROM Samples
DS28E22 DeepCover Secure Authenticator with 1-Wire SHA-256 and 2Kb User EEPROM Samples
DS28EL15 DeepCover Secure Authenticator with 1-Wire SHA-256 and 512-Bit User EEPROM Samples
DS28EL22 DeepCover Secure Authenticator with 1-Wire SHA-256 and 2Kb User EEPROM Samples
EE-Mail Subscribe to EE-Mail and receive automatic notice of new documents in your areas of interest.
Download Download, PDF Format (221kB)
© Oct 19, 2012, Maxim Integrated Products, Inc.
The content on this webpage is protected by copyright laws of the United States and of foreign countries. For requests to copy this content, contact us.
APP 3675:	Oct 19, 2012
APPLICATION NOTE 3675, AN3675, AN 3675, APP3675, Appnote3675, Appnote 3675
Login to MyMaxim
Not registered? Sign up now!
Login is required for MyBookmarks
Bookmark is added successfully
Click and drag tools to customize your dashboard.
Questions or feedback? contact us.
©2019 Maxim Integrated | Contact Us | Careers | Legal | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Site Map

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


Ross 2010 match list is up.
They got a crazy number of EM spots this year. I have just been hearing over and over how insanely hard the match was this year. This list is somewhat re assuring that its not that bad yet. Saw some crazy stuff on there, lots of gas, saw an opthmo, lots of categorical G surg, an ortho.
"I'd like to kill you, but I'm a healer."
"Newbie, stay! Ohh, what a good boy you are."
As I was saying in a previous post, going to the Carribbean is a great idea right now. Once you graduate and pass the boards, no one will care where you went to medical school - you can be any type of doctor you wish.
I beg to differ. I have no idea what your background is, but this is simply not true.
Also, I think there is only a single categorical G surg on the list. The rest are listed as PGY-1 only, so I presume those are prelim surgery.
Most of the matches are FP, IM, and Peds. Most of them are at community hospitals -- not that community hospitals are bad, but your post suggests that if you go to the carib and pass the boards, you can get anything you want. And that's not true at all.
As to the categorical surg comment. Look at the pgy-2 column which shows the second year positions. I count 19 categorical surgery matches. If it was just a preliminary the pgy-1 would show surgery but the pgy-2 would be blank.
Also just noted an ENT match too.
most students placed in primary care and some with only 1 year appointments.
how many students are there in the graduating class? it looks like there are a ton!
with all the doom and gloom i've been reading here regarding caribbean schools and the match, the auc, sgu, and ross match lists don't look nearly as bad as expected... i'm not saying to run off and enroll in a caribbean school... but certainly things didn't go completely south (no pun intended) this year.
My bad. I looked under "surgery", but it appears the categorical matches are listed as "General Surgery". The prelim surgery / PGY-1 only matches appear to be labeled "Surgery"
Assuming that residency spots remain unchanged, it will be a slow process over the next 4 years.
An interesting thing about this list is that there are about 650 names on it. Ross seems to take ~400 students per semester, of which there are 3, so we assume they start with ~1200 students per year.
So, if you go to Ross, it looks like you have about a 50% chance of actually making it to the point of applying for a residency. If you do make it that far, you then have a 19/650 = 3% chance at Gen Surgery.
I'm not bashing Ross here. The point is simply this -- going to an offshore school is a risk. You might fail out / not get a residency. If you do, it's much more likely that it will be in FM, IM, or Peds, and much more likely to be at a smaller community hospital. These statistics are likely to get worse over time, but no one knows what really will happen (another volcanic eruption could flatten SGU, for example). Some people beat the odds and end up with Rads, ENT, GS, and other competitive fields -- and that's great, but they are the exceptions. Should someone decide to go to Ross, perhaps they will be the exception also. But, statistically it's unlikely. However, it's all up to you and your performance at Ross.
The fallacy is that if you pass all of your courses and pass the USMLE, that you can do whatever you want. In fact, simply passing your USMLE's may get you no residency at all.
my understanding is that while they (ross) do take in about 400 students 3 times per year, you're only going to have 2 of those 3 classes graduating (and thus applying for the match) each year... maybe i'm wrong but i'm pretty sure that's the way it works out. maybe a ross student will clarify.
if that's the case then that makes about 800 potential graduates with about 650 names on that list... so 800/650 ~80%... i'm also guessing that there is a significant attrition rate which would bring that 800 number down but that there are people who failed classes and have been set back a semester... maybe they equal each other out... still, 80% seems a lot better than 50%.
it's a risk to go to the ross, auc or sgu. and it's an even bigger risk to go to any of the lesser caribbean schools... there's no doubt about it... but from my point of view (after reading about all the trouble these students will face in the match) the 2010 match results for these three schools was no where near as sorry as i expected.
oh, and yea, i agree about the future... if the spots remain unchanged then it could play out slowly... but we just don't really know.
yea... i see that... you're right.
i noted there's "washington hospital center" internal medicine residency from WA in the Ross match list. I'm from WA state, there is no washington hospital center internal medicine residency here. there are only three internal medicine residencies in WA state: spokane (sacred heart hospital) residency, virginia mason in seattle, and university of washington IM. ?????
^^^ I think the Carib schools self report, hence the error.
Mostly community programs on the list. Few university programs. But hey, if you went way out to the Carib to get a shot at an MD, probably doesn't matter to you much. You succeeded.


Technology and innovation is a driving drive to stay forward within the vehicle trade. On this tutorial you'll be taught different photomanipulation methods corresponding to tips on how to implement stock pictures in your picture, how you can combine them collectively to create a surreal image and methods to use the 3D instrument of Photoshop to present your piece a greater look.
Each business, small dedicated firm and massive multinational alike, as soon as upon a time was established as a result of their founders saw a business opportunity, or to be more exact: an entrepreneurial enterprise alternative. When new applied sciences emerge generally people are not skilled to make use of these applied sciences and tend to lose their employment.
In an analogous approach, iPhone utility known as Pagestreamer Know-how" is changing the way folks read the newspaper. On this specific article we'll create the visible concept and total design concept in Photoshop, using varied effects, mixing modes and layer types to create all the detailed elements of the design.
Clearly, the company will continue to sell huge numbers of gadgets, but its status as the worldwide cell powerhouse will slip. This is step by step Photoshop tutorial that teaches you how one can create blurred, bokeh impact background and exquisite splash impact for Roses bouquet.
When digital signage was first launched, it was very costly but as time has moved on, an increasing number of persons are turning into conscious of this new promoting medium which introduced the price down in an inexpensive criteria leaving open air for fast expansion into the advertising market.


Tim Abell's blog: LibreOffice mail merge - "data source 'SOURCE' was not found"
LibreOffice mail merge - "data source 'SOURCE' was not found"
So another year on, LibreOffice 4.2.7.2 (via Linux Mint 17.1) still has a dog's breakfast of a mail merge feature, hey ho, hopefully it might actually get fixed following the fork from OpenOffice and the change in contribution methods.
So I've moved machines, copied my files across and for some reason my mail merge has soiled itself and now bleats "data source 'SOURCE' was not found" which is as unhelpful as it is infuriating, especially given that the "check connections" button is exactly the wrong place to look for an answer.
Turns out you actually get this if even just a single field in your document is 'broken'. How do you tell which ones are broken? Well you have to change them all to just be sure. Sigh.
Turn on the field names so you can see what the f*** is actually going on with "View > Field Names (ctrl+f9)" which will show you the fully qualified field name, which might even be completely wrong. You can now see that for whatever reason (insanity?) it embeds more than just the field name at the field place-holder.
And finally the way you actually fix the broken fields it's failing to tell you about actually lies under the menu item "Edit > Fields", where you can change all the broken references one at a time to the correct place.
For bonus points, if it the field looks right but is silently broken somehow then you have to change the field to something else, hit okay, and then change it back again for anything to actually change, which is annoying if you have a lot of fields.
Another fix I've just discovered is you can rename your data source to match the name defined in the fields (assuming they're all the same) and it'll start working again.
If you're stuck on point 1, here's how you fix it, also completely non-obvious and full of apparent dead-ends and dubious information.
Give up on trying to do this in writer, it doesn't seem possible, in spite of false hope from the data sources tool, it only allows you to select .odb (database) files, not spreadsheets.
Choose "connect to an existing database"
In the dropdown choose "Spreadsheet"
It prompts to save the new database (.odb), I suggest saving it in the same folder as the spreadsheet to save future confusion.
Open the data sources again (F4), you should now be able to browse your spreadsheet via your newly created database.
Hope that helps some other poor open source die-hard who has work to do.
In Apache open office it is no problem to merge with data from a spreadsheet (ods. file), but sometimes (like often) it doesn't work, for no apparent reason. The only solution is to use the mailmerge wizard to generate your documents.


Thanks Investopia for today's list of 5 Apps Every Financial Advisor Should Have. Included in the list is SignMyPad!!
Also making the list is our friends at Evernote and LinkedIn's Card Munch.
If you are in finance and aren't using SignMyPad let us know why! If you are in finance and are using SignMyPad help tell those who aren't just what they are missing!


This exhibition had the same title as my doctorate dissertation. Among other things, it was an attempt to turn words and speculations about objects into visual art.
As the ten installations are strongly connected to intellectual experiences I had in Europe during the four years of my studies, I gave each of them the title of the place or person which have somehow influenced the work. It was my homage to everything and everybody that contributed to my artistic development between 2008 and 2012.
The text of each installation was or adapted from material I read during the doctorate or from contributions I requested from friends. Finally, I would like to acknowledge Barbara Bloom's installation Present (2010), which served as an inspiration for this exhibition.


text:
by James Dashner
Dashner (the 13th Reality series) offers up a dark and gripping tale of survival set in a world where teenagers fight for their lives on a daily basis. It starts when Thomas, a teenage amnesiac, wakes up in the Glade, a fragile oasis in the middle of an enormous maze. Here, a group of teenage boys eke out a hazardous existence, exploring the Maze by day and retreating to the Glade at night. No one knows how they got there; no one has ever found a way out ("Old life's over, new life's begun. Learn the rules quick," the group's leader tells Thomas). Bizarre technological monsters called Grievers patrol the Maze's corridors, almost certain death for any who encounter them. Thomas struggles to regain his memories, but the arrival of a young woman with an ominous message changes the rules of the game. With a fast-paced narrative steadily answering the myriad questions that arise and an ever-increasing air of tension, Dashner's suspenseful adventure will keep readers guessing until the very end, which paves the way for the inevitable continuation. Ages 12-up. (Oct.) Copyright 2009 Reed Business Information.


Welcome to the faculty iWay pages dedicated to assessment! This page will guide you to the resources and information you need to maintain and use your assessment plans. If you have questions or suggestions for improving this site, please contact Prof. Richard Leiby.
Plato quotes Socrates as having believed that "the unexamined life is not worth living..." Self-examination, for the purposes of evaluation and improvement, is an essential ingredient of the human experience. As teachers, we owe it to our students and to ourselves to be introspective and identify problems that impede our performance. Academic assessment provides the framework for that effort.
The old educational paradigm equated success with knowledge. Today, however, we live in a society driven by technology that changes almost as rapidly as the seasons. It is no longer enough to rely on knowledge alone; we must also recognize that students need skills in order to function in the global marketplace. Education has to be responsive to both of these needs. Assessment helps us do just that, by allowing us to change as society changes.
Please note the addition of a new link in the box to the left....Quick Links to GE Rubrics. Students now have access to that window, so you may direct them here to find and download rubrics.
Toggle Collapse ARE YOU NEW TO ASSESSMENT at ROSEMONT?????
This basic primer is designed to teach newcomers about Rosemont's learning assessment efforts. Updated 5/14/18 from previous Assessment 101 document to reflect new structures of student learning assessment.
A visual representation of Rosemont's General Education structure.
If you are a GenED coordinator, please take a moment to review this guide. It is a revised version of the one that was handed to you in 2016.
Toggle Collapse GEN. ED. REPORTS--READ THIS EXAMPLE!
This is an example of a useful report. Note that it fulfills all the requirements: 1. It gives a brief outline of the types of assignments used to teach the rubric competencies, 2. It provides a quantitative analysis of rubric scores, 3. It provides a detailed analysis of the conclusions one can draw from the data, and 4. It "closes the loop" by posing ideas for changes to enhance student learning.
Use this template for your General Education reports.
(Note: This form replaces the previous MAJOR AREA ASSESSMENT template and the previous Discipline Review Template).
Use this template to report on the assessment of student learning within your discipline's upper division courses. The fields should expand to accommodate your typing. If you have any difficulty with the form, please let me know.
These forms will be compiled and reported as per faculty agreement and approved by faculty vote on Feb. 27, 2018.
Contact the director of assessment with any questions.
Use this template to create a visual representation of your major area assessment plan, charted against the courses that serve it.
Type the assessment goal information in each appropriate field on the y-axis, then fill in your courses on the x-axis, denoting which courses assess which goals.
This file is offered to you as an example of how assessment data can be accumulated, analyzed, and graphically presented. It is actually in use by the Modern Languages Department and is sent to all part-time instructors for utilization in their assessment reports. Thanks go to Prof. Tatiana Ripoll-Paez for sharing this!
If you are new to assessment, or simply want a refresher, this article is MUST READING.
This useful chart explains learning goals and outcomes using Bloom's taxonomy and levels of cognition.
This file shows which General Education outcomes are most widely shared across AAC&U institutions. One can compare our Gen Ed competency areas to those on this list to see how we "stack up" with the educational goals of other institutions.
A graphic representation of Rosemont's General Education structure, as recently amended by Curriculum Committee and general faculty approval.
This file is a visual representation of how the General Education skills are reassessed in the capstone projects within majors. It has been updated to show recent curricular changes, but is still in under revision.
This power point presentation was given at a Faculty Professional Development lunch on February 10, 2016. It describes Competency based Assessment and compares it to our present assessment scheme, postulating strengths and weaknesses of each.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON CBE, PLEASE CONSULT THE ARTICLES POSTED BELOW IN THE "RESOURCES" SECTION.
This article from NILOA (National Institutes for Learning Outcomes Assessment) explains what the new "Degree Qualifications Profile" entails, and what it might mean for assessment. It offers a completely different way of looking outcomes assessment -- basing student learning against mastery of competencies rather than a "pass this course" approach.
Linda Suskie, one of the most prominent names in assessment in recent years, created this power point presentation for the recent AICUP conference. It contains a succinct explanation of the why's and what's and how's of assessment.
This article, written by Professor Andrew Fort, summarizes the angst many of us may feel about assessment, and discusses what one person did to overcome that angst.
NEW--Here is the power point from the faculty presentation on the structure of GenEd assessment.
Notes from the Provost's presentation on GenEd at the faculty meeting.
From 2010--Contains hints on good practices for General Education assessment.
An interview with a practitioner.
An excellent article on where the AAC&U comes down on competency-based education.
Read this recent article discussing competency-based learning. It contains a draft of guidelines on what such a process would look like in practice.
FOR MORE INFORMATION ON CBE, CONSULT THE PRESENTATION FROM A FACULTY PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT LUNCH EARLY THIS YEAR, POSTED ABOVE UNDER THE "ARTICLES AND PRESENTATIONS" TAB.
Webpage with tips on developing rubrics, from a conference delivered by Dr. Mary Allen of the California State University system.
Handy guide to frame goals using expectations for higher-order thinking.
From Iowa State University.....this website presents and interactive way to look at cognitive learning skills (Bloom's taxonomy) and the various levels of knowledge from factual to metacognitive. It presents examples that can be used to build quality goals and objectives.


text:
Q: Why is Redshift throwing error code 1218 for a string that is NOT null terminated? I am querying the STL_LOAD table in redshift and I am seeing this error:
Invalid null byte - field longer than 1 byte

The error code is 1218. According to their documentation:
When using NULL AS '\0', a field containing a null terminator (NUL, or UTF-8 0000) contained more than one byte.

The culprit data of the error looks like this: \\u0000\\u0001\\u0000\\u0000\\u0000\\u00ff. But the string is not "null terminated", it actually ends with the small accented latin character ÿ. So why is the error being thrown?
I just need an explanation of what the error means, I cannot seem to find anything useful online
I am also using NULL AS '\0' setting for my COPY command


text:
Published: December 23 2017
2017 is almost over and it was certainly another very satisfying year for music in general. In the blues and rock scene, in particular, there have been several records shining and impressing both fans and worldwide press, thanks to a perfect blend of originality, great production, outstanding quality of musical and vocal arrangements, the lot.
One of the artists that has left a strong mark in 2017 is, undoubtedly, Danish blues and rock King Midas Thorbjorn Risager and his collective The Black Tornado. Their current album, called Change My Game and released early this year, is the ultimate statement of an artist and a band at the top of their game. An album packed with great songs, first class arrangements and some of Risager's best vocal performances ever recorded by the Danish artist in his career, Change My Game reflects as well, through its sound and the vibes emerging from the record, the atmospheres and the colors typical of the Scandinavian Region, adding a cinematic effect to the musical dynamic of the whole album, a bit like watching a Nordic Noir movie.
Read more: Nordic Noir - In Conversation With Thorbjorn Risager
Sometimes you cannot just help fate. Despite starting playing guitar at the age of 18, something that few would consider a relatively late stage in a musician's career, Texan folk/country singer/songwriter Jarrod Dickenson found himself in the space of few years and thanks to his many musical talents, to open up tours for artists of incredible stature like The Waterboys, Don McLean or Bonnie Raitt, just to mention few of them.
His 2012 album The Lonesome Traveler was a real triumph in many ways. Highly appreciated by both music critics and fellow artists too, The Lonesome Traveler gave Dickenson massive exposure, allowing him also to take part to some of the greatest music festival worldwide and, consequently, to be known by a wider audience through the years.
Read more: Under A Texan Moon - In Conversation With Jarrod Dickenson
Published: September 01 2017
(Photo by Tina Korhonen)
"The kids have gone to bed, so we can have a nice, quiet chat". It has not been very long since Bluebird Reviews last talked to an old time friend of our website, the very talented singer/songwriter and slide guitar goddess Erja Lyytinen. Even through a video call, it immediately transpires that the Finnish artist is in great form, through her contagious positivity and happiness and one of the nicest smiles of the music business. Just few months ago, Lyytinen's brand new album Stolen Hearts has received numerous accolades from fans and media and the album is still going very strong, in terms of record selling.
The Finnish artist had not released a new studio album since the 2013's one Forbidden Fruit and the sole release, in-between Stolen Hearts and Forbidden Fruit, has been the splendid 2015 live album recorded in England at the historic London venue The 100 Club.
Read more: Parenthood, Heartaches And Other Stories - In Conversation With Erja Lyytinen
(Photo by Leif Laaksonen)
It's rather difficult to find the right way to describe in one word the artistry of somebody like the 70 years-old rock pioneer Wilko Johnson, whose personal life and music career are of such stature that even the expressions "legendary" or "miraculous" struggle to express in its entirety.
Every respectable music fan knows of Johnson as being the former member, with Lee Brilleaux, of the mid-70's seminal rock band Dr. Feelgood or about the artist from Canvey Island joining Ian Dury's band, The Blockheads, later in 1980. In a career-span of almost 50 years made of many highs and very rare lows, Johnson has then reached in 2014 the top spot of the worldwide charts with the album Going Back Home, a record he made together with The Who's front-man Roger Daltrey, in a time of his life when Johnson, diagnosed with a terminal cancer, was mentally prepared to the idea of dying.
Read more: It's All An Accident! - An Interview With Wilko Johnson
Happiness Is A Warm Gun - In Conversation With Broken Witt Rebels
Published: July 28 2017
When in April 2016 the British collective Broken Witt Rebels released their third EP called Georgia Pine, they created a huge buzz in the whole of the Indie music industry in Great Britain. The EP contained five songs of an incredible impact, either emotional, musical, lyrical, something that blew the minds of many music lovers, no matter the genre played.
Given the young overall age of the band members, gravitating in the early twenties, the explosive sound and the musical maturity expressed by Danny Core (Lead Vocals, Guitar), Luke Davis (Vocals, Bass Guitar), James Dudley (Drums) and James Tranter (Vocals, Lead Guitar) was one of the most pleasant surprises of 2016. The success of the Birmingham-based collective has continued through this year as well and still going, through a massive amount of Tour Dates that took Broken Witt Rebels all around the United Kingdom, receiving numerous accolades by the fans and the music press.
Read more: Happiness Is A Warm Gun - In Conversation With Broken Witt Rebels
Who I Am - In Conversation With Aaron Keylock
Building The Confidence - In Conversation With Ronnie Baker Brooks
Jeff Healey: A Genius, A Friend & A Goof - In Conversation With Roger Costa, Producer & Healey's Close Friend
Living The Dream - In Conversation With Albert Castiglia


Josh is very excited to be taking a leadership role in advancing the well-being of individuals, and for that matter the betterment of humankind, and he wants you to be part of it!
He is very grateful to be certified as an Advanced Facilitator of the Higher Brain Living® program, and helping clients to be the very best they can be! As a facilitator, Josh helps his clients to awaken and energize the part of their mind that is designed to produce profound insight, peace of mind, and hence a life of greater purpose and fulfillment! Josh is a very satisfied former client and knows that the program has helped many of his clients move mountains in attaining many of their goals and other needs, through the use of acupuncture-like points, complemented with a series of client-led practices.
Please join Josh as he gives a presentation and exhibits at the Awaken Fair in Tarrytown, NY on Sunday April 28th, an extraordinary day-long event for a who's who gathering of health and wellness leaders! Look up this exciting event at https://www.awakenfair.com.
Nothing like being at the Awaken Wellness Fair in the beautiful Hudson Valley in the Spring, just 35 minutes north of NYC! This Fair is in three Speaker Rooms right next to the Grand Ballroom — all 3 rooms are right next to the Ballroom!In addition, we have our expanded Reader and Healer area for everyone's comfort… Yes, it's true — the Awaken Fair just keeps on growing!
For all attendees during the course of the day for the Awaken event, be entitled to make 2 scheduled future appointments for the price of one.
For all who have attended the Awaken Fair on the 28th and was one of the first 500 attendees to receive an essential oils gift from Dr. Josh, here is the link to find out more about how to use your product!! Enjoy and have an awesome day!!


Are you ready to hit the beach? Hyundai's Blue Link technology will get you out into the sun, worry-free. Check out Hyundai's latest video below to see how Blue Link features, like climate control, will get you back into your summer groove in no time.
With Blue Link's climate control feature, sticky and hot car seats will be a thing of the past. If you're ready to experience the latest technological advancements from Hyundai, come visit us at Todd Archer Hyundai of Bellevue, NE. Our large inventory of new vehicles is fully equipped with all of the necessary features take your summer adventures to the next level. The all-new Santa Fe Sport, for example, is home to hands-free Smart Liftgate with Auto Open, an advanced audio system, dual automatic temperature control, and, most importantly -- Blue Link! Start the season off right and visit us to take a test drive today.


text:
Q: How can i add the gender column? I have this dataset with 5 columns and lots of rows. I've been asked to get the total number of male and females. They are string and can't figure it out. I have to use numpy too.
Please help.
Thanks
ls = gender.values.tolist()
ls
top = []
for i in ls:
    if i == 'M':
        top.append(i)
        print(i)

I need to sum of the male and female in the above dataset.

A: You can use value_counts from pandas to see total number of occurrences of a categorical column.
In your case, it can be
df['gender'].value_counts()

IT will return the count of male and female.


We present the full cycle review carried out for closed and simulating operations of active spacecraft from rendez-vous to docking or capturing of a passive object, including simulating stands created by world space companies. The rendez-vous of spacecraft becomes one of the most used and at the same time the most complex and responsible operations in space. The systems being developed today are aimed at accomplishing the rendez-vous tasks of non-cooperative rotating objects. They should provide collision avoidance and possible further trouble-free mooring (capture, docking). The rendez-vous control system is becoming one of the most responsible, complex, and expensive spacecraft systems. The increasing complexity and responsibility of rendez-vous systems make new demands on their ground-based experimental development and testing. The characteristics of the JSC "RPC KURS" and PrJSC "ELMІZ" operating stand obtained in electrical and mechanical tests of the mutual measurement system equipment are given.
A comprehensive stand for testing mutual measurement systems is not only a tool for research and development of new ones but also serves the mass production of these highly complex systems. The hardware staffing of the stand allows the development of radio and optical sensors of the mutual measurement system for the rendez-vous of two cooperative objects and for the rendez-vous of two non-cooperative objects. Composition, configuration and operating algorithms of the simulation stand for testing systems which use different sensors for mutual measurements of position and parameters of active spacecraft motion performing rendez-vous maneuvers and passive object have been considered. The scheme of the stand for tests of the optical measurement system is given.


This entry was posted on Wednesday, April 18th, 2018 at 8:07 am and is filed under Announcements, This Sunday, worship.	You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS 2.0 feed. You can leave a response, or trackback from your own site.


text:
The Silent Sea Trailer: Check Out The Dark Side Of The Moon In The New Netflix Thriller
By Anya Stanley/Dec. 10, 2021 1:51 pm EST
The highly-anticipated sci-fi thriller series "The Silent Sea" finally has a trailer ready for the brave and the bold. "The Silent Sea" is the latest hyped Netflix series, which sees Gong Yoo and Bae Doona playing characters who are struggling to survive in an abandoned lunar base – and where they're going, they don't need eyes to see. Netflix has been killing it in the viewership game, according to its own shady statistics. Questionable numbers aside, the success of Korean dramas on the streaming giant in the past few years is inarguable: "Squid Game" broke records (again, according to Netflix, so ... grain of salt), but there was also the period zombie series "Kingdom," and "Train to Busan" director Yeon Sang-ho's "Hellbound" series made waves, too. Now, Netflix has us going to the moon to check out a shady signal – and as sci-fi horror fans know, checking out a signal from a crew that hasn't been heard from in a hot minute usually pans out poorly for all involved.
"The Silent Sea" hails from Korean director Choi Hang-yong, adapted from his own 2014 short, "The Sea of Tranquility" by Park Eun-kyo, a writer best known as the screenwriter of Bong Joon-ho's 2010 film "Mother." The series is produced by "Steel Rain" actor Jung Woo-sung, along with Artist Company.
The Silent Sea Trailer
The series is focused on a cadre of scientists and military escorts sometime in the future, when Earth is too dry to live on. "The world's water will be reduced by 40% in the next ten years," a voice in the trailer says. Most of humanity is relegated to colonized moons for survival. One such moon is special, though: Balhae Station holds secrets that are so closely-guarded secrets that those in charge send a team to check out the situation when the station goes radio silent. While the secret itself obviously isn't revealed in the trailer, we know that a microbiologist is needed for the gig. Might we see something akin to the sublime flora and fauna night-terrors of Alex Garland's 2018 "Annihilation" adaptation? Or are we looking at more of a cosmic, tentacled "Underwater" situation? Only time will tell.
In the meantime, "Squid Game" fans can rejoice at the familiar faces to come in this eight-episode series. Stars Gong Yoo (the father that made you cry in "Train to Busan") and "Squid Game" costar Heo Sung-tae are enough to pique curiosity for the series (Heo Sung-tae plays Chief of Resource Group of Aviation Administration Kim Jae-sun). Bae Doona, she of Bong Joon-ho's "The Host" and the aforementioned "Kingdom" series, is the cherry on top for genre fans. There's no Pink Floyd to be heard in the trailer, but best believe that this "Great Gig in the Sky" will lead to some "Us and Them" conflict on the Dark Side of the Moon, and as the crew goes "On the Run," we're definitely tuning in.
Here's the official synopsis for "The Silent Sea":
"The Silent Sea" hits Netflix on December 24, 2021.


Post a public photo on Instagram using the hashtag #infaPOTM!
We'll select our favourite community car seat photo from the previous month to share on Facebook & Instagram, and they'll take home a special prize!
We'll only be highlighting photos that show correct and proper installation and fitment, so if you're unsure about either, get in touch with us!


text:
Q: Which one has the least amount of latency: powerline or 802.11AC? I want to steam stream from my PC to a stream mini on my living room next to my TV. Right now the latency is low-ish but less than ideal at 6ms.
For reference I have the gaming PC wirelessly connected with an 802.11ac adapter with very good signal strength at 5Ghz.
I am wondering whether it would be more helpful to add a 5Ghz 802.11ac adapter to the stream mini or just buy a powerline adapter and connect it to ethernet.
Bandwidth is not too much of an issue, 10 Mbit/sec should be enough, but latency is key. Anyone has made any comparisons or have suggestions?

A: My experience with Powerline is that is has horrible latency:
50 packets transmitted, 49 received, 2% packet loss, time 49075ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 23.740/665.342/2039.040/449.964 ms, pipe 3

I am using cheap TP-LINK 100mbps devices. Producer claims 500mbps over powerline, but the devices have 100mpbs Ethernet interfaces.
EDIT: I was trying TP-LINK. I've bought now Fritz! 1200 with Gigabit ethernet, and the latency is still bad, except that it depends heavily on the traffic. Disclaimer: both times the devices were on separate phases, connected through a high-pass filter (phace coupler), and some 50m away.


Mrs. G's total hip replacement surgery went great. Dr. Walker did a fabulous job and may I say to the folks at Mother Francis Hospital thank you for all of your careful care.
She had her surgery Tuesday with rehab each day. I was her "coach" for the rehab. She was released from the hospital Friday at noon. The first thing she wanted was nachos and a cheese enchilada from Taco Bell. We drove through the drive thru and then came home.
Friday night was a rough night for her. She had her meds but was up every few hours. I didn't get much sleep and neither did she. In fact you will see a pic of me at the top taken this morning. Ha!!
I cancelled my meetings this week end to stay with her and hopefully she will still want me around after all of my "coaching" is completed. The Texas Home Health Care Director came by today to see Mrs. G and to fill out a zillion papers. They will start on Monday with their part of the rehab. She has to give herself shots to prevent infection and prevent potential blood clots.
Thank you to all of you who have expressed your love and prayers. She is doing as well as can be expected. I will keep you updated! GOTTA LOVE FAMILY!


text:
Home Publishers Marvel Marvel teases 4 in November — Will it be #600 or the...
Marvel teases 4 in November — Will it be #600 or the Human Torch?
Marvel just sent out another one of its mystery teaser campaigns, with the above graphic and the tag "Coming in November 2011."
Of late the FF has of course been renamed and renumbered FUTURE FOUNDATION, in the wake of Johnny Storm's death. However, there had been some speculation that Marvel wouldn't pass up the opportunity to publish FANTASTIC FOUR #600 in what would have been the original numbering. Since two issues are shipping in October, the timing is right.
Or it could be the return of Johnny, aka the Human Torch.
Whatever is happening, it looks like Farel Dalrymple and Leinil Francis Yu will be on board for whatever is coming. A recalled graphic had the name Doyle, since removed — which Doyle? Ming?
Previous articleWebcomic alert: Raised on Ritalin by Tyler Page
Next articleMany more endings for Laika
Matt M. 08/08/2011 11:44 am At 11:44 am
Why choose? Can't it be both?
Jason Green 08/08/2011 11:51 am At 11:51 am
*ahem* The name of the current book stands for "Future Foundation," not "Fantastic Force." The latter was a mid-90s FF spinoff that looks quite terrible, and that title was also revived a couple years back for a miniseries starring future FF characters from the Millar/Hitch run that performed quite horribly on the sales chart. *adjust nerd glasses*
Charles Skaggs 08/08/2011 12:22 pm At 12:22 pm
Yeah, releasing this image on the day of the 50th anniversary of the release of FANTASTIC FOUR (Vol.1) #1 certainly makes you think that Johnny Storm will be returning in FANTASTIC FOUR (Vol.?) #600.
I wonder if Spidey gets to keep his costume of unstable molecules…
abc 08/08/2011 12:45 pm At 12:45 pm
and upon his return johnny storm/the human torch will promptly join the avengers or some such craziness.
ralph mathieu 08/08/2011 2:41 pm At 2:41 pm
I've always said that Marvel isn't going to not have a title called Fantastic Four in their line up for more then a year.
James Van Hise 08/08/2011 4:24 pm At 4:24 pm
Gee, you mean a character who died could come back to life even after his death was promoted as a big "event"? Who wouldn't thought?
Anonymous 08/08/2011 5:08 pm At 5:08 pm
Marvel doesn't even do decent stories anymore. They spent years trying to convince readers that they always had Civil War planned out when it was obvious they just came up with an idea off the top of their head and made it a major event. I was going to read FF, then I saw SPider-man was in it. They ruined Spider-man also telling readers they had these big stories where everyone knew Peter was Spider-man and they lied about that too. it's another stupid Reboot. Then another one and another renumbering to 600 whatever that won't make any sense. Amazing Spider-man is the worst comic book now because that garbage. It's idiot boy who only cares about he undead aunt.
Atleast DC is putting effort into their reboot.
David T.G. Riches 08/08/2011 6:06 pm At 6:06 pm
You know technically Johnny Storm's body was never recovered. We didn't actually see Johnny Storm die. At no time were the issues labeled "The Death Of Johnny Storm" so there may not be any actual dead to be returning from much like those early issues of the FF where Dr Doom would return to show off his Escape Artist skills.
Travis 08/08/2011 8:56 pm At 8:56 pm
People who don't read a particular comic, and have no interest in doing so, are always the quickest to complain about a stunt like this. If the comic is good — and I'd argue this one is — who cares a bout a polybag, or a renumbering, or a simple image?
Jason Green 08/08/2011 10:32 pm At 10:32 pm
"Anonymous": "Amazing Spider-man is the worst comic book now"
Um, no it's not. It's actually one of Marvel's best titles, and has been since January when "Big Time" kicked off.
jimshelley 08/09/2011 6:17 am At 6:17 am
I think we can officially downgrade Marvel's AAA rating.
Brian Jacoby from Secret Headquarters Tallahassee, Florida 08/09/2011 10:21 am At 10:21 am
Should it be downgraded to FF, or is that an upgrade? :P
Hickman has been doing bold things with this title, and, in my store at least, it's selling at nearly double the numbers of the Millar/Hitch run.
Amazing Spider-man is just a kids book. I tried reading it and there's nothing of the classic Peter Parker in it. Older readers are still waiting for Marvel to acknowledge its blaten mishandling, but they want to put out generic stuff where nobody knows anything. How could Venom not know who Spider-man is? How could Norman Osborn not know? His whole character is based on being that villian. Everything just reminds us readers of what horrible stuff they put out. Then the book is about FF and The Avengers and the New Avengers.
You think with FF they'd try doing something different, not just another book to put that pale imitation of Spider-man in it. I think Marvel just abandoned all intention of telling decent stories and giving readers any sort of pay off years ago. It's just 'here's the idea. I quit'.
Jonathan & Jordan Kent discover their family legacy in the SUPERMAN...
SHUT IN THEATER: Weekend Reading 43
All ads should be either jpgs or animated gifs. Rates are available upon request. Email [email protected]kriotmedia.com for more info. Schedules also available.


text:
[ANIME] Kyoto Animation celebrates 50,000 twitter followers with a kawaii GIF
Kyoto Animation, also known to fans as KyoAni, is one of the most social media-savvy animation studios in Japan, and…
Kyoto Animation, also known to fans as KyoAni, is one of the most social media-savvy animation studios in Japan, and one of the most followed. The studio, which is responsible for such hits such as K-On!, Hyouka, the Chuunibyou Series, Free!, Clannad, and the Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, has recently reached 50,000 followers on twitter, and this is how they reacted:
京都アニメーション公式Twitterが5万フォロワーを突破しました!皆さま本当にありがとうございます!感謝の気持ちをアニメーションにこめてお届けします。これからもよろしくお願いします!https://t.co/l8U2uz5llNpic.twitter.com/g2yHQ2W7Bv
— 京都アニメーション (@kyoani) March 17, 2016
Now ain't that just kawaii? Using their signature moe art style, the GIF features a girl and her cute little friend, and was presented as a sketch animation.
According to the text, the staff thanked all their followers and the short animation is a symbol of their gratitude.
"The official Kyoto Animation Twitter account now has 50,000 followers! Thank you very much, everyone! We want to express our gratitude with this animation. Thank you for continuing to follow us!"
The animation may have been simple, but you can really feel the love, huh? I wonder what they would do when they reach 100,000 followers?
Categories: ANIME & MANGA Tags: Kyoto Animation


text:
Motorola Launches Moto Buds 600 ANC With Multipoint Support, More
Posted on January 6, 2023 by James Baldwin
Motorola Moto Buds 600 ANC, a new pair of truly wireless stereo (TWS) earbuds can now be purchased separately by customers, the company announced on Wednesday. These earphones were previously available as part of the Motorola Edge 30 Fusion package in the US. Even though Motorola is best known for its smartphones, the Lenovo-owned company has dabbled in sound technology and products such as earbuds, headphones, and wireless speakers. Motorola Sound already has a decent portfolio aimed at various price segments. The new TWS earphones are an upgrade from the company's previous model, and are claimed to provide better sound clarity and call quality, along with support for active noise cancellation.
Moto Buds 600 ANC price
According to the company, the Moto Buds 600 ANC is priced at $149.99 (roughly Rs 12,400) in the US. The TWS earbuds were previously available as part of the Motorola Edge 30 Fusion package. Customers will be able to select one of two colours: Winetasting and Jet Black. Motorola is yet to announce details of availability of the earbuds in India.
Moto Buds 600 ANC specifications, features
The earbuds are designed with a stem and slightly slanted pods on top. They are equipped with silicone ear tips to ensure that active noise cancellation works properly. The charging case has an oval shape with rounded edges. It resembles a box of face powder. A physical button can be found in the center of the vacant space on one side of the charging case. This button activates the pairing mode on the earbuds.
Motorola Moto Buds 600 ANC earbuds seen in the case
Photo Credit: Motorola
The company has equipped the Moto Buds 600 with ANC multipoint technology, allowing the earbuds to connect to two devices simultaneously. The earbuds support Google's Fast Pair technology, which allows them to appear immediately on a compatible Android device. The earbuds also support Google Assistant, which can be accessed by long-tapping them. It comes with a mono mode that lets the user use just one earbud while the other is charging in the case.
The Moto Buds 600 ANC has a battery life of 26 hours when used with the charging case. This is an improvement over the previous model. While the charging case includes a USB Type-C port for wired charging, the Moto Buds 600 ANC also supports wireless charging. The earbuds also have an IPX5 rating for water resistance, according to the Motorola.
Catch the latest from the Consumer Electronics Show on Gadgets 360, at our CES 2023 hub.
Amazon's Massive Job Cuts Hint at More Pain for Tech Sector in 2023 Amid Recession Fears
The Last Phone Standing 2022
Previous: Latest 'Last of Us' News: Craig Mazin reveals his tricks for side-stepping the video game curse as fans take issue with Pedro Pascal's Joel beard
Next: Marvel's latest triple-A game is already being sold at a huge discount


text:
Xena reignites a planet-sized debate
Space 6 February 2006
By Maggie Mckee
The heated debate over what constitutes a planet has reignited following last week's confirmation that the most distant planet-like object object ever seen in the solar system is larger than Pluto. But astronomers tasked with settling the issue say the argument could drag on for years.
The International Astronomical Union (IAU), responsible for resolving such issues, assembled a special working group to decide on the definition two years ago, when a large new body called Sedna was found in the outer solar system.
But since then, several other large worlds have been discovered, including 2003 UB313, unofficially dubbed Xena. This body became widely known as the "tenth planet" as it appeared to be larger than Pluto, which is about 2300 kilometres across. Now, new results from an independent team appear to confirm this, finding Xena is about 30% wider than Pluto.
However, astronomers are bitterly divided over what constitutes a planet. And when the IAU's working group was forced to issue its verdict in October 2005, it failed to find a definition all 19 members could agree on. So it simply reported on the relative popularity of three different proposals – each group member was allowed to vote for more than one proposal.
Keeping Pluto
A narrow majority of 11 members favoured deeming anything larger than 2000 kilometres a planet. Under this scheme, Pluto would remain a planet and it would be joined by several newly discovered worlds, including Xena. But some group members argued such a size cut-off was arbitrary, set only so Pluto could retain the title of ninth planet.
Another option attempted to come up with a scientific justification for a size cut-off. In this plan, planets would have to be massive enough for their gravity to hold them in a stable shape – a requirement that could be met by objects as small as 600 kilometres across.
"It complicates matters because we get some dozens of new planets, but on the other hand, there's some scientific justification" for the size cut-off, says group member Brian Marsden of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, US, who had the idea.
In this scheme, which eight group members voted for, all planets would be sorted into four sub-categories based on their location and composition, those being:
• Terrestrial planets, such as Earth and Mars
• Jovian planets – gas giants such as Jupiter
• Cisjovian planets – large asteroids such as Ceres
• Trans-Neptunian planets, such as Pluto
Another proposal argued that a planet is the dominant body in its immediate neighbourhood. This would demote Pluto, as it is one of several bodies of similar size in the Kuiper Belt – a ring of icy objects beyond Neptune. Six group members voted for this option, which would leave the solar system with eight official planets.
Division and discord
Because the group was so divided it simply issued a report on its discord, and not a resolution for the IAU's executive committee to put up for a wider vote. That vote would most likely occur at an IAU general assembly meeting, which occur every three years. The next will take place in Prague, Czech Republic, in August 2006.
That meeting could see a vote if the executive committee, a representative from an IAU member nation, or one of the IAU's divisions puts forward a resolution on the definition of a planet. "But I don't think that is likely given the difficulty the experts had in coming up with a consensus," says Robert Williams, one of 10 members of the IAU's executive committee and an astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland, US.
Williams adds that waiting may also have scientific merit because astronomers have been focusing on defining planets in our solar system, while little is known about the formation and evolution of the 170 or so known planets around other stars.
"We're trying to define things we don't fully understand," he says. "It may be a bit frustrating that we're not quite at the point where we can agree on what a planet is. But the more important thing is a fundamental understanding of what's going on – I would put that as a higher priority than the naming convention we adopt."


text:
'use strict';
var path = require('path');
var helpers = require('yeoman-generator').test;
var assert = require('yeoman-assert');

describe('generator', function () {
	beforeEach(function (cb) {
		var deps = ['../app'];

		helpers.testDirectory(path.join(__dirname, 'temp'), function (err) {
			if (err) {
				cb(err);
				return;
			}

			this.generator = helpers.createGenerator('nm:app', deps, null, {skipInstall: true});
			cb();
		}.bind(this));
	});

	it('generates expected files', function (cb) {
		var expected = [
			'.editorconfig',
			'.gitattributes',
			'.gitignore',
			'.travis.yml',
			'index.js',
			'license',
			'package.json',
			'readme.md',
			'test/test.js'
		];

		helpers.mockPrompt(this.generator, {
			moduleName: 'test',
			githubUsername: 'test',
			website: 'test.com',
			cli: false,
			node8: false
		});

		this.generator.run(function () {
			assert.file(expected);
			assert.noFileContent('.travis.yml', '0.8');
			assert.noFile('cli.js');
			cb();
		});
	});

	it('CLI option', function (cb) {
		helpers.mockPrompt(this.generator, {
			moduleName: 'test',
			githubUsername: 'test',
			website: 'test.com',
			cli: true,
			node8: true
		});

		this.generator.run(function () {
			assert.file('cli.js');
			assert.fileContent('package.json', /"bin":/);
			assert.fileContent('package.json', /"bin": "cli.js"/);
			assert.fileContent('package.json', /"meow"/);
			assert.fileContent('.travis.yml', '0.8');
			cb();
		});
	});
});

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub