Marine News contributor Robert Kunkel asks: Are we ready to support the farms?
On August 19, 2016, we watched as the fifth tower and associated nacelle was raised on the Deepwater Offshore Wind Farm approximately 3 miles offshore of Block Island, Rhode Island. This is the first Offshore Wind farm erected in the United States and, without a doubt, a huge step forward for this controversial project and alternative energy supply.
The Block Island Wind Farm has a total generating capacity of 30 megawatts and is projected to produce approximately 125,000 megawatt hours annually. Put another way, the project boasts enough power to support approximately 17,000 homes in this small island community. Beyond this, it is projected that as much as 90 percent of the generated power will be returned to the mainland grid.
Commonplace off the coast of Europe, the installation is nevertheless impressive and is worth describing to North American readers who, until now, could only imagine what this sort of thing might entail. Five General Electric Haliade-150 six-megawatt offshore wind turbines are installed on turbine towers reaching 600 feet tall when the rotating blade is vertical. The blade length is 240 feet with a tip speed of 200 miles per hour when rotating. A rotor speed of 11.5 revolutions per minute is reached during operation in a minimum wind speed of 6.5 miles per hour. At 56 miles per hour, the nacelles are programmed to rotate away from the wind with blades feathered.
Each tower consists of three sections standing on a 1,500-ton foundation in 70 to 90 feet of water. A single cable, buried four to six feet deep in the seabed, interconnects the five towers. The transmission cable continues to the island substation ashore with a second transmission cable continuing to the Rhode Island mainland thirty miles away.
This power generation is proven technology and deployed around the globe at both land-based applications in the United States and Offshore in Europe and Asia. At each location, the attempt to harness patterned steady winds and transform them into clean, cost-effective electricity has been the target. This particular build is a test application reaching completion after seven years of planning. The projected cost of the electricity generated for the island is far from competitive at this point in its development and the farm still faces a mixed opinion of support.
Despite early promises that the farm would be located far offshore its current resting place is clearly visible from the shores of Block Island and from Point Judith on the mainland. Recent complaints stem from the United States Coast Guard and Federal Aviation Administration navigation requirements lighting the wind farm at night. A series of flashing and blinking lights are now permanent fixtures in what was once a serene, coastal environment. Hence, onshore or offshore, oil or clean energy, the NIMBY or "not in my backyard" is still an issue.
The offshore lease has now been extended to 18 towers and turbines. And extension of the test project (now labeled Deepwater One) has the ability to grow to two hundred turbines in the near future. The power generation is projected to serve parts of New England and Long Island, New York reaching in excess of 1,000 megawatts.
The offshore wind industry in the United States can create American jobs in the maritime industry. In this case, however, the Deepwater Wind towers were installed by the Fred Olsen Windcarrier's wind farm installation vessel Brave Tern that arrived in Rhode Island in late July. The 433-foot long jack-up vessel traveled to Rhode Island from Europe, with the five GE Renewable Energy nacelles for the Block Island Wind Farm aboard. This is one of the world's advanced installation vessels, with cranes capable of lifting 800 tons, and a self-propelled jack-up system allowing the ship to reach a height of roughly 480 during installation. That's not to say there wasn't U.S. involvement. There was.
Assisting with the installation, the liftboats Paul and Caitlyn, heavy-lift vessels from the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (operated by Montco Offshore) were capable of meeting U.S flag Jones Act requirements to shuttle turbine components from the Port of Providence to the Block Island construction site.
Separately, Atlantic Wind Transfers supports essential ongoing operations and maintenance activity, helping to guarantee the performance of the 5-turbine wind farm over the long term. For the lifetime of the Block Island project, Atlantic Wind Transfers will provide crew and equipment transfer services to meet these key logistical requirements. The 'Atlantic Pioneer', owned and operated by Atlantic Wind Transfers, the commercial wind support services arm of Rhode Island Fast Ferry, will embark on the first phase of a 20-year charter to support the construction and operation of the Block Island offshore wind farm.
The Atlantic Pioneer was built by Blount Boats in Rhode Island and is a 21 meter aluminum vessel that was designed by South Boats IOW, Cowes, Isle of Wight, U.K. South Boats IoW is a pioneer in designing and manufacturing crew transfer vessels and has built approximately 81 crew transfer vessels for the European offshore wind sector, servicing wind farms throughout Europe. It is the first of its kind to be built in the United States.
The Vessel is able to safely deliver 16 technicians in comfort, along with three crew and 12 tons of equipment directly to the base of a turbine or offshore platform. With a fuel capacity of 2100 US gallons, the Atlantic Pioneer has the capacity to operate for several days at a time between refueling, and can reach a maximum speed of 30 knots.
Real Potential: Will Domestic Stakeholders Respond?
Are we prepared to shift our energy concentration with its offshore support fleet and workboat labor force from the U.S Gulf to coastal New England?
Does current support vessel design meet the requirements of maintaining an offshore wind farm?
If so, how many vessels and trained individuals are required to provide that support?
The Cape Wind offshore farm positioned off the coasts of Cape Cod, doomed by political pressure, was faced with EPA emission restrictions addressing the idling of crew and maintenance boats working the wind farm installation. The support requirement is slightly different than the delivery of stores, supplies and labor to offshore oil platforms in the U.S. Gulf. The towers are unmanned with the delivery of technicians to each tower requiring docking systems or boarding platforms not readily available in current U.S. workboat designs. The fact that labor must be efficiently delivered and retrieved each day leads to a discussion of both boat speed and the reduction of emissions using hybrid or LNG propulsion technology while the boats drift in waiting.
The Deepwater ONE lease site is 256 square miles and the NIMBY problem continues to force the construction further offshore where Deepwater reports they will be "barely visible from shore." The size of the lease, its position offshore and the necessity to navigate between towers creates new design requirements. As a workboat industry, are we prepared to make that commitment, provide those designs to support alternative energy and create port infrastructures in a coastal area that has been developed for large tanker and containership terminal operation? Make no mistake: the northern section of the U.S. East Coast through the mid-Atlantic coastal areas are prime wind locations. The first lease area is capable of creating of more than 1 Gigawatt of clean energy with the introduction of the first 200 turbines.
The U.S. Gulf offshore industry continues to suffer from the current (low) price of crude oil. At the same time, the unanswered question remains: can clean wind energy rebuild our workforce and revitalize our shipyards? The Block Island wind farm is projected to begin generating electricity in the second quarter of 2017. Are we ready and we will be able to support the shift, should it occur, from South to North when the wind blows?
Robert Kunkel, President of Alternative Marine Technologies, previously served as the Federal Chairman of the Short Sea Shipping Cooperative Program under the Maritime Administration and the USDOT from 2003 until 2008. A past Vice President of the Connecticut Maritime Association, he is a contributing writer for MarineNews. A graduate of the Massachusetts Maritime Academy, Kunkel sailed as a licensed engineer and continued his career in ship construction at NASSCO and Hyundai Heavy Industries, among others. He is a senior member of the Special Committee on Ship Operation with ABS and an elected member of the NCB.


A system for chronically measuring a physiologic parameter by an implantable device which has several forms is described. At its core a fixture for holding on to a blood vessel and forcing a sensor against a surface of the vessel is taught. Numerous adaptations and uses with various sensors are described.
This invention relates to the field of implantable monitoring devices and is partially suitable for long term monitoring of physiologic parameters including most particularly blood pressure from small arteries.
Currently no device is available to automatically, continuously and chronically monitor blood pressure extravascularly. Sphygmomanometers are used to externally monitor blood pressure through the use of an external cuff. In common hospital parlance, stations having what are called inaccurately `dynamap` systems (probably this misnomer is derived from the Johnson & Johnson "DINAMAP" (R) patient monitor systems, which use various blood pressure cuffs) automate these measures for discrete data point analysis. In either system type, the inflatable cuff or other pressure monitoring apparatae are bulky, impede blood flow and require operating personnel to make measurements. As a result these external systems are limited in usefulness to less than 24 hours in common usage. Numerous intravascular and paracorporeal automated pressure sensors have been developed to automate blood pressure monitoring of critically ill patients in hospital settings and for surgical patients. Typically these are composed of a moveable or dispensable membrane surface that by its associations with an electrical sensor produces a signal indicative of the pressure on the membrane. Not only is the usefulness of such devices limited to acute situations where access to the insides of a blood vessel is available, but the mechanical configurations are complex. Accordingly such devices are only able to provide blood pressure readings for a very limited period of time, and in circumstances of intense patient care, like in a hospital setting.
Using currently available internal to the circulatory system systems, at present time there is no good method for chronically measuring blood pressure on the left side of the circulatory system without actually placing a device in contact with the blood. This of course presents a site for thrombogenesis and the possibility of subsequent stroke. If no sensor is placed directly in contact with the blood the challenge is then sensing blood pressure through an arterial wall without introducing errors due to the structure of the arteries supporting all or part of the pressure load.
Further, there is no good present method for continuously sensing over a long period of weeks or months, even including devices which activate a mechanical occluder or cuff so as to provide data beyond mere systolic and diastolic values.
Perhaps the most advanced pressure sensor at the present time is described in some detail in U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,434, incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety. However, this blood pressure sensor is designed for dwelling in the heart of the patient on the heart's right side. Thus any thrombogensis created by the artificial material presence in the blood stream would have limited capacity to damage the patient that is, could not cause a stroke because any thromboses thrown by the device would end up in the patients lung. Thus this patent highlights the difficulty in achieving left side blood pressure measurements.
Other prior systems for attempting to meet some of the requirements described just above include U.S. Pat. No. 4,256,094 issued to Kapp et al, and incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety. This Kapp teaching requires a fairly complex mechanical system including a liquid pump and reservoir and programmable controller for cuffing or occluding the blood flow in the artery, difficulties which are obviated completely by the present invention.
External devices include those described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,926,179, and three which describe a watch mounted external device, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,802,488; 4,799,49, and 4,269,193 all four hereby incorporated herein by this reference in its entirety. Accordingly, there is a need for a device to enable the continuous chronic monitoring of patient blood pressure automatically and at low cost. To provide such a device without the requirement for vascular access and which could safely monitor the left side of the vascular system as well as the venous system would be of no small additional benefit. It is also an advantage to be able to provide additional devices for deploying sensors chronically to other vessels in the body for sensing other physiologic conditions(e.g. phlebitis).
Such devices as are described herein can be applied to monitoring patients with hypertension without cumbersome discrete point analysis over long terms with many hospital or clinic visits. Dosage accuracy can be enhanced with continuous long term monitoring of blood pressure for administration of hypertensive medications. It is also helpful for interventions to many disease processes such as diabetes, renal and neurologic disease, internal medicine and transplant patients, and any condition where surveillance of patient compliance could be helpful. Not only can continuous systolic, diastolic and pulse pressure monitoring be done with a minimally invasive implant, but additional or just different physiologic signals can be monitored, leaving wide open the scope of application of devices based on this invention.
Thus, the applicability of this invention is not limited to sensing blood pressure however. It should be recognized right from the start that the invention described herein can be used to obviate the use of many sensors which otherwise would require implantation into an active artery or vein system.
For example in U.S. Pat. No. 5,409 (also incorporated in its entirety by this reference) the blood flow is measured using permanently implantable lead within a vein adjacent to an artery. However, using our inventive fixture, flow, temperature, pressure, pulse rate, an even blood oximetry, as well as any other measurement that needs to be taken by a sensor next to the blood flowing through a artery or a vein can be accomplished using a device based on the inventive concepts described herein.
By providing accurate, continuous monitoring of patient blood pressure and other physiologic measures, a profile of patient status during activities of daily living and over prolonged intervals can accurately depict the patient's true hemodynamic health status over months of use. Such automatic monitoring circumvents patient compliance and operator compliance issues which are problematic in the use of external devices. Particularly, the fixture with sensors concepts described herein can be applied to peripheral, internal and neurologic blood and other fluid pressures, flow and so forth. Carotid arterial blood pressure, pulmonary venous blood pressure and cerebral ventricular pressure associated with hydrocephalous are just three examples. The device could be used to monitor the formation of transudate and exhudate fluids, such as in conditions of subcutaneous edema. The device can of course be useful as a research tool, and may find many uses in veterinary medicine and monitoring.
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 2 is a perspective of another preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3 is a cut away view of FIG.2.
FIG. 4 is a cut away view of the upper portion of the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2 taken at line 4--4 of FIG.2.
FIG. 5 is a frontal view of the embodiment described with respect to FIG. 2.
FIG. 6 is a top view of the device of FIG. 2.
FIG. 7 is a sectional view taken at line AA of FIG. 5.
FIG. 8 is a sectional of FIG. 6 taken at line BB.
FIG. 9 is a side view of one embodiment of the sensor fixture in accord with the invention.
FIG. 10. is a back view of the fixture of FIG. 4.
FIG. 11a is a side view of another embodiment of the invention surrounding an arteriole artery or other blood vessel which is pinched off to fit into an inventive fixture in accord with a preferred embodiment.
FIG. 11b is another side view of the fixture and blood vessel of FIG. 11 with the normal flow restored.
FIG. 12 is an illustration of am implantable medical device for monitoring data produced by the inventive fixture connected to it by a lead.
FIG. 13 is a view facing an inner sensor laden surface of the tunnel or passageway space for containing a living body's blood vessel as it may be constructed in accord with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 14 illustrates a sensor array having an emitting element, a receiving element and their position within the inventive fixture relative to a blood vessel.
FIGS. 15a-e are illustrations of arterial blood vessel locations suitable fore use with one preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 16A is a perspective view of a preferred embodiment fixture configuration and connection to a lead.
FIG. 16B is a side view of the top portion of the device illustrated in FIG. 16A.
FIG. 16C is a facing view of the top portion of the device of FIG. 16A.
FIG. 17 is a side view of a preferred embodiment similar to that of FIG. 16A.
FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view of a cable or lead in accord with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 19 is a cross sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the inventive fixture.
FIG. 20 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 20A-E are cross sectional slices of the interior surface of the internal space, tunnel, or passageway for containing blood vessels in accord with a preferred embodiment of the invention. each is taken from section lines A-E as illustrated on FIG. 20.
FIG. 21 is a perspective view of another preferred embodiment.
FIGS. 22 and 23 are partially sectioned perspective views of two preferred embodiments.
FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the invention, illustrating one manner of connecting two components in accord with the inventive concepts described herein.
FIG. 25 is an assembled structure of the exploded view of FIG. 24.
FIG. 26 is a side view of one form of the upper part of the fixture in accord with a preferred embodiment.
FIGS. 27A, 27B and 27C are a facing view, and two sectional views of the device of FIG. 26.
A number of general and specific objectives are set forth for what this invention can provide, and also a number of general and specific features. All of these features and objectives can be met individually or in combination by the description which follows.
In one preferred embodiment the sensor system consists of a side-sensing chronically-implantable absolute pressure sensor incorporated into the inventive structure. This sensor may be similar or identical to the one described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,434. To avoid unneeded prolixity, the just above mentioned and all subsequently mentioned patents are incorporated herein in their entireties by this reference sentence, and this sentence is operative to so incorporate all such mentioned patents at each such mention without the need of repeated recitation of this statement or its equivalent at the location of such mention.
The pressure sensor is packaged inside or in close and operative association with a clamp type structure which we often refer to as a fixture which holds an artery against the sensor diaphragm or against the pressure transferring medium (such as silicone or medical grade adhesive) capable of accurately transferring or transporting pressure from the artery side wall to the sensor diaphragm. The shape of the artery channel through the fixture's clamp-like structure is such that it slightly deforms the artery to provide a flattening of the artery (in cross section) in the region where it passes over the sensor diaphragm or the silicone adhesive between the sensor diaphragm and the artery. This flattening of the artery causes pressure interior to the artery to be supported by the sensor structure rather than the artery wall structure. This causes the arterial pressure to be passed through the artery wall to be detected by the pressure sensor.
This effect can be enhanced by varying the shape of the tunnel or channel through which the vessel is placed as described in some detail below.
Calibration can be effected if required once the device is in place which may account for variations in wall thickness or other features of the vessels or for other reasons known in the pressure sensor art. Another feature of the clamp structure is on the opposite side (in this preferred embodiment) from the pressure diaphragm. What can be described as a slit is provided along the length of the clamp structure, this slit being substantially narrower than the diameter of the artery. The artery is inserted into the clamp by squeezing the artery (or clamping it off upstream) and passing it's collapsed form through the slit and than releasing the artery and allowing it to spring out to conform to the shape of the insides of the clamp's channel. The pressure inside the artery will tend to keep the artery confined within the clamp channel without the need of any additional fastening hardware, thus reducing the likelihood of complications.
The artery can further be secured within the fixture (which we sometimes call an artery cuff) by forming the access slit in a serpentine shape, that is having a curved cut through which the filled vessel cannot easily slip out, once it has become secured within the fixture.
Thus, this invention allows for the measuring for pressure within a artery or other vessel (like a vein) through a vessel wall by causing a flattening of the vessel at the point of sensing. It teaches the method of inserting and retaining a vessel within the clamp's structure to hold the vessel against the pressure sensor. It provides a second pressure sensor on the backside of the arterial pressure sensor this second sensor not being in contact of the vessel which can be used to measure ambient pressure for calculation of "gage" pressure. This invention provides for chronic measurement for arterial pressure through the arterial wall without needing to contact the inside of the blood vessel.
In other preferred embodiments, other sensors for sensing other physiologic parameters could either supplement the pressure sensor or replace it as described elsewhere in more detail. For examples, temperature could be sensed and used for various purposes such as was described for rate control in pacing in U.S. Pat. No. 5,005,574 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,803,987 (incorporated herein by this reference), or temperature could be used as just another physiologic sense to monitor for therapeutic, research, drug titration and other medical purposes. Other sensors could provide additional data for similar medical uses like optical sensors for oximetry or pulse oximetry and even partial pressure of oxygen can be measured and stored or used for various purposes. An example of a sensor that could be used for this is described in a patent incorporated herein by reference; U.S. Pat. No. 5,596,986 (Blood Oximeter). Other sensors could be substituted or used in conjunction with the pressure sensor to provide other physiologic data for use in monitoring and treating patients. Merely supplying electrode surfaces in the fixture would provide the structure to make impedance measurements could be used for local flow characteristics, or piezocrystals and similar transducers for ultrasound generation could also or alternatively measure flow or viscosity of the fluid in the vessel held in the fixture in accord with this invention.
Many improvements in monitoring a patient's health can come about through the use of the inventive fixture described herein. Methods of construction and use are also described. Meeting any one of these described goals or objectives or any combination or all of them is the purpose of this invention.
Referring first to FIG. 1, a device 10 illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention. The device 10 is constructed of an outer shell 11 continuous with the inner surface 15. It is essentially a tubular shape having a slit 14 therein extending along the length. The length is indicated by arrows 13 and the slit opening has two opposing surfaces 16 and 17 which are narrow relative to a deeper passage P which forms the main portion of the tunnel through the device 10 beneath the slit 14. In most preferred embodiments the sensors will be housed within the area between the passage P and the outer surface 11 indicated here by arrows 12. The surface 15 will be modified to accept the active end of any sensors employed, for operational effectiveness. Alternatively other areas of the surface of the tunnel passage P's walls may be used.
The device may be built of metal or plastic which is tolerated for long term implantation into a living body. Implantable medical devices are commonly constructed of titanium currently; and ceramic, plastic, and silicone are among other commonly used materials for implanted medical devices. Any biocompatitable material maybe used. Our first embodiments tested were constructed of titanium.
FIG. 2 illustrates another preferred embodiment of the invention. The device 20 has a passage there through, extending from the sides with openings 21 to area 28 in which the pressure sensor may be inserted and is preferably located. The pressure sensor is not visible from this view. The device 20 has a slit 22 with two opposing surfaces 23 and 24. These are rounded into the external shape of the device 20 and continuous with the external surface 25 and 26 as well as with the substantially flat internal surface 27.
Referring now to FIG.3, the internal details of the device can be better seen. The active diaphragm surface 1 is in this embodiment the functional equivalent or similar to the diaphragm 54 of the U.S. Pat. No. 5,564,434 patent referred to above. Any deflection of this diaphragm 1 will register a change in pressure by the pressure sensor. As with any sensor, this will produce a signal that has a value which can be stored, telemetered out, or used directly to affect the operation of an implantable medical device. The same is true with all the sensors in all the embodiments.
The aperture defined by wall 28 extends up to the surface 27a of device 20a. This aperture will be filled in by medical adhesive in the preferred embodiment to transmit pressure directly from the blood vessel, (an arteriole in the preferred embodiment). The blood vessel will be captured within the clamping structure 20a lying along surface 27a.
It is acceptable to build the inventive device such that the diaphragm (in the case of the pressure sensor, or other active surface of any other sensor) forms a surface area coextensive with surface 27a for direct contact with the vessel especially for embodiments using sensors requiring closer contact to the vessel such construction is advisable.
The construction of the FIG. 3 device may be illustrated more simply with reference to the cross section in FIG. 4 in which the sensor structure 41 is shown attached to the medical adhesive or pressure transfer medium Ps, through which the arterial pressure Pa, will be transmitted through the flattened arterial wall lying against the pressure transmission medium. Thus, the arms 42 and 43 provide the clamping structure that holds the artery in place for the sensor measurement to be made. In the alternative, embodiments employing for example oxygen sensors based on light transmittance, reflectance or absorption, these arms 42 may be covered with light reflective surfaces, or alternatively may also contain sensors instead of or in addition to the surface 27a. Note that in some embodiments the artery or other vessel wall 44 may bulge into the gap between arms 42 and 43.
The absolute size of the implanted sensor device can be adjusted to any specification so as to fit around the particular arterial, artery, vein, venuole, or other vessel through the wall of which one desires to make physiological measurements. In FIGS. 5-10, numerals indicate the size in centimeters of a preferred embodiment fixture similar to that shown in cross section in FIG. 3.
In FIG. 9, The inventive fixture 90 is shown in side view. The line 95 indicates the location of the flat surface and the line 96 indicates the location of the base of the slit or opposite to the flat surface. Taken together they define one diameter of the tunnel passageway that runs through the fixture and in which the vessel should rest when in use. A depression 91 is seen from this view. This depression is formed in the titanium block from which the fixture is formed in order to make the opening between the pressure sensor diaphragm on the surface coextensive with line 95. In FIG. 10, the outer edge of the generally flat, sensor bearing surface of the clamp's passageway can be seen at 107. The space 106 is the slit through the opposite side of said passageway. Openings 102 and 101 are the stop and entry ends for the pressure sensor which will be inserted into the fixture 100 to make the completed device.
FIG. 11a and 11b, illustrate the preferred method for having a body vessel (preferably a blood vessel) become surrounded and held by the clamp device, that is, the fixture, of this invention. In FIG. 11a, a clamp 92 can be used to prevent the continuing flow of blood through a vessel 91 thereby producing a collapsed vessel 93. This collapsed vessel can easily be slid through the slit at the top of device 90 so that it rests within the passageway as shown. Once the clamp 92 is removed (see FIG. 11b). The blood can flow through the vessel 91b thus clamping the vessel into the passageway in the clamp part 94 of device 90b. Additional physical features may be connected to the clamp device such as wings 95 or suture holes (not shown) which could be sewed onto tissue within the body to further stabilize the device, although when used with arterial vessels we have found no need for such further stabilization.
If desired, a clip, preferably of a deformable springy material like spring steel or other metal or plastic, may be fit over the top of the slit to help ensure that the vessel cannot escape the clamp. Such a clip is illustrated on FIG. 1 as clip 4, having flat stabilizing ends to keep it from rotating around the fixture 10, and the fixture 10 should have bumps or ridges 5 and 6 to keep the clip from sliding, or some other detent and ridge or other mechanical arrangement could be used to ensure the clip 4 does not slide once in place.
Refer now to FIG. 12, an implantable medical device 81 is illustrated having a body 87 containing a power source and appropriate electronics for powering and reading out data from the sensors in the device 85. It may also contain communications circuits for receiving signals from the inventive fixture and sensor device and/or from other devices in a living body, and for communication with devices external to the body as well. It may likewise contain the operative features and structures to be a drug pump, a cardiac pacemaker, a cardiodefibrillator, a nerve stimulator or just an implantable monitor, or any combination of these.
Device 85 is connected to the inventive structure by a lead 83 in the preferred embodiment. This lead may be similar in construction to leads currently used in pacemakers and cardio defibrillators and the like in that they contain a conductor for bringing electric power to and from the sensor device in the clamp 85. Here a vessel 84 is illustrated running through the clamp device 85 The device may contain its own power supply circuitry, communications circuitry and so forth as desired. Presently it is most preferred that only the sensor(s) and some electronics associated with processing the transducer signals for such sensor(s) be contained in a sensor capsule of the inventive device.
In FIG. 13, the lower surface of the passage 100 is shown lo separated from the device. The direction of blood flow is indicted by the arrows. In this setup two sensor areas 101 and 102 are provided to allow for differential readings upstream and down stream. In one preferred embodiment, a heater (preferably a resistive heater) would be included at area 101 or 101a or both, and a measurement of the temperature of the blood can then be taken at location 101 and 102 or at least at 102 and a determination made from these measurements relating to the viscosity of the blood itself or the speed of passage through the distance through the passage way between 101 or 101a and 102. This can be done using principles defined in U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,107 to Bonne et al hereby incorporated in its entirety by this reference hereto, which describes the use of specific heat and thermal conductivity to determine characteristics of a gas flowing past a sensor array.
Alternatively, Doppler sensors or ultrasound transducers may be used as were used in U.S. Pat. No. 5,409,009 patent cited above and incorporated herein by reference for determining flow or other physiologic parameters, using this or similar sensor array patterns or even located at a single point as is the pressure transducer of the first disclosed embodiment. An example is found in U.S. Pat. No. 4,227,407 (incorporated herein in its entirety by this reference) detailing how the transducers should be located relative to the conduit, here the contained blood vessel, to generate an electric signal proportional to fluid flow.
In FIG. 14, the internal passageway 110 of an inventive clamp device, may have an infra red sending and receiving array 111 and 112 mounted into the wall thereof so that the light L can penetrate the vascular wall VW and provide measurements for indications for the percentage of oxygen's satiation of the blood passing through the passageway 110.
Alternatively, these sensor locations can be adjusted to be on opposite sides of the fixture and the vessel, for example at points 113 and 114. Further, such configurations can be useful for impedance sensing to measure flow rate, viscosity and the like or for employing Doppler transducers for similar measurements. An example of placement of impedance electrodes relative to a flow duct (in this reference the Aorta), is found in U.S. Pat. No. 5,782,774, also incorporated by reference. Clearly to measure cardiac output over a period of days or months or even years by incorporating the electrode configuration around a less vital blood vessel downstream from the Aorta would provide significant benefit to medical science, and to the management of the health of a patient using our device.
Electromagnetic measurements can be made with electrode placement as indicated in U.S. Pat. No. 4,346,604 also, if desired, and the magnetic positioning can be adjusted to be a part of the fixture device itself.
Of course it must be recognized that a feedback loop can be created using the measurements taken by sensors in the clamp device to deliver therapy to a living body into which the clamp device has been implanted Thus, a fast acting blood pressure medication maybe monitored on a moment by moment basis throughout a patients daily activities by the use of such a clamp device associated with measurement circuitry and possibly processing circuitry and memory circuits implanted therewith. Data from the fixture device sensors can be used to modify programs for generating electrical pulses to stimulate nerves and to adjust pacing rate by coordination with an implantable pulse generator that has leads directing electrical energy to the appropriate bodily tissue.
This kind of closed loop feedback mechanism has long been established a potential use for implanted medical devices. In one example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,199,428, Obel et al., incorporated by this reference, showed that a measure of ischemia could drive a cardiac pacemaker therapy and a vagal stimulator. Any of the physiologic signals measured by this device could provide the kind of input a closed loop control system would need for adjusting therapy, whether drug based via a drug pump, or stimulator based as in the rate delivered by a pacemaker or the frequency etc., delivered by a neurostimulator. Likewise, the signal data could be easily stored into historical memory in a device like that of 87 in FIG. 12, which has appropriate processing power and memory. Such a device can clearly have a telemetry circuit 88 which could transmit signals to an external device 89 which could communicate the signals to a hospital over phone lines or through wireless telemetry so that the doctor can manage his patients, be aware of changing conditions and even be alarmed about changes in patient condition without ever scheduling a visit. Examples of useful monitors include U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,807,336, 5,791,344, and 5,411,031.
It may be preferred to implant the invention's fixture into locations illustrated in FIGS. 15a-e. FIG. 15a illustrates an arm having three highlighted locations for preferable mounting of the inventive blood pressure fixture in accord with this invention. The Axilary Artery provides another apt location in FIG. 15b the Inguinal, and Femoral arteries as well as the posterior Tibial artery in FIGS. 15c and d, respectively provide additional useful locations as do the Radial Ulnar and Superficial Palmar arteries shown in FIG. 15e. Each of these locations provides particularly useful information and a combination of locations can be used so as to provide for a systemic or overall reading or to indicate that there is an imbalance in a given area or across the system.
Long term monitoring of any such arrangement of sensors or sensor structures can provide detailed measurement data that can be used for historical charting of the patient's conditions and long term patient management.
In FIG. 16, a perspective view of a fixture 130A has a cable 136 linking a pressure sensor, (not visible here)connected at a linking junction 137 to the fixture 130A. It is recognized that not all vessels to which the fixture will be used to surround will be of the same size and consequently, the inventive device will be made available in multiple sizes. The surgeon will select the appropriate sized fixture for the vessel and snap the pressure sensor into the one selected, either before or after the blood vessel is surrounded by the passageway in the fixture. The fixtures can be constructed of hylon or similar suitable biocompatible plastic, such as may be used in connector blocks for pacemakers or other implantable medical devices with electrical leads currently, or of ceramics or metals that may be acceptable.
A block of medical adhesive will have been formed in the well 134 prior to the surgeon connecting the pressure sensor into the fixture 130A. For construction purposes, if using a metallic, such as titanium block from which the device will be machined, the opening at 133 is what is left after wire electric discharge machining. It may be filled as desired in the completed device when prepared for use. To construct the entire device then, one would machine in the curves, the slit and the tunnel, then either the through hole at 133 or the space shown at 133a in FIGS. 16B and C to create the diaphragm. Then the assembly of the pressure capsule would be completed by bonding the sensor and electronics board to the lower surface of hole 133a so that the diaphragm contacts the sensor appropriately, and then sealing the sensor capsule. Next the through hole 133 can be filled with transmissive material up to surface 135 and the device connected to a lead if appropriate. Then the device can be sterilized and will be ready for use.
Details in the construction of the device of FIG. 16A can be more clearly seen with reference to FIGS. 16B and 16C. In FIG. 16B. The structure 130s is the same as the top portion of the device 137a. In one preferred embodiment of a titanium block that has been electric discharged machined to produce the outer configuration shown in these FIGS. 16A-C, including the tunnel like passage way 195 having the base 135 and a slit 134 at the top. To form this construction, the electric discharge machining first produces the slopped sides (if desired for the final design,) and then produces the tunnel like through passage way 195 and the slit 134. The rectangular passageway 133 must be machined very carefully because this step produces the pressure diaphragm itself. The lower surface of the pressure diaphragm which will be inside the pressure capsule is illustrated at line 139 in both FIGS. 16B and 16C. A circuit board CB containing the sensor package 139a will be inserted in the area 133a machined from the area of the block opposite the slit 134. For our purposes, the preferred thickness of the diaphragm formed by the lower surface of the hole provided at 133 and the upper surface provided in area 133a should be on the order of approximately 0.001 inches.
The cable 136 may be preferably manufactured with two conductors as illustrated in cross section 180 in FIG. 18, with one center wire 181 surrounded by a cabled or wound wire 183 spaced apart from each other by silicone or medical adhesive or other biocompatible and preferably non-conductive material in layer 182. Preferably also a sheath layer 184 surrounds the outer conductor. A current pacing lead construction with two coiled metal conductors would suffice as well, and many variations are possible, including merely twisted pair wires, straight conductors and the like. A coaxial configuration is preferred only because a less noisy signal will be obtained with such a structure. As fiber-optic communications channels and their uses with sensors become better able to handle the stresses of implant by technological innovation, such cables may also be employed, and perhaps preferred.
The sensor capsule 141 is fixedly mounted or formed into the fixture surrounding it which from this cross section is seen to be mainly comprised of the passageway supporting section 142 through which the vessel will be mounted when in operation and the retaining portion 148. To show one form of isolation structure for the reference sensor, a dotted section is shown at 149 which could be formed of the same hard plastic that preferably forms sections 148 and 147, which if perforated to allow fluid access to the window 144 will provide a good environment for reference pressure measurements. On FIG. 21, the outline of such a reference sensor is illustrated at 227, and the perforations at 228. An alternative embodiment 190 is viewed cut across the tunnel shaped passageway 195 into which the vessel would be mounted in FIG. 19. In this embodiment the slit or opening 192 is near the flat internal surface 191, which indicates that the inventors considered the relative location to be non-critical. That is, it is not believed that the opening and the flat surface must be on opposite sides to perform sufficiently well to function. In fact, if one does not use a pressure sensor, it may not be necessary to flatten one side or even a part of one side of the inner surface of the tunnel like passageway. Also illustrated in FIG. 19, is the potential for maintaining all electronics, power sources telemetry, memory and other processing circuitry in direct contact with the sleeve or tunnel like passageway which will surround the vessel. In FIG. 19, this is shown with an adjoining housing area 193, which can be of any convenient shape. It is expected that in most preferred uses, the smallness of the sensor fixture will be of paramount importance, so such circuitry will at least for the near future be mounted in a housing separated by a conductor containing lead from the fixture. For some applications a fiber-optic cable may be preferred or may supplement the electrical conductors.
For example, a sensor fixture could be mounted around the radial artery or vein with a pressure sensor mounted in the fixture, and a conductor bearing lead tunneled through the arm to an implantable pulse generator in the patient's chest. This sensor would provide feedback regarding changes in the pressure within the patient's body at the extremity and this measurement set could be used to modify stimulation pulses sent by the pulse generator mounted in the chest t, for example, by sending pulses of greater intensity or duration to the carotid sinus through another electrical medical lead connected to stimulate at that location. As mentioned earlier, data in the sensor measurements provided by sensors mounted in the fixture can provide the basis for adaptive closed loop programs that provide changes in heart pacing stimulation or drug delivery from implanted drug pumps.
Additionally, the fixtures could be mounted to any body vessel including but not limited to bile ducts, pancreatic ducts, seminal vesicles, lymph vessels or any of the tubes involved in the Kidney function or the excretion of urine downstream therefrom, in short, on any vessel through which a fluid may flow, so as to take measurements of that fluid. The squeezing off of the body vessel provides for a smaller outer diameter that can fit through the opening or slit in the fixture, and then the vessel upon release will fill or overfill the internal diameter of the tunnel shaped passageway becoming thereby fixed thereto so that repeatable reliable long term measurements can be taken by a sensor structure mounted into the internal surface.
Referring now FIG. 20 in which an alternate preferred embodiment 200 is illustrated, a thin lead 204 can be connected to an end of the pressures sensor capsule 202 if desired. This lead 204 may be much thinner than a cardiac pacing lead (for example) since no coiling would be required for a conductor in such a lead. Optical communication could of course take place over an optical fiber (in lead 204) if the circumstances of the device suggests such a design would be preferred. In fact, use of not connected telemetric pathways for communications with the implantable device are an option and such communications with implantable medical devices has been known for some time.
The fixture for holding the blood vessel 205 again is shown to contain a tunnel or passageway 201 having a slit 203 along one side of it between the arms 205a and 205b of the fixtures body 205.
For convenience, the internal diameter of the tunnel space 201 is taken in views of the sections A-E, illustrated in an abbreviated form in FIGS. 20A-20E. Referring to these FIGS. 20A-E, it can be seen that the slit width dA-dE does not vary substantially in this preferred embodiment, even though the internal configuration of the tunnel does. Each of the internal diameters taken from the view lines A-E of FIG., 20 can be described as two rough semi circles, concave sides facing but spaced apart the length of a relatively flat line on the bottom which joins the semi circles 210-214, this flat area, in the preferred embodiments, being a cross sectional of the preferred substantially flat area in which the sensor(s) are most efficaciously placed. (Some variation from flatness and placement are within the scope of the concepts described here for the placement of the various sensor configurations described, of course.) Thus it can be seen that at one end of the tunnel 201 the opening is nearly round where in the middle it is quite oblong and again round at the other side. The tunnel or interior space designed in this manner provides some resistance to length wise slippage of the fixture along the length of the vessel it's meant to surround as well as reducing the ability of the vessel to come out through the slit. It is also believed to enhance the sensing of pressure.
In FIG. 21, a convolved, curved or serpentine slit design is shown in slit 225 on device 220. It is certainly within the range of preferred embodiments to employ both the serpentine or curved slit design or something similar together with the design of the pinched tunnel illustrated in Figs, 20A-E in the same device, or not, if preferred. The curve of the slit shape could be more angular than that illustrated if desired as well.
In device 220, the pressure sensor capsule body 221 is again mounted to the fixture 223 but in this design, the lead 222 is built integrity with pressure capsule 221.
Refer now to FIG. 22. This holding fixture 238 and pressure capsule 231 can be designed as an integrated device or assembled in the operating room by the surgeon to form device 230. As in the device illustrated in FIG. 20, an attachment mechanism for attaching the lead to the pressure capsule 231 is also illustrated at 232. Thus, the device can be a 2 or 3 piece combination, that is, a capsule and lead joined to a fixture, or a capsule joined to the lead and the fixture separately. In this device design, either a pressure transmissible substance 235 (preferably medical adhesive although other similar substances can be used), or an actual pressure diaphragm surface should mate smoothly with the interior surface 237 of the device 230. Surround structure or tub 234 can be formed integrally with either the sensor and or pressure capsule 231 or with the material 233 of which the fixture is made, depending on whether it is easier to manufacture with the surround 234 holding the fixture to the pressure sensor capsule 231 or to the fixture 238.
In FIG. 23 the inventive device 240 is again shown to be built of two main parts; the fixture 248 and the capsule in which the sensors are located 241. In this particular design a pressure sensor diaphragm 246 is built below the upper surface of the mating tub 247 which will be filled with pressure transmissive substance in the preferred embodiment. In this design, it can be seen that the fixture 248 can simply be snapped over the mating tub 247 to employ a ridge of the same material as fixture 248 (not shown) which will mate with the detent 248 in the mating tub 247.
Currently since it is cheaper to manufacture the fixture part, if the reader wishes to accommodate the surgeon, a kit containing a plurality or multiplicity of fixtures of different sizes which can all mate to a single sensor capsule provides a most cost effective solution.
Thus, since presently configured pressure capsules like 241 are made of a metal like titanium, for this design it would be easiest to form the mating tub 247 with its mating detents 248 on the surface of that metal capsule. To manufacture, the next step would be to fill the tub with medical adhesive or other suitable pressure transmissive medium, wait for the pressure transmissive medium to cure, sterilize the whole thing and provide it to a physician or surgeon with a set of sized fixtures like that illustrated at 248. In this way, a kit could be provided so that the right sized fixture 248 could be picked from a kit of a range of such fixtures to mate with a single sterilized and prepared pressure capsule and lead combination. Of course this would be applicable to the pressure capsule without a lead or with a lead connector as illustrated in FIG. 22 for example, and to other sensor capsules containing sensors other than pressure sensors with minor accommodation. For examples, an oxygen sensor requiring that its sensor be touching the vessel would omit the steps of providing a pressure transmissive medium, and an impedance sensor may simply provide electrical connections to the fixture which may itself have electrodes mounted strategically around the tunnel formed by the fixture to contact the vessel most appropriately.
FIG. 24 shows the combination 250 of the pressure capsule 252 having the mating tub 257 filled with pressure transmissible substance 247a which can come from one sterile package. Selecting the correctly sized fixture 251 and pressing it over the sensor package 252 will provide a reassuring snap to the physician when the internal ridges or ridge mate with the detent 253 and produce the device of FIG. 25, 260. Other mechanical links which may be well known in the art can be substituted for a ridge with mating detent. Bumps and detents, set screws and glue describe just a few of these.
While it is assumed that a certain level of background is available to the reader, it is useful to mention and thus incorporate by reference a number of patents which describe features that may be employed in implementing the mentioned features of this invention including the use of multiple implantable devices having the inventive fixtures, which can communicate with each other or with other implanted devices with or without provision of conductors (for examples of background in this area see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,987,897 and 5,113,859 issued to Funke), telemetry uplink and data storage for monitoring and communication with an external receiver generally (U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,411,031, 5,687,734, and 5,693,676), ultrasound transducers used in implantable devices (U.S. Pat. No. 5,188,106), and Drug pumps (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,373,527, 5,681,285 and 5,586,629).
To further illustrate the use of tunnel narrowing along with a curved slit design, the illustrations of FIG. 26 and FIGS. 27A-C should be considered. FIG. 27B is a facing view looking into the tunnel 264. It should be noted that this part of the device structure when assembled will hold the pressure capsule or other sensor housing at location 263 where the fixture curves inward toward the central passageway or tunnel 264. It can be noted that the upper portion of the tunnel 266 can be seen narrowing past this entry way which is nearly round at perimeter 265 from this view. Note also that the sidewall 262 corresponds to sidewall 262 on FIG. 26.
Referring to the section taken at line CC from FIG. 26, one can see that the diameter 266 has only slightly started to become elliptical around the tunnel passage way 264. However, in FIG. 27A taken at section line AA from FIG. 26, a perimeter 265 of the tunnel can be seen as quite elliptical in shape and the curve of the slit 261 can be seen to have substantially moved in its location in FIG. 27B, the facing view taken at line B.
If desired of course, a clip similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1 may be used to further insure that no blood vessel may escape the tunnel passageway 264.
Certainly many variations on the features described herein and many cross combinations thereof may be made use of without leaving the ambit of this disclosure, which is deemed limited only as set forth in the following appended claims.
1. A chronically implantable sensor device having tubular assembly with a first and second end and having a substantially circular passageway extending fully there through from said first to said second ends forming a passageway through said tubular assembly such that the internal surface of the passageway is coextensive with the external surface of the tubular assembly and wherein a slit extends along the axial length of the passageway from one opening of the passageway at said first end to another opening end of the passageway at said second end thus, said slit providing an access opening from said first opening end to said second opening end through said passageway wall and wherein on the interior surface of the passageway in said device, opposite from said slit, the interior surface has a substantially flat area into which a sensor is mounted.
2. An implantable sensor fixture for chronic implant into a living body for chronically sensing physiologic measurement values within vessels of said body comprising a hard and substantially round interior tunnel shaped passageway for surrounding such a body vessel, having an interior space with a flat side and an slit side separate from said flat side, and having a sensor mounted into said interior of said tunnel for sensing said physiologic measurement values from within said vessel, and wherein a diameter of the interior tunnel shaped passage is measured as if said interior tunnel shaped passageway were closed across said slit side is slightly smaller than the normal external diameter of said vessel, thus causing said vessel to bulge slightly into an opening formed by said slit.
3. A fixture as set forth in claim 2 wherein said sensor is mounted into the flat side of said tunnel shaped passageway.
4. A fixture as set forth in clam 2 wherein said sensor is a pressure sensor.
5. An implantable medical device comprising a fixture as set forth in claim 4 wherein said pressure sensor has a pressure membrane plate surface coextensive with said flat side.
6. An implantable medical device comprising a fixture as set forth in claim 4 wherein said pressure sensor has a membrane plate means spaced apart form said flat surface by a tub member filled with a pressure transmission medium.
7. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 6 and further comprising a circuit for reading said pressure sensor measurements and a memory circuit for storing said pressure sensor measurements.
8. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 7 further comprising a reference sensor housed near said fixture but not in contact with said tunnel shaped passageway, for measuring pressure in said living body substantially unaffected by pressure in said vessel.
11. An implantable device as set forth in any of claims 2-10, wherein a plurality of sensors are arrayed within said fixture on an inner surface of said tunnel so as to be responsive to physiological conditions within a vessel when said vessel is within said tunnel.
circuit means for reading signals produced by said sensor.
13. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 12 wherein said sensor is mounted on said flat surface.
14. An implantable medical device comprising a tube constructed of materials substantially inflexible relative to blood vessel flexibility, and having a slit along one side thereof and a sensor mounted internally to said tube on a side other than said one side.
15. An implantable medical device as set forth in any of claims 12-14 wherein said tube has two opening sides and a middle portion, and wherein said middle portion is narrower than said opening sides.
16. An implantable medical device as set forth in any of claims 12-14 wherein said slit is not straight.
17. An implantable medical device as set forth in any of claims 1-14 further comprising a cover member for covering said slit after a vessel has been secured in said tube.
18. An implantable medical device as set forth in any of claims 1-14 further comprising a cover member for covering said slit after a vessel has been secured in said tube, and wherein said cover member is a spring clip.
19. A chronically implantable medical device system comprising a first housing containing electronic circuits, said first housing spaced apart from a second implantable medical device as set forth in claim 12 and having a connection means for transferring signals from said sensor in said second implantable medical device to said electronic circuits in said first housing.
20. A chronically implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said connection means comprises a medical lead linking said first housing electronic circuits to said sensor.
21. A chronically implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 20 wherein said medical lead comprises two conductors at least one of which is coiled.
22. A chronically implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 20 wherein said medical lead comprises an optical pathway linking said first housing electronic circuits to said sensor.
23. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said first housing houses an implantable drug pump.
24. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said first housing houses a memory storage circuit for storing information related to said sensor signals.
25. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19 wherein said first housing houses a memory storage circuit for storing information related to said sensor signals for later uplinking said information to an external device.
26. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 25 further comprising a telemetry circuit means and processing circuit for uplinking information related to measurement made by said sensor means from said memory circuit to a device outside a body into which said implantable device may be implanted.
27. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19, wherein said first housing houses a medical interventional device capable of delivering therapy to a body into which it may be implanted and further comprising a processing circuit for processing signals from said sensor so as to enable said processor circuit to alter therapy delivery characteristics by said medical interventional device.
28. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19, wherein a processor associated with said memory can set a data flag in said memory based on measurements made by said sensor.
29. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19, wherein a processor associated with said memory can trigger an alarm based on measurements made by said sensor.
30. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 19, having a plurality of second implantable medical devices for location at a plurality of regions in the body.
31. An implantable medical device system as set forth in claim 30 wherein said plurality of second implantable medical devices all measure blood pressure.
32. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 11 wherein said sensor is mounted in a sensor capsule mated to said tube.
33. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 32 and said sensor capsule further comprises a power source for powering said sensor.
34. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 32 and wherein said sensor comprises a Doppler transducer and receiver.
35. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 34 wherein said Doppler transducer is mounted across said tube from said receiver.
infrared and red wavelength transmitters and a light measuring receiver.
a plurality of electrodes extending from said capsule.
38. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 32 wherein at least one of said electrodes not contact said vessel, but instead connects to a conductor in said tube which in turn is connected to an electrode located on an inner surface of said tube for contacting said vessel.
a plurality of resistive elements, at least one of which can operate as a heater and another at least one of which can operate as a temperature sensor.
40. A sensor assembly for long term monitoring of conditions in a blood vessel of a living body comprising a rigid fixture for holding a blood vessel and a sensor capsule mated to said fixture.
41. A sensor assembly for long term monitoring of a condition in a blood vessel of a living body comprising a rigid fixture for holding a blood vessel having an interior surface for contacting said blood vessel outer wall, and having a sensor mounted on said interior surface so as to be in operative contact with said external wall of said blood vessel when in use.
42. A chronically implantable medical device comprising a fixture comprising a tube having two open ends and a slit opening through which to pass a blood vessel, and having mounted therein an optical sensor mounted so as to face an inner surface of said tube and to thus be in contact with said blood vessel, wherein said optical sensor comprises a light transmission means for transmitting light of more than one wavelength and a light sensitive means for measuring light returned.
43. An implantable medical device as set forth in claim 42 wherein at least a portion of said inner surface is reflective.


text:
KFC sues Chinese companies for online food rumors
June 1, 2015 / 12:32 PM / AP
BEIJING - Restaurant operator KFC said Monday it filed a lawsuit against three companies in China whose social media accounts spread false claims about its food, including that its chickens have eight legs.
The case filed by China's biggest restaurant operator comes as the government intensifies a campaign to clean up rumors on social media. Internet marketers have been convicted of trying to manipulate online sentiment on behalf of clients by posting false information about competitors or deleting critical posts.
In an announcement posted on its Chinese website, KFC said one of the best-known fake rumors was that chickens used by the company are genetically modified and have six wings and eight legs.
KFC is demanding 1.5 million yuan ($242,000) and an apology from each of three companies that operated accounts on the popular mobile phone app WeChat. It is also seeking an immediate stop to their infringements. Shanghai Xuhui District People's Court has accepted the case, according to a press officer who would only give her surname, Wu.
KFC's China CEO Qu Cuirong said in a statement that it was hard for companies to protect their brands against rumors because of the difficulties in collecting evidence. "But the stepped-up efforts by the government in recent years to purify the online environment, as well as some judicial interpretations, have offered us confidence and weapons," she said.
The companies being sued were named as Shanxi Weilukuang Technology Company Ltd., Taiyuan Zero Point Technology Company and Yingchenanzhi Success and Culture Communication Ltd. in Shenzhen city. Calls to numbers listed for the companies either rang unanswered or were not valid.
Authorities launched a renewed campaign two years ago to clean up what they called online rumors, negativity and unruliness. Critics say the campaign was largely aimed at suppressing criticism of the ruling Communist Party. Commentaries in state media have argued that a cleanup was needed.
KFC has more than 4,600 restaurants in China.
First published on June 1, 2015 / 12:32 PM

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaCommonCrawl


The main purpose of our STEM programs is to engage students in STEM activities that expose them to, cultivate interest, and increase confidence in their abilities to succeed in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. We simply use robotics as a hands on method to build activities around and demonstrate application of STEM skills. We coach teams that participate in the First Lego League and First Tech Challenge.
We provide programs and facilitate partnerships that create a pipeline of diverse, Charlotte community students, starting from middle school STEM programs, to high school programs, to college major programs, and ultimately to STEM-related careers.
13 teams participated (one from VA.), including 2 from MOY. Our team 7989 "Autonomous Rex" made the elimination round.
8 Member and 4 parent volunteers supported the event; 11 students on our teams.
Facilitated MOY Saturday Academy STEM workshop 1/30 @ NASCAR R&D; 50 students.
Our STEM programming is made possible by grant awards and donations from the community. Business and corporate partners are critical in helping the 100's Robotics Program achieve its objectives. The generosity of our partners makes these STEM activities accessible to children at no charge to them.
Additional funds are needed and are essential to every aspect of our program from robotic kits, materials, supplies, and travel costs to events. As a partner of our Program, you make it possible for our youth to enjoy a fun and educational activity that contributes to their growth and development. Listed below are our different levels of monetary partnership and what benefits each level includes. All donations are tax deductible.
Business logo and name on all information packets and brochures.
Large business logo and/or name on team event t-shirts and FTC robots.
Business logo and name prominently displayed on signage at events.
Business logo and name will prominently appear as a link on our website.
Acknowledgment of your support in our newsletter and media press releases.
Business logo and name on team event t-shirts and FTC robots.
Business logo and name on signage displayed at Program hosted events.
Business logo will appear on our website.
Business logo and name on information packets.
Business logo on signage displayed at all Program hosted events.
Recognition in our newsletter and on our website.
Our "Friends of the 100″ donors are private individuals interested in helping with the ongoing expenses of running our Program activities. Double the value of your gift by using your employer's matching fund program. Other "Friends of the 100" Partners donate space, time, or materials in support of facilitating of workshops or events.


text:
Q: Cannot query a second result set without looping through the first result set I am having an issue with ZF2 trying to use the table gateways and getting result sets:
I am trying to query two result sets (from two different tables/two different gateways) and send them to the view to be iterated through and placed on the screen.
(Simplified example):
function viewAction() {
    $table1 = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('Model\Table\Table1');
    $table2 = $this->getServiceLocator()->get('Model\Table\Table2');

    return new ViewModel([
        'table1' => $table1->fetchAll(),
        'table2' => $table2->fetchAll()
    ]);
}

With the Model\Table\Table1 and Model\Table\Table2 having a fetch all:
public function fetchAll() {
    return $this->tableGateway->select();
}

Then in my view:
...
<?php
foreach($table1 as $row) {
    echo "
{$row['col1']}	{$row['col2']}
";
}
?>
...
<?php
foreach($table2 as $row) {
    echo "
{$row['col1']}	{$row['col2']}
";
}
?>
...

The problem is, $table1 will have no data when looping.  However, if I instead do something like this (in the controller, instead of passing the result set to the view, passing $results1 and $results2 to the view):
$fetchAll = $table1->fetchAll();
$results1 = [];
foreach($fetchAll as $row) {
    $results1[] = $row;
}
$fetchAll = $table2->fetchAll();
$results2 = [];
foreach($fetchAll as $row) {
    $results2[] = $row;
}

Then all works fine.  I don't want to have to loop through the same set of data twice.  So why does ZF2 prevent me from using two different ResultSets before all the data in a ResultSet has been accessed?

A: Since I was querying to different record sets one after the other, the database was still waiting for action to take place on the first query.  I could only have one action record set at a time.
There first solution was what I presented in the question, get a record set and loop through all the rows that are available before trying to query again.  This frees the record set as we have all the data.
The second solution (the one I have adapted), is to enable Multiple Active Record Sets (MARS) for the database connection.
I was able to do this by adding  MARS_Connection=yes to the dsn connection string for MSSQL.

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaStackExchange


Bloody Knuckles - Full Horror Film, Comedy, Free Entire Feature Film in English, Free to Watch in High Definition.
Travis is an underground comic book artist with a penchant for the obscene. When one of his comics insults a Chinatown crime boss, the gangster punishes Travis by removing his drawing hand. A daunted Travis retreats into a life of alcoholic misery. That is, until his hand returns from the grave.
''Saw this at the IMAGINE film festival 2015 in Amsterdam. Contemporary issues with freedom of speech, and how far one can go as a journalist or cartoonist, are very well scripted into a coherent story. The blood and gore is a bit over-the-top and could have been less, but it fits the story and is not far fetched. Apart from the humor that is included to provide for some relief, there is even a bit of romance. The odd couple Travis and Amy are the perfect candidates to live happily ever after, if (a great if) they succeed in surmounting all the obstacles raised by business man Mr Fong, who is not very amused with their publications.
A nice find is the Text-to-speech software we saw installed on Travis' computer in the beginning, as it got an important role later in the proceedings. Apart from "talking" to Travis via the keyboard by means of this software, the detached hand proves very capable all along the story. It certainly has a will and mind (?) of its own. Actually, the hand can be considered the main star here, though that may do injustice to the other special effects where we see the most incredible things happen with severed human body parts.
According to Mr Fong, the villain in this story: Nothing is greater than the profit. This pun on profit/prophet is not the only fun as icing on the cake, however, and a lot of humor is interwoven in the proceedings. It takes our mind away from the horrible things that Mr Fong has in mind when people do not listen to his friendly "advice".
All in all, a remarkable film due to the mix of humor, romance, horror, and incorporating the contemporary theme of journalistic freedom and how far one can go in insulting others, exposing secrets, or bringing wrongdoings to light. My company who is usually not very keen on Horror films, had no regrets to have seen this one, due to the Horror elements fitting the story and were not there only for the sake of it. And we got sufficient relief, needed to alleviate the blood and gore induced by Mr Fong and his assistants.'' Written byJvH48 on IMDb.


Not every consumer wants to add yet another app to their mobile phone. In fact, smartphone users aged 35 to 54 delete their existing apps more frequently than they download new ones, according to a recent report. That's a problem for fast-casual and quick-service restaurants (QSRs), which are betting on apps to boost mobile ordering.
In the August Mobile Order-Ahead Tracker, PYMNTS explores how restaurants and service providers alike are working to find new ways to reach app-weary customers, including offering ordering through new channels and appealing to consumers via rewards and promotions.
McDonald's is turning to promotions to encourage customers to try out its mobile ordering service, which launched in 2017. The fast food giant has been promising freebies — including the chance to win free food for life — exclusively for those who place mobile orders.
Other restaurants, hoping to make mobile ordering more enticing, are making deals to gain greater control over the customer experiences they offer.
Dunkin' Donuts, for one, recently signed a deal with CARDFREE that will give it a perpetual license to the software behind its mobile ordering and payments platform. The company expects this move to provide increased control over its mobile app and enable it to accelerate work on initiatives like group ordering.
Rewards, meanwhile, are a focus of the mobile ordering experience and appeal at the Chicago-based fast-casual chain Naf Naf Grill. The company launched a combined mobile ordering and loyalty app in January, and has since turned to promises of reward points and speedy service to get customers to take a chance on ordering.
So far, results are encouraging, said CEO Paul Damico. That's important for the company, because when lunchtime hits, crowds line up — and the demand for meals is sometimes more than a store can handle.
Though it may take a prep line of five employees to customize and whip up an in-store customer's pita sandwich or chicken shawarma bowl, an online order can be handled by just one staff member. This means more orders can be made with the same number of employees, making online ordering critical to increasing restaurants' service capacity.
In this month's feature story, Damico explained how Naf Naf Grill prepared to avoid order-pickup confusion and delays, and how the service is prompting the chain to start building smaller stores.
The Mobile Order-Ahead Tracker™, powered by Kount, serves as a monthly framework for the space, providing coverage of the most recent news and trends, along with a provider directory highlighting the key players contributing across the segments that comprise the mobile order-ahead ecosystem.
To download the Tracker, fill out the form below.


Over the years I have learned to look for the tiny signs, the details that may lead me to a moment of grace, a moment of quiet rejoicing, in finding that I am truly not alone in this world.
I want you to think of a time where life was painful or you felt alone or you needed comfort and someone showed up, or you received a phone call you needed to hear or a special song played on the radio just for you. I want you to think about the smallest threads that have held you together when you felt like things were unraveling around you. It is through these moments that we can find that quiet place of grace.
I have been very blessed with little moments when I need them most. It's as if at my lowest points there is a glimpse or shimmer of something bigger than me. When I need an answer more than ever, I am handed a gracious gift. They may seem small and insignificant to you, but to me they are cherished jewels that I can string together and hold on to.
Just the other day I had been thinking and praying to know what is going to happen with my husbands professional career…would he find a job, will he be able to handle the pressure, will we have to move? I had been feeling very anxious, needing to know what lies ahead, wondering if we will have to move again, concerned about how my daughter Kate will handle such change…on and on the worries played.
Then, that night while we tucked our daughter into bed we were debating if we should listen to music, read a story, etc. I lifted up our little children's devotion book and my daughter grabbed it out of my hands and started flipping through the pages. She said, "lets do the day of my birthday." We had practically missed almost every day in February, so I was fine going back to her special day. We began to read and I instantly knew the message was for me, for all of us. It read…THE FUTURE IS MY SECRET…Sometimes you think it might be nice to know the future, what to expect, how things will turn out. There are even some people who claim they can tell you the future. But the future is a secret. It is my secret. When you try to figure out the future you are reaching for something that is Mine. My keeping your future a secret, I am teaching you to depend on Me. Trust My promises to care for you, to look out for you. I will show you the next step you need to take, and the one after that, and the one after that–one step at a time. Don't try to rush ahead of Me. Just relax and enjoy the journey to your future–one day at a time.
Another moment was a time when my husband was leaving town on a business trip. He had been really stressed with work, had not had time to physically work out and things were really getting to him. I was worried, really worried about where he was in his mind. He had been very emotional. I stood in our driveway with our little girl and we watched him drive away. I had this terrible feeling come over me and I was filled with more worry and concern. I felt like we may never see him again, that something was going to happen. I grabbed my daughter's hand and told her we needed to say a prayer for Daddy. She asked me why and I told her I was a little worried for Dad and that we needed to pray for him to be safe. We said a prayer and I still felt a little unsettled. I saw Louise Hay's affirmation cards and I grabbed one from the stack, it read, "I move through life knowing that I am safe—Divinely protected and guided." A wave of calm ran through my body and peace filled me and I knew he would be okay.
One last moment I will share was this last summer when my little family was deciding if we should make a special trip to the Oregon coast. I have wanted to go visit the Redwood Forest for years and my husbands job was constantly taking him to Washington and Oregon, so we were thinking this would be a good time to go. I began planning, looking at costs, trying to figure out if it would be good timing when my daughter ended up in the hospital a few months before with Pneumonia. Thankfully she was there only a couple days and got better, but then the medical bills came, our car had some issues and the Redwood trip looked like it should be pushed back to another year. The day we had decided the timing was not right I had a couple of moments of grace…that same day I was looking through my book collection for a book to include in a teacher appreciation basket. I came across a book called "The Woman's book of Confidence." I began to flip through the pages to make sure there were not any notes or markings when I came across a page titled, "Deep Roots." I was curious and began to read, it was all about this women's trip along the coast and the Redwood forest. I knew this was a sign. I immediately called my husband and told him we needed to go. Later that same day I took a walk through the forest near my home. I was smiling to myself thinking about the amazing coincidence that had just occurred when a voice in my head said, "it's about time you got it!! I have been trying to tell you, I even had you move to Redwood Drive." I laughed out loud at this funny moment. There was definitely inspiration about!! It is a good thing we took the adventure to the coast because now my husband will not be traveling to Oregon or Washington again. Thank heavens for that amazing trip. I am glad we listened.
Well, inspiration, grace, whispers, feelings, thoughts, all echo the same song…that you are not alone, so look for the little signs, pick up the books that seem to call you, fill your heart with wonder, look for the magic in all things and know you are not alone.


WOW, what a nice car here. 2007 Lexus LS460 with 44k original miles. This car has all the gear and is in excellent condition. Paint still shines, interior is clean and the maintenance is up to date. The lowest mileage in the market on this very nice car. Please call John to schedule a time to come see and test drive this beauitful Lexus at (954)998-2277. Please inquire to see a video of this car.


text:
package org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.snowflake.model;

import org.jkiss.code.NotNull;
import org.jkiss.code.Nullable;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.generic.model.GenericSQLDialect;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.ext.snowflake.SnowflakeConstants;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.DBPDataSourceContainer;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.exec.jdbc.JDBCDatabaseMetaData;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.exec.jdbc.JDBCSession;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.impl.jdbc.JDBCDataSource;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.sql.parser.rules.SQLDollarQuoteRule;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.sql.parser.rules.SQLMultiWordRule;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.sql.parser.tokens.SQLTokenType;
import org.jkiss.dbeaver.model.text.parser.*;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

public class SnowflakeSQLDialect extends GenericSQLDialect implements TPRuleProvider {

    public SnowflakeSQLDialect() {
        super("Snowflake", "snowflake");
    }

    public void initDriverSettings(JDBCSession session, JDBCDataSource dataSource, JDBCDatabaseMetaData metaData) {
        super.initDriverSettings(session, dataSource, metaData);
        addSQLKeywords(
            Arrays.asList(
                "QUALIFY",
                "ILIKE",
                "PACKAGE",
                "PIPE",
                "STAGE",
                "STREAM",
                "TAG",
                "TASK"
            ));
    }

    @Override
    public void extendRules(@Nullable DBPDataSourceContainer dataSource, @NotNull List<TPRule> rules, @NotNull RulePosition position) {
        if (position == RulePosition.INITIAL || position == RulePosition.PARTITION) {
            rules.add(new SQLDollarQuoteRule(
                position == RulePosition.PARTITION,
                false,
                false,
                dataSource == null || dataSource.getPreferenceStore().getBoolean(SnowflakeConstants.PROP_DD_STRING)
            ));
        }
        if (position == RulePosition.KEYWORDS) {
            final TPTokenDefault keywordToken = new TPTokenDefault(SQLTokenType.T_KEYWORD);
            rules.add(new SQLMultiWordRule(new String[]{"BEGIN", "TRANSACTION"}, keywordToken));
        }
    }

    @NotNull
    @Override
    public String getSearchStringEscape() {
        // Without escaping of wildcards Snowflake reads all metadata directly from database and ignores specified objects names
        // #9875
        return "\\";
    }

    @NotNull
    @Override
    public MultiValueInsertMode getDefaultMultiValueInsertMode() {
        return MultiValueInsertMode.GROUP_ROWS;
    }
}

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaGithub


text:
In Boxing, News
Amit Panghal Reaches Semis Of Governor's Cup In Russia
The world No. 1 in the 52kg beat local boxer Tamir Galanov by a unanimous verdict. Manish Kaushik, however, went down 5-0 in his opening bout later in the day.
Amit Panghal (IND) vs. Tamir Galanov (RUS)- Governor's Cup 2021 (52kg)
Indian boxer Amit Panghal advanced to the second round of the 52kg category at the Governor's Cup boxing tournament in St. Petersburg, Russia on Wednesday.
Considered a medal favourite at Tokyo 2020, Amit Panghal beat Russian boxer Tamir Galanov by a unanimous decision.
Tamir Galanov was a bronze-medallist at the 2017 Amateur World Championships and a four-time Russian flyweight champion.
In the opening round, Amit Panghal put up a defensive front and evaded the Russian's punches with ease. The Indian, however, went on the attack in the second round, first with a series of lefts and rights and then landing occasional blows with his sharp jabs.
One such jab led to a cut on Galanov's nose with the bout halted momentarily for the Russian to be treated.
The fight got intense in the third round, with both attacking from close range. Amit, in particular, was particularly aggressive, as his frequency of punches increased pushing the Russian frequently on the backfoot.
Galanov resorted to the combinations towards the end but found Amit countering, with the Indian's punches more measured and connecting well. The Indian, world No. 1 in the 52kg, won 5-0.
This was Amit Panghal's first tournament since the Boxam meet last month, where he exited in the quarter-finals to European Games champion Gabriel Escobar of Spain.
Meanwhile, Manish Kaushik bowed out of the Governor's Cup after falling 5-0 to another Russian boxer Gabil Mamedov in the first round of the 63kg.
Manish Kaushik has already earned a berth for the Tokyo Olympics, and overcame a severe injury during the COVID-19-enforced break last year to be fit in time for the Games.
Mamedov was the more aggressive of the two in the first round and though Manish Kaushik attempted to counter, he was forced to defend against Mamedov's persistent attacks.
The Indian boxer noticeably came out with more intent in the second round, with some quick footwork and tried to land a few right hooks, which were unsuccessful. Mamedov weathered the early storm and hit back soon with a few jabs to gain the upper hand and keep Manish in check.
The third round was more evenly fought but Mamedov edged ahead after he cornered Manish Kaushik a few times and rounded off with a series of combinations towards the end to progress.
Previous Post The Sports School's BBA in Sports Management program.
Next Post Catch Final Live: 7 Indian women boxers fighting tonight at AIBA Youth World Championships.


Churches, too often, are accused of being remote from, and irrelevant to, their local community. Many Larne churches felt the need to be active in the community. Hence, local churches have co-operated in establishing the Larne Foodbank.
We aim to provide food for those in crisis e.g. the homeless, the unemployed, those in serious debt problems. Food for three days will help to alleviate the situation until a longer term solution may be found. Social Services, the Simon Community, local clergy, etc. will provide people in need with a voucher which can be exchanged for food at Craigyhill Methodist Church. We appreciate the support we have had and pray that this may continue. We plan to demonstrate the love of Jesus in a practical way.


Rent a motorhome in the country of fjords and mountains.
Norway is a manifold country, offers impressive natural spectacles and exciting landscapes.
Start your motorhome trip in South Norway in Oslo or Grimstad. Be bedazzled by the expanded cultural offerings and the numerous sights in Oslo, Bergen and Trondheim.
Travel with your motorhome to the North. Participate at a packet ship tour, also called Hurtigruten, and enjoy wonderful views at the fjords. During special seasons you can see the polar lights, too. If you are fortunate you face an elk or a reindeer in freedom on your journey through the country.
Norway is a paradise for winter sports enthusiasts. The county offers riding dog sledges, skiing, snowshoeing, tobogganing, ice skating and much more. Not only in winter, but also in summer Norway is an attractive holiday destination with a motorhome. Riding, diving, climbing, bicycling, fishing and surfing, nothing will be left to be desired. Or do a whale watching tour with your children.
Rent a motor home in Norway, pack your camping equipment, your sports equipment and the toys of your children and start your bathing, skiing or activity holidays. Benefit from the enormous space, the endless flexibility and the mobility of a motorhome.
Rent a motorhome from the McRent stations in Oslo or Grimstad and take off to an unforgettable adventure in the open countryside.


People heading to the Xcel Energy Center in Downtown St. Paul are going to have to find another place to park. The RiverCentre parking ramp is closed, just one day after a chunk of concrete fell on a parked car and two days after St. Paul Mayor Melvin Carter and other local leaders launched a public campaign for $58 million in state money to replace the structure.
Luckily no one was injured when a slab of concrete measuring 3 feet by 2 feet peeled off the ceiling of the 1,600-stall RiverCentre parking ramp Wednesday night. What's scarier is that Wednesday night there was a concert, Hall and Oates, at the Xcel Energy Center across the street.
According to the Star Tribune, in 2015, city engineers found structural deficiencies, as well as issues associated with the ramp's design — it doesn't have sloped floors for drainage, among other problems, and most of its mechanical, electrical and operational systems are original or in poor condition. They recommended demolishing the ramp and building a new one by 2020.
In the press release announcing the closure the City of St. Paul stated that the RiverCentre Ramp was built in 1970. The City of Saint Paul has spent more than $15 million in the last 18 years on repairs and maintenance.


As any repository manager will tell you, one of the biggest headaches for providing open access to research materials is complying with publisher agreements.
Most publishers will allow some form of an article published in their journals to be made open access. There is a very useful site that helps people work out what the conditions are for a given journal or publisher, called Sherpa RoMEO*.
Contacting the publisher directly for permission if the OA position is not able to be determined using any of these resources.
One problem repository managers face is that publishers sometimes change their position on open access. Often there is no public announcement from the publisher; especially when the change imposes more restrictions on 'green' open access. This is where the blogosphere and discussion lists (such as the CAIRSS List in Australia) are invaluable in keeping practitioners on top of new issues in the area.
Some recent cases where publishers set more restrictions on 'green' open access include Springer and IEEE.


text:
St. Louis is a municipality that holds community status in Prince Edward Island, Canada.

It is located in western Prince County, west of the junction of Route 155 and Route 152,  from Charlottetown, the provincial capital.

The community lies in the Egmont federal electoral district, and in the Tignish-Palmer Road and Alberton-Roseville provincial electoral districts.

Demographics

In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, St. Louis had a population of  living in  of its  total private dwellings, a change of  from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of  in 2021.

Education
St. Louis Elementary is the only school in the community. It is administered by the English Language School Board of Prince Edward Island. It offers English or French Immersion classes for students from St. Louis and other communities such as St.Edward, Miminegash, Pleasant View, Waterford, Palmer Road and DeBlois. It was the first school to offer French Immersion in the province.

See also
List of communities in Prince Edward Island

References

Communities in Prince County, Prince Edward Island
Rural municipalities in Prince Edward Island

redpajama_set_name: RedPajamaWikipedia


Hi guys! This is a swatch of a new favorite pink I bought recently. Pictured is three coats of Rimmel Fancy Fuchsia. I don't own many Rimmel polishes, but I must say I really like their polishes so far. Although Fancy Fuchsia was a little bit sheer, it applied like butter and the color is wow :) So hooray for this polish! Also I really like the extra wide, flat brush. It could be be too big for some small (toe)nails, but mine aren't that big either and application went fine. Didn't even need clean-up!
What's your favorite pink (at the moment)?
i love the one rimmel polish i have! the brush isn't fabulous i found but it was decent.
my favorite pink right now? opi dim sum plum!
Hey! I tagged you for an award on my blog.
@rebecca: Ooh I was thinking about getting Dim Sum Plum, but I probably already have dupe-ish polishes so I can't have it! How many coats do you need for opacity though?
How beautiful! I wish Rimmel and other nice brands out there were available here in my country!


text:
You Did Try: Ladies, It's Time To Learn How To Take A Compliment
By Lauren Martin
We're damned if we do, and we're damned if we don't… so let's just say we didn't try.
Isn't that how it is, ladies? When it comes to living, loving and learning, we're supposed to be effortless. Every move, every thought and every outfit is supposed to be on a whim — a cool, unthoughtful, undesigned plan.
But why? We think about everything and overthink about everything else, so why is it so bad to say we tried? Why is it so wrong to say we planned that outfit and wore those heels because they looked good. What's so wrong with admitting we like to look our best and enjoy dressing up? What's the matter with working hard and making plans? What's so wrong with trying?
We're stuck in this cocoon of downplay and minimization, and it's exhausting.
It's more effort to explain how little effort we put into something. Why can't we just say we wanted to dress up today? Why can't we just admit we like to wear makeup because it makes us feel good? Why can't we just stop explaining ourselves?
Because that's the real issue, isn't it? Everyone judging every goddamn move we make.
Everyone being so concerned with why we're doing this and not doing that. Everyone commenting on every choice and every action we make in our own lives.
Nothing is wrong with wanting to look good. Nothing is wrong with wearing makeup. Nothing is wrong with dressing up for your boyfriend. So why keep shaming it?
Why not just say this is our life, and we have the right to try as much as we have the right not to.
It's okay to accept a compliment
Women think admitting to a compliment is like admitting they know they look good. But isn't that why you dressed up? Isn't that why you wore that dress? Because you like it? If other people say they like it, it's okay to agree. It's okay to say thank you. It's okay to admit you tried and to accept the benefits of your effort.
It's okay to dress up for yourself
What's wrong with saying you dressed up because you wanted to look good today? Why should you feel ashamed for looking nice? Why make up an excuse because you decided not to wear jeans? Why is it anyone's business as to why you wore a skirt or a silk blouse?
It's okay to be eccentric and loud and dress for yourself. It's okay to change your style without having to change your excuse.
It's okay to dress up for other people
It's okay to tell your boyfriend you wore that dress for him. It's okay to put on your nice pajamas because he's coming over. It's okay to want to look good for other people — it's not a crime. Yes, you should dress for yourself, but who said you also can't dress for others?
It's not demeaning to want to look good for others — just never let their opinion ruin your own.
It's okay to take work seriously
When women stay late, they're intense. When men stay late, they're motivated. We have the same amount of drive as men, so why shouldn't we have the same amount of tenacity? Women shouldn't have to make excuses as to why they come to work early, stay late and play the game. We want to be the boss just as much as any man.
As soon as we stop pretending we're not trying, the sooner we'll see the competition stiffen.
It's okay to indulge
You're allowed to spend $30 on a mani-pedi if it makes you feel good, and you're definitely allowed to tell people. If you like spending $4 on a latte from your favorite coffee spot, leave it at that. You don't need to say you're treating yourself, or you had a rough morning.
You spend your money the way that makes you happy, and you never should have to pretend you don't know what you're doing.
It's okay to go extreme
If you try black lipstick because you think it will look good on you, leave it at that. If people ask you why you're wearing it or make a joke, don't indulge them with a tired excuse. You deliberately tried something new, so don't act like you don't know what you're doing. When you make a decision, stick by it.
Don't let everyone stick their bullsh*t all over it.
It's okay to want to look good
If you got up at 5 am to go the gym for the past month, don't deny that effort with a lame "oh, nothing really" when people ask what's different. You earned that compliment, and you earned that success.
Don't be ashamed to tell people you work hard. Because people won't shame you for going to the gym; they'll shame themselves for not being able to wake up at 5 am.
It's okay to say you tried
Trying means being in control – of yourself and your actions. Pretending like everything happened by whim or accident is giving up your power. Don't be scared to look people in the eye and tell them exactly what you did and why you did.
Then again, don't be scared to look them in the eye and tell them nothing.